Good morning, good afternoon. Good evening, depending on where you are situated on the globe. In this short video, I just want to share with you some couple ideas about trade issues. And I will base this discussion on the video, which I hope you all will have seen, which is called Black Gold. And this video is about production and trade of coffee, looking at the case of Ethiopia. But I want to assure you that what you see taking place in terms of production and trade of coffee in Ethiopia is quite common to other primary commodity producers, whether it is coffee, cotton, tea, and other agricultural products. In trade theory, you will have learned that trade is necessarily beneficial to both parties, to all parties in the trade, because everybody gets out of it more than they would have received if they did not trade, and trade therefore generates benefits for the buyer and the seller. What is the reality, though, is that the gains from trade are not equal. In this particular video, you will have seen that producers of coffee in Ethiopia get a very, very small fraction of the market value of coffee, the kind of coffee that we are buying at the coffee shops here in our cities, Starbucks, or any other coffee traders in our area. So the farmers get a very, very small fraction of the market value of the coffee, which means that the intermediaries who are trading coffee along the value chain are the ones who are pocketing a large share of the value added of coffee, because Ethiopia, like other developing countries, is basically specializing in exporting raw material, nearly raw material. But this is the raw material that is going to generate the foreign exchange that the country will need to buy the finished products from the US, from Europe, which are buying the raw material, raw products, including coffee. So what you see now is that Ethiopia is selling coffee at a very cheap price, and buying finished manufactured products at a very high price. So you have basically what we call terms of trade disadvantage, which is unfavorable for Ethiopia, in the sense that it sells cheap exports to buy expensive imports. Now the other thing that you will see from this video is the critical role of the exchange rate, because Ethiopia has its own currency. It's selling to other countries that have different currencies. So the currency of Ethiopia is called the Ethiopian bear, B-I-R-R. So Ethiopian producers produce coffee, sell the coffee, get the price in bear. The coffee is sold to, say, the US, where we buy it with US dollars. So the country, Ethiopia, gets the export revenue in US dollars. That's very, very important, because that's where they will generate the foreign exchange that they need to buy the processed manufactured products that they're buying from abroad. Therefore, the value of the national currency vis-à-vis the foreign currency is very, very critical, because if the national currency has high value, it has advantages and disadvantages. A strong national currency, of course, means that you can buy more of the foreign currency, foreign goods, means that your national currency buys you more foreign goods. It basically means that Ethiopian goods buy a lot in terms of foreign goods, which is good. But the problem is that, at the same time, it means that foreign consumers will find your products more expensive. So a strong national currency is problematic in the sense that it makes exports less competitive to the rest of the world. And if you have been following the economic news, you have heard about these ongoing negotiations between the US and China regarding the exchange rate policy in China, where observers see that the Chinese currency is undervalued, which means that the Chinese products are going to be cheap on international markets, whereas foreign products are going to be expensive for the Chinese, which means that China has an advantage in that it is going to export more and import less, which is quite consistent with what we have been seeing, which is a high and rising trade surplus for China. For the US, in contrast, if in fact the Chinese currency is undervalued vis-a-vis the US currency, that means that the US currency is strong vis-a-vis the Chinese currency, which means that US consumers find it easy to buy Chinese goods. So imports of Chinese goods is going to increase in the US, whereas US goods are going to be seen as expensive by the Chinese consumers. So US exports are going to decline. And that will be consistent again with the trade deficit that we see between the US and China. So it may sound a little contradictory to say that a strong national currency is a bad thing. It all depends. If the country is an export-oriented country, if the country is trying to promote its exports, then a strong currency is really a constraint to competitiveness of national products. But of course, a strong currency allows you to buy foreign goods at a cheaper price. So if you are a country, an economy that depends on imported inputs for production, then of course, a strong currency is good. So it's a balancing game that policymakers have to play to keep the currency competitive, but also to keep the currency so that it encourages exports of national products abroad. Thank you. Good afternoon.


They follow him for life. It's called imprinting. Once they imprinted on him, never changes. Can't change it. It's imprinted. And here he is swimming with these, you know, ducks. I think he's the mother duck, like that, okay? So we know, you know, this is a critical period. And it really is very sharp in these ducklings. But now we use the term optimal period because we know that certain things are learned at different times. And there are multiple optimal periods depending on the kind of learning. So for example, let me say like language. You know who this is? This is Henry Kissinger and the brain. No, the Russian ambassador. And let me see, so let me see if I have a recording. So Kissinger and his brother came to the United States in Germany. And his brother is three years younger than him. Has absolutely no accent at all. But Kissinger came when he was nine or ten. And you know the way he talks, but I'll play you to you anyway. Let's see this here. Hello? Yes, Henry. How are you? Good. We're delighted to see you, the trade minister, you know, through the way you come in, from my to my office. Oh, north. Okay. Through the lobby. Yes. To your... Yes. And that's through the northwest gate. Yes. Okay. And I've also mentioned the issue of that principle. And I think we can handle it in the way you and I discussed that. Okay. Could I already report it? Yes. Okay. Okay. So you heard the accent, right? And so his brother, three years younger, no accent at all. So I was taught in the upper division of the graduate class when I was at UC Davis about neurobiology. Microphone. Microphone. Sorry. I was teaching a class to many pre-med students who were about to graduate called Developer on Neurobiology.  And I said, let me play you this recording of Henry Kissinger. So I played this recording and I was looking at me. I said, how many of you know how many Henry Kissinger is? Fifty kids in the class. One, raise your hand. Still alive. I just met with Trump recently. They don't even know who he is anymore.  Next generation, you know, wasn't alive when that day was like, they don't know who you are anymore. So just remember, you know, being famous is feeding. Okay. So, and by the way, in spite of what we know about upper-media periods, in America, language is not taught until high school. You know, just the opposite of what they say. Be sure to teach again from kindergarten on. There are some exceptions like the Spanish emergencies and so on. Next thing is something that I think is really important, but is not taken into consideration in the educational system. Individual differences do matter. Anybody who has had children, more than one child, knows that each child is an individual. They learn different things at different rates. Some things they learn very well. Some they don't. And the educational system, at least in America, treats everybody the same, you know, and so on. So here's a cute slide showing you my individual differences. Okay. That is Willie Shoemaker, who is a horse jockey. One more successful in history, and that's Will Chamberlain, the basketball player. See, so they're two human beings, two men, but very different in the size and other ways and what they could do. And to appreciate this, I'm going to show you this. This is a post-mortem human brain. And you look at this, right, and what you see here are these kind of groups like this. See here. Those are called salsae, and then you see these things above it over here. Those are called gyroid. So this is the left brain and the right brain. Front is there, back is there.  The two sides of their brain are not anything like identical. I mean, for example, let's just pick something here. Look at this area here. See that? It goes all the way like that. These gyros. Here, it's like that. Any other things in here like that you could see. This area here is still under that. But an area back here is very different here. It's like this, like so. What people don't appreciate is that our brains are as different as our faces. If you could expose the brain to every person here, they would be more different than our faces. So when a neurosurgeon has to identify an area of the brain, he or she cannot look at this and say, okay, here's the somatosensory area. Here's the motor area. Here's the language. They can't do it because the surface morphology, just surface morphology is so different from individual to individual. So what has been developed and is still used, was developed many, many years ago, a technique by a Canadian neurosurgeon called Wilford Penfield is in the operating room, when they want to remove a tumor that's on the surface of the brain, one of the things they're very careful about is where's the language area? Because if you remove the tumor in the French language area, you have what's called aphasia, a language disorder that could be for life, could be. So what Penfield determined is this. The opening of the skull over the area where the tumor is is done on the general anesthesia. And then the local anesthesia is infused in the cut bones. The patient is taken off the anesthetic, wide awake. And what he would do then is hold the probe in an electrode and deliver a brief electrical stimulus to an area around the tumor. And the reason he did that is he wants to know what kind of function does that evoke. So he's stimulating a light, an area that needs a vision. The person will see a little visual flash. If you're stimulating an area with addition, the person will hear a sound like that. And what he would do is then take a little sterile piece and put that right in the brain and have number one, and somebody would write one, does this and that, stimulate over here, two, and so on. What's interesting is you can evoke a visual sensation. You can evoke a auditory sensation. You can evoke stinging of the skin, if anyone has stinging on his skin. You can evoke movement, but you don't evoke spontaneous speech. So when the brain is stimulated, nobody says, pa lao, it doesn't happen. So how do you know what the auditory or what the language area is? Well, what he did was has the patient come count backwards. For example, 199, 98, 97. When he stimulates his language area, there's a phasic arrest. The first thing goes 96, that's a language area. And nobody really knows what that is. But you don't get spanked. Nobody all of a sudden starts singing something. That doesn't happen. So the reason they do these pentails things still use today. The reason they do it is because the brains are so different from person to person. Just a gross topography. Forget about the details. Just a gross topography. More different than the faces in this room. So it stands to reason that the functions should be different. And so that you should use specialized methods to cater to the particular proclivity of an individual when you're trying to educate him or her or to train them in something. This is an interesting friend of mine and works in the visual system, David Williams. So he has a method of taking the human eye and imaging the three different rods. The rods, I'm sorry, three different cones. Those are the ones that are processing visual information. Green, red or blue. And so here is two retinas of identical twins. The same exact area of the retina. Same exact area. And what you do is when you see this, you can just see how different it is. This twin has a lot more green than this twin. The pattern is just very different. It'll be like other aspects of the thing. So even something at the periphery, like how the photoreceptors are organized, is very different from one individual. Even though they're genetically identical. Okay, so the visual differences do matter and the challenge is how to figure out the learning paradigms that suit the visual best. And I have two more to show you. So the next one is try employing multimodal stimuli when introducing new materials. So most cells in the brain, when they have sensory cells, they're thought to respond to vision or addition or skin sensation or smells and all that. Today is known that the majority of cells in the brain, in particular areas of the brain, respond to multimodal, more than one sensation. And my best friend, a guy called Barry Stein, at Wake Forest University, did a lot of work in this area. So try to organize tasks so there's convergence of sensory input. And let me share an example from work he's done. So this is a recording from one neuron, one neuron in the brain, where it is not important. And he presents a visual stimulus to this neuron and the neuron fires about two action potentials. Two action potentials. Stimulus comes on one. Same neuron, he presents an auditory stimulus. Like that. Here's one action potential. Now, same cell, he presents both the visual stimulus and auditory stimulus. Look at that enhancement of responses. Many, many neurons show this kind of convergence thing. If you're using multimodal stimulation, that is not just visual, not just auditory, but both, you get a much better response, a more attentive organism and so on. And so sometimes it makes sense, you know, when you're reading, you're learning to read out loud. So you see the thing visually, and you hear it as well. And there are many other kinds of tasks that use multimodal stuff. And then the last one I want to show you is that it's important to present information in a context that makes sense to the neuron. It's also going to be a movie. I don't know if it's going to be work. So this is something, you know, in the Kasparov book I mentioned, he states in the early chapter that there are more people that play chess at a very high level in Armenia than any other place in the world. So I thought this is a good example. This is from a, I mean, for chess plays it's going to be trivial, you know, on what it shows. But this is done by a study at MIT in cognitive neuroscience. And what it shows is how context is really important to performance. So this is a guy who's a, I think he's about 1900 on a scale. That's pretty good, right? Yeah? Okay, huh? I'm reading 1900 and he, what? Depending on which scale. Oh, okay. Kasparov had the highest in history, was 28 something. So I think around 2000 is just...


Hello everyone, this is Ahmet Dan and on this channel you'll find financial travel and more videos. If you like what you see, please do the thumbs up and consider subscribing. Thank you. Hello everyone, this is Ahmet Dan of AhmetDan.com. Today I'm going to show you my website adanbooks.com, which featured my books before taking it down. In the past, I have had 5-7 websites for which I would write and maintain by myself on a regular basis. However, to simplify my life and everything, I decided to keep only one active website which is AhmetDan.com. As I'm more concentrating on YouTube, this makes perfect sense and I don't need to spend a lot of time worrying about all these active websites. However, I will still be holding about 30-40 domains but they are all park domains and I don't need to maintain them on a regular basis. I'll have more videos on internet and websites in the future. Thank you for watching. If you like what you see, please give it a thumbs up and consider subscribing and there will be more videos coming up. So I'll see you shortly. Thank you.


Okay, we're back live in Los Angeles. This is siliconangle.tv's theCUBE. This is our flagship telecast where we go out to events, conferences, things going on in tech and talk to the smartest people we can find, extract that signal from the noise. And we do this at events, corporate events. We do it at industry conferences. We talk to the experts, we talk to the leaders, and we don't care if they're VCs, entrepreneurs, or the senior executives. We talk to them, extract the signal from the noise, get the trend information, and share that knowledge with you. Sorry, the founder of siliconangle.com. I'm joined by my co-host. I'm Dave Vellante of wikibon.org, and we're here live in Irvine, California with Flynn Malloy, who's a senior director of HP's support services portfolio. Flynn, welcome to theCUBE. Thank you very much, guys. So we've been talking all day about how services has to change because the infrastructure and applications are changing. You guys have announced some new offerings around that. So let's talk about it. How are you guys responding to these changes? Well, starting over a year ago, we sat down and really took a look at what the support processes inside of the customer's environments, how they're changing. So the guy who gets up, or the gal who gets up every day, goes into work, their job is to keep the hospital, or the school, or the manufacturing plant from staying up and from staying online. And the processes that they have to go through, patch management, as we talked about, operations management, incident management, these things have changed in the new environment. When you're looking at discrete systems, and the kind of support processes you need for those, compared to the virtual pools of IT, and all the things that come with that, like they say, there's no smoking gun, right? So finding the problem in the new environment is very difficult. Okay, so convince me, the skeptics in the audience that will say, oh, well, this is just a lot of slideware and HP dressing up its portfolio. Why is it not that? Give us some proof points. All right, let's talk about an example. So we touched on it earlier. So when we think of reactive, so the foundation care is the reactive component of our portfolio that we talk about. When you think about the kinds of reactive services that customers wanted and still want, in a traditional model, in a discrete IT model, what you have are the ninjas on call, right? Which are the six hour call to repair ninjas when something happens, they parachute in, get you back up immediately. In the new world, you don't have on or off black or white IT downtime, right? You have performance slowdowns. And that requires a different level of service and a different kind of offering from the vendor. So you don't need the ninjas, you're looking for something like the red bat phone, right? So in proactive care, when you want to go straight to an expert, you want to pick up the phone and talk to them immediately. And that performance slowdown might be as painful as some downtime was 10 years ago. Yeah, that's exactly right. Okay, so you've re-architected your portfolio to accommodate this. But at the same time, you've got a spectrum, right? Talk about that a little bit. So we start with foundation care and then proactive care and then data center care. Those are really the three service levels. So what are those? Yeah, take us through them. So foundation care starts with a focus on reactive and the kind of reactive that you need in the new world. So as we just said, it's not the same stuff we used to have, it's not the ninjas on call. What you're looking for is think of the problem in the same way that I think of the problem. So hardware support, software support, all the way up to the ISV layer, the virtualization layer. I want problem resolution for the whole thing. I don't want to have to finger point, call this guy, what do I do? I need someone to walk the whole problem through with me. So that's part of our offering in foundation care is you can have these spectrum of support all the way up to the ISV layer, if you need it. That's a new support service called collaborative support inside of foundation care. Okay. So that's foundation care, that's reactive. Next step up is proactive care, which Michelle touched on, which brings into, it builds on foundation care, but then it brings in all of those proactive elements. All the things we've been talking about today. All the things we've been talking about. And different kinds of services designed to reduce the complexity in the environment. So an example, talked about patch management. I got a good story about that. We have a big event called HP Discover every year. It's a big customer event in the summertime and the most attended breakout session in this big customer event. We have breakout sessions on cloud, unified communications, network topology. The most attended breakout session was patch management, just like the vendor headsets. And while you go ask customers about it, right? I mean, they're going to say, I've got 14 patches that I need to upload. I don't even do patch management anymore, right? It's too complex. And so what we do is we offer a set of proactive services specifically designed to take that complexity away. You don't need that complexity in the old world. When we got a tower that's stacked on, you put your patch right on that app, it's right on the tower. In the new world, it all kind of mixes together like a big soup. So what we do is we put our best practices in place. We put proactive scans and patch management tooling in place to specifically say, this is best way to do it. So that's a premium offering, right? And what are the prerequisites? Do I have to have Gen 8? Do I... No, it's not even really specific to the box or the enclosure, right? So what we do, this is another element of the proactive service that it cuts across the environment. When you have a set of patch management or incident management, how are you doing these things? And we do a health check proactive scan, but it's not just on the blade or the pizza box itself, right? It takes a look at your entire enclosure and your entire environment. And so you don't have to have Gen 8. You don't have to have... It's an environment center. You don't have to have HP technology. When we talk about patch management, it has to do with the whole system. Okay, so it's the whole environment, not some box. So Floyd, my question is, the mega trend that obviously is happening, we've been talking about it in the intro. What do you guys see as the revolutionary, key pivot trends that you're taking advantage of that's creating this new sea change or revolution in services? Is it virtualization, mobile, cloud, all the above? Can you be specific? Because honestly, you're talking to customers and you're getting new requirements. You obviously have operational efficiencies with that. What are the key trends that are really driving this change? So I think, and we've touched on them already, I think virtualization, the maturity of virtualization. Even in the last year, if you were to look at the Fortune 5000, how has virtualization as a key part, key pillar of the new environments, how has that accelerated? It has been rapidly accelerating over the last year. So that is a very important part. When you virtualize out across a hyperscale environment, how you manage it, right? The processes that you manage, your incidents, the operations, how you do it, it's just different, right? When you start to look at where the problem set is, what the technology is, virtualization definitely changes support. Of course, convergence, as you bring all of those components together, that's, it's a new way of looking. When you think about your support vendors, just like the IT teams today, they are broken into, or they used to be broken into storage and servers and right, there's all those centers of excellence, right, that you call it. In convergence, just like bringing the software layer together with the hardware layer, it is a new way of looking holistically at the whole thing, right? You got to look at all those components acting together. And, you know, most of the call centers today, most of the customer environments today aren't really taking advantage of that. They're moving in that direction. What about the competition? Obviously, HP competes with a lot of the other big companies out there, but you have new upstarts coming into the, either from a channel partner, or startups, we talked about cloud scaling earlier. So you got these boutiques that are actually growing really fast, differentiating themselves. And you got the competitors like IBM and others pushing their own services. What's unique and different about HP right now? Well, you know, I think on this whole topic in general, you know, I think we've heard a lot and you know, as you guys follow with your services angle, you know, I think that we believe that the support industry as a whole has not really kept pace with the change of technology. You know, I think most of what you see out there, including some of the boutique shops, is still structured around the discrete systems, right? So really tackling the whole thing as a whole is a trend. It's a fast-moving trend, but we don't think that there's that many people really, really jumping in it. And reason why we think that is because, you know, it's, there's not too many companies out there that have all of the pieces in the chain, right? I mean, you have to be able to look at everything all the way up the stack in order to really tackle the problem set. So who out there, you know, other than just a few of the major players and the boutiques really have the expertise in every single piece. Well, we're seeing some joint ventures like with Cisco. We're seeing some joint ventures with Cisco and others VCE and other types of services out there emerging. Not sure if the partnering versus having the actual product will be a fit. Dave and I are watching that. It seems to be working well for those guys with VCE in particular. Well, in HP, I think the trend is your friend there. I mean, we just did some study on this and we see that the whole converged infrastructure play is going to be the dominant approach in the marketplace by 2017, well over half of the sale. So, but I wanted to come back to the offerings just to make sure we had those down, if I may. Please. So we got foundation care, we got proactive care. I think we get those. Then you've got data center care. So what is that? Do these build on each other? They do. They do, they do. Does the air service or? Well, so yeah, foundation care is sort of the base level reactive with all the components reinvented for this new environment. Then proactive care layers on top of that, which brings in all the proactive elements that we talked about, not just the tooling, the direct to experts, the rapid call-in to the advanced solution center. Data center care is kind of a whole new way of thinking about support. It's treating data center, the data center as a unit. Yeah, so it's a unit of support. So as you look at it, it's breaking down all of the different key components of support that you need in that environment. So that would be environment-wide entitlement. That would be enhanced call handling, different levels of reactive services for these kinds of environments. So here's an example. It would be data center care for a hyperscale customer, who probably has a crack IT team, and they don't want the ninjas. They probably want the bat phone. In terms of reactive, they probably want a parts kiosk.  What they want is like a parts kiosk there on site. So keep my parts, keep my fans, keep all that there. So be a pallet. Yeah, exactly right. And so when we recognize that reality, everybody's got four walls agreements, everybody can do that. I think what we've done is really look at the heart of these new environments, hyperscale environments, cloud computing, what do those environments really need from a support partner? And that's where we bring in data center care. Well, we're here live in Los Angeles with HP's big announcement. We would not be able to bring our great editorial analysis and commentary, was it for the support of HP? So I want to say thanks, HP. And Floyd, thanks for acknowledging services angle because Dave and I truly believe in that. So my final question is, and it was why we've been publishing around services angle. And people thought it was kind of like, what are you guys doing? You could be doing a lot of other things. What makes services sexy? Because we were talking before you came on about what that is. So why are services so hot today? What's your perspective on that? Well, so I believe that with the heart of services, in any kind of service, you've got IP, you've got back end, but when you think of services, it's people, it's brains, right? When we've talked about this before, what, HP has a great reputation in the market. You ask a lot of people, what do you love about HP? They say the people. Why do you love the people of HP? It's not the marketing guys or the sales guys, right? They love the delivery guys, the brains. When you think about really what is happening in unstructured data, when you think about what's happening out in the industry, the social media, it's not technology that's driving that. It's people that's driving that. It's a brain power. I'm thinking about some of your broadcasts and about the big brains that you put on there that put content out into the world. That is the cutting edge. It's what's in the brains. Flynn Malloy, great vision, good energy. We really like it. We can come back and maybe spend some more time with us today. We're out of time right now, but let's hear from one of those people. We've got a video from a GS expert. We've been running those all day. So let's hear from the people who are actually making it happen in the field. We'll be right back.


Hello everyone, this is Maya, your god. And today I'm alone here. In fact, yesterday night my wife flew abroad. She flew to China to do something with the family. And now the whole house appears only to me. But today I don't intend to do anything other than interest. I just want to film my life and show it to you. You're not only interested in parts of it, but also the new parts of it. Isn't it? Well, in fact, I'm trying to not enjoy the film because you won't sit there and think why am I expecting this to happen? So now I want to show you my new exercise. And this is my exercise. It's a chair and a chair. But most of the time it's a chair. And in fact during the last two weeks I worked every day in the morning. Before that I went to work. And I did that for 40 minutes. And I lost 3 kilograms. I'm very happy about that.   Because I'm the statue that was eaten by the zombies. And you know what I want to say. Here's the cat statue. I have to clean it. Of course, you have to help me. And today I can be a rebel. I can't do this. I'm very happy about that. Because Asians always complain about that. They say, oh, you're not cleaning your feet. And then you're not cleaning the bed and the sofa and all that.  What are you doing without you? Later we have to clean the sofa. Can you do that and I'll clean the kitchen? Now it's post-tag month and I haven't eaten yet. So I suppose I'll go to find a good meal and you'll come with me. But first I have to find where the cat is. I haven't heard it for a few hours. So I suppose he'll do something good. So that's where he is. He's in the clean bed.   Oh, do you like that? Do you like that? Find a job. So now I have to find clean clothes. Hmm, that's a problem. Because I can't clean them. I have to clean the clothes but I don't have them. So for a moment I have to find two that are clean enough. It's not good. In summer Oh, yes. I'm going to bed. I'm not in the sun. Normally I don't always do this. I put on my clothes when I'm at home because my wife she explodes with anger. I'm not afraid of that. I'm not kidding. So I just have to put on something to do that. I'll do it in the sofa I'll do it in the sofa. I won't tell my wife what I'm doing now. So I have to put on the other one. In fact, I have to buy a new one. Look at this. It's true. I'm always angry. So now we can find a good food. Do you know that I am fat? I'm going. So I have to take a message from my friend. I'm ready to find food. Except for one thing. I have to eat. I'm very happy because during the last two months our construction didn't work. It's still very hot here. In fact, if the president of the US President Trump if he doesn't believe in climate change he has to turn it into Australia. He believed too much in the future. Every time when I see a piece of smoothie I love it very much. But I know that it's full of sugar and I have to see it. So before I buy food I first want to go to the store to find out if there are new discos about what I want to buy. Brother, I'm hungry. Maybe I have to buy this TV. That was the movie of my childhood. If you like military movies you have to buy this movie. So I didn't find a movie that I want to buy. That's probably a good thing because I really have to work on the strategy plan for my friends. And if I buy a movie then I probably won't work on it. So I just bought my food here and I'm now going home to watch a movie and then probably start to work on the strategy plan. So I'm now at home to eat. So I just finished eating and now I want to work on my strategy plan. In English we don't call it strategy plan. We call it commercial plan. And I'm going to work on it for a long time because it's a very big document, very complex and it covers all the aspects of the business. And I have to study a lot how to do it well. And in fact I bought this book which is called how to write a strategy plan and according to me it's the most useful book ever. So I just want to show it because maybe someday you'll have to do that. So before I start to do that I almost forgot that I have to wash my investings. Ok good, so I can start to do that. Ok, ok, ok. And that's all. If you liked this movie like it, share it, share it, subscribe to my channel if you haven't subscribed yet. And I'll see you in the next movie. And if you're not there, I'll find you and I'll give you a cat. Muah! Chuck, Craig, Marvin, The Igor, Kuba, Jacob, Jay-Z Knuckles and Shane.


Hello, you're watching People's Dispatch and today we're going to be talking about power cuts. Yes, load shedding as it is called in many parts of the world at a time when the energy prices are rising. But certain countries, of course, bearing the front much more than certain others. In this case, we're talking about South Africa, where in the name of load shedding, there have been massive power cuts taking place across the country. People really struggling, especially the poor. So to talk a bit about this and how this is not just a question of efficiency of a company or whatever, but a much larger structural problem, we have with us Dr. Varsha Jagannath. She's the Deputy General Secretary of the Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party in South Africa, also a political activist and academic. Varsha, thank you so much for joining us. Thank you for having me. So Varsha, first of all, I mean, at some level, power cuts seem such a global problem, but media reports across for many months now have been pointing to a situation in South Africa, which is not just normal, which is definitely a very extreme case. So can you maybe first outline what the problem is like in the country right now before we go into some of the reasons?  And last year, in fact, we had the most days of load shedding in the country's history. And just in the last two to three months, it's really picked up again with sometimes up to 12 hours a day load shedding. In fact, right now in South Africa, we have more time out of the lights than in the light, so to speak.  There's a variety of reasons for this happening. Some of it has to do with infrastructure. There have not been enough maintenance of infrastructure. There's not enough actual power supply to enter the grid. A lot of that is due to the various times in which when there was attempts to build new power stations and power sources, that was, you know, not followed through due to a variety of reasons, including corruption by the state and its various actors. So we've ended up in a situation where even though we have a grid that services over 80% of our population, we still aren't able to access that actual electricity in a very stable way. And it's really come to a head in the last six weeks or so. Right, Rasha, of course, now in this context, you've written an article also of a globetrotter which people's dispatchers published talking about the crisis. But in this context, of course, a lot of questions being asked of SCOM, which is the provider. So maybe first could you also take us through, you know, the maybe the politics of the past 15 to 20 years, which has actually brought SCOM to a situation where it's not being able to provide electricity to a large number of people in the sense that if someone were to ask what is the reason, what is the larger reason for this crisis? What would you say? Well, I think it's the same sort of crisis that you see around the world, where you have a large extent of neoliberal policies being imposed onto countries, especially countries in the third world, who have very little say in control over their infrastructure program, over how they choose to invest in their countries. South Africa obviously under apartheid had used to boast very cheap energy source. I mean, it's a coal that they're using and were using, but it was still readily available. And that is why our industry was able to actually grow and flourish because there was surplus energy. But there was only surplus energy, obviously, because, you know, 70% of the population did not have access to electricity. But what happened is at the moment of 1994, when there was a very liberal, very open, very democratic constitution put into place, what you see happening is that there was a push to have electrification happen across the population. And that was actually very successful and achieved within the space of 10 years. But there was no, because as that was happening, the neoliberal policies were being implemented. And there was no real infrastructure investment. And so as the grid started expanding, there was no infrastructure investment. And that is due to the policies that the ANC government had taken on. And they are so wedded to this neoliberalism and this neoliberal model, that they don't seem to be able to think outside of it and think about ways in which to invest to keep state owned entities going. There's this push to privatize electricity. And I mean, you know, it's not surprising that many within the society who want to think through this often look at it in a much more suspicious way, claiming that in fact, in various levels, this has been allowed to happen so that we could privatize. And one of the interesting things, obviously, is, you know, the global push to renewable energies, which obviously everyone wants. But the point is that we did not cause the global environmental crisis that we currently have. It's countries of the global north that have done so, and we are now meant to pay the price, and we cannot afford to do so. So one of the things that's been playing out is this introduction of independent power producers who are working with renewable sources of energy, they are selling it into the ESCOM grid, but at a very high price. So electricity is also not only scarce and less and lower than what we actually require, the price is also increasing. Right. So actually, in this context, of course, it's not just a technical issue. It's also clearly a social issue. And as you pointed out in the article, South Africa having perhaps the highest rate of inequality in the world. So in terms of its social impact, how is it actually kind of playing out like that?  I mean, economically, the impact is so massive, we've lost up about over 500 billion rand since 2018, which is about 28 billion US dollars. Apparently, the rates of money that the economy sheds per day per load shedding is around 1 billion rand per day per stage of load shedding. Sometimes if you have two massive stages, then you lose 2 billion rand a day. And that doesn't just impact on an economy that's unequal in terms of the rich and the businesses.  And what you find in South Africa is this then has an effect on a whole lot of things, especially around women who have to do the labor. In South Africa, like in places like India, we have a very large domestic worker sort of condition and a lot of labor for women is taken up in domestic work. And that becomes even more onerous because things like washing machines aren't working, nothing that's mechanized to assist with the labor of the domestic world is actually working. So that's a burden on women. It also leads to a lot of instability in terms of what employment you can have. And as you know, the people that are poorest in society usually end up entering into work that's very insecure labor. And so immediately when the economy is losing money, those are the first jobs that are shed.  Furthermore, we have over 30.4 million people living below the poverty line in South Africa. And we have a population of 60.6 million people. So that's just around half of the population. And they live on about 75 US dollars a month. And what happens is they also, when there is electricity, can't really access electricity because the average cost of electricity for a poor household is around between 60 and 90 dollars per month. So a lot of their salary or earnings or grants that they are receiving will go towards the use of electricity. And from lots of studies, including one that was done in Pakistan on low shedding, it found that it also has a huge psychological and mental impact on people's lives. And you also find that happening. Very much so in this context, of course, when you look at how SCOM has performed in recent times, there have been some attempts by the government for instance, others to sort of blame the unions for raising this kind of, raising the issue saying that the union's industrial action is what is causing these problems, et cetera, et cetera. So why is the government taking this kind of a stance and what really is the way path forward for SCOM and the government right now? It amazes me how much the trade unions get blamed for everything in society. This is a pattern that has developed in the South African state recently, in the paristatals and by capital, who just, and the bourgeois media really laches on to this. There's no understanding of the role of the trade union in society. It's been vilified massively. I mean, we know this has happened since the rise of catcherism in the world. But in South Africa, we had a very different relationship to trade unions. But that's changing now with this rise of neoliberalism really entrenching itself within the South African landscape. And there does not seem to be in the bourgeois media space any sort of gap for the trade unions to actually get their say and to be represented on what it is they're actually doing. So when we go on strikes or when there's labor action in order for people to have better wages, which happens probably for two days of an entire year or every three years, they are blamed for the fallouts in Escom. When just logically, you have to see there was no strikes for the rest of the year and they're still low-shedding. Right now, there's no strikes and they're stage six low-shedding. So they just been made into scapegoats when they have very real legitimate concerns. And furthermore, the trade unions have actually offered really good proposals on how to resolve this issue around low-shedding. There's also a huge policy and a lot of work that the trade union I work with, the National Union of Metalworkers of Africa, NUMSA, has actually provided in terms of having socially owned renewable projects, something that will democratize it rather than firstly take away jobs and increase electricity prices, which is what the IPPs would effectively do. Right. But does the government have any other solutions right now? And I accept privatization has there been an attempted consultation, any sort of vision that they put forward? No, they seem to be completely visionless in every possible way, not just when it comes to Escom. In South Africa at the moment, they seem to be visionless in every possible way in terms of any aspect to do with our society, whether it's the economy, whether it's Escom, whether it's education, whether it's crime, any of that. And they found themselves incredibly flat footed. Just yesterday they announced a new board. By the way, the chairperson of the board is also a chairperson of a private bank and one of the four largest banks in South Africa. And they've not really pushed any sort of socially owned agenda. And they don't seem to, they seem to be following the same method. And they also have stated that if they had to follow the new emissions act around coal burning, we might even have up to 15 hours a day load shedding. And they don't know how to resolve this matter. And they also don't seem to know how to address this in a sustained manner for the future. Thank you so much, Wajda for talking to us and explaining the nature of the crisis in South Africa. That's all we have time for today. Keep watching People's Dispatch.


In the single displacement reaction of a reactive metal with water, we will react calcium metal with water. The reaction is very rapid and exothermic. Hydrogen gas has evolved and calcium hydroxide is formed. Calcium hydroxide is not very water soluble, so we get the formation of a large amount of white solid in the flask. The hydrogen gas can be tested for by using a burning splint. The hydrogen gas is flammable and ignites. We can test for the fact that calcium hydroxide is produced by adding phenethylene. The phenethylene is colorless in acid solution and pink in basic solution. The fact that the phenethylene turns pink tells us that we have produced the metal hydroxide.


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Thank you everybody. We have number 84 up next


So let's start with the hands-on on how to build the composite device. So the most important thing I showed you in the initial slides was related to the fact that with these USB X-TAC, we can very easily create a device with more than one class in parallel. So in this case, in our example, with USB X native support of multiple classes and integration of the STM42 cube MX, you will see how easy it is to integrate and generate firmware for USB composite device. So with our previous library, you have different manual changes. In this case, into each cube Azure RTOS H7 pack, you already have examples like the one that I'm pointing you to here. For HID, CDC, ACM, so you already have an example. We are basically going to replicate this example. I'm going to explain you how to generate the code, how to build and how the application is made. There will be some differences versus the original example that we distributed that I'm going to underline. In terms of functionality, so apart from building a composite device, in terms of functionality, we are going to test the right functionality of the two classes on HID by seeing periodically the mouse moving, and it's moved from the HID device. So it's meaning a mouse, and the CDC Virtual Comport is going to echo the incoming data packet. So very important for this part, you will need a second USB cable I can anticipate you that should be connected to CN13, which is the USB connector on the opposite side of the SD-Link, so the one you should have currently connected. It's the connector which is on the side of the RJ45 internet connector. Another thing that I'm going to show you is that this time, just to show you a different tool, we are going to start with CubeMX. So I'm going to start with CubeMX. Of course, the two approaches are similar, if not identical. You can of course follow along even with the simple CubeID, but I want to show you CubeMX, which is a tool which is actually integrating different parts from which you can start the project that you see in different ways. So in this case, I'm going to start from the MCU selector. So please select to access to MCU selector. Another different thing that we're going to do is that here, we want directly to start from the chip, not from the nuclear because we will start from an anti-project. So you can type H273VG and select the VGTX device. Okay. After that, you can just click here and start the project. So select STM32. I think I picked up the wrong one. It's ZGTX. Select the 723ZGTX and start the project. Okay, good. So we have the usual helicopter view of the chip. Now, we should concentrate on configuring the peripherals that are needed to run this demonstration. So as a first thing, we are going to go into connectivity. We select USB OTG iSpeed, and we want to enable the internal file for device only. So be sure to select internal full speed file device only and not the external. Once you have selected device only, you will see the data pins of the USB mapped to PA12 and PA11. So if this is done correctly, please do not forget to enable the global iSpeed interrupt. You can enable it from here or eventually, you can also go for an alternative which is system core nested vector interrupt controller. You can flag it from here. So here you have the old interrupt table and now we are enabling just the HS iSpeed USB global interrupt. So we are now a slide number nine of our presentation. So we know that precise clock are mandatory for USB application. In general, for implementing an host, you will need an iSpeed external clock. But for a device, you can typically use HS i48 plus an external low-power crystal oscillator like in STM-42L4. But in case of STM-42H723, you can use HS i and the clock recovery system. So on RCC, which is here, which is a reset and clock controller, you can go to clock recovery system, sync and select USB high speed. So the goal of clock recovery system is actually to obtain a precise enough clock signal to be used by the USB module without the need of any external resonator component. So the preference may function are basically its ability to train the internal oscillator on the flight. So in this way, we can meet the USB protocol requirements and have enough information available for the user and basically no issues into the USB communication. So this is just to give you a little bit of background on why we are doing this. As said, we need the clock recovery, but we also need to clock the peripheral with HS i48. So please click to clock configuration. We do not want to run automatic clock solver, so please click no if a pop-up like that one appears. Here, for those who are new to the STM-42 architecture, you have the clock tree. You see here HSE, LSE. You have the different clock sources inside the pin and you see how the dividers are set to be distributed to the various bus on the MCU, peripheral bus or to the AXI. You will also see that you have some output pin because you can basically enable the main clock output on some of the pins. This feature is available in most of the STM-42 devices. What we want to do in brief is scroll a little bit down, go to USB section and configure the HSE 48 clock for the USB. Once you do that, you receive 48 megahertz reported into the USB block. So it means that you have clocked it correctly with the 48 megahertz. So still being on the clock tree, we want to set the full clock frequency. So the minimum high clock frequency for OTG is typically is 14.2 megahertz. Here we just want to run at full speed. So let's try it into this box, 550 and press enter. If you got a warning like I am getting, just click on okay and the tool will automatically look for a solution. And I can tell you that the solution will be switching the source of the system clock mooks from HSI to PLL. You will see that the PLL here will become blue. We will select the right dividers to achieve the wanted high clock frequency. Very good. So we can come back to pinout and configuration. Let's go back to pinout and configuration and let's click on software packs. And the usual select component you have seen before. So as I told you initially, we still do not have a bare metal implementation of this middleware. So for that reason, we are gonna use ThreadX APIs and you need to enable the ThreadX score. This is very important to do. And you have now to go to USB X that you will find in a tab right after file system interfaces. And here we want to enable the core system. We want to enable the device core stack and we want to enable the device controller. Regarding the specific classes, we want to go for device class HID and device class CDC HAM for the virtual COM port. So maybe here there is a lot of settings to be done so I can enlarge a little bit the screen so you all can see. You have to select the first core system, then the core stack of course, the controller, which is the link in the middleware with the physical peripheral, HID class, and then CDC HAM class device role. So pay attention because on the middle of the chart you will have the host roles. You have to select the device because we are gonna build the device. And I click OK now. I think you have learned along the workshop that once we enable the software pack, we have some new modes to be selected here into this tab. And in our case, we have both ThreadX and a USB X. In Azure RTOS application, we want to set the memory pool size for the USB device and we are gonna put 8224. It's 18224. This is the memory needed for the USB X application. At the end of the presentation, we will analyze in detail why we are using this amount of memory and how this can be optimized. So don't worry, it's not a magic number. You are gonna see in detail why and where does this number come from. On ThreadX, we don't touch anything. Instead, we have to go now to the USB X table. So in the USB X chart, please be sure to select class driver two because we are actually implementing two classes. And this is at the level of device score. Then for HAD, we do not touch anything. And on CDC HM ACM, we want to modify the endpoint's number. So currently in the USB X middleware, the same endpoint cannot be used for in and out endpoint at the same time. So maximum number of USB endpoint is defined by four bits. So from zero to number 15. And for in STM42 USB, we can use a maximum of eight in and eight out endpoints. So what we are gonna do here is that you see that there are some endpoints in numbers that are replicated for the different functionality, command or in and out. So we have to modify those. So instead of one for the in common address, we are gonna put endpoint number two. For the endpoint in address, we are gonna assign number three. And for endpoint out address, we are gonna assign number four. So usually we are gonna use successes, number is starting from one. And in this case, what we did simply was to use endpoint one in for HID, endpoint two for command and control of CDC and endpoint three and four for in and out of CDC HM. Later on, I'm gonna explain you what we did practically, but so far the important message is that in USB X, the same endpoint number cannot be used for in and out at the same time. So two, three and four in class CDC HM. We have not touched HID and we want to use two classes. I'm gonna move to the last step, which is a known step system. We want to use a timer for the time base. So we are using timer six because it's basic timer as you see here. So we don't want to waste resources. You could have used any other basic timer like timer seven. Good. So the configuration is now complete, meaning that we have now to move to project generation. So please click on project manager and go to project and give your example name, like I can call it USB X 2810 as the date of today. We want to generate the project for STM42 cube IDE. Keep everything as default. We can keep even the default EAP and stack settings as memory allocation is now handled directly in Azure middleware. And we can now move to code generation. On congenerator, we flag the option generate peripheral initialization as pair of dot C and dot H files per peripheral. This is needed due to the architecture of USB examples. Please flag generate peripheral initialization as pair of dot C and dot H file. Then let's move to advanced setting and on the rank number three, MX, USB, GTG, HS, PCD unit, please click on do not generate function call. We do not want to generate this because the PCD unit is called directly from appusbxdevice.c. You will see later in detail. If you got to this point already, you can of course click to generate code. And the magic will happen and the code will be generated in your root directory. And you are gonna get now a pop-up window right after code generation, saying if you want to open the folder or open the project. So now we open the project. We're gonna get a screen like this. I'm gonna press on launch, okay. So we have successfully imported the project, which is very good for us to keep on going. Okay, so I show you the structure. The structure is the one that we have already seen from before. So actually in the source, we have the main dot C, but then we directly jump into the operating system and the entry point for our USB app is actually into USB app folder usbxdevice.c. So this is the main file in which we have to work on and you see it's completely empty. So we need to create our own application and for saving some in order to save some time, we have prepared a copy folder content into the installation material that we provided for the webinar. So I'm gonna share you a slide to show you where you should find the files. So the default path files to be copied are contained in Azure, RTOS, workshop material and so on, USBX, USBX copy files. So please go there. It's clear that we need to copy this file into the project folder. So there are several ways to do so. If you want to follow along with me, what we are gonna do is that basically we're gonna take our files from the repository and we need to copy them into the project folder. So in my case, I'm gonna open, I'm gonna click on properties. I will go to the project folder and I will go to USBX and okay, this is my project and on the other end, this is instead my source folder. So what I'm gonna do is that I'm gonna take these files and I'm gonna bring them into the project. I will replace the files in the destination and now I go back, close, I go back to the project, right click on it and press refresh and now I should see something in up USBXdevice.c, meaning that we have copied correctly the file. Now, all is set to run your project into STM42H723. So please just directly run the project with the play button. This will build and will program the STM42H723 via stlink v3. So it's gonna take some time. Okay, so anyway, if you have got to this point, so we're just really a matter of debugging but everything is set to theoretically we have the code generated correctly. Maybe just one thing, I spend another minute and then I move forward. One thing will be to check if you have correctly set the do not generate function call on advanced setting for the USB OTG and generate peripheral initialization as a pair of .c.h file per peripheral. This is just an idea. I'm not sure this is gonna help you but to review the whole passages where we are including some .h file, it's this passage here. Anyway, the idea is you are at 80% of the work. The remaining 20, 25 minutes will be on showing you what we did in practice. So showing you the functionality and the second step, just going through the code to explain you what every line of this up USB X underscore device does. So we can for sure review offline or after the webinar workshop, we are gonna have 30 minutes for open discussion. So this definitely, this will be a good point to review but I'm sure that you can anyway follow along because I'm gonna show you basically how it works practically, what we did practically and good some more and solve it and how to move along reviewing the various part and the various portion of the code. So we have implemented the mouse. So first thing is go to control panel, click on control panel of your Windows machine, hardware and sound, device and printers. You should see STM42 USB device which is exactly the one that we just created. And you see the functionality here is pretty nice. So our mouse cursor is moving once every five seconds. We decided to put this periodicity to helping you any way to use the mouse while the board is connected. But you see the mouse is moving nicely once every five seconds if you don't touch it. So HAD is there. Now let's go and see if a CDC ACM virtual comport is there, I'm gonna use a terminal view. For me is there might before doing that, we need to know exactly where the serial port is connected. So please go into your device manager and have a look at the comport. You see you should have at least, I will say at least two comport, one for the ST link and it's a new serial com device. This is the VCP for the STM42 H7 we created. So it means we need to connect to com seven. So I'm gonna go to com seven and I will enable the echo. So I'm gonna write something and I'm getting the echo back. So it means that the CDC ACM VCP is correctly implemented and we have two classes working in parallel on the same USB device and you have seen how quick and easy is to deal with this composite device using a Tredex and the integration of Cubamax. We are gonna focus on what we got and pasted. So I have basically just cut and paste some code but I really want to go through it to explain you exactly what we did and how this is implemented. So we saw that the entry point is upusbdevice.c and you see that the interesting part starts from line 108 where we have the definition of string descriptor and device descriptor. So we have descriptors for full speed and high speed USB. Of course, the high speed is redundant but mandatory for the USB high speed interface. So in terms of optimization, high speed part can be skipped and then we have the string framework and the language ID framework defined here and which are these two parts. So just to show you in picture, this is the flow we are following. You will see a very similar picture into the Microsoft documentation. So now we are at the device descriptor level. We have defined the device framework for high speed, full speed, the string and the language framework. Now we have to go to move forward and as a first thing, we have to define this number here. BNUM configurations. So the USB device can have multiple configuration which are not used in parallel but are embedded in the device and decided by the host. So I will say mutually exclusives. This is not our use case. So we are gonna use just one configuration. So in our case, BNUM configuration will be equal to one. Please remember this number because we are gonna use it in a few minutes. And now that we have defined it that we are gonna just use one of the two gray blocks, we have to define the interface descriptor. So we are gonna have three interface descriptor, one for HAD, one for the command signal of the virtual comport and another one for the data with the related end points descriptor. So if this is clear and this is the track of what we are gonna do and actually what we have already done and we have to just understand a little bit more in detail. So right after the descriptor initialization, we pass this descriptor to the stack. So we are gonna go through this function later on. For now, it's sufficient to understand that we call in satisfaction, the middleware in it. We are gonna also see how much memory we are gonna use in this step. So we pass to the stack, the descriptor and we initialize the middleware. Now that the descriptor are initialized and pass it to the middleware, we are gonna initialize the classes. The first class is definitely HAD. So we assign to HAD the mouse report descriptor. It's length, it's a report ID and the callback. So the class callback in HAD do control click is empty. There's just a rate on zero. Another interesting thing to notice is that we initialize the HAD class and the class is connected to interface zero, which is this number here and to configuration number one. Because as I said at the beginning, we are just using one configuration. So configuration starts from one and interface number starts from zero in this stack. And here you see how we are basically adding an error handler on each and every step. So the error is propagated on the whole level of the stack. So this gives you an idea on the robustness of the USB X stack. So let's go back to our picture, which is very helpful IO. We have defined the device descriptor now. We are at the class initialization. So we are defining the HAD interface on interface zero. You will see that CDC ACM will use two interfaces, interface one and interface two. So here you will have one one and one two. And HAD will only have one input point and the CDC will have one input point for comments and one for data in and one for data out. So in total four end points are used. We are not gonna use it all the second branch because we are just using one configuration. So we have initialized the class, but now we have to create the thread that are gonna handle the classes and their functionality. So we are now gonna jump into a section of the code where there are functions that should sound familiar to you. We are gonna initialize and allocate, first of all, the stack for the thread, which is the main USB up thread entry. And basically, as you see here, we allocate the memory and we create the thread as we saw before. As you have already seen these thread create function, we also have another thread, which is HAD USB X up thread entry for which we are allocating the stack and we are creating the thread. So I cannot tell you that the first thread, so up USB thread entry is the main thread where we initialize the USB peripheral. We determine the type of file, the end points, the DMA used. It's initialized only one time for the whole application and for HAD we have a dedicated thread which is USB HAD thread entry. So the entry function are clearly USB up thread entry and USB HAD thread entry. So in case of single class device, you see how easy it is. So it will be all, but we are creating a composite device. So everything I told you regarding class initialization, registration of the classes and the thread creation is exactly identical for the CDC. You see the CDC has interface number one and we are creating a new thread for it, just one, because the previous one that was up thread entry is used only one for the whole application. So in this case, we have USB CDC HAD thread entry, priority 22, priority is higher here because instead the mouse is refreshed once every five seconds, so it doesn't need high priority. Just a note, I told you that there is a reading example existing on CDC ACM plus HAD composite device. This is making actually use of two threads because normally you would have one thread for the X and one thread for RX. As here we are using the echo, we are just creating one thread for the communication. So as promised, we are gonna jump into the entry function of the threads we created. So the first one is USB up thread entry. You see that it starts with a delay, with a slip actually, which is not mandatory actually. It's used to let other part of the system initialized before USB communication starts and then it calls MX USB device in it. If we go into it, you see that we have this power-enabled USB voltage detector, which is power-enabled for USB peripheral and it's needed for H7. And we have USB OTGA HSPCT init, which is USB peripheral init based on the setting we did on Cubemax. And then we allocate the memory USB peripheral used for the endpoint with the HAL-PCD-SET-TX-FIFO. And we also have the UX, the CDSTM42 initialize, which is a function in USBX, which is initializing the STM42 USB peripheral. And then we have the HAL-PCD start, which is starting the USB device. So you now understand why this is just called at once in the application. Then for the two threads belonging to the class, the flow is identical. So instead of class here, you could have HID or CDC imagine, but the flow is identical. So we check if the device is configured. We pick the data interface used by the class. We check if the user interface has a expected class parameter. We do some action and we add some sleep. HID uses actually inter-append points, which are periodical and CDC actually is not periodic. So in case of CDC only user thread is used. So this is the prototype of a class thread function. You can imagine the same for CDC and for HID. So we check if the device is correctly configured. We get the data from its interface number. We check if the data are the one that we are expecting, and then we perform some action. So in case of HID, the action can be moved the cursor once every five seconds. And in case of CDC, the action can be writing back the data buffer that we get from the virtual comport. In fact, you should expect to get the data from the right interface number that you have set initially. So as I told you in a USB CDC ACM, we basically have a portion of the code that I can show you here, which is echoing back the message. So if we go to the CDC ACM entry function of the thread, you see that we have a check if the data, if configured, we compares to memory block to see if the data we are getting are the one that are expected. And then what we do is read and write back the same buffer and go to sleep. In case of the HID, instead, you will see that in HID thread entry, the body of the thread is actually sending the event once every five seconds to move the mouse. So there's a device connection check. There is a selection of the right interface and then there is the class action. And at the end, we have the five seconds delay, which is the one that makes our cursor move. So as I promised, I need to explain a little bit the memory consumption and the reason of that magic 18,224 number. So in this case, overall memory consumption with GCC normally optimized for size with the default Q parameter is around 36K of RAM, 27K, sorry, 36K of flash, 27K of RAM. With a little bit of optimization, we can go down to 14K bytes. If compared with our current stack implementation is a little bit higher at the consumption, but this is the price to pay for the quality. So you saw our robustities, you see all the certification tests, you saw how the error is propagated across the different levels of the stack. So it's clear that this will impact a little bit the footprint and you see that actually, the tables shows the consumption of the various element and we have around 15K bytes of allocated memory for USB X. So this is the consumption for every function and there are basically three points to be underlined. The transfer request buffer, which is by default 256, this define the maximum number of bytes received on a control endpoint in the device stack. And the default is 256 bytes. So this is the one that is impacting a little bit more than endpoint data memory, which is by default 2048. It's the space for each user endpoint for our full speed device. So this is another value that is impacting a lot into the memory allocation for this functionality. So just one note, the X and RX CDC threads are currently not used so this can be further optimized. So the total here will be, this explains the 15K bytes are located for USB X. And with that, we are done for this section on USB.  STM42 wiki USB page that is a good summary of what I've just showed you. In fact, if you go straight to the page, you will see all the contents that we spoke about, which are also, I mean, giving additional explanation to the examples, which are included in our H7 pack and are basically these ones. You see the one that it's closer to what we implemented today is this one, UX device, HID CDC ACM. And last but not least, I leave you the link directly to the example project in its cube Azure RTOS H7 package. Having saying that, I would like to thank you for the attention.


What did do a little baby boop?  So right now we streaming look Marcus look bro Right now we streaming from the new computer for the first time Check us out. Look how clean it is. Hey yo, so we streaming on a new computer for the first time I'm hoping that everybody is just just just really awesome. So awesome. Let's get it. Oh, dang Marcus Look at that right there. You see that the CPU You see it? It's only 1.2. Yo my other computer that that I would use my CPU would be like 20% 50% let's go Yo Hey, yo, Johnny Chachi. Let's get it. Dang this new camera really shows my wrinkles a whole lot. Yo, that's okay. Okay Let's go All right guys today we are gonna be streaming. We're gonna be playing apex legends Y'all ready? Y'all ready to play some apex legends All right guys today we are gonna be streaming. We're gonna be playing apex legends Y'all ready? Y'all ready to play some apex legends? All right guys today we are gonna be streaming. We're gonna be playing apex legends Y'all ready? Nah, I'm just messing with y'all. We ain't really about the stream I was just Playing apex legends Y'all ready? Nah, I'm just messing with y'all. We ain't really about the stream. I was just I'm just messing with y'all. We ain't really about the stream. I was just We're the next one about the stream, I was just Alright, what about now? Is it better now? My bad, y'all. Let's go. Alright, what about now? See man, that's why I needed to do a test stream. You know what I'm saying? I needed to make sure that everything was going to be on point. Let's go. Let's get it. Damn, this camera a lot better. You can see the Dan dripping everything in my hair. Marcus, you got a filter on your phone? Can y'all hear me a little bit better? Let's go. Hey, yo. Hey, yo. Yo, yo. We love y'all too, man. We love y'all too over here. Hey, y'all. Crock-Pock Cartel taking off. Y'all, we about to get an office space. You know, we're looking to hire people. We're looking to hire content creators. We're looking to hire people on our marketing division, all of that, man. So like if you guys are interested in being content creators for us, doing videos, writing scripts, doing marketing, yo, like let's get it, man. I'm about to start looking for an office space this upcoming week. Let's go. And also, Crock-Pock Cartel is starting the video game division, right? So we're starting a gamer team. Crock-Pock Cartel, I don't know exactly what it's going to be called, but it's going to be called Crock-Pock Cartel something. And we're looking for people that want to stream video games underneath the Crock-Pock Cartel brand. Our first two stars is going to be my son, of course.  Ain't that right, Mark Mark? He's like, huh? Let's go. Hey, yo. Yeah, so like we definitely looking for people to get down with us on the game inside. And, you know, we definitely looking for people that want to work, man, because, yo, I need help, man. I need help. Like the start and pay is not a whole lot, but like the cool thing is that you're going to be learning. The things that you will learn is going to be worth more than, you know, any amount of money I can give you. Let's go. Yeah, there, yup. That's son son right there. Son son was popping. He over there playing God of War. Let's get it. Let's get it. Let's get it. All right, y'all. So I just wanted to test out the new setup, man. I will see you guys. I will see you guys on on on Monday, guys. I'll see y'all on Monday and I'm located in Ohio. Yeah. I know that nobody will probably be able to come work with me in person, but I'm definitely trying to hire some virtual. Y'all did. I'm saying. Let's get it. Yeah, man, we're going to be streaming all games, man, like whatever y'all want to do, like I'm not going to be doing the video game streaming. I'm going to stick with what I do, you know, but like I also want to create a channel. Crock-Pock cartel video game stream channel and it's going to be fire. Yo, let's get it. Hey, yo, yup, yup. I'm I'm I'm in like Dayton area, Cincinnati area. Amen. I love y'all. I'll see y'all on Monday. Let's go. Thank y'all for checking in with.


He, ymfaith, a'r ffaith, yn y fideo wrth yr oed yn closio'n gwybodol iawn o bwysig attacks o heddiw a chyrw'n gwybod, rhaid i gael yn cynnau ni'n gweld wonhau ar hyn o'r narhys. Yn yw'r gweithio'r video Fy ×w'n gwirioneddwyd yn y gynghorol Mae yw'n gwirionedd ei fod yn gwirionedd a'r bwysig arweithio tud o phorio ddod yn y ffwrdd yr Beauty.. Rwy'i gweithio'n gwirionedd pan olych yn y link efallai'r ddrwyng If you're interested in one-on-one coaching, you can email me at nagsfivercoaching at gmail.com We have a new Reddit community where survivors and thrivers can share their personal experience and knowledge It is a private community where each person has to be accepted before they can come in So there will not be any narcissist or toxic people there If you would like to sign up to our Reddit community You can do this through the Patreon page The link is in the video description How to go no contact with narciss Whether it's your relationship partner, family member, friend or anyone else A narcissist will affect you and your life in such a negative way They will abuse and manipulate you, devalue and degrade you Publicly humiliate and exploit you They will develop an obsession with controlling everything about you and your life The longer you are around them, the more your life will adapt to the way that they want to be And that's never going to be anything good Narcys are pathologically envious and jealous Any happiness, satisfaction or fulfilment you experience Will trigger them to reflect on how miserable, dissatisfied and unfulfilled they are with their lives You are specifically targeted by them so that they could use you to regulate their self-worth, self-esteem and their emotions For this to work, they have to be able to look down on you You have to be worse off than them in every aspect of your life For them to relieve the painful feelings they have of being worthless and insignificant They have to project these feelings onto you They have to make you feel worthless and insignificant They have to do certain things to you to make you feel hate or anger towards them They have to manage your life in a way where you have nothing or whatever you have They will always have more than you This is designed to make you envious or jealous of them The reason for this is because narciss are pathologically envious and jealous They are full of hate and anger They do not self-reflect or look within So they can never resolve these painful feelings Their way of temporarily relieving this pain is to project those emotions onto you So this is why they will obsessively abuse you to make you feel hatred or anger towards them This is why they will obsessively control you or manage what you have To make you feel envious or jealous of them They are already hateful and angry towards you As whatever a narcissist has, they can never be satisfied or fulfilled While you could have the bare minimum and still be happy So because of this, narciss will be pathologically envious and jealous of you Because whatever you have, whatever you do or experience As long as it is positive, it will reflect on them and how miserable, dissatisfied and unfulfilled they feel And to regulate these emotions, they must control or manage whatever you have, do or experience in life As long as you are in contact with them, this is all that they will do They will abuse and manipulate you, devalue and degrade you, publicly humiliate and exploit you Control everything about you and your life They will even control other people's perceptions of you and the environment This is designed to keep you in a box to prevent you from hurting them or causing a narcissist's injury Remember, anything you have, do or experience has a potential to trigger them To reflect on how miserable, dissatisfied and unfulfilled they feel So you will endlessly feel as though you are walking on eggshells Afraid to achieve or obtain anything Afraid to do or experience anything Because any little thing could set them off I have had experiences where I was afraid to even open my mouth and talk or even leave the house Once the narcissist has micromanaged your life and placed you in the box Any little thing could trigger them and they could even become physically abusive towards you As long as you stay in that box, the narcissist is able to use you to regulate their self-worth, self-esteem and their emotions But once you step out of that box and start achieving or obtaining things, having experiences This will trigger the narcissist to reflect on how miserable, dissatisfied and unfulfilled they feel They will become hateful, angry, envious and jealous towards you Because they don't self-reflect, they will not accept responsibility for how they feel Instead they are going to blame you for their feelings They will then abuse, manipulate, devalue and degrade you even more In an attempt to regulate these emotions The narcissist does not acknowledge that maybe you might want to achieve or obtain something or have experiences The narcissist sees you as an extension of them Someone to project their negative qualities and traits onto Or as an object that exists to serve them Narcists are self-absorbed and lack empathy, it's all about them They will only use you for their own gain This is not a healthy or productive way to live You are not allowed to achieve or obtain anything more than the narcissist You are not allowed to have your own experiences outside of the narcissist You are not allowed to experience any form of happiness, satisfaction or fulfilment Any form of fun Depending on your situation You may not be allowed to have a social circle, a job, hobbies and interests, your own money Maybe you are not even allowed to leave the house This is really damaging to your psychological, emotional and even physical health You have free will to do whatever you want in your life And no narcissist has the right to take that away from you So if the narcissist is controlling your life Trying to stop you from living your life You really need to get out of there When you are going no contact from the narcissist You need to detach your emotions from them You need to stop thinking about what they are doing Or how they might be feeling about you going no contact with them You need to stop ruminating on past events Or anticipating any hoover attempts the narcissist might make Focus on yourself Focus on improving yourself and your life Focus on your recovery Make the most of each day Don't spend too much time sitting around at home This will only give you more time to think about them You may need to process some experiences and emotions from dealing with them Set aside some time each day where you can focus on these thoughts and feelings If you start thinking about them while you are going about your day Just remind yourself that you have set aside some time for that The narcissist may try to hoover you Or try to test if you are still interested or emotionally attached to them You must continue to go no contact Do not respond to any form of contact from them They are not looking to benefit you in any way They do not have your best interest in mind They are only looking to use you for whatever it is they need in that moment If you see them in person Do not start a conversation with them If they decide to talk to you Use the grey rock technique I have talked about this in my video How to cope with a narcissist If they ask questions Give yes or no answers Do not open up to them Do not reveal any of your thoughts or feelings Do not hold long conversations Tell them that you need to go You have things to do Remember, narcissists use conversations to emotionally abuse and manipulate you It is also a transfer of energy When you are having conversations with them You are absorbing their negative energy You have to be consistent with the no contact Or it will not work The narcissist might test you to see if you are still interested Or emotionally attached to them They might try to make you laugh Or act as though they have something to give you They will want to return to the love-bombing phase So that they can secure you as a source of supply All over again You have to remain consistent While you were with the narcissist They learned you They know how to push your buttons They know what might make you want to come back They know what would normally make you respond to them Remember they are predators They study your behaviours This is why you have to be consistent With the no contact Once you go no contact with the narcissist You will be able to live your life the way that you would like You will start to recover your energy You will become so much happier It can be difficult at first As you may have developed a trauma bond or attachment to the narcissist But over time this will go away And you will start to recover from the abuse As long as you stay with the narcissist Nothing is going to change Or at least nothing will change in a positive way It usually gets worse as time goes by As they begin to normalise their dysfunctional behaviour And become hypersensitive to any little thing you might achieve, obtain or experience They then have to abuse you more and more to get the same relief Rush of adrenaline or excitement They had when they first started to abuse you This is how backhanded compliments or put downs can soon turn into physical abuse Rape or even murder Abuse is progressive It escalates with each episode This is why you really need to go no contact Even if you haven't experienced any physical or sexual abuse Narcist abuse is more damaging It can cause brain damage Mental illnesses Flex post-traumatic stress disorder Adrenal fatigue And many more psychological, emotional and physical health problems When you go no contact with a narcissist You need to be cautious Rejection will cause a narcissist's injury Which could lead to them attempting to harm you in some way Some narcissist will even harass and stalk you for use You need to be very careful around these types of people Especially as you are going no contact As you never know how they are going to react Once you have caused a narcissist's injury Going no contact will affect them They might have an arrested development, but they are still human They still fear loss Psyggypas might be different They feel fear, but have trouble in automatic detection And responsibility to threat But narcissists will be affected by you going no contact They will cause a narcissist's injury They will feel that you are withdrawn from them And they will be emotionally affected by this They will become anxious and they will be thinking about you Some narcissist may harass and stalk you Even after you go no contact They have a sense of arrogance and entitlement In their mind you are an extension of them Or an object assigned to serve them When you go no contact with a narcissist You are sending them a very powerful message You are telling them that you can live without them You do not need them This will also make you feel more confident Having this independence of them Will boost your self-worth, self-esteem Self-assurance, self-belief and self-respect You can live your life without their obsessive control Without being abused and manipulated every day No more devaluation or being degraded No more public humiliation or exploitation You can be free to live your life the way that you want to live You can develop social circles Start a new career, have hobbies and interests You can recover from narcissistic abuse And have healthy relationships You can be what you want to be Do what you want to do You can be you Thank you for watching I hope this video resonates with you Please like, comment, share and subscribe Talk to you soon