Agorism is an increasingly popular form of free market anarchy. Despite being developed at the same time, it is not the same as anarcho-capitalism however, and I'll have to make another video in the future going over the differences. But, depending on who you ask, it is either a more radical or more consistent form of it. I will attempt to explain this as concisely as I can, but if you're totally new to the ideas presented within libertarian anarchy, you might find yourself lost and perhaps need to learn the basics before going forward. Firstly, agorism as a concept was created by Canadian-born activist and man who has an unfortunate resemblance of a stereotypical sexual predator, Samuel Edward Konkin III, which is quite a mouthful and doesn't roll off the tongue, so he's often referred to as S.E.K. III or just Konkin. The name agorism comes from the Greek word agora, which means a market and open meeting place. The market in this sense is the ultimate expression of voluntary action, peaceful exchange, and ultimately anarchy. Konkin wrote a lot in his efforts to flesh out and define his ideas, especially in his books New Libertarian Manifesto and An Agorist Primer. You could read these two pieces of literature and have a full understanding of the topic, but there are other fantastic examples such as agorist class theory by Wally Conga and chaos theory by Robert Murphy, the latter one I particularly love. Onto the nuts and bolts then. Agorism, like many other forms of anarchy, defines all moral action as that which is undertaken consensually and through voluntary means. What sets it apart here though is that it is the most anti-political that this can possibly go. According to Konkin, an agorist must never even vote, as participating in government in any way is contradictory to these aims. It says the initiation of violence or aggression is the method of the state, and to overthrow the state you cannot use the method which keeps it alive in the first place. Only peaceful revolution is desired, not by destroying the state, but by starving it of the taxes which it survives on as much as possible. So tax evasion is totally encouraged and the process of doing so is called counter economics. This concept is the main bulk of agorism and indeed its most famous part. But to go any further into counter economics we need to outline the agorist classifications of markets. The categories are as follow, white markets, the exchange of goods and services which is deemed explicitly legal by the state and which is regulated and taxed. For example, this is most economic activity, all the way from a car dealership to a supermarket, a hair salon and everything in between. Gray markets, goods and services which are legal or not specifically illegal but are exchanged outside of the state's supervision and therefore not taxable. Examples of these are local farmers markets, flea sales or under the counter purchases. Black markets, exchange of goods and services which are deemed illegal by the state but are voluntarily exchanged in any way. For example, in most western countries drugs and prostitution are illegal but are still largely engaged in. And lastly, red markets. Economic activity which is outlawed by the state and initiates violence or coercion and is therefore inherently moral. For example, human trafficking, assassination, extortion and so on. It can be aptly said that red markets are everything the state does daily which it would severely punish you for doing at all. So the activity within counter economics is entirely focused around the gray and black markets as their exchanges are all voluntary and the state takes no part in it nor does it receive any tax revenue from them. For this reason it is defined as counter establishment economics and the practice of all peaceful interaction which is forbidden by the state. All the various kinds of self-sufficient activity are inherently gray market for the reasons previously given like growing your own food, collecting your own rainwater, using solar panels and a battery bank to power your home, even homeschooling children. They are perfect examples which most people can do to remove the influence of the state from their lives and should really be encouraged anyway because they're just really good things to do if at least just because they could save you quite a good bit of money. Bitcoin and cryptocurrency are of special importance to agorism because whereas the dollar, pound, euro etc are issued and controlled by the state using any kind of decentralized form of currency to even buy your toothpaste is technically gray market to an extent or at least more so than using fiat currency. To this end it stands to reason that all explicitly gray market activity should use cryptocurrency or some sort of decentralized money as then there is literally no trace of the state encountered at any point. Almost all power that the state wields comes from their own monopoly on money and bitcoin is such a serious threat to that power I'll have to go into quite a long separate video about it. Nonetheless bitcoin itself could be called the agorist primer and has exploded the use of the dark web as a hub of gray and black market exchange yet has also so far remained in the white market and almost serves as a link between the two. Now the black market is where things can get tricky to deal with as I mentioned drugs and prostitution before will continue to use them as examples. They are largely deemed morally reprehensible by mainstream views but when the libertarian principles of voluntary exchange, non-aggression, consent of adults and such are followed there is nothing immoral about them and certainly not in just the purchasing of but regardless on what you think of these topics they do certainly pose a greater risk to pursue due to the state's enforcement against them. The perfect example here is the sentencing of Ross Ulbricht the man who created the dark web network called Silk Road which was used by many vendors to sell drugs directly to buyers all across the world. Despite only creating the website and not even actively participating in this when the FBI busted the Silk Road Ross was given a double life sentence without parole literally for creating a website there has never been a more egregious punishment for a literally victimless crime in history and I urge you to please at least sign the petition for his release which I will link in the video description and before we move on from black markets it should also be noted that when buying such things in person cash is almost exclusively the medium of exchange because even though it's the state currency which was outlined before even the state can't track its own creation and it is incredibly important to distinguish between black and red markets within these definitions as the two really are not to be confused. In mainstream terminology hiring a hitman is called black market activity but is absolutely not in agorist terms. Such things are totally abhorrent and unacceptable and if somebody is arguing with you about counter economics you must never let them control the narrative by claiming that the two are one and the same. The next great contribution of agorism is the first and I believe possibly only class theory within libertarianism. Now don't shudder because this is absolutely nothing like the Marxist class theory and it is not a distinction by purely economic means or even an attempt to classify the whole of society. The three classes of note here are the entrepreneur good the non-status capitalist neutral and the status capitalist bad. This follows a lot of cues which are found abundantly in classical schools of economic study and understanding which acknowledge that the entrepreneur is the innovator of the economy and therefore society as a whole. They take risks to advance human capability, improve life as we know it, in doing so they reduce poverty and produce more wealth available for all. You'll hardly find any scholar who has considered a reliable authority in the realm of economics disagree with this basis. I know this first hand because when I boil down all of my university study of economics so far they all lead back to the innovations that we continue to reap which entrepreneurs have created in the quest for profit. Konkin described the non-status capitalist as something of an economic drone or automaton, the holders of capital and are not ideologically aware, an economic follower and not a pioneer, the ones who strive only to meet competition rather than push it. These are the majority of normal firms, the kind of companies that exist just for the sake of existing and are void of just about anything special. Now the status capitalists are where we can start to get angry. They are the ones who greatly benefit directly from the machinations of the state and attempt to harness and abuse its power to further their own gains at the expense of everybody else's liberty and certainly everybody else's tax money. The two examples I go to most often are the big banks and the military industrial complex. These two industries pour unfathomable amounts of money into the political system to influence it in their favours which see themselves better off at a great cost to us. The big investment banks and hedge funds have an absolute vested interest in monopolized state currency which can completely control all economic activity within its sphere. The biggest culprit of which is monetary inflation, a pestilence that fills the fiat currencies of the state but which gold and bitcoin are hardly affected by. Constant inflation yields consistent returns on the investments and assets of these banks while this inflation destroys the purchasing power of everybody else. Through this apparatus, the banking sector creates disproportionately high costs of housing, creating bubbles, bursting them through incompetence like they did in 2008, then when the economy crumbles and people start defaulting on their mortgage payments to these very same banks, their cronies in government make sure the banks get billions in bailout money which they then use to acquire more houses afterwards making the bubble even bigger next time. So what you get is more and more people who will have to pay rent for the rest of their lives and never be able to own a home because these banks pay out of their arses to keep this government controlled cycle occurring for their own benefit. Now that was quite a rant but yippee we still have to talk about the military industrial complex. I'll just use one example for this and that is the F-35 fighter jet.  The stupid thing first took flight in 2006 was 13 years ago, the company that produces it Lockheed Martin lobbied politicians in the states to approve the government contract to produce the jet and in return Lockheed Martin creates manufacturing jobs in the states of these given senators so they can then stand on a podium and claim a triumph for creating jobs for their constituents but one and a half trillion dollars and well over a decade later the thing can't even shoot straight and is constantly failing quality checks and basic guidelines and this is not in the slightest bit an exception it's the rule of military contracts the cycle of politicians and defense companies being beneficiaries to each other is perpetual the politicians want the jobs to exist for as long as possible and the manufacturers want to keep the tax money flowing in for as long as possible so there is literally no incentive for either party to actually have the things work properly it's just a total shitshow well that went on for a bit longer than i expected it feels like it was all really off topic but it wasn't it just makes you realize how undeniably true the agorist class theory is when my totally off the cuff description of just two industries within it can be so incredibly evidenced most of these observations have been around for a very long time by the biggest influencers of modern libertarianism like Ludwig von Mises, Kredwig Bastiat and many more but Konkin and agorism undoubtedly deserve credit for structuring what is an incredibly lengthy analysis of state and market interaction into such a concise and yet eloquent package of a class theory so before we conclude i will summarize the smaller aspects within agorism which i believe are both good and bad firstly as i said before it is entirely anti-political which is certainly consistent but the all or nothing approach to anarchy is often criticized as cutting off your nose despite your face as agorists can often make enemies with lots of other libertarians in an attempt to make friends with a small amount of anarcho-communists and fracture its own wider movement on that note back in its early days agorism was also described by Konkin as the movement of the libertarian left as he believed it was more akin to the original leftist anarchist theories of Proudhon's mutualism and the like rather than it was akin to the anarcho-capitalism of Murray Rothbard i for one don't find this to be true and don't equate agorism with any kind of left-wing ideology and can't see evidence of it in its in any of its own given theories however on the plus side agorism does always use the term free market in place of capitalism because as Konkin rightly noticed ever since the term capitalism was invented it was more of a pejorative word intended to describe a state-controlled and oppressive economic system and not just mutual exchange of private property so there you have it agorism anti-state anti-boogaloo pro-markets and pro-drug dealers i hope i've done a good job explaining it but it's a very interesting topic because it's such a niche philosophy yet so expansive i could never make a single video on it and feel satisfied in how much i was able to cover i absolutely encourage you to do your own reading on it which is incredibly easy to find all major works on the topic are available free online and in audiobook form and any of them will do a better justice than i realistically could until next time


So a very good afternoon and welcome along to what is quite a blustery quite a chilly Valley parade As we get ready for this league two game this lead to meeting between Bradford City and Stevenage as All players take a knee once more As Stevenage get it on the way here at Valley Parade He gets the ball into the box and the Stevenage player gets in front of the Bradford City and it's a goal for the away side 37 minutes gone here at Valley Parade Bradford City nil Stevenage one There we are Bradford City 60 minutes gone Bradford City one Stevenage one Onto Billy Clarke inside the area Clarke on the left edge of the area plays across the face of golf Surely a goal! Take the lead City two Stevenage one Goals from Lee Novak completes the comeback Bradford City two Stevenage one


with a speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a hearty high of silver! The Lone Ranger! Before this exciting adventure, a word from our sponsor. General Mills, makers of Cheerios, the ready-to-eat Oats cereal that gives you go-power, and Wheaties, the breakfast of champions, present by special recording, The Lone Ranger! When boys line up to run a race, galloping gardens set for pace, he comes in first because he knows he's got go-power from Cheerios! Yes, he's got go-power! And so will you! Once you're eating Cheerios every breakfast, you'll say that Cheerios taste simply wonderful too.  Pour out a big bowlful, add fresh milk and pitch in. You can almost feel the go-power. For a Cheerios breakfast is one of the finest ways you can get the vitamins, proteins, and minerals your body needs. A bowl of Cheerios and milk really starts your day right. Helps give you the good red blood, strong bones, and muscles. Go-power! You'll get it from Cheerios! Try it, and folks will say... He's feeling his Cheerios! With his faithful Indian companion title, the daring and resourceful Masked Rider of the Plains led the fight for law and order in the early Western United States. Nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the Great Horse Silver, the lone ranger rides again!  Let's go before... I am still there! The first half of the 19th century saw the beginning of expansion into the West. Nature, Indians, and wild beasts had been conquered, but there remained abandoned gangs and outlaws, men who lived by the gun and preyed on fellow men, men like East Lassivir, who led one of the strongest gangs, down on a long train of freighting news. The freight train out of St. Joe was heavily loaded with mining machinery and equipment. A cargo would have meant much in the development of a community, but Lassivir's gang planned otherwise. A week and a half since the engine plunged into the bottom of the canyon, and all the heavy cars went after. Lassivir's gang was waiting at the bottom of the canyon. Move in, boys! You know what to do if you find any survivors! It was heavily loaded with lumber and building materials to be sent overland from the Missouri city, but it never reached its destination. Lassivir's gang struck when the riverboat touched Harper's Landing.  Ellie, you can't stand, you can't travel! There's no room in my den for triples. Lassivir, you... Well, Fars has just dropped out of our gang. But Fars, you didn't give Alex dance. I'd put a mercy bullet into the head of a horse with a broken leg. Why shouldn't I do the same for Alex? After the attack, the charred remains of the steamboat and its cargo drifted downstream together with an assortment of wreckage. The low-ranger and toddler were on the riverbank, watching the grim procession. Another attack, Tutto. Must be plenty big gang. Tutto during the past few months, there have been a number of raids on railroad, wagon trains and freighters. That's right. Every case the attackers were more interested in destruction than in fever. They take guns and ammunition. A few things crooks can use, but they concentrate on the destruction of materials for expansion of buildings, business and industry. I think...Tutto, look. Ah, man, look downstream. Face down in the water. Intent. The current is bringing the body close to shore. I think I can reach it. I'll wait out a couple of yards here. Give me your hand. I have it. That road makes me very heavy. In shock and sight ahead. Another bullet broke his leg. Let's see if it's anyone we... Tutto. I know who this man is. His name was Al Kurtz. Me hear that name. Him bad man. His pictures on hand-builds all over the country. Maybe him and gang that raid steamboat. That's true. I can name the leader of that gang. Lasseter. That's right. Lasseter. Kurtz never made a move that wasn't ordered by his boss. Get a blanket, Tutto. Ah. And what do we do? We'll wrap this body and leave it here, while you go into town and report to the sheriff. Why are you going? Tutto, I want to know more about Ace Lasseter. And there's just one way to get the information. Before I act, I want to see our friend, the Padre. I'm going to start at once for his mission. Me join you there? Yes. When Tutto went into the sheriff's office, he saw a hand-bill on the wall. He pointed to this and said, That fella. Him one we find in river. Well, Kurtz, eh? That's right. Well, this calls for special handling. We've had orders from Washington, D.C. as to what we should do with any leads on the gang that hit the riverboat. Wait here, engine. I've got to get to the telegraph office. Here, chief. A telegram from a small town on the Missouri River. The sheriff's message was delivered to the head of a special bureau appointed by the president to aid in the expansion of the West. Well, Kurtz, eh? So he's dead. Yes. I've been waiting for something like this. Glad you'd speak to Martin and ask him to come to my office immediately. Yes. In the meantime, the lone ranger had reached a little mission and joined his friend, the Padre. My son, never before have I seen you wear an expression of such great concern. Never before a Padre have I faced a situation like this. You have heard of Ace Lasseter. And who has not? You have heard of the many recent attacks from wagon trains, railroad steamships. Great prejudice. As Lasseter's been. I've heard of the many recent attacks from wagon trains, railroad steamships. Great prejudice. Yes, Lasseter's behind them. Indeed. You have the power of an organization, Padre. Even the men with him are fighting change. They're opposed to progress. But why are they doing that? Their own greedy selfish interests are best served. The West remains unchanged. They know that if this country develops and becomes more civilized, there'll be more law and order. Now, they don't want that. They want things to remain just as they are. With small towns isolated, an easy prey for outlaw armies. They don't want each town to expand and to be connected by good roads. Railroads and telegraph lines for every other town. That's why they're opposed to progress. That's why they're destroying everything that might develop this country. My son, you may be right. I think you are. But what can be done? I'm going to join Ace Lasseter's gang and try to work against him from the inside. That is great danger. That's why I came to you. This mission may be my last. If I'm unmasked and my body is found, as an outlaw member of Lasseter's gang, you will know what to do. Your grave shall be alongside that of your brother and the brave Texas Rangers who died with him. Thanks, Padre. Now, let us pray that your courage may remain steadfast, no matter what may come. It was one hour later when the masked man, followed by the Padre, came from a mission and stood beside his great horse, Silver. Refreshed both physically and spiritually, his eyes held a light of courage as he tightened the sink. Oh, one last request, Padre. Yes, my son. Father will come here, keeping with you until you hear from me or about me. This is a job I'm attending alone. I understand. I shall pray for your safe return but if this is not to be... It will be up to Tato to take care of Dan Reed. Ready, Silver? Ready to be floated. Also, love each the Padre. One, two, three! Oh, the girded knight's road forced to battle. We'll continue our lone ranger adventure in just a moment. All over the country in every direction How you, how you do it in the past, and here on the haphazard happy people have to say Oh, we did that. We do, do, do. And okay, okay, okay. Sure enough. Take Midwestern champions, for instance. When Bobby Feller takes the mound, the outfield boys sit on the ground. That Wheaties pitching leaves them there watching batters fan the air. And when we name our Wheaties crew, Big Ted Klususki's in there too. He'll face those hurlers day or night and knock them down. He'll come back one night and knock their fastballs out of sight. Bob Feller and Ted Klususki both know that Wheaties' magic. There's a whole kernel of wheat in every Wheaties' flake. Wheaties, breakfast of champions. Keep body to your Wheaties and you will do, do, do. And okay, okay. Now to continue. When the undercover man, William West, he brought carefully prepared hand-bills and circulars that would establish him as a notorious outlaw. Aided by good luck, he found Ace Lasseter's gang with him a short time and became accepted as a probationary member. The Lundranger was less than a mile away at the bottom of the canyon that bordered Lasseter's camp. A disguise had been applied to his face. He was about to change into other clothing when a sharp voice spoke from behind a nearby rock.  How are you? You can call him back. I'm Rhino. There's a couple other boys coming you from the ledge up above. You are members of Ace Lasseter's outfit. You're just the man I want to see. Yeah? Yeah. I heard Lasseter was taking in new members. That's the case. Wait a minute, mister. What are you doing here? Looks like he was fixing to change clothes, eh, Rhino? What's this, a mask? Well, of course. Now, if you'll give it to me, I'll put it in my saddlebag with it. No, mister, don't make any more moves. Just keep your hands at shoulder level. Pick up his gun belt back. All right. These are downright handsome guns. Oh, it's a matter. Rhino, these cartridges are silver. Silver? You were fixing to join our gang, eh? What about it? I've heard of a gentleman who uses silver bullets and he wears a mask like that when you're laying on the ground and he rides a white horse. Yeah, he's uncovered, Rhino. I'll get his horse. Here you go. Come here. Go on, silver. Come on. Come back here.  Go on, silver. Go on.  The long ranger slumped to the ground when Bat struck him cruelly with a barrel of his six-gun. When he recovered consciousness, silver was nowhere to be seen. But Bat and Rhino and several other men waited in grim silence. As soon as you can stand, we'll take you to the boss who has to stay. The long ranger felt reasonably sure that he had completed the disguise on his face before the capture by Lasseter's men. But now it didn't seem to matter. He knew when he faced Ace Lasseter that his life was measured in minutes. So this is the long ranger, eh? No doubt about it, boss. He laid his side to his mask and he was about to change into other clothes. There they are. They brought him along. And here's his gun belt with the silver bullets. What about his horse? No way. So you're the long ranger, eh? I've heard a lot about you. Haven't you, Martin? Yes, I have. A man no one ever saw without his mask. Take a good look, Lasseter. I am. I suppose you know what's coming to you. I'll have the satisfaction of knowing that I died for a worthwhile cause. Martin, I've changed my mind about your test. Instead of waiting, you can take the test right now. Kill the long ranger. Now? Why not? Give me his gun belt. You heard me, let's have it. Be sort of fitting to let the long ranger be killed with one of his own silver bullets. Yeah. I like that touch. All right, keep your hands up, mister. Walk ahead of me over to the edge of the cliff. I'll let you have it so your body will fall into the water down below. Save us the trouble of digging a grave. Is that all right with you, Lasseter? That's all right. Get going. We'll be watching you from here. All right, start walking. It was about 100 yards to the edge of the 20-foot drop. During the walk, the long ranger moved two paces ahead of Martin and held his hands at shoulder level while he thought of many things. He wondered about his great horse, Silver, that he had last seen at the place of his capture less than a mile away. And he wondered about the man who had been delegated to shoot him. Martin, Martin, what are you saying? But I remember you, Markman. You're no outlaw who says I'm not. Two years ago, you were a federal agent. I hope you're still one. Are you working undercover here to get this gang? How do you know me? We used to be good friends. I doubt that. I don't forget a face. You haven't seen my face. What? I disguised it before I was captured. Now, you want me to take another step over the edge of the canyon? Or wait here until you shoot. It's only a 20-foot drop. The water's deep. You'll break your flaw. You'll kill me. Can you smash Lassiter's gang? I hope to. Plenty to attack the Cheyenne warehouse in Saturday. I'm going to try to slip away from on Friday night and get the soldiers in Fort Laramie. You've got to succeed, Martin. I'd like to know who you are. Something familiar about your eyes. Shape your chin. This guy doesn't hide that. I was with you when you were wounded by the Cavendish gang in Texas. Wait. Wait a minute. No, no, it can't be. I'm a stranger by the name of Reed, the younger brother of the captain. Martin, you're the only man accepting Tonto who knows my identity. Just one thing, Martin, before you shoot. I have a nephew, my brother's son. His name is Dan. Yes. Help Tonto prepare that boy for the future. His generation must carry on after our work is done. The next thing you do... Martin, talk fast in low voices. Meanwhile, Lassiter and his gang watching the two men a hundred yards away were becoming impatient. Hey, Martin, we've waited long enough. Let that critter have it or we'll do the shooting for you. That you and Ryan will get your rifles ready. Right, Roy. Martin doesn't shoot in five seconds, you two open fire. And shoot Martin as well as the lone ranger. Martin's going to shoot. That's it. Blast of the lone ranger right over the ledge. For a minute, I thought he was bagging out. He's looking down into the ravine. Make sure of him, Martin. Firing three more shots after the man who had disappeared over the edge of the ravine, Martin crossed the guns and gun-belt into the canyon, then turned on his heel and rejoined Lassiter. Plans went ahead for the attack on the warehouse at Cheyenne. Ace Lassiter sent out his scouts who brought back reports that pleased the leader. On Friday night, firearms were inspected and final orders given. You, Martin, well, stay with me. Rhino back. Yeah, boss. Stay close, keep an eye on Martin. What's the idea? I'm taking no chances, that's all, Martin. You might get the idea that you could get a nice reward and a pardon for your past crimes by sneaking off to tell about our plan. You think I'd double-cross you like that? I'll be more sure of you when I see how you act on your first big job with it. Till then, we're watching you. Martin didn't sleep that night. He lay awake, waiting, watching and hoping for a chance to get away as he had planned and tell the soldiers at Fort Laramie about Ace Lassiter's army of destruction. But his hopes were futile. Bath and Rhino took turns sleeping. One was always awake and watching with a gun held ready. Early morning, found the outlaws on the moon. Martin was forced to ride at Ace's hide with Bath and Rhino right behind. There's a warehouse straight ahead. Watch and see. That's what I'm having, Martin. I mean, shoot him.  You're missed! He's no fire on us. I'll get him. Wasn't I the way you've been acting? You could have hit that one. You'd better play straight on this job and become some of the townsman. Put him on the double! The outlaws put their horses and dash to the warehouse. They reigned in fast. Each man watched over the site. Some opened fire on the approaching townsman. Others smashed lock from the warehouse doors and prepared to go inside to start the fire. Bath and Rhino stayed close to Martin and Ace last for their... Use that gun, Martin. I've been watching it. Oh, soldier! And that's the man in the lead. And White Hawk. What? It's a low leaf! You bet it is. These bringing troops to get you. You didn't kill him. Why, you double-clothed? The army's spreading out at a surrounder. We gotta clear out. I got one thing to do. Oh! That's for you, Martin. For a double-clothed one. We gotta ride hard. We're being circled.  The outlaws had no chance to escape. Before they could modern-wide, the soldiers had swept around in a tight circle to surround Ace last-for-their-grand. Many of the outlaws fell. The rest threw down their guns and held their hands high and surrendered. The long wings were quickly spotted, Martin, and rushed to the side of the dying secret agent. Hold it, hold it, hold it! Martin! I'm glad you made it. Let's see that room. No, no, no use. I'm going. My job was done when I passed the word of the attack to you and let you get away. I owe my life to you, Martin, but that doesn't mean much. It's what you did for the nation that counts. I just shot you right, hoping you'd fall into the deep water where you'd have a chance to live. I didn't think you could reach the soldiers in time. I found Silver. I went downstream to the place where I'd been captured. Silver was waiting there. But you, Martin, your wounds left me... No, you can't help me. I'm done for. You carry on. I'd train someone to carry on in your place in the 20th century. Dan Reid will meet the 20th century as a man. His generation will be heard from. Great things lie ahead for this nation in the future. Great tests of strength and courage. America will meet those tests, Martin, as long as there are men like you. No, no. Men like you, Reid. Crusaders. Men with courage to fight all odds. Men who won't let selfish interests and greed stand in the way of conquest. Your kind will help me, Martin. We'll see this country to the threshold of the 20th century. Then a new kind of fighting man will carry the load. We'll see the West made safer industry. Boys of today will be the men of the next century. There are leaders among them. Pioneers will build great cities, mills and factories in the West. Men who will make America a nation that will set the pace for a new world. I see them, Reid. I see them marching to the future. Marching over broad highways where the first trails were blazed by. Long Ranger, a copyrighted feature of the Long Ranger Incorporated, is produced by Trenville Campbell Muir Incorporated. The part of the Long Ranger is played by Brace Beemer, your announcer, Fred Boy. Listen to the Long Ranger brought to you by Special Recording Mondays through Fridays at this same time.


Let's do this pony. What's your bet for tonight's big game? Well, I'm going to take the 49ers to sack Patrick Mahomes at least three times. The defensive line for the Niners can't suck. If it does, Mahomes will have his way. So I'm going to go over. I'm going to go just to the side. I'm going to keep it really simple right here. The Chiefs are winning this game. I am 100% confident in that. Take them on the money line. Well, because I think this game is going to go over by 30 points, clearly the over is going to be my play with a little bit of a hedge to heads in the coin toss. San Francisco has two elite, elite cornerbacks. But that third one is a big question mark, which means perhaps the third target will go off. And here it's McColl Hardman for the Kansas City Chiefs. I love him over one and a half receptions. And also, as an anytime touchdown score at plus 330, also has some value.


This time I'm going to be working with an array of integers. So I've declared an array of 10 integers, which I've got down here. And this is what we're going to be working with. So I've got two different ways I could allocate this array. I can either use a system call, in which case I stick 9 into v0. I stick the size of the array into a0 because my array is composed of integers, each of which are 4 by its large, and I have 10 of those. 4 times 10 gives me 40, so I put in 40. Then I have the system call, and I can copy the pointer into s0 so that I have my base address available. But I could have done this just by manipulating the global pointer. So I could have just copied the global pointer into s0 and then incremented the global pointer by 40. And 40 is the size of my array, so incrementing it by 40 allocates 40 bytes of space for me. If I just want to access a specific element in my array, say x0 or x3 or 8, then that's really easy to do. I could just look down at my data structure as I've written it and say, x0 is at s0 plus 0 or x3 is at s0 plus 12 or x8 is at s0 plus 32. That will work. But I can also realize that I'm getting numbers that are in multiples of 4. So 0 times 4 gives me 0 and 4 times 3 gives me 12. 8 times 4 is 32. So I could just take my index and multiply it by 4 and that would tell me what that constant offset is. Turns out we get that 4 because that's the size of our integers. This is an array of integers. Each of those integers are 4 bytes large, so we go down 4 bytes to get to the next element in our array each time. This will be really useful when we actually just want to walk down this array performing some operation on each element, for example. The way we normally write loops in high-level languages involves using indices. Have this index say 5 or 6 or 7 that tells us which element in the array it is but doesn't really tell us much about where in the array it is. But we can convert those indices into the address offsets and that's what we'll use in this case to loop over all of the elements. So to do this, I'd start by putting my loop index, say i, into perhaps t0 and the total number of elements into t1. Then I can run this loop until t0 actually gets to be the number of elements. So once i has been incremented to 10, then I know that I would be trying to access something off the end of my array and I should just quit my loop. Now to access one of those elements, first thing I need to do is multiply that index i by 4. Again, each of the elements in my array are 4 bytes in size, so I need to scale my index by 4 by the size of that element. In this case, I'm using a shift left logical operation to do that. That will work because I want to multiply by 4. It would also work if I wanted to multiply by 2. I could just shift by 1 instead. If the size of my data was not an exponent of 2, then I'd need to do something more normal. But the shift left logical instruction will work for this case. Then because my load word instruction takes this form, where I've got a base address and a constant offset, I really need to get both that base address and the offset into one register. I can't put the offset in as the constant in this case. So I add the base address from S0 to the offset that I calculated and put in T2, and then I'm just storing that into T2 as a reasonable place to keep it. Then I can go actually access that data. I can load the value from T2 where T2 contains the value of S0 plus my offset. In this case, I'm sticking my result into T3, and I could do something useful with it at that point. But in this case, I'm interested in just showing how the loop works. So I'm just going to increment my index by 1 and then go back through my loop again. So in this way, I would be able to walk down each element of this array and load all the data out. I could then do something more interesting with it, even if it's just printing it out. But this is enough to allow me to walk down and get all of the data out of this array. I could also do this by working with these as addresses. And you'll notice this code is slightly shorter. This is because I'm not going to have to do all of that scaling by my data size. I can just walk down in blocks of 4 instead. So I'm going to start by using my base address as the counter. So I'm putting S0 into T0. And then I'm going to put S0 plus 40 in ST1. Once my counter has reached S0 plus 40, I know it's gotten to the end of the array. I don't want to process anything out here. So that will be my termination condition for the loop. Once T0 equals T1, then we're going to end our loop. Now, since the value in T0 is an address, I can actually just go load that data directly. At the moment, it's telling me where the first element in the array is, so it would pull out X0. In this case, it would stick it in T2, and then I could do something more interesting with it. To get to the next element, I'm just going to increment my address by 4.  So the second time through the loop, T0 would still be less than T1 over here. And it would pull out the value of X1. Then it would increment the address again. We'd get X2, X3, and so on. So this code ends up being shorter, but it's not the way that we're used to working with arrays. Transits are you've had a whole lot more practice working with indices than with addresses. So this may feel rather unusual at first, but it's doing the exact same thing. You've just gotten rid of the abstraction of having an index for your array.


OTAN, Outreach and Technical Assistance Network. I'm Barry Backeen. This is video discussion prompts and other fun and easy activities for ESL classes. Let me see if I can get the chat up. If you, by any chance, are not an ESL teacher, go ahead and put that in the chat so I know what's happening by the title, I'm presuming that most of you are ESL instructors or ESL adjacent. So I am what's called in our division instructional technology teacher advisor, which is an out of classroom position, helping teachers and students implement and integrate technology in their instruction. I've been doing this now for about five years. About 30 years prior, I started out as an ESL teacher. So many of my projects that I introduced to people over the years are based in actual classroom use and projects and activities that I did. But for full disclosure, I don't get a chance to practice them as much nowadays with students. But I still think they're fairly valid. And I am also a OTAN subject matter expert, which means that I get to represent OTAN at trainings like these online and also in person as the need arises. And I hope that, you know, as we move forward into the next school year, we'll have more opportunities to do in person training as well as hybrid training. So, okay, let's see in the chat over here. We have Michael says, teach ABE, ASC at Elgin Community College. But many of his students are English language learners as well. So I hope that maybe you'll pick up a few ideas that are applicable for your students. Thanks for sharing that. So my goal is by 530 today. You will be able to implement several projects or activities, including video based discussion prompts with little or no preparation. And if you stick around to the end, in fact, I've prepared three really fun videos that can be used with your students. And I have loaded them up into the cloud in an open folder and I'll be sharing with you a document with all those links. So when we get to that section, don't worry, you'll be able to actually get those videos. That's why I'm saying with little or no preparation. You will need a little bit of preparation there to copy the video clips into your own devices. So anyway, let's get started. I'm still a big Kahoot fan. How about you guys? Is there anybody who has never used Kahoot? You can answer in the chat or, oh, okay. Well, there we go. So we have one I don't and one love Kahoot and somebody who's a fan of the beard. The beard is much wider and a lot shorter now, yes. Okay. Well, in any case, I'm still a big fan of using Kahoot. And this is like the first fun activity that we do that I used to do in my classes. And I would just do a Kahoot to get the students to know the names of the other students. There we go. I've got one of these little automatic lights in my office if I am too immobile for a long enough period of time the light goes out. So that may happen again. Okay, so basically the main idea of Kahoot of course is, you know, you see a prompt and then you have some choices. It works in hybrid as well as in only online and only in person settings. And the students and answering on their phone will see the four choices and selected and then it's a competition. But what I would do is I would make the Kahoot I in the first few days of class. I would start by taking photos, headshots of every every student registered in the class, and just pretty much stand them all up in a line up against the whiteboard so it's a pretty neutral background and just take a headshot. From that headshot or collection of headshots. I would produce the Kahoot, and it's really really helpful not just for you to learn names but for the students themselves to learn the names of the their colleagues their classmates. And the other nice thing about it that I found over the years is if you save these photos in logically named folders by semester or by year. They come in really handy when you see that student again sometime in the future and you know that person was your student. But you just can't remember the name. And so sometimes it's nice to have this little archive of student photos. And the other benefit of course is that it's a sort of a non threatening way to introduce your students to Kahoot. And so that they if they haven't had a class where they use Kahoot. Then this is the way you can introduce them in a non threatening way is you know their grades don't depend on this or anything. But it's just a lot of fun so I would, I would recommend if you if you're not a Kahoot user to explore it. And of course there's so many more things now that can be done since we first started talking about Kahoot four or five years ago. Okay, so the great project for everybody. Not just ESL of course is food projects. I don't know how many of you watch tiktoks or Instagrams or Twitter postings of people and food. I think it's a very popular activity there's a new fellow that I've been watching he's like a chef. And what he does is he creates. He creates his own responses to people presenting food objects and then he rates their, you know their process and the product and at the end he says, whether or not he'd eat it. And he's got a great sense of humor. And of course he's very knowledgeable so it's just been real enjoyable watching him. But in any case, how about a show of hands, or, you know, in the chat, how many of you enjoy hosting pictures when you're at a restaurant or when you're eating of different food that you that you like that you are eating. Anybody guilty. Okay, Gloria Garcia does it. All right. And I wager if you know, if you're doing it, your students are also doing it it's very, it seems to be very, very popular. So, what can we do with that in terms of an activity, other than just posting the pictures. Well, first thing is add level appropriate writing tasks. This particular one was in one of our parenting classes. It's actually the format here is our learning management system. But you can see that the teacher has set out the steps for the project planning a special dinner with a given budget.  And then there's suggested that, you know, using the internet finding a flyer or a weekly ad or a search. So, you know, the example given is a safe way weekly ads. And then, you know, the person has to write about that particular meal. So this is a, this is a real example. One student talking about the special dinner that he's going to prepare for his wife, and where he's going to get the ingredients and how much it's going to be a really nice little project. Okay.  Again, really unlimited and really, really fun and popular for students. Once you've introduced some real basic PowerPoint or Google slides. Steps, you know, really, you don't need much more than inserting how to insert a picture, how to insert text, and how to give the slideshow. You can convert the whatever the project idea that you're working on into a presentation on PowerPoint or in Google. And this one was most likely an EL civics type activity about safety, but you know, good information to have. And, you know, student created projects. You have a couple of options with this you can have everybody work on the same topic, or you can divide up topics or let students choose topics so again basic PowerPoint is not that complicated. I found even that lower level students are familiar with some of these basic steps of, you know, how to insert a text box with some words and house how to insert an image. So, we do use a learning management system the one that we use in our district is a schoology but this is applicable to all levels. But in this case, you know, the, the idea was for or the project was in an IT class in a parenting class to take pictures of the children's school spaces. During the time of COVID especially when everybody was working from home, but the same topic would apply in any situation as well. Even now do you know do parents have a nice space in the house for students to feel that this is where they do their work. But then notice the interaction that happens between the teacher. Once the students have posted the pictures, then what happens is the teacher can interact by starting the discussions. Another similar project. This one. We're about how they, you know, organize the supplies at home. And again, you know, making use of students phones as cameras as source material for writing and discussion. And again, you know, you can adapt these ideas to virtually any level and topic. This was actually one of our, you know, the IT courses that was pre cosmology in this particular project, you know, in the past, maybe they would be doing some of these things in the classroom. So the, you know, the work area, the client preparation set up of supplies. You know, all that used to be done only in the classroom. And so the teacher would walk around obviously and check the setup of supplies and things and see that everything was ready to go. You know, when, when we were in 100% online instruction, this. They could still do the project, but there were more photos involved. So you can sort of see there. The different projects in sequence that the students had to do. And then the next thing would be, you know, the students are creating these series of photos. And then the teacher would of course be be looking through those. But in terms of ESL this idea of a sequence of photos is really really a fun project that you can do with the whole class. Let me just check here. And I started to call them scrambled PowerPoint puzzles. So let me open up one that I've got prepared. Let me find it first. And can everybody see that. Yes, my, my still sharing that. Or did I unshare it was, I see somebody Anna said yes but that was yes to the question. Are you, am I still sharing it. We see the coffee. Okay, so this is actually one that I made but I'm going to, I want to use it because it's basic enough, and it really demonstrates how it works. Okay, so this is just a basic presentation. What I've done is on the left side. Okay, our slides to the steps of making coffee. And what I did do was I put, I labeled it with letters. You don't necessarily have to do that. For this particular, you could leave it without it, and then students have to describe what they're looking at as they talk about the pictures. One of the things that a lot of people don't don't know is that under the view option. I mean, most of us, if we do work with PowerPoint, pretty much most of the time use this layout with the work area is in the center. And then on the left side, you have the slides. But there's an, there are other ways to view them and the one that I like for this. So this is called slide sorter view. So what I would do is I would have them look at it in slides sorter view. Okay, so, and then you can enlarge that of course, let me see if I can enlarge it. We'll get the zoom. We'll make it a little bit larger. That may have been a little bit too much but but you can see it. Okay. And then the idea is to look at this and give me some ideas about what is first in this sequence of events. Bring it down just a little bit so we got all of them. Okay, how's that can everybody pretty much see all of the different slides so the point is, these are you can click and move them so I can click on this one and move it to anywhere I want in the order. Okay, so the idea would be, you know, either as a discussion first, you know, as a whole group activity. Let's work together and see if we can come up with the most logical order for these slides. So this is the time where you can either speak or shout out or write in the chat so it looks like somebody has already gone ahead and said, H, they feel slide H is first. So we're looking at H. Okay, does anybody have any different ideas. Should I go with H. Nobody has an opinion. Okay, so we have at least two people who said H is first so let me go ahead and move H up into the first location. And maybe the rationale might be this teacher is thinking about having having some coffee okay. And I will also say that it's possible that there may be more than one correct answer. And that becomes part of the discussion okay what would be next. Yes, I think that's Anna saying she's tired and, you know, if it's a typical teacher. Yeah, probably. Okay, so we have a couple people it looks like saying see is next. So see, and then you know you can you can ask the students to elaborate what do they see in the picture. So again it depends on the level that you're working with. So sounds logical to me, you've done a good job so far. Let's grab it, click it and drag it. Okay. So that's see. So, it looks like she goes to the cabinet to get the supplies. Can we get some. Okay, a couple people are suggesting G. So, yeah, several people okay so G would be putting the coffee into the coffee maker, and then in any case, you can obviously what happens now. So after you do a demonstration of how it works. Okay, there are different ways to roll this out in the class. One way you could distribute the, the sequence in, you know, the original order. And then the students as part of their tasks would be to save it in the correct order. They have to be distributed like this. And then they have to return it to you that to save it and return it to you in the correct order with their, you know, with their rationale about why they think it's this particular order.  So, you know, if they've already done, you know, something like this, they already have the pictures, they could make their own so I do have a sample. Let's see. That. So this is an actual student created slideshow as well. And there could be a lot of variations on this. The other nice thing that they can do with this afterward, you know, they can create the order, then they could create a scrambled version. So that they can run the game for the other people in the class. And then they become the teacher working from their own project. But the other nice thing about the power, you know, PowerPoint is that they can record their voice. Wait at least another minute for your nails to dry. Finally, enjoy your new glamorous nails. Then file. Did it come through or not really. Yes, we heard it. Ah, okay, great. Thank you.  You do sort of, it may be a good idea to caution students about how many pictures. They should include because, you know, this can, when you really break things down into steps. It can be quite lengthy. Okay, so another activity that I found was a lot of fun for students. I used to call it find English in real life. And basically what we would do. It was, you know, this is something that if you establish at the beginning of the semester, then your students are queued in and are aware that at any time during the semester this can be an activity that they can participate in. And basically it's like a treasure hunt where every time you introduce a new topic or you talk about something. Their goal is to try to find an example of that in real life. And this one was good enough that when the student brought it in, I actually turned it into a worksheet. Because of the, the nature of, you know, what happened so for some reason and I'm not sure, you know how it started other than the fact that we were working on contractions. It came up with aint.  Well, in academic, you know, so-called good English, we probably wouldn't be using aint. But, you know, in more casual or colloquial English, you may find it and you may hear it in songs and wouldn't you know it? Sure enough, the student that next morning came in with this boondocks comic strip and I'm sure you're familiar or you've heard of boondocks. But right there, he said, look, I found it. You aint that young either. And so then, you know, a student gets recognized for finding the English that we talked about in class in real life. You can print out a certificate nowadays.  But this is an activity that can take place throughout the semester. Examples, again, other student finds where they brought these things in this obviously we were studying passive voice.  And sure enough, students found them very easily. A tap card is required. Dog defecation must be removed. And this, that's really nice too because it even has the buy, buy owners. And so, very, very easy to turn all of those photos that they bring in or they email you into a nice little slideshow. But again, this is something that can happen throughout the semester. Okay, so the next project. I like for quite a few reasons, but one of them is also students get to learn a little bit about some of the other functions that can find in publisher or PowerPoint depending on which programs you have. Not as many people have publisher easily available anymore. But it can actually be done in PowerPoint. And, but I will say that the most recent versions of PowerPoint and publisher, they still do this but it's a little bit a little bit more difficult to manipulate so let me just show a few examples. So that one obviously is coffee. That one is baby team. A little bit more conceptual the idea of friendship. And, well there you go. So, let me just get an idea.  Give me a shout out. This will be at least one brand new thing for many of you today. And really fun for lower levels because you're not dealing with a lot of language. So let's go ahead and take a look at how this can be done. I'm looking for the original. But I guess, you know what I'll do is I'll just go ahead and we'll start from scratch with a new PowerPoint. So, again, basically this is your typical PowerPoint slide on the left side, you know you see all the slides that you would create the center is your work area for this under. Let's see where we're going to get rid of the. What I want to do is get rid of these little things here. Okay, so under layout, I just choose a blank slide. Okay, now. What we're going to do is we're going to use word art. And, okay, so under your insert menu, you look for word art and just pick one with a lot of area. Okay. So you have your word art box. And what you're going to do is you're going to type your word. Okay, so let's say we pick a word. I'm probably use all capital letters. Okay, sunflowers. And then the next thing that I do is I highlight the text. Okay. And we need to do find the menu item that says text effects. Okay, actually I think I'll probably want to do it under under under the home menu instead. Okay. I like text effects. So, under, got to find the right one. Sorry, let's see. I just did it this morning. Let's see, let's look at it again. Home. Or maybe it's under the word art insert word art. There we go. I'm not sure why I don't see it right now it was there just this morning. That's smart. Well, if somebody else can help me with that. That would be great. Well, before that, there before that there's one that we got it we want got to get it into the word art. Let me start from the beginning. Okay, we'll try it again. Insert word art. And I pick one want that. Okay, so we'll write the word. I've got summer on my mind but really what I was writing with sunflowers. Okay, so let's see. You had just right click on that and then we saw the effect. Right, but I'm looking for a special one that says text effects and it wasn't that it's not the format there's another menu item. We may have to come back to this. It's not that one. Very. Yeah. After you've typed in your text, select the word art text. Yeah, the gate. Drawing tools. Format word art styles. Click text effects. Drawing tools. Drawing tools format word art styles. Over here on the right. I'd rather go ahead and skip it. Okay. There we go. Shape format. That's it text effects. And there you see transform that's that's the command I'm looking for. Again, this is a, even though I review this before I do it. I don't do it enough with students okay so sorry for that transform and say then you have all of these great shapes. See that. What I suggest is you try to get one that provides as much coverage as you can of letters. And then you can make it larger. There we go. That looks pretty good. So that was that that's the text effects and you get to this transform. Okay, then. Now what we want to do is we want to use the. The, the idea of the pictures. Okay, so now we can go to our color of the text. And under the colors. Not there either. Let's see it's not there either. This is where we want to fill it in. Let's see. Okay, there we go the format now it's a shape. So we use this one picture fill. And then we can insert a picture from an online one, even though this may be the background. Let's see what happens pick one with a lot of sunflowers. Okay, so that did the opposite of what I intended. So it's not the shape it's the. Let's undo that. It's the letters. So home, maybe I have to highlight it first. Again, I'm not sure. I'm not seeing the menu that I want. It's not the shape of the text picture. Again, that's giving me the background I think. Yeah, it's giving me the background instead of the, the text, maybe if I click on text options. I'm going to take up more of your time. But the idea is you should be able to get it into the actual text. I'll, I'll come back to that later. Let's insert it. But one thing I did learn. If you insert a text box, and you can really do the same thing. Just make your letters really large is a little bit too big. Okay. So now when we go to the colors, hopefully it will be there. Again, I'm not sure why I'm so sorry. So this is the text option picture feel. There we go. Look at went ahead. See there's the sunflowers. Again, so it has to be in the text fill. And there's the picture. And there's the sunflowers. So it's an option something probably, you know, you can experiment with and see if you can get it to work a little bit better than I've demonstrated. Okay, see Adrian says something like this. And I'm not sure what he means. Oh, he found some instructions. Basically, yes. Thank you for that. Okay, in any case, let's move on. You probably want to practice with that.  What do you think. And I've already separated this out into sections. So this particular one only has three. And they really do work best if you edit the clips to only what you want to see I used to try running the whole clip and stopping it. But I was just, it was always so inaccurate so I finally use a very basic video editor and started editing to see only the portion of the clip so let's all do this together. Let me make sure that the sound is working. I think the sound should still be on. So let me know if you hear the sound. Did you get the sound on that. Yes. Okay, great. So you saw what happened. So now, you know, in the classroom you could, you know, separate into groups and online setting you could go into breakout rooms but you're the idea is as a group. I need you to give me some predictions about what you think will happen next so obviously, you know, there's also a lot of good room for practicing present continuous tense you know what is what do you see the person doing, and then moving into, you know, future tense what you think will happen. So, we can just work as a whole group. Why don't you put in the chat, your suggestions about what you think will happen next. Okay, so some of the ideas are starting to populate. He's going to steal the car. Okay. He's going to be locked out of his car. Let's see if we can get a few more. Oh my, he's going to dead lift the car. I think that means pick it up. Okay, he's going to drive away. Someone is going to come out of the car. He's going to buy this kind of car in the future. All those are great. Okay. All right. Okay, so now what I would do is go to the next one and play that. Okay, did any of you expect that really surprising right, but nevertheless, you know, then you know what happened you get a lot of good vocabulary about. Oh gosh the monster and the lake and you know grabbed him. But after you do all of that discussion. Again, we get back to what do you think will happen next. And let's get some ideas. See now you know how absurd this thing, you know the this particular video is so you can make your predictions a little bit wilder if you want. Show that again because it's so fun. Okay, so what do we got we've got. It will spit him out. If you want to swim out and throw the cardboard into the water. The monster will put him back. Okay. Let's see jh Jessica. In that in your sentence there. You're saying that the monster will put the person back. Oh look what Adrian said. Adrian said the arms will put the cardboard up for the next victim. Well, let's see who was right. Let's give Adrian a big round of applause very good Adrian. Yeah, the actual name when I first found this clip was actually called bait car. But it's some sort of commercial so when I edited it, I trimmed off that part of it. So it wouldn't be a clue but so what do you think you know your students, do you think your students would get a kick out of that. And how many of you think your students would ever guess that second step. It's so surprising. So surprising. Okay, so that's one. The bait car let's take a look at another one. This one is called Thanksgiving turkey. So appropriate obviously in November, save it for November. You saw it. What do you think will happen next. Okay, Adrian first out of the gate with the turkey is going to attack her. Okay, see now you guys are sort of thinking about wild and crazy things because you saw that first one.  Fly out the window she will turn into a turkey. These are great suggestions. Okay. Let's go ahead and look at the next one. Okay, so that's what happened. What do you think will happen next. Okay, the turkey will run away. Okay, through the magic of CGI, the turkey is going to walk out. The turkey will jump back into the sink. She's going to wrestle the turkey on the floor. Okay, let's watch. That was a short one. Okay, so now what's next she will pick it up and place it back in the sink. Okay. Oh, there was she'll go to McDonald's for dinner. Okay. I have other suggestions. She's going into the sink with the turkey. Oh, I like that. Okay, let's, let's check. Every time I see that I still chuckle. What do you think also fun. Again, you know, really good way to talk about things and get a lot of vocabulary, you know, into it. Okay, so the, the final one I have. I'm making a commercial for Samsung washing machine. Okay. Oh, so I saw a little comment there. Before we go to the washing machine. Christie says the moral of the story is the husband should help. Yes, if he wasn't outside there, minding his own business watering the lawn. Okay, so again, you know, your ESL teachers, you know, might want to first, you know, elicit ideas from the students about what they're looking at in the picture. So let's see, let's get to play the first one. Just putting the feeder hose into the back of the machine. We're getting water directly from the lake over there. Okay, let me play that again. Just putting the feeder hose into the back of the machine. We're getting water directly from the lake over there. Okay, so what do you think will happen next. The last thing he said was, we've got company. Okay, so, Gloria, if you've seen this, then let's refrain. Okay, don't don't spoil it. Okay. So, big foot, a bear. A bear will approach. Okay, well, let's see the next one. It's a company. It's a bear. It's a bear. It's fine. It's fine. We'll only walk over here. We're fine. You too, sir. Now, please. Let's just give the bear a minute. He's going to move on. Just let the bear be. Okay, we'll go right through this because it seems like many of you have a fairly good idea. But again, your students won't. Okay. So again, a lot of little fun clips here. Okay. So there you go. You pretty much got it right for those of you. But it's fun too. Obviously, and, you know, total imagination. I mean, you're never going to guess that the bear is going to juggle the fish. But notice, of course, it's not just drawings washing. He changes from being a dirty, brownish looking bear to a beautiful white coat. So in any case, what I've done is I have these three clips. Now, let me see, maybe I can. While we're still all here, let me see if I can find that file and just drop it into the chat. And then you can open it and see if it works for you. Let me, let me find it. So that should open as a word doc. And then why don't one or two of you, you know, just pick different clips and see if it opens for you on your, on your device. Oh good. So what you would do is, you know, create a folder on your device where you're going to store all these and you know pretty much download them in order. And, you know, have them available. And, you know, make use of them when you need it. And I've already done that really nice video work for you. So that's most of the work with these.  I'm sure that you can find other videos or you've already seen other videos that will, you know, be real suitable. You know, for use in this situation. I did want to share one, one app that's pretty helpful. Let me get, let me go back to the share. 123 apps.com. If I'm not correct, I think I learned about this from Melinda whole. However, regardless of the source. It's an, you know, you can go to the webpage but if you have Chrome, they also have like a Chrome browser extension, you can get the menu right from within your Chrome browser but very simple online only. Tool for working with video very, very simple trimming the video cropping it, rotating it, flipping it, and then you can see up at the top. They also have audio tools PDF tools, other types of converters.  Use this on your own to trim it and, you know, presented to your students. And if, and if you do do that, then, you know, it would be great share share with me. I'll put my email address in the chat there. Because, you know, these are so fun. They're really, really great. Okay, so there is one final website that's been around for quite some time. That I'll introduce you to really a lot of fun for ESL. It's called make beliefs comics.com. Okay, there's so much stuff here in this website since the gentleman who created it created it many years ago that, you know, you can really spend quite a lot of time on it. But basically the idea is working within comics, getting your students to use these comics to practice their English. Okay. So let me just show you the one example of where, oops, sorry, sorry, sorry. So, again, basically what you have is characters. And then speech balloons. And the students will choose the character, choose the language and produce produce a comic. And it's so very flexible because in your directions to the students, you can say, you know what, we've been studying past tense today, or this week, please incorporate some past tense into the into your comic, or, you know, we, we were working with the simple compound and complex sentences. So in your comic strip, please make sure you include at least one simple sentence one compound sentence, and one complex sentence. So, basically, you know, the way it works is under the create comics. Or the interface is very pretty simple. Once you show students what to do. This is the number of panels, like the default is three but one but you can say okay I'm going to have the third panel the second panel the first panel you can add more panels make it four panels. Okay. So then you give it a name, and you put your name. Okay. And then you have all these characters.  Okay, and then you're given some options. All right. Oh, okay, you know what I was in the third panel. Let me go ahead and click on the first panel and we'll get something. Okay, and then you have some tools here. Move, let's you move the person around or the character around scale. You can make that smaller, or, or bigger, bring to front as if you have more than one character, you change the position, flip, flips the character, and then delete. So, once you get the character. Okay. And you can, you know, put more than one character as well. Sorry, I went, I clicked on the wrong thing. We have to get the little speech balloon. So, and also there's also the backgrounds but you get your little thought balloons or speech balloons so you have different ones. And then when you click on it, you get the words, and then you can move it into locations and then you might say you know what that balloon is a little bit too big. You get a smaller one. Try that. Also that looks a lot better. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to delete that one and move this one up into place. So, basically that's the idea. And what you do is you build your comic and again the same type of idea where you just tell your students you know see if you can include something that we've studied. And then they have the print share or email. If you don't create a little account. It doesn't get saved but what you would do is you just basically email it to yourself or you have your students printed out or email it. And then you can, you know, put it up in the classroom or display it on the webpage. It's really a great little website. They have so many other so many topics now. I'm not going to go into everything but you know other types of writing prompts that you could use. So that's called make beliefs comics. The only thing that over the years that I wish you'd done a little bit differently was somehow change the name. So that it's a little bit to me it sounds a little bit weird make beliefs. I was fortunate to meet Bill Zimmerman at a T saw conference years maybe like 10 years ago. A really nice gentleman. But anyway, it's a really fun activity students making their, their comics printing them out. There you go. So that brings me to the end of the activities that I wanted to share with you today. I hope that we met the objective that at least you'll be able to implement one or two activities or projects right away in your classes. If not tomorrow then next week.


Welcome to the Tick Meal Update, I'm Kiana Danielle, CEO of Investiva.com. On Monday, China narrowed its scope for trade deal with the U.S. and oil prices dropped ahead of the trade talks. U.K. House prices index in September came in 1.1% higher on a year-in-year basis, while it came 0.4% lower on a month-to-month basis. Eurozone, ascent to investor confidence continued to fall. But on Tuesday, we'll be looking at China's new yuan loans for September. Bank of England's Carney speech on climate change in Tokyo, and the U.S. Fed's Powell speech at Denver. Today, I'm looking at the dollar-cat pair, which ended up above the daily Ichimako cloud, even after all last week's volatility. The 38% of Monochi Tracement level of 1.3227 remains a strong support. However, the 61% of Monochi Tracement level of 1.3353 is now looming as a resistance. More importantly, the pair could even be in the process of forming a double-top bearish reversal chart pattern. If you're a range trader, then you might be better off looking between these two levels before we have a more solid trend confirmation based on Ichimako. Of course, trading in the financial markets involves a risk of loss, and you should only trade the money you can afford to lose. If you liked this video, give it a thumbs up and subscribe to our social media. I'll get back to you with more updates tomorrow.