Finally got one. Oh, it feels good too. Oh, it's a big one Welcome back to the channel everybody We're here at my nemesis lake Ray Roberts Place where I've probably caught a total of five or six bass But there's a lot of other species in this lake in a summer. There's white bass. There's crappie Maybe even some catfish. I really want to try to figure out all of them. So let's get out on the water Let's get to dangling and to help one of the fellow boaters out at the boat ramp here today You know, everybody has issues especially early summer You know, I forgot to put my plug in this morning. So it could be you always help the person Because when it comes time or you need help Somebody else is gonna be there for you. That's how karma works. So here's what I'm thinking Here today. This is a huge body water I've been trying to break down little sections at a time and figure some things out I know the the bass are mostly offshore right now. There's tons of trees in this lake we're gonna start off for bass trying to catch some of those up in the shallows and Probably try to use the electronics to find some deeper fish as we go along and then I've got a few crappie rods We're gonna try to get in some some standing timber Try to catch some crappie as well. But today's a big day. You may notice. I am not holding the camera right now It's because there's a tall bearded man behind the camera holding the camera. I know a lot of you are asking about the editor and slash baby camera guy position will Somebody on it right now. So Like to welcome Collin to the team here. I live G outdoors And it's time to roll gonna have a good time today Don't forget your funny hat. It's gonna be a scorcher. Got one Thank a little bass. It's like a spotted bass. This is a spotted bass Doing up here boy first fish of the day Hey, that's ahead of schedule for my Ray Roberts history. Normally I You know about one every Every eight hours a little spotted bass Everybody wondering what's the difference between a spotted bass and a largemouth bass There and spotted bass are normally really aggressive Usually in schools together sometimes they're alone, but you can see these little stripes right here They have these little stripes really defined that lateral line that goes down that bar It's pretty defined if you feel their tongue. I've got a little patch of roughness feels like sandpaper That's how you tell We have them in Texas and they're not very big like the biggest one. I've ever caught is three pounds here But I've caught them over five pounds in some other states like Alabama on the Cusa River and other places that have Really really big really fat spotted bass. We just don't have them here in Texas. Oh Little oh we came off a little tooter Well that second fish I had on back there I think it was another spotted bass too So there's some small spotted bass roaming around that point I'm not ready to give up on bass yet. I want to explore some more things. There's a lot of points tank dams some offshore stuff I don't think we're gonna be on a shallow top water bite here this morning I think we've missed that but I do want to try a little bit more cranking and Maybe do a little bit of flipping and some of that brush and also just island around some of these deep point areas And see if there's anything out there. I noticed a large group of boats out in the middle That usually means good groups of white bass are out here as well So there's a lot more to explore on this thing I can fish this this lake for 10 years and really not ever you know get on the juice That's how big it is and how how fast it is and it's got a lot of fishable water, which is great We're here to dial it in on everything anything you got Two lakes that are my name is Lake Conroe This one right here Lake Ray Robbins. I'm trying trying to figure this puppy out. Let's go get get some more bass Gonna grab my jig Pitching into these trees I don't know if there's anything living in here. I want to explore a little bit Gotta see more of this lake. We just came over some Some foundation like some old I guess house foundations out here on the point not too far from where we were cranking And I started seeing fish out here pretty deep about 28 feet of water So I've got a drop shot right now. I've got one of our our lunker logs drip rigged on a drop shot trying to get these fish that are Directly under the boat. What's also good. There's a there's another boat over here Normally, I would be a little bit more, you know upset about the situation of like someone just coming in and Hopping right next to me and throwing at the spot that because I know nothing I'm like I'm literally watching them going Okay, I'm gonna see if they're gonna catch fish right here what they're using I'm getting an education right here. So I don't mind it at all but We're seeing fish that are sticking under the boat. I Could see them in my real-time sonar window and They're directly behind or right next to some hard cover out here in deep water So it makes me think they have to be large mouth There's a chance it could be white bass I'll break out a spoon here in a minute, but right now we're getting some really good reeds just below the boat I just want to know what you are We've abandoned our shallow water cranking I'm not gonna do any flipping up there So much brush. It is just a jungle and a lot of it is deep underwater what I've noticed a lot of the boat activity and Just the graph activity in general is out deep like close to 30 feet of water And I'm gonna try fishing some of these offshore points things I can see on the on the graph and I've been going out there and marking bait and Just found some bass that are off of a point. It is time for the first time this year For me to get out that summertime ball and chain Carolina rig It's one of the classic deep water fishing techniques. It's just easy to keep your bait on the bottom So what I'm gonna do is they would take a one ounce Tonks and weight thread that on Go to a swivel barrel swivel and then you tie a knot on that That's the first knot Just tie a little 15 pound Guggen fluoro on the main line Cut that Really simple.  I'm also using 15 pound Guggen squad fluoro carbon right here. I usually like to get about Two to two and a half foot for a Carolina rig so tie your next knot Another uni knot on the other side of that barrel swivel and the reason that I'm Wanting to go to this Carolina rigs because I saw a lot of the fish really close to the bottom But this is a a four-ot hammer hook That you can get at shopcarls.com these fit our Trinch hogs Mondo worms cracking craws Bandito bugs the four and five oz fit really well the fours are for your smaller baits craws Bugs things like that and then this five-ot Really fits our Mondo worm and the trench hog really good This is a great summertime off-shore fishing bait. It's got a lot of appendages Those long kicking legs just big profile fish like big profiles post spawn summer As a general rule go bigger baits Post spawn smaller baits during the springtime Want to rig that up Texas Texas rig style? Where that hook just sits right on top of the bait and then we have these ribs on all of our Guggen baits You just kind of skin hook into one and that'll prevent it from popping out into some cover And then here's the most advantageous part of this whole situation this season We wanted to come up with another LFG series Rod in the big sexy line favorite and we came out with an eight foot Rod it's an eight foot medium heavy rod and it's a fast action. What this means is You're going to Fling Your baits out there with an eight foot you're getting so much leverage If you've ever tried to cast a Carolina rig, you've got like two and a half foot three foot of leader Almost impossible with a six and a half seven foot rod you get up to seven two seven three seven four seven five Gets a little easier eight foot makes it very easy. So this is the rod.  So Here we go. Hopefully we got a mind of a hook set with this big eight foot rod Just now it has water. I hope there's a bite Dang it. Give me the old tap tap. So at this point I've completely switched sides of the lake and I'm dragging some rocks I'm going to drag some rocks as soon as I get a little deer sausage Out deep about 20 to 25 feet of water Tried the shallows tried all that the typical stuff this lake y'all to me It just it hates me. It is my nemesis. I'm gonna figure it out And I hope you enjoy the journey of these times where I'm not catching them because one day I'm gonna I'm gonna slay out here, but someone is on the water right now He's been up to the Guggen HQ Got him hooked up on some trench hogs, and he's already caught some five six pounders They're slaying out here today somewhere on the water right now. It is going off It's just not in this boat No, at least the deer sausage is good. Give me that Danieler. This is really the complete opposite of Fishing deep look who I found White bass finally found some fish. It was literally going in.  I'm Kevin Costner on tunes jet skis theaters This fish freaks out switch it up switch it up to a Mando worm Try to get in there and not Just jab my Carolina rig weight into the cupboard that one It tapped it and then I was waiting for him and then he pulled off with it. That was my fault Got something something's happening out here right now. There's a 32 33 pound sack being caught Somewhere in deep water. I know this Because there's pictures being sent it That one could have been a bluegill still got me excited though Finally got one. Oh, it feels good to oh, it's a big one. Oh, it's not that big, but it's a nice fish Feels good These are good good ones out here.  I'm figuring out some good little hardcover places. That's a nice fish It's not a giant six seven eight pounders, but it's it's a nice three and a half three and three quarters fish Yes I'm literally shaking because I've just been working so hard to try to figure something out And I know the potential out here. That's why I put everything down to go bass fishing today I saw the potential I Wanted to kind of dabble with crappie. I'm just I'm gonna keep fishing this lake until I figure it out Yeah, let's let this guy go. I might get another one. Thank you. I needed you. I needed you so much Back into the deeps Yes, fish came in about 20 feet of water hard bottom Typical summertime deal big worms big creature baits like the Mando worm and trench hog It's good things right now.  That would honestly be a good way to end today's video, but I gotta I gotta explore it a little bit more Okay, I've had a few more cast out here Nothing so far I did find a brush pile and I think that's where I had that other fish break off But we're gonna take it into the HQ right now and then wrap it up I am fueled right now though to come back out out here and explore more of this stuff I'm gonna just gonna dial in on the graph and find a bunch of spots I may not even fish for an entire day just boom boom boom boom boom Start calculate mode and then come back and fish all of these spots hard and figure out the juice See if we got anybody in the store. Alrighty. I was good to meet some of you up here at the HQ today Y'all want to stop by we're up here on two three four five nail road in crumb, Texas And some of us come up here and we work the store every once in a while So you just might get to hang out with us got PB photos We've got special story photos, especially if you've caught your PB or big bass on Guggen Bates We want to see it come up here bring your photos posted on the brag board Make sure to subscribe right here if you want to see more dangling y'all and we're gonna continue into some of this offshore structure Fishing I wanted to get in this little crappie dangled today But I got what soon as I started seeing some of the bass are being caught today and the size I just wanted to dial that in and let me know in the comments If you want to see more of that but right now I got ahead to somewhere tropical We're doing some saltwater fishing something I have not done in a year and a half So I'm excited to get back to a couple saltwater videos and they get back on the bass out deep Thank y'all for tuning in today make sure to subscribe right here So you don't miss a single dangle hit the like button and I'll see y'all


In these practice series, you will find most relevant and appropriate questions which are 100% likely to be asked in the upcoming examinations. So God bless you. Our discussion will be in detail so that not only you just get the proper answer of a particular question but I will try my best to discuss the four options elaborately. This will facilitate you to grasp at least 5 or 6 questions related to one question. In this series, you will find that the type of question selection given to you will be most relevant whether it be your PGT exam, TGT exam or LT grade exam. So let us discuss the nature of the question on its nature and it has a lot of points related to it which will reach you. Here the age of Chaucer and Elizabethan age. You will get some questions from Chaucer age and you will get some questions from Elizabethan age. Let us discuss the first question. The romance of the rose was originally written by. The first question is that romance of the rose, its original title was Roman of the rose. Roman de la rose de la rose. This was the original French title. This is called D and this is called La French article. La, Le and Les. La comes for the feminine, Le comes for the masculine and Les for the les. This comes for the neuter gender. So the rose was considered feminine so the article that was written before it was La. So Roman de la rose, this was the original work in French written by Guillaume de la rose and D mu. Moulrichna, Roman de la rose. This is a French poem and the composer or writer of Guillaume de la rose is written by two people. But this poem was partially translated by Chaucer. Originally the poem was written in French language and Chaucer partially not fully. The fact should be borne in mind that Chaucer did not translate the whole poem but he of course translated partially. Anci Krups was translated in English. So we keep this poem in the French literature of Chaucer in the French period of his career. And in the name of Roman de la rose it contained 3000 lines. Chaucer said that Roman de la rose contains 3000 lines and it is an allegorical poem. Chaucer's French period is written. The whole literary career of Chaucer can be divided into three phases. The first period is French period. In this period Chaucer's originality did not come on surface. The work he wrote, three works he wrote during this period. So those works bear the clear impression of French writers. For example, I have just said that Roman de la rose is translated in English. Chaucer translated in 3000 lines. It is an allegorical poem. And in this he talks about female sexuality. Deals with female sexuality. Okay Ray, as far as Flabbert is concerned, then of course she is also a French writer. If we talk about Mopasha, then Mopasha was a great story writer of French literature, French language. Emile Jola was a naturalist. Emile Jola was a writer of French literature. And he was a writer of French literature. And Galaam de la lores and G.D. Mew are the writers of Roman de la rose. All right dear, now let us move on to the next question. Next question. Chainson de Roland. Chainson de Roland. This is a great poem. In fact, Chainson de Roland is a French epic. French epic. French epic. Chainson is the meaning of D. And Roland is the meaning of Nayak. So this is a French epic, but it is a primary epic. And Chainson de Roland is also called the national epic of France. National epic of France. France's national epic. But this epic was written in the 11th century. 11th century. And the writer of this epic is Mahaka Bekar. I don't know. Who wrote this epic? I haven't got any information about it yet. But this is the 11th century. And there was a war in France. We call it the Battle of Roan. Related to the Battle of Roan Shero. And this was in the 8th century, in the 8th century. And the great Nayak of this war was Roland. So the Chainson de Roland of the life of Roland. Which we can also say in English. Sangh of Roland. So Chainson de Roland is famous epic of French literature. And I told you that Chainson de Roland is the primary epic. Who is the writer? I haven't got any information about it yet. This is Mahaka Bekar of the 11th century. And the word of the war in this is your Battle of Roan Shero. And if you have EAU, then it is read in French. Battle of Roan Shero. As far as we are not written in Latin. It is not in German. The Mahaka Be in German is Nebelen Generalit. This is the national epic of Germany. And if we talk about the English Mahaka Be. So the secondary epic was written by Milton. Paradise Last. And the Latin Mahaka Be was written by Virgil Enid. Okay. So the option of our first and second question was written in French. It was written in French language. Let's move on to the next question. In Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. Which Tales with two young Thibian Warrior? This is the first story of Canterbury Tales. You must know it. Knight's Tale. Which tale? Knight's Tale. The first story of Canterbury Tale is told by Knight. The story of Knight. So keep an eye on one more thing. Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. That was based on Boccasio's Decameran. And who is Boccasio? He is a great fictionist of Italy. Boccasio is the patriarch of Italian Literature. Boccasio is the patriarch of Italian Literature. And he says, These trees are called the Fountain Heads of Italian Literature. Italian language or Italian language. The people of Italy are considered by these three people. Okay. The people of Italy are called the Fountain Heads. They are called the Petrarch and Boccasio. So Boccasio's famous story is Decameran. Decameran is a collection of 100 stories. So the first story of Decameran is. Tecid. Tecid. This is the first story of Decameran. And the first story of the Canterbury Tales is also done by Knights. There are two characters in the story. And they are Palaman and Arshite. These are Chacheri brothers. Palaman and Arshite. Once they come to the kingdom of Thysias Milan. And the daughter of Thysias is Emily. Both of them fall in love. Then Thysias orders them. Both of them fall in love with Thysias. And Thysias gave them Palaman. His father gave them ransom and left them. I am telling you the long story in short. So both of them run in the tournament with 100 nights. And Palaman wins. Palaman's wife is Emily. This story is Tecid. Tecid is the first story. Decameran is the collection of Boccasios. And the first story of Canterbury Tales is done by Knights. That is also called Tecid. Which is called Knights Tale. So the third option of your question is correct. There is no square or miller or fryer. So your option A is upright. Let's go forward here to the next question. In the first line of Prologue, which month has been referred to? The very opening line of Canterbury Tales is It was the month of April. This is the opening line. It was the month of April. And in April, when the winters are reduced, In the 14th century, you all know that Pilgrimage was in vogue. And the most famous pilgrimage that used to take place in Tecidia was From Southwark to Tabardin. The mosque of Thames-e-Baked, which is in Canterbury. So there used to go to Parthirtheatris. And whatever they used to do with the skin disease, Whatever they used to do with the skin disease, So Prasiddhathirtheatris was in Canterbury. And the story of Canterbury, It was written by Mool Yosna Chosar of 124 stories. But he was able to complete it in 24. So what month of April was mentioned in the prologue? So the month of April was mentioned. So your option was correct? April. Let's see the next question. The fifth question is, You celebrate Chosar's work on St. Valentine's Day. St Valentine's Day, You all know that it is celebrated in the name of Dedication and most lover of mankind, Which is also called philanthropist, Was St Valentine. And his birthday is on 14th February. So on St Valentine's Day, It is celebrated in the name of the Parliament of Fouls. Not in Canterbury Tales, Not even in Book of Duchy, The House of Fame, Book of Duchy and House of Fame. It is written in the Italian period of Chosar. Both works of the Italian period. But in Canterbury Tales, It is celebrated in the name of the Parliament of Fouls. Let's see the next question. The sixth question is, For his toilers and cresceeds, Chosar wobs too. Once again, We go to the writer of literature, Boccasio. Boccasio's toilers and cresceeds Originally it was written in Italian language and was written by Boccasio. Moul Rechna is from French writer Boccasio. And in the Italian period of Chosar, Chosar translated it. Along with the story, Both of these characters are related to Trojan Wars. The separate discussion of the toilers and cresceeds, I have taken in the live class. Chosar translated the toilers and cresceeds in Coplate. Retain in Coplate. And this is Chosar dedicated to Gower. He dedicated the toilers and cresceeds to Gower. And in this, if we talk about Petrarch or Dante, Petrarch, Boccasio's toilers and cresceeds Boccasio was born in 1313. And in 1375, This work was written by Boccasio. This is your option. Let's see the seventh question. How many women characters figure in The Prologue to Canterbury Tales? How many women characters? When you can answer, there are not one, two, but three women characters. I think most of you have read Prologue to Canterbury Tales. And there are three women figures. And who are they? The first is Prioress. The second is Wife of Bath. Wife of Bath. And the third women character is second nun. So there are three women characters. So the right option of the seventh is C. The next question is, Which work deals with the patient's revolt which took place in 1381? So in 1381, there was the return of the second government in England. And if we talk about the return of the second government, then it was a very ruthless regime of the return of the second government. In that, there is the revolt of the patients and the revolt of the farmers. 100 years ago, which was a misnomeric war with France, Henry II imposed tax on the common people. And the interesting thing was that there was no tax on the aristocratic class. Along with the plague, which we know as Black Death, most of the workers, it is said that nearly one third of London's population, at that time it was 80,000. So one third of the total population of 80,000 met its tragic end during the Black Death. And what happened was that the number of labour slashed down and the surviving labour demanded high wages. So Richard II reduced the number of the remaining workers. The workers started asking for more workers. So the wages came with an act. And the rich people, by taxing the aristocratic class and the people of London, made a lot of money and made a lot of money on the common people. So the feeling of a dissension between the workers and the peasants and the peasants was born. Jack Easter, who was called the Peasants Revolt, and this is the event of the 13th century. So the Peasants Revolt in the 13th century, what is the work in which the Peasants Revolt has been declared? So let me tell you that this is the creation of the village. Vag Climantis. Vag Climantis by the village. Right? The village was also called Moral Gawar. And in this, the title of the village is Revolt Vag Climantis Desherto. The title of the village is Vag Climantis Desherto. Desherto is called Vag Climantis Climantis Climarchik Phukar. So we can say in English that the streak of the desert, the tongue oficiency, one full title which is Vag Climantis Desherto, and it is called Vag Climantis in short, and it is the S distill of the village. There are 10,625 SCP, 10,625 L.A.G.A.C. couplets. L.A.G.A.C. couplets means L.A.G.C. is related to the two lines of the stroke. There is a line in the two lines and in which there are 10,625 points. Okay. Next, if we look at Confesio Amantes. Confesio Amantes is a type of cow. In that era, it was also called Encyclopedia of Love. Encyclopedia of Love Confesio Amantes was also called Encyclopedia of Love. And there are 120 love stories in it. There are 120 love stories. As far as the house of fame and legend of good women. These are two lines of Confesio Amantes by Confesio Amantes. Before moving on to the question, I would like to tell you one more thing. The selection of the questions is discussed on all four options. So, all the important things of the age are being sent to you. Listen carefully. Guard Dwelling. You will get 90% of the questions in the exam. Whether it is about literature or language. Okay dear, let's move on. The next question is about Confesio Amantes. I have just told you that Confesio Amantes is a collection of tales in English. Confesio Amantes is written in English. I have just told you about Confesio Amantes. Then it was called Encyclopedia of Love. It contained 120 stories. There are 120 love stories in it. English Octo-Cilebic Cooplet. And there are 42,000 lines in it. Or you can say 21,000 couplets. Okay dear, English Mono-Cilebic Cooplet is not in it. French Octo-Cilebic Cooplet is not in it. French Mono-Cilebic Cooplet is not in it. English Octo-Cilebic Cooplet is not in it. Confesio Amantes is written in English. The next question. Please continue to give your opinion through the comment. The next question is, Who is known as Morning Star of Preformation? Who is known as Morning Star of Preformation? Who is known as Morning Star of Preformation? If we talk about Reformation, First of all, Reformation was started by Martin Luther. Martin Luther is also known as King. Martin Luther was a German reformer. He raised the protest against Roman Catholic atrocities and wrong interpretation of the Bible by priests and wishops. Before Martin Luther, the small clergy and small church officials used to judge the people by wrong interpretation of the Bible. When many evil people entered Roman Catholicism, the first thing to do was to reform it. The first thing to do was to reform it. The first thing to do was to reform it. The first thing to do was to reform it. This is where a second lesson of Jesus begins. The second lesson is called Protestant. They were advocates of Reformation in the converted Bible, which was done by Christian clergy. If we talk about the father of Reformation, the father of Reformation is Martin Luther. He is a French reformer, Martin Luther. As you know, Martin Luther was also burnt alive due to Protestantism. But if we look at it from the Chaucer Age, we also get Y-Clip. Y-Clip is the translator of Latin Bible into English vernacular. I told you that in Germany, Catholic priests and clergy used to judge the Bible in the wrong way for their western interest. It was done in England as well as in Y-Clip. Because the common people could not understand the Latin language. So, you would interpret the Bible in the wrong way. Church clergy, priests, and priests. If we look at it from the Bible, in order to reach the common people, Y-Clip took a challenge. He translated the Latin Bible into English vernacular. He also sent his followers. His followers were called Lolaardians. The people who believed in Y-Clip were called Lolaardians. So, Y-Clip sent his disciples with the translation of the Bible to start the Reformation. The thing about Herod is that the way Martin Luther was burnt in the fire, Y-Clip was also burnt in the fire by the Church. And this did not happen with Y-Clip, only with Martin Luther. This is a sign of the world that whenever someone comes to break the sleep of the society, then there is a lot of confusion. I would like to say that did you pray to Christ to crucify him? Did you pray to Jesus? Did you pray to your priest? He used to say, The sacrifices you are making in the false name of God and Goddesses of Athens, there are much more higher and nobler deeds to be performed. He used to talk about Tarq. And the question he was asked to believe was raised. He was given a cup of poison. Was it a prayer? The Mahavir's Buddha's mad hands were broken, the boys were thrown from the mountains. And now let's talk about the fast. What is the matter of the Sharma? What is the matter of the Mansur? The neck was cut, the body was cut into pieces, the mosque of Jama, the mosque of Delhi, was done there. I would like to say that, in Aham Brahmaashmi, the one who knows the divinity of his inner self, he becomes the right person to say it in Aham Brahmaashmi. But the society is always progressive, it is not progressive, it is aggressive. So even the Wycliffe, about the Church of Life, the Wycliffe is known as the Morning Star of Reformation. Okay dear, let's see the next question. Who of the following poets wrote a famous poem, Morning the Death of Chaushar? On the death of Chaushar, an L.A.G. was written on it. And the L.A.G. was written by Akleb. Sometimes Akleb also gets some kind of Hoclave. So whether it is Hoclave, H-O-C-C-L-A-B-E, or it is Akleb, both are the same. The personal L.A.G. was written by Gaur Neel of Princes. L.A.G. on the death of, L.A.G. on the death of Chaushar, on the death of Chaushar, on the death of Akleb. The title of L.A.G. was the Gaur Neel of Princes. And L.A.G. was also mentioned by Elisabethan, Elisabethan, the layamon of the time. The layamon of Anglo-Narman who wrote the text, wrote a history of history. From the time of the trial to 1066, when the normal people won over England, after that time, and the victory of the normal conquest by the layamon, wrote in his text, the history of Britain. On the basis of the three books, L.A.G. also wrote a letter which was written by Michael Drayton, the layamon of Elisabethan. To L.A.G. to fall off the prince or James first office courtland, who wrote King's Squire, King's Squire, that is, the Book of Kings, the book of the king and it was followed by the King's Squire, which was also called Rhymer Oil. And in King's Squire, Jane Beaufort was also mentioned by James first. And William Dunbar, who had written history, land, rose, pool and contact. So the question is about the death of the prince because above the morning poem, which is also called L.A.G., your first option is correct. The next question is which poet introduced a clog that is pastoral poems in England. First of all, let us know about a clog. A clog is a pastoral poet presented in B.U.C.O.L.I.C.H. that the poem or the poem or the poem was written on the ground in which the microscopic presentation can be seen. In nature mountains, clouds, sky, earth, land, birds, birds, rivers, whatever is seen in the eyes of the people then the birth of pastoral poetry is theocritus. Pastoral poetry is theocritus father theocritus this is Greek we consider it the birth of pastoral poetry father but a clog that is a calendar which is called 12 months. So a clog pastoral poetry in England was written for the first time by Alexander Barclay this is your correct option the a clog or pastoral poetry was introduced by Barclay Alexander Barclay into English literature after John S. K. Lytton Gavin Douglas and Robert Henry all these things are associated with age next question who is known as the Chaucer of Scotland who is the Chaucer of Scotland Chaucer was born in England Chaucerian Scottish Chaucerian or Chaucer of Scotland means Chaucer not only impressed the writer of his time but he also became a colonial source of inspiration for the poet of coming generation so he was followed by a Scottish poet also so William Dunbar was called a Scottish Chaucerian or Chaucer of Scotland okay next poem please of Foley is a famous piece of satire written by Desirous Erasmus Erasmus wrote Incomia incomia Moro Incomia is called Moro in English Prez of Foley Erasmus is written on human moro satirical work satirizes human Foley on human moro incomia is written incomia incomia incomia incomia that is the utopia of the peacock and William Tyndale is the Bible for the Bible. Let us move forward. Blank verse is used for the first time for dramatic purpose in. Here it is not even a jocasta. It is from the Spanish tragedy Thomas Kitt. If you do not do Gorbo duck or E, you can do C. Gorbo duck. There is another title of Gorbo duck. Ferex and Porex. Ferex and Porex. In fact, Gorbo duck are two princesses. Ferex and Porex. Ferex is big. Porex is small. In the favor of the princesses, when there is a talk of a dream or an official announcement. As the tradition was, King Gorbo duck chose Ferex as his heir. But the queen chose Porex. And with the help of some sages, Ferex is killed. Then a grudge is seen in the whole of England. In the agitation, in that revolution, people kill Gorbo duck. Porex is killed. And the queen is killed. So we can say that the first element of the Spanish tragedy. Or the tragedy is called blood. The history of that is found in Gorbo duck or Ferex. It is found in Porex. It was used for the first time in the blank verse. In the blank verse, it is known that in two lines, each line is of Iambic structure. And in each line, how many meters are required? Five meters. Sorry. Excuse me. That is, after a long time, after a long time, after a long time. So in one line, when there are five meters like this, whose structure is Iambic. And the end words of two lines are not rhymed. They are called blank verses. So in the world of drama, the first use of blank verses was in Gorbo duck. There were two writers, Seckville and Norton. Norton wrote three acts, first, second and third. And the last four and five were written by Seckville. So it was used for the first time in the blank verse. But for your kind information, I would like to tell you that for the first time, the blank verse was introduced by Arlapshare Henry Howard when he translated A Needs, the work of Virgil, epic of Virgil. By Virgil, Rache's Mahaka Benid, when he was in English for the first time, he introduced the blank verse in the world of poetry, Arlapshare. For the first time in drama, it was used by Seckville and Norton. And it was done by Marlowe who made it a mighty line. And permanently established Shakespeare. So for the first time, blank verses were used in Gorbo duck. Let's move on. The earliest known religious play is about which we get a record that Prarambhik, who was an actor, was of Dear Edom, Edom. Edom is a character, a biblical character. But in Hebrew, Edom is called Soil. Because in the Garden of Eden, when God made the Garden of Eden, he made an animal too. He made it from mud. In Hebrew, Edom means Soil. That is why it is said that the human body is made of mud. You have to find it in the mud. And woman, who is known as Eve, which literally means flesh and man. So woman, that is flesh of man. And they say that when Edom was very sad in the Garden of Eden, one day God asked him why he was sad. He said he needed a companion, a companion. God broke the arm of Adam and made Eve the flesh of man. So the first religious play or religious play is Edom. Let's move on. Spencer's The Shepherds Calendar was written in. Keep in mind that the Shepherds calendar is a kind of clock. And we can call the Shepherds calendar a clock. I just talked about it. It was written by Theocritus. And he was introduced in English for the first time. Spencer did the work of giving perfection. The Shepherds calendar, which has 12 months of characteristics. You can call it 12 months. According to the Shepherds calendar, this is the beginning of golden era of Elizabeth in literature. Elizabethan. In the era of the Shepherds calendar, Spencer's The Shepherds calendar was written. It was written in 1579. Let's go ahead to the next question. Of the five acts of Gorbodeck, Thomas Sackville wrote the... I said that both the people together, Norton and Thomas Norton and Sackville are two writers. As far as the first, second and third act is concerned, the first and second and third act was written. Thomas Norton and the third and fourth act by Sackville. Who was the scholarly translator of Iliad and Odysseus and Hymns? The question of Elizabethan. Iliad is also called Iliam. And Iliam means Troy. So Iliad. The fear related to Troy. So, all of Troy. The war between the Greeks and the trivacians. The war between the Greeks and the trivacians. Homer did it in Iliad. And if we talk about Odysseus. Odysseus. So, why isn't this Odysseus? Instead, it is Ulysses. What kind of Ulysses is used on Odysseus? After the end of the Trike war, Odysseus is called Ithaka. But Ithaka's king, his son, Telemachus, and his wife Penelope, are called Telemachus's sons. And he goes on a journey. On his travels, because he has the last breath, the last breath of knowledge. He wants to put an end to his life. And there are some hymns. His experience. Metrical translation. This was done by George Shepman. For the first time, in the English of Iliad and Odysseus, Chandavadhanabad was done by George Shepman. And it is known as a finisher. Marlowe's one collection of hero and liander, which was incomplete, in 1533, when Marlowe's death happened, so this collection of hero and liander is incomplete, Shepman did it. The well-known historical poem of Michael Drayton is, I just said that Michael Drayton was also known as the well-known poet of Iliad and Odysseus. He wrote Polly Albion, The Exhaustive History of Britain. He wrote a very special history of Britain, Polly Albion. And the ballad, historical poem, the ballad of, excuse me, ballad of egg in coat. On the next question, sorry dear, only this much today. I hope that you find the question quite relevant. And we have discussed each and every option of every question in Exhaust. So if you see the base question, then this is about 100 questions that you have. We will meet again tomorrow, and we will meet again in the hit of you all, taking care of you all. See, I am not increasing the target audience, everyone does their own thing, but this culture is a new technology for the work of a student, for their reasons, for their well-being, for their success. This whole culture is being dedicated. See you tomorrow, best of luck. Thank you very much for listening to me so attentively. I leave you with a promise to meet you at 4 p.m. Thanks.


I'm Brandon Weeks, and this is Matthew Garrett. We are both on Google's internal platform security team. So we're responsible for securing all of the devices that are used at Google, which includes all of our Linux workstations. Today we're going to be talking about how we're using remote attestation at Google, specifically how we're using TPM-based remote attestation, and how the tools we've developed to actually make this useful for us. What are our goals? Our goals are to remotely attest to the identity and state of every client and server we have at Google. We have over 200,000 machines across many different platforms. The goal of this is to strengthen BeyondCorp. So our BeyondCorp model relies on user and device identity. Device identity is currently not something that is always cryptographically backed or tested to, and that's something we're trying to change. And this also enables us to enable new workflows for our T-team. For example, we would like to be able to drop ship clients or servers across the world with no image on them whatsoever, have them remotely attest, and deliver a secure image without ever having to have them go through an inventory process or have an inventory technician touch them. So across our various platforms, we're implementing this in different ways. Android introduced key attestation in Oreo, and we are using that to attest all of our Pixel phones that support key attestation. Chrome has the verified access API. It's an API that allows you to access essentially the TPM primitives through a much simpler method. And if you are managing your Chrome OS devices with G Suite, you can actually attest to their identity. For Mac and iOS, Apple unfortunately doesn't expose their attestation primitives that exist in the secure enclave to us. So we can't actually use this. If anyone works at Apple and is an audience, please help. And for Linux and Windows, we have trusted platform modules. And that's what we're here to talk to you about today. So what are the requirements for the solution that we are building? We want identity attestation. We want to know the unique cryptographic identity of every machine we own. We also want state attestation. Right now, we are just attesting to the static Corridor of Trust. And we haven't yet thought about how we're going to begin doing dynamic Corridor of Trust measurements with IMA or any other functionality there. We want our use case is every Linux and Windows machine used at Google. We have over 200,000 of these. So this is a large problem with many, many edge cases. We have to support TPM 1.2 and 2.0, because we have a non-trivial amount of TPM 1.2 devices that would cost a lot of money to replace. We are building this in Go because that is one of the better supported languages at Google. It's memory safe and just the preferred development environment for our team. And we want the foundations of this to be open source. Some of the implementation specific details are very tied into Google infrastructure. And we're not able to release them. But we want the basis of this to be useful externally. And we'd love to see it consumed by other companies and users. So what have we done so far? So also, just to be clear, when we're talking about the number of machines at Google that we're doing this for, we are doing this for the systems on the internal corporate network. We're not talking about this in the production environment. So in terms of what we've done so far, one of the core things that we needed to do was add support for obtaining the crypto agile log format for systems running TPM 2. This turns out to be a surprisingly awkward problem for moderately legitimate reasons. In the TPM 1.2 days, the event log was contained within a static area of RAM that was allocated by the firmware, but which then remained available throughout the lifetime of the system. The downside of that is that that memory was allocated and was never available to the operating system. So if you didn't care about the event log, you were still using that RAM forever. The implementation for the TCG2 UEFI interface to TPM services is to allocate the event log in what's called boot services data. That's memory that is freed at the point where the operating system calls exit boot services to mark the transition from the boot environment to the runtime environment. So we had to copy the event log from the boot environment up to the kernel environment, which involved some lightly awkward code. Because when you make the firmware call that tells you where the event log is, it gives you a pointer to the beginning of the event log, and it gives you a pointer to the beginning of the final entry of the event log. It doesn't give you a pointer to the end of the event log, which means you then have to couch the size of the final entry, which is variable, and then copy that up. Things were then made slightly more awkward again because, when I said the event log goes away after you call exit boot services, exit boot services itself generates an event, which is clearly incompatible with this. So when you call exit boot services, an additional log is instantiated and event, sorry, when you make the call to get the event log, an additional log is then instantiated and all further events go into there, and that's available at runtime. Problem there is that if the get log call is made before the kernel makes it, for instance, if a bootloader does this, then you end up with events that are both in the event log that will be discarded and the event log that will be persisted, so we also had to add code to remove duplicate events. That's all landed in 5.3, so if you use kernel 5.3, you should be able to get the crypto agile event log. In terms of the go codes that we've written for access station purposes, we now have a functioning client and server, and as Brandon mentioned, we're not releasing our internal versions of those because they're fundamentally tied to Google infrastructure and nobody would be able to run them anyway, but we have demonstrated internally that we can do this at scale. We now have over 25,000 systems that are successfully generating access station events, and we are verifying those and parsing out the event log. We have code for verifying the quotes, we have code for parsing the event log, and then replaying the event log, verifying that the event log matches the quote, and we heard yesterday about other implementations that are also doing this. So this is not itself particularly exciting, but I think this is one of the first implementations that has been demonstrated to be working at large scale. The stuff we want to do next, though, is, well, an event log is itself not particularly useful. You have a huge amount of information, especially on Windows platforms, which I'll get to in a second, but that's not the information you want directly. You want to be able to look at the event log and make determinations like, is this system running firmware I recognize? Is this system booting a bootloader that I recognize? Does this system have various other security characteristics that I require for one of these systems to have access to internal resources? So what we're still working on is a meaningful way to take the event log and turn it into like platform attributes like good firmware had disk encryption enabled, that sort of thing.  And this needs to be an industry-wide effort. To an extent, we can get away with just looking at, okay, we have this many machines, we have this many copies of firmware, and we can maybe go, well, okay, if we have 10,000 machines running this specific firmware, then either this firmware is legitimate or we're going to have a really, really bad time. So we're hoping the former. But realistically, we need this information to come from vendors, and we need to have a reliable way to get it from the vendors to us and to the rest of the world. And also, ideally, we want to move from our current situation where the device identity is frequently stored on disk in our systems to the device identity being backed by the hardware, and for us to have full key certifications. So we can verify that this key was generated on ATPM that we trust. Some of that is implementing key certification properly, but the other part of it is ideally making use of platform certificates, so we're able to verify that the machine that came from this vendor with this serial number is expected to have this TPM. And then by looking at that, we can say, okay, this machine was shipped to us, it has this TPM, the manufacturer of the machine says so, and now we can verify that the device identity that we have created on that machine's TPM is associated with the appropriate device, and so should have the amount of access that this specific computer was supposed to have. For Linux, the information that we have is better than it was this time of last year. Grub2 now has support for performing measurements of boot components. So obviously we have whatever measurements the firmware generates itself, and so for PCR0 and PCR2, that's information about the firmware and information about the firmware in option ROMs on plugin cards. We also have the hash of the bootloader. So for systems that are using shim and secureboot, shim will also measure the next stage bootloader, so you don't have a gap between shim and grub. We have the secureboot key state that's measured into PCR7 by the firmware, and shim also measures its secureboot state and the key certificates that it's using to verify second stage stuff. So you have a log of, if you are using secureboot, the certificates that we used at every stage in the secureboot chain. Grub is measuring the kernel and the init-remfs. Grub is also measuring the kernel command line because the kernel command line, it turns out, is kind of relevant from a security perspective. You have the ability to do things like overwrite the IOMMU configuration, and if you've got a physically present attacker, and if you've got DMA-capable ports, if someone's able to turn off the IOMMU and you're expecting the IOMMU to provide protection for your system, that's gone out the window. So some amount of security-sensitive information is contained within the kernel command line. And then, obviously, we have anything that IMA is measuring, which is going to depend on local IMA policy. So here's the code released thus far. Matthew Garrett's patches to the kernel have landed in kernel 5.3, so if you're running that version or later, you can actually get a TCG2 event log. We also have released three different GitHub repositories that contain the foundations for our implementation. The first, GoTPM, is actually primarily developed by a different team at Google working on cloud security. This contains the low-level methods for communicating with the TPM, and doesn't contain any of the higher-level ways of doing things like quoting or key certification. GoTPM tools is where we're storing our test data and some test clients. It's useful for just messing around with your TPM. And Go attestation is our primary project, which builds upon GoTPM to actually do the higher-level operations, such as key certification, quoting, grabbing the measurement log, credential activation, and everything you need to actually use TPMs effectively. But, obviously, this wouldn't be a particularly convincing discussion session if we didn't have anything to discuss. So, right now, there's something of a functionality gap between Linux and Windows. Windows, when it boots, logs a lot of additional metadata in the event log, and we now have code for parsing that out. So, for instance, on Windows, we're able to verify whether a system booted with an encrypted disk, and if it did have an encrypted file system, whether the key for that file system was backed by the TPM or whether that was something that the user typed in. So, that allows us to verify that a system meets certain aspects of our internal security policy before we grant access. So, you can't just take a system and then throw a fresh copy of Windows onto it and have a different security posture and still retain access to internal resources. We also get information about which components were loaded during the boot process. So, for Windows, that includes stuff like, was Windows Defender started in the early launch phase, as in before any non-Microsoft components were loaded? And that's something that we want to be able to guarantee in order to say, okay, if someone was able to get malware onto the system, then Windows Defender was launched before that malware had an ability to do anything. So, the equivalent for Linux would be largely, did we load our security policies? So, if we're using IMA, did we load the IMA policy before we started launching any untrusted code? Because otherwise, something could have had the opportunity to tamper with the system before the IMA policy was loaded. And right now, we don't have any of that functionality. So, really something we'd like to hear from people is what further stuff could people make use of and what is the best way for us to log this? Should this be something that's up to the kernel, or should we trust the IntremFS as being part of the TCB and just have user land generating logging events? Also, for people who are looking to build on this, we are very interested both here and afterwards in guessing information about what sort of functionality you would like to see in the tooling that we're building, what would make it more useful to you, and anything else. What else can we do to make this more useful in terms of being able to verify system state and device identity? So, with that, I think we'll open this up for questions and discussion. Also, quick note, we'll be giving a presentation on the more sort of holistic details, aspects of this at the open source summit on Friday at 3.15. So, questions, comments, issues that you'd like to discuss? One challenge with attestation is, how do we know that the information that we are getting from the endpoint is the actual endpoint that we are interested in? How about I spoof some values to you when an intruder pretends that I'm the machine that you're talking to and you grant access? So, how do you handle that kind of situation? A little bit awkward. So, in this case, if we have an ability to tie the identity of the endorsement key on the TPM to the device we care about, then when we generate an attestation key, we're able to verify that that AK was generated by a TPM with that EK. If we're then able... So, we have two ways right now basically of binding that identity to the machine identity. The first is, we trust on initial enrollment that the machine is the machines it claims to be. The second is, if we have a platform certificate from the platform vendor, then we're able to make that association in a stronger way. So, we know in advance the machine with this serial number that was shipped to us on this date from this vendor. It is expected to have this EK. And therefore, if an AK is presented to us that was generated by this EK, we know that the AK came from that device. The quote itself has a nonce in it in order to prevent replay attacks. So, that gives us a way to verify that the quote is fresh and we're able to compare the chain of trust back to the original device. So, it shouldn't be possible for someone to give us a fake quote. So, yes, ideally when machines are initially provisioned, the initial provisioning will be associated with the enrollment of the EK into our trust database. If we don't have a platform certificate otherwise, if we have a platform certificate, then we'll also validate that the EK is associated with, that we're getting something from the EK that we expected to be associated with that device. And then, once we have an AK that we know is associated with this machine, we can then verify that the quote came from the machine with that EK. Regarding the additional measurements and stuff. So, one additional thing that I see is full is measuring the signer of the kernel during K-exec. Not sure if this is already covered in your lockdown patches or not, if not. Currently, I think the only IMA signature is covered, but when most of the distros and do not have the IMA signatures set on the kernels by default, there currently is just PE signed. And when you're K-exec-ing into a new kernel, measuring this signature of that new kernel that you are K-exec-ing into, will complete the chain of measurements. Right, so at the moment, I believe that if you're using IMA and K-exec-ing, then we will end up with a log of the hash of the kernel, but we won't have a way to just, like with the PCR-7 measurements, I would say that we trust the signature, the signer of the kernel, as opposed to having to care about the exact kernel itself. So, yeah, I think that's a whole at the moment. No, I'm not talking about the IMA signature. In cases, most of the distros do not have IMA signatures on the kernel. Even if you don't have the IMA signature, then you'll still end up with a measurement of the hash of the kernel, which is sufficient for some cases, but not for others. Yes, the signature of when K-exec file loads is verifying the signature, we're not measuring that. So that seems like a legitimate thing to measure. Cut our question. I have two questions. One, I'm glad to hear you're using the platform cert. Second, have you started looking at the IDAV, LDAV, work that's being done? Sorry, which work? IDAV and LDAV, from a device identification tied to the TPM, okay.  What were you thinking there? Because I mean, for instance, on OpenXT, we cap the PCR after we've done the unlock from the unsealed. Right, so that's a great question. So one of the issues that we have here is that most systems that are, if we want this to work the way that most Linux distributions currently work, then the unlock occurs in the image RAMFS rather than in the bootloader. And that means that something at that point needs to push some information to the TPM. So I think it's a reasonably open question whether the thing that should be pushing this is either the use-land tooling or whether certain events where we push crypto into the kernel should result in the kernel itself producing a measurement. Now in cases where it's going through use-land and the kernel has no idea where this material came from, then sort of inevitably we need to do that in the use-land tooling. And nominally, since the use-land tooling is embedded within the image RAMFS, the image RAMFS is trustworthy. Because we've very hard to sign with that before. So, but then obviously, if we're going to argue that the image RAMFS is trustworthy, then we probably need the image RAMFS to itself cap the PCRs again at the point where the image RAMFS is transitioning to the live system. And the right point to do that at is not something that's really settled yet. But that's an excellent point. So yesterday, Paul said, I couldn't put it in his mouth, that the kernel command line was not being hashed and measured. And you just said that you were doing that. Grubb does so in the current code base. Okay. So one of the problems with that is that since the kernel command line generally includes the root file system, and if that's a UUID, then if you're going to build any sort of policy around that, it's very difficult to say this is a static good PCR value because that will be completely machine-specific. So you really need event log parsing and you even then can't look at just the values in the event log. You need to look at the event log data, verify whether the event log data hashes to the event log entry, and then parse the command line. So we're not just measuring the command line, we're also logging the command line in the event log. So you have a cryptographically verified copy of the command line, which you can then parse remotely. So the infrastructure to do this is there, but right now we don't have policy written around consuming that and turning it into a this is good or this is bad. So if you want predictable values for the kernel command line, then yeah, you need to avoid UUIDs. This is sort of a policy question on how you use BeyondCorp. Are you targeting sort of employee-built devices, employee-owned devices, or are these all corporate-owned devices? Like, how do you measure, how do you like usefully do measurements of like I brought my laptop in from home and I would like to check my email? Or is that out of scope for your use case? That's out of scope for use case. Okay, so when you say BeyondCorp, these are all corporate IT has purchased and provisioned these devices. Yes. But they are for taking home. Yes. Okay. And ideally this is something we could use to prevent employees from actually bringing devices and using them at work. Okay. In a cryptograph, at least your way. It's like, for example, you lose your laptop and buy a new one and try to pretend you never lost your laptop and say this is now my new Google managed laptop. We're gonna catch you and say no, sorry. Okay, makes sense. Thanks. It's like, no more questions? Okay, thanks guys.


Rolls-Royce, when you think of it, you probably think luxury. You probably think refinement in automobiles. Now the company is bringing its vision of luxury to the electric vehicle market. Tim, you did a story on the Spectre for Inverse. What did you learn about it? For a car that costs about a half a million bucks, you'd expect it to be good. But what I wasn't expecting was just how it would drive. I've driven a few Rolls-Royces over the years and they do have a very distinctive ride quality. The description of wafting along is never more appropriate than it is in a Rolls-Royce. The power application is actually very gentle and very subtle. And it doesn't really drive like any other EV on the road. Really just the first step for Rolls-Royce is they are electrifying their entire portfolio.  It's all about presence. In fact, if you pop the hood on this thing, there's basically nothing in there. There's not a frunk. There's no engine, of course. It's just kind of sadly a big waste of space. This thing has the same footprint as a Cadillac Escalade.


Our next speaker is Madhu Ramesh whose title is How do cells assemble the ribosome nanomachines? What's perhaps the most important and the most abundant machine on the face of the planet? I would argue it's the ribosome shown here. It reads and interprets your genetic code in yourselves. What's most important? Because every living cell from bacteria, to humans, the biggest living cells present, every living cell absolutely requires this machine to survive. What's most abundant? Because every living cell in your body has about 4 million of these and you have 37 trillion cells. So come on that up, I can't. So obviously these are very important cells. So cells have been immersed a lot of resources and energy into building these cells and building them well.  So we understand very little actually about how cells actually build these machines at the molecular level and that's where my last research comes in. So what we know, where does the field stand right now? We know that the raw material to make these machines is RNA. What's RNA? We all know DNA. RNA is exactly like DNA in that it carries genetic information. It is made up of a sequence of four letters. But it differs from DNA in that it can form these more complex structures, more intricate structures. What else do we know? Although this looks like a giant ball of spaghetti right here, I can tell you the precise structure of this machine is necessary for the cells to live. So with this background information, I ask the following questions. What enables this transition from this sequence to this intricate structure? What factors control this transition? So to answer this, what it did was I deliberately introduced mutations or spelling errors in this sequence. So because of this, I say using the state of the art technology right now that's available to see if this precise structure can form, if this machine can actually assemble and the cells can actually live. So what did I find when I introduced these spelling errors? I found that the precise structure cannot be formed and the machine cannot assemble properly and function properly and that the cells ultimately die. So why is this interesting? I think this is a striking case of self-assembly where the information to build this machine is encoded in the raw material of the machine itself, interfered with this message. What happened was the message was lost and so the cells couldn't build this machine properly and the cells ultimately die. Don't you wish your idea tables came with such elegant self-assembly schemes? Thank you.