Welcome to Access to Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey guys, good afternoon everybody. Welcome to another edition of the AccessToTrader.com, well, nightly update, but it's in the afternoon. It is around one o'clock Eastern time. Usually, obviously, I do the updates after the close, after five o'clock. Today, it's around one o'clock Eastern time. I got a crazy busy day. My son has opening day for his high school basketball season tonight, and then after I come back home, change, shower, all that stuff, then I have to drive to Manhattan. I have a holiday party to do a bunch of grown-up things, which I never want to do, but I have to do sometimes. So this is the only opportunity that I have to kind of record the video. There was no video last night. As you can imagine, how many times can I talk about in the last three weeks? The market is strong, taking out ranges, buy strong stocks, synthesize and support, and it's like every single day. So I figured after yesterday's move, give myself a day off, kind of clear my head. Yes, again, for anybody who's kind of living under a rock, you had J-PAL coming out, FOMC basically left rates unchanged, hinted about possibly cutting rates three times for 2024. We'll see. We'll see if that plays out to that degree. Throughout the week, we had more data to kind of support his decision or his stance with the CPI, with the PPI, ABC, ESPN, ABC via everything else in between. All those letters that everybody likes to talk about. But the most important thing is the market continues to be super-duper aggressive. Cues were a magnet to 400. And again, it really does show you how innocently everything started. Once we reclaimed, and this is kind of the message going into 2024, this is kind of your Bible. Anything above the 50-day moving average is super bullish. It's absolutely super bullish. Anything below the 50-day moving average is super bearish. And the point is you don't need to guess. When you're above supply, good things are going to happen. When you are below supply, not so much. And that's the most important part. Right now, what you're looking at is the day. Right? Is the trading day, market is taking a little bit of a breath, a well-deserved breath, a little bit of time out. And the most important part is even though the NASDAQ is right in the day and stocks are taking some profit-taking, we had an incredible run. And we've been talking about this for kind of a long time here. We don't know what's going to happen for 2024. We don't know. Okay, 2023 was an unbelievable year for the bulls going into today. I think this is even real time going into today. I think right now, the Qs are up for the year, down a dollar today. They're up for the year 52%. Okay, so 52%, they're up for the year. Incredibly bullish action. 2022, we were down about 36% of the year or 32%. I don't remember what it was anymore. But the point is nobody knows what the future has installed for us for 2024. And the absolute best way to kind of remove the doubt is trade both sides of the market. We've been saying this for a long time. God gave you two hands, two feet, two eyes, right? Use both sides of the market. There's absolutely nothing wrong with that. You're not evil. You're not Satan. You're not the antichrist if you short stocks in the same way. You're not a schmock. You're not a sheep or anything else when you buy stocks.  And your job is to identify supply, demand, the sentiment, everything in between and make sure that you are trading accordingly. The big story of the day, okay? The absolute big story of the day is what's happening on Tesla, right? So if you guys have been following along for the last, let's just say even the last month, month and a half, you'll notice that Tesla has been stuck in a channel, okay? Stuck in an aggressive channel for a very, very long time, okay? And every single time that Tesla is trying to get above this channel, trying to finally get above daylight, it's like a drowning victim, right? They pick up their head, they pick up their head and somebody's there to kind of push them right back on the water and that's exactly what's been going on in Tesla until yesterday. And this is kind of where the dynamics of what is going on right now. Right now what we're seeing right now is a little bit of a sell-off here in the market. And obviously everything is coming back down. But what we're seeing yesterday was Tesla actually broke down below the bottom range. We actually had a pivot to the downside. It went down a couple of points or so. But then we started seeing some heavy, really, really heavy dip buying and then not only did they reclaim back the 50-day moving average yesterday, they started reclaiming back the previous day's channel, which was super duper bullish. And today, just like every other day that Tesla has attempted to break out, obviously the market is going lower, so we're kind of fighting upstream. But Tesla right now, as of right now, right now, right now, it's 1.02 in the afternoon Eastern time. As of right now, this is the highest close. If there were clothes like this anywhere in the 250s, this would be the highest close in this entire formation. It finally got above the 246-60s level. It finally just got above the 52-75 level. And it stopped right at the linear regression line at 53-90s. Matter of fact, I actually tweeted this out a little while ago. So this was the major pivot today. This was the major pivot. 240-40 was yesterday's channel. 240-240 was the pre-market highs. So Tesla, if you look at the 60-minute view, if you look at the 60-minute view, so this was yesterday's highs here. 240-40s right over here was 240-240 was the pre-market high. They got rejected. And this thing just absolutely went bananas. Not only did it finally get above the 46-60s, it finally got above the 52-75 level and stopped right at the linear regression line, right there. Now, before you turn around and say, well, you know, technical analysis doesn't work. Yeah, okay, cool. Technical analysis doesn't work for the exception of, right, all those little squiggly lines, right, all these little squiggly lines that we talk about, that we talk about that are very important to us, right? Look at the last tweet here. This is what I put in the pivot feed. Guys, there's a little bit more supply at 253-90s. That's the high of the day, right? That's the high of the day, and that's the linear regression line that's staring you in the face. So if you are brand new at trading and you're trying to figure out what type of trader you are, if you've been watching this video for a while, following us in any type of format, whether it's Twitter, stock tweets, or on this YouTube channel, I will be the first person to tell you, start with technical analysis. Everything else is irrelevant. Opinions, polls, giveaways, alerts, all that nonsense you see on social media, all the information you need, all the, you know, all the plus and minuses, all the data that you are confirming and trying to capture is all in the same charts that every single professional trader to the first person who ever opened up their account 10 second ago has, we're all on the same level playing field. The only question is, are you going to die full in or spend two, three years trying to figure out of technical analysis is actually a thing, right? All these lines that we've been talking about for years and years and years that people deemed to be silly, well, they're not silly and that's the whole point and that's the difference between somebody guessing or somebody knowing where the next measure potential is and today Tesla was definitely the one and as you can see here for the option flow, right? They're coming guys, some pretty aggressive call buying coming in. We saw earlier, they were coming in for the 255 weeklies, for the 260 weeklies. They started coming in for January 270 weeklies. So there's a lot of call buying coming in as I'm talking right now, you can see here the stock coming in right here for the 257 and a half's that are expiring tomorrow. So ultimately we are still in a great tape. The bulls are getting an absolute incredible, well-deserved rest day and the most important part is guys, take it one day at a time, one trade at a time. Nobody knows what's going to happen tomorrow. Nobody knows what's going to happen the following day. The key is to be prepared on both sides of the market, get away from all distractions, get away from social media, get away from anything that could clog your judgment. The charts are the charts and two things are going to happen. They're either going to confirm or they're not and it's your job to figure out where those supply zones are and make sure you are trading properly. So that's it guys, that's a short little update. Market's still good. Let's see how the market closes. Again, as we see here as we're, as I'm still talking, you can see these 257.50 weekly coal buyers are still coming in for tomorrow's expiration. Click and close. Close anywhere in the 250s folks, anywhere in the 250s and start getting above this 254 channel tomorrow. We could start filling in this whole gap guys. There's no more supply all the way up to this 296 level. Obviously we won't get there in a straight line, but you have a lot of channels here. You have 257.50, 257.60s, which is the October 18th highs and this is why these guys are betting accordingly. Guys, have a great night. God bless. Let's see where this, let's see where Tesla is by the time you guys see this video. I'm going to try to get Kenyon to put this out before the close, but if not, there's nothing I can do. I don't control that stuff. Anyway guys, God bless. Have a great night and I will see you all tomorrow. Take care.


Hi from Egypt. My name is Maim Ezen. I'm 28 years old. I've been working for RM Egypt since 2019 and it's a great honor to serve vulnerable migrants through the UN Migration Agency. My job under Compass is giving me a great opportunity to search for impactful solutions and make sure that the migrants and their families are assisted, protected and empowered to pursue sustainable resolutions of vulnerabilities. Another part of my job is the awareness-raising activities which I enjoy a lot as I always find room for creativity when it comes to planning any of the outreach events to the community members. I think this is the most enjoyable part of my job is being able to make a positive impact in people's lives. Yes, there are challenges, but the satisfaction when you really help someone and get it right, you can't beat it.


Hello, hi, how are you? I am. Well, how are you? How are they? I'm 23. All right What do you got for me? Um, I'm just here. I hear you saying high value man high value woman. What is your What do you consider that to be? Well It's a long definition, but in a nutshell, what do you consider a high value man? Six points primarily There's an income component Roughly a hundred and ten thousand hundred twenty thousand dollars a year ten thousand dollars a month Dallas Houston, Austin Atlanta dollars If you're different in a different region like LA or New York, you have to adjust it You have to make that money for at least five years Approach in three would do it high value man is also Accepted by other high value men is being a part of their group. This is like they recognize this is already a part or has the potential High value man has a network of high value men and others High value man has His entire life is linked in level. It has visibility So it doesn't just go by the title of saying I'm an entrepreneur I mean something like I'm the head of cardiology at Hopkins something that people kind of know at a linked in level And lastly, this is no order of importance except for money money is the hassle start there if it doesn't exist You can't be high value. Lastly, he's useful to others and the group. This is by no means the only criteria But it's the most universal so you think that Having money is one of the number one factors to be in a high value man. Well, you can't be high value at homeless well, I'm not saying homeless, but I mean as a person that grew up with a Father that is considered to be a high value man that makes me make a lot of money that doesn't make him high value Exactly, but I just gave you six criteria only one of which is money and money has to be there. This is non-negotiate But what if they have all of those factors, but make 70,000 annually Why why is that really is that really a heel worth dying on I Mean, how about this I were to make how about this? High value has to have a fit a dollar component and whether you value it or not This six-figure thing has been around since 1983 and it was given to us by women You're 23 Learn a little bit more before you try to come in with your opinions. This has been around listen This has been around since 1983 No romance without finance. You got to have a jail. Be if you want to be with me Don't want no scrubs women have been saying they want it's the three sixes six feet six figures six pack For longer than you have been on the planet and that is listen That is what when you decide that they vowed that's what they seem they value in me They value a man's resource and production, but there are also other things because you can have a lot of money and not be value So to ask the question or what about the $70,000? It's a distinction without a difference I have this question also Mm-hmm, typically I mean that image of a high-value man making six figures was created in a capitalistic society Do you live in the West? What do you live? I live in Atlanta, but I grew up on the West Coast. Well, welcome to the capitalistic world. We're in the capitalistic country Do you personally think that that could change in the future? Not in your lifetime? I mean, okay, well, let me ask you ma'am Did you grow up middle-class upper middle-class upper middle-class would you like to be would you like to have grown up in poverty?  Um Personally, yes See, that's the thing.  We didn't have first-world problems like many people So understand something you have only known life through your father and your family's production You can choose to go out and live somewhere else, but I'm going to ask you a question. What system of government Is better than capitalists? Well, what would you say about Sweden or Norway countries that are more of a socialist country Social there's socialists as far as their politics with their capitalistic as far as their finance Yes, but their emphasis is not on it's rather on people Rather than When I say it works very well it works very well for small Small extremely small places, but show me where you have that with hundreds of millions of people Yeah, you are right No, yeah makes sense So, I mean I get that there's some people High value is something that I didn't just look at the united states. I said Across any time Any continent and I said where are the men who are ranked higher than other men? What were synonyms and these things always came out? Because there's always going to be a ranking structure. What is your definition of a high value woman then? Uh, she's attractive and appealing. She has a comforting character. She's discerning a discipline Liberating and loyal. She's enthusiastic and exuberant So none of that has to do with how much she makes though because your money matters not to us Yeah, I guess No, they doesn't if so If so, then you should be able to show me women who make a lot of money who are below average looking with uh high value men They're not women typically A woman's currency is her beauty her womb her cooperative or submission A man is in his resources his ability to compete and produce Um, Michelle Obama Ruth Bader Ginsburg. These are all extremely. Michelle Obama did not marry a bum She made it as soon as in law school. I mean, but but okay. Michelle Obama Did not marry a guy on the corner. Barack was in columbian harvard, ma'am. I understand that. I'm not I'm not saying um like a bum a homeless man. I'm saying someone that makes 31 000 to 70 000 a year Do you know about Barack Obama and that why my show? Yes, you yes You know exactly and he was the president of the law review and he had political aspirations That's why she got with him because that was a political marriage. Ruth Bader Ginsburg, ma'am Sure. What is your what is my question is this you live in observable reality? It seems like you have an issue with money Because I mean Personally growing up with money. It can ruin people. Well, here's what it can ruin a relationship Here's what you can choose to do You can choose to Say mom and dad. I don't want any inheritance any insurance money.  Yes, but they pay for it No, okay. You can score should okay You can choose to give back anything your parents have given you After 18 years old and you can walk to earth like kung fu You can go through life Like gondi if you choose to because you're an adult you can make those choices But here's one thing I will almost guarantee you None of the people very few of the people who grew up in your neighborhood will follow you They like lights Yeah, I agree with that I just the reason why i'm questioning this is because My first world problem man. That's really what it is. No, it's okay.  That's when we got more money What do you mean your family didn't grow up with money? my dad He made his own money from when as soon as we were all born like he didn't have he was He didn't have anything basically that's why Okay, so man He made his money for his family Because he didn't grow up with it.  Did he make you guys live like he lived prior to the money? No, because in this in this in this capitalist exactly what but why didn't he do that?  Because he is a man that was inundated by a capitalistic society because he wanted you to have better than he did trust spun becky That's funny. It's true Yeah, I get why your father for who he is But he said you know what? I knew what it was like to not have to do this and as a man I don't want to do that to my child so you could sit here and make first world arguments with seemed like nice Lighting you don't seem like you've missed many meals Congratulations, and you've seen got all your teeth your hair is nice You have you don't have to you have not missed any of this stuff. See I think it's interesting that you know Maybe it's a part of we even consider white guilt Enjoy your money Do which or do whatever you're 23. What do you live? um and outside of Atlanta Are you with mom and daddy of your own place? Um, I'm with them because I have a broken foot. I'm sorry. I had a broken ankle But after your foot's not broken are you gonna go to your own place? Yes, grad grad going to grad school Who's paying for that? Myself Good. See and then from that point on here's what you really have to do I I say follow the money After grad school and everything else you get to decide to eject capitalism And live whatever way you want to it's your choice But you have that choice There are people on the other side of Atlanta who don't have that choice. Yeah, I'm very aware There you go. My question my other question that I have we gotta wrap this up because I got more people Just what about these women that you're talking to where you're calling them fives and six like the last woman You were talking to is hold on. I'm calling them. Oh, excuse me. I'm calling them what they are And often when I ask a woman to rank themselves, so don't say I called it. I asked them to rank themselves be accurate Okay, what did I ask that last lady? No, no, no if you're gonna you're gonna do that You asked if she was aggressive No, no, no the last one Which the only one that got a ranking was the woman who was in campus and I asked her to rank herself And then I gave her a ranking. Do you not think that you have a ranking in lady? I wouldn't write why would someone rank themselves? Uh, I asked you do you think you have one? A number? Yes. Uh, yes. Yes a scale of one to ten you have one Um, not personally. No, well, I guarantee you this you have one Because that's how men are we're visual And I don't understand why you ladies think you can just remake men in your image. That's who we are Men are visual and women rank men based on productivity and resources That seems to work out well for you guys If not, why don't we all go back to cave and be hunter-gatherers? If all of this shit doesn't matter It doesn't Right then go wander the world like kung fu and put it in the practice But while you sit up with a broke foot in insurance, I think it's pretty rich With first world problems to say all this doesn't matter when you have options and most people don't I understand that All right. Have a good day.  Well, I'm more than that Who said you weren't but as far as there's a cow in your average Karen and Darren are gonna come after me like a mother, right? Look ladies men rank I guarantee you If Brad Lee a man and Enrique And Keith could come out and tell you the truth And not fear cancel culture or complaint culture If they could come out and say the truth without fear of retribution for Losing their jobs or being kicked off campuses. You would hear men speaking more truth. It's funny thing. I'll say this on this side When I when I lived in Oklahoma The school I went to was an upper middle class school. But we live On the east side, which was the lower income side And I remember living at an upper middle class black neighborhood and upper middle class white neighborhood And I would always be fascinated the conversations I would have over here versus over there These people are arguing up. What did you cook for dinner? Oh, I don't like that Mom take the crust off my toast. I'm like Wow, and then you go back over to the projects and people eating cereal with water People eating the syrup sandwich Even even worse than got real broke.  I remember the first time you went over somebody else's house And they had a refrigerator And they had a separate freezer and something called a pan tree A pantry What's a pantry?    Yes Well, we have Coca Cola. We have Pepsi. We have point juice. We have Sunny D. We have water. We have Perrier What's Perrier? It's sparkling water Oh Did you say sparkling water? I mean sparkling water where I come from is you stick a straw in the in the in the cup and blow That's sparkling water where I come from. No, no, it sparkles. We also have mineral spring water What would you prefer to well, I'll take the sparkling water And it came not in a styrofoam cup Not in a plastic cup It came in It sparkled And when I realized that she served me sparkling water And it wasn't glass. It was actually crystal


Hey, this is Brett and I'm at the Chicago Auto Show 2022 here in Chicago, Illinois and I'm checking out all the new colors and new options for all the different makes and models here at the Chicago Auto Show this year and this is a Subaru Forester. This is a 2022. This color is called Geiser Blue. This one has the 2.5 liter four cylinder engine, puts out 182 horsepower and it also has 176 foot-pounds of torque. Now this one's going to get you 28 miles per gallon on the highway, 25 city for an average of 26 miles per gallon. This is the wilderness trim level on here, so we're going to go around the vehicle. This is Geiser Blue, like I said, it's kind of a new color, it's a flat, it doesn't have any metallic to it, it's just a normal, flat color, but still good looking. As you can see, it does have the rear bumper cover on there, part of the wilderness package, the back of parking sensors, the roof rack has these gold inserts in it and when we get inside you'll see that it's actually got some gold inserts in there as well. The wilderness badge on the side there, it's got some mountains, this one comes with the painted alloy rims, these are 17 inch gloss black rims and as Yokohama G-Lander tires these are 285, 60, R17s. Maybe you're going to look at that tread pattern, kind of an all terrain tread pattern on there. Four wheel disc brakes on here, there's the engine bay, it does have the projector lamp headlamps and the LED fog lamps, there's where your tow hook is, this one also has the anti-glare sticker decal on the hood, it will take a quick look inside, see it does have the built in directional signals, the blind spot monitoring on there, so alright these seats are called Star-Tex, probably a Subaru coin term, you get these Subaru wilderness embossed into the headrest, the gold stitching on the seats, this is a power driver seat, both these front seats are heated, power windows, power locks and power mirrors and it does have the Harman Kardon sound system, no surprise at these auto shows they always deck them out with all the options, stability control, start stop, lane departure, you can have a memory for your rear gate and then to put the rear gate up and down and SRH I'm going to have to do some research on that, hop inside here, so you can see the instrument cluster even has a Subaru wilderness insignia on it, leather wrapped steering wheel, you get the gold stitching on there as well, has adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning and I think this is for your four wheel drive system if you want to make it a little bit sharper or not, cruise controls or information controls right there, Bluetooth and audio controls on the left, this one has the 8 inch screen with the factory navigation system, look at somebody stole these knobs off of there or they took them off so nobody does steal them, dual climate controls, you get the bright pedals down there that's kind of cool, notice you get the gold trim around the shifter and the four wheel drive X mode controls and there are your heated seat buttons and that must be for the backup camera, everything's trimmed in gold in this, it's kind of neat, has the big sunroof which you always seem to get in these foresters that's pretty cool, SOS and information system, there's your lane departure warning to turn that off and forward collision warning, you do get home link buttons up there and I doubt this works right now, no, everything's off in this car, let's take a quick look at the back seats, what's nice is they've got these seats down already so that's pretty cool and you can see they have a fuel, must be for a dog carrier that's pretty cool too, hey shout out to Theo for making some really cool stuff, so seats go up lots of room back here and you have a two USB's back here, 2.1 amp chargers, so it's awesome as well, lots of room pretty comfortably, you can see that those seats kind of recline a little bit, once again guys are blue on this Subaru Forester, so none of the power stuff works and the rear gate wants to be manual, so that's pretty cool, you can put your pets in there and zip it up and they can enjoy the ride, so my guess is that there's a spare tire carrier under there you get the gold down there as well and really a neat ride like the color like the interior, thanks for checking out the video, remember to like, subscribe and share on our channel, in fact in a second you'll see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel in the upper left, a link to more 2022 Chicago auto show videos like this one in the upper right and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right, click those check us out and thanks for checking out the video today


Let us answer a very interesting question in this module. What should we do when a Sharia compliant stock you hold becomes non-compliant? You know, I have bought a stock which was Sharia compliant when I bought it. So I checked at the sectoral screen, I found out that this stock was not in financial services. So any stock on a stock market in America, in UK, if that stock comes from financial services industry, we exclude it. So this stock was not from financial services industry. This stock had debt equity ratio of less than 33%. This stock had cash plus interest bearing securities divided by market cap less than 33%. Receivables divided by market cap was less than 33% and impermissible income was just 1%. So I was happy. I bought this Sharia compliant stock. Three months into my investment, one day I get up, I log into the system and I find that my stock has actually become non-compliant. Because of changes in the market, the market debt equity ratio is now 45% for example. So this company somehow took some decisions. It borrowed a lot of money from the market. And as a result of that, this company became highly leveraged and that had an impact on the debt equity ratio. The company became non-compliant. What should I do? The simple answer is to sell the stock back in the market. So this is number one. You have to get rid of the stock because this stock has become non-compliant. But it's not that simple. The question would be, what are you going to do with the income, with the money you have earned from that stock during that period? And this is something very important to understand. Say, if you bought the stock for $50 and you bought 1000 stocks, you actually had an investment of 50k. And at that time, the stock was Sharia compliant. So three months down the road, the stock has become non-sharia compliant. And its price actually has gone up to $75 and still you are selling 1000 stocks. So you will have 75k, a profit of 25k. We ignore transaction costs, etc. What are you going to do with your profit of 25k? Should you be giving away part of this money, 25k to a charity? Do you have to purify your income at that point in time? Guess. Many of you would say yes. But if you come to a Sharia advisor like me, I can save a lot of money for you. Now, in the case of investing in shares and stocks of listed companies, the requirement is that in case of impermissible income, you should be purifying the dividend only. If during this period, there is no dividend paid by the company and all the 25k gain to you is actually in the form of capital gain hurrah. You do not have to purify your income. This has purely come from the increase in the price of the stock. So, technical advice in matters related with Sharia is very sophisticated. However, if during this time dividend was paid, then you would be actually purifying the dividend income on the basis of the impermissible income at that time. Not because the stock is Sharia compliant or not. That decision you have already taken at that point in time, the stock is Sharia compliant. Dividend purification is with respect to the fourth screen. If 2% of the income of the company was impermissible, you would be giving away 2% of the dividend income when you receive it. So, when a stock becomes non-compliant, you have to get rid of it and if there is any capital gain, Alhamdulillah, this is good for you. Your intention was to buy a Sharia compliant stock. You held it until it remained Sharia compliant, until it became Sharia non-compliant. During that time period, this is Halal for you to hold it and whatever income you have received, this is Halal for you as well. Now, this is important. Now, there are two types of breaches of the Sharia limits. One is advertent breach and the other one is inadvertent breach. In this question and we will come to this question again as well, you bought this stock as a Sharia compliant stock. You did all your due diligence. Due to change in the market conditions, this stock became non-compliant i.e. it breached the limits. This is called as inadvertent breach. If you had bought a stock right from the beginning which was not Sharia compliant but you bought it, that would be considered as an advertent breach. The implications of these two are very different from a Sharia viewpoint and we might refer to these implications in one of the forthcoming modules.


My name is Terry Funk and I am most appreciative and excited that I've been chosen as one of the 2016 recipients of the Robert Ellis Scholarship. As part of student eligibility for this scholarship, one must have completed Info 248, beginning cataloging and classification. As a student on the teacher librarian pathway, this class is one of my core requirements. Last fall I had the opportunity to take Info 248 with Dr. Mary Bowlin, who I believe is particularly good with beginning catalogers. She took my initial spark of interest and inspired me to seek information about the subject matter, producing an enduring flame of knowledge that is still burning brightly today. At the time I didn't want the class to end and the experience will stay with me as I continue my professional journey. Next semester will be my last at the iSchool and as a part-time student I have been going to school during a time of disability. This award will help me with the cost of tuition as I complete my studies. I want to thank Dr. Hirsch, the student, award and scholarship committee and SJSU faculty for selecting me for this honor. And a special thank you to Janice Wachimoto for her generous support in making this scholarship possible.


Hi everybody, it's Mayor Betsy on this Good Friday, one of our holiest of days. Today we don't have an update, we just wanted to have a positive message about Easter. Many of our friends are celebrating Passover also, one of the Jewish holy days. But I know this is going to be a very difficult Easter for many people because they're apart from their families and no better time than spring time in Easter Passover to be with your friends. But for Easter, there's nothing I'd like better to do than hold my new six week old grandson and run around the yard with the other five. But it'll have to wait because this is a year that we are staying home and staying safe and helping keep the ones we love safe. The truth is Easter has never felt more relevant to me than it does this year. Good Friday was the time that Jesus willingly suffered and died for all of us and the story of Easter begins and ends, begins with sacrifice and ends with hope. We know that come Sunday we will celebrate a risen Savior. This year's celebration is going to look a whole lot different from any Easter I can remember or you either I'm sure. As it says in Hebrews, let us hold fast to the hope that we profess for he who promised is faithful. Let's lift our eyes and look to the days ahead because the sun will shine and there is hope and we will cross this COVID bridge together. Happy Easter. Thank you.


Hello, in this part we will focus on counting semaphores in practice. Let's do some practice. In our example we will use the following scenario. There are three tasks, task 1, task 2 and task 3, all of them have the same priority, for example OS Priority Normal. Additionally, there is one counting semaphore with its maxCount value set to 2. Task 1 and task 2 will release the semaphore while task 3 will wait for two tokens. At the beginning there are no three tokens in the semaphore, so task 3 is blocked. Context is switched to task 1, which is releasing one token of the semaphore, then task 2 during its time slot is releasing second token. It causes unblocking of task 3 till next iteration of its function where it will wait again for two tokens of the counting semaphore. In case task 3 would have higher priority than task 1 and task 2, the situation would look a bit different. As after release of a first token there would be a context switch from task 1 to task 3 as a first token has been unblocked and then task 3 will be moved again into blocked state waiting for the next token. After this, either task 1 would continue its job or there would be a context switch to task 2. Please notice that there is no single function to which is waiting for more than one semaphore. We should execute twice the wait function one by one waiting for one token of the semaphore each. Now we will try to check it in practice. We can reuse previous exercise to save some time. With an stm32cubemix or stm32cubedie, please select 3R2S in version CMCOS version 2. With any config parameters, please enable use config semaphores. In within tasks and qstab, please create 3 tasks. Task 1 with start task 1 entry function, task 2 with start task 2 entry function and task 3 with start task 3 function. All of those tasks should have the same priority, for example OSPriorityNormal and the same stack size like 256. We will need an external interrupt in our example. So we need to configure PC13 as GPIO XT13 within pinout configuration. Assuming that our blue button on Nucleo board is connected to PC13 pin. We can specify the label on this pin, but it is not necessary. Then within NVIC configuration, we need to enable XT line 15 to 10 interrupts and select it within column uses 3R2S functions. In this case, we would be able to release semaphore from external interrupt callback. In the next step, we'll create a counting semaphore. Within 3R test configuration, please select timers and semaphores tab and click on add button in counting semaphore section. Set semaphore name to, for example, mycountingsem01 and set its count to 2. Then click on OK button. After this, a new counting semaphore should be visible within counting semaphore list. Now we can generate the code and open main.cfile. Within main.cfile, we can notice how counting semaphore is created within create the semaphore section just after hardware initialization in main function. We need to place some code within all tasks entry functions bodies. Within start task1 function in its infinite loop, please release our counting semaphore using ossemaphore release function, then send one over swo using task action function and at the end, move the task to block state for two seconds using osdelay function. Then similar operations we should do in start task2 function with the only difference that this time we will send two over swo using task underscore action function. Please notice that there is no timeout within semaphore release functions. So in case of semaphore is already released or contains maximum number of tokens, function will not wait but just will return an error code. This is why in more complex examples, it is important to check the return values of those functions. In our simple example, there is no risk that semaphore will be full. This is why we have used simplified version. In task3 function body, we need to put two ossemaphore acquire functions one by one. There is no single function waiting for few instances of the same semaphore. In case you would like to synchronize a task with more than one component, other task or interrupt, it is better to use other techniques like thread flags or event flags. Please have a look at dedicated parts of this session for more details. Coming back to our example. After code modifications of task start task3 function, we can compile the code, start the debug session, open SWV ITM console and start the application. The result should be the following. Task3 synchronized, then task1 release counting semaphore, then task2 release the counting semaphore, again task3 synchronized because there are two tokens within our counting semaphore available, and just after it task3 is again in wait state waiting for two instances of our counting semaphore, so we need to wait till task1 release again the counting semaphore, and task2 will release again the counting semaphore. And it is continuing in the loop like this. Now we can extend our example by releasing the semaphore from the external interrupt callback. For this we need a one external interrupt connected to PC13 pin on a nuclear board where our blue button is connected. With an external interrupt callback HAL GPIO XT callback, which is defined as weak within HAL GPIO module, we need to send an exclamation mark over SWO interface using task underscore action function and release our semaphore. After this please again compile the code, start the debug session, open SWV ITM console and start an application. The final result should be similar to this one on the slide. Let's focus on selected area. What is happening there? Task1 and task2 have released semaphores, then task3 took it two times like requested. In the meantime there were two occurrences of external interrupt, two times fast press of blue button, what gave two times semaphore which is unblocking task3 again. Thank you for watching this video.


Welcome to foreign language language class. So Freifunk is a German compound word and Frei means free and funk does not need funk. It means radio as in radio signal or radio transmission. So to put in more complicated words what we do is free and open wireless community networks. And before I get to the socially more acceptable stuff I'm gonna tell a little bit about like what's slightly special about the technology that we use. So what we do is mesh networking. Just imagine you have a couple of Wi-Fi routers like regular home devices distributed throughout your city that are symbolized by yellow anchors in this figure. Don't ask why yellow anchors it's a hammock thing. And the radio range is symbolized by a McGinty circle. So you would have maybe one router in one part of the town and two routers in another part of the town. And at the bottom of the screen you got three routers and the two can obviously talk to each other because they're in radio range of each other. But the three at the bottom are not. But still the left one can talk to the right one using the middle node. So and then you would find your end devices like smartphones, laptops, Raspberry Pi's whatever you hook up to it connected to your five from routers. Now every device in each of these clouds can talk to every other device within that same cloud. But what we want to do is build a citywide network. So we want it all to be connected into one and you cannot do that right now. So what we do is or what you could do is you could do a long distance radio links and we do that but it's a lot of work. EZR is for most people to hook up at least some of the routers to the internet. So we added gateway service and data centers and they would accept VPN tunnels and those five from routers could now make a tunnel connected to the gateway. And now we have one citywide network. Now every device within that network within the entire city connected to five phone can talk to it every other device. Due to some legal specialty in that we have in Germany and I don't want to get into the details because it probably doesn't apply to most other countries. We route all internet directed traffic through the gateway servers. So for example, you have your phone at the bottom of the screen and you got a service running at the top of the screen. Now the phone wants to talk to the service, wants to access it and the router which hosts the phone could send the traffic through various ways in this figure apparently. So it could take the direct route A through the VPN tunnel to the gateway onto the service but there's other ways as well. It could decide to do two wireless hops and then pass it on route B to another gateway server and then you see there's even more ways afterwards. So for those of you familiar with routing of course it's not uncommon to have more than one possibility but just imagine it looks slightly complicated here with just six routers. Just imagine you have a city with a thousand routers. This would be very complicated. And then participation in Freifunk is 100% voluntarily. So people turn off and on their routers all the time. So your network topology changes constantly and we use mostly Wi-Fi links and they're unreliable. So you don't want to just use any connection. You want to use the best connection and this is really where the mesh protocols come in. So to do this manually in a routing table which you probably could you would constantly have to update it second by second by second is just not reasonable. And this is what a mesh protocol does for you. So as you can tell mesh protocols are complex. They have to deal with that constantly changing topology. They have to deal with unreliable radio wings. You know there's people walking by antennas. People are bags of water essentially absorbing or reflecting microwaves. There's leaves in the trees. There's humidity like rain, fog or whatever. And so your radio links constantly change. All the quality does. And then you probably want to avoid certain things like routing loops. You don't want your packets to run in circles if there are any. You don't want your data to get lost. So mesh protocol has to handle that. And our goal at least is to make it widely affordable. So it has to perform on cheap home routers. And maybe you want to have special services like roaming. So you make a zip call with your mobile phone and you walk through the street from one Frivengrouter to the next and you don't want your connection to drop. So there's not one mesh protocol. There's many probably more than I listed here. So there's a better approach to mobile networking, Batman Advance, Babel, BMX, optimized link stage routing versions one and two. And you might be asking so which one is the best? And the answer is there is no answer to that. Actually a lot of research and a lot of brain cells went into development of these mesh protocols over the past 20 years. And that's not the one mesh protocol which does it all perfectly. And that's why actually why people meet once a year in some city in Europe and let their mesh protocols compete. So if you want to check out pros and cons of each mesh protocol, you could probably check betelmesh.org and see how they perform. What I can tell you is that at Freifunk we mostly use OSR and Batman Advance currently. But that may very well change in the future. So when I do a talk about Freifunk, I usually start out differently because like the regular people, not so tech savvy, they think the internet is their favorite homepage or, I don't know, the search engine or whatever. They don't have a clear picture in the head of what the internet is and how it works. So it's very hard for them to read their minds around the idea of what Freifunk is. I know I don't need to explain the internet in this audience. However, I'd like to point out some design goals. So obviously the internet is a coupling of multiple networks, hopefully redundant, was supposed to be distributed, no single entity controlling it, was supposed to be open and was supposed to be neutral. So the infrastructure is separate from the data which is transported and everything is treated equally. We all know what the state of the internet is, but I think those design goals are still valid. So what we do at Freifunk is open, free, free of charge, neutral and decentralized networks, plural actually, because it's not one network, it's many. Open to us means it's open for anybody to participate. I can take Hamburg as an example because I'm from there, so when you walk through the city, you would see a network SSID, Hamburg.freifunk.net and it's unsecured, so you can just click on it, you connect it, that's it. We don't want your name, we don't want your phone number, your credit card number, password, any kind of credentials, just use it and have fun, enjoy. More interestingly to you might be it's just as easy to participate on the providing side, so you can provide access by setting up a node or many nodes and you can run services within that network. I'll get into services later. So free is as in freedom, so we use mostly free software. We do it free of charge, so nobody earns any money with it. It's obviously then non-commercial and it's actually very good because we don't have that conflict of interest you might have with your commercial telecom on one side and its customers on the other side. Their interests might not always be the same. At Freifunk, hopefully all the decisions that we make are in the best interest of the users because the people operating the network are the people using the network and vice versa, so it's really a network for the people, by the people, anybody can participate on the administrative side as or just as like they can use it. Famous example of that where you have a conflict of interest with commercial telecoms is net neutrality, so of course it's good for every user. Some telecoms want to charge twice and so they are not net neutral. And as I said, it's decentralized network, so it's decentralized in a way. If you remember that picture of the mesh nodes, they are all operated by different people, so it's not one entity controlling it. It's very many people and there's not one Freifunk mesh network, there's very many. So actually we got currently more than 310 communities, mostly throughout Germany, some in Austria. I hope this can change after this talk. And if you want to check out that map live, you can do so at community.freifunk.net. Don't worry that it's HTTP, it's just a little forward to you to an encrypted side, it's just shorter. And it will list like all the attributes of those communities, like which mesh protocols they use, what their homepage is and so on. Once again, since I'm from Hamburg, I take Hamburg as an example. So you would see all those little dots over the map of Hamburg and all those Freifunk nodes. So currently we have more than 1000 nodes active and they are randomly distributed throughout the city because there is no plan behind. They are set up by random people in random places. So they operated basically anywhere in homes and rooftops, church towers and community centers, hex spaces of course, in cafes and venues anywhere. And two or three years ago, we started also to provide access to refugee camps. And I think that's very important to them, much more important than a lot of people think at first thought, you know, because they have friends and families get it throughout the entire world that they want to stay in touch with. They want to know what's going on in the home country that they came from. And they want to know how this country works that they live in now, which is so foreign to them. So in a lot of ways, or translation tools on the internet are very useful for them. So in a lot of ways, access and free access to the internet is much more important to them than it is to us. Can check out this map live. I'm going to explain a little bit to you what it does. So yeah, all these blue, red and green dots are five notes somewhere. And we'd see maybe like these long green lines, the color is the link quality. So you have bad links here, you got good links here. And these actually are long distance radio links. So this one's almost two kilometers long. It's got a transmission quality of 98%. And then since this mesh protocol does everything automatically, for example, these two, they are not it's not like they're antennas pointed at each other, they're just in range of each other. And they see each other, and they make a connection here, which is not very good in this case, but it works. It's also good, for example, to have as a backup. If the internet drops out, they can use the internet connection of the other one and vice versa. Okay, so you can take a look at the map in parallel at map, I'm open net and play with it. So you don't get support for me talking. I talked about a lot about nodes or access points or routers. What we use, we call them nodes, five nodes are basically mostly off the shelf routers. So you would have your regular omnidirectional antenna router, or sometimes we use section antennas, or these dishes that you see at the top for long distance radio links. And quite a lot of devices are supported. And what you would do is the unpack your router, go to the configuration interface and exchange the firmware, which is already on there by the vendor, with the Freifunk firmware. It's currently based on open WT might be lead in the future. We'll see. But the firmware details, like which mesh protocol they use, what services are pre installed on a router and running, that actually varies by community. So every community can do what they think is best for them. talked about services. Obviously, the most renowned and ask for service is internet access. But that's not so you can actually run services within that network that never have to go through the internet. They can but they don't have to. So what I've seen running on Freifunk networks is blocks encrypted video chat file sharing with FTP or C file that's kind of like Dropbox or whatever it's open source implementation. Get servers, new social instances, kind of like Twitter, also open source, sip telephony, mumble, radio streaming, podcasting, people run new servers or webcams or whatever, you know, and some people really do cool art installations with that always give like one example, because I think it's very funny. So somebody connected Raspberry Pi to his router and made it possible for anybody to upload videos to that Raspberry Pi, and the videos would be projected across the street from his house on the wall. So can think of anything that could go wrong with it. So Freifunk basically is what you make it. You know, if you have any idea, just do it.  And I think that's kind of like really the hacker spirit behind it, you get something some infrastructure, somebody else built and you can build on it, you can participate in you can play with it, whatever. And that what makes it so much fun really. So people ask us a lot. So who are you? Who are these Freifunkers? Why do you do it for free?  And Freifunk is not one person or one set of persons is actually very many different factions that all think this is a good thing. So a lot of clubs support us, for example, especially like, if we want to sign a contract to get on a roof or whatever, then we need a legal person. So clubs like the CCC and others sign contracts for us. There's data senders giving us traffic, rec space, electricity, internet exchanges led us here. So we are AS4909 in Hamburg. And we would love to be here with you if you're within the same internet exchange, let us know. Sometimes municipalities or some cities say, hey, you can use our buildings or give us money or both or whatever. And basically, it's it's the average person of the street. So it's you and me and everybody and anyone can participate and it's all done by volunteers. Once again, nobody makes any money with it. And it's supposed to stay that way. That also means any type of skill is welcome. You know, you don't have to be a techie to participate. You can just, you know, if you want to do graphics or whatever, just do it. We're done security. So I said it's it's an open Wi-Fi, there's no password, which also means it's unencrypted. Apparently, you can also do encrypted open networks like they do here at camp. But we would have to type in some random credentials, at least, which would scare off most people. And we think this is the easiest way to do. Sometimes people say, Oh, how can you do that? It's unencrypted. People could sniff the traffic in the air, which is true. So they could sniff the traffic traffic between the end device and the access point, the range of Wi-Fi is obviously very limited. But the chances are there. On the other end, the chances people sniffing your traffic on the internet, if it's internet direct to traffic is 100%. If you want to be sarcastic about it, it's actually more than 100% because we know there's more than one party sniffing all of everybody's traffic. So the only thing keeping you safe is really enter encryption. That's what we tell people use enter encryption. You'll only save if the data is encrypted between you and the device you're communicating with. And then you don't have to trust us, me, anybody, it should matter which infrastructure you're running on can just use it. Another question that people ask us. So if I connect my free from grotto to my home network to give it internet access so it can set up a VPN tunnel, do I compromise my home network? And the answer is no, they are separated. This is a topic which is very dear to me, a long haul radio links, because I think it's just awesome fun. You get to see nice climb roofs and see beautiful panoramas of the city live in. But as you can tell from the pictures at the bottom, it's a lot more work than just a flesh or other connected to power. And that's it. So sometimes, first of all, you have to get onto the roof, which is more difficult than you would think takes us maybe nine months to negotiate with some building orders. And then maybe there's no electricity on a roof. So you have to set up the electricity, you have to if you're on top of the roof, you have to worry about lightning strike. So you have to really make a proper installation. And if you did all that, you probably want to put more than what one router on there. So you want to put a set of routers pointing in every direction and have more than one link. And you need to do a lot of manual click configuration. So it's a lot of work, but it's definitely worth it. Why do we do that gives you redundancy, the more connected the network is, the more direct links are between the nodes. The more redundancy you have, obviously, if some link drops out or your internet connection drops out, you can still use your radio link and so on. If your mesh protocol is smart. It will also give you a lot distribution. So it will sense some path is congested and take another route. And it gives you independence of the internet and only put like half jokingly here, democracy insurance. Unfortunately, we've seen over the last couple of years, what people do with the internet. So there's no fear traffic, they censor the internet, they turn it off altogether. And this would be a network which is decentral and still works when the internet is turned off. So it's still have a way to communicate. I don't want to let you off on a sad note. So I really want to tell you that it's a lot of fun. And you get to play with hardware that maybe you have at home, but most people don't. You get to go to places that you probably wouldn't go if you look very closely, there's somebody hanging with a drill in his hand off the top of that building installing antennas. And you get to install Wi Fi in the most random places and make people really happy. And my message would be copy what we do, build on it, feed it back to the community, set up your free from community today. Thanks. Time for questions. Right. Cool. Thank you very much, Andre. Yeah, we've got time for a few questions. If only it's got one. I've got one to begin with. So if we want to, if I want to create a thrive on the node in my home, what would I need to do practically speaking? Yeah, starting out is a little bit difficult because you have to set up the entire different infrastructure. So what you would have to do for, for example, you would have to make a decision for which firmware you use. Obviously, you could build your own firmware based on open WT or open or any other open firmware. But that would be very difficult, or you could choose one which is already out there and configure it for your purposes. This is the router side. And then on the backhand side, you would have to send a set up some central infrastructure, at least if you do it the way we do, because some services are unfortunately, still centralized, because we cannot do it any other way. So for example, IPv6, you know, network works without any central components, but for IPv4, we need DHCP running on DHCP servers. So you would have to set up that. Or if you want to use gateways, because in your country, you have to route the traffic through gateways, then you would have to set up those. So starting out is not that easy, but lots of people have done it. So there's more than 300 communities. And I think lots more people could do it. So to start, if you've got a public IP address at home, you can't just flash a router and plug it in. It's a bit more than that. You could. But it would be by itself, you know, it won't be connected to any of it. Yeah, you can add more nodes. And if they're in radio range of each other that it would automatically connect, you could talk within that little network then, and let it grow from there. Cool. And how long has it taken to get from the beginning of Freifunk in Germany to the 300,000 nodes you have now? 34,000, sorry. Okay, not quite as much. So I think Freifunk started out sometime in 2003, I wasn't participating back then. And then it grew rapidly. And then the last change in Germany, and which is almost killed it, until people found other ways to compensate with that. So too difficult to explain. But people have found other arrangements, how they can deal with that. And then it grew back again. So and in the last two or three years, it grew rapidly to the size that we have now. Cool. We got any other questions from anyone here? Oh, yeah, I'll take it around. I'll be upright. Hi. Is it completely legally? Yes. You don't need any licenses to put your... Yeah, we use Wi-Fi, which is publicly accessible. Anybody can use it. Once again, certain frequencies in a five gigahertz band, for example, are limited in use. In Germany, you would go to the Bundesnetzagent 2 and say, hey, I want to use those frequencies, can I? And they might allow you or not. I don't know how it is in England, for example. But actually, most frequencies you can just use, yeah. And do you know if the free net of Fryfunk net in the Netherlands? I don't know of anything. Maybe there's something which is similar. There's, for example, I don't know about the Netherlands, but in Spain, there's Guifi, which is also a community operated network. They also do fiber optic cables and lots of other stuff. Athens has a big network, which is slightly similar to ours. So there are similar communities in other countries, yeah. And there are plans to connect them, the countries and... Not really. We could. It's possible. Because if we are at the same internet exchange point, or through something which we call Intercity VPN, which is also a VPN connecting not routers to gateway servers, but networks to each other. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. Thank you very much. Welcome. We had another question back somewhere. So do you have to ask for permission when you want to install something on top of a building? You have to... Depends. When you live there, you can just do it, I guess. If you want to get on the rooftop, you might have to ask your landlord. Depends on who owns the building. If it's a city building, so you might want to go to the city and ask him if you could use it. Okay. Thanks. So you don't currently have any locations outside of Germany? No locations that call themselves Freifunk. As I said, there are other similar networks, but they might be called differently. And I don't know them all. And how do you pose internet access working for those locations if they're trying to get out on that network, if they're in a different country? Okay. You mean if somebody would set up Freifunk in a different country, like as their own network or... Yeah. So somebody creates their own network over in the UK and they're trying to... Somebody connects their network and they're trying to connect to the internet. Right. They would basically have to set up the same infrastructure that we did. It's basically the question that the host asked in the beginning, what I would have to do to start a network like this. So I would have to create firmware for my routers and I would have to do some backbone infrastructure on the other hand. And you would have to set that up. Obviously, you could just take a router from some other city and connect it through a VPN tunnel. But that's not what we want to do. We don't want to just be a VPN offloader. We want to build a city-nigh-wide radio network. Hopefully, that answers the question. Did you mention that Austria was connected? Yes. They call it Funkfire, but it's very similar. All right. So effectively, they have their own AS number, do they? Effectively? Yeah. So if a Freifunk network was to be done in the UK, you'd probably suggest having its own AS number as well. Absolutely. And we are not one AS in Germany either. So there's many ASs for each community if they have that. But you'd have recipes and firmware that people could customize, for example? Exactly. So everything is open source. You can find it on GitHub and we would love for people to use what we built. So with the connectivity from your current Freifunk nodes, where they hop onto the internet is that generally an exchange point for each city that they each node would have a radio link to, as opposed to everyone's home, current internet connection? It's both. So it depends how you router connects to that gateway server could either be through a VPN tunnel or direct radio link. Okay. Do we have any other questions? No. Oh, yeah, we do. In terms of IP addressing, if I would set up a web server, would it just use its existing public address, or do you use like an internal range for their internal services? Did you want to you want to make it accessible as an internal service? Yeah, we'll say Freifunk. So for IPv4, it depends on the community. And so I can only speak for Hamburg, how we do it for IPv4. We have local RFC 1918 addresses. And so you could not connect to the internet with IPv4, but we have public IPv6 space. So your service would be accessible from the Freifunk network and also in the public internet. Super. Okay. I think that's it for a question. So, Andre, thank you very much indeed for telling us all about Freifunk. Thanks for having me.