Thank you all this unique live event that is being streamed across five locations in our state Was brought to us by our great funder the Lumina Foundation as well as our higher education partners For collaboration on this work. Can we give them all a hand? The Lumina Foundation has not only supported this day and this event, but all of the 64 word work to date At this time we want to take an opportunity to hear from the student perspective We had three students slotted But as we all know for students, especially life happens and so we are excited still to welcome William Vargas William is a senior at UW Parkside in Kenosha majoring in communications He is a student leader who has worked at the office of Multicultural Student Affairs and is an active member of a Multicultural fraternity prior to today's event. We pose two questions for our student What was your path to college and what was one experience where you felt included in the classroom at this time? Please join me and welcoming William. Hello everyone. My name is William Vargas I would like to thank you all for allowing me to speak with you today So yes, the two questions that were posed to me Were questions that I really really had to sit down and think about I think the main reasons why I had to think about it was because a Lot of the experiences that I've had in the accumulation of all of these experiences that have brought me here today Started with these two questions. So my path to college. Why did I decide to come to college? What led me to be able to stand in front of you all today? so Growing up my parents gave me one option go to college and that was it Reason being I'm a child of immigrants I'm a first-generation student and they knew the struggles that they had without a degree and did not want me to go Through that myself So college was always the option the only issue was as a first-generation student We didn't know where to start. We didn't know what to do and that's when the Faculty and staff at the University of Wisconsin Parkside the most culturally diverse University in the UW system really came into play Without multiple different offices including student support services and the Office of Multicultural Student Affairs I wouldn't have found my way to Parkside. I wouldn't have found a way to pay for schooling Which we know is probably one of the biggest setbacks that students have But also I wouldn't have felt encouraged to keep moving forward Deciding to be a communication major wasn't an easy choice Originally, I wanted to be a doctor. I wanted to be a veterinarian But I realized that my path was leading me elsewhere and the reason why I noticed that my path was leading me elsewhere Was because what I learned in the classroom my freshman year. I took communication 108 with one of the professors at the University of Wisconsin Parkside and One of the main reasons why I decided to move forward with communication was because I felt a sense of community That sense of community is what helped me continue to move forward not only in the classroom, but in the university as a whole Unfortunately throughout my path. I did have to take a break I did have to take time off, but if it wasn't for that sense of community that I had established prior to taking my break I know I wouldn't have made it back Being in a classroom that has that sense of community gives you that sense of validation and Validation is key for success for students of color for non-traditional students like myself for first-generation students like myself So I am very proud to stand here as a first-generation Non-traditional queer student of color knowing that I am valid. Thank you Thank You, William and as quickly as we lose students we get students and so we're excited that Logan Shang a Madison College graduate who is also now working here at Madison College as a student support specialist was able to join us Logan again is a liberal arts transfer student who is now attending UW Madison. So he fits two of our system Settings at this time. I would welcome Logan to the stage Focusing on those same two questions Thank you everyone So focusing on the first question my path to college I feel that Coming here to when I have first attended Madison College For me it was accessibility and affordability I Feel like those are the two key areas where Brought me to Madison College back in 2008 It was a hard transition Just kind of give you guys a little scope of my my different inter intersectionality of my life Being a non-traditional student student of color and having a disability Was that the intersectionality of how do I? Navigate the educational system with these this inter intersectionality And it was I was very fortunate that when I came in Madison College. I was able to Be connected to disability resource services here and with my specialist We were he was able to help me navigate the educational system and Has supported me through my whole process and then I'm gonna Talk about the second question a little bit of how did I feel? included in the classroom, I would say one key example that I have is when I had to take a biology course that has a lecture component and a laboratory component and just the the Inclusiveness of the instructor always asking me hey, do you do you need support here? Would you like to modify the lab the labs a little bit and then me being the self-advocate of? knowing what I needed to be successful and working with my disability resource disability resource specialists to really give me the access to Different technology so I can understand the information So I I feel like that's that's where I really felt like I felt a part of the campus and Being felt like you weren't being left out That's probably the prime example I can really give Yeah, that's that's pretty much all I have Thank you. All right. Good morning everyone at this time I'd like to ask Teresa Craig associate vice president for WTCS and Dr. Rolf Wiganke president and chief executive officer of the Wisconsin Association of independent colleges and universities Up to the stage to provide a welcome from our higher education systems Unfortunately, Dr. Cross was unable to be here with us today But we do have a brief recording of his comments on the slide to follow Teresa Craig currently serves as associate vice president of student success in the Wisconsin technical college system with 16 colleges that enroll more than 300,000 students each year Based on curriculum development in partnership with industry leaders from every economic sector The colleges develop people at every stage of their academic and work careers into the technical experts and small business owners that ultimately drive economic development in communities throughout Wisconsin Miss Craig has 20 years of experience in student development in higher education leadership And in a time of rapid change believes in the power of technical education to enrich lives and strengthen Wisconsin's economy Rolf Wiganke is the president and chief executive officer of the Wisconsin Association of independent colleges and universities Otherwise known as WICU WICU represents the 24 private nonprofit institutions of higher education throughout our state and With that we're very thankful that dr. Wiganke has here to share his time and his expertise with us this morning Dr. Ray cross dr. Cross began his appointment as the seventh president of the University of Wisconsin system in February 15th of 2014 the UW systems to doctoral universities 11 comprehensive universities 13 freshmen and sophomore UW colleges and statewide UW extension annually serve more than 181,000 students and reach more than one million Wisconsin citizens through outreach public broadcasting and continuing education programs Dr. Cross leads the UW system workforce of some 40,000 faculty academic and classified staff and graduate assistants He's also responsible for the UW systems 5.9 billion dollar annual budget made up of state support federal funding tuition and fees and private gifts and he reports directly to the UW system Board of Regents Previously dr. Cross served as Chancellor of the University of Wisconsin Colleges and University of Wisconsin extension from February 11 to February of 14 From 1998 until coming to Wisconsin in 2011 dr. Cross was president of Morrisville State College a residential agriculture and technology College of the State University of New York He led that school in developing and implementing a new college vision and strategic plan Which strengthened the institution's academic quality promoted the development of several new academic programs Integrated technology into all programs Encouraged entrepreneurialism and innovation and established applied business centers throughout that college Dr. Cross also spearheaded several agriculture energy and technology initiatives Including the ThinkPad University partnership with IBM and a biodiesel co-generation project and made rural Entrepreneurship a priority so with that we have a brief welcome from dr. Cross We'll play it last just so we can figure that out. We may need some technical assistance Thank You Scott So obviously it's my pleasure again to join you and I do bring remarks by WTCS president dr. Mornafoy who is not able to be with us today She thanks you for taking the time to join your colleagues across Wisconsin for this important professional development opportunity Last year the Wisconsin technical college system released its system-wide equity report While we take pride in being an open access to our Institutions and in our focus on student success That report confirmed that we have work to do to close equity gaps to assure the success of all of our students And to be sure that those leading teaching and working in our colleges represent the strength in the diversity of our student population The focus of the Department of Public Instruction and our K-12 partners is on preparing all graduating high school seniors To be college and career ready That's critically important for those students But also for our communities and those employers in our communities and yet having traditional students be college and career Ready is only a part of the way forward in Higher education we focus on student access and student success Assuring high school seniors our college and career ready really only addresses the access part of that equation If we expect incoming students to be college ready, we have to commit to being student ready To afford them the greatest chance for success in the classroom and in their chosen careers Being student ready it's not a simple matter not all students do arrive college ready And many have learning styles that require adaptable instruction methods as both of our students illustrated At the same time students expectations for when where and how instruction will be delivered Continues to change rapidly At the top of the list is the need for students to be safe Welcome and included What happens in our classrooms is central to that which is what brings us together for this important and valuable day I'm confident you'll make the most of it staying connected with one another To share insights and successes going forward so that we can press ahead in this important work That will be a critical part of our systems shared effort to increase the post-secondary attainment rate in Wisconsin under 60 forward So again, thank you for taking advantage of this opportunity and let's have a great day of learning together At this time I would welcome Rolf to the stage Good morning again. I want to start with an apology. I think it's it's rude to come in when the program's already started But it wasn't a little fender bender. Everybody's okay But it certainly does delay arriving on time I am honored to be here today to in behalf of the Wisconsin Association of Independent Colleges and Universities To honor you to welcome you and of course to partner with the Wisconsin Technical College System and the UW system our state's attainment goal 60 forward is an all-hands-on-deck Initiative and no one sector and no one leader can accomplish this goal by working alone Equity plays an important role in achieving our attainment goal We will never achieve our ambitious goals if we do not remove barriers to opportunity We are all here with a shared purpose to open the doors of opportunity for all students Thank you for your commitment Not only today, but in the work that you do every day We hope you will leave here ready to ready and equipped with more knowledge and better tools So that together our institutions I'm sorry. I can't read my own writing here I'll try that again With better tools that together we can move the needle on student success 60 forward Goes far beyond our institutions or even Wisconsin's economy It is about doing what we know is morally right and what is best for our students Wacoos mission is working together for educational opportunity What we do here today will reverberate into the future as students you teach Transmit this knowledge to future generations I will close by quoting Maya Anshalu in saying when you know better you do better Thank you Thank you for those inspiring words dr. Wagenke going to attempt Today's focus on post-secondary attainment is needed more than ever to build communities and improve lives for people across, Wisconsin This is especially important at a time when our population is aging and most experts agree the jobs in the future will increasingly Require a high-quality post-secondary credential Growing Wisconsin's attainment rate will not only improve lives at the personal level It will also improve all of our futures So I thank you for your work and stand ready to assist on this critical effort It gives me great pleasure to welcome our third student who was able to get in So again, we're excited about that all you faculty. This isn't uncommon, right? We welcome them in however they come Brooklyn Dixon is a graduate of the Milwaukee Institute of Art and Design, which is an independent college Again, I will remind us of the two posed questions What was your path to college and what was one experience where you felt included in the classroom, Brooklyn? Good morning, everyone Excuse me at my tardiness. I was pulled over by Madison police This is my first time ever in Madison as you can tell by my name I'm not from Wisconsin, but thank you for having me Um My path to college was really um me trying to get away from home Um, I mean that in a good and a bad way. I was searching for independence But also I was running from family issues and I was seeking my own like support system far away from here I had a couple women in my community that sort of Forced me By like guiding me down the right path to make sure I got To where I needed to go and the scholarships that I needed But being in college was like very Turbulent I Didn't have many experiences that made me feel included in the classroom In fact, I had experiences in which when I pointed out some of the Racist things that were happening to me. Some of my professors actually denounced that and denied some of my claims so One of the best experiences I did feel though was I had a class run by a professor named Andrew Lindsay where we um we broke down lyrics to rap songs and it made me feel like I could actually express my ideas on a level where like a Collegiate level to put it in that way And it helped me find comfort in the classroom The other thing that helped me find comfort in the classroom was really something I'd like to call the gospel and I'm not up here to talk about religion, but I Think the gospel and definition is of course like the teachings of Christ however it's also defined as Black American evangelical singing Usually southern usually Christian The gospel tends to find itself growing in my lungs on the days when the mosque that is my body is empty It's when nobody is listening Something inside me still be singing Something inside me be ringing it be church bells making trap music against my chest Because they couldn't find a way to call me treasure without two chains Or at least two cuffs It'd be hard to build the cell tall enough without at least a couple stories So she told the overseer my name was Emmett.  I rather you take my crown than my voice You don't know me to be violent But you damn sure don't know me to be silent and I've seen how fast your tongue ties when the fair skin girl gets to talking When her imagination gets to work and they get to asking you questions like are you walking around the institution speaking low and angrily to yourself? And I'm like, yeah, I bet Like y'all don't listen to DMX like it's a crime for me to know these rap songs like the back of my hand I see how you've given me the back of your hand I see how you've given me the side of your cheek I peep how my presence makes you tweak how it ignites your fear how this black boy joy brings you to tears How a piece of you is sacrifice for this seance, but I know I Know that they don't know how to dance like me So watch me rain dance when the drought get to grabbing at my pockets watch me We dream like web watch my knuckles make magic see him construct call it built call it flexing I know we love to see a black body in distress but my body too holy to not see the God Pouring out of my pores too. Holy to not see the depression at my ankles Because they've been trying to tell me I can't dance Like my mama Ain't teach me better than any Floyd Mayweather like she ain't teach me to survive in a concrete jungle So call me ape call me Bobby call me Huey call me Emmett or call me a gospel Brewing in my lungs on the days when the moss that is my body is empty This institution has not taught me to hate the black that is me Thank you, I appreciate you and this folks is why we're here We need more Williams More Brooklands More Logan's to make it through our institutions and to find their way


So you want to start your own brand. You want to be the next Nike or maybe you want to start your own general store and you want to be as big as Target. Maybe you want to be the next Walmart. Maybe you want to be the next Foot Locker. Did you know that most major brands or major stores out there right now incorporate dropshipping in one form or another? It's true. There's a lot of different companies out there, a lot of different big name brands that all incorporate dropshipping into at least one part of their business. Of course, they're all going to have their own stock and their own warehouses where they ship everything out from, but for every few products, some specific products, maybe some limited edition products, they actually dropship them.  So if you ever wanted to start your own brand through dropshipping but you didn't really think it was possible or you thought there was too much competition or you just thought major brands don't dropship. Well, I'm here to tell you that that is 100% not true and you can totally do it with the guidance of this video. I know you can. Now before we continue any further, let me know down in the comments below what kind of dropshipping store you want to start. Do you want to focus on just one product? Do you want to focus on a particular niche? Or do you want to start a general store? Let me know down in the comments below. I would love to hear your thoughts on this. And with that, let's go ahead and get started with how you can start your own branded dropshipping store. Let's go. So the first thing that you need to think about when it comes to starting your branded dropshipping store is what kind of store do you want to open? Do you want to have a general store? So do you want to sell a little bit of everything? Do you want to have a niche store? So do you want to stick to one particular category? Or do you want to have a one product store? You want to just stick to one particular product? For the most part, most branded dropshipping stores are either going to be niched or single product stores. There's not a lot of general stores out there that are branded, but that's not to say it's not possible. So once you figure out what kind of store that you want to start, then the next thing you need to do is figure out what you want to sell. So in this case, you need to start doing some market and product research. Remember, a lot of the times, if you're super passionate about a particular item, if you like a particular item a little bit too much and you really want to make that item or niche your entire dropshipping business, always remember that there needs to be demand. If there's no demand for that particular item, then no matter how passionate you are about it, it's not going to sell. People need to want that item. People need to want the niche or the service or whatever it is. There needs to be some sort of demand before you start getting any sales. If there's no demand, you're going to be wasting time and money. Now, how do you know whether or not there's demand for an item or niche? Well, there's a few different ways to find this out. For one, I'm going to show you my favorite way of doing it and that's by using Google Trends. So here we're over at Google Trends and we're going to look up a particular niche. So let's say you want to start a swim war business. You want to start selling swimsuits.  I like to switch this over to the past five years because this can give you a clear trend of the ups and the downs, the highs and the lows. Now, as you can see, this is a five year span and there's always a bottom and a top. So what this means is simply put in between the months of November to about December. Nobody's really looking for swimsuits online. Nobody's Googling that. But a little bit after that around January, the Google searches start to rise and they peak right around summertime, June 2nd to June 8th. Then around the time it starts to go down and it finishes off around October to November. And then once again, just like the year before, it starts to rise around December to January, peaking once again at June. Now, as you can see, this is a clear trend every single year for the past five years, even going on to 2023 where it peaks at May to June. Now, what does this tell us? This tells us that we don't want to start listing our swimsuits in June. We want to have everything already set up for June. So we're going to start looking for these particular products and we're going to start listing them around the beginning of the year or end of the year. So between December to January, because that's when the searches are going to start increasing and that's when people are going to find your drop shipping store, because that's when there's more demand for this item. Another way of doing this is by simply using the AliExpress drop ship center. These are all items that have been trending and selling on AliExpress. Now, when you click into the website, you can see a few different things. So for one, you can see how many of a particular item I've sold. So these test lines have sold over 3000 and it actually has a seven day growth rate of 72%. That means in the last week, people have been looking for this. Aside from that, if you keep going, you also have star reviews. So you can see that this one has a five star review and only four have sold. But this right here, this extension nozzle actually has a 4.8 star review and over 9,000 sold. Aside from that, you can also find trending products on the AutoDS marketplace and handpicked product section. Now on here, you have tons of different products that have been proven to sell in the past and are currently trending. All of these different products have been hand selected by expert drop shippers. So these are people that have had years in the game and they know the ins and outs of the entire business. Now on the marketplace itself, what I like to do is I like to switch the supplier to AutoDS suppliers. Here you also have products from Amazon as well as AliExpress. But my favorite is always going to be the AutoDS suppliers because for one, they have the fastest shipping and two, you have the ability to brand some of these items. So taking a look at some of the items on the marketplace through the AutoDS suppliers, the first one that we're going to see here actually ships between six to nine business days. Now that's not six to nine business days for them to ship out the item. That's actually six to nine business days for your customer to receive their item. So as you can see, that's some pretty fast shipping. Aside from that, what I wanted to show you is the customizable branding. If you see any one of these that says customizable branding, what that means is that this item will ship with a custom thank you card with your logo on it. This adds a little personal touch that trust me, when I say customers are going to remember and it really makes them feel a lot more appreciated as a customer. Aside from that, another really awesome tool that you have here is the TikTok ad spy. So the TikTok ad spy, what this does is it gives you every single ad for pretty much every single product that there is on TikTok. And we all know that TikTok is the number one place to find trending items and to go viral. So that way you can start making some sales. But the way that you would use this is simply by navigating over here to the TikTok ad spy section. And me personally, what I am the doing is I just scroll through all of these different ads and I see which one of these items actually catches my eye. If there's one that catches my eye, let's say this one, for example, I'm going to go ahead and click on see TikTok ad and let's see what this is. Better get ready for the winter. Looks like he's advertising beanies. Yep, that's exactly what it is. So down here, you can see product info, one piece, warm neck protection, headwear hat. Now this item right here could potentially be a very popular dropshipping item. Now let's look at the impressions. So over 166,000 people have seen it. 6.5,000 people have actually liked the post and 140 people have commented. So giving this information that you see here, you can start to make decisions whether or not you want to start looking more into these particular items. So the easiest way to use the TikTok ad spy is by simply going on there, searching through the different videos, see which one of these items catches your eye and see if it has good interactions. If you see that a lot of people are interacting with it, if you see that it has a lot of positive comments, then that particular product might be worth doing a little bit deeper research into to see if it's worth you actually selling it. So once you figured out what you want to sell, and you figure out the products that you want to sell, then the next thing that you need to do is figure out where you're going to source your products from. Now I already gave you two different suppliers I showed you at the express with their dropship sensor, and I showed you the out of the S marketplace and private suppliers. Now aside from that, you also have a few other suppliers that you can choose from that are very reliable, one of them being CJ dropshipping. CJ dropshipping is primarily located in China, but they do have warehouses all around the world. So regardless of where you're going to be dropshipping to, you can rest assured that you're going to have some pretty quick shipping. Aside from that, they also have a sourcing request, which I think is absolutely fantastic. If you find a particular item in another supplier that you can't find on CJ dropshipping, you can reach out to them and they can source that product for you, so you can purchase it from their platform. And another thing I like to mention about CJ dropshipping that I really like is the fact that they have print on demand printing. So what print on demand is simply put, you get to design your own merchandise. You can put your designs on cups, t-shirts, mousepads, phone cases, towels, you name it. Aside from the typical Chinese suppliers, another option that you have is retail suppliers. And one of the best ones has to be Walmart. Walmart always has different robux, they have different coupons, they have different savings. At Walmart, you're always going to have some fantastic pricing. And on top of that, you have amazing customer service. And my favorite feature of using Walmart as a supplier is the price match guarantee. Now, what the price match guarantee does is it gives you the ability to take advantage of savings after you've made a purchase. So let's say you source a pair of shoes from Walmart for $50. And the next day, they go on sale down to $30. So right there, you're thinking, oh, if I had just waited one day, I would have saved an extra 20 bucks and essentially made an extra $20. Well, what the price match guarantee does is it lets you call into Walmart, you tell them what happened that you make your purchase. And the very next day, the item went on sale. They'll go ahead and give you back that difference. They'll honor the price from that day. All right. So after you found what supplier that you're going to go with, or which suppliers you're going to go with, because honestly, I always suggest that you go with multiple suppliers for the same item. Reason being is if one day one of the suppliers runs out of a particular item, or they increase their prices by two or three folds, then you always have a different supplier to go to to save your butt. So that way you don't miss out on any profits. So the next thing you need to do is figure out where you're going to sell. Now, this is pretty important because depending on the platform that you're dropshipping on, it can be either easier or harder to actually start a brand around it. Now, typically speaking, when it comes to starting your own brand, the best platforms are going to have to be Shopify and Etsy. You can still drop ship on other platforms such as eBay or Amazon. But when it comes to actually starting a brand, starting your own store, trying to get some brand recognition, Shopify and Etsy are going to be your best friends. The reason being is because on Shopify, you can create your own custom website. You can design it however you want to be relevant to your brand. You can adjust all of the colors, the logos, the names, the button colors, the fonts, everything. And when it comes to Etsy, Etsy is known for small businesses. Etsy is known for handcrafted items and Etsy is very well known for boutiques. So you can start a boutique, which can ultimately end up being your brand. Now, the reason I say that a platform like eBay won't work as well to be able to build your brand is because most of the people that go on eBay, whether it's a sell or to purchase, they're looking for particular items. A lot of times those items are going to be used, a lot of times their items are going to be new. Sometimes they're going to be secondhand items. It's a little bit of everything on eBay, which makes it a lot harder to build brand recognition. Essentially, there's just too much going on there. Now, this is the part where a lot of people get lost when actually starting their brand. A lot of the times people just brand absolutely everything, but that's not necessarily always the best thing to do. The best and easiest way to go about this is simply by starting a somewhat general store where you're going to be able to sell a little bit of everything, or you can still start your niche store. But the whole point is sell different items, sell whether they be in the same niche or in different niches, and see which one actually starts to work, which everyone's actually started to get sales, which everyone starts to get recognition. The products are going to be the most popular and the most trending in your stores. Then that's when you want to start focusing on those products.  Or do I want to build a brand around the niche of this product? You need to test out all of your different items and you need to see what works. You can't just go with your gut feeling and go with the product that you like, because just because you like it doesn't mean that everyone's going to like it. It doesn't mean that it's going to provide value to everyone's life and that will ultimately lead to you losing time and money. Now when you finally find that product or that niche that you want to start building your brand around, that's when you really need to hone in all of your focus to this brand. One of the most important things that you're going to need to do is create a logo. Now one of the easiest ways to create a logo is simply by going to Canva. On Canva you can find anything and everything when it comes to design and you can customize everything. It's super easy to use. So the first thing you're going to do once you're on Canva is you're going to go to create a design and then you're going to click on logo. Once you're on here, then you can start designing whatever it is that you need. Now if you don't know how to create a logo or you don't know what name to use for your business, which again that's another thing that's extremely important, your logo and the name of your brand. So if you don't know what you want to do, simply go on ChatGBT and ask it. So random niche and topic but what are some brand names for a store that sells modern-day kitchen items and then let's just see what it tells us. So here's a few different ones that it gives us. Kitchencraft provisions, urban kitchen innovations, trendy kitchen essentials, mod kitchen store, contemporary cookware co. I actually really like that one right there. So we're going to go with contemporary cookware co. Then we're going to run over to Canva and we're going to choose one of these different texts. These are super easy to use and all you have to do is paste it on here. So contemporary cookware, take off that co, put it down here, co, switch this to C, switch this to C and that's it, contemporary cookware co. It's pretty simple yet pretty elegant. But to add a little touch for of course the kitchen, let's add something like maybe a frying pan or something like that. So we got kitchen and let's see what it comes up with. Okay, so I'm actually really liking this one right here. But that's an entire template. So I'm just going to go ahead and add it as a new page. And all I really want is that right there. So I'm going to cut that and I'm going to paste it here. Let's make it a little bit small and put it somewhere where it's not going to bother us. There you go. It's pretty simple. Honestly, it's straight to the point and it's not anything too crazy too fancy. It gets the point across. Of course, you don't have to stick to just this. There's a lot of other easy ways to come up with some really good logos. One of them is simply by going to Fiverr and looking up logo creators. There you're going to find a bunch of different graphic artists or graphic designers all ranging from five to $500. Of course, the more expensive they are, the better and more experienced. But that's not to say that the cheaper ones are going to give you some bad results. A lot of people on Fiverr are just starting out and they're really good at what they do. So they start off with lower prices so that way they can increase their portfolio. Another tip that I'm going to give you when it comes to your website and your branding is to stay consistent with your colors and your color palette. So if you decide to go with green and black, let's say for example, then make sure that everything that you do going forward is green and black. Your company colors, your company font, your company logo are all going to be tied together. So whenever somebody sees, let's say, your particular color scheme, they're going to think of your company as a whole. And that's what you want.  Now, once you have everything set up, the next thing you need to do is start marketing your store. When you start marketing your store, that's really when you're going to start building your brand recognition.  And it's also very crucial that the way that you market your store is relevant to your brand and what it stands for. Now, there's a lot of different ways that you can start marketing your store. And it's very important that you diversify the ways that you do. So don't just stick to Facebook ads. Facebook ads are fantastic. But Facebook ads are only going to target a particular demographic that's on Facebook. If you stick to only running Facebook ads, then you could be missing out on millions of potential customers on, let's say, TikTok. So in this case, what do you do? Well, you do Facebook ads, you run a few different ads, you test to see what works, but you also create content based around your brand, based around your different products. And you go crazy posting on TikTok. You need to establish an online presence. You need to be on TikTok. It is extremely important because nowadays, if you're not on TikTok, you're missing out on tons of money. TikTok is the easiest way to go viral. And if you're able to go viral once or twice, you need to start taking advantage of that. A lot of people go viral a few different times, and they just let the hype die down. You need to keep that ball rolling, and you need to keep posting, you need to keep working, and you need to keep hustling. Now, aside from that, there's also other ways like influencer marketing. Influencer marketing is fantastic because that means you don't have to create your own content. What you can do is you can have an influencer do it for you. Either you pay them to do it or you send them a free sample. Each influencer is going to be different. So what you can need to do is find one that's relevant to your niche or your brand and reach out to them. Let them know what you're trying to do. Let them know that you're an up and coming company or an up and coming brand. And you want to work with them by sending them a free item or by paying them to make a short video on your products. Quick tip. If you do decide to do this and go with influencer marketing, always tell the influencers that you always want the right to post those same videos on your channel. So on top of having the influencer posted on their profile, you're also going to post it on yours. That's going to help you gain traction. It's going to help you gain brand awareness. It's going to help you gain more followers. Now, once you've got that down, you're pretty much good to go. At this point, you need to focus on scaling and growing. The more you can scale, the bigger your brand is going to be. Now, what's the easiest way to start doing this? Well, the easiest and most efficient way is going to be by implementing automation. Now, what is automation? Well, simply put, it's pretty much becoming hands off with your business. When you implement automation, certain aspects of your business are going to be automated, meaning they're going to start taking care of themselves. So let's say, for example, you want to sell this tire inflator in your store. Now, one way that you can implement automation is through your product importing. So I'm going to go ahead and show you how we do this with AutoDS. And all you have to do is simply click on the link and copy it. Now, once you're at your dashboard over at autoDS.com, which by the way, if you're not signed up to AutoDS, you can do so right now for the trial period for just $1. But once you're on here, all you simply have to do is head on over to add products, and you can either go single or multiple products. For this, we're just going to do one. So we're going to go with single and just paste in the URL there. As you can see here, it switched over to AliExpress and the region that's shipping from is China. Now, all we have to do is click on edit now, and you can change and optimize whatever it is that you need, all from this same page. So we can optimize our title and we can even do that using AI. Then if we're using Shopify, we can add it to any collections. We can add also any different tags so that way we can keep track of this item. We can change the shipping methods. For this, my favorite is always cheapest with tracking because it's, for one, the cheapest. And two, you also get tracking with it. The cheapest will just go with the cheapest option and that's not going to guarantee tracking. But aside from that, you can also go to the description and you can edit your description through here. You can also optimize it using AI. You can go ahead and change any different variations on the variations tab, and you can go ahead and edit the pricing as well. Aside from that, there's also an image editor where you can add or delete any images. And as the name says it, image editor, you can edit any images on here as well. So as you can see, you can save a ton of time with importing your products through automation. Now, it might not seem like a lot with just one or two different products when you do it manually, but when you start to get into 15, 20, 30, 50 products, you're going to be all day in front of your computer, simply saving all of the different images, copying and pasting all of the different titles, descriptions, variations. It can take a long time. It really does add up. Now, not only can you automate your product importing, but you can also automate your order fulfillment. So any orders that come into your store will be automatically rerouted to your supplier.  And all of the orders that come in through your store that are connected to AutoDS and all of the items that have been ordered through your Shopify or Etsy or whatever platform that you're selling on and whatever items you've sold will appear here on the orders tab. So here, as you can see, there's a few different orders, most of which have been delivered and one was just shipped. Now, this is where you're going to see any updated information on all of your orders through your drop shipping store. Now, after all of that is said and done, the very last thing that you need to focus on is providing fantastic customer service. As drop shippers, remember, we're going to be getting a lot of different questions regarding people's orders regarding different products. So it's up to us to give them the best possible service so that way they can either one, finalize their purchase or two, come back and purchase again. And that is how you can start your own branded drop shipping store. If you made it this far, then I'm pretty sure that you enjoyed this video and you found it helpful. So if that is the case, please make sure you smash that like button and also make sure you subscribe to the channel so you don't miss out on any future videos. On this channel, we cover anything and everything drop shipping related, starting from some of the best tips and tricks to help you succeed in the game, all the way to some of the most popular items for some high profits. So if that's something that interests you, just make sure you hit that subscribe button. Once again, huge thank you to everyone for watching, especially if you made it all the way to the end. My name is Mario with AutoDS wishing you all nothing but success in your drop shipping stores and catch you all next time.


We will start. Good evening, friends. After a lot of persuasion, we were ultimately able to succeed to ask Justice Avi Chandrasekhar to share his insights. We have already seen that the sessions taken by him are doing exceedingly well. And before going live to the session, we were talking that program and associates has actually in fact helped us to bridge with resources like Justice Chandrasekhar to speak on various perspectives of law. And whatever little I could gather in when they were talking about that, that they keep on taking topics which are quite fascinating, not only for these students, those were preparing for the judiciary in different industries. And today's topic, when we were discussing with Justice Avi Chandrasekhar before we finalized the topic, he said that his past experience has shown that dimensions in private defense in IPC is one topic which is slightly niche also. Coupled with the fact, when you are able to understand, then he's able to master the judicial process also in that manner. Before we will ask Justice Avi Chandrasekhar, a former judge from Prenadik High Court, to share his knowledge. I will ask our knowledge partner to share his insights, because he knows him. We have been connected with Justice Chandrasekhar virtually. He has been connected with him virtually as well as physically. Over to you, Director. Thank you, Mr. Kastchitran, sir. I am so grateful to Honorable Mr. Justice Avi Chandrasekhar, sir, for accepting our invite. It was quite sometimes since we had, sir, on our panel. Nevertheless, I was just remembering the days where I used to go and sit in his court hall and that proceedings itself used to be like a classroom for me. I used to observe, nevertheless, whether he was dealing with a bail matter or revision tradition or RSA or any other matter as such. So, his in-depth knowledge is something very appreciated. And of course, all of our viewers are very well aware that sir is an erudite speaker. So, once again, sir, on behalf of Beyond Laws, UNC and my personal behalf, sir, I extend a very warm welcome to you. I also welcome, take this opportunity to welcome all my other brother and sister advocates, also senior mediator, Mr. Prashant Chandra, who is logged in and my other colleagues, including Mr. Renuka Radhya, who is the HCGP, the Kumar MN, who is a CGC, a lot of faculty members, a lot of academicians, law students. I welcome one and all. Over to you, your Lordships. Good evening, Mr. Vikas. Good evening, Mr. Tharvikram. And good evening, esteemed viewers. I deem it a great privilege to join this platform. Mr. Vikas has been doing human service through this platform to educate lawyers, the general public, law students, and all those who are interested in knowing different dimensions of law. Friends, I was a sessions judge for almost 17 and a half years before being elevated as a judge of the High Court of Karnataka. I was conducting criminal cases also as a lawyer while I was working in the imofisal court. With my experience as a judge, I feel that most of the lawyers conducting criminal cases are not much focusing on these, on this aspect, general exceptions. Mr. Vikas has just observed that it is a fascinating aspect in criminal law. Not only a fascinating aspect it is, but also a relevant aspect in criminal justice system. All those who are conducting criminal cases must endeavour to know deeply about the general exceptions found in Chapter 4 of Indian Penal Court. Sections 76 to 106 of IPC make an offense a non-offence. This is the beauty of section 76 to 106. All offenses are defined in CPC. And the general exceptions found in Chapter 4 wide section 76 to 106 make an offense non-offence. The general exceptions enacted by IPC are universal application, are of universal application and for the sake of brevity of expression. Instead of repeating in every section that the definition is to be taken subject to the exceptions, the legislature in its wisdom by sections 6 of IPC has enacted that all the definitions in IPC must be regarded as a subject to the general exceptions. Hence, general exceptions are part of definition of a very offense contained in IPC. But with a caveat, the burden is upon the person who takes the plea of private any defense under the general exceptions. Therefore, it is relevant to have a view about section 6. What does section 6 say? Definitions in the court to be understood subject to exceptions. Throughout this code, this code means Indian penal code. Every definition of an offense, every penal provision and every illustration of every such definition or penal provision shall be understood subject to the exceptions contained in the chapter entitled general exceptions. Though these exceptions are repeated in such definition, penal provision or illustration. So, section 6 itself provides that all the offenses defined under CPC are subject to the general exceptions. Friends, now what are those 76 to 106, section 76 to 106 of IPC speak about general exceptions. So, they can be easily categorized into seven groups. Group one, mistake of fact. It is covered under section 76 to 79, 76 and 79. Judicial acts, section 77 and 78. Accident, section 80. Absence of criminal intent, sections 81 to 86, 92 to 94. Consent, sections 87 to 91. Trifling acts, section 95. And private defense, it is covered under sections 96 to 106. Now, absence, I will just at the cost of repetition. Probably I might have already brought to your notice one incident in a case which was brought before me while I was the session stated would be with regard to the absence of criminal intent. A young well-built man of 35 years was brought before me. He was in judicial custody. The charge against him was that he had without there being any sudden and grave provocation hit his father on his head with an wooden slab, wooden piece as a result of the same, he fell down and breathed his last. This was witnessed by his own mother. That means the wife of the deceased. When she raised the alarm, the neighbors came running there. So, this was the offense. He was charged and brought before me. I explained to him the grave offense stated to have been committed by him. He had pleaded, he had not pleaded guilty and had claimed to be tried. As a result of the same, I had to summon the witnesses. The first witness was none other than his own mother, who was the eyewitness. So, she came before the court. She promptly deposed in her examination in chief as to what has happened. She had deposed that there was no sudden and grave provocation. There was some exchange of words between the father and the son. Suddenly, he took a wooden piece and hit on his head as a result of which he fell down. But during the course of the examination in chief, she had volunteered that soon after he fell down, her husband fell down. The son went into the kitchen and brought a pot with boiling rice and poured on his, on the stomach of the deceased and went and slept in the room. Of course, this was not to be found anywhere in the charge sheet. The learned counsel appearing for the evidence was a young boy. Probably it was his first criminal case, the two case of murder. He was finding very difficult during the course of cross examination to elicit anything in favor of his client. It was very difficult and I thought, you know, the accused, the accused and the witness were all heuristic villagers. The normal presumption is that heuristic villager will always speak the truth, will not attempt to sue it in a manner so that it could be otherwise and he was not getting anything. Then at that time, exactly when this was going on, the accused who was in the accused dock, he was turning his right, left, up and down. He was behaving in an unusual manner for almost 10 minutes and I was closely observing from the, from my seat and suddenly I stopped the recording of evidence and asked the advocate, learned advocate as to whether he had seen the unusual behavior of his client. He said, no sir. I put a simple question to him as to whether he had made any evaluation of his client. He said, no sir, nobody had come. I told him that it is true that nobody had come because it was a case of family incident. At least you should have examined him as about his mental faculty. He said, no. Then I asked the mother who was in the witness box. Why your son is behaving like this in the court hall, even in a small criminal case of section 323 or 324, accused will be very anxious to know what the witnesses are deposing and why he is so concerned. He said, she said in Canada, that means his head is not all right. So suddenly I understood something is wrong. Then I asked one advocate who knows because the colloquial language used in the Karawali, in the coastal line is, a man has some mental problems. Then I stopped. It was already 145. I asked the advocate, see come by 3 o'clock with an application, probably section 329 or 5pc, make an application. I will put few questions. So promptly he filed an application and I evaluated the mother by putting 4 or 5 questions and into one of the questions she shared at times her son would be so angry if she were to delay giving him food for 5 minutes, he would throw away the food plate on somebody. So then I thought there must be some serious mental problem. I recorded and my reasons as to why he needed a thorough psychiatric evaluation and sent him to be evaluated by a government medical, a big government medical general hospital at Mangalore. He was within 15 days I got a report that he was suffering from serious hallucination and deletion and he, the doctor, the psychiatrist had opined that they accused needed treatment in Nimhans at Bangalore, a premier institute treating persons suffering from serious mental illness throughout in the whole of India. Accordingly I referred and after 3 months he was treated by one of the then finest psychiatrist, Dr. C. R. Chandrasekhar and he had referred the accused with the report that he was able to stand the trial and ultimately the trial went on. In fact, I helped the learned advocate to cross-examine the doctor who had made an evaluation and I put a question on behalf of the court itself under section 165 of the Evidence Act which enables a court to put any question to any witness at any point of time whether relevant or relevant and ask for production of documents. The doctor promptly told that it was a very chronic case, probably it was undiagnosed and undetected and untreated and therefore giving benefit available under section 84 of RPC. I acquitted him section 84 state if a person has done any committed any offense without knowing the legal consequences of the same he would be entitled for benefit under the general exceptions particularly section 84. Why I am highlighting this is that probably he was a young advocate he had no much exposure on conducting criminal cases but what would have been if I was not diligent enough to observe his unusual movements unusual say movements in the court therefore lawyers conducting criminal cases must try to first evaluate their clients and find out whether anything because it is ultimately the burden of the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt. If for any reason the prosecution is able to prove the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt the accused must also try as to whether he could defend he or she could defend his client for benefit under the general exceptions under the general exceptions. I was a sessions judge at Mandia it is also a district headquarters a young advocate who was mostly conducting criminal civil appeals he was a he was a pure civil lawyer and one day he by about 12 30 or 1 o'clock he started arguing a criminal case I jokingly told him Mr. Basuraj why how are you that you are arguing a criminal case you are always a civil lawyer you conduct only civil cases he told me that this is a case from my native place therefore they had sent they were all poor people all the accused had been convicted for offense punishable under section 326 of IPC means causing grievous hurt with the deadly weapon so the case was that accused number 125 had trespassed into the land of PW1 and had the accused number one had a sickle in his hand and all of them trespassed into the land and committed writing and accused number two held accused number one PW1 and accused number one assaulted as a result of the same one of the fingers of the right hand had been fractured so then this was the gist of the case then I was just looking to the medical evidence as whether I could convert this case into a case for offense punishable under section 324 of IPC so that I can impose confirm the conviction and confirm the sentence of fine of rupees 5000 and let them but the evidence the criminal the medical evidence was quite clear about the fracture and the alignment of the bone being disrupted so there was no cause I was just going through the when he was arguing I was just going through the evidence of PW1 by the time it was 2 o'clock I told him come by 3 o'clock and think whether you have any defense intersection sections 96206 of IPC general defense but soon after taking foot in my chamber I just went through seriously went through the evidence of PW1 what was the case was the mother of accused number one had availed some financial loan from PW1 and he was unable to pay the interest for them as a result of the same the mother of PW1 had handed over this land so that PW1 could use that land and get use of the practice and use the same in lieu of or instead of the interest he was expected to his mother was expected to give in the entire evidence there was it was in respect of an agricultural land there was there was no revenue record stating that PW1 was in position of the point upon land at any point of time no RTC that is revenue tenancy certificate RTC record of rights had not been produced and there was absolutely no evidence to even peripherally show that the land in question belonging to the mother of accused number one had been handed over to PW1 then I said it's a very clear case of granting relief under the private defense because being the son of the original owner he was entitled to repel the interference of anybody so PW1 was really an outsider he the case ultimately reflected that PW1 wanted to interfere with the possession of the land of the mother of accused number one and therefore accused number one was entitled to repel the same and any injury inflicted by him as a result of the same would cover under the private defense I dictated in the open court and accused all the and recruited all the accused and of course I just went through some of the decisions which were found in the footnote of section 96 to 104 and that's how therefore because he was a very good advocate on the civil side but he had no exposure on criminal side so well whenever when ever advocate takes up a criminal case he must also see as to whether there is any chance of getting him some relief under the general exceptions in case the prosecution were to prove the case with this background friends I would like to take as to how this is to be dealt with because general exceptions court cannot presume general exceptions whoever takes up the defense under the general exceptions that is found in section 76 to 106 the burden is always upon the accused because section 105 of the evidence act specifically mandates that whoever takes up the defense under the general exception the burden is always upon the person taking up the same in a criminal case where there are no special provisions with regard to the burden of proof the burden is always the general burden is always upon the prosecution to prove that the accused has committed the offense in question beyond all reasonable doubt what is reasonable doubt nowhere it is explained in evidence act sorry no way it is found in these sections of evidence act then how do we how have we been applying this concept of proof beyond reasonable doubt it's a question if even if you even if you see section three of the evidence act you do not see anything about this concept see we have all inherited the Anglo-Saxon law the English law they were our masters so the courts in England have had been applying this principle of proof beyond reasonable doubt and that is also brought into our criminal jurisprudence in India and as a result of the same we have been applying and in one of the leading judgments I request all the advocates to keep this in mind and read this judgment a year 1988 a year 1988 sc supreme court page 2451 state of UP versus Krishna Gopal this is an eloquent judgment authored by justice M N Venkata Chalaya at that point of time of the supreme court who ultimately became finally became the chief justice one of the celebrated chief justices with India he has eloquently explained this concept and this decision in Krishna Gopal has been referred to in subsequent cases so therefore the burden is always upon the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused but so far as the general exceptions even accused were to take the defense protection if you were to take protection under the general defense burden is always upon him under section 105 but how to prove that burden whether the same burden as he is cast upon the prosecution is to be followed no it can be it can be proved by mere preponderance of probabilities friends probably at the cost of repetition I tell you what is preponderance of probability and what is proof of proof beyond reasonable doubt all civil cases the benchmark for evaluating the evidence is preponderance of probabilities what a normal man or a normal man would come to a conclusion under the set of circumstances but in a criminal case it is also preponderance of probabilities but on a higher degree of preponderance of probabilities which we call it as proof beyond reasonable doubt friends I would like all of you to know about a very important judgment of the supreme court reported in 2010 second volume SCC triple three 2010 two second volume SCC triple three Darshan Singh versus state of Punjab it is authored by the then jet justice Dalveer Bhandari who is presently the judge of international court of justice he has authored many judgments all of you know one of the judgments is with regard to the scope of section 438 of CRPC Siddharam of Pamhatri's case you know it's a leading judgment of the supreme court on section 438 referring to various earlier decisions of the supreme court justice Dalveer Bhandari in paragraph 58 of the judgment has summed up and highlighted the principles with regard to self-defense before highlighting and mute agide because sir I think you should give the option to serve inadvertently mute that was muted so because that would entrain what would at least give sir option sir you have option because unmute my video okay I'm audible and visible yes please okay okay so in in one of the uh normally normally the trend of the courts it's very difficult to accept the plea of private defense the the courts because if the prosecution is able to prove and since the burden of proving such defense is upon the uh is upon the uh accused this will not be usually accepted but in one of the judgments of the Karnataka High Court reported in 1991 SCC online Karnataka 570 1991 SCC online Karnataka 570 Shivappa Lakshman Savadhi Shivappa Lakshman Savadhi versus state of Karnataka it is a division bench decision of the honorable high court of Karnataka it's an eloquent judgment I request all of you to uh uh study this judgment and you will now then understand what is the scope of the private defense in in a village the incident in question happened on 18th December 1988 at about 8 30 p.m one boy of 18 years was uh carrying some goods in a bullock cart and on the way by the side of the road the hate stopped and the bullocks attached to the cart ate some uh standing crop the owner of the land got wild he came running near the bullock cart and scolded the driver of the bullock cart as to why he allowed his bullocks to eat the crop then the boy went along with his cart and he intimated his owners who were at a distance the boy and the two owners came running on their bicycles near the herd top the accused that the owner of the land and the accused could see all these three persons coming in cycle speedily so he went inside the hut and took out an axe which had a wooden handle of about two to three feet the moment they came near him he assaulted them with their with his axe and he inflicted a severe injury on one of the three persons mr keshav he sustained severe bleeding injuries and another person was also injured suddenly after hearing the alarm two witnesses came they're running and the injured were immediately shifted uh in a tractor uh to athani which was about eight or ten kilometers the statement of another injured who had also sustained a grievous injury was recorded by the police and at their instance as the injury was injuries were severe they were asked to take to a higher medical institution and accordingly a chief was arranged and they were taken to mirage which was a which is a very big city in Maharashtra providing medical reliefs by the time they came near the hospital keshav was dead other another person who was already injured he was also treated the charge sheet was filed and as you know there was there is there was one witness who was also injured he's an eyewitness so the normal presumption is that the injured will not leave out the real assailant in order to rope in persons unconnected with the offense the trial court promptly convicted they accused uh to undergo imprisonment for life and the same was challenged before the honorable high court of karnataka and as such the matter came up before the division bench is this pk shamsundar is the author of that eloquent judgment so i don't know whether any defense of private defense was taken on behalf of the accused in the trial court but the learned advocate appearing for the accused that is the appellants in the high court had taken up the plea of private defense and what was the private defense the accused is a member belonging to a backward caste the persons who had come on their bicycles were members of a majority community they had lands surrounding the small holding of this accused and they were making efforts to dispose of sim and take his that was a piece land and that attempts had been were being made many a times by the pw one and the deceased and their family members who belong to the majority community so this theory of self and as a result of the same the accused entertained an honest belief that they were coming to murder him so as long as the accused entertained a bona fide belief of danger to his life and liberty life and limbs he was entitled to act to defend himself and if in the event he has caused the death it would come under the self defense private defense as contemplated under section 104 of IPC ultimately the honorable high court of karnataka gave benefit to the accused under the private defense and acquitted so it's a wonderful eloquent judgment in that judgment you find many decisions as to the burden of proof on the accused who takes up the plea of defense and the question is whether the whether this defense should have been taken in the trial court no even if no defense is taken up private defense is taken up either cross examining the witnesses for the accused witnesses of the prosecution or if no such defense is taken up in his exam in the in his or had their examination under section 313 of CRPC still from the materials available and record if the accused can take up the plea of private defense there is no legal inhibition therefore even if such a plea is not taken up in by the accused in the trial court such a plea of private defense can be taken up in the appeal with the only caveat that the accused will have to prove the same and the burden of proof is consistent with section 105 of evidence act friends I would like to bring to your notice one one very very important judgment of the supreme court reported in 1976 volume 4 SCC 394 Lakshmi Singh and others was just state of Bihar I don't want to go in in detail to the facts of the case ultimately what is the law retreated this a judgment authored by justice partially is that if in a criminal case the prosecution has failed to prove the injuries sustained by the accused it would be an important factor on behalf of the accused so the injuries would speak according to the honorable supreme court as to who was the aggressor probably PW1 might have been might have sustained a grievous injury say punishable under section 324 of IPC accused might have only sustained simple injuries as contemplated under section 324 of IPC if ultimately it is probabilized by the accused that the witness or witnesses examined on behalf of the prosecution were the aggressors then the benefit of doubt could be given under section under the private defense in paragraph 18 of the set judgment decision it is held as follows quote thus in view of the inherent improbabilities the serious omissions and informities the interested or inimical nature of the evidence and other circumstances pointed out to bias we are clearly of the opinion that the prosecution has miserably failed to prove the case against the appellants beyond reasonable doubt normally this court that is the apex court does not interfere in an appeal by specially with concurrent finding of fact but this is one of those cases where judgment of the high court is manifestly perverse and where the high court has not considered important circumstances which completely demolish the prosecution case in fact the high court has hardly made any real attempt to analyze is or discuss the evidence and has merely upon the finding of the session jet by narrating the evidence relied upon by it we have already pointed out that on one of the most important points arising in a criminal case namely non-explanation of the injuries of the person of the accused by the prosecution the high court has not only committed an error an error of fact but an error of law by showing a lack of proper appreciation of the principles decided by the Scott ultimately what we can say is if the if there is if the witnesses are inimically disposed towards the accused and there the the court will have to be very skeptical and cautious with regard to their version and such version will have to be taken with a pinch of salt particularly when the accused themselves are sustained injuries let us assume in your neighbor house by about say midnight there is an alarm somebody is crying you will see somebody has already trespassed there into their house and they have been held captive and you take something you know you have a gun you you come back to your house and you have a say pistol licensed pistol and if to save those innocent persons who have already been kept taken captive and being injured and if you shoot at them it would not because you are trying to save persons who have been inflicting say either either trying to commit their murder or causing serious injuries to their limbs so under such circumstances it would not be an offense because it would be a non offense because of this general exceptions. Lastly friends coming to the Darshan Singh case decided by the honorable high court bondable supreme court that is just Dalveer Bandari 10 points have been clearly enunciated I will just quote paragraph 58 self-preservation is the basic human instinct and is duly recognized by the criminal jurisprudence of all civilized countries all free democratic and civilized countries recognize the right of private defense within certain reasonable limits because it is the duty of every state to protect their citizens but at the same time if a citizen is being attacked by somebody without there being any reason so then during such course the the such innocent person need to be protected the right of private defense is available only to one who is suddenly confronted with the necessity of averting and impending danger and not creation that means there must be a reasonable apprehension of danger to the life and liberty and as long as that persists using the private defense and retaliation would be justified and what the the k-weight put is is available only to one who is suddenly confronted with the necessity of averting and impending danger and not self-creation friends these sections 76 to 106 one important section is section 99 which specifically states that acts against which there is no private defense for example if a police officer armed by a warrant issued by a court criminal court comes to you one's house to arrest somebody the two in a uniform he cannot have any retaliation to the police officer if the police officer uses the extra force then what was required then only repulsion could be there therefore the private the general exceptions will have is has a k-weight in section 99 three a mere reasonable apprehension is enough to put the right of self-defense into operation in other words it is not necessary that there should be an actual commission of the offense in order to give price to the right of private defense it is enough if they accused apprehended that such an offense is contemplated and it is likely to be committed if the right of private defense is not exercised that is this is what this principle was applied by the honorable high court of karnataka in laxmana shiva pa laxmana savadish case because the the the apprehension entertained by the accused that there would be danger to his life and limb because he the manner in which all these three persons came running on with speedily in their motor bicycles to his house he had already entertained an apprehension and that apprehension was valid fourth one the right of private defense commences as soon as reasonable apprehension arises and it is co-terminous with the duration of such apprehension that means the moment that apprehension goes no retaliation should take place it is unrealistic to expect a person under assault to modulate his defense step by step with any earth mathematical exactitude in private defense the force used by the accused are not to be only disproportionate or much greater than necessary for protection of the person of the property it is well settled that even if the accused does not plead defense self-defense it is open to consider such a plea if the same arises from the material on record that means if for any reason during the evaluation of the evidence the learner judge comes to the conclusion that the that right of private defense is made out not withstanding the fact that the council for the accused has pleaded even then the court can give the relief under the general exceptions that particularly the private defense let us assume that the advocate for the accused has not pleaded at all but during the course of writing judgment and after evaluating the evidence the judge come to the country this is a fit case in which the private defense could be given it could be given it is well settled that even if the accused does not plead self-defense it is open to consider such a plea if the same arises from the material on record the accused need not prove the existence of the right of private defense beyond reasonable doubt it is enough if he proves it on the basis of preponderance probabilities the penal code confers the right of private defense only when the unlawful or unwrongful act is in effect a person who is in imminent and reasonable danger of losing his life or limb may in exercise of self-defense inflict any harm even extending death on his asylum either when the assault is attempted or directly threatened probably I still I go back to my college days when my teacher who was dealing with criminal IPC had just asked whether the jailer who executes a convict on the warrant of the execution issued by the court which convicted him would be a murder because he is also see he is executing so we were all because we were not quite prepared to say as to what to do so this is a case though he is executing he is executing the orders of a court though ultimately it leads to the death of that person it would not be a murder that is also covered because it's a judicial act that's a judicial act friends I don't want to go to the nuances of the general exceptions and particularly the private difference I have brought to your notice few instances so that you will catch up with the well-liked principles please read general exceptions thoroughly and try to apply wherever it is possible let us assume that you fail in proving the private defense but ultimately the prosecution is expected to prove the guilt of the accused beyond all reasonable doubt and the prosecution just because you have taken up the plea of self-defense the prosecution is not relieved of its initial responsibility of proving the case beyond reasonable doubt this is what I have felt that I should convey I'm extremely grateful to Mr. Vikas Chhatrat for giving me an opportunity I once again congratulating for doing wonderful and human service to the legal field through his platform and he has not only roped in persons connected with law he has roped in other persons interdisciplinary to deal with interdisciplinary subjects of law I once again congratulate Mr. Vikram for supporting him thank you viewers if you have any one or two questions I can just try to answer before we go to the question and answer session I would like to welcome Mr. Chandigushan the Deputy Solicitor General of PDR for Karnataka sir I would request you to speak a few words but after that we will take up the Q&A session Chandigushan sir we are noting him Chandigushan you'd also like to thank Natharaju B. Advocate who has shared all the judgments which sir was discussing during his erudite session Mr. Shanti, Shanti Kushan ji I will just take as to whether there is any question I will take it from the you then by you yeah meanwhile we take up the Q&A session post that I think you will give him an opportunity this is by Ushmishra should private defense be exercised in proportion to the imminent danger no no in fact Justice Dalveer Bandari has just settled there cannot be any mathematical precision it all depends upon the reasonable apprehension that the accused entertains if he entertains a reasonable apprehension that he is he will be murdered though not ultimately he may not be murdered or a very serious injury be inflicted upon him still he can exercise the private defense there cannot be any mathematical precision in this data that's what exactly said it is unrealistic to expect a person under assault to modulate his defense step by step within her mathematical exactitude in fact I request all of you to read Darshan Singh's case of Justice Dalveer Bandari because he has referred to earlier decisions of the Supreme Court on various aspect and has ultimately called out the principles found therein. So there is no question on the YouTube also. I have a question sir made it very clear that though the defense of private difference is not taken during the course of trial it could be taken perhaps during the subsequent appeal or the revision stage yes we have any judicial precedents for this. No I don't know whether it was argued in this Lakshman sir I have not come across anything in fact please take in my own case it would be it was I who took up that help to took up that defense and helped the London Council appearing for the accused as a result of which he could get convicted say ultimately see the role of a judge the role of the court is to find out the truth lawyers being the officers of the court assist the court the duty of the prosecution is not to get a conviction is it not the the duty of an advocate appearing for an accused to defend him somehow but so far as the duty of a prosecution prosecutor is concerned to place all the materials before the court and enable the court to take an appropriate conclusion therefore the court has a greater responsibility and therefore if even if it is not pleaded and if for any for any reason the court were to come to a conclusion that this is the fit case in which the plea of self-defense could be given and suppose let us assume the prosecution goes in appeal or revision the appellate court or the court should not have given this defense on its own it will not be accepted the in fact the duty of the court will be appreciated for the last question we are taking one has asked for the citation of Darshan Singh I will ask someone to share it and could you just Jawad says could you just give the section 99 explanation 99 yes 99 is a caveat in the sense act second is which there is no private defense I just gave you an example a police officer has come to arrest somebody armed with a warrant warrant of arrest issued by a court so if he comes to house and he wants to catch him and take away it cannot be found fault with though it appeared though it appears to him that he was interfering with his life and liberty in the in the in the meantime if for any reason the police were to exercise right beyond contemplated then it can be referred yes sir the last question whether the plea of private defense need not be taken in trial court but should suggestions be mandatory given to it in the cross examination no no no no if it is if it is taken in the cross examination it is well and good even if it is not taken from the materials on record if during the course of submission of argument the learned counsel for the accused comes to a conclusion that a private defense is made out he can present it and that can be presented even in an appeal without having taken such a plea in the trial court appeal or revision Mr. Vikram has already asked a question on this. Thank you sir for sharing knowledge and thank you for the insightful sessions from your side and thank you Dr. Vikram for connecting with such wonderful persons who are good human beings as well as good resources thank you. Stay safe. Thank you so much.