Welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rosil. I produce videos about Israel and Jerusalem usually with a factual or opinionated bent. Before sharing today's video I want to thank whoever is watching these for helping me pass the 2000 subscriber milestone this week. It's encouraging and keeps me motivated to keep going. This YouTube channel is a passion project but I have a lot of fun creating and sharing these. I've done videos before about the high-speed train that runs between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv which launched in 2018 and greatly improved connectivity between the two biggest cities in Israel. Fun train fact to brighten up your Thursday. With a top speed of 160 kilometers per hour, the train is not actually considered high-speed by international standards. The International Union of Railways for instance considers 250 kilometers per hour to be its cut-off. But despite that the train has proved extremely popular and is now also a primary means of getting between the two cities and Israel's national airport Ben-Gurion near Tel Aviv. Named after Israel's fifth president, the Yitzhak Navon train station in Jerusalem was purpose-built for the line and was opened when the Tel Aviv route started operating in September of 2018. Getting from the entrance to the platform level entails descending a long series of elevators that make getting to your average London underground tube stop feel like a short skip and a hop from the street. That's because the Yitzhak Navon station is one of the deepest railway stations in the world. The platforms are located 80 meters which is 260 feet below street level. That's only slightly shallower than the world's deepest metro station which is the Arsanalna station in Kiev which is 170 beneath the street level and the Badaling Great Wall station in China which is 102 meters underground. The station's location almost 100 meters below the entrance to Israel's capital city also made it a logical piece of infrastructure to double as a public shelter during a potential nuclear, biological or chemical attack. Given that Israel is continuously threatened by states like Iran that have made clear their intentions to do precisely that this seems like a pretty prudent decision to take. And so just like how Israeli cinema theatres are sometimes used to hold public lectures, a quickie mart sometimes double as informal clubs, the Yitzhak Navon train station leads a double life. Operating is both a major transport conduit and also as a component of the city's preparedness plans in the event of a catastrophe. Lest you are wondering, none of this is exactly the stuff of state secrets. You could say that the station's dual purpose is hiding in plain sight. As passengers descend towards one of the flights of escalators, they pass these unmistakable, heavyweight bomb shelter doors with imposing looking ceiling mechanisms ready to lock shot in the event of a municipal or national catastrophe. While passengers descend to the platform, they see only long elevators encased in metal tubes with short passages running between them. But hidden from view is a large public shelter intended to protect 5000 Jerusalemites. In addition to Yitzhak Navon, Jerusalem, like all cities in Israel, also operates an extensive network of more casual bomb shelters which are located throughout the city and open primarily during times of warfare or when the city is threatened by rocket attacks. And needless to say these are only the shelters that are in the public domain. As any good prepper knows, it's prudent to never disclose your bug out location. And I think it's safe to assume that the majority of Israel's preparedness efforts, including those intended for mass casualty events, God forbid, are not in the public domain and will probably always remain tightly under wraps, away from the eyes of prying YouTubers. Until next time.


It's here guys my new book life of Chi signs of life force is now out on Amazon And it's already a number one new release in energy healing So make sure you grab your copy just search for life of Chi on Amazon and get your copy get some for your friends And you're gonna learn about my story and everything you need to know about the signs of life force How it's gonna benefit you how you can unlock your human potential so get my book now


Using the power of our global community, NASA has developed an interactive app called NEMOnet. It's used to characterize coral reef ecosystems around the world with unprecedented accuracy. Today, we're joined by 10-year-old citizen scientist, Kellen Holman, and NASA scientist, Dr. Ved Triath, to tell us more about this fun project. Thank you both for joining us today. Ved, so can you tell us a little bit more about NEMOnet? What is it? Sure. So I invented a technology called Fluid Lensing at NASA, and it's the first technique we've had that can look beneath the ocean waves and map corals in 3D. So we've been traveling around the world using drones and this technique to map corals in 3D, and really the biggest challenge we have with all of this data is how to classify it. How do we get the basic number of how many corals there are, how they're doing as a function of changing ocean temperatures, and that's where NEMOnet comes in. So we built a video game that ties into our supercomputer and you can download it and play it on your iPhone or iPad device, and what you're doing in that game is looking at our data sets that we are getting from around the world with these drones and helping learn about corals at the same time as coloring them and feeding data into our supercomputer. Wow, this is such a cool idea to get people involved in this project. Kellen, I understand that you've been working with on this project, so can you tell us, is NEMOnet more like a game or is it like schoolwork, and have you learned science by playing the game? It's kind of like a game because it's not schoolwork. You kind of get to do what you want to do. You can choose where you want to be and what you want to do. They're like 2D, 3D, and then there's stuff like that. That sounds very fun. What kind of things have you learned from playing the game? There's a lot of different types of coral, and there are some key regions that have coral. You can classify one, the Great Barrier Reef, American Samoa, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico coral. That seems like where most of the coral is probably. Wow, I didn't know that. Can you show us how you interact with this app? I hear that you are so good at classifying coral that you have earned the status of sea turtle. Was it hard to get to that level? Yup, I've been playing it for a few months now, so I have my 3D map of coral. I have the types of coral on here. I can hold this, and then I can go to a list of all the coral types I have, what I can classify, and what they look like. Then I'll get out of that, and then we have the 3D map to scroll all the directions. You can look from all directions. It sounds like you're a pro. So, Ved, how are citizen scientists like Kellan and their work in this app helping us understand what's going on with coral reefs? To put it bluntly, they are changing the world. We have mapped as of 2020 around 6% of the ocean floor. One of the reasons why it's so difficult to map the ocean floor, first is because it's difficult to see anything beneath ocean waves. Our instrument helps fix that and reveal that environment in 3D. The second is once you have all that data, it really doesn't mean anything unless you have humans come in and help annotate what it is we're looking at. Is it sand? Are we looking at sea cucumbers, sea grass, corals? It really becomes a complicated machine learning problem. When we first created the project, we didn't have a video game in mind. We were purely focused on supercomputing and being able to develop the tool to classify these reefs. But we learned that the supercomputer results and machine learning outputs were only as good as the training data we have. At that point, we thought, alright, we have an untapped potential across the world in our nation as well. With all of these students who are interested and engaged, they want to explore these environments. It's funny that this happened during the pandemic and a lot of folks were looking for an activity to do at home that would be at once educational and benefit science. And that's when we decided to launch NemoNet on Earth Day this year. And so we currently have around 100,000 plus active users. Kellan is in our top 1% of pro players. He outclassifies PhD-trained coral reef biologists regularly. His screen name is Admiral Crocodile. And it's really just amazing how quickly kids in his age group pick up on classifying. This is not an easy task. I struggle with this. You open the game, you see a 3D coral which looks like a loaf of bread to some people. It can look like very different shapes. Kids have to learn what that is, pass an accuracy test while painting in 3D. And that's how they graduate and level up the food chain in the video game. And all of that data then gets compared on our supercomputer. We can measure its statistics related to other scientists, inputs, other amateur players. And it's really the sweet spot we found for classification is roughly Kellan's age group. And the amount of time that they play, the knowledge they have in these environments is really just extraordinary. So yeah, I would say we could not do it without kids like Kellan. This is so amazing. So Kellan, do you have any advice for people watching that might want to get involved? Yeah, I also want to, where I actually have the number, there's been 7,000, 700,000, 300, no, 73,588 classifications by everybody who's been playing EmoNet. That's amazing. And advice is definitely take your time and do it one at a time. And definitely look and make sure you know what each coral type looks like because they do give actual pictures in the game of what the coral types look like. So that helps classify when you can see what the coral type looks like and then you can put that into your knowledge of what we're looking for in the game. This is so cool. I am just so impressed, but thank you both so much for joining us.


Thank you for being here with us and welcome to the Eupen D-Blanning Academy. I want to first make clear what our expectations for ourselves are. We want to try to teach you what you want to learn about D-Blanning, and every aspect of the content that we have here should be truly useful. At the same time, we acknowledge that there's a white heterogeneity of students, different people participate in the course, and this is great. This is the first time we're teaching this kind of a course. It's the V0, and we really need your feedback. So please let us know what works well for you and what doesn't work so well. Why is this course special? In many ways, we will be teaching the same content that we taught at last year's 522. However, we now want to have a really strong focus on learning by doing with the code fast philosophy, where you should immediately see how the things you're interested in work and a focus on teamwork. We really believe that working and learning in teams is important. See, we want you to get to know your TA and your part. We want you to get to know them well enough that you're comfortable around them about the things you know and about the things you do not know. You will learn most if you can get the help of the entire group that you're learning with. So we want you to be helpful in that context. Help the other students in your part learn. And your group can also be a great source of the strength that makes the learning experience better. Now, it's time for you to say hi to your part. Try to get to know them. We'll discuss with them now for 10 minutes. What do you want to learn? What do you hope to use it for at a later point of time? And what is most exciting about the course? And just say hi to everyone.


I have a little quarter angle like this where it rains inside the house. So I just go stand in the rain even now when it rains. See, over seventy percent of your body is actually water. You are actually a water bottle. If you can experience this bottle of water, this body of water, it's the most important water body in your life, this water body.  So for me, rain is a very powerful spiritual experience. When you are soaked through and through in the rain, you will see there's not much difference between you and the elements around you. So rain is a beautiful way of getting connected to everything around you.


all three presentations and then we'll have a discussion. So with this I would like to invite the first speaker from the University of Migno, Maria Giovanna Maciota, who will present the value of structural health monitoring for the structural behavior of masonry structures under varying environmental effects. Have you heard? This is just a brief outline of the main points I'm going to talk about during my presentation. First of all I will start with a focus and scope of my study. Then I will show you the general framework underlying my work. I will go through the case study describing the structure we analyzed, key performance indicators we identified and tracked over time, and then I will talk about the warning levels and threshold value condition we define. And I will finally go to the conclusion. Well since we are here I guess we all know why structural monitoring is important so I'm not going to spend too many words about that. But one comparison I always like to make when I talk about structural monitoring is the fact that we engineers act on structures the same way doctors act on human bodies. So basically we start with an amnesis of the structures, we collect all past information about the structure, we gather all possible data and we do a condition serving, then we move to a diagnosis phase. So we study the symptoms of the structures and from there we go back to the building pathology and then from there we move to, we address a certain therapy so we choose remedial measures rather than other kind of certain remedial measure other than other kind of intervention and then we control over time the efficiency of the remedial measure we adopted. So stated that going back to the scope of my short term scientific mission, basically I tried to find a link between structural monitoring and performance assessment or rather I tried to show how to use the old information that we can collect through monitoring campaigns to assess, better assess the performance of our building of historical buildings in this case and how to integrate this information within a strategy for structural management proposals. This is the framework, underline my work, actually it's a general framework that can be adapted to any kind of structures, so not only to historical building as in my case. The first thing that I wanted to do before starting my work was having a systematic, setting a systematic approach in order to follow a step-by-step procedure and to reach my goal. This framework is in fact a step-by-step approach in which each step is kind of a piece of a puzzle that contributes to create the final picture. So once we know the structure we are going to deal with, we do this one inspection, we acquire all possible data and then we, in case of historical building, of course, with one historical investigation because it's very important to know the building phases of the structures and we collect as many information as possible to select the best key performance indicators that we can track over time in order to have a complete, sorry, diagnosis of the system and also to have the definition of treasure value condition and warning levels and to finally use all this information to effectively understand better the structural performance, to understand whether the structure is still meeting our life safety requirements or it's deviating from the target behavior. And then we can use all this background, all this information for structural management purposes. This is the case study structures I've been analyzing. It's the church of Santa Ricardo that is located in the Omonimos village, close by the Morfem cities of the Maras in Portugal. It's an historical church which construction started in 1825 and stretched over two centuries involving the work of three different architects. This is an hybrid cell temple because it's a mix of different styles, gaudy, classical and renaissance styles. This is the geometric survey of the church. As you can see, the church has a Latin cross longitudinal plan with a central nave heading into an abse that is oriented towards the north and a transept. The facade, each limb as you can see there from the picture is covered with a bare bolt and the crossing between the limbs is capped with a dome. The facade of the building is a gable facade with a central rose window and a tin pan here on the top and it's framed symmetrically framed by two spire towers which reach a total eight of about 58 meters. This is the damage survey of the church. The church was severely damaged because it presented here these big cracking patterns with cracks reaching over 50 millimeters here at the top. The major cracks was even crossing the whole thickness of the facade. Besides these big cracking patterns, there were several vertical cracks along the weakest link of the side walls of the church. Because of this severe damage in 1980-1998, the University of Munich organized a wide experimental campaign which included a condition survey, damage survey, visual inspection and also the installation of simple monitoring system to monitor the crack and the use of optical teodolite and so on, topographic survey, geotechnical survey to understand which was the building pathology. Basically, with the geotechnical investigation, was found out that the main cause triggering the big cracking pattern and also separation movement of the towers. It was the differential soil settlement in the street beneath towers and facade because basically the church is built on a slope which was leveled by a landfill bank. In the part, the bedrock layer is very close to the foundation of the system in the abscess and transit area, but it goes deeper and deeper while proceeding towards the front of the temple. Basically, this is causing an increase or worsening of the damage going towards the facade of the church. This is also causing a separation movement and tilting of the towers. This, of course, the situation can lead in a long-term perspective to the failure of the system. The experimental campaign allowed to understand that the most active part of the church was exactly the facade where there was this severed damage. Basically, both crack width and opening rate as well as the tilting of the towers were judged the critical factors reflecting the structural performance of the church. That's why they were identified as key performance indicators. Together with these key performance indicators, we decided also to take into account another indicator that is the correlation with ambient parameters. This is an important parameter to take into account in case of historical buildings because we all know that historical buildings are almost always built with messery. Messery is a porous material, so due to that, historical building can be extremely prone and sensitive to change of environmental condition, especially to change of temperature and moisture content because they can also close the opening and closing of the cracks. I'm talking about key performance indicators. Of course, we all know what they are, but in simple word, what are key performance indicators? Why are they important and how they can be tracked? Well, key performance indicators can be simply defined as key specific quantifiable measurements that help to establish baseline information on the current state of the system health, can help to set performance standards, can help to optimize the control of the structural integrity of the system over the operational lives and can help to quantify changes in the system response. How can we track them? It depends on the key performance indicators we select. In our case, since we are dealing with cracked-width tower stillting, we used a static monitoring system consisting of 40 meters, two per inch tower, one inch direction, two cracked meters, one for the crack on the outer side of the facade, another one for the crack on the inner side of the facade, two surface temperature sensors and one combined sensor for temperature and relative air humidity. This is the temporal evolution of both cracks opening rate and tower stillting over five years monitoring because the system is working since April 2009. If we look, for example, at the evolution of the crack opening rate over time, we can see that there is a linear increasing trend with reading an opening rate of 0.1 millimeter per year, which is higher in case of the external crack, which is alerted in red here. Regarding the tower stillting, we can see that both towers present a common trend, have this in-phase cyclical oscillation in both east-west direction and north-south direction, but the oscillation amplitudes are higher here for the western towers. In fact, also, if we look, they both have a common trend in leaning towards which south direction, but this is, of course, greater in case of the western towers here, where we reach also a tilting values of almost one millimeter per meter. This is the track of the Senghi performance indicators, but comparing also with the temperature on the top and with the relative humidity on the bottom. As we can see, with respect to the cracks, if we read at the coefficient of correlation here, at the bottom of the charts, with respect to the outer crack, there is a certain correlation even although it's rather weak. By the way, it's common like when the temperature increases, the crack with actually decreases and vice versa. This basically for the outer crack, because it's the one that is more exposed to the environmental conditions. Looking instead at the correlation with respect to the towers tilting and temperature and humidity, the coefficient and correlation are very high, especially with the temperature. In fact, the cyclic oscillations of the towers actually reflect the seasonal fluctuation of the temperature. With this inverse proportion in the sense, it depends on the orientation actually of the starting monitoring system. When the temperature increases, the towers are actually leaning towards south-west. When the temperature decreases, the towers are leaning towards north-east. Opposite is with the humidity because, of course, temperature and humidity have an inverse relationship between them. As I've shown before, the main cause triggering the big cracking pattern in the facade of the building as well as the separation movement of the towers is the differential soil settlement in the strata beneath towers and the facade. Since the progressive increase of tilting can lead over in a long-term perspective to a decrease of the tower stability, we decided to define some warning levels according to certain criteria so as to evaluate the current state of the structures and also to support the future decision on structural management. We defined three levels. We're corresponding action in a general way than probably in the future more specifically. In case of deviation from the target behavior, of course, the relevant warning level is issued. Each warning level is separated, of course, by respect to the other one, by a borderline. To set this borderline, we computed the traditional value condition by a stability analysis of the western towers. We took into account the western towers because it was, as I showed before, it was the one showing greater oscillation amplitudes and higher tilting values. For the stability analysis, we adopted a few assumptions. We considered the tower as a rigid body, so undergoing rotation movements about a fixed axis at the bottom of the foundation. The equilibrium condition is guaranteed if the resultant of the compressive forces, of course, is within the, not the section in this case, but specifically within the central co-inertia because we adopted the assumption of limit analysis to avoid tension because we use no tension material with infinite compressive strength and no sliding between units. That's why we consider as equilibrium condition the fact that the resultant of the compressive forces is within the central co-inertia, not only within a section. To solve, to find our treasure value condition, so we solved the basically an equilibrium equation, and we considered both the plan, so the east-west direction, which is the one parallel to the facade of the building and the north-south direction that is perpendicular to the facade of the building. And of course, we considered the whole system, composite by the tower, and the foundation. So the solution of the equation gave us the treasure value condition in terms of maximum tilt angles and maximum top displacement in both the direction, so we obtained the tilting angles with a pretty, I mean, the structure is safe, so 8 degrees and 18 and almost 4 degrees for the perpendicular direction, north-south direction, and these values correspond to the limit condition in which the resultant of the compressive force, compressive forces, it's tangent to the central co-inertia. So we compared this value, of course, with the current values of the structures, which are based not only on the tilt meters, but also on the survey obtained from the laser scanning, because the tilt meters, of course, are relative values. We tried to have absolute value from the laser scanning, and we compared and we could, of course, state that so far the structure is behaving within a target, within a normal range, so it's still in level 0, whereas, of course, to reach the alarm level, the structure, the variation of the tilt trend should change consistently, so far we are in a completely safe condition, but, of course, until now we worked, if we look at this chart on the vertical axis, what about the temporal axis, what about the time, or we are going to work on that too, so in order to do that we need to develop predictive model, and we are working on that, we are going to forecast the structure response into the future in order to estimate future inspection periods also, and to support, of course, a future decision on structure management, but before doing that we need to update our key performance indicators, because actually the structure last year underwent a strengthening intervention that was basically devoted to the elimination of the differential soil settlement, as well as the reduction of the tilting of the towers, so we monitored actually the structure throughout the intervention, we are going now to install a new monitoring system, dynamic monitoring system, so we will let not only crack with an opening rate and tower tilting as key performance indicators to track, but we will also monitor the natural frequencies and more shape of the structures, and also we will study, we will keep on studying the environmental variability of the system. Just a few remarks, of course, the assumption that I adopted for the limit analysis are simplification of the real, complex behavior of the matter in material, we should also take into account the solid structure interaction, because the rotational stiffness of the soil is important, because it can vary the outcome of the equilibrium analysis, and also we should always control the admissibility of the compression tensile stress in the structures, because high stress levels, of course, can cause, can lead the system to fail before the defined the threshold conditions, but what I wanted to show with my work, and it was that the information collected through monitoring campaign can be effectively and efficiently used within a strategy for the preservation of the historical buildings, and well-designed key performance indicators, as well as social value condition and warning levels are fundamental for structural management purposes. Thank you very much. Okay, thank you very much, Maria, for a very interesting contribution. So, from the...