My name is Raghu. I work as a principal architect in Flipkart. I'm really excited to be speaking at the 5th Elephant this year. I was there last year too. I'll be talking about latency and fault tolerance in world AP systems. You might be wondering what this has to do with big data. I can tell you so much that in distributed systems, 100% availability is either impossible if not hard to achieve. We'll be precisely talking about how we manage to work with the assumption that systems do fail and how you can build resilience and recovery from these systems. I'll also be talking about data choices that we make at Flipkart, some of the largest data stores that we deploy and how we went about sustaining this kind of an experience and the learnings from it. So look forward to meeting you at Haspeak and a lot of interactions there. Thank you.


I could climb that wall over there. Please stop. Ride that elephant. Dude, you're embarrassing yourself. You think I won't? It's time to go home. I could find a monkey. Pack it in, man. I'll find that monkey. It's over right there. Don't look and think. Just go home. I'll bet you ten dollars.  Get him. It's a federal drive to Gamble at the National Zoo. One frozen cherry tart, please. Sure! You want the four-inch tart or the six-inch tart? I'm so sorry.  They may be doing it. They may be doing it! It's a federal crime to call a frozen cherry pie a frozen cherry tart if its diameter is more than four inches.


Hello. I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education at the Skanna Girls degree college, University of Allahabad. And this time I'm going to discuss examination reforms in higher education. I have already discussed with you all, sorry, examination reforms at secondary education level. This time I'm going to discuss examination reforms in higher education. The lecture will be in bilingual mode and it must be useful to you all for your general as well as for your examination purposes. Do subscribe my channel to get my previous and future videos. First of all, examination system in higher education. We are going to talk about the improvement of the examination system in higher education. In India, the higher education has so far been largely examination oriented. In India, the higher education system is mostly examination oriented. The examination pattern that currently exists in university structure tests, memory learning. In most cases, the examination system is affiliating in nature with external final university conducted examination at the end of every semester or every year. This solely serves as the purpose of the assessment. Generally, the system more often than not insulates students from the quest of knowledge, excitement of discovery and boy of learning. Often the annual examination along with marks, percentages and division leads to insensitive cramming up of superficial discreet information thus with very digital focus on continuous assessment during the teaching learning process. In western countries, most of the universities and institutions of higher education are assessing the students wholly on internal evaluation method. Following the principle, those who teach should evaluate. The system followed in the western countries has been accepted by the whole world and the students coming out of those countries are valued higher than the degree holders of Indian universities. In India, examinations play a pivotal role in the deciding factor of career choice of students, ability to pursue the right higher qualifications and determine the degree of knowledge. The global competitive forces and the wave of disruptions in industry have brought in sweeping changes both in terms of skill requirement and decision making capabilities of human resource by exerting tremendous pressure to perform in complex situations. The current examination system is only asking for the skill of memory learning. Memory learning may be required, but it is not adequate to perform in a challenging environment. There is a need to assess application skills or skills of higher ability, like analysis, creation, evaluation etc. Examinations in its current forms are moments of stress and anxiety for students. Couples to this are issues of malpractices which have impact on their capability. Reforms thus are much needed to ensure credibility in the outcome of the assessment system. The first is objectives of examination system, models of examination system which can be followed in India and structural and procedural changes needed in the examination system. The second is learning outcome based education framework. We know that in 2015, learning outcome based education has been discussed, but we are forgetting the year, but the time has passed. There are very few higher education institutions or universities who are following this. I will share the old video link in the description. Learning outcome based education framework needs to be implemented at HGI's higher education institutions to structure and link evaluation right up to institutional goals. You can achieve the vision of learning outcome through classroom learning. UGC said that you should prepare the learning outcome based education framework. UGC said that guidelines necessary for proper paper setting as well as learning outcome based education may be discussed in orientation and refresher courses for the teachers. UGC said that question paper setting is poorly worded. There is a repetition of the question paper in the past few years, plus it is based on memory, and it does not ask us any critical thinking. It only asks us direct questions. That is why we are saying that question paper setting needs plastic reforms. While setting the question paper, questions from the question bank, independently by the paper setter in the pre-decided proportion, say 70s to 30s can be drawn with due consideration to the category of questions. They are saying that you should make a question bank. How do you make a question bank? Make it from experts. Make a fire. It happens suddenly that you have to make a question paper in two days. The question paper setter also makes it quickly. It does not even pay attention to the rules and regulations. You should follow them. That is why you should make a prior question bank. Decide from the previous proportion that 70s to 30s can be drawn with due consideration to the category of questions. The question paper in the question bank also follows the Blooms taxonomy. You should also know what the Blooms taxonomy is. You will be able to understand it. It is also an old video. You can listen to it. The composition of a question paper should be such that an average student should not find it is hard to get passing grade, while it should post real challenge to a good student with high scoring becoming increasingly difficult. The question paper should be like this. The average student, who is a simple child, does not find it difficult to pass. But the student who is a good child, finds it challenging to get a very good number. It means that discrimination, power, difficulty, level of questions should not be very difficult. Periodic academic audit of the question paper should be conducted with an objective of quality monitoring by the respective State Council of Higher Education of Constancy. They are saying that the State Council of Higher Education should keep an academic audit between the questions of whether the question paper is being made, whether the question paper is following the Blooms taxonomy, whether the difficulty level is right or not. And you know that generally nothing like this happens. Then, grading and credit transfer. Ensure a minimum amount of credit. Credit is the credit that is in CVCS. It is a voice based credit system that is not in UG. Ensure a minimum program wise uniformity in all HGI's with respect to number of course credits and total credit at UG and PG levels to facilitate smooth credit transfer. Now, let me tell you a little bit about credit. What is credit? We earn it. You can say that the time that has to be denoted is to study that particular topic, to study that particular course. It is called credit. For this, I will share the links of three videos from CVCS. Outcome based education, Blooms taxonomy and CVCS. Then you will be able to understand. So, he is saying that the credit system has been brought in so that we can transfer the credit. You have studied from one place, you are going to study from another place, or your studies are done in the middle, or you are going to take admission in another HGI. So, the transfer of the credit can be smooth. That is why he is saying that you should make a minimum program wise uniformity. That means, make an agreement that in all higher education institutions, how much credit will there be in course credits, how much credit will there be in total credit at UG and PG levels? You should first decide. And for computation of grade, grade points, SGPA, CGPA, etc., the same guidelines to be followed. And UGC said that all these institutions, grade, grade points, semester grade point average, SGPA, are semester grade point average. CGPA is cumulative grade point average. We should take this out. We will follow the same guidelines. Okay? He is saying that each HGI can have a committee to determine the equal balance of the credits in cases of transfer or horizontal mobility. Horizontal mobility is that we are on the floor. Vertical mobility is that we are going up. Horizontal mobility. I mean, you can assume that you have studied B.A. Part I somewhere. And you have to take admission somewhere else in B.A. Part II. This is horizontal mobility. That you are mobile at the same institution. Or B.A. Part I has left you in the middle and you had to change somewhere in the middle of the institution. So, he is saying that every higher education institution should make a committee. He says that how much credit will there be in transfer. And UGC has told the rules and regulations. They will come to you to study and learn. They will come to you to tell everyone in their institution. Guidelines for such equivalence committee can be provided. That is why they have provided guidelines. Okay? Moderation. UGC has said that we need moderation in our studies. Moderation means moderation at every stage is essential to evolve a fair, trustworthy, dependable and transparent evaluation system. That is, we will have to see that a question paper, a question paper, a setter has made a question paper and we have to make it moderated from someone else. Is it okay? Is it difficult? Is it too tough? Is it too easy? Are all questions of higher order? Are there any lower orders? Are there any lower orders? Are there any higher orders? We need moderation at every stage to see all of this. For example, at the stage of paper setting when there is an assessment, re-assessment is required. If the child has asked to do it again, many children demand that we have less number in the copy. At the stage of re-assessment, post-evaluation should be moderated at all stages. That is, after getting one expert, you should cross-check from another. Then, on-demand examination. UGC has said that we should give flexibility to the students that they can be examined on demand. You can understand that it is very difficult for a country like ours where there are so many problems, but it should be provisioned somewhere. At this time, steps are initiated in the direction of providing an examination facility to the students, and the system should ensure highest dependability, openness, reliability, transparency and recognition. Okay. There is an internal and external examination. As we just talked about, western countries depend on internal examination. They say that you should get an internal examination system. The system of IE should be objective, student-friendly, transparent and free from personal bias or influence. They say that the internal examination should be objective, student-friendly, transparent, and not personal bias or teacher-friendly. And the result of IE means, you should immediately tell your internal examination. And they say that you should first decide for UGPG what would be the proportion. Like IEM, internal examination would be 30 to 70. Meaning that the number you will get from the internal examination you will get it from external. Similarly, in PG 40 to 60, you will get your internal exam and you will get your external exam. Okay? Similarly, male practices. How can the wrong practices be removed in the examination? By protecting the identity of candidates and examiners from each other. A lot of post exam male practices can be taken. That is, the child who is registered to give the same exam, a full proof system exam and use of encrypted barcodes which hides the identity of the student from not only the examiner but also the exam department. Employees may be used. This can be used in conjunction with other method example, randomizing of exam scripts given to any particular exam. Meaning that any exam script, question script, answer script can be checked by anyone. Randomization can be done. No male practice examination and technological intervention or technology-based automation technology has come. Why not use technology to make such a lengthy process of examination easy. UGC can take initiative. UGC can take initiative to make such a software with which the child is registered, their seating arrangement, their hall ticket to be generated, their internal and external assessment marks, their result making, calculation of grades, these can be made available to the HCI to expedite proper implementation of the reforms. When this is done, provide it to higher education institutions so that their work, time and manpower is saved. As I told you, the UGC has said to make a question bank. It has to be uniform, quality, standard, a big question bank where you can randomly select questions and give them to the child and make good questions that really assess you. And the last but not the least result declaration. The result of the examination is a crucial element of the educational system of HCI on which rests its credibility and reputation. The result of the examination is very delaying. You don't have to fill in your results. In order to strengthen the process of the result declaration, it is important to incorporate the features like timeliness of the declaration of the result. Clearity of interpretation of the result card. It's comprehensive format accessibility and verifying. The UGC has said that you should make a question bank or a question paper according to Bloom's taxonomy. Use the technology and help it. You can take an internal examination as well. The result can be declared on time. The UGC has said that the examination system of HCI is important. Okay. So, I have completed this very topic that is examination reform in higher education. So, I have completed this one. Thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education. I have done from my side.


What makes for excellence in hard care? It starts with one of the most amazing teams of heart surgeons and cardiologists that I've seen assembled under one roof and the region's leading technology in a new $40 million facility. This is the nationally recognized Heart and Vascular Institute of Eastern Kentucky at Pikeville Medical Center. Pikeville High School's academic team won their 35th District Governor's Cup and are gearing up to move on to the regionals. Yeah, so I placed first in social studies. Overall in social studies we topped first and second. Yeah, I got second and he got first by one question, which is a big W, you know what I'm saying? That's true. The whole team, Eli placed first in language arts, Anish placed first in math, Osta placed first in arts and humanities. Overall, the team placed first in quick recall and many of the students placed high in their individual tests. Well, next we go to region, which is a broader area. It's much harder. There's a lot more people there. A lot more competition. Yeah, quite a bit. Johnson Central is always there. Yeah, that one's always a lot tougher. It's a much more difficult thing. Just because of the like, um, variety. Yeah, yeah, and if we make it past that then we get to go to the state conference. As the students prepare for regionals, Pikeville High School's academic team is optimistic and ready to give it their all against Johnson Central and the other competing schools. For mountaintop news, I'm Kelsey Dean.


Hi guys, and welcome back to this video. Let's see. I am really really pregnant right now, so I apologize. I know I am not looking my normal video self and by the time that you guys actually see this, I will hopefully not be pregnant. But for now, I'm pre-recording videos ahead of time, which I've already mentioned to you guys. But I'm gonna do a video today talking about some tips for charting kind of just some charting stuff in general because I know that as a nursing student I was really stressed about charting as a nurse and when I precept other students they are always like concerned about charting and that's because I don't really feel like it's something that's covered a whole lot in nursing schools. So I wanted to give you guys a couple tips and just kind of run through some basic things about charting, kind of some the best things to do versus to not do. And I actually asked you guys on my Instagram what tips you had and I got a lot of the same tips. And so I'm gonna share some of those as well. A lot of these were things that I already was going to share, but I was like, okay obviously this is a very important thing that you guys took from charting and when you learn. So I'm gonna share a couple of those as well. One of the recommendations that a lot of you guys said is to chart as you go. But a lot of you also said don't forget to be a nurse first and take care of your patients first, which is very very important. We should try and chart as we go, meaning that if we do one patient assessment, like go chart that, go on to your next thing, chart that, go on to the next thing, chart that, and kind of just do things as you go in a timely matter. But there's obviously going to be times where you're really busy and you're not going to be able to chart as you go in that moment and that's okay to not be able to do that and really you have to take care of your patients first and foremost. If your patient's struggling or something's going on, you're not gonna be like, hold on, let me chart your vitals really quick. You're going to do that when it's an appropriate time. So your patients always come first, charting comes next. But in the perfect world, you should chart as you go in real time as they say. A lot of you guys recommended to write down times of things when you do them. So that way if you can't chart as you go, at least you have those times to look back onto. And I like to do this, especially when it comes to like important events or maybe I talk to a provider and I like to write down that time. So that way I know when I need to go back and chart that, especially if I'm not able to in the moment or during like an intubation or something like that. If I'm pushing meds, write down the times that those meds were pushed so that when I go back and chart them, they're at accurate times. Next tip is that when you talk to a provider or a doctor or really any ancillary staff member or family member, make sure that you're charting that. Even if it seems very simple, try to be very thorough with when you're communicating with others and making sure that's documented, especially when it comes to doctors and you're notifying them of labs, you're notifying them of changing conditions, or maybe you're just updating saying, hey, social work mentioned that the patient isn't going to discharge today. I'm just calling to let you know. Make sure that you're charting that. Even the simplest of things, just chart it so that way it doesn't come back to haunt you, so to speak, and I've never had that happen to me, but I've heard of nurses tell stories or providers that'll come back and be like, well, you never called me about that. It's like, actually, I did and you can document it. I also like to add when I've maybe called family members in there or spoke to other ancillary staff members. So like if I called a family member to get consent or maybe I called family member to update them on a patient's condition. Now, I may not be very specific in my note, but I will at least say like called patient's wife Barbara and the time is obviously in there to update on patient's condition or something like that. Now, with that being said, you really should try and limit the amount of nursing notes that you're doing, the amount of free text that you're doing because the charting systems are meant to be standardized and if you are writing notes, then you're kind of going out of the standard. So I know some people recommend to like go at the end of your shift and write a complete note on your shift. I don't recommend that and I've always been told not to do that because your charting system is there for a reason. Stick to that and don't write nursing notes unless you absolutely have to because that can be up for misinterpretation.  My next couple tips are to maybe have a checklist at first when you're starting out charting that you go off of. Maybe you've made it yourself. Maybe it's in the charting system. That way you're not forgetting things. So like if your assessments every four hours, maybe have a little note that you've created for yourself that says, okay, every four hours assessment and you can check it off as you go. That's what I did when I first started off with a new charting system is I wrote down when specific things were due like for charting. Was it every hour? Was it every two? Was it every four? Was it once a shift? And I checked it off as I went so that way I didn't miss anything. And then I got in the habit of just knowing what to chart. But for that first little bit, the checklist was super helpful. It's also important to get into a routine with your charting.  So that way it just you get quicker at it. It becomes repetitive or becomes routine. And you will know if you miss something because it'll feel weird. It'll be off your routine, so to speak. The next thing that I like to do, and that's something that you guys recommended is to review your charting at the end of your shift or maybe at specific times during your shift, maybe after your first assessment, you review this charting or after your second assessment, you review this charting. And I like to do mine by assessment. So I start my first assessment. When I'm charting my second assessment, I have my first assessment lined up right next to it so I can see if I've accidentally clicked something that was wrong. And same thing when I'm charting anything else is I always kind of look back to what the previous thing I charted was so I can make sure that I'm consistent or if there was a change, it's documented. I can't tell you how many times I go back to look at my assessments and I've accidentally charted that this patient's right arm was flaccid and I meant to say that there was no abnormality in their arm. Like it's, I can't tell you how many times I've seen previous nurses chart things like that. And so it's important to kind of continuously review your charting whether you do it at the end of the day or with each assessment or whatever your routine is just kind of stick to it and glance over it. It really doesn't take that much time but if you can review your charting, you're gonna save yourself from making errors. So those are my tips slash your guys' tips combined together. Thanks for sharing all your tips. It was awesome to know that we're like on the same page and a lot of people agree with things and that there's kind of this like standard across the board.  It's just like learning a new technology today. Like you get a new cell phone, it's weird at first.  It's like I've had this cell phone for 10 years. You just get used to your charting. Honestly, like, yes, there is a lot of charting in nursing, but if I sit down and tie myself and I'm not interrupted on two patients, I can chart all of my morning assessments, all of the vitals, eyes and nose, ADLs, med infusions, whatever. And there's obviously a lot of stuff to chart on for ICU patients because they have lots of lines. They've got lots of drips and things like that. I can chart on both patients and do all of that in less than 10 minutes, like hands down, less than 10 minutes. I would like to even say maybe five minutes, but that might be pushing it. But between five to 10 minutes, I could chart all that stuff. So really it's not terrible. It's just the fact that it's so much to do and you're getting interrupted constantly and if you have maybe five or six patients, then it can get a little confusing and you don't want to overlap them and make sure that you're consistent. And anyways, you guys will be fine is what I'm trying to say. So I hope you guys enjoyed those tips. If you did, give it this video a thumbs up and subscribe to my channel. And I'll see you guys next time. Bye.


All right, here we go, all right, here we go. All right, be more abstinious, or good night, or vow, the tempest. The word abstinious existed, but it meant to abstain from alcoholic drink. So Shakespeare changed that to apply to sexual behavior as well. Two, our court shall be a little academe. Love's labor's lost. Such accommodation and resort as levels with her freedom of fellow. Our selves will hear the accused and the accuser freely speak. Richard, second. That's the first known use of accused as a noun. Each man to what sport and revels his addiction leads him, a fellow, I love that. Your friar is now your prince, as I was then. Advertising and holding to your business, measure for measure. Even till we make the main an aerial blue and indistinct regard of fellow. And in his needy shop of tortoise hung, an alligator stuffed. Romeo and Juliet, the Spanish word was already in use in English, but Shakespeare adapted it to be Englishized. But look, amazement on my mother's sits, Hamlet. And why amazement hurries up and down? King John. People like to know more amazement, the tempest. There were 10 other occasions of this word stopped him on the guard's favorite words. Item anchovies and sack after supper. Henry IV, part one. This was the first use in English of the Spanish word. Each man apart, all single and alone, yet an arch-villain keeps him company, time of Athens. And now, loud howling wolves arouse the jades. Henry VI, part two. If the assassination could travel up the consequence, Macbeth, the noun assassin was already in use and derives from hashish eater. Oh, wow. That was a nice little sentence he spoke out there. I find my zenith does depend upon a most auspicious star, the tempest. The adjective comes from office, a Roman practice of fortune-telling by bird flight. All right, she was the first fruit of my bachelorship. Henry VI, part one. Call you that, the backing of your friends. Henry IV, part one. A Roman sorter and bandetto slave, murdered sweet Tully. Henry VI, part two. From which evolved Bandit, the first use in English of a familiar Italian word for people who were banned, i.e. outlaws. Though I quit with bare-faced power, sweep him from my sight, from the Scottish plague. Like the baseless fabric of this vision, the tempest. Ah. It's the beach in the beached margins of the sea from a mid-summer night's dream, meaning possessing a beach. I love that. Pardon, old father, my mistaken eyes that have been so biz-dazzled with the sun, bedazzled from the taming of the shrew, then by your side, no bedroom of me, deny from a mid-summer night's dream. Thyself and thy belongings are not thine own from measure for measure. Now no soil or caudal dock be smurched, the virtue of his will. Hamlet. That's the French bet against the Danish, sorry, from Hamlet, Bob. That's the French bet against the Danish. My birthplace, hate I, from Coriolanus. My face I'll grind with filth. Blanket, my loins, from King Lear. The first use of blanket as a verb. Blood stained with these valiant combatants from Henry IV, part one. A reverend man that graced his cattle by, sometime a blusterer from a lover's complaint. It would, thy father's heart, with proud desire of bold-faced victory. From Henry VI, part one. Why streus thou sugar on that bottled spider from Richard III? And yet I warranted, had upon its brow, a bum as big as a young copperl stone from Romeo and Juliet. He wants not buzzers to infect his ear. From Hamlet, not the current meaning, it meant gossiper. Ah! The blood is caked, it is cold, from time and the balance. It is the first use of the common noun as a verb. If thou didst put this sour cold habit on who castigames thy pride to her well, also time and the balance. He thought the raven's feed, yea, he providently catered this for the sparrow, as you like it. Confate into the list and champion me to the utterance. My birth, this noun was common, this is the first use as a verb. This fierce abridgment has to it circumstantial branches, similarly. There were the seed, the trumpet, clivered sounds. Henry IV, part two. Thou cold-blooded slain King John. Cold parted toward me, Anthony Cleopatra. I therefore beg it not to flee some powder to my appetite, nor to comply with heat another. When Labanette himself were compromised, the merchant of Venice, am I not, fun-sanguinious, am I not of her blood? 12th night. I extend my hand to do thus, quenching my demonious smile with an austere regard of control. 12th night. Thou didst have a noun. All whom ye powers did give heaven countless eyes to view men's acts. Here are these. They have counted my lesser part, man, my bed. This is the first use of in English of a Scandinavian verb, Cali. And forsooth, I in love, I that have been loved's whip, of very beetle, to a humorous sigh, a poetic name, a night watch constable, love's labor's most. Lady, do not put me to it, for I am nothing if not great at all. Also a thumb. Yet, did not this cruel heart of curse shed one tear to gentlemen of the rumour? Perfect that the Panonians and Dalmatians, for their liberties are now in arms, simply, that's not actually about dogs. And to that dauntless temper of his mind, he hath a wisdom that has guide his valor to act in safety, my bet. Come away, it is almost clear, dawn, measure for measure. This is the word's first use, as in how the standard had been dawning. Oh, still, thy dreadful deafening thunder, as pericles, may do my guardians, my depositories, King Lear. Now is the winter of our discontent, made glorious summer by this sun, of York, richly the third. The berg was in use, but this is the first use as a noun. Dexterously, good Madonna, 12th night. Away with these disgraceful wailing robes, hand me the six part one. Not the current meaning, it means not graceful. No man should possess it with any appearance of fear, lest he, by showing it, should dishearten his army, hand me the fifth. Word to my thickness, to let these hands obey my blood, they are apt enough to dislocate and tear thy flesh and bones, King Lear. After distasteful looks and these hard fractions, they froze me into silence, time and it happens. Since now we will divest us, both of rule, interest of territory, cares of state, King Lear. A domineering pedant, or the boy, loves labor's lust. His industry is upstairs and downstairs, hand me the fourth part one. Supposedly that's the first use as an adjective. Those are droplets which from nigger's nature fall, time and it happens. I have drug to their possits, like Beth, the first use as a verb. Do I not faint? Do I not dwindle? Hand me the fourth part one. Thank you. Do you not educate you that the charge house on the top of the mountain loves labor's lust, of sovereign's shame, so elbows him from King Lear. This, the first use as a verb. Accept this hearty kind embrace. Henry VI part one, first use as a noun. Troilus, the first employer of panders, from much ado about nothing. All my engagements will I construe to thee, Julius Caesar. So will I turn her virtue into pitch and out of her own goodness make the net that shall enmesh them all from a fellow. With as little a web as this, I will ensnare as great a fly as Cassio from a fellow. I myself am like a prophet, suddenly enwrapped from Troilus and Cressida. Cleopatra and himself in chairs of gold were publicly enthroned from Anthony Cleopatra, a plague upon your epileptic visage. From King Lear, first use as an adjective though the noun was old, what an equivocal. Companion is this, from all's will that ends well. First use as an adjective though, the verb to equivocate, was familiar. This strange, eventful history from as you like it. Excitements of my reason and my blood from Hamlet. First use as a noun with old you experience from Richard the second, when we have our naked frailties hid that suffer in exposure from the scourged blade. Your bugle eyeballs from as you like it. Tyranny, which never coffed but blood, would by beholding him have washed his knife with gentle eyedrops. And that's from Henry IV, part two. And I soar to our solemn festival from the tainting of the shrills. Whom, ha ha, whom I will trust as I will address Spang from Hamlet. I will greet thee where Mr. Spang is at a farmhouse, the merry wives of Windsor, of far off shore. And we the sixth, part three, to promise is going to support the unfashionable time in the pathens, brought from little ways both to fathomless, to write this in front of that, after life's fitful fever. Let me try that one again, after life's fitful fever. Wow, after life's fitful fever, you sleep. Uh, my bad, the fixture of her eye has motioned it, the winter's tale, his flawed heart king Lear. Grosvius has an adjective. Sit the town upon this flowery bed, amidst the night's dream, wise men are grown foppish king Lear, a threadbare juggler and a fortune teller, the comedy of errors. Then let me hear what yesterday night our council did decree in forwarding this dear experience. Here's the fourth, part one. First used as a verb. Will that be foul mouthed and voluminous knave? All's well, but as well. Shall we discourse the freezing hours away, simply, should I, with that frugal, frugal nature's frame, much to do with our company. Yay, that is the first 100. Okay, everybody clap, let's clap, let's clap, let's clap. Congratulations, the ruthless vass and gloomy woods tied to Sandronica's. This adjective is now common, but then to gloom was a verb. Those his goodly eyes have glowed like plaited Mars and to be in Cleopatra. The word evolved from meaning red and warm to the current usage. The unlegible and gnarled oak measured for measure. This was an alteration of knurled with a K, which was a standard word for both feet. Her assistant or go-between parted from me, Mary Wyse Windsor. I'll gossip at this feast, the comedy of Eris. This was the first use as a verb. Gossips were one's familiar friends. Be you prostrate and robble on the earth, hand you six part two. A raw and gusty day Julius Caesar first used as an adjective the noun was common. I did fellow, yes, King Lear. It was my hint to speak from a fellow. We shall buy maiden heads as they buy hognails by the hundreds. Henry IV, part one. Hog-naw is his word, give or take from twelfth night and consciences that will not die in debt. Pay him the dew of honey-tongued boyette from love's labor's loss. The prize I'll bring me to will good wink at this miss chance. The tempest, the literal meaning to cover with a hood was already well-known from falconry. The hot blood of God's assist me from the merry wives of Windsor. All things that belongs to house or housekeeping, the taming of the shrew, to humor, the ignorant, from love's labor's loss. First use as a verb, desperately. Desperately he hurried through the street from comedy of Eris. First use of hurry as a verb. I was ill tempered too, Julius Caesar. The witch immediacy may well stand up and call itself your brother, King Lear. The light bulb, just an impartial spirit. Henry IV, part two. All that impedes thee from the golden round, Macbeth. Both their eyes and ears, so cloyed importantly as now. Similarly, the inaudible and noiseness, but a crime, all's well that ends well. I was a foot of time, sorry about that. Shake the young of inauspicious stars from this world-weary flesh, Romeo and Juliet. Horsen indistinguishable curve, to our lesser precedent. My son corrupts a well-derived nature with his inducements, all's well that ends well. She gives the leader of the invitation to the merry wives of Winside. The invulnerable plows of heaven, King John. King Henry's blood must not be shed by such a jaded groom, and it's part two, precious, juicid flowers, Romeo and Juliet. Every particle and utensil labeled to my will from twelfth night, looking on it with lackluster eye, from as you like it, what lamb, what lady bird, from Romeo and Juliet. To lamp's infulness is soreer than to lie for me, from simulant, first used as a verb. Laundering the silken figures in the brine from a lover's complaint. I thought the jest be laughable from the merchants of Venice, as weaky as an unstained wench. The tempest. If I could win a lady at Leapfrog from Henry V, therefore I keep it lonely, apart from the witcher's tale. Hence you long-legged spinners, hence, from a Midsummer night's dream. What? Have I skipped love letters in the holiday time of my duty, and am I now a subject for them from the married wives of Windsor? Bring your luggage nobly on your back from Henry IV, part one, as lustrous as ebony. From twelfth night. The nimble-footed mad cat, Prince of Wales, Henry IV, part one. First, used as an adjective. Ah, this is a most majestic vision of the tempest. If that doesn't have so greatly, so majestically hang me up on the yield, then I'll say it for part one, the malignancy of my fate twelfth night. Where's our usual manager of mirth amidst of a night's dream? One of them is playing fish, and no doubt markable the tempest. Well, now, you are met more foes with a mistress, the two gentlemen of the barona. This is Moussoul Paroles, the gallant militarist, all as well as as well. Fourth, my mimic, comes, amidst of a night's dream, and misgiving still falls shriveling to the purpose Julius Caesar. Of course he is, that is now. I'll have this crown of mine cut from my shoulders, ere I will see the crown so fowl misplaced, which is the third. Interpretation will misquote our looks under the fourth part one. Not value to the money's worth, love's labor's lost, like a rusty nail in monumental mockery for I was impressed about. Fan the moon beams from his sleeping eyes amidst of a night's dream. I set my liver rather heat with wine than my heart's cool with mortifying groans from the region of Venice, still emotionless. And with a fifth, yield rustic mountaineer, sibling, the multitudinous seas incarnadine. Let every eye negotiate for itself, but to do about nothing, as apt as new fallen snow, Venus and Adonis, more newfangled than an ape, as you like it. Being nimble footed, he hath outrun us, the two gentlemen of the barona. Spreads his banners in our noiseless land, King Lear, their numbed and mortified bare arms. King Lear, first used as a transitive verb, and then straight as if you know what that is. Ha, ha, ha, ha! Thou whoreson obscene grease tallow catch from Henry IV part one, whilst I a while obsequiously lament from Richard III. Once more I'll read the ode that I have writ, loves labor's lost, as victors wear in the Olympian games. Henry VI, part three, the flash and outbreak of a fiery mind. Hamlet, first used, first, very first used as a noun. Boldly did out dare the dangers of time. Henry IV, part one, the prince my brother hath outgrown me far from Richard III. Brave death, awesome. Brave death outweighs bad life from Coriolanus, thin drink doth so overcool their blood from Henry IV, part two, by the overgrowth of some complexion. Hamlet, like overripened corn, Henry VI, part two, with overweathered ribs and ragged sails from merchant of Venice. I'll read the trade thus to thy overview, loves labor's lost. But pageantry, what feats, what shows, there it is. Pluck bright honor from the pale-faced moon, Henry IV, part one. Reason panders will, Hamlet, first used as a verb. What can thou say, but with perplexity more, King John? He follows to such perusal of my face, Hamlet. You know, I have petitioned all the gods for my prosperity. Coriolanus, first used as a verb. Be guilty, premeditated, and contrived in murder, and with effect. They sparkle still, the right from ethian fire, loves labor's lost. See, we intend to try his grace today, if he be guilty as to his published, and read the sixth part two, mulling and puking in the nurses' arms, as you like it. He has no more directions in the true disciplines of the war, so look you, that is a puppy dog, Henry V. Master is grown quarrelsome, attaining of the shrew, feed yourself with questioning, as you like it. That was the first use of the gerund. Ooh, another eight months. Yay, in his bright radiance and collateral light, all's well that ends well. I'll rant as well as thou, Hamlet. Lean, raw-boned rascals, Henry VI, part one, in some reclusive and religious life, much adieu about nothing. Ooh! Woo! Horseless, treacherous, lecherous, findless villain, Hamlet. Oh, my dear father, restoration, hang my medicine on my lips. King Lear, a comfort of retirement lives in this. Henry IV, part one, who, with this king, hath rivaled for his daughter. King Lear, first use as a verb. I know you two are rival enemies. And that is from a midsummer night's dream. First use as an adjective. Never a man's thought in the world keeps the roadway better than thine. Henry IV, part two, my often rumination wraps me in a most humorless sadness. And that most humorous sadness, as you like it. Rains sacrificial whisperings in his ear time in a bathroom. Now the concluenists like the sanctimonious pirate measure for measure. And yet, he had given me satisfying reasons, although the wildest savagery, the wildest stroke came jogged by pee-ish schoolboy Julius Caesar, a pirate boy, a little scrubbed boy, never the measure of admiration to Venice. A stifle of great fights, imagining Cleavatra, first use as a noun. For some such squire he was that turned your wit the seamy side without a thuller. Now is it mannered with wisdom and defense to get the enemy away and to secure us by what we can. Henry VI, part two, first use as a verb. I see thy glory like a shooting star. Rich in the center. You'll swear and terribly swear into strong shudders and to heavenly egg use, time in a bathroom. First use as a noun. It is silly to us to live, when to live is torment, for bellow. Such a dish of skin milk. Henry IV, part one. Sneak, not away, sir, measure for measure. First use as a verb. Five, powered woman, soft parts of wretch. Henry VI, part two. Bleared sights are spectacled to see him or less of a career. The splitting rocks, cowering in stinking sands, sportive humor now on the earth. Drunk, can speak parrot, and squabble, well done. Thus with a stealthy pace like that. So half my Egypt were submerged, and nearly better. Rome, I have been my soldier 40 years to lead my country's strength successfully. Titus Andronicus, first use of the current being. Poison, or fire, or suffocating streams of bellow. First use as a descriptor. Sully, the purity and whiteness of my sheets. The winter's tale. To the dreadful summits of the cliff, amulet. I will overblend the superscript. Lost labor's lost. Let me supervise the Kensenet. Lost labor's lost. A wretch made a dozen crap-tree staves, and strong ones, these are about switches to them. Enter the eighth. First use to mean twig. Well done, Phil, that's a lot of exit. For those who could speak low and tardily, Henry IV, Part II, a tardiness in nature, King Lear. The honours through the flames in your fair eyes, before I speak too threateningly, replies. All's well that ends well. He will clack her quality tightly, Bowie, the merry lives of Windsor. Old John of Gaunt, time-honoured Lancaster, which is the second. Thou tortured me to leave unspoken that, which to be spoke with torture thee. Symboline, first use as a verb. Two ceremonious and traditional, which is the third. Farewell, the tranquil mind, O fellow. In a most weak and deviled minister, great power, great transcendence, all's well that ends well. Unaccommodated man is no more but such a poor, bare, forked animal as thou art, King Lear. As one that unaware, hath dropped a precious jewel in the flood, Venus and Adonis. Could I meet him but once a day it would unclog my heart of what lies heavy to it. Correlamus, that so the shadows be not unappeased, Titus Andronicus, but that thy face is wizard-like, unchanging the merchant of Venice. Why, then, my taxing like a wild goose flies, unclaimed of any man, as he'd like it. Uncomfortable time, why came so now to murder, murder my solemnity from Romeo and Juliet. Her name is Portia, nothing under value to Cato's daughter, the merchant of Venice. Madam, undress you now and come to bed, the taming of this room. How ceremonious, solemn, and unearthly it was in the offering from winter's tale, to show, as it were, his inclination after his undressed, unpolished, uneducated fashion from love's labor's lost. All good men of this ungoverned aisle for Richard Third. Unhand me, gentlemen, Hamlet. Uncovered slander, unmitigated rancor, much ado about nothing. All you unpublished virtues of the earth from King Lear. Unreal mockery, hence the Scottish play. There's not a god-left unsolicited from Titus Andronicus. Is the chair empty? Is the sword unswayed from Richard the Third? And I, in all unwillingness, will go Richard Third. His industry is upstairs and downstairs. Henry IV, part one. Supposedly, first use as an adjective, just like downstairs. The urging of that word judgment have bred a kind of remorse in me. Richard the Third, first use as a noun. Here we go. Sweet, varied notes, enchanting every ear, Titus Andronicus, who, like a late-sacked island, vastly stood, bare and unpeeled, against fearful flood of great profusion. I have no spur to prick the sights of my intent, but only vaulting ambition, at best, to be imprisoned in the viewless winds, measure for measure. Let's fall by a blade on vulnerable crests, at best. Though watchtow's bark, the tempest, he gave such orderly and well-behaved reproof to all uncomoliness than their wives at Windsor. A gentleman well bred and of good name, Henry IV, part two. He is a worthy gentleman, exceedingly well-read. Henry IV, part one. Thus the worldly gig of time brings in his revenges, twelfth night. He hath widowed and unchilded many a one, Coriolanus. Maze with a yelping kernel of French curses. Maze with a yelping kennel of French curses. From Henry VI, part one. First use of the adjective. Some slight, here we go. Some slight zany, or love slayers' loss, used as a noun based on the Canadian delagde zombie. And that's it. That is already 278. Don't worry, there's another day. Oh! Here are 22 words that we think really wish would be used more commonly. Fite, meaning united by affinity. Attached, meaning taken to task. Be thumped, meaning cuddled or attacked. Everybody needs to get to a thumped. Collab or claw, meaning to be soundly. The comates, meaning fellows or comrades. Concreted, meaning simultaneously greeted and met together. Convive, meaning to be convivial and feast together. And the flow of words is here. Dispunge, meaning to discharge us from a sponge. Inactors, meaning purposes put into action or intentions acted. We commit every day for a living. Fire new, meaning newly created or coined as in a forge. Forgetive, meaning capable of mentally forgetting. You know that Shakespeare created these words long before Facebook. It gave me a feeling right here. I have no idea. I was looking at my Facebook was there. So here's one of my favorites. It really is. Incarnation, meaning to make something red. I got to say that when I played with Beth on the tour. Kindless, meaning without consciousness. Mis-tempered, meaning misguidedly, bad tempered. Needly, meaning needfully or necessarily. Meaning actively efficacious, pediscule. A play on pedant that implies pettiness as an element of taking on a shrew. Priny, meaning sprinting or early blooming. Reloom, meaning to light again. Hello? Rookie, meaning full of trees where rocks live. Rubious, meaning rosy and red-colored. Common phrases created by Shakespeare. Are you ready? Can we go back? Oh, yesterday is Macbeth. All is well, and ends well. Types of as good luck would have it. Very less good luck. Baited thread, then odd version of Venice. Be all and end well, Macbeth.  Brave new world, tempest. Break the ice, taming of the shrew. Breathe to his last, Henry VI, part three. Hurt the taming of the shrew. Come what, come may, Macbeth. Crap of doom, Macbeth. That's a lot in Macbeth. Dead as a doordale, Henry VI, part two. Devil incarnate, isdronicus. A district for the gods, Julius Caesar. Dog will have his day. Hamlet, dogs of war, Henry V. Eating out a house and home, Henry IV, part two. Elbow room, King John. There we go. Parted, Henry VI, part one. Fancy free, midsummer night's dream. Fight till the last gasp, Henry VI, part one. Forgone conclusion of fellow forever and today, as you like it. For goodness sake, Henry VIII. Full circle, King Lear. The game is up. The game is up. Wind, sports and buzzer. Reach to me, Julius Caesar. Green-eyed monster, a fellow. Heart of gold, Henry V. Part of hearts, Hamlet. High tide, a company of error. Hoist with his own guitar, Hamlet. Household words, Henry V. No wind that blows no man to good, Henry IV, part two, in a pickle, Tempest. Infinite variety, Antonin Cleopatra. Itching palm, Julius Caesar. It smells to heaven, Hamlet. Judgment day, Henry VI, part one. Kill with kindness, taming of the shrew. Knock, knock, who's there, a pet, right? Lie low, much to do about nothing. Live long day, Julius Caesar. Love is blind, merchant of Venice. Make a virtue of necessity, twelfth night. The milk of human kindness is from the Scottish play. Mine's eye, Hamlet, melted into thin air. Tempest, more in sorrow than in anger. From Hamlet, more sinned against than sinning. King Lear, much to do about nothing, is a title. The naked truth loves labor's loss. Neither rhyme nor reason, as you like it. Knock, slap, one wink, simple thing. Obvious as the nose on one's face, two gents. Once more to the breach, Henry V. Once, well, food, my bet. One fell swoop, my bet. One, a lot, not wisely, but too well, a fellow. Old flesh and blood, Hamlet. Parting is such sweet sorrow, let me enjoy it yet. Past is prolonged, Tempest. Pitch a battle, taming of the shrew. Play fast and lose, King Lear. Palm-banned circumstance, oh fellow. Primrose path, Hamlet. Refuse to budge an inch, taming of the shrew. Salad days, Antony and Cleopatra. Seen better days, as you like it. Send packing, Henry IV, part one. Set my teeth on edge, Henry IV, part one. Sick at heart, Hamlet. Smooth runs the water where the brook is deep. Henry VI, part two. Something in the wind, comedy of errors. Something wicked this way comes from the Scottish play. Sound and fury also from that play. Star-crossed lovers Romeo and Juliet. Time is out of joint, Hamlet. The short and the long a bit, merry wives. Thereby hangs a tale, a fellow. There's the rub, Hamlet, this mortal coil. Hamlet, though this be madness, there is, there be method in it. Hamlet, too much of a good thing, as you like it. I don't so be true, Hamlet. Tower of strength, Richard III. Truth will have its conversion to Venice, where my heart, upon my sleeve, oh fellow, wild goose chase Romeo and Juliet. Witching time of night, Hamlet, what a piece of work it's made. Hamlet, what's done is done, but in fact, what's in the name Romeo and Juliet, working-day world, as you like it, world's life. Oyster, merry lives of winter.


I've traveled all around the world, I've wrestled in front of millions of people both live and on TV. I've had the pleasure of working with some of the greatest performers in the world. Dwayne The Rock Johnson, Stone Cold Steve Austin, baseball legend Pete Rose, Drew Carey, fellow libertarian by the way. The Muppets, Kermit and I are pretty tight. I was even in a Scooby-Doo movie. Let me tell you something folks, you know you've made it in pop culture when you're in a Scooby-Doo movie, okay? But when people look at me, I think they often just see that. They see sort of the finished product. They don't see the process that I went through to be able to get to that. Again, the reason I've been able to do the things that I've been able to do is not necessarily because I'm special. I do have a unique skill set. Not a lot of people are cut out to be professional wrestlers, but I found something that I was good at and I had the opportunity to go out and do it. But if you look, I failed time and time again throughout my life at things that I tried. The free market means nothing if it means nothing other than the ability to fail and try again and to achieve greatness until you achieve what you want to achieve.


In this video we provide the solution to question number six for practice exam number two for math 1220 In which case we have to evaluate the trigonometric integral cosine to the fourth of 2x dx So because we have these cosines to the fourth we only have cosines no signs We really can't make a u substitution work here. We're gonna want to utilize the half angle identity here So recall that if you take cosine squared of theta, this is equal to one half one plus cosine of 2 theta And so that's what we're gonna try to use here. So we rewrite this upon doing so we would get one half Well, you have to also realize that let me step back for a second We have to realize that this cosine to the fourth is gonna be a cosine squared of 2x itself quantity squared And so when we apply the half angle identity, we're gonna have to square everything in there So we get the one half one plus cosine of 4x squared So we're gonna have to foil that out the one half squared gives us a one fourth I'm gonna put that in front of the integral there So we have this one plus cosine to the 4x squared when you foil that out you get one plus two times cosine of 4x and then we have also a cosine squared of 4x DX so that second cosine squared that we've now have cosine squared of 4x We got to apply the half angle identity to that as well. So we have to apply it twice Upon doing so We're still gonna have the one the two cosine of 4x that all stays the same If you're not using parentheses on your angle here, do make sure your four looks small you wouldn't want it to accidentally turn into like a Cosine to the fourth right notice like what's the difference there cosine to the fourth x or 4x? You have to be very careful to make sure it's a coefficient and not an exponent there But for the second piece we have one half one plus cosine of 8x Like so and before calculating the antiderivative. I'm gonna take the liberty of combining some like terms Because after all we have this constant one right here this constant one half I'm also going to take the liberty of distributing the one fourth through So we're gonna have one plus one half, which is three halves times that by one fourth That's gonna give us three eighths. It's the first one there Then the next one when you take two we distribute the one fourth on to the cosine of 4x since there's a two there That'll then become one half cosine of 4x and then on the last one you distribute this one half on there But then you spit out the one fourth as well. So you get this one eighth and that situation cosine of 8x Like so and now we're ready to take the antiderivative So when we put all of this together the three eighths when you take the antiderivative become three x over eight then for the next one we have a One half cosine of 4x as you take the antiderivative of cosine and we come sine But then by the chain rule you do have to divide by that four there So we're gonna end up with a one eighth sine of 4x and Then for the last one here same basic idea when you take the derivative of the cosine it becomes a sine But because of how the chain rule works, we're gonna have to divide by eight you already have a one eighth there So you get a coefficient of one sixty fourth sine of 8x I am putting parentheses on it now to make it very clear that these are coefficients and not exponents And then don't forget your constant at the very end that then gives us the correct antiderivative


What's up everybody? Jason here for jasperjasecasebrakes.com 1920 upper deck clear cut hockey 15 box case break Picker teams number five just sold out and we're giving away two series one boxes of 1920 to One customer or two customers in here guys So basically if you buy two or more teams you get an entry by four teams You get two entries by six teams you get three entries etc etc We'll get that list of customer names at the end of the break and the top two names We'll get a box each of series one hobby sealed to them sent sealed sorry So we'll do that at the end of the break. We'll advertise a customer name see who gets spots into that giveaway and We'll do it like that So let's do the break first. I did post up another one of these guys. So number six We'll be the second half of this case Erin has been her most of us. Whoo. It depends on the time Actually have to drive to my My mom's place tomorrow morning before I go to work. I gotta return something for her she gets a respiratory test this week, but Gotta help her a little bit more this week Hopefully she's good to go wherever she'd like All right, so one two three left four five six right two One two three This will be used for the next one guys. Like I said, we have one more And we'll use that But I'll be here at two o'clock though. I mean regardless you can come Come visit the store, of course. Oh One box got stuck That's what I was sure Yeah, guys, we Given away those jerseys. I really push those fillers and that's great guys who wanted so Like I said as we sell out these little fillers We'll get these a mixers done guys so continue to sell them out I gotta go through about like 20 orders after this really quick before I start the next filler, so Hollywood, yes, it is the same store. They used to be the same tanning salon. Yeah, I don't know if Google's updated the photo yet Morgan Frost rookie Flyers Matt McLaughlin or McLaughlin sir Ryan Poe For the Montreal Canadiens Did an episode Oh, they had a TV show I'm sorry, Matt. For some reason I met McLaughlin. I was thinking of Laughlin, Nevada But nice little hit there. Hopefully more man Adam both quests black amber. I was wondering I wonder how these actually sell Riso or Riso wise these black ambers are pretty nice. Oh nice Yeah, there's a very beautiful house right above our store. And of course, this is the very night. Oh This is why I think it is Wow, no way future watch autographs Connor McDavid That is a reprint of course of SP authentic 1516 and look at that who has the Oilers John with the Edmonton Oilers look at that. That is a beaut Very nice. UD canvas signatures at a 25 Tyler Bertuzzi With Detroit Mike Tower does look at that Bertuzzi Oliver Wallstern for the Islanders New York Islanders that is Eric Rasmus Oslin black amber for the Buffalo Sabres Buffalo Frank Nicholas Hague Black Amber rookies Vegas Golden Knights Camera with that one Embedded endorsements in 99 our Temi Panarin Rangers the pan man Eric with that one as well Sammy Neku Winnipeg Jets Jarell with that one. And we got embedded endorsements clear cut Alex de Brincat Hawks that is going to John I former boxes Well, this one has actually two hits First one we got is Phillips Zadina Redemption that is an embedded endorsements to 99 that'll be going to the Detroit Redwings and then we got We got Ryan Poe rookie debut canvas Not autograph, but there you go embedded endorsements Keith Yandle Florida Panthers and we got Morgan Frost 48 out of 48 red ink UD canvas signature is another one for you Matt. That's your second Martin Foster. It's the first one we did for you Yeah There you go. The last box guys. Good luck. Remember the second half is in the store Number six that'll be the second inner of course You can get going today as well This one has another double hit guys. This one has a redemption and Phillips Zadina Detroit Redwings and The redemption is Igor that is a clear-cut black amber rookie autographs and no numbering For the New York Rangers Eric.  It's only I know right. All righty guys and there you go so two double box hits Some good names and of course, I mean the biggest hit of course is this future watch McDavid Which is a beautiful hit? alrighty guys, so Let's switch scenes and give away a couple boxes of series one 1920 and again if you bought two or more teams you're automatically entered so Amir only has one spot Cameron only has one spot, but Chris you have two so that's one entry Danny with one David with one Eric with four so that's two entries Frank would just one Jor-El with three so that's one entry for you Jor-El Jor-El with two that's one entry John D with four that's two entries Mark G would just one Matt. You have two Matthew D has two so that's one entry each Mike Tower with one Wade with four and then Wesley would just one right there. All right Remember guys top two top two get a box each Ship sealed roll a One of four five times one two three four and five five times Wade and Eric there you go. All right, so there you go. Congrats guys. We'll send those out to you sealed appreciate everybody I remember this was the break number five if you refresh number six is in the store Let's get it going Jasper's case breaks.com


This study found that B2M can increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines and MMP-13 in synovial macrophages, suggesting that it could be involved in the development of osteoarthritis. This article was authored by Kyoko Munchich, Kentaro Uchida, Junekawa, and others.


We learn together, we work together, and we prosper together. Good morning, good afternoon, and good evening. I would like to welcome our viewers from around the globe to our latest EducationUSA interactive program on student visas. I'm Heidi Arola and I oversee EducationUSA, a U.S. Department of State network of over 400 advising centers in 170 countries where millions of international students each year find information about how to apply to accredited U.S. colleges and universities. Visit our new and improved site, educationusa.state.gov, to check out our five steps to U.S. study, or to find a center near you. We're here today to provide you with information about student visas so that you can feel better prepared when it comes time to apply for your visa. To help us answer your questions, we have Laura Stein, a visa specialist from the Bureau of Consular Affairs. Welcome Laura. Now to ask Laura your questions, please log into the live web chat area to the right of the video player, or tweet us questions with the hashtag study in the USA. Within the chat space, we also have EducationUSA staff and visa experts who are here to help answer your questions. Let's start off the discussion by first clarifying for everyone what a visa is. So visas to the United States are issued at U.S. embassies and consulates overseas. An issued visa is placed on a page in your passport. It looks very much like a sticker that's just literally stuck into the passport, and it grants you permission to apply for entry into the United States. Okay. Well, great. Here's another question that I hear all too often. Is it difficult to get a student visa, Laura? Well, a lot of prospective students do think it's going to be difficult to apply, and to qualify. However, our issuance numbers are telling a much different story. In fiscal year 2014, we issued more than 595,000 F category student visas worldwide, and that was more than in any previous fiscal year. Overall, of the total number of students who applied for visas to study in the United States, more than 85% were found to be qualified and were issued visas. Wow. Nearly 600,000 visas in 2014. That's amazing. It is. Well, here's another question that many prospective students have asked me. If someone has a tourist visa, can he or she use that visa to enter the United States to study? You can use a tourist visa to enter the United States. Yes, you can. However, you have to apply to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service for something that's called a change of status. This can be a lengthy process. You can face delays, and it could hold you up from starting your classes on time. So for that reason, we do advise that students actually apply for their visas overseas and enter the U.S. with a student visa. That makes sense. All right. Well, let's see if we have any questions from our audience. So here's an online viewer's question. What document should I have when applying for a visa so that I will have a chance of getting accepted? So first of all, you need to have either the Form I-20 or the DS-2019, the I-20 if you're applying for an F or M category student visa and the DS-2019 if you're applying for a J visa. You will also need to have your passport. You'll need to have a photo of yourself. Confirmation page that you completed the DS-160 visa application form and then application fees. You'll have to pay the visa application fee, which is currently $160 depending on where you're going to be applying, which embassy or consulate you can check their website for instructions on how you should pay that fee. Great. Finally, you have to have the receipt that you've paid the I-901 CVSV. Oh, okay. Great. Great. So you've just listed all the basic items that everybody around the entire world is going to need to do in order to apply for their student visa. That's great. And you also suggested that our viewers go to the consulate or embassy website of where they're going to apply because the actual application procedures can vary from post to post. Isn't that right? That is true, yes. That's how you're going to schedule your appointment, where you're going to pay the application fee, if there's any additional documents that they may want you to bring to that specific embassy or consulate, all that information is going to be provided to you on the website. Right. I actually started my career as a consular officer overseas. So I often found that people or students would bring very large stacks of materials and sometimes they would be a little bit disappointed when I wasn't looking at all the documents. Right. You've listed the basic ones and, you know, sometimes officers might want to see more, so it doesn't hurt to bring them, right? Right. They may want to see more and you can find out what those additional documents may be by looking at the website. Right. But you shouldn't be offended if they don't look at it, right? No, no. You do need to keep in mind when you're going to these visa interviews that you don't necessarily need all these different documents to establish that you qualify. The consular officer is going to interview you and ask you questions and chances are they won't even need to look at your additional documents. Right. Okay. Well, we have another question here. What are the different classifications of visas and what would I need to study in the United States? So there are numerous visa classifications depending on what your purpose of travel is going to be. For students seeking to study in the U.S., there are three categories. The F visa, J visa and M category visa. So F visas are for students in academic programs ranging from primary school right on through PhD. And F visa is also appropriate for language study program.  Students on J visas can study at the secondary school level. That's public or private high school or post secondary, which is college or university. Exchange visitors can be working toward a degree, but it's not required. And then the third category of student visa is the M category. This is for vocational or non-academic study. Well, I imagine a lot of our viewers here have already heard from their colleges and universities in the United States if they've been accepted. So normally the International Student Office will let the student know what kind of visa they're going to require and provide the appropriate document. And that actually leads into a question that we have from the audience. Can you explain more about the I-20 and the DS-2019 and what the difference is between them? Sure. So the form I-20 is a required document for applying for the F student visa. And as you said, it's going to be issued to you by the school. The form DS-2019 is a required document to apply for the J category exchange visitor visa. It's going to be issued to you by the designated sponsor of your program. Okay, great. All right, we have another question. An online viewer asks, how important is a scholarship listed within an I-20 for getting a visa? Is it really important and a plus point for the student for getting a visa? Whether or not you have a scholarship isn't going to impact whether or not you qualify for the visa. But obviously it speaks a little bit to financing. And one of the things for applying for a visa is that you need to be able to finance your studies. That's true. So that's true. If you have a scholarship, you won't need the amount listed on your I-20 that you're going to need to show that you can finance. It's going to be a bit less if you have a scholarship. So that's true. Great. Okay, we have another question. How long is the entire visa application process from start to finish? I think that kind of depends, doesn't it, Laura? Yeah, so if we're talking strictly about the visa process that is applying for the visa and receiving it, it's going to depend on things like how long you need to wait to get your interview. At most posts, we do try to keep the wait times low. They are going to go up some in the summer months naturally because a lot of students are applying for visas as well as folks coming to the U.S. for vacation. So there's that factor to keep in mind. After the visa interview, assuming you are qualified, as we said, more than 85% of students are found to be qualified, your visa will probably be issued shortly after your interview. Some cases, because each case is processed individually, some cases may require some additional administrative processing after the visa interview and the timeframe for that can vary. Great. I know that the State Department is committed to expediting student visas and I was just looking at travel.state.gov last night and I was very pleasantly surprised to see that many posts around the world just have a one-day wait for a student visa interview. That's true. Yeah, we do try to treat students with priority because we definitely want them to be able to get here on time to start their classes on time. Obviously, that's very important. That said, we do encourage you to apply early. Don't wait until the last minute. Once you have your I-20, your visa can be issued up to 120 days. So that's roughly four months before the start of your program. Great. And then when can you actually enter the United States before the start of your program? You can enter no earlier than 30 days before the program start date. Great. So you can settle in, maybe do a little bit of tourism, visit a relative before your classes start. Right. That's great. Okay, we have another question here. Shali asks, I was refused an F1 visa today. I would like to schedule another meeting at the U.S. consulate. Is this possible? Yes, it is possible. So if you are refused, if you're found to be not qualified for the visa, you can reapply. And we do, in fact, encourage students to reapply, particularly if your circumstances have somehow changed. So yes, you can absolutely reapply. Great. Okay, and another question. When should I apply for my student visa? And how soon can I enter the U.S.? Well, I think you already touched on that, so 30 days in advance. Yeah. So as far as applying for the student visa, once you have your I-20 in hand, the visa itself can be issued no earlier than 120 days before the program starts date, so you can be applying around that time. With a J visa, once you have your DS-2019 form, you can apply at any time. As soon as you have that DS-2019 form after you've applied, if you're found to be eligible, the visa gets issued right away. Okay. So you should apply early, right? Yes. Don't save everything for the last minute. Exactly. Okay, we have another question here. If I haven't yet received an I-20 or DS-2019, should I apply? Actually, you're going to want to wait to apply until you have received that form. So it's a very basic document demonstrating that you really even qualify to schedule the interview and that you're correctly applying for student or exchange visitor visa status. Right. And if you have any doubts, you can talk to your contact person at the International Student Office at the college or university that you're going to be attending. That's a good tip. Yeah. So, all right. Another online viewer asks, how important is it in having a scholarship to get a visa? Well, I think what this viewer is really getting at is the idea of financing your studies. And every I-20 has a certain amount of financing listed on it that amounts to one year of study. So there are various ways to show that you have the financial ability to pay for your studies. Isn't that right? Right. So at your visa interview, the Consular Officer is going to need to establish, well, you're going to need to establish, that you have funds readily available to cover that first year of studies. And then the Consular Officer also needs to be satisfied that you will have adequate funds to cover all subsequent years that you're studying. Right. So it's probably a good idea to bring with any bank statements that you have or that kind of information that can just show the Consular Officer that you do have the means to pay for your studies. Yes. And usually an interview is quite quick. Isn't that right? Yeah. Most interviews are fast. They have many folks to interview every single day. Right. So the interviews do need to be kept fairly short. Right. But we have found that it is possible for you to establish that you qualify for your student visa in that time. It is enough time for you to tell your story to the Consular Officer and to answer honestly all of their questions. Right. Right, Laura. You just mentioned something that I think is really important, and that is telling your story. So applicants should be prepared to talk about why they want to study in the United States and why they want to do it and why they want to go where they want to go. I think many people don't realize this, but there are over 4,500 accredited colleges and universities in the United States. So it's not really a given why a student would choose to study at any particular university. And I think a Consular Officer might be curious why did you choose that particular school? Mm-hmm. So. All right, well we have another question here. A viewer from Nepal wants to know if having printouts of standardized tests would suffice, or is it necessary to have official paper scorecard reports for the visa interview? So, let me see. So, yeah, each college or university is going to have its own requirements regarding entrance exams. If your program, for example, requires that you speak English, the Consular Officer is going to conduct your visa interview in English. Those documents, however, aren't necessarily required per se to be brought with you to the visa interview. You certainly can bring them, and we'd encourage you to check the website of the embassy or consulate where you plan to apply, just in case it is a document that they'd be interested in. But, like I said, it's not necessarily required. Right. Okay, how much of a role, if any, does the university's name play in getting a student visa? It really doesn't play any role. So, as you said, how many institutions are... More than 4500. Right, are accredited, and that's the most important part, obviously, that you have the I-120 form from an accredited institution. Right.  Right. Wow, these have been great questions. Keep sending them in using the chat area or on Twitter using the hashtag study in the USA. So, we've got a lot more questions coming. Kathy from Burma writes, if I feel my visa rejection is unfair, how can I get my case reviewed? So, what you can do if you were denied your student visa, you're free to reapply again, particularly if you have some new information or something you believe wasn't considered. You can schedule another visa interview and provide that additional information to the consular officer at that second interview. Right, and I think everybody just needs to remember to relax and stay calm and be prepared and be prepared to tell your story. Because, again, Laura, you said that more than 85% of student visas were issued last year, so that's a pretty high number. Right, yeah. We certainly recognize that you're going to be nervous. We just encourage you to come in, not be so nervous, just answer the questions honestly that the consular officer asks you and to tell your story. All right, another question. Well, on the same vein, is it difficult to qualify for a student visa? Yeah, I mean, a lot of students do think that it's going to be difficult, but our numbers are actually painting a different picture. More than 85% were found to be qualified last year and were issued visas. Right, and if you think about the whole college application process, it takes many, many months. So students have been preparing for many months. They've had to write essays. They've had to get letters of recommendation. They've had to submit their transcripts. So if you've done all of your homework, if you've prepared properly, it should not be the most difficult hurdle to overcome. Okay, we have another question here. What types of things are the U.S. consular officers looking for in terms of proof that the applicant will come back to his or her home country? And then an add-on question is how much money in liquid assets are they looking for? So there's no set criteria. There's no set questions that the consular officer is going to be asking you. Regarding finances, you're going to need to establish that you have funds readily available to cover that first year of your studies, and then the consular officer will also need to be satisfied that you're able to cover all subsequent years of your program. Great. Okay, we have a question from Fernando. For the vaccines requested for the student visa, should they be certified by a doctor recommended by the embassy, or can I go to any doctor for certification? If I go to any doctor, what are the requirements for certification? Well, actually, for the actual visa itself, as far as I know, there are no vaccines required. That would be the requirement of each individual college and university, right? Exactly. So for non-immigrant visas, like a student visa or an exchange visa, there's no requirement that you go for a medical exam or that you get vaccination requirements. But as you mentioned, yes, so all of those questions that you just asked, we'd encourage you that you check with your school on that. Great. Well, another viewer has a question about CVS. They're asking what it is. So CVS is the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System. It's run by SEVP, which is the Student and Exchange Visitor Program. They are part of the Department of Homeland Security's Association and Customs Enforcement. After you've been accepted to a U.S. school that you plan to attend, you get enrolled in CVS. Great. And I know that the Department of Homeland Security has a new website called Study in the States, which is really great. So I think for further CVS questions, our viewers could have a look there. Yeah, that'd be a very good resource. Okay, we have another question. I received the I-20 from a school which I used to get my student visa. I received another I-20 from a different school which I would prefer to attend. What should I do? So we know that students will often get accepted to, you're going to apply to more than one school and you may in fact get accepted to more than one school. But upon receiving that first I-20, you may immediately go and apply for the student visa using that first I-20 from the first school that you got accepted to. So if you're still outside of the United States and you've been issued a visa that you applied for using the first I-20, but you plan in fact to go to another school, let's say the second school that you applied to and were accepted to, you can enter the U.S. with the visa that was issued on the basis of the I-20 from the first school and then at the port of entry you would need to show the I-20 from that first school. For any subsequent entries into the U.S., so if you go back home for maybe winter break or spring break or if you leave for vacation elsewhere, when you re-enter the U.S., you'll show your student visa and the I-20 that was provided by the second school. If you're already in the U.S. and you've entered on the basis of that first I-20, you are fine to go ahead and attend the second school as long as that school has issued you an I-20. That sounds a little bit complicated and probably not a scenario that most students will encounter. But thankfully, as we've seen most embassies and consulates around the world can issue a visa normally between two days and two weeks. Thankfully it's not difficult these days to get a student visa appointment. Another question, do I have to take the TOEFL or GRE exams to qualify for a student visa? What if some schools do not require that I take the TOEFL or GRE exams to be accepted to those schools? So those of course are going to be requirements that the school may have just for you to determine whether or not they're going to admit you. These tests aren't required for the visa per se although you do need to keep in mind that if you're required to speak English in your program that the consular officer is going to be interviewing you in English. Okay, we have another question here. Can I apply for a student visa if I have a pending application for an immigrant visa? Yes, you can. Great. And if I don't have sufficient funds can a bank loan help? And how do I prove that I can afford to attend school in the United States? So usually your finances need to be liquid assets rather than a bank loan. So liquid assets meaning real estate isn't exactly a liquid asset. Right. So cash that's readily available. Cash that's readily available exactly. Great. Okay, do we have any more questions from our viewers? We have a question from Anne. Anne asks, I have a J1 visa that expired in June 2014. I was just accepted to a U.S. university master's degree and I'm going to apply for an F1 visa. I didn't go to any other countries after my first visit to the United States. Is this going to be a problem when applying for an F1 visa? So I believe she's asking... I believe she's asking if the fact that she hasn't traveled elsewhere since returning home from her stay in the U.S. on the J visa if that's going to somehow be problematic when applying for the F1 visa. Great. All right, here's another question. If I'm going to study in the fall semester, when do I need to apply for a visa? We'd encourage you to apply as soon as possible. As we said earlier, once you have your I-20, a visa can be issued up to 120 days before your program start date. So, yes, do apply as soon as possible. Great. And again, you can enter up to 30 days in advance. So, you know, give yourself time to settle in to get ready for the rhythm of your new academic program in the United States. Okay, how do I convert my F1 visa to an employment-based visa? So, first, an employer would, you know, you'd have to have an employer who wants to hire you. That employer in the United States would need to file a petition for you or on your behalf with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. After that petition is approved, here in the U.S. by USCIS, then you would need to apply for something that's called a change of status. This is also done by USCIS. I just wanted to point out there's many different categories of employment-based visas and you can learn more about them on our website, travel.state.gov. Great. And I think it's important to point out that the .gov addresses, so the travel.state.gov, they have our official information. I know there's a lot of information out there on websites, but if you have the .gov address, at least you know that you're getting your information from a U.S. government resource. We have a question from the audience. What is CPT? So CPT stands for Curricular Practical Training. You can work while you study. If you're interested in CPT, you should work out the details of that with your school. Okay, great. And another question, a follow-up perhaps, is what is OPT? All these acronyms. Yeah. So OPT stands for Optional Practical Training. It's permitted for 12 months after you've completed your studies. For students in the STEM and math, this period can be extended by 17 months for up to 29 months total. Okay. As with CPT, if you're interested in OPT, you would need to work out the details with your school. Okay, great. Well, we have another question from Juliano. Juliano asks, what is the difference between an I-90, I think maybe he means an I-94 and an I-20? So the I-90, yeah, maybe he does mean the I-94. The I-94 is the document that you would be issued at the port of entry when you enter the country.  And then the I-20 is what's issued to you by your school demonstrating that you've been accepted to their program. Great. And again, there's lots of information available on travel.state.gov. Yes. So if you're not hearing the complete answer that you need, please visit those sites. We do have another question. Is it difficult to get a student visa if you have close family residing in the United States? So whether you do or do not have family members in the United States, this isn't going to impact whether or not you qualify for a visa. Great. We have another question. An online viewer has a sister living in the United States. Can a sibling be a visa sponsor for a student visa? So, by sponsor, I'm assuming she's referring to can that person finance my studies. Yeah. You could potentially provide information from the sister that she's going to finance your studies. Yeah, that would be something that they would bring to the consular officer and the consular officer would determine if the financing was appropriate for the one year study as per the I-20. But what's important to remember here is if we're talking about sponsor in another sense, for the student visa, you do need to have, you need to have been accepted by a school, you need to have your I-120 and if you're participating in an exchange program, you need to have been accepted by that program and have the DS-2019 form to show that. Okay, we have a question from Karine. Karine asks, how do I provide proof of income? I think we've covered that a little bit. There are numerous ways that you can show that you have liquid assets, whether that be bank statements or cash at hand. Yeah, we have covered that. So as we said earlier, you're going to need to provide evidence that you have the ability to finance that first year of studies. Specifically, the amount that's listed on the I-20 form and then the consular officer will also have to be satisfied that she'll be able to apply for all subsequent years as well. Right. Okay, we have a question from Leah. Leah asks, if I'm in the United States already with a tourist visa, can I apply for a student visa or can I get more time in the United States to stay there until the process is complete? She has a follow-on question, but I'm going to just start with this one. Okay. So can she adjust status to become a student if she's in the United States on a tourist visa? Well, it's actually change of status rather than adjustment of status, and this is a process that you have to complete with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. It can be a lengthy process, an unpredictable process, you could face delays. It's possible, yes, but we do advise that students rather apply for their student visas outside the U.S. at a U.S. Embassy or consulate and enter the country with that student visa. And it was, will I have to go through DHS for changing status? Yes, DHS, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. Do I have to go outside of the country to apply at a consulate or embassy? And I think that the advice that you just gave was that it makes the process a lot less complicated if the student is able to return home and get a student visa from home, because it can take an unpredictable amount of time for that change. That's true. The result, if there are any delays to start your studies, you cannot begin your studies until the change of status has actually been approved by USCIS. That makes sense. Well, we have a question from Karine. Karine asks, if you come to the United States to study English and later apply for a master's, do you need two kinds of visas? So I guess the original I-20 would have been for an English program and then the student decides to do a master's program. So if these are both student visa programs with I-120, so if you were issued an I-120 for a language program and then you receive a new I-120 for the master's program, you can still stay on that same first visa that was issued for the language program as long as you have the valid I-20 for the master's program. I see. Great. Is the student visa generic for all academic programs and at all levels, undergraduate, graduate, or is it different for students wishing to study in the middle or high school level? So I think what the viewer is asking is do you have sort of different kinds of F1 visas? No. The category itself for a student is called an F1 and it's the same category regardless of where you're studying. Whether it's at the sort of the lower levels, high school or college or beyond. Okay, great. Another viewer asks, I'm on an H1 visa and wish to take classes and later on may wish to change to an F1. Is that possible? So this is again a change of status and yes it is possible. So if you're in the U.S. already on an H1 visa and you wish to change over to student status you apply for change of status with USCIS. As we were saying earlier though you wouldn't be able to begin your studies until you've actually been approved and if this particular individual just wanted to take one class in the evenings to perfect his English if it's just one course that would be allowable on the H1B, correct? That's true because it's sort of incidental to what you're originally there for but if your plan is rather to take a full course of study then you do need to apply for change of status. Great. Another question a student has a relative who entered the United States illegally several years ago. Could this be an issue for receiving a visa? No. So there was a question earlier I have relatives in the U.S. Is that going to impact whether or not I qualify? This question is very similar to that first question. So you know if you have family in the U.S. regardless of what their status is it's not going to impact whether or not you qualify now for a student or exchange visitor visa. Another viewer asks I came on an F1 student visa on the status. If I want to get back on the F1 status do I have to leave the United States or can I just get back on to F1 status in the United States itself? So this is a more complex question. I'm actually going to defer this question to some folks that we have who are answering questions online. Great. Okay, send your questions to the chat space because we want to hear from you. All right. And then I guess I would just like to end with one final question for you. Do you have any advice for student visa applicants out there? I guess the best a couple things. As we've said before don't wait to the last minute to apply apply as early as you can once you have your I-20 or your DS-2019 and don't be nervous when you're coming in for your visa interview. You know they just tell your story to the consular officer answer their questions and you know just be yourself. That's great advice Laura. Okay, well actually it looks like we do have time for at least a couple more questions. So Karina asks can you work while studying on a student visa? Yes, it is possible to work while you're studying. You would need to work out the details with your school. Okay, great. And if I'm not mistaken for the first year that work would have to be on campus and then after one year of studies it might be possible to work off campus but again you need to work that out with your school. Yeah, exactly. Okay, so indeed unfortunately we've run out of time and it's been wonderful being able to answer all of these questions. I want to give a big thank you to our online viewers from around the globe for participating and submitting these great questions and I'd also like to thank Laura Stein for joining us here today. Thanks Heidi. And for giving us so much information on student visas. Thank you so much. And although this chat is over you can continue to participate in our discussion on Twitter by using the hashtag study in the USA. And don't forget to visit educationusa.state.gov for more information on studying the United States. And also travel.state.gov for information on how to apply for a student visa. Join us for our next session in May to learn more about how to keep in mind before you depart for the United States. Everything from what to pack to how to find housing to how to adhere to your schools policies for international students. Join us on May 20th to find out. Bye for now.