Going on everyone Sam here with late sports card dripping five boxes of 23 leaf art of sports solo edition for Benjamin L It's good luck Benjamin. Let's do it buddy. I'm off with a triple auto early Holland Karim Benzmo Julian Alvarez That's insane one of three congrats on that one buddy great start Great start pretty gross That's so cool, man. It's hard to top that one for sure man That is an Ichiro exhibit three of five bunch of pinstripes Nice one there You didn't wear 51 They're probably yeah, it has to be though. You're right. There's no way Alessandro Del Piro 105 Grats on that one there Ben Alessandro Del Piro Yeah, it's gotta be Jersey But I know for a fact you've not worked if you want with the inks. We're like 30 something Thank you. Yeah 31 Tyree kill for a 15 on the auto good stuff there Benjamin Not think we're allowed. Yeah, not not we're not going to run the risk Sam being in trouble you getting in trouble or me getting in trouble mainly Sam Yeah, I want you to get Unfortunately and a Trey young Damon Lillard dual auto six to seven that's great Great five boxes dame time very nice congrats on that buddy. I'll do for your break there my friend. Thanks again, Benjamin Get him right out to buddy


Welcome back to learning analytics tools course. In this week, we will discuss predictive analytics. We saw in first week that there are four levels of analytics in learning analytics and we discussed very briefly about descriptive analytics. That is how to represent the pictures, how to represent the data you have. And the last three weeks we saw what is diagnostic analytics. We discussed pattern mining, correlation and some clustering techniques. So, hope you understood how to perform diagnostic analytics. The next step is predictive analytics and that will be the last step of this course. We do not talk about descriptive analytics in this course. So, when we say predictive analytics, which means it will measure what will happen next. Diagnostic analytics is what happened and why it happened. But it is what will happen. If you know diagnostic analytics, you can create a relationship between dependent and independent variable. You can use that relationship to create the future events that is called predictive analytics. So, you can use that relation to predict the future events. So, predictive analytics also subsumes diagnostic analytics, also the descriptive analytics. So, always remember the first step is doing the descriptive analytics, looking at the figure, checking the outliers, there is a relationship from the plot, if it is possible. You know, if you have more than say 10 variables, it is not easy to plot, you can get the sense of each variable data and this relationship, but you would not get a complete picture. Then you can see the correlation matrix, is there any relationship or you can see any equations there. Then you go for the predictive, create a model which can predict what will happen next. So, predictive analytics is to understand what might happen next. And this is based on the historical figure of data is needed. So, in order to predict what will happen next, we need historical data to train the system, also test the system, right. And it involves a descriptive and diagnostic analytics like we showed in the previous slide. And which means we have to describe the data, identify the patterns from the data or identify the correlation relations from the data, then extend the pattern, whatever you identify the relation, extend it to the future events. So, that is the idea of predictive analytics. So, it analyses the current and historical data to predict the future events. Like if you are teaching in a class in this year, you might use the data from this year students, also the previous year students in order to predict the final exam score, because you do not have the exam score of this year students because they are currently studying. Also, we will use machine learning and data mining tools to create the predictive analytics models. So, for example, other than an education domain, this has been used widely for other predictions, fraud deduction in credit card or loans, anti-spammers in email, you get the mails classified as spam or not spam, everything is use of predictive analytics. There are few example domains here. One is finance. In finance, it is to predict the credit card risk or loan risk. In health sector, in order to understand the insurers predicting whether insurance will get sick zone or not, so that we can ask for more premium. And in telecom sector, it is to predict which user will drop out or which user can go for the higher package, something like that. Also, other than these domains, which is used in many of the domains, this is the main part of machine learning or this is where the machine learning predictive analytics has been used in all other domains. So, we discussed that predictive analytics require an historical data to predict the future events. Let us talk about educational domain, educational contest. Do we need historical data of a same learner or can we use data from other learners? Can you think of that? Also, if you can use the data from other learners, what are the restrictions? So, we said that we need historical data to predict so that we can predict the future events. So, what is historical data? Is historical data of a same user or other users? Think about it. After you write down your answers, we assume to continue. We may not able to collect enough data from the same learner to predict the future events. You know, the learner would have joined newly in the first year of the college or the learner is the first time interacting with your intelligent tutoring system. You might have created a system to teach you one specific topic. You will not get the same learners interaction system. But you can use the similar learners from the previous study or previous years of data. So, what is the previous learner should have? There should be similarity, what is the similarity is basically? They should be same domain. If you are collecting students data in class say mathematics of second year students, you have to collect the last 2 years or last 3 years students who have done a mathematics in second year, similar domain or similar environment interaction be given, it should be classroom environment. The same kind of teaching strategy has been used or you are introducing a new teaching strategy that is a variable one. But you are using everything else is same like a classroom and students pre and post test or the ability everything is same, should make sure that is same by some statistical measures. Also the interaction time, it is not that in one year student interacted with the system only for 30 minutes and next year you are collecting data and want to predict where the student is interacting more than say one hour. So, make sure you have same domain, similar type of interactions, similar interaction time with the system. So, that that kind of data can be used to predict the future events. And also the data collection should be similar, it is not that you are collecting extra data from the previous to this year. But however, if your research question is valid, you want to collect new data to prove something extra, it is allowed. So, what I mean here is if you want to use the historical data, please make sure that you have a similar domain, similar setup of study and a similar data collected. In example, for intelligent tutoring systems, we might create a system to teach a concept say Newton's law. And I have some method to teach it and I also have a set of assessment questions to assess the students. So, I created a system to teach Newton's law to say class 8 students. Or now we collect data from say 100 students in a one school. And the students are interacting with the system, you collected the data, you are not doing any prediction of there because that is a new system. So, pilot study or it is a first study you are doing. You collected a system and you are going to establish whether the Newton's law system which you created as a learning gain, compared to pre-test and post-test, whether student learned due to your system, your intervention, compared to a normal intervention like classroom education or some internet. Then you establish that the system is good. Now, you want to say, you want to create a predictive models to predict which user will struggle, can you provide more hints on the user, something like that. In order to do that, use this 100 data and the students data. And you are trying to create a model to predict the interaction, whether user will get the mark in assessment questions, whether user can understand the concept, all these things you are trying to predict. So, when we go for the next set of study, we have to make sure the users are similar pre-test level, run a statistical significance test to test whether these two users have the similar pre-year knowledge. If their prior knowledge is same, then you check the interaction time. If you use one hour, they should also use one hour and you do not introduce any new element here, everything you make sure, then you conduct a study to test whether your system works or not. By running multiple studies like that, you can say that your system can predict the students interaction and that can be useful for the providing recommendations. It is not that within 30 students first study, it will be can provide hint and recommendation, that may be from the hypothesis you have, it is not from the data. That is what I want to establish in this particular activity. So, predictive learning analytics is also varied based on the stakeholders. For example, learners, this will be helpful for feedback and suggestions to avoid failure in the learning goal. For a teacher, it will be in the dashboard for like all learners performance vary and can also help teacher that which learner having struggle or so whether the lot of students in the class are not able to understand particular concepts. So, teacher can use that data to revise the teaching strategy, all these things possible. Also in a content developers of field learning systems, they can use these predictive analytics to provide recommendations, hints or adaptive content on that. In this video, we discussed what is predictive analytics and what is the importance of historical data. Thank you.


Now, the Oshiba Joe Solidarity Group, OSG, says it is not against the national leader of the all-progressive Congress contesting the presidency in 2023. Speaking to reporters, shortly after constituting the Rabah State chapter of the group, its national coordinator, Sagir Me Iyali, said Tunibu's integrity and capability to rule Nigeria is unquestionable, but that the purpose of calling on Vice President Oshiba Joe to contest is because he is in the better position to lead the nation to the promised land and for him to continue with the Buhari legacy in which he played a prominent part. Details here. Following the pronouncement of the national leader of the all-progressive Congress, Ahmed Bolehtinobu, to contest as the president in 2023, many aspirants have shown interest. In this hall are the supporters of Vice President Yemi Oshiba Joe, urging him to fight for the post. The national coordinator of the group clears the air that Oshiba Joe's presidential ambition will not raise bad blood into Nobu's political denacity to which Oshiba Joe belongs. And somebody that has the Nigerians at heart don't understand because the call is too much. People are calling from all angles, all about the country. Like now, look at me now. I am Housa, I am from Kano, but I'm calling somebody that is Yoruba. He's a Christian to come actually run to contest because I believe he can do the work.  So this is the reason why. And for Asuadju, Asuadju, he is our boss. He explained why the group is calling on Vice President Oshiba Joe for the number one citizen. So like we said, why we are here for Oshiba Joe is because we believe we need continuity in this, our country. Because continuity is real. This man, he's a man that knows what is happening in the government because he's part of the system. Most of the systems he has hand in it. Most of it, he's even going to actually initiate the programs and the programs actually going well. So we don't want the good work the President is doing, the President is doing. We don't want the situation whereby another government will come. They will now actually abandon the projects actually by trying to bring their own. The North East coordinator of the group and the state coordinator pledged to ensure the actualization of Oshiba Joe becoming the president. As you are here, you can even witness the development is going very, very fast. So seriously, we are getting a lot of achievement in this movement. So we invited only, I think, 16 people from the still local government. If you can see, there are over 100 plus people here. This is a sign and a symptoms of development in any movement. I assure you, if you want to say something to Oshiba Joe, say it directly to me. He will hear it. Vice President of Oshiba Joe is here to declare his intention despite pressure on him from various quarters. Hello. Hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


The review discusses the current state of knowledge about botanical medicines, specifically focusing on their safety, efficacy, quality control, marketing and regulatory aspects. Phytotherapeutic agents are standardized herbal preparations that contain active ingredients from plants. The worldwide phytotherapeutic market has grown significantly in recent years, attracting the interest of pharmaceutical companies. However, insufficient data exist for most plants to ensure their quality, efficacy and safety. Plants can be toxic and adverse effects of phytotherapeutic agents have been confirmed through clinical trials. Several regulatory models are currently available, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter substances, traditional medicines and dietary supplements. The general tendency is to perpetuate the German Commission-e experience, which combines scientific studies and traditional knowledge. Biotechnological studies and genetic improvement of medicinal plants offer great advantages by providing uniform and high-quality raw materials that are essential for the efficacy and safety of herbal drugs. This article was authored by J.B. Calixto. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Hi there, I'm Sandy Olnok, artist and paper crafter here on YouTube and I'm going to make some layered succulents in a color pencil tutorial today. And I'm going to be using a really cute stamp set from Darcy's. And look at these cute, cute, cute little succulents and the sentiments in there. They always come up with such funny ones. So I thought this would be a really fun one to do some stuff with. And I thought I'd also show you a little bit about layering because a lot of my color pencil followers don't watch my Copic videos, so I've been told. And I'm going to show you how to make one of the stamps look like it's behind the other. Really simple to do. I've got it in my MISTI, I've stamped out the ones that are in the front and then this is the stamp that's going to be in the back. So I've stamped the one on the right onto a sticky note, cut it out and then I can stamp this guy and I'm masking out the stamp that's on the right hand side.  How cute is that to make for a little card? With the MISTI, the cool thing is if it didn't come out dark enough because it didn't match how dark the first stamp came out, I can replace my masks and I recommend not moving your paper even though they say you can put the paper back. Mine never quite goes back the same way. And then just re-stamp it. And now they both match, beautifully. So I'm going to use some colored pencils, these are Prisma color pencils. The numbers are in the upper left corner. And what I've done is stamped the image a couple times because I'm going to do some layering. And the only one that I really need to do the nice coloring for is the top of this plant on the left. So I'm going to do some nice blending with a yellowish green at the top and then a little darker green on the inside and then a deeper green to shade with. Something like this, the shading would go on the inside at the bottom of each one of those strands of, I don't know, are they called leaves when they're on succulents? Or is that the flower petals? Is it one big flower or is it a leaf? I don't really know. Whatever it is, put your shading way on the inside of it. And I'm going to throw a little bit of color on all the other areas for a specific reason. And I'm just going to do it around the outside edges for the most part. These are kind of the colors that I plan on using on the layered pieces. But if you turn the card a little bit sideways, I want to make sure that you see a little bit of color underneath. I don't want there to be a weird black and white gap underneath. So I'm just putting some color around the outside edges of this image.  And since these are fairly simple shapes to cut out, I thought this would be great for this technique. And notice that the one that I didn't cut out is that one with the spikies. That would be hard to hand cut. So I would recommend not doing that one. And I'm going to fussy cut each one of them. But I'm going to take this top part off of the one that I'm coloring now that I'm using a couple of different teal colors to create the shading, getting darker and darker toward the inside on each one of my little petals or leaves or whatever we've decided they're called.  So you kind of have to think a little bit when you're doing a card like this to plan out how many layers you want and which parts are going to layer the best and how you're going to cut them out on top of each other. And you'll see how that plays out when I get to that portion. But I'm going to get on my coloring done here first. You could also use some Gamsol or baby oil to do some magic color pencil techniques on this to make your blending really nice. But I'm just going to let the pencil show because I like the texture of the pencil. The this one, I'm going to end up cutting out potentially a little bit of that top section. So I just put a little bit of that teal color for the plant so it doesn't show underneath, you know, like you don't see anything underneath. And I'm going to do my whole coloring of the pot itself. And there's a lot of different ways you could do these pots. You could even color them with fun patterns on them and stuff. And that would be an interesting way to go. But I'm just going to use a solid kind of terracotta color on one of them on this one and then add some shading using a darker color when I'm all finished. But I'm kind of going in there with a very sharp pencil to fill in all the different sections of it.  And if you have a really sharp pencil, you can fill all that in and it can be pretty smooth just using your pencils themselves. You know, add a little bit of shading to both sides and then a little bit under the lip of the pot and under the lip of where that that plant is going to be, as well as the the little rope that's around at the little twine, or yes, you would call it. And then I'll have two different colors on my twine. And then I'll be ready to move on to the other one. So this pot, I thought I'd make it more of a reddish color. Just use a different color for the pot. I could have used the same color, but since they're going to be kind of one in front of the other, I thought it might help to have them be a little bit different than each other. And notice that if you're going to be coloring and cutting them out the way I am, you could actually just color right outside. I was considering scribbling all over it, but I thought, no, this is going to be on YouTube.  I suppose I could have, but somebody might not forgive me. Somebody will give a thumbs down just because I scribbled outside the lines. And so I'm going to finish coloring in this one and add a little bit more shading as well with the same dark brown color. And that'll just give me a little bit of dimension around it, but not too worried about a ton of it. And next, I will fill in the twine as well. The twine, notice that I will be using the same two colors that I've used in a bunch of the plants above. And that's going to bring some harmony to the whole thing. And that's going to help to unify the whole image. So you can use two of the colors from one of the plants on the other twine. You can use them on matchy matches. So you make them all using the same ones, a lot of different ways you could approach it. But I'm just using those colors so that I end up with the same same colors at least carried across the card. Now, for my adhesive, I'm using these power tabs. They're very, very thin profile. So you can make a couple layers with them without adding a huge amount to your card itself. And I've trimmed them out. So I'm going to do the pot first on this left one. So now it's going to have one layer in front with the the greens down below it. So that's going to look like the greens are in the back. And then I've cut this one out and put I have put, if I can speak, two of the power tabs on it. But I've cut the top. I didn't want to fussy cut that thing twice. I thought that would be silly. So I just cut a little shape around it so that it will have something underneath of it to glue the top to. You could just cut it off entirely, but then you'd have to put double adhesive or something to make it pop forward. So I'm putting my adhesive then sticking it right onto that little nub that I cut. And then I didn't have to fussy cut that whole thing again. But then I end up with these really cool layers on my card and I get this really cool dimension. And it's really not very thick when you're looking at it in general. So the post office shouldn't even get too mad. As long as you don't use more than like two layers of this, then it's usually pretty good going through the post office without costing extra mula. And I've added it onto a trimmed my panel out with a dotted die with a little stitching around it to make it a little bit more interesting. And then plopped it onto a white card. So I hope you enjoyed this video. If you did, click that like button and all the supplies, as always, are listed in the description down below, as well as over on my blog. Pinnable images are there so you can remember what you saw. And I will see you guys later. Have a great day. Bye bye.


Researchers with the U.S. Forest Service are attempting to bring back the American Elm through a study in the Chippewa National Forest. As Mal Meyer reports near Big Fork, the site will hopefully produce seeds that are resistant to Dutch Elm disease that decimated the iconic American tree. Since the disease was introduced in the 1930s, the number of American Elms was quickly decimated. Chippewa National Forest staff worry that if emerald ash borer beetles made their way to the area, it would kill off the ash trees that have since replaced the Elm. Without trees present, that site will just flood and will probably get grass and shrubs there on those sites. They met with the team from Ohio to answer the question, if we lose the ash, what can we get onto the forest that will provide the ecosystem services that the forest is looking for? They came back to the Elm. By crossing seeds from known disease resistant trees and species able to tolerate the cold, they're looking to create a durable cross breed. After years of cultivation on three different plots, the trees are ready to be put to the test. They've finally reached a stage where they're robust enough to get tested out for Dutch Elm disease tolerance. They've injected the trees with fungal spores in order to see if they're able to survive once again. An exciting what if for these researchers. Even if the ash borer never does arrive, re-historing the Elm on the forest is definitely going to have a lot of benefits. By diversifying the forests, either wetland forests or upland forests, we'll be able to add that component back into the mix. The research team will be back here in eight weeks to check on their results. In the Chippewa National Forest, I'm Mel Meyer, Lakeland News. If any survive the test, they'll be able to grow the seeds into seedlings or plant them directly into the national forest. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


We are dealing with an open API that's going to have 22 districts and in each district there's a constituency, sub counties and thereby we go to parishes, then we'll go all the way down till we get to the villages that we do have. Now this can be quickly be shared by having what will be having our custom post type that has a village and this village is classified and a district and the district is classified and a sub county and then we'll have a sub county then a parish and the sub parish which eventually gives us a village. So at the end of the day we'll be able to expose districts, counties alone and we can separate the concern by having this but WordPress by default gives us this possibility to categorize the different things that we're going to be working with. So I'll quickly jump into our editor and we're going to be using our taxonomy, we're going to start afresh from here if we reload. So we have a new village and we are now ready to add a taxonomy so I'm going to go to if you look up this functionality of a registered taxonomy on the codex of WordPress you'll find that you have all the information that's needed here for you to understand what it's all about. So you'll find out the different post types that are registered by WordPress by default, the levels that are needed. We are going to look at the example that we are given of how to register a taxonomy and I'll just copy all this code and place it here then I'll explain what it's all about. Then I'll just move this add function to the bottom here so that the PHP will read the add action after having processed this functionality. So we have a function here which we shall call create village taxonomy and basically what's happening is whenever we're going to WordPress and initialize it we run this function called create village taxonomy. What it will do is that it will register taxonomy whose name is a district and it's attached to a custom post type called villagers and then it has a label meaning that its name will be district and a slag of district. So when I save this I'm able to actually go into my village and refresh and we'll see that we have a new district here. And previously I had set some districts in here like Gulu and Kampala, that's why you're seeing this information showing up here. And if actually you can attach a number of other categories like you see how we have this, I'll just open this up for our preview. But if we decided to say that we're going to change this to be attached to the post type, if we reload our post type we'll see that we have the district categorization here and it's no longer with our villagers but it's attached to the post. So that's why the particular custom post type name is very important. So for us to create all the other categorizations that we do need we're just going to copy this over and then we'll change what needs to be. So we're going to change the district and then we're going to change this to county. I'll just put this in our case and then I'll have this particular label in up the case. So these marks that we see here help us change languages. Let's say we've written this in English and then we can actually internationalize it to French or German by using these marks here. You can read about them in I-18N in the word press codex and then we're going to go for these other ones. We have our five taxonomies that are registered if we reload right here. So in our custom post type we find we have the district, county, sub-county, parishes and sub-parish ready for us. And if you look here on the side you will see that these are available. So what I'm going to do is I can actually drag them in order so that when someone is feeding in the information they are not lost. So I'll just move this down to just above parish. Then I can always send the publish up up or at the bottom so that someone only clicks publish after they are filled in this information. So I'll just move the sub-county also up so that it is in position when someone is inputting all that information. So we are ready to start taking in our information and we are ready to actually push it at our front end or we can be now ready to push it to our custom endpoint. Anyone of us can actually put information in this so I'll be looking forward to adding that. So by now you should have realized that we have the same thing that is that is repetitively coming up. So what I'm going to do is try to refactor all this code so that we have something that's a little neat. So I'm going to save our taxonomies in a variable called tax and then I'll create an array of this. So in our array we are going to have our names that we do want. So we want to have a district then we want to have a county. We want to have a sub-county then we want to have a parish. Those are the five pieces that we do need. So what I'm going to do here I'm going to wrap them under a four each loop. And I'll say for each tax as a taxonomy I'm going to look over and say register one taxonomy. So I'm just going to get one of these and then I'll get rid of all the others.  Then I'll also just register this as taxonomy and allow for space. Of course internationalization only allows directly added values. So once we are done with this we're going to go and reload in our browser and when we reload in our browser we actually find that we don't have any issues in our particular categories using the taxonomies. Apart from having this in lower case and then we have an underscore. So I would like to have both words in upper case. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to use a PHP functionality which is called a string replace. And basically it's going to search our taxonomy that we've stored in the variable. And it requires three arguments. So the first argument is what you're looking to replace which is underscore. And then what we'll replace is with a space. So I'll put a space here and finally the string where we want this to be done. So if I save this and just go back and review we'll see that that string we have that space coming in and longer have the underscore coming in. But when we look at the bottom of right here at the bottom we'll see when we look at that URL we'll find that the taxonomy part has its underscore. However the label here is clean. So what we need to do is also make it uppercase. So what we're going to do is use also again PHP function uppercase. This one will get the first letter of the word and we'll make it into uppercase. So we have this all coming out on reload. But we still need both of them. So what I'll do is instead of use uppercase you see first our user you see words which will get the first letter of each word and then make it uppercase. So we have what we wanted actually in here. So the only thing that now is still probably a pain point is that when we go in the districts or in the counter itself we see this is changing well. But however this word category is still here. We still have parent category. We still have categories in here which can be a bit confusing for the people entering our data. So we're going to go to our custom post types because the labels that are needed are similar. So we'll just pick the labels and we're going to come and drop them in our for each loop. The next thing that we're going to do is we're going to pick our label that we had worked out very well and we're going to start it into a variable with the name of name and then we'll just terminate that. And what we'll do next is replace all our plural name variables with a variable of name and then also get all the singular name variables and also turn them into name. So we're going to change our label also into labels and when we refresh and reload the page we see that we have an error. We're receiving an array of information and yet this particular label only accept only one item. However if we want it to be an array we'd have to change this to labels. So on reload we realize that everything is fine we have counting the places it should be apart from the parent category. So what we need to do is change that when we go back into our code we realize that it should be parent item instead of parent. So when we save that and refresh and reload we'll see that parent count is actually our new label. This is what we needed to have all our taxonomies ready so we're going to be able to put our information in our villages and then we'll start querying it and then sending it onto our API endpoint. If you like this video please give it a thumbs up or if you haven't subscribed to the channel please subscribe so that you don't miss any updates that will be coming on this channel. We shall be doing more work and we shall be able to open sourcing this particular project for any person to use. Thank you for watching. Bye bye.


Pratik is of course well-known, the founder of ALT News. Pratik, what led you to start ALT News and you've been focusing largely on fake news. So why, what was the inspiration to start this and what led you to pick this as the main focus? So at my individual level, I run another page called Truth of Gujarat and at my individual level I've been doing a little bit of fake news busting right since 2013. You know, this is photoshopped, this is not photoshopped. But unfortunately what happens in Facebook is that it is very difficult to get across the ideological divide. The people who sort of agree with you at an ideological level, they tend to like your posts more. Those who do not agree with you at an ideological level, they probably agree with you but they wouldn't sort of physically like the post.  That is how the Facebook algorithm works. So we were doing a lot of work, me and the other co-founder is the admin of unofficial Subramaniam Swami. So both of us and his page is, you know, he does a lot more than I do. So we were doing stuff but unfortunately there was no impact that was being made. So at some point in time we decided, you know, this was around September 2016 that we decided that we need to sort of create a platform of our own. And the other factor was that I had just walked 10 days from Amdabad to Oona from August 5th to August 15th for the, you know, because four Dalit boys were flogged in Oona and then there was a march that was taken out and I had documented the entire journey on Truth of Gujarat. So, and I realized that, you know, there's no, you know, there was only one representative from mainstream media there. And this march was an iconic march, you know, in Gujarat. We have only 7% Dalit population.  So, you know, on day five we were in a place called Botad and there was like a sea of people out there.   So, in September 2016 we came up with the first draft document. The first bullet point was, you know, bust fake news. The second bullet point was reportage on people's issues.  So, sorry, reportage on people's issues. So, we started with fake news. Well, what is the experience that you now have with fake news? And why do you think fake news has become so, what shall we say? I would not say it's very popular, but definitely a very big menace in the digital media particularly because that's where it seems to have had the maximum traction. Yeah. So, I think it is also one of the reasons is, you know, in the last one and a half years as a telecom war, you know, the prices have dropped, especially with the arrival of Jio. Now, you know, a lot of people, a lot of, many parts of India are using a lot of mobile data. According to statistics, in June 2016, we were using 200 million GBPS per month as a country. In March 2017, we are using 1.3 billion GBPS per month. So, that is a six and a half fold increase in just a space of nine months. Another set of statistics which says that, and these are 2016 statistics which says that year on year, rural internet subscribers are increasing by 22 percent, while urban internet subscribers are increasing by 7 percent.  So, you know, we see internet as it is, you know, as it has been designed to, you know, to provide a variety of services.   So, but the rural India especially, you know, when the window to the world of internet is just a WhatsApp inbox and they have no history, you know, they are not aware of their history, they tend to fall for fake news much more and which is why what we have seen recently, let's say in Jharkhand where seven people were lynched purely based on a WhatsApp rumor, you know, that WhatsApp rumor probably went in a lot of places, but it is the rural part of Jharkhand which picked it up and acted on it. Secondly, we saw recently in Boshir Hath and West Bengal where morphed image of Kabash Sharif, you know, led to riots. Now again, morphed images are very commonplace, but it was sort of a minority dominated, probably, you know, not economically well-to-do area, which, you know, which actually came out in streets and led to a riotous situation that probably wouldn't have happened had the morphed image, you know, sort of circulated, let's say, Calcutta urban area. So, so this 22% is a very, you know, very important number because that is the percentage where there are a lot of first time internet users. There's no internet literacy whatsoever. I'm not saying this in a negative way. I'm saying it in a factual way that, you know, there's no internet literacy whatsoever. So, and this is going to increase, you know, the consumption of mobile data is going to increase and the number of internet subscribers, first time internet users are going to increase. So, which is going to sort of, you know, this fake news, the phenomenon of fake news is going to keep increasing unless certain steps are taken by a collaboration of organizations. Now, you know, there are two parts to this, and I'm going to ask this question successively. One is, of course, pending an election, say, proximity of an election. There seems to be more organized effort to send this WhatsApp groups and some of them with incendiary messaging, as we saw in the Muzafarnagar riots, which were precursor to the UP elections. There were conscious attempt to circulate images, news, etc., which could lead to increase of communal tensions. And do you think that this is something which has been also a much older tactic of certain political sections, namely the right, actually, in India, when we was to say the rumor mongering to create communal riots and communal tension was something which even various judicial commissions earlier have held RSS, a carder or activist responsible for, that they seem to have a stake in increasing communal tensions. I'm not going to say others have played no role. They have, but various judicial commissions at different points of time have pointed out the role of communal organizations which have played this role. Do you think this is an important reason why this has become more of a threat today? Not just during elections, different political developments. For example, when mainstream media highlighted the clash between the left and right in Kerala, boom comes a fake video which claims that a member of RSS is being beheaded by a member of left. And then all news published a story and that video was actually from, I think it was from Brazil. Then after Pehlukhan was murdered by, you know, was lynched in Alwar, just a few days after that, and this issue became a huge thing in the parliament, boom comes a video which says that, you know, all the MPs, MLAs are crying for Pehlukhan, but nobody is going to cry for this Hindu man who was murdered in West Bengal. It was an 11 second clip and we sort of traced it to some place in Bangladesh where somebody who was accused of a murder was in turn murdered. So, you know, for every important political event is almost invariably, you know, where the right wing is sort of put on the back foot, invariably there comes a fake video or a fake message and the danger is, so the recent phenomenon.  Now, a fake news came, a fake video came that a BJP MLA who went there to sort of, you know, take sides with Gurpreet was beaten up and we looked that up and we saw that it was being circulated in Congress circles and this was a 6 year old video where a Samajwadi party leader was beaten up in front of the assembly in UP. So, what this says is that, you know, now the other parties are picking up, you know, that, okay, these guys are operating via the mode of fake news. You know, there's one political section which is greatly benefiting by using this fake videos to create a narrative. Now, the other political parties will be forced to do that because there is no, because there's no, no one is putting a stop to this. So, other political parties are forced to do that to create their own narrative. So, we are sort of getting into a situation in near future where every political party will be forced to, you know, create their own set of fake news to stay relevant and, you know, that is the formation of a banana democracy.


Hi, it's Angela. I'm going to show you how to create a PD class for your teachers. It's a great way for them to play around as a student and really get comfortable using CESA. So in the upper left, you'll sign into CESA, then tap your profile icon, and then you're just going to choose Create New Class. Keep in mind, if you are using the paid version of CESA, CESA for schools, you are going to want to create a new class with an email that is not your school email address. So I'm going to go ahead and tap Create New Class. I'm just going to call this PD session. I'm going to choose fourth grade because then the class will actually populate with number icons that will match my signing cards that are going to hand out at the session. So I'm going to tap the green check. Then in the bottom right, I want to add my students. So I'm going to tap students, and we're not using email sign-in for this PD session. So I'm going to say no. I'm also going to then choose share devices, choose paste a list of student names. And if you know the attendees coming to your session, go ahead and type their names in. Otherwise, we have this handy document ready for you to actually just copy and paste some student numbers in. So I'm going to go ahead and paste that in right now. I'm going to tap the green check. Long list of student slots available. I'm going to tap the green check again. And now it is creating my class. Notice in the bottom right, I can print my student sign-in poster. You will want to have this for your session so your teachers can actually access your CSOP PD class. So you'll just print out this third page, have that available in your session. I'm going to X out of that for now. Also note here is a class code. When you are live during the session, you can also display that if it's easier for people to sign in that way as well. I'm going to X out here. And then you can see my class is all ready to go. All set for your students to play around in CSOP. So, that's it. I hope you enjoyed this class. See you next time. Bye.