So I did try and put my slide to use the slides capability and Jupyter Notebook, but I couldn't get it to look nice. So you're just gonna have to read my notebook as I go along with it So basically my talk is going to be about installing and running Jupyter Notebook and pandas on EC2 and then at the end of it I'm gonna talk about using DASC and DASC distributed to fire up a little cluster with very very little effort to actually solve problems Okay I'm going to do a bit of my talk about actually getting Jupyter Notebook set up on a new EC2 instance and That's what I've got up here if you notice. I'm actually hosting this on one. I just made this morning So I could actually go through the steps. I'm gonna do in this talk So why why would you actually want to? Set up Jupyter Notebook on EC2 instead of your own computer There are a couple of different reasons. One if you've got a Windows computer in a locked-down corporate environment Just make it so loud like easy and do everything on the Linux machine on the cloud Two when we start talking about bigger data And EC2 instance is very close to s3. So they've almost got hard to escape sex to S3 so you want to store gigabytes of files over intermediate files or maybe your data somewhere You can just actually pull it from s3 on to your Jupyter Notebook really quickly And three when you want to scale up your instance and you want some more horsepower It's really easy to do by just shutting it down. So again Anything up to a eight extra large Cluster computers and they will only cost you two dollars an hour So that thing's got a ridiculous 60 gigabytes of memory Though you haven't looked down here to a somebody Oh Jesus Christ So for $13 an hour you can get a machine with That much memory Yeah But the one I'm kind of going to be recommending is going to be So this one I've been using and that costs 10 cents now and so at 10 cents an hour I Kind of just leave it up all day and turn it off when I go on the holidays especially since I've got my clients credit card The the good thing about those is being a T2 instance is Amazon actually scales them up and down you see they're actually they've got first of all here So that means they've actually hosted somewhere and they they kind of give you extra credits when they're Computationally expensive tasks. So it means they're cheap and They can actually do the same around the book as a M What one of those m instances is boring to I can't remember what they're up to at the moment But only if you do it And they're about 10 times Yeah So I find it quite good hosting something which most of the time is just sitting there waiting to do some work on it But when you actually want to do some work, it's that's what they see if I'm If anyone else has any other Then you've got any of the stuff I say here and no I've only been Working in the secret system for the past three weeks. So Cool So even though I run Linux out of my work machine, I decided to run this guy up on EC2 I guess the disadvantage of that is I'm not going to be able to do any work on the plane and Yeah, I have to pay extra money Which again, I'm getting my boss to pay for so Yeah, and the course of this talk what I'm actually going to do is I'm going to start up a EC2 instance Going to SSH to it. How many people have actually used Amazon EC2 and started instances on it? Okay, cool. So there'll be a new one for a lot of you and Then from scratch I'm going to install Deeper than I forgot it and then basically once I've done that I'll probably go back to using this one There's a lot of I'm going to put this on the web which I'll then post on meetup with my slides But there's a few links here that I used to do it Some of them use the Amazon AMI that's really set up with Jupyter Notebook on it I decided not to do that because it's easy to set up and it's nice to see what steps you have to do if you want to set it up on your own computer Most of them use Higher security on the Jupyter Notebook then I've got on this example and The example I've got is basically IP based security which Given that when you go Jupyter Notebook, it's really easy to just do that and be able to get a shell up which Straight away and with this thing we can just do that That's It's probably not a good idea to keep the security up for a long time All right, so if you're using this for a long time, it's probably about the first thing I'm going to do tomorrow Things in there but at the moment, I've just got this set up so that And Only this IP address I'm using which is probably all of AUT at the moment Can then access this particular EC2 instance Okay, any questions any comments? Okay, cool so Amazon EC2 basically is where you can plug in your credit card and you get computers and It's really nice For instance, if you've got the kind of work where it can be scaled across lots of computers And dust will help you do that Because what it does is it turns the tasks that you used to think It'll take you know a week on one computer. All you do is you fire up 100 or so computers and you can get that down to a couple of hours or something if I did the actual map That is right So You know Amazon will leave fire up a hundred computers a thousand computers basically as big as your credit card limiters and That's really nice to do So if you have a look at this interface So after you've gone and you've got an Amazon account given them your credit card details You signed up to EC2 I think possibly they will send you a text message now to sign you up Just to verify you're a real person and not someone trying to scam someone's credit card There's a couple of things to go through but you'll have a interface here that Show you what you've got And as you can see here, this is the instance. I'm actually running Just so that you guys know that that's my original one and You look down here. We've got some additional data about that instance All Amazon stuff has a public eye thing Which if you notice, that's the one I'm using up there to connect to Notepad and they've also gone internal IP which probably that needs to know at that moment importantly what you will also want to set up when you Do this is you want to set up a IAM role Because if you don't do that when you initially start your instance you can never give it a IAM role and You want to do that. You want to get access to your own buckets on S3 very easily, okay So I'm just gonna hit this launch instance And I like Ubuntu so I'm gonna select a 64-bit Ubuntu server Mostly because I don't like saying yum install. I'm always able to get install I said I like this instance Okay So that's a you know, it's probably about the size of a not very high-powered laptop Configure it. Don't worry about your Network and subnet. I'm going to have to use these later when I start Generating a cluster, but those things you can have them anyway. You may want to actually Have an IP address assigned to it So you don't always have to be sure what IP is if you've got it up for a long time I'm not going to tell you about that, but importantly you want to assign a IAM role to it Or you just create a new one. It doesn't matter if it's blank to begin with as long as you put one in there So this one here Basically you have a look at what it is If I'm losing you don't worry or I'll get that here You want to give an Amazon S3 full access so that if you start putting your data on S3 Which is one of the reasons why we chose to start things on Amazon You can access it All right, rest of it don't really worry about too much It's going to give me an ankle if I hard drive. That's fine What about tags security group? What you want to do is you want to make a security group for it I've got one here pretty good for the good, but You can work that out yourself. It doesn't really matter At the beginning what security group give it because unlike the IAM role you can change the main security groups while that instance is running and you can change permissions while the instance is running as well Which is really handy Fine, and it's telling me what's happening. I'm gonna start it All right, the key pairs Ten bit get a bit confusing when you start it off. These are basically so you can use this agent to your computer I'm not really going to cover that. I'm going to leave you guys to work that one out yourself It's a fighter to say that I have got a key pair already generated here I have got a file on my local computer called snprivate.pum which I'll be using when I want to communicate with this instance and I know how to use SSH How many people know what SSH is? Okay, so for those that don't SSH is just a way of Getting a command line up on every note that all the names can get abused and it's good to secure and works Then used to be But then I think that he's got rid of it It's used to be able to have some sort of JavaScript done SSH mine, but I think they just decided that wasn't secure enough. Okay, so here's the one I just started Is this So it's big enough for everyone to see you or do I need to make it bigger? That's fine Yeah So I've got this one sitting in there now the only real important thing you have to do is Grab your public IP and then you're going to want to use SSH While that's starting up. I'll actually show you what you've got to do for the security group So there's two things you need to do. You need to be able to SSH into your machine Key SSH with key pairs is really secure. So you're actually okay Having that from anywhere on the internet, but if you wanted to you could tie that down to Whatever your IP is at the moment Okay, and then you've got it quite a nice secure instance there, it's how to check your profile, etc, etc What I've done here is because you've got Due to the notebook that you're going to want to do at some point you're going to have to HTTP on for 8888 and That one day you don't want to let open to anywhere in the internet because I turned off the passwords on that one and That's going to be really insecure I would suggest you follow the Security configuration in each of them those files for setting a password Outbound You just allow it to have outbound Yes, I've got two running instances So now I've got an instance running on this public IP address Right, so that's how I got my old one So this is just using SSH from the command line might want to bump that up a little bit The only difference here is you've got a This file which contains my security key Which is just sitting in my local directory and because we're doing an advantage instance We have to remember that the user name is a dump. This is a real hassle with VCH every time you do your IP address So you trust this guy and because it's easy to write the address is again, right So now I'm here. I can start and stall in due to the notebook on this machine I go back to my other one And basically I've got these two commands to do it I'm choosing the anaconda installation because that really comes with everything and It's quite nice because it installs a new Python That you don't have to pseudo And one of the advantages of actually having another machine to do this kind of stuff You don't really have to worry about learning a machine with lots of Python packages that you may need to use It's a completely different machine All right, so you don't have to worry about keeping your work one or your Clean so If you have a look at anaconda or tell you how to install it And then it says to do this W get is just going to download this phone my local directory One of the great things about being on EC2 is you have awesome internet access these are the difference between files And then we have a look we've got that file And we have to run it with that shit And it's going to tell you to look at the license agreement So users and a condo piping yeah, it's very because I just start using it under any bad things about using it I don't know So so that's that's basically my choice So The anaconda type of distribution, so you've already got Python installed on this machine by fault since it's a Limits machine But it's just handy having a separate Python that's not system Yeah, yeah, so it's got heaps of these packages up here Yeah, you know, so it's that small So it's really kind of a Distribution they call it so it's part of that They also have their own You can they have one called condo And a whole bunch of pre-compiled binary Packages specifically designed that it work more generally designed that it you so some of those can be really Tricky to pile itself. If you just go and stand around for this one It's not the one way and it's more up to date as well Yes, I'm normal Python at this point here, I'd start picking school and do the notebook but since I'm using anaconda I Do condo in school and I don't have to have a group access And that's just saying say used to everything do it quietly so now I've got Jig they're in school There's that little bit of configuration I have to do To turn off security I Don't hate me. It's just a little bit easier to do this demonstration and we go into this file we add the magic lines Which serve Jupiter notebook on every IP address And At this point here I'm going to introduce you to something called T-Mux T-Mux is kind of like screen How many people have used Okay, so What's basically going to happen here is since we're running a computer remotely If I just run a process now And start to the notebook as soon as I Log out of the session of SSH to the notebook Okay, so what you want to do is you want to have some way of basically storing a command line Still going in a process still going on your EC2 computer and then attaching to it and detaching to it as you want so that doesn't really stop when you Make you could if you wanted to just run it with no hot stuff like that Using something here T-Mux Screen starts me and a Session here like no CD No, but these commands are And then you start it up Cool So now it says it's got a server running All right, and now We just press control B and D. I haven't got those in there and I've detached and I can just exit out of there So this is my local Computer now and then when I want to get back into it I can use this again And then I can get back to that section And it's still there for me. So it hasn't hasn't gone away So that's that's a trap for young players When they close their SSH session, they do give them a book goes away and they're like You know, so they use something like screen or T-Mux to And now just to test that everything's working fine so What you can do now, and I've been using this feature a lot is You just open the terminal now from And internally that's actually using a T-Mux as well So if you want to do values here or do things there that could work out Of course, what's actually going to happen when you do this is It'll probably say something like connection refused Because this is we have to go here and make sure That you've got the security group to let yourself Connect to it via HTTP Okay, so that that doesn't come defaulted the instance you have to actually go and add that But that that'll be what's happening You get to know a lot about these security groups and so on Because Amazon are actually quite good at shutting stuff down Yeah, so you can add another port there and I think they Recommend there's another project which will actually Is meant for more multi-user usage I haven't really looked into that But yes, if you want to go open the notebook to someone else, what you do is you add their IP address here Or do the proper security thing and just give you the password I'd probably actually recommend using the password and filtering the IP addresses to be honest Just because it's such a big security hole having someone being able to Directly get a route shell on your machine I'm surprised that you know, Russian hackers haven't taken over this machine already to be honest Okay, any other questions about just installing Jupiter notebook Imagine if anyone's interested they just go and have a look at the instructions Oh Yeah Yeah, well that would be a bit of configuration you'd have to do set up the demon most most of the stuff Yeah, but you're gonna have to want to put a note up after that as well So that you can actually quite your shell, but the problem with doing that is then you can't stop it explicitly Tim actually just handy to get in there But I I'll be surprised that there isn't a way to set it up So as soon as the incident starts going to do the notebook starts When I had this installed before it actually gave me an access token on that page But for some reason this particular installation from Anna Conviz set up that way Which is why I needed to actually see what the access Oh Well, we'll add that to our list Right So now we're Onto the actual fun bit of the talk where I say let's play around with Jupiter notebook and And look at some data Right. Um, so what I was told I wasn't allowed to use my data set from work Because we're not allowed to tell people that we know how to do science see things at work We keep our tools to ourselves.  You know what New Zealand electricity market is Okay, cool So basically New Zealand when they had the electricity reforms they put in one of the most forward-looking electricity markets in the world and so every half hour on 200 nodes on which are locations in New Zealand over suppliers or Sellers about to pass over supplies or demand about just a There is a price week down Okay, this is all done by solving a big network flow optimization taking into account losses Going from point to point taking into account people's demand Um, for instance wind farms always put in a bid that says they want to sell all of their electricity at zero dollars Um, because you know, they don't sell their electricity. It just gets done And say humbly When Humphill is using cold generation it'll put out a A price for its electricity saying how much it would be to generate a megawatt of electricity from coal What then happens is they work out the demand of each node They work out how much electricity they need supplied Where's the cheapest is going to come from what the transmission muscles are blah blah blah all gets very complicated But then they sell at the marginal price So that means even though the wind farms have said that they're going to supply you at electricity at zero dollars if Humphill does have to come online and It says I'll sell you at a hundred dollars The wind farms will get that hundred dollars too Okay, so that's how electricity prices are set in New Zealand, which is why we get things like in the news made here There was time last one or was it two winters ago where there was this huge spike, you know a hundred times normal prices because You know, basically the hydro like stars and you don't want to sell electricity And this is really expensive. So So New Zealand the electricity market is very complicated. For instance, if you look at Australia, they have five nodes covering the whole country Which means it's quite an interesting problem to look at if you want to look at big data sets um so if you go to The electricity authority, it's got a whole bunch of data sets here going from 1996 October to November 2016 And each of these are in months with data for 200 nodes in the New Zealand electricity market Uh being the final prices, uh every half hour Okay, so medium sized data probably difficult to load all of that onto one machine All right, but you don't really need to Go all out and you know buy a hundred machines and do it on the super cluster um super computer So first, I'll I'll do an example of why putting stuff on s3 and working with pandas is really nice um because pandas will just simply read data from s3 and provided you have that iam role Set up that says I want to let this computer access my s3 data It will automatically access Your private s3 data as well under the same um log, man If you haven't set up that iam role even if it was empty and now you go back and say I want to let it access our history Uh, you will have trouble doing this step Okay, and so, um I've read in the csv you see here. It's got the trading date trading period node price I've asked for the top of it with head if I didn't put that out One of the great advantages of pandas is that it has really nice representations of things Um, so you can really muck around with your bathroom and see what's happening So you see here. It's got all your data from January the 1st, 1997 Down to The students first of January Um There I see you can check this all that data sitting in there heads a lot easier when you're doing the presentation because it doesn't take up so much space Um, there's also the sky Yeah, which Does some nice stuff that shows you how many different prices what the means of all the prices were excited, etc One of the things that you notice here is that's picking up trading period and treating it as a number Whereas it actually should be category Because at 48 half hour blocks during the day There's no real reason why it shouldn't even mean Okay, um Oh the first one, yeah So only first one line road Now i'm pressing shift enter on all of these cells to get them to run Uh, which after you've been using pandas for a day just becomes automatic, but can be quite confusing Um, and like good. Um, otherwise what you can do here is by the default view Um, is you can press never done this run And if something takes a really long time, maybe you've done a lift to infinity Uh, interrupt kernel fear is is quite convenient right, um If you want to just put data here and choose a different type of cell I'm not really going to go into a lot more pandas stuff. Um, jib the notebook stuff It's quite easy just to have a play around with this kind of stuff there Okay, so we've selected here the first cell the other thing you can do here is you can just put up That's how they probably generated this in a window machine because they've all got capitals everywhere all the file lines of capitals and them And you can just get um columns out that way as well as well as those So for those of you that's wondering what's what's going on underneath. Um, it keeps basically a python Um, it keeps one of those um going underneath. So if you declare a variable in there, which I'm going to do next That variable will hang around your session I can come back to it in three days as long as you don't restart your computer I restart the EC2 computer or Do this um restart up here for the kernel All right, so that's actually one of the other reasons why it's handy to have an EC2 instance Which you keep on So I have looked at the starter I can see a few things one trading date should be a date All right, so I've told it to pass the dates and trading date This is a really handy function here because um argument to read csv because it just picks up the date for quite a lot of different formats Like if you have minutes and so on as well. Um, you can tell it what columns it should index in Um, which to be honest sometimes gets to be more of a pain in the arse against work Because So, yeah So now when you look at month data It's now maybe these things into indexes, which makes it great when you want to plot it but when you want to then Access it I can't now go And get all the node data from it because it recognizes it as a variable Uh, which you can still get but it's a pain in the arse So when I want to actually see what all the node data is there I do this little thing called reset index, which puts it back what you still put forward and say Why do you need ones? Okay, so these are all the kind of things you want to do to ensure data hygiene Um, when you're loading in lots of data, you want to just make sure everything's right We've got the range of dates you expect. It's really easy to do in pandas Next thing here is you can do queries Uh, over who to 201 is basically Auckland prices So I can now say get me the Auckland prices for January 2,090 January 1997 Um, and it will go in if filters out and finds All of those prices right Which means we can do this boom and you see that's a Um graph of all of the prices in Auckland for January 1997 Um by our powers Which is a really cool thing that um, and then you can do that for us The only unfortunate thing is you have to remember to put that line up And then you want to actually see these things Okay, um I saw somewhere in Stack Overflow how to get it working automatically. I haven't seen how to do it Does anyone know how to get that run on your laptop? I think maybe in your complex files that you can put it in there Because that's another one of the gotchas especially when you reset the kernel Um, which I'll just Yeah, I won't do it yet. It'll come up and it will just print this bit here Um, and it won't actually print, um, this Now when you actually look have a look at what's happening behind here that what's happening is this um X subplot object here is providing a HTML representation I think that gets picked up by Jupiter the notebook And it means that there's quite a few things you want to do if you want to customize stuff and I've seen people actually doing a javascript pivot table Um, we've actually live shipped around the data and stuff So there's there's a lot of magic going on that here. Um, which makes it very cool Uh, yeah, so panthers provides a clock function here, which Does a lot of the faults that you expected to do first time Um, so the reason I've made these guys indices when I loaded it It was a pain in the ass immediately afterwards Is because it knows that you didn't want to see a plot of the price against it's Um, if you want to you can customize it by doing something mine There's a better way of doing this from the stuff But if you just want to see a trading period against against price You can do it like that. So yeah, so you probably want to sort that or Actually do a colonize. There's a few The important thing is that the plot command actually does a lot Oh Yeah Um, all right, so what's other things you can do you can do aggregation behavior so, um, what I want to do here is I want to take all the data for all time And I want to say Look at it over the trading date. So that means all of the Periods are going to be collapsed I then say I want to take the mean of all of those trading periods And see if we get the major gap so It looks weird here because what is actually done is it's taking the mean of Basically one to 48 And see there's 12.5 quite nicely. That's also also giving you the mean of the actual prices Yeah, so this kind of aggregation stuff is really powerful and You'll want to be using quite a lot of the stuff to do map reduce your content Things, especially if you want to start doing it using on bigger datasets Because this will actually end up coming out automatically, which is a really cool thing. We're going to show you how you want to get to the end Um And you can do You can apply any function there So you can actually supply your own lambda functions there if you want to do something specific to that data And there's a whole bunch of things that you're basically mapping over this group Of course the first thing that people will do is this Try and look at it There are One of the unfortunate things is they don't have a nice representation of these group by objects by default Um, it would be kind of nice if they actually had some sort of table. That's it. We've got a count of six things here One of those words. Oh, yeah so basically If you get where I'll just If you just look at price here It'll actually show you the profiles and maximum of All of those trading periods, which is quite useful Trading periods still sitting there as a category as a as a number I should call them category So there's a whole lot of things we can use to look at data But let's have a look at some more pretty graphs Um, I actually didn't need to do this but quite often Uh, you may find that you need a packet and you haven't got installed on the machine There's a little bit of magic that jupy the notebook does by just putting a Exploitation mark here. It actually just runs that on the command line So quite often you want to install a package. You don't actually have to go back here and go conga install You can just go here and Hit conga install there. You can also use And it's Nice percent percent is not I think that's what you do And that'll actually do the same thing See this is like the period I already had that installed But if you didn't that would install it. It's not like fault in uh in a conga And it needs to get through So here you see now a nice box plot of all of the dates in that month All right, so you can actually get an idea of the distribution of the data process um, you can do other things like maximum instead of the mean and You can decide what Tell it to you specifically So they'll start telling you what the maximum and the current prices Which of those days And one of the really cool things you can do is you can start unstacking stuff um Okay, what does unstack do? If you've looked at the data here you see that node is actually a identifier to each row What happens if I want to turn it to me? I run unstack And it will expand my data and you see if that's you've now got price By every node and you've got it's like a pivot table in excel and then when you go here I've got rid of the legend because there's too many stuff things have been fought You can actually see how price is changing by during Yeah, during the day the month and the trading period By each of the different nodes. So you see they're actually quite highly correlated except for these two dates Um, which would be probably something you'd want to look into A little more interested in the start of the anymore time So any questions about that loading a data set and I'm playing around with it? No Oh So what happens when your data gets bigger? Okay, so The interesting thing here is one of the things that um People get when they start getting bigger datasets is they actually start running out of memory before they're running out from the trading power Um, and that's usually because they say I just want to load all of those 240 files And and see what's going across what's going to happen. Um Now That will be fine because maybe you actually want to see just for Auckland what prices have been for the last 20 years All right, I remember each of those files are all of the nodes per month So to get the Auckland data out you would actually have to run all of those files And then extract the Auckland data out of them and then you're only left with 1 200 for the size So you're back to the size of you know one month But you've got to go and load all those things into memory at the same time Maybe a hassle blah blah blah may block out your computer um But If you've been listening to this talk, you can load this thing for desk um So desk desk probably desk. I hope that happens before I say desk or something um So you've got this, um Um Object here which pretends it's a data frame like a normal pandas data frame, but It allows you to do cool things like I'll hang on you're loading from file But instead of a particular file. I just want to do a glock All right, so this here is going to load all of the 2016 data It's going to allow you to do a lot of the things that you wanted to do before for instance You can't set your index when you're doing a read csv here. There's a kind of a few things you can't do But it does allow you to do a lot of things Oh, oh that was quick Why because there hasn't actually done anything right? so it's lazily doing stuff it will Allow you to work out a data frame from this No So now it's physically going and actually reading in those 12 files And and outputting them here, but it will also well, there's a couple of things going on here when it does this compute Um, it does it in partitions Right, so we'll actually try and conserve your memory Simply simply and to you can actually do stuff on your best data That best data Um, and try and shrink it down into a more reasonable data set even if it starts would be Okay, so what's the example here? I just want to see for Auckland um What the mean is over all of the trading periods, so Basically in a typical typical Auckland day You get your lump in the morning where everyone's making breakfast and you get a lump at night Stuff's happening. People are making dinner doing their washing probably um All right, so that's gone and done that for all of 2016 No, but we want to get bigger And it made it to on one of my On this one computer Okay, so this is this is the Final thing I'm going to do here, and I'm just going to take the time Uh a little bit more of it because I think it's very cool um Distributed will allow you to run Dastard frames and so on on Many computers Really easily um I would have actually had to do this Further up by the way, but let's start a star with this tool called desk is easy to Which you'd have to in school as well I'm not going to go into details here Because the magic is awesome All right, so basically there's this tool here, which will go and fire up by default Four computers, but I'm going to live a little and make it six With some extra stuff here just because ec2 wants me to have a subnet You can see Uh, I'm going to give it that role here so I can access ec2 And I'm going to make it This instance. Okay. I wouldn't actually recommend using t2 instances for clusters Probably because you you're just going to have one work One thing you want the cluster to do and then take it down again So you don't need the burstable ones, but I'm going to put them on here because they're cheaper And this will go and start them all up and provision for me and I started this now because it takes about four minutes There you go, and you see it's starting to get all of these instances right Is there anything special to allow your first instance to be able to create new instances? Yeah, inside your first instance you may know Yeah, so that's why you need the IAM role as well. If you have a look here I have a Jupyter notebook IAM role And the good thing about these is you can make them well within running, but this has got uh, full access to ec2 And it's also Yeah, and directly down to my credit card Um, sorry, I'm sure they're trying these hacks in the American Hex as well. Um, okay So, yeah, so that's got them got them all up and running now and is now going to install Basically inacom the piping distribution on each of those workers because you want them to do piping stuff, right? And that's what takes the most time In the meantime, I'm just going to tell it to use my local machine Once I get the IP address for the pivoted cluster, I'll pop it in here And I'm going to tell it okay just to read in this 2016 data Because I want to show you year by year here, so I'm going to start two years Okay, and basically what I want to do here Is I want to take all of this data. I want to group it by the trading period And find the meaning of meaning of it. So Exactly what we did here But now I want to do it over two years instead of one Okay, and it's said, okay, I haven't appeared at this yet But one of the really cute things you can do here is oh, what's going to go happen when I do this so, um This here shows all the computations that would happen when I want that calculation So I really think that's all but let's make it a bit smaller Six and we'll get all of So we'll just do it for three months in this case And you see here Two months, sorry because we don't have December 2016 Um Dask is automatically generating this task network Which means it knows it can run these two things here on the left mode at the same time All right So that that's kind of what you're getting for free for Dask. It's it's actually working out How things work and also it has really smart algorithms to say if you're running this on Computer, which one how to keep the data local and stuff So if it knows these two things have to come together at some point we'll try and run them on the same computer So it doesn't have to move the data around a lot It's Really quite impressive what it does Um, just running this on my machine Of course, it works it out because I only see that for two months of data Still waiting to that to install That took a while So the next thing I'm going to want to do Is when I do load everything I'm going to say all of 2000 and because When you're working on these things, it's always easiest to do it. I'm just going to say for two years I want to then Take these years these dates here and make them into an actual gear column All right um And then what I'm going to do is I'm going to take that year and unstack it and pop it It's got that Um, I've only spun out 10 at the moment, but I'm probably gonna actually have to start across with like 50 Because So you see that kind of takes a long time at the moment, uh, oh, yeah, cool. And if we want to see what that What I've done here is I've extracted the year All right The reason I want to do that is because I then want to unstack it and pop it And so you can see how The years are different and how demand may be changing every year So given that that's probably go down another two minutes To run before the cluster up, it takes about two minutes. Does anyone have any questions? Yeah, so, um Handers doesn't need it but gas goes to Excess history. I think it I think it means that because it does this look and function But um dust is actually really quite good because it will actually say you haven't got this Please include it at one point I mean this this visualized thing is actually a pain in the ass when you actually have to install graphers and Anaconda doesn't do a really good job with brass beads apparently Um, so you have to go in the school that from abt But when I tried to run this visualized with the anaconda in school It came up and says oh, I can't do this. It's probably because it's probably the anaconda. Here's the issue And so the error message actually had the um The url of the issue on anaconda So the dust people do kind of Get this stuff up to date Like one of the things in this cluster Um, they changed the server over So Because it's got visualization tool attached to that cluster So they they changed the library it would even if you focus something Happened there and then gas within a couple of days have changed the um gas so So they're actually on top of it, but I guess it's because they're at the top of play machine stack of software Like it does seem to do magic, but there's there's a lot of elephants on the way down and it's one of them has a bit of a Hiccup Yeah, um, I had I haven't used it, but yeah coming back I think gas is is kind of more an abstraction So it tries to take All of the work generating this graph and even the work that's Out of your hands so you don't have to try to get out of And with I think even price start here if you're still quite close to the job, I can use price start is anyone Yeah One of one of the cool things I noticed about gas Is it does um have a delayed Object that you can start adding to your own library So if you've ever used a mocking platform or so, we get an idea of what the gas delayed object has basically it says You turn in the function and you just say I am delayed And then you start doing if you then pass that into further functions Instead of actually doing anything to the function. So you like summing up the results of delay It will then basically store this and say oh you want the summer And just keep on remembering what you want to do to it and then it can build up a tree like this And then when you say compute it will actually go back and do all of the stuff trying to compute and count memory See you as well. Yay Uh, so I've got that up I now have a cluster of six amazing machines Right, you've got this this nice little interface there to make sure that you're actually doing stuff Um I then say oh where's the head machine and how do I talk to it? You go back up here I love the way shortcuts still work here. So control slash those stuff I say Instead of doing this locally connect to my fabulous machine If you have a look at it, it'll go fly And it says it's got 10 cores And five machines. So unfortunately that ec2 it keeps one machine just as the It doesn't really make sense when you've got small clusters, but you know, if you're running 100 clusters, you want to keep them that separate Um Let's do the stuff Now Previously, I've gone through and computed it and then done these operations All right Now I'm just going to do these operations Why? Yeah I'll pull back to Just doing the same Um Things which remember this here is Oh, let's see. Let's put the name there I don't mind I can do that Oh, unfortunately, I just going to to Get you guys to believe me, but I will So we'll load all 2001 data From We're going from here It's not really what I wanted to do It will show you Feeding all of those file reads Um across the cluster So the fact that this just happens automatically and I've just got one line of code there to tell it to cluster. I think it's amazing Um, but even if you don't have a cluster using gas because it's Okay, sorry, I didn't get that final thing there, but um, I will try and endeavor to work out well It's like the reminds me of Yeah Let's let's test that out You're a fun monster I've been trying to figure out the machines that are in here Okay, these ones. Well, I was just wondering about that This is all machines load And they're actually really good That's where they have a problem Still dead, baby I don't know if it's got all done I'll see you tomorrow Yeah I like the way that it's not too computer It's just there Now it works everyone it works now look look gaze upon its beauty And and then what you must do


Get organized. If you want to simplify your life, you have to get organized. You've got a big dream and vision for your life and you've got this great idea. Great. Listen to me. It's hard to change the world when you can't find your keys.


to that and we can list it everything in a single app, yeah here we have a list of groups which is added already by default so that if you selected to the certain app it will display the features of the group, once you configure it to your own customizable groups you can get the certain groups so that you can access to your desired groups, in order to do that you should customize your JS file but my aim is to do everything in the database so that if you don't need to log in, here you note it, login authentication is not needed and the group feed will be automatically loaded, if I set up a database it will not read it to the facebook.com, then it will go to my server and get the feeds from the apps and also we can add search facilities and other like recent post and we can sort that post based on the app, so we also have some, if there is, yeah here are the links which can be used for the app or you can just do it by, you can customize the group by passing and losing this, my basic app is to build an app for customized facebook users, so it's like applications only focusing on groups and group professionals, so that can be used for this, this is your program in this API, yeah, from facebook user group, facebook graphy again, you can easily customize this by passing the group ID when you usually get the feeds, so you can use this as a library as well, yeah, I think you can also build a group box, it's not, connection is not proper because if you beat the group ID here it will give you a group box similar to the live box provided with the facebook, you can eat the group feeds and the number of members in the group, it works only for the open group, because of the facebook privacy, it works for only the facebook open groups, so you are targeting all of them, yeah it's


And as we just showed you, the water carnival is underway and yet no one has found the hidden water carnival medallion. Tonight we have the next clue to help you in your search. Clue number four reads, Bemidji is divided into four areas. Where does the medallion rest? Well, we'll save you some time and point you towards the west. If you need to refer back to previous clues or need to catch clues over the weekend, you can find them at BemidjiJCs.com. If no one has found the medallion, we'll bring you the next clue Monday night right here. On Lakeland News. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Hi everyone. Thank you for coming and attending. I'm Quentin, I've been working on BPF for about five years now. I started at 6-win and I worked at Neutronome on BPF Hardware of Loan. So the objective of the presentation today is just to give you an update about the latest BPF features, maybe what's getting inside the BPF architecture in the kernel, what can be used to create more efficient programs and these kind of things. So I'll start with BPF basics like the core features of BPF that are evolving and present also the new features we are getting with the latest patch set. And depending on time or so, word about the BPF universe, I mean BPF tooling and projects based on BPF itself. So just before we start, a few minders about how eBPF works. So you get programs compiled from C most often with Clang or ILLVM and then injected from user space into the kernel where you can attach them to one of the existing hooks so that can be TC or XDP or sockets for networking or K-probs for tracing and so on. Before attaching them, you have to make sure that those programs won't crash your kernel so you have a verifier that makes sure the program is safe and terminates. You can also JIT compile it to have a more efficient execution. So the characteristics of such programs, they are using 64-bit long instructions, they are using 11 registers, including one for the stack, which is 512 bytes. You can have about 4,000 instructions in a program and you don't have loop loads. Well, that was true at least at the beginning. So we have had a few changes of that recently. So the stack is still 512 bytes, but you do have a mechanism that can allow you to use more indirectly. I'll come back on that later. Excuse me. We don't have the same limitation as before in terms of the number of instructions in a program. So you could have only four instructions. Now you have up to one million instructions. It's not sure that I can have any program doing one million instructions. It's the number of instructions that will be validated by the verifier. So the verifier emulates all the execution path of the program and it can check up to one million instructions. And that went up from 130,000 or so a few months ago, a few years ago. So we have bounded loops too now starting from kernel 5.3. They are bounded in the sense that you must still ensure that your loop will terminate. So basically the verifier needs to make sure that you won't be doing weird stuff that could introduce infinite loops in the kernel, but that's pretty useful for the most often use cases that needs loops. So that's quite nice to have. In terms of performance, I won't go too much into the details, but we have a number of performance improvements that are happening in the kernel for BPF. So LLVM can favor 32-bit sub-registers in the programs and we get better performance and lower code size for some architectures, mostly 32-bit architectures. That was especially relevant when I was at Neutronome because we are trying to make the programs as small as possible to make them fit on the cards, for example. One of the latest additions to BPF is the new set of subcommands that can help you work with maps, and especially when you want to do a lot of operations on maps, like look up a high number of values or date a high number of values in a map before that you would iterate over each entry in the maps, so hash maps or ray maps, compared to your BPF, and you had a risk of hitting a deleted entry. The entry had been deleted before you reached it in the list. And now you have those batch operations that can help you make that faster, more efficiently, and without this risk. AFXDP gets some improvements too, but there's a presentation on page pool I think later, so I won't mention AFXDP here. So I jump to what's actually new in terms of just new things you can do with BPF, but that's still pretty low level. I'm not talking too much about new use cases, because we're still focusing on networking, so that's still the classics and the DDoS and load balancing. I'm talking just about what new things you can use in your programs themselves. So we have BPF, which is BPF type format. It's a format for data close to DWARF, which is used for debugging programs on Linux. BPF provides information for BPF programs and maps too. So one simple example is here. We have done from the program that's running inside the kernel, and we can see that we still have the C instructions that were used to compile these programs. So the C instructions were encoded into BPF and send along the BPF bytecode to the kernel so we can keep track of them. So BPF is not really one of the latest features in the sense it's been around since 4.18, but it's receiving a lot of changes, a lot of improvements, and it's used by more and more features too, so that's why I'm mentioning it. It's generated with PA-Hole or LLVM. BPF objects are verified in the kernel for consistency, so you cannot just introduce any BPF object that you like. It has to match with the program on maps you're using. We can also produce a BPF blob for all the symbols in the kernel. We do need a specific configuration option for doing that, but after that you have BPF data available in the CCFS system file that allows you to access to all the symbols that can be used by BPF probes. For example, when you're using BPF on trance points or K probes, it allows you to access data structures from the kernel just not with an offset from the beginning of the struct as we had to do before, but directly with the name of the field in the struct, and that's especially important for trying to compile a tracing program just once and being able to run it on a variety of kernels that might have changes in that structure depending on the computation options or kernel versions. That's what we could compile once from everywhere for BPF, but really it's being used for a lot of things. We also have now global data in BPF, which means that we can use global variables in the BPF source in C, and it translates into data being stored in specific sections of the ELF file, and that's useful for making BPF templates in one way so you can just have your object file that you compile from C with this global data in read-only sections and then you can just update the read-only sections instead of trying to find the relevant information in the code section so you can adapt your program with that to a variety of use cases or configuration changes. This global data is used with MATS somehow to interact with user space too, so you have a possibility to map them from user space and to be able to read them and to see what the program in the kernel is using. Something close to global data is another kind of variables. It's external variables, so you can have external something in a C program that you compile into BPF. It's actually limited to a very small number of variables which are Linux kernel version, and you can configure something that you can use to configure your kernel. This is one thing that relies on BPF, for example, support for those external variables. Using that makes you able to adapt your program to with closes like if I'm using a Linux kernel version that is higher than 4.0, you can adapt your program. We have BPF tromper lines that can convert the native coding convention so the host coding convention into BPF coding convention. It's a way to attach programs more efficiently to entry and exit of functions. It's useful for networking program too because now you can attach program at the entrance and exit of XDP programs and see all incoming packets to your BPF program and outgoing packets so you can see the changes that occur, for example, so that would be a good thing for the beginning. It can also be used in what is called the BPF dispatcher, which is a mechanism where you're reusing those BPF tromper lines to avoid the cost of red ponies following made down and specter attacks when coding XDP programs. So we get also performance improvements through that. Another thing is global function and dynamic linking, which appeared just in the latest weeks or days. We have global functions supported by BPF now, which means the functions you're using in your main program don't have to be static anymore. They can be loaded as separate programs. The functions are loaded inside your program and they act as placeholders. So at runtime, you can jump from your BPF program into another BPF program of type BPF prog type X, sorry, and come back. So just as you would do with a regular function code, but there are different BPF programs, so you're starting to get something that can be really modular and you could imagine building a BPF library that can be injected as a set of small programs and code them from a main program. So that allows for dynamic policies. I want to change the processing of that packet depending on what its metadata are. That can help for code reuse. I don't want to use the same snippet in all my programs. I can just call it as an extension. And since I have less code reuse, I get a shorter verification time because I just need to inject those extension words. Another mechanism that appeared recently is the possibility to override the strict ops in the kernel, which is quite restricted at the moment because there is some wrapping to do in the kernel for the strict ops, so those structures that hold operations to do on some specific algorithm. So the only one that's being handled now is TCP congestion ops. And Martin Café-Loe, I think, used that to reimplement custom TCP congestion control just with BPF programs by overriding the operations that are being done by default in the kernel. So that's a possibility to introduce new use cases too. There is more to come very likely because the community is very active. We have improvements on XDP, so multi-buffer XDP is being discussed, egress XDP is being discussed, static linking that would be the merging of several object files into just one BPF, so you could have really library written in C about BPF programs and just compile them together to have your BPF programs is being discussed too. We'd like to have step-by-step debugging one day to be able to better debug BPF programs. Some other use cases too, there is a Linux security module based on BPF, which is being discussed at the moment, not merged yet. I wanted to make a brief update about the tools and projects, but I don't have much time, so I'll just leave this slide and if you have some questions, maybe I'll take them now. Thank you. Yes. So do I think the possibility to do M-Map on some values is going to be the end of the regular way to use a BPF system code to communicate with MAPs between users based on kernel? No, I don't think so, because it's restricted to some specific use case. I think it will be global data for now. And I mean, you have a lot of different MAP types and a lot of different things you can update in them and that would not necessarily be suitable for M-Mapping things. So the more we can M-Map, I suppose the best it gets in terms of performance, but we're not just here yet in terms of replacement. Time's up, so if you have any other questions, please comment, let me know. Thank you.


Today, Friday, October 16, 2020, the Ministry of Health and Wellness received confirmation of one new case of COVID-19. The individual is a 14-year-old male, the son of the recently diagnosed case 30 and 31 from castries. The individual was tested following the diagnosis of his parents and placed in quarantine given his high risk of exposure to the virus. At the time, he had no respiratory signs and symptoms. Upon receiving his results, he was transferred to the respiratory hospital for care. This case will continue the current efforts of the Ministry's contact tracing team which had comments with the diagnosis of the cases his parents COVID-19 case 30 and 31. Given this new case is a secondary school student, the discussions are underway with the Ministry of Education and the management of the school, the Ministry of Health, we recognize that this newly confirmed case shall result in a high level of concern and anxiety among the staff, the students and the parents associated with the affected educational institution as well as the public. The Ministry of Health and Wellness, we assure all that no effort shall be spent to ensure the health and safety of all and this remains a priority of the Ministry of Health in efforts to manage this case and others which have recently been diagnosed. Every individual is reminded that the guidelines for preventing exposure to COVID-19 can reduce the spread of infection. This includes consistently using face masks in public, washing and sanitizing hands frequently particularly during the day, promptly seeking care at the closest respiratory clinic if experiencing respiratory signs and symptoms. The Ministry of Health and Wellness, we will continue providing updates on this case as new information is received.


If someone gives me one sheep now, I'll give them two wood next turn. Actually, you can't do that. That's not a legal trade. I will make it legal.  Politics has a few definitions. You're probably used to one that looks something like this. Government, political parties, people running for office, that sort of stuff. But politics is also the theory and practice of the allocation of power. Power also has a few definitions. But formal systems of government definitely aren't the only way that people exercise power over each other. That's really what we'll be discussing broadly here. Power over people. The ability to get others to do what you want them to do regardless of their initial desires. This can happen in numerous ways. You can convince them it's in their best interests. You can threaten to hurt them if they don't. You can offer to pay them to do it. All of these are expressions of power and we partake in at least some of them daily. That doesn't mean that they're all equivalent, of course.  Some political scientists differentiate hard from soft power. That is coercion, either by force or simply paying someone off, versus enticement, getting them to want what you want. But politically, passive-aggressive notes are simply another less extreme mechanism by which you can exercise power over your roommate. This is part of the problem with naive versions of anarchism and libertarianism, which seek to expand freedom solely by limiting government. Laws are very obvious and overt expressions of power. They're publicly known written rules that the government can use force and violence to make people obey, the hardest of hard power. If you don't do this thing, our armed enforcers will shoot and or imprison you.  But people are still vulnerable to coercion by other means.  How many things do you not say it loud at family gatherings because you just know Uncle Kevin is going to start ranting about the Illuminati? Limiting government doesn't affect the practical constraints on my behavior by those other expressions of power, social, economic, physical, whatever. I mean, ostensibly, laws are actually supposed to increase my liberty by limiting how much others can wield those things to get me to do what they want me to do. That doesn't always happen, but, hey, my little Prius wouldn't get me far in New York City without the NYPD looking out for me. As with money and fame, power has a sort of gravity to it and tends to accumulate in one place over time. There are numerous reasons for this, but I'm going to talk about it in terms of specialization and coordination, and settlers of Catan.  You have all sorts of cultural narratives about independence, self-sufficiency, tyrannical dictators, and freedom! The problem with radical individual independence isn't really the state-of-nature thing is envisioned by Enlightenment philosophers. It's that it's dominated by cooperative strategies, which allow for specialization.  While you're trying to build roads over to a wheat field somewhere, one person rakes in a bunch of wheat, one person rakes in handfuls of ore, and before you know it, it's really just a two-player game. Specialization allows each player in the alliance to build less and get more for it. So long as our alliance holds, I don't have to worry about building roads over to grain. That's Sarah's problem. Mind you, I could. It's just totally unnecessary and would put me at a disadvantage. I only have to worry that the two of us are getting more grain than Alice or Bob, and stay in my lane so that we have a ton of ore. In the real world, I don't have to worry about buying and maintaining weapons to defend myself and my property. That's the military and the police's problem. I could, but it's totally unnecessary and would put me at a competitive disadvantage. I don't have to worry about coding video games or planting potatoes either. I can just put my head down and design stuff. Same deal. Of course, in Katan, if you wait long enough, that simple alliance strategy will inevitably break down, especially as someone gets close to winning. Game theorists would call it an iterated prisoner's dilemma. Allies get the greatest benefit working together every turn, but whoever screws the alliance first gets just a little bit more out of it. Nobody can simply focus on getting ore and be satisfied that they're going to win. They have to worry about who's going to get the best of this deal when it inevitably ends. And weirdly, if you chase it to its logical conclusion, that problem of defection forbids any sort of cooperation in the first place. Consider, to net the greatest benefit, the best time to screw over your ally is one turn before they would have screwed you over. The best time for them to screw you over is one turn before you were going to do that. So long as both parties are being perfectly rational, running that algorithm recursively in their heads, they should both ultimately conclude that the best turn to exit the alliance is right when it begins. But they'll still lose to players who can cooperate and specialize. This is an intrinsic paradox of rational actors cooperating in an atmosphere of competition. Attention between self-sufficiency and redundancy, between the advantages of cooperation and the drawbacks of being the one left holding the bag. In order to maximize everyone's benefit, we should work together, but if you decide to screw me, I'm screwed. You can see this exact problem in all sorts of different situations at many different scales. Bank runs, arms races, environmental protection, races to the bottom for labor conditions. In each case, everyone might agree on the best case scenario, but rationally refuse to take on the risk and competitive disadvantage necessary to achieve it. It's a system level phenomenon, and even the most reasonable people require a system to combat it, which is why it's actually useful to have authorities. Authorities are entities imbued with legitimate political power, however that happens, to ensure continued cooperation, either by rewarding it or punishing the alternative. Instead of fretting about what happens when someone decides to defect from our little alliance, we create some entity outside the existing agreement, tasked with reducing the allure of defection. The more people you want to coordinate and the greater the potential reward for defection, the more power you have to give that entity to ensure that everyone keeps getting the benefits of coordinating and specializing without being tempted to defect. Take this big stick and hit whomever breaks the pact first. Back in the Katan example, say that everyone in your alliance gave some cards to a third party to hold hostage, paid out to the remaining members of the alliance when someone decides to screw them. All of a sudden there's actually a rational incentive to hang together and specialize, so long as the pot is sweet enough. Of course now we also have to worry about that third party running off with the cards, which is where we can start waving the American flag and shouting about despotism. This is where all that social science we learned in elementary school comes into play, checks and balances, democracy, all that jazz. But even without all that stuff, the cooperative benefit is often still worth the risk of some authority, loyalty or Tsar or whatever, going mad with sheep power. If you iterate that idea of ceding power to an authority to optimize specialization and cooperation of groups, suddenly the large hierarchical governmental structures that we see become obvious extensions of that process. Competition and specialization can happen on the town level, on the county level, on the state level, even on the national or international level. And so long as that's happening, it sometimes makes sense to create and coordinate with even larger powers. Which is why power consolidates. So long as there are individuals or groups that would outcompete others if they work together, but still have to worry about getting the short end of the stick, the only rational way to make it worthwhile for everyone is to put someone in charge. And so they put someone in charge. And they put someone in charge. And so on. So why doesn't every country on earth report to a single world government? Well, despite how awesome it would be for humanity to specialize entire nations, authorities come with a cost beyond the resources we invest to empower them. There's some amount of competition for that top spot and all the power that comes with it. The more power it wields, the more intense the competition for it, and the more resources everyone has to invest in trying to secure it. At some point, the cost of fighting over an authority position is simply too great to outweigh the benefits of coordination it would grant. The tipping point varies, but can you imagine, say, Russia, China, and the US all campaigning for leadership of a single world government? Heesh. Anyways, all of this is just an interesting way to think about large scale hierarchical power structures as an emergent property of competition between individuals. There are all sorts of possible ways society could work, but so long as we're competing for resources, this kind of makes sense. Just for what happens in a post-scarcity society when we don't really need to compete anymore, well, personally, I'm hoping for Star Trek. What about you? Please leave a comment below and let me know what you think. Thank you very much for watching. If you'd like to exercise your power, don't forget to blah blah subscribe, blah share, and don't stop thinking.


For the first time ever, a neural network powered autonomous drone has been able to beat human pilots in high speed FPV drone racing. When you start looking at where this technology can go, you know, like search and rescue was something that was mentioned, you can send these drones out and they can fly very fast while they have their charge and actually survey large areas relatively quickly. Things where you need devices that they don't know exactly their environment so they need to be able to make the decisions on their own. This is the precursor to that. So I think eventually this could really be some cool technology as we build SkyNet.


Hi everybody Joe for jaskiescasebreaks.com coming at you with the random number block randomizer for NT picker team number five That's coming up in the next video Featuring these teams right here big. Thanks to this group here. They're the numbers right there. Let's roll it Let's randomize names and numbers five and a four nine times each one two six seven eight and Ninth and final time Chris down to Mickey five and a four nine times for the numbers one two three and Good luck ninth and final time. We got three down to eight All right, Chris. You got three Kevin with six Nestor with one Nick with seven Jack with zero Oliver with two Raymond with five Nester with four Bradley with nine and Mickey with eight. I remember Jack zero gets you any and all redemptions for that group of teams Right there on the bottom of the page Including one of one redemptions, but Nestor any live one of ones will still go to you Let's order these numerically and we'll see you in the next video for the break itself. Jasper's case breaks.com


If you're in touch with Devi, after that, energy is turning negative for you, doesn't happen. Such things will have no influence on a person who's truly meditative. The more mentally, emotionally distracted and unfocused you are, the more you're susceptible to distortion. There are people manipulating energy to cause harm to somebody. People can even cause death, like that. In certain parts of India, it's very cool and… One Veda among the four Veda, the Atarvana Veda, is dedicated to this, as to how to manipulate energy so that you're well-being with somebody. These energies or these kinds of practices need not necessarily be directed at you. Right now, if somebody is doing something negative to me, if I'm not receptive to it, you're sitting here, you may get it. It's very much possible. It's like somebody is shooting at each other on the street, you are just walking on the street and you may get shot. So certain practices, if you bring in certain practices or certain utterances into day-to-day life, one can easily tide over this thing. Rudraksh, as a seed, this tree mainly grows at certain altitude, somewhere between 6,500 to 12,000 altitude is where Rudraksh grows in the Himalayan region. And it has very unique vibrations. So a person who is constantly traveling wears a Rudraksh so that he has a cocoon of his own energy that the outside energies does not disturb him. He has a… we call this a kavacha, you know what's a kavacha? It's more like a cocoon. It's a cocoon of your own energy. Wherever you go, you have your private bedroom going with you. It travels with you wherever you go. For people who are in family and social situations, the best thing to wear is always the fire-faced Rudraksh. It is best that it is given to you by somebody who knows what it is. Simply buying it off the shelf from in some shop and wearing it is not a good thing. Normally the Rudraksh that you find here is always sourced through… there are families who have been dealing with Rudraksh for thousands of years, the same family. They hold it as a sacred duty. It's not just business for them. There's another seed called Badraksh which grows extensively in the northern plains of India, which is a poisonous seed which looks exactly like this. And especially for the western tourists in India, now we are making very nice plastic Rudraksh. It looks wonderful, better than this, but it's plastic Rudraksh, okay? So it is best that it is always taken through a known source, otherwise all kinds of things will come. I see today a lot of these… for lack of vocabulary, I'm saying, this new age type of people, they're all wearing metal rings on their thumb. See, if you put a metal ring on your thumb, you will inevitably draw a certain negative forces towards you. It does not mean you will be necessarily possessed, but you will trip and fall for nothing, all kinds of things will happen, everything goes wrong, simple things. I don't know if you've met people or you have been one of them at some time, where when things start going wrong, they go wrong in a series, serial… serial trippings, not one or two. Simply it keeps happening, everything and everything goes wrong, from small things to big things, simply because they would have attracted certain dimensions of energy. Which could… which is not conducive for doing anything in the world, but it could be conducive to do something else. Only those who want to do occult practices would wear a ring on the thumb, but today either out of ignorance or fashion, once you put metal on the thumb, you're inviting this. There are hundreds of people who think they are possessed and all this and we just tell them, you come and sit in the sphere of Dhyanalinga because there are occult dimensions to Dhyanalinga, which just nullifies all this. They go out completely free because the occult dimensions are taken care of in the Dhyanalingam area. One power Nami Ramavasya when you think are more receptive for you, just one day, just sit there and go. If you're in touch with Devi either in the form of Yantra or in whichever way, the Yantra is in your hands or it's in your heart, it's up to you. Once you're wrapped in the energy that we are referring to as Devi or Bhairavi, after that energy is turning negative for you doesn't happen. So if you just make sure you are eating the right kind of food, you're keeping your system well, the chances of you getting messed up because of some other energy or something should be completely out of your life. That Devi will take care. If you are truly meditative, don't even bother about occult. Such things will have no influence on a person who's truly meditative. If you have known, if you know at least a little bit of silence in you, at least few moments of silence in you in a day, you don't worry about occult. Such things cannot impact a person who knows the stillness of his inner being. Someone said, man is ill only because he doesn't know how to be still. It's perfectly correct. It's perfectly right. But all the illnesses have happened because they don't know how to be still, especially those which affect your mind, especially those which happen because of other influences. These things are possible only because there is no stillness. So right now with the process of meditation, you are bringing that stillness into your life. If you're still, you will not be ill. Above all, keeping yourself, the more mentally, emotionally distracted and unfocused you are, the more you're susceptible to these forces. If you are in a certain level of focus and determination, you will see these things, they may be like a small road, but bump in the road, they won't be a crash. But if you're in a certain level of destabilization in your emotion and mind, it could lead to a crash.


Hey, everybody, this is Brett, and today I'm extremely excited to go over this brand new 2020 Jeep Wrangler four-door Rubicon with the 35-inch tire and wheel group. It also has the convenience group, which gives you the heated seats, heated steering wheel, and remote start. Hydro blue is the color. Pink coat on this one is PBJ. I'm going to go all the way around in this video, show you all the options, give you a good visual walk around here. We're going to take a look at the original window sticker, which will also be linked in the description below with a full description on this vehicle, a list of all the options on it. But like I said, I'm going to go over this vehicle, 3.6-liter Pentastar V6 engine. It's paired up with the 8-speed automatic transmission. It's going to get you 19 miles per gallon highway, 16 city for an average of 17 miles per gallon. Now you might say, Brett, don't these normally get a little bit better fuel mileage with the 3.6 and the 8-speed automatic, and they usually do, but this one, what they don't tell you on the original window sticker is that this one has the 456 gears. When you get the 35-inch tire and wheel group, you automatically get those taller gears, which gives you worse fuel economy, and they do that to accommodate for the bigger wheels and tires. Getting into the 2024 Jeep Wrangler Rubicon mid-model refresh, they made the grille smaller. I'm going to go over everything that's changed on the 2024 in case you haven't seen it. LED headlamps, running lights, LED fog lamps, and the running lights and the fenders, those are all standard now on the Rubicon package, which is new for 2024. You get these seven-slotted grille with the granite crystal inserts. The 35-inch tire and wheel group gives you these extended fender flares on here to accommodate for the wider tires. The suspension, it used to be called the Xtreme Recon 35-inch tire and wheel group, but the suspension, you get a one-inch taller spring and a one-inch taller sway bar link over the standard Rubicon, and once again, that's to accommodate for the bigger wheels and tires. So the 35-inch tire and wheel group gives you the BF Goodrich All-Terrain TAK02 tires. These are LT31570R17s. You get the painted-end polished aluminum wheels, got a little bit of salt on them. It's been very snowy here. Red outline on the center cap there. They made all the center caps new for 2024, and they also changed a lot of the wheel designs for the Wrangler. But an all-terrain tire, you can see. And the other thing for 2024, they made this shroud, used to be able to see these sandals. I don't even know if you can see it, but right there. They used to make those really indented so you could see them really well. They changed it, really just smoothed it out there. You get the Jeep climbing up the side, the windshields on the Saharas and Rubicons, and the Rubicon Xs are all Gorilla Glass now, Corning Gorilla Glass. You also have all the antennas in the windshield across the board. You also get the trail-rated badge now, because the antenna used to be here, and now it's not there, so they put a trail-rated badge. You still only get one trail-rated badge on your Jeep. The Granite Crystal Jeep lettering there, and the Rock Rails standard on the Rubicon package. T50 on the doors, to get these doors off, you need the Torx 50 bit, and we did a demo on how to take those doors off. Coming around to the back, the 35-inch tire in wheel group also gives you the performance brakes. So they've got little slots in there for heat dissipation, and those come standard with the 35-inch tire in wheel group, even though the window sticker says you only get the bigger wheels and tires and hinge gate reinforcement on there. You also get spacers on these taillights with the 35-inch tire in wheel group, and that, you get Ralph right there, LED tail lamp standard, and that's to accommodate the wider tire. I think there's laws that pertain to the, if you've got a wide tire back here, these lights have to be a certain distance to that tire, so that's why they made those spacers, and on the right here you get Ralph, or left you get, I'm sorry, Louis. Right is Ralph. Left is Louis. This one does have the towing package, receiver hitch 4-pin and 7-pin wiring. You can even look at that underbody there. You get the red shocks with the Rubicon package. Now this one is not capable of doing 5,000 pounds towing, and that's because of those 456 gears, you lose that 5,000 pound capability. I believe it's 3,500. Correct me in the description of any comments if I'm wrong. You get the case for that, for those front hard top pieces. Pretty basic back here. This one does not have the Alpine sound system. You get four bolts on each side, two quick disconnects to take this hard top off, and we did a demo on how to take that hard top off if you want to check out that. That's in the description and linked in the upper right-hand part of the screen. Door hinge, roof, and windshield bolt holders, and a nice storage area underneath there. You get these seven slots on the back door there. There's your jail badge with a two-door, four-door wheelbase and overall length and water-forting. They also made an extension for your camera with the 35-inch tire and wheel group. You get the black fuel door on this one. Take a quick look at the back seats. So back seats, you get the latch child safety system, the red stitching, new for 2024. They made side curtain airbags standard on the wringlers, there it is. And because they did that, they redesigned the lights in the ceiling, and the speakers are a little bit different, I believe, to accommodate for those side curtain airbags. These seats do fold down. The headrests go down just like so, and this seat's pretty far back. So I'm going to have to pull that out, there we go. That's nice that I can get to that from the back here. You can see just how nice and flat they go, and they go up like so. You also get a 115-volt, 150-watt plug-in, two USBs, two USB-Cs back here, air vents, and window controls. You do get child safety locks on the back doors as well. You have to have the key fob in your pocket, and it'll automatically unlock.  Let me know what you think in the comments below. Rubicon stitched to the backrest there, driver's side seat height adjuster, backrest adjustment, and lumbar factory carpet formats. New for 2024 is the Jeep and Gladiator backed up to each other on that badge there. For the full telescopic steering wheel, you get this kind of Gore-Tex material for the dash, the red plate there, auto headlamps, power locks, power mirrors. I'm not going to spend too much time on the interior here because we've just done a ton of these interiors, but you get the Rubicon 7-inch instrument cluster here, digital spinometer. You get the heated leather-wrapped steering wheel. The standard on the Rubicons now is the adaptive cruise control, regular cruise controls, Bluetooth information center controls, audio controls in the back of the steering wheel. You can see the gorilla in the windshield letting you know you have the gorilla glass. This one has the UConnect 5, 12.3-inch touchscreen radio, AM, FM, and Sirius XM radio capabilities, heated seats, all that good stuff. Here are all your different apps. I'm not going to go through everything. Like I said, we're going to go through this really quick. It does have off-road pages, which are pretty cool, and I want to show you the backup camera because they've made these backup cameras HD, crystal clear, and standard on the Jeeps and off-road packages or off-road pages. I should say you get your sway bar if it's connected, disconnected front axle, rear axle if it's locked or unlocked, transfer case, same thing. Then your steering angle on those front tires, you can see as I turn the steering wheel, that changes. You get latitude, longitude, and altitude on their accessory gauges and pitch and roll. They changed the design of this dash. The vents are now under the radio as opposed to the circles on the side. They changed this from one big coin tray area to get this center partition, then there's two coin trays, so that's new. Everything down here is the same as it's always been.  This part right here is really what makes a Rubicon a Rubicon. You don't get this on any other Wrangler except the Rubicon, and that's for your off-roading capabilities being much greater with a Rubicon over a standard Wrangler. A-speed automatic transmission, four by four shifter, get your big key fob with the remote start, and flipper key on there looks really good. And like I said, we're going to check out this original window sticker here in just a second, so let's pause it and take a look at that. Once again, this window sticker is linked in the description below if you want to check that out. Anyways, four door Rubicon four by four, Hydro blue is the color, black interior, cloth, low back bucket seats, 3.6 liter Pentastar V6 with start stop, so this one has a 285 horsepower, 260 foot pounds of torque, 8-speed automatic transmission, everything here is your standard equipment on the Rubicon, including the full-speed forward collision warning plus the Gorilla glass integrated antenna, the hitch, seven and four pin wiring, interior features, everything on the left there is standard as well. And exterior features, that's all standard, everything LED is standard now. So optional equipment starts with the Hydro blue pro coat, which is $5.95. The extreme 35-inch tire package is $44.95, gives you the 17-byte 8-inch machined wheels with black pockets, the LT370R17 BF Goodrich tires, the hinge gate reinforcement.  So a lot of stuff that you get that they don't tell you, so there's a lot more that goes into that $44.95 and then just these three things. Convenience group is $9.95, you get the heated seats, heated steering wheel and remote start, 8-speed automatic transmission is for $4,500 and you get adaptive cruise control with that 8-speed automatic transmission. So a lot of people have commented and said $4,500 for a transmission, that's crazy, but you also get the adaptive cruise control, which is a pretty nice safety feature. You get the black three-piece hardtop, which is $16.95, total MSRP is $65.470 to get your summit price with all your rebates and incentives on this particular Jeep Wrangler, linked in the description below and in the upper right-hand part of the screen is a link to this vehicle on our website, if it says sold in the title of this video, this vehicle is sold, 3-year 36 bumper to bumper, 5-year 60 power train and then there are your miles per gallon and not really rated for the safety ratings except 3-star rollover. So I'm going to go and turn all the lights on on this Wrangler so you can see just how bright they are and then we're going to turn off all the lights in the picture studio and we'll do a final walk around, give me one second. All right, you can see just how bright these lights are and I'm really glad that Jeep made them standard on the Wranglers, they are such an upgrade over the halogen lights that come, that used to come standard on any trim level, you had to upgrade to the LED light group to get these lights before, 2024, they're standard pretty much across the board and you can get them on the Sport S as well, LED tail lamps and LED license plate lights, they look really good and they're just so much brighter and so much more effective for lights and we'll do a final walk around here, thank you so much for checking out the video, remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel which is youtube.com slash Summit Auto, if you have any comments, questions, concerns, scathing rebuttals on this review, let me know in the comments below, I answer just about every comments and if you want to see more pictures of this Jeep or one of other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, you name it, we got to go to the website right there, summitauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle all at summitauto.com and if you want to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto, click the bell notifications, get updates on the videos I do each and every day as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle and Jeep Wrangler walk rounds on YouTube. In fact, in a second, you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel in the upper left, a link to all the Jeep Wrangler videos I've ever done in the upper right, over 500 videos on there, a link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right, click those, check us out, we're super excited to be offering the 2024 Jeep Wrangler 4-door Rubicon in Hydro Blue Procoat with the 35 inch extreme tire and wheel group. Thank you so much for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.