Fy frithgwrdd, wrth gwrs, rwy'n dechreu i'n gweithredu'r ysdîr i eu bodi gydweithiadau a'r gweithredu, ac mae'n ymwaid gyda cyfnodol yn gweithio cael ymddiel iawn o g advice. Fod eich gydweithio sefydliadau, antheraposyn, eraill, ac ymwhech. Mae'n gweithredu â aeth. shelters, dy lle, ymwhech, dinarn, rydyn a'r program. A rwy'n ddweud hynny, yr edrych yn y proses sydd wedi'u gweld i'r ysgrifennu ac yn ymdweud o'r ffwllys i'r llach o'r ystod. A rydyn ni'n dechrau i'r ysgrifennu gyda'r amser o'r cymdeithasol o'r cymdeithasol o'r cymdeithasol. Felly, rydyn ni'n ddweud ystod o'r ysgrifennu a'r cymdeithio'r cymdeithasol o'r cymdeithasol o'r cymdeithio o'r cymdeithio'r cymdeithio i ddim yn ymdweithio cymdeithio i'r ffwllysau llach o'r cymdeithio ac rydyn ni'n ddweud sy'n ddweud drws i'n ddweud yr ysgrifennu a'r ysgrifennu i'w ddim yn ddweud i y prosesio hynny. Felly, rydyn ni'n dechrau ymdweithio i ddweud o'r cymdeithasol o'r cymdeithasol o'r llach o'r ysgrifennu i'r ysgrifennu a'r amser o'r ysgrifennu i ddweud o'r cymdeithio Ieithi gyd bydd eich wybod o'r llwyddon cyffredinol yn gweithio'r sgwrdd hefyd, ac'r llwyffydd ddefnyddiaeth yn cael ei anodd gyfweld i gael i ddweud wahanol ysgrifennwyd yn cyntafol o'r grwp sydd yma ym 7 oed 11 oed yn 12 oed yn 13 oed, a'r 18 oed yn oed, ac mae'r 110 oed yn ôl. I would be teaching this newly introduced subject to school students not only in this particular school but it's a newly introduced subject in the nation and also a newly introduced subject to the world. A number of people had resigned even before starting the job and I was under no illusion that the job would be arduous, frustrating, backbreaking, political with heavy red tape. However I am of the belief that problems are important to solve and they should not be insurmountable. So the challenges of teaching computer science and computer programming are very well acknowledged. In The Economist there has been an article which has said, the subject is so young that teachers and curriculum designers have little pedagogical research to guide them. And Sardier Nadel, the CEO of Microsoft recently said in an interview, the fact that most curricula in schools still don't recognize computer science like they do maths or physics is just crazy. Now as mentioned we should not think of these challenges as insurmountable. We are after all dealing with computers and technology which is one of the world's most dominant and powerful forces in the current era. And also the world's positive disruptive force, technological force, it completely overturning centuries old thinking and approaches in the way we tackle problems in the scientific, artistic, commercial worlds and replacing them with radical, innovative and more successful approaches. So in turn I thought we can think of the teacher of computer programming as another positive disruptive force and approach such a venture in the spirit of an entrepreneur with a mindset of freedom and independence which is to be welcomed and follow in the footsteps of our heroes. So an entrepreneur he requires a business plan with a vision and a mission objectives, methodology, unique selling points or USPs and an outcome so we too can mimic that model. So let us look at what we have under each blurb. Vision and mission. What vision should we adopt as an educator? What vision should we transmit to the young people and the students of the next generation? We need a vision which everyone can buy into and I believe we are privileged in this subject to formulate a lofty vision and how many other subjects can say the same. So the vision is to create the next generation of Bill Gates, Steve Jobs and Elon Musk. Now we shall see later how this vision appeals tremendously to young people and it's not just boys, it's girls as well in equal measure. Let us look at the unique selling points or USPs, our sales and marketing angle. Now we have to take note of the fact that this subject of computer programming is competing against other more established disciplines with long and time honoured traditions such as mathematics, Latin, history. We must also be mindful of the fact that there are a number of stakeholders in this, the educators, the parents, the children. So the key element here is to generate USPs which persuade all stakeholder groups and surprisingly enough their interests can actually be compete against one another. I'm going to leave you to guess which group is the most enthusiastic and embraces this the most. So the first USP is that computers are ubiquitous and prevalent in most if not all sectors of our modern society. Applications involve medical research, weather forecasting, robotic surgery, space exploration and in UK we had the astronaut Tim Peake going to speak, e-commerce, scientific research such as the experiments carried out in CERN where the world wide web comes from and it was Tim Berners-Lee from the UK who developed that and that appeals tremendously to our young people, especially in the UK, driverless cars etc etc. So computer science is now regarded as one of the leading disciplines of the 21st century and many of our children were surprised at this. And indeed if computers hadn't been invented science may have ground to complete halt in the second half of the 20th century say some. So as a consequence of this coding or computer programming is now regarded as many by an essential skill for any aspiring ambitious self-respecting young person in an aspiring nation and it has been dubbed the fourth R along with reading, writing, arithmetic and computer programming. And in recognition of this new status and huge significance of computer programming governments worldwide have launched initiatives to have it taught in schools starting from the beginning of the school career in kindergarten through to junior school all the way through to secondary school and the regions in red are where the intention is that computer programming is taught from kindergarten through to junior school to secondary school and we can see that the nations include all continents America, Asia, Europe etc. So this USP appeals to the educational community. Now the second USP is the major role that technology plays in the world economy. The market capitalisation of the Fang stocks, Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, Alphabet is bigger than the economy of some countries. Indeed if it was a nation it would be the fifth richest nation in the world and it would be eligible for entry into the G20. The Fang stocks are in red. Now this was devised to be appealing to the parents and guardians who can then be most relieved to hear that their offspring are studying a subject which decent organisations will be waiting eagerly for their offspring services. But when I showed it to the children they all gasped in absolute delight and glee that they were actually studying something of such value and enormity. And the third USP is the financial rewards for studying it and it should be noted that the top 100 richest people in the world a substantial proportion of them are involved with computers. 20%, probably 1 in 5. And when we look at the 10 richest people in the world substantially more are involved in technology and we have Jeff Bezos of Amazon, Bill Gates of Microsoft, Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook, Larry Ellison of Oracle. And this really did capture the imagination of the young people because they thought they can also join this club and boys and girls as well. So how do we approach the teaching of it? Well, as a first port of call we can look at the national curriculum. Now most nations in the world have a national curriculum or something equivalent to it. In the UK we have a national curriculum for every subject. This is a document detailing what should be taught in every subject and computer science also has a national curriculum. But after reading the document and re-reading it and re-reading it and a great deal of soul searching it was decided that the UK national curriculum in this subject although laudable in its intentions with very few design for it. Faults and process faults would be used as a one of a number of guides. So the national curriculum will act as one of many guides but not be taken as the definitive authority on the teaching of the subject in schools. What about resources such as textbooks? Well a decision was made to equip all students with a textbook and exercise book as note was taken of the fact that most serious academic subjects have both textbooks and exercise books associated with them. Now it might surprise people to know it's not uncommon to operate in this subject at the school level without textbook and exercise book. And this has not been unnoticed by the students who comment on this informally. Now unfortunately no appropriate textbooks were available for the subjects year groups 7 to 9 that's 11 to 14. So worksheets, a website and a YouTube channel which I've entitled Lil Anonymous were all constructed to develop the resource space to be used by the students. So I've constructed a YouTube channel entitled Lil Anonymous which currently contains over 70 videos for these high school children who want to learn about computer science and computer programming. Containing 12 videos in total about Python programming so far and I have discovered that my university lecture of friends are also using them too. There's a website and YouTube video and 65 subscribers so far. You are welcome to subscribe. So how should we start teaching school children computer programming? Let us now be more specific. How should we perhaps pitch the lessons to year 7 students, those aged 11 and 12, those at the start of their secondary school career? In particular should we be teaching these drag and drop languages such as Scratch as a first teaching language? To find answers to these questions a study was made of what the young students learn in other subjects at this age and note was taken of the fact that it's not unusual for these students to in maths solve simultaneous equations. In English to analyse poetry such as Radaw of Kiplins if a highly esteemed poem and English literature they study plays such as Midsummer Night's Dream which is by William Shakespeare and in geography they are being asked to write essays at the moment on the advantages and disadvantages of Brexit. So from this information we or I surmise that young people at this age are comfortable with being able to manipulate symbols and deal with sophisticated text and therefore concluded they should be able to cope well with a textual programming language perhaps such as Python such as the first programming language. So a decision was made to choose Python as their first programming language and the decision was made on the basis because I wanted to teach a programming language which is in demand by the employers of today out of the dozen choices. And at the time of writing Python was the most widely used teaching language worldwide in schools and universities. It's also the most widely used commercial language used by the likes of Google and the children really like this. And there is a plethora of resources and many books being written on the subject which means that the language is a strong support network and has a huge quite a strong infrastructure. And the language itself is under rapid development with new libraries being released into the public domain at a regular pace. So and a Google search that's in yellow revealed a respectable number of hits and Amazon search revealed a respectable number of hits although admittedly there may be more hits for other programming languages still respectable though. And a recent article in The Economist revealed that the number of people searching for Python in Google is going up at a tremendous pace more than any other language. So we could say that there is more growing interest in the programming language than any other but perhaps the most glowing endorsement of all is the number of Google searches for Python outstripped. Those for international model and TV star Kim Kerr should do what more could one want. So how should we introduce it? What about this teaching approach? Now a decision was made to employ a bottom up approach to teach computer programming as opposed to a top down approach. The dust justification for the bottom up approach that it's a tried and tested successful and traditional method used in the teaching of computer programming to adults. Foreign languages and mathematics have also been taught in this manner traditionally. Now a bottom up approach is when concepts and ideas are learnt first and these are then used to solve problems. A top down approach is when a student is presented with a problem and then he or she tries to work out how to solve it. However there was some trepidation as whether the UK students would be accepting of this bottom up approach as the modern trend in UK schools is to employ top down approaches while studying subjects. And so it was felt in order for this bottom up approach to work we would need explicit buy in from the students as they are relatively unaccustomed to it. Therefore we'd have to provide an explanation and this would have to be provided prior to any teaching. So the explanation went like this. Computer programming languages they have an inbuilt grammar they can be thought of as analogous to human languages such as English, French, Chinese, Polish, German, Italian. And just like we communicate with each other in human programming languages we communicate with the computer in computer programming languages which there are many and we are going to be using Python. Then an explanation was provided that just like you have essays they are analogous to programs, we have paragraphs they are analogous to functions, we have sentences they are analogous to statements and we have words they are analogous to keywords. And we would be taking a keyword at a time and learning about its uses and its definitions and then we would be building up to write programs. Now this bottom up teacher led approach to teaching computer programming appealed tremendously to the younger generation of students and their parents. And the idea is that the basics are strong so that the school children can become not only confident but competent and happy to tackle any given programming problem. So it's teaching by strengthening the fundamentals. I was quite often asked by the students are you fluent in Python just like they ask are you fluent in French. And in parents evening parent after parent was saying how much their children were enjoying the subject and how much they in fact loved the subject. And I felt a huge sense of delight because now we were competing with music and history and Latin and all the other subjects and I think actually I think we were ahead of them but I didn't tell anyone that until now. So let's have a look at some example programs written on a whiteboard by some year 7 students. These are children aged 11. These are written by Therese. So she's got 4J in range 1 to 11, print J, prints the first 10 numbers. It took them about 5 minutes to master the concept of a for loop. And this was on mass. Next one for Jane range 1 to 101, 2, print J, print in the first 100 odd numbers. And they squealed in glee when they saw these numbers coming out. And then here we have a nested for loop, a loop within a loop for program 3. And the children were quite comfortable with this concept also when it had been explained. Again, you know, beforehand I had thought of it as a very advanced concept but after they sort of understood it like that I thought and they said to me what's the big deal about. I thought yes maybe there is a big deal here. This is from Jerome aged 12 and he has written programs using functions. And so we explained the concept of a function and how it can return a variable and displayed it or showed them an example program adding two numbers. They subsequently wrote programs to multiply numbers, divide numbers and they played around with the concept of functions as well. And again it didn't take them very much time to actually master this. Here this is their examination and this is Harry aged 12.  He's quite comfortable with sort of terminology such as iterative statement, etc. Here we have Charles aged 11 and he has written a program there to find the circumference of a circle. And then he has written a program there to generate the first five square numbers. And he can do this by hand quite comfortably. And here we have Mei Ling here and she has provided definitions in an exam of algorithm and decomposition. So she's written here an algorithm is a set of logical steps to solve a problem in a finite amount of time. And I think it's quite good that Mei and her classmates understand the importance of solving a problem in a finite amount of time. And here we have Boris here aged 12. And again Boris in his examinations being given a program and he's been asked to identify input statements, iteration statements, assignment statements and data types which he can do quite accurately as well. And you know remember Boris is about 11 or 12 when people are 15 or 16 now in the GCSE exams. There are similar types of questions but they can answer them at 11 or 12 I think if they are taught. And finally not least Kate who is also aged 11 and she's been given a function and she's been asked to dissect the various facets of the function which she has done accurately as well. Now they were asked a question. It's very important what their motivation is so they were asked an exam question. Computer science is said to be the most important, one of the most important subjects that a young person needs to learn about. Why do you think it's important to study the subject? This was asked for 11 and 12 year olds. Now their reaction afterwards was goody I like writing essays and I think for three marks they did write essays. So what did they write? Let's just have a look at some. So here we have Therese aged 11 and she wrote the technological advances of the modern age have been spectacular from simple things like Apple watches to the more advanced artificial intelligence robots. With these changes come a great responsibility for us as the future generation to understand this science so that we can continue to innovate and create. We must understand the inner workings of machines and to question everything around us in order to build on the foundations that our elders have laid down for us. When I was younger I used to believe that robots would somehow rule the world in some sense I believe that because if we can build a chess playing AI robot who knows what else humankind can come up with we must continue this legacy of computer science. More and more companies are beginning to use technology in place of humans and although this closes up some jobs it opens up many more. They need people to understand to look after check this technology in case something goes wrong. We can be those people the future is us the young people we can make a difference the future starts now. Let's go on to Boris age 12. I think it is vital to study computer science as we are growing up technology is expanding and is becoming an essential part of our everyday lives. Nearly all of the famous and successful billionaires have made their fortune from making programs which have become used everywhere. So now we have to have a chance to become as rich and as successful as them. So here we have Boris age 12 a precocious intelligent ambitious Boris. So a casual observer on reading this said to me the problem is that the ambitions aspirations and vision of these space age young students far outweighs and outstrips those of their career guides and that's my father Joy Devnandi. So what inferences did I make from this or we can make. Well year 7 they found computer programming easier than year 8 who found it easier than year 9 who found it easier than year 10 who found it easier than year 11 and the message is to start properly from the beginning is better. Point 2 points need to be explained properly students are happier with this student led or other teacher led approach rather than a student led or independent learning at this early stage. And they have told me this many times and terminology should be introduced along the way and it should be pegged on to examples and operational definitions. There is a crying need for decent textbooks and resources fit for purpose and of course the best students are the ones who are motivated to do well. Now quickly moving on afterwards I moved on to another institution this institution took children from 2 to 18 so I was now exposed to even smaller or younger children. So I was exposed to children age 9 and 10 which are who are in year 5. And I thought well we thought well rather than starting them off on coding and there was red tape around introducing them to coding because many people thought they were too young perhaps then we could introduce to them about the actual history of computing. So what we did was to introduce them to the figures like Alan Turing, Steve Jobs, Ada Loveless, Grace Hooper and Bill Gates and we did like history lessons and then they wrote in word documents they did research and wrote up sort of projects about these people which they also incidentally presented for 5 or 10 minutes as well. And as far as the institution is concerned they are learning word and they are doing ICT as far as I am concerned they are learning about computer science. So it kills two birds in one stone. Now this is Matt age 9 here and he did his research on Alan Turing. He was absolutely enthralled by Alan Turing and so were the rest of the people in his class as well. And we introduced them to the Turing test and they thought it was the most wonderful thing ever. What was quite interesting was a few months before I had introduced it to 17 and 18 year olds and they ticked it off on their syllabus but to a 9 and 10 year old it was the most wonderful thing ever and they couldn't stop talking about it. Now the other thing about this school was that I was on break and lunch time duty so I got to know these children in the computer lab very informally as well and they expressed their love of all things computing to me all the time. So we had a little girl come in Shona at lunch times at times to learn more some Python programming. So I showed her a 4 statement which generated the 12 times table and she said oh this is a great way to learn your times tables but I know mine up to 12 let me write one which will teach me how to write my 13 times table. So she did this and then she looked at the screen and she held out her hand and said I love this I love this and it was you know for them they appreciate it with their hearts and their minds it's quite something to see. Then we have Tom aged 12 who was in year 8. Now Tom told me he does his own personal projects in his time what do you do I said he said I do C sharp and unity what kind of things do you do he said I said I do artificial intelligence so I said can you send me a few lines of code. I said so he sent me 10 lines of code and these are the 10 lines of codes and you can see for a full size pages there. So Tom sat in the middle of the classroom doing his own work what's the others did other work and I sat him deliberately in the middle of the classroom so others could see aspire to be like Tom and indeed they were really trying their best. To be like him.  I said fine so he gave me an outline of the you know the office talk and that's his handwriting there which is very nice and you can see what he's put in his outline. Machine learning visual path finding AI in infant caring AI and finding diseases and cures etc he knew a lot. It took him about five weeks to prepare his talk he stood up he spoke for 10 minutes I was trying to get him off probably like you're doing with me because I thought he's taking up far too much of my lesson. And then there were about five minutes of Q&A and then I said to the other children in future we will have more talks and more of you can give talks like this and they all nodded they all want to give a talk which is brilliant. And then we have Bob here and Bob said to me one day he hadn't done his homework and I said why haven't you done your homework. He said I'm very tired you know I'm really very busy I've got a job and I'm in a team of 30 doing development. And I've had a promotion I'm trying to learn Java and C sharp and Python at the same time and here is Bob's email to us. He's asking the school to load on Java so that he can practice his Java at school at lunch times and breaks. And he tells us that he's always been fascinated by programming and it's an amazing opportunity to encourage coding at school. He also wanted to be my marketing manager for my YouTube channel. And here Bob towards the end of term he wrote me this little note here and he said oh all of year 8 enjoy your lessons. I definitely do I'm developing my skills in Python learning the basics of C sharp have become interested in pursuing computer science for GCSE and you've inspired us to start coding in Java and download multiple IDE spanning 14 coding languages. So you know they know a lot I thought. So further conclusions I thought year 5 are actually better than year 6 who are better than 7 8 9 10 11. I think there are two curriculums there's the official curriculum and there's the unofficial curriculum which is student led and the unofficial curriculum appears to be more sophisticated. And a substantial proportion of what is taught probably at age 15 16 17 can be brought down 10 years or so. And so the idea is to maybe front load the subject and they're much keener at that age as well when they're younger. So I guess as a child would say grown ups watch out. And I leave you with a thought I can conclude my speech here with special reference to education which is general global and eternal from an event almost 100 years ago. The great Austrian theoretical physicist Paul Erenfest was trying to establish the city of Leiden in the Netherlands as a center of theoretical physics and watching his great efforts. His great friend Albert Einstein described Paul Erenfest as the best teacher in our profession and one passionately preoccupied with the development and destiny of men especially his students. And it struck me and I'm going to ask you does this observation by Einstein on the teachers preoccupation about students development carry any relevant message to our age. The teachers of the modern age when student development sometimes considered fake and machine learning intelligence and artificial intelligence are poised to take over our educational activities. So thank you for your time and any questions are welcome. Thank you for the talk. It was really interesting. I just wondered what your opinion was you can mention comparing computer science to maths English and I suppose science more broadly as a kind of foundational subject. But I wonder what your opinion is with respect to and somewhat encompassed in the few people you show at the end in terms of machine learning and what have you in that it occurs to me that unlike the other pillars of education computer science is a subject which changes year on year or if you're a front end developer week to week. So and that has ramifications on say you talked about lack of textbooks. Well who wants to write a textbook when they're only going to get a year of you know money essentially from it. So I wonder what your opinion is on that with respect to how you teach it given that it's so fast fast paced. Well I mean it is fast paced but the fundamentals you know the fundamentals have been the same for decades really. So sorry. Yeah for if the fundamentals are you know have been the same for decades. So you can you know first of all you teach the fundamentals which take a few years to teach and then you can move in step with what the current fashion is of the day or the impending fashions are you know predicted fashions of the day. I mean really what they lack I think is they need a good fundamental base in order to be able to pick up whatever they need to pick up in the future. OK thank you. Other questions. Hello. Did you use Jupiter or any other tools and how was the acceptance by the students. No I've I've only used Python idle so far and that's because well I mean you know first of all we just want them to master the fundamentals and Python idle is is fine. But you know I do want to go on to other sophisticated ideas as well. But also there is a matter of administration as well. So we have to take that into account but in due course I do want to go on to those you know to the other ideas and Jupiter and everything. Yes I've I've taught Python to some groups of small children not to like seven years old to eleven years old and I thought one of the barriers was keyboard proficiency. And I was wondering if you had some some ideas about how to motivate them to to practice or to or if there's tool like that that can motivate them. From the 7 to 11 year olds. Yeah OK I mean I kind of I found that OK I don't know about the 7 to 11 year olds. But when I was teaching the to be honest I found that the younger that they are. Say I taught the 11 year olds in earnest the more motivated they were to actually practice. I wasn't persuading them to practice as such. They were practicing on their own because their general knowledge about the subject is now getting is quite good. And they're reading about it and their parents give them say raspberry pies for Christmas and things. And so you know and also if one friend practices then another friend also wants to practice. So I didn't find the problem is with the younger children. I'm finding the problem with the older children the 15 and 16 year olds. Thank you. I just have a comment because you thought that when teaching the younger children you were teaching them the rather history of computer science to young my daughter when she was eight or nine years old at school learned how to encode movements of some items to create a building create a structure or something. And children in this age were quite good in this and it was a pretty good way to teach them imperative thinking required later in programming. So even in this age we can teach children quite practical things that can be used later in teaching them computer science. I mean I actually totally agree with you and I have I guess I have experimented with children outside of school that age. And you know to teach them sort of Python little Python programs and addition subtraction and they actually quite well. It's not I thought they were too young. It's the establishment is quite orthodox in its thinking. There are no further questions. So I just want to know how the subjects in schools in UK are affected by the parents opinions. I actually am here from New York and they have this PTA and they are very influence influencing in what the school actually teaches. Of course it depends on different. It depends on where the schools are I suppose and what the school is. Parents are really getting on the bandwagon.  And in quite a few places they are putting a lot of pressure on the schools that their children are not just taught but they are taught well because sometimes it's a new subject. So parental influence is becoming greater and for the better. Any further questions? Then let's give our speaker one big round of applause.


It's not working so we can't go any further. It's the moment we've all been waiting for. So bad there's a problem. The entire house is rolling and it's not just like one little area. I just don't think we can sit here any longer. I think we need to start making a move. Two years ago we purchased this abandoned cabin with the goal of transforming it into the homestead of our dreams. And so far we've taken it from dark, overgrown, and unloved to an off-grid oasis with running water and solar electricity. Over the past few weeks we have been on a mission to transform the exterior but it's been a bit of a struggle. Will all our hard work be for nothing? Morning. Morning. You're sprawled, eh? You're sprawled. Okay. You love it? I love it. It's so nice. It is so nice. Good! That's the energetic good morning because nothing beats a very cold well shower. First thing in the morning. Double fist in this morning. Last week when we tried to side our house we were in a storm. No! Hence it didn't really work out. Now we're trying to side the house and we're... Anyways, I would take siding a house in a heatwave any day. I'm just so happy to send out. They don't even care. Check back with me at two and let you know if I care. The short pieces mostly are done under the windows and now I think the game plan for the top. I've done a few two pieces. I'm going to cut a bunch of long ones in their designated areas and then I will fill in the blanks at the bottom after just like this. So that's one full piece all the way up and then there's a cut piece that I've just married right down there. This look is a heatwave look. Strapping is making... I mean blue skin is making strapping look incredibly easy. A couple pieces up on a wall. Before we can start strapping this side we have to seal around our windows with the blue skin. We use this... is it recido? Resetto? Resisto! Technically we have to do a second layer anyways over it. That is perfectly cocked and watertight. So we're gonna use our good friend Henry blue skin. After many setbacks could this be the week we get our siding on? Fingers crossed it all goes to plan. No! Our nail gun's broken! Our nail gun's broken. All right well I'm about to have a meltdown so. What? Like this is just it's not working like this blue skin isn't working and it's coming off. What was going very well and what was very close to siding currently is no longer and I'm feeling super defeated because as I'm looking at the blue skin around the house the heat is hitting it and it seems to be bubbling out as if it's not adhered the way it's supposed to. Whether that be because there wasn't enough paint or it wasn't pressed down enough whatever it may be which we're trying to figure out right now is obviously not good because we're done the whole house now. And why it's so terrible is because we use blue skin that if water does get in that like a little pocket of where it is or forms it has nowhere to escape where Tyvex when you put it on you're just stapling it moisture gets in has it has room to breathe. This stuff doesn't really have any breathing room it's not working so we we can't go any further due to the fact that if moisture does get caught in these little air gaps then our house will basically rot. It's only bad if you get water in it that's when the problem starts. If you water in it then my friend you have to cut it open and put a patch on it. He's probably not realizing that like the entire house is bubbling and it's not just like one little area that's the thing that it's already like already bubbled. Thing now is you have to get the strapping on fast because you don't want all this bubble bubbling to happen. That's our friend. He has his own construction business in Ontario. Just the big jobs. What Altair doesn't know is that our nail gun just broke. We need a bigger roller to press it all down we need two so we can both go at the same time and we live an hour away from the store then an hour back so it's gonna be three hours. Whole day. Going back probably would have not used blue skin and would have used literally anything else and the only reason why is because I thought there'd be less room for air but there just seems to be more room for air so it's probably gonna all be fine like it will be fine it's just gonna be more work and more time that's it right and hopefully it works out. Problem you don't want it to lift so that is a problem that's that you don't want at all. It definitely is super defeating after spending weeks on this is obviously frustrating because we might have to rip it all down or we might have to go and roll even harder or cut out patches and put adhesive on it and all of that but I personally want to rip it down. I know that might sound like crazy to a lot of you but I don't know when something is gonna be in the back of your mind you're gonna think like how's that doing like what is the point. Yo we get it now. Superior product. We're gonna restart our day.  You're gonna have a coffee have another cold shower and get back to work. I think the best thing we can do is spend every minute that we have left at the cabin putting pushing it down and putting up the strapping and then that's it like I don't think we should move on to the siding I think we should just focus on getting every wall sealed. I just don't think it's realistic like I was excited to start the siding and show everyone and like I'm so excited about it but it truly doesn't make sense like I think every single side needs to be strapped and ready.  Don't worry so much about that. Thank goodness but Altair got back to us. Gotta love friends who are in the industry and know what they're doing. Altair has been working construction forever and that was a huge relief to hear that everything is fine that we can roll out these air bubbles and move on because it happens all the time in even commercial construction so people have been doing this job for the last 30 years. I just like get really into these projects and like that was like destructive for me to look. Did you also hear Tia? I was not well. Anyways Jasmine's leaving she's going to get us a massive heavy duty vinyl roller so we can roll this blue skin back on because it's going to be fine it's going to stick I just need some work and everything's going to be fine and I can now breathe again. I'm off. Ciao. You want a burrito when I come back girl? Sure. I know the way to your heart. She surprised you. Just a van watch. No it's not HGTV. Just the two of us we are the construction workers but if anyone wants there's no better way to start your day than with an AG1 and that includes when you're restarting your day so let's hit it. It makes getting the most fundamental nutrients for your body so simple and convenient they even have travel packs for when you're on the move and a huge thank you to our sponsor for offering 10 free travel packs and a one-year supply of a vitamin D dropper to you with your first purchase. Use our link in our description to access this offer. Your body will thank you. There are a whole slew of benefits with AG1 such as increased immunity, gut health, focused recovery levels, energy. It is truly such peace of mind knowing that with one simple scoop your body has everything it needs. We've been taking AG1 for so many years. We love being able to share it with you and when we're out here working on the homestead it is an absolute essential. It's absolutely true that you can push all of those supplement bottles to the side as they say you're going to need a smaller cupboard because AG1 is jam packed. All of their ingredients are online and you will be blown away by how it makes you feel. It covers all of your bases. That was the refresh that I needed and we're off with an ice cold bubbling hand. One hour to go. Imagine I made you all drive the full hour with me on YouTube. How many of you would click off? I have super fast jasmine and not jasmine. One thing and one thing only. Got it. Dancing, eating all of you in here. Off to win partner of the year.  Things are looking up. I'm feeling a lot more optimistic.  Cutting the rest of the strapping for this side. Jasmine's coming home with burritos. Everything's going to be good with the blue skin. Life couldn't be better honestly. So things just don't always go to plan and although for a second I had a bad way of dealing with it it's going to be fine and I think it's absolutely the coolest thing that we bring you along for all of the ups and downs and really really just bring you along for our raw life and our true selves. So much of the time showing exactly who we are, how jasmine and I are, our true interactions and the reality of certain projects of this size and just even yeah just life you know. I think it's the coolest thing because if we didn't share all of those pieces it wouldn't be the full puzzle. Hey did you get the nail gun? Oh my god. I had a feeling you forgot. See you when you get home. Thanks for reminding me. Okay. I would have literally just used a hammer. Yeah that one sucked. It's all sold out but spent way too long wrestling with this nail gun trying to figure it out. It's suddenly not working. Kind of hard to believe. How's it going? Jasmine literally went to the hardware store to get that roller and a new nail gun because it was acting up. It's good because they didn't have any in stock and ours is working now. Can't believe I'm even asking that. Cold all day baby. I even jumped back in the outdoor shower to cool off because we got to keep this train moving. Jazzy's gonna be here in maybe 15-20 minutes. We still have a lot of daylight left so let's do it. Is that mama? Is that mama? Oh my goodness. Welcome home. Three, two, one, roll. Quite literally. Want that coffee? Is that light saving? Wow that coffee has me so high. I know it's all melty. That's what I'm saying because it's hot. Maybe it says do not use it. It's very hotter. It's really hot. The caulking seems very weird and we have to caulk around the windows in order to start strapping it and satting it. Should we wait through this side? I think it's fine. There should be chop-chop-like liver. Like chop-chop-like liver. Chop-chop-like liver it is y'all. Wow it's so hot. I love it. Where are that rain we just got? I f***ing ate blue skin. I'm not gonna tell you that. It's so over it. Let me tell y'all I'm going on vacation after this. I only could have told me a week ago how brutal this would have been. Remember how I said we were like oh this reminds us of the cabin season one. Like it's so fun. Two of us so excited for this project I think to vote. It's like duct-taping your whole house. Who would want to be that? No one. Here's Tyvek Sebo. LOL Henry. Well we made it this far in the process with a few bumps in the road but we are nearing the finish line. Shredden.  Yo get me off here. Do us dude. I'm beat. I know. Dude like I'm actually dripping. And you know what I think should go on textbooks. When you're having a bad day restart your day. Copy in a cold jar. I think it was really nice. I don't say girl. I know we were backside but I'm pretending the backside of my house doesn't exist. I don't know why you keep it wet. I don't see it. Every shot I take is from this end. Okay as much as I'm pretending I don't have a bag of my house I'm not allowed to pretend anymore. Boss says gotta get it cocked and strapped. Well cocked and rolled. Maybe strapped. We'll see. However there is a problem. We're short AF. So I'm still looking for someone tall to come on over. I also have to rent a genie boom which is pretty silly for one piece. But it's also not silly because then well I don't fall off and burn my neck. Supervisor Bella told us we're not allowed to do it. No way moms. I like having two moms she said. Three, two, one. Donzo look at that y'all. Literally just had enough cocking.  It's so broken. Hello. Great choice of spot. Hello. That's why I got two meals. I got the veggie crunch tacos with corn tortillas. We all saw Chris's big burrito being made. I can't believe one time I thought we were gonna do deciding and waterproofing in one video. LOL. I tried to tell you it was gonna take us a month. Waterproofing. Take a day. Do you remember that? Oh wait I'm gonna take one week to paint. One week to blizzard. One week to strut. What's wrong with me? I just know that like as a newbie everything takes twice as long and then you're filming. And then if you run out of something the hardware store is too far away. How many trips is on the hardware store? Yeah I don't know. We need to chomp chomp and then clean up the yard because guess what everyone a special someone just texted us saying looks like it's finally sunny. I'll see you tomorrow. Does it ever feel nice to have a quiet clean space? Wow it's probably been a month since our porch and our deck have looked like this and I love it. We're having a little burn now on our dirt front yard and it's just remind me of cabin season one so much lights around in the greenhouse. Let's go see what the little lady's up to. Magic. Don't scare me. Sorry what are you doing over here little lady? I'm fertilizing the... Oh my gosh it's great. What are you doing with the hose over here? Everything's doing so wonderful in here everyone. Look at Kale. Just a little update. Look at the basil. She's growing. And I just did pick that basil the other day because I made a pesto pasta. Summer's back everyone. I love summer nights. This is perfect. It's the moment we've all been waiting for. They're gonna be so excited. Is that your best friend? Is that Porter? It's Porter. It's Porter. Morning. Porter's back. We are tackling the project of leveling out our front yard on getting that drainage and that easy slope into the woods so that way the water can run away. It is now dry enough that he can have his machine here. I'm just beyond thrilled. We've all missed Porter. I know you've all missed Porter. Things are getting done. Fun. And while Porter gets leveling you're probably wondering what is Jasmine doing with all that. It allows the water to irrigate through it into the French drain and run away from that cabin. So that just got done so fast and it looks like Porter's just pulled over. He needs some grease. We're gonna do some greasing of the excavator and it looks like he's gonna help Jasmine. What a gem. You want to do my machine? You learning? Going around in the tractor and just thinking how much I love watching machines. Like do you see the excavator? Do you see how far that is and they're bringing like no rocks? Excavators are like a whole different breed. Thank you Porter. I'll be back in 10 hours. I've been at Jasmine. Why? Because she was just smearing it on and you got to actually get it in the pit.  Yep, he said it. It's so nice to see Porter back. We tried to do the strapping but we can't resist watching the best show in the woods. You strap when there's an excavator in your yard. How'd you get so good at excavating? I don't know. That's so good. Hi Larry. All right, we're making good progress over here. I wonder if you could bring another load of fill. I got it on the truck right now. I'll leave in a few minutes. Awesome. Thanks so much. All right. Okay, see you soon. All right, Larry is back for another load of fill y'all and I don't know if anyone's noticed but the yard is going to be basically tripling in size. So the idea is that we're going to level it off with the driveway and a gradual slope into the tree line into the forest. That way we don't have any more flooding. Even on summer days it was happening. Not going to lie. It was just never drying. So we'll have a nice lush dry lawn after this. Not only is it going to be tripling that way and the yard going underneath the panels like gardens and all of that jazz. We're still designing that. So if you have any ideas on how we should design underneath the panels, let us know in the comments. We'd greatly appreciate it. We already have a few of our patrons giving us a few ideas in our texting group chat. You should join that if you haven't already, patreon.com forward slash fan wives and we text the room. It's like real life updates and the yard is also going to be going through the left side of the house. So over there wrapping around the back over to here. Porter just turned off his excavator to let Crystal and I know that it's scary working underneath the panels. He is literally like this close in the panels. Oh my goodness. I'm freaking out. It's better not to look. They're just so delicate. Those crack, right? The excavator is so strong. Oh my goodness. He's freaking me out. I think he's more freaked out than us. Let's be real. He's the one doing the job. What we want though is the ground to level up right to that pole so you don't see any of this cement or anything. It's just going to look phenomenal. I'm envisioning it right now. Are you? No. I can't think of anything other than the fact that he's underneath the solar area now. He's freaking me out. I can't watch. Nice. I'll go up there. No problem. I'm going to go get the blue skin then. Okay. I can't believe it everyone.  Look how high she is. How do you feel? Yes. I go get a hammer and crowbar. Okay. I'm coming up with big shakes. Don't freak out. No. That was good. You already got that off? Got some pole? What? One off. I actually don't mind it up here. I'm happy to hear that. You're better at hiding to me.  Crystal, you should wear this to your bachelorette party this weekend. What? So as a construction worker? No. It's Henry. Hi. My name is Henry Blue Skin. Last piece of blue skin. The girls think they're coming. I mean they technically could go to a bachelorette. Yeah, they could. Give me the light of the party. Come on, dogs. Got a bag of shoes? Yep. Fun shoes? Fun shoes. I love you. Bye, honey. Have fun. I miss you too. I miss you too. See y'all in a bit. I love you. Okay. All right. It is just Porter and I today and Larry of course when he makes the appearances to drop more dirt, a lot to dirt. Anyways, when I heard my neighbors brought in 26 loads of fill in order to level up their area, I knew right then and there, one, we didn't have enough money, year one to do that and two, we also didn't bring enough fill in. So now we are going to start making our way around the house. But first we need to move that scaffolding. It's too hot to go on that black. Hey everyone, this is about Porter and I do when the boss is in around. We chit and chat. Here we are. We just stand there. We've been standing on the stage and just talking. Story to story to story. Yeah, let's. Okay, I'm going to duct shape my mouth. Oh, it's light. Cool enough. Yeah. That's wet. Oh, that does feel nice. Got to her. I've hardly got any of this done. He is a fast driver today. Look at that berry all. The raspberries are coming in so nice. Those are shantarrel mushrooms. A neighbor just came over and asked if I wanted some. They're out harvesting right now. And apparently this year compared to last summer because it's been so wet, there are an abundance of shantarrels. And the reason the neighbor came over wasn't just to give me some mushrooms, but an important package came in the mail. Starlink. Our Starlink got hit by lightning. I'm so excited. I should set this up right now to be honest. Drink coffee. No, just these things. Thank you. Prime.  It is everything. We have been waiting so long to do this with the weather not cooperating and to it finally being sunny enough to do everything has dried out that we can do it. And thank you to Porter and Larry for switching up their schedule and coming on over to help us out. He's making it flush against the sonotube so you don't see that concrete. Crystal's at a bachelorette party and I wanted to surprise her with what I'm about to build. She's been wanting to do this forever. I've been seeing these designs on TikTok and I think they look nice. The biggest decision of the night. Where to put these? Even harder decision because Crystal's in here. After cleaning up the old Congee Queen and cement blocks from last year, Clementine meets Kitty Cat on the playing field and teamwork went a long way. Is that straight? Oh my gosh, tomato plant's so happy. Crystal should be home in a couple days and then we're both off on a plane. See you all in two weeks. Miss you. Love you. Sing it Bella.


And in the face of the current insecurity and economic challenges facing the country, Nigerians have been urged to support and pray for leaders to govern in a right direction. A religious leader, Evangelist John Nicolae Ido, who gave the charge at a press conference held in Oshogu Oshun State's capital ahead of the dedication of songs of Psalms 1-150 in the Holy Bible slated for April 6th this year at Wassami, Maryland, Kedja, Lagos. Addressing journalist Evangelist John Nicolae Ido said the motive is to remind the Christian faithful and communities to seek spiritual guidance, power of prayer, and to intercede for Nigerians' love, unity and progress, and to meet the economic hardship and security threat. As we dedicate those sacred songs to the Christian community, let us also dedicate our prayers to Nigeria, family seeking God's mercy, healing and peace upon our nation. Let us pray for unity among our people, regardless of their ethnicity, tribes, religion, or background. Let us pray for our leaders that they may govern with wisdom, justice, and integrity. I want to encourage Nigerians to use the Psalms that have been dedicated to pray against the insecurity and for the recovery of our economy. Let us annest the power of prayer not only for spiritual upliftment, but also for tangible transformation of our nation's circumstances. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Hi TechSoup users. Nonprofits find themselves serving more people and communities than ever before, but at the same time, traditional sources of funding are even harder to tap into. In this quick demo, we'll look at how GrantStation helps nonprofits find new sources of funding. Here we go. GrantStation members log in here, then start by reviewing the nearly 200 key terms grantmakers use to describe their focus and assess which areas of interest fit your nonprofit. You might want to take some notes for yourself about which terms seem to fit the best. Review any state and federal grants available. Private funders often ask if there are any. Then use the search terms to focus on private funders most likely to approve your request. All of them are actively accepting unsolicited LOIs and applications. Projects in Canada should look here, and US-based projects addressing issues in other countries should look here. For US-based nonprofits doing work in the United States, the US Charitable Giving tab is where you want to begin. You search the database using this panel on the right. Search national and state-based geographies, then areas of interest, target populations, and types of support to narrow down your search. Edit your searches in the current search criteria box. Contact and giving details are updated each year, and GrantStation's data is often more current than what appears on grantmakers' own websites. Review your projects, search criteria, specific grantmakers, and your plan in your own custom dashboard. TechSoup members can get a $99 one-year subscription to GrantStation on Tuesday, September 21 and Wednesday, September 22. Watch your inbox for details.


Mr. President, thanks to your commitment, thanks to your leadership and privatization, Conrail, our government-owned freight railroad, is no longer a ward of the state. Last week in the largest initial industrial stock offering that we've had in the history of the United States, Conrail was sold. And we were very pleased that we were able to maximize the price and also minimize the cost to the government, because in this instance we had the lowest gross spread of any comparable public offering, the lowest fees to the underwriters. We also had for the first time a special bracket for minorities and women-owned investment firms. And this gave them an opportunity to participate fully in all aspects of management of the public offering and gave them a lot of visibility and a lot of experience in the process. So we're delighted today to be able to present a check to you, which I hope is the first of many ten-digit checks, which will reduce the deficit. The first check is for $1,575,087,500. Now, you add to that the $300 million that we received in dividends prior to the sale of Conrail, and the government is receiving more than $1,875 million from Conrail. So I hope that this is just the first of many privatizations to follow in the wake of the Conrail sale, which was the flagship of privatization. Thank you, Mr. President. And I also want due credit for having appointed a remarkable and wonderful secretary of transportation. Elizabeth, those of you who are here today are to be congratulated for the crowning achievement in our privatization efforts, the hugely successful sale of Conrail to the public. The American people will receive, as you've just heard, over a billion and a half dollars from that sale, reducing the federal deficit by that same amount. And this, in addition, as Elizabeth told us, the over $300 million paid to the federal government by Conrail in the last few months. Conrail is the flagship of privatization, and the first of what we hope will be many government functions returned to their rightful place in the private sector. I think this Conrail sale is further evidence that the administration is doing its bit to reduce the deficit. And let me say something about yesterday's vote. It was a battle well worth waging, and there will be more. Our pledge to the American people to reverse the trend toward more federal spending remains strong. And it's time for the Congress to stand by the Graham-Rudman Hollings targets and not retreat. And I will continue to press forward for a sound, responsible federal spending plan.  Thank you all very much. Mr. President, when they warned you about security in the Moscow embassy, why wasn't something done? Well, we thought we were doing something, Bill.  Well, they said that the unification security is so bad that Secretary Shultz is going to have to go to a win-a-paco to have secure communications when he's in Moscow. Well, I hope he's got one one day.


What's up everyone? Take down here. Welcome back to the final episode of my four part series. Like I said, whenever I started this series, I might expand into other country's citizenship tests in the future. But as of right now, this is the final episode. Today, we're going to be finding out if my best friend who is American can pass the Canadian citizenship test. You guys watched the last episode in this series. Me being Canadian, I attempted to pass the American citizenship test and I failed. I only got 50%. So today, it's going to be all about Reagan rates to see if Jack can get higher on the Canadian citizenship test than I did on the American citizenship test. So let's get right into this. Okay, so today we're going to be doing the final episode and Jack is going to be taking the Canadian citizenship test. Jack is American, just like the last one or this pretty much whole series. It's going to be 10 or sorry, 20 multiple choice questions. Pretty straightforward. This is the same one that I took for episode one, but Jack didn't watch that video yet. We're recording it all in the same day just for it to make sense. Jack, are you ready? I'm ready. I'm gonna be. All right. So question one, what are three main groups of Aboriginal peoples? First Nations, Métis, Inuit, Akkadians, Métis, First Nations, French, English, First Nations, or early settlers, Métis, Inuit? It's not going to help you too much, but I can give you a tip. I am fifth generation Métis. I just feel like Inuits, and with the tip that you gave me, that that's two of the three. The early settlers just sounds a little corny. And if I'm wrong, then, you know, by all means, I do not mean to be disrespectful, but it just sounds a little corny. So I'm a little with First Nations, Métis, and Inuit. All right. This one here, by the way, does not give the results until the end. I should have mentioned that at the beginning. Who was John Bouchin, a popular governor general of Canada, a famous Canadian general, a Canadian army general, or one of the fathers of confederation? I'm going to go with the, what is it, the fathers of the confederation? Okay. That one there? Okay. Next question. When did the House of Commons recognize that the Quebecois formed a nation within the United Canada? The options are 2006, 2001, 1986, or 1972. It's basically when did they, when were they recognized as to form a nation? I would say I feel like it's pretty recent, but all of those are, you know, within the last 25 to 30 years. So that doesn't take some options or 2001? Yeah. 2006, 1986, or 1972. I think you just ruled out both those ones. So it's, that's 2000. So these are the one or 06? I'm going to go with 06. 06? Okay. Next question. Who is Margeois Turner Bailey? You're going to hate these questions by the end of it. Is, is, I don't believe that's a she. Is she a Olympian and a descendant of black loyalists, a famous Canadian settler, first woman to become prime minister, or a Canadian female athlete, the first Canadian female athlete? I'm almost certain this one's wrong, but this, I've got to go with first female prime minister. Okay. I feel like y'all are a lot more progressive as a nation than we are, and y'all have had a female prime minister and we haven't had a female president. The next question. When did English settlements begin in Canada? 1510, 1497, 1610, or 1720? Well, I feel like if memory serves me correct, they started settling, I think they started settling the U.S. in like late 1500s, early 1600s, so I'm going to have to go with 14, the 1400s. 1497? Yeah. All right. Next question. Who established the first European settlements? The English, the Irish, the French, the Spanish? Well, it's not the Spanish, because the Spanish didn't go that direction. They went more like Texas and Florida and Mexico and went the other direction. So I know it's not that, you said that would leave the French, the English. Yep, and the Irish. I feel like the English got there first. English? Okay. I don't know why, maybe it's because the majority of Canada speaks English. That's where I was going, was it? Yeah, yeah. Next one. Who passed the Quebec Act in 1774? Canadian parliament, British parliament, Quebec parliament, French majority. What was the year? 1774. Okay, so y'all weren't in the nation yet, because we weren't in the nation, and we were a nation before y'all were a nation. So it wouldn't have been Canadian parliament. I don't think it was French majority. I had to have been, what was it, the British parliament? British parliament, that's one of them. I mean, I'm thinking Quebec, Montreal, French, Canadian, thinking, I'm thinking that's French majority. All right, next question. Which act granted to the Canada's, I think that's supposed to be granted to the Canadians. I think they have a spelling error. For the first time, Freedom Act, Constitutional Act, Legislative Act, or Confederation Act. Okay, so it's not the second one. It's not the last one. I guess Legislative Act, at this point, I'm just guessing. Next question. Who was Lieutenant Colonel John Graves Simcoe, Upper Canada's first Lieutenant Governor, founder of Toronto, Lower Canada's Lieutenant Governor, founder of Toronto, Lower Canada's first Lieutenant Governor, founder of Ottawa, or the leader of the lawyer list? This one's a tricky one, because I don't think you know the difference between Upper Canada and Lower Canada. I have absolutely no idea. Forget Ottawa. Ottawa? Okay. Next one. When did British Parliament abolish slavery throughout the empire? 1793, 1853, 1807, or 1833? When did they abolish slavery throughout the empire? 1803, an option. No, 1807. Sounds good to me. Okay, that's the one I will choose for you. Next one here. Name three fathers of Confederation. Oh, I have to pronounce these names. Crap. Sir Ethene Pashko Tachi, Sir George Ethene Carter, and Sir John A. McDonald, or LaFortune Robert Baldwin, Joseph Howe, or Joseph Grant, Joseph Howe James McDonald, or Joseph Howe Robert LaFortune, and the first one, which I had a hard time pronouncing. C-philancer? That's what I like to hear. Which phrase embodied the vision of the dominion of Canada? Is it O Canada, my home and native land, dominion from sea to sea and from the river to the end of the earth, dominion from ocean to ocean, or the land of the free and strong? I'm gonna go with home and native land because that's the beginning of O Canada. I will say this. I chose the same exact one because I have no clue. Whose portrait is on the $10 bill? Sir George Ethene Carter, Sir Lewis, Hippoly LaFortune, Sir Ethene Pashko Tachi, or Sir John A. McDonald. We'll go with Old Panshee. Old Panshee got to be on some money. All right. What made it possible for immigrants to settle in Western Canada? A completion of the Port of Vancouver, the completion of the Canadian National Railway, the giving free lands to new settlers, or completion of the Pacific Railway. So unless y'all got a Pacific Railway too, because I know we got one. See, that's what I'm banking on the fact that y'all don't. Okay, I like this. So it's the Port of Vancouver. Port of Vancouver. All right. Watch Vancouver be landlocked. When were the Canada and Quebec pension plans devised? 1940, 1927, 1965, and 1970. This one was one I had to walk through, and I just had to think of the jobs back in those days, which would possibly have a pension. I wonder what it was, 1960. 1965. Wow. All right, perfect. What is Love France a phony? I do not know what that is. I had a hard time with this question. Is it a region of Quebec, a French musical instrument, a French music festival, or an international association for French-speaking countries? Sound like an instrument. Okay, you want that one there? Yeah. All right, just a reminder. I might be mispronouncing it right because I don't speak French. Well, that's fantastic. But you still want to go with your answer? I might as well. Okay, next one here. Why is Terry Fox a Canadian national hero? He inspired people to contribute money for cancer research. He became the first elected president of Canada. He was the greatest hockey player of all time, or he united Canada in the 19th century. Okay, so the greatest hockey player of all time is objective. So that's odd, obviously. Sounds like you can do some good stuff. Yeah. Uh, I don't know if I'm on the cancer research, but let's do the cancer research. Okay, next question. What are the responsibilities of the federal governments? This is why I said the U.S. and the Canadian one are very similar. So is it matters of the national and international concern, matters of national concern, matters of international concern, or matters of provincial concern? International and national. International and national? If it's anything like the U.S., I'm thinking it's international and national. Okay, next. Who has the right to vote in the federal election? A Canadian citizen at least 18 years old on voting day and on the voter's list? An adult Canadian citizen? An adult Canadian citizen and permanent residence? Or a Canadian citizen on the voter's list? Of the all-voting day 18-year-old Canadian on the voter's list. Perfect, bro. I'm going to be scared to get the results in a minute. Where do the majority of Canadians live? Rural areas, small towns, cities, or along the East Coast? This is the last question, by the way. Small towns? All right, so are you ready for the results? Okay, so. What? I thought you did so much better, bro. Well, you failed. Just like I did when I took the American one, but you only got a 30%. You only got six out of the 20 questions right, which surprised me because some of the ones that I thought you would get wrong, you got those ones right. I was shocked in those ones. But when I did this test in the previous episode, well, sorry, when I did the American citizenship test because I'm Canadian, I got a 50%. So taking the opposite country's citizenship test, I did better. But as taking your own country's citizenship test, you did better. So that was really interesting. This is the four-part series where Canadian and American try to take the Canadian and American citizenship tests. I think this was a lot of fun, but we're going to, for now, leave it as a four-part series. Depending on what you guys want, we might do a longer one in the future, and we might do other countries' citizenship tests in the future. But how did you think this one went, Jack? Definitely not, Canadian. Yeah, I definitely enjoyed this series. It gave me a new perspective. I will say a new perspective, definitely, because you think that you know things about your country, your neighboring country, but doing this proved us wrong. Big time. But anything else you want to say? I think, yeah, definitely. Exactly. This is also Jack's first structured video on my channel. Well, second, but we recorded these back-to-back. First series, pretty much we did. If you guys want to see more from Jack in the future, let us know down in the comments below, because we're always trying to come up with ideas. This whole series was actually Jack's idea. He actually had the idea of one video, and I turned it into a four-part series. Just to have more fun with it. But I'm going to leave this video here. Hope you guys did enjoy it. I'll see you guys in the next one. Please take care. Peace.


Welcome to the free email course How to Improve Your English Faster. If you're tired of studying and studying but making little progress in your English, then this course is for you. Although there is no magic way to become fluent in English instantly, there are tips that will help you learn faster and more efficiently. And that's what I'm going to teach you in this course. If you put these lessons into practice, you will definitely improve your English faster and make more progress in your fluency. Ready? Let's get started. The first step is to identify your biggest difficulty. From my experience as a teacher, the six biggest English learning problems are listening. I can't understand native speakers because they talk too fast. Vocabulary I don't know many words, and I forget everything when I try to speak. Pronunciation My pronunciation needs improvement, and I'm worried that other people won't understand me. Confidence I get very nervous when I speak English. Speaking I can't express my ideas in English, and I speak with a lot of pauses and hesitation. Grammar errors I make a lot of mistakes when I speak English. In the next six emails, you're going to learn specific strategies for solving all of these problems. Tomorrow's email will teach you some strategies for improving your listening skills so that you can understand native speakers better. I would love to hear from you, so don't forget to email me and tell me where you're from and why you're learning English. Thanks. See you tomorrow.


John, I am I had the at PEPCOM. I had the opportunity to check out a few well over the last week, including at PEPCOM, PEPCOM, I've had the opportunity to check out a few different air tags cases. And the first one I want to talk about is from Catalyst. And it is their air tag clip it case. And so you it unscrews the case does and you drop an air tag into it. And then, you know, it just pops in. It's got a little rubber shield to keep it from getting scratched up. And then you and anybody that's watching the video will see this, but I'll explain it to you. So it seals it. Well, it doesn't seal. It locks the air tag tightly in this little case that's about a piece of plastic that's about the size of the air tag. And then it has a clip that goes over the bottom of it that snaps shut. And you can hear it snap shut. That allows it to go on, they say, dog collars. They show a picture of it on a child's shoelaces. But of course, you could put it on like your backpack or something like that. And it, you know, I guess if you want to track your dog or your kid, this is a perfect way to do it. But also if you want to track your own stuff, if it's if it's got a strap, this is a way to do it. And and it like this lock is like I got to work to open this thing. So so there you go. That's that's the clippet case for air tags from Catalyst. And then I got a goodie bag from the lovely folks at spec who have also made a ton of different air tags things, carry cases and accessories, we will call them. The the first one up is their carabiner, which your air tag fits in the middle of and it has a it's a metal case with obviously a plastic sleeve for your air tag to snap into. And then it's got a metal, you know, D kind of D style hook that you can clip on to just about anything you want, which is cool. They have these things, John, called the Silly Loops S I L I loop and it's built to put your air tag in at the bottom on one end. It's a it's like a it's an oval, we'll call it. It's made of rubberized stretchy material. The air tag fits in the bottom, a circular part of the bottom. And there's this big oval loop that you can use to like loop on to your devices or your backpack or anything like your you could you could use this with luggage, but I have something for you for that. So that's the Silly Loop. And that's I think a case, a box of them or a pack of them, I should say is like 45 bucks. Then they have and I'm looking at the name here so that I can tell you the Silly Ring, which this is the thing you might want for your keys, folks, because you you have this little plastic case that you pop your air tag into. And then it has a thin cable that would be thin enough to go through your keys or really anything else. And you could pop your keys on this. It's got a screw at the at the end, which I of course can't see because I have a light in my eyes so that you can see me nicely. But but suffice to say it unscrews and you can put your keys on this thing. So that's that's the Silly Ring. And then, as promised, the luggage tag pro for twenty nine ninety five as their website says, it's a it looks like a carbon fiber style case that you put your air tag in and then it closes magnetically to keep things safe. And then the luggage tag does the rest by keeping it closed. But the nice part is it's not metal in any way. So it does not block the signal of your air tag. So you can put it in a sort of a traditional luggage tag that would be on the outside of your luggage and giving you all the range that you would want. And so all those those last four things for from spec. The first one was from Catalyst. And of course, we'll have links to all these things in the show notes at MacKicab.com. So.


Could be really looking at the map, which could help But oh that was nice What's up everybody? I'm EO rabbit We are here on for the horizon for on the mainland to do something today You haven't guessed by the title some of the hardest off-road rally stages. I've done in horizon for yet We are on our G920 full 900 degrees of rotation that active wing on this Car is pretty sweet So if you guys have been following you guys know that you guys can unlock the chem block racing uniform I've already completed this on expert to get my chem block Racing suit and hat but I wasn't recording at the time and I did not think about it But these were some of the most intense roads I've ever driven on so we're gonna do it again today with the wheel Logistic G920 still couldn't memorize these tracks You know, what's better than a seasonal championship in the summer? No, what's that? Not much really. Yeah, you're right So we're gonna do it again. We are on our G920 full 900 degrees of rotation hydraulic handbrake H pattern shifter gas break clutch underneath. We are gonna be doing this as you can see rock the full chem block uniform so I've done a lot of off-road Off-road races and stuff in horizon and I've done a lot on a wheel The force feedback update was supposed to help how the wheel feels. I feel like it has a little bit It feels a little bit better It's not perfect, but it feels a little bit better. The car is a little bit more controllable So we're gonna do that today, but like I said, these are some of the hardest Off-road Stages I've done so far and horizon four. So we're gonna have a little fun with this we're just gonna hop right into it and Go for the gust tail We are still I totally forgot about this turn They are still on expert mode and the gear ratios are so short on these focuses So I feel like this first race if you guys haven't completed this in order to get your guys's Chem block uniforms you might guys want to get on this because uh, it's pretty sweet it is Kind of challenging and this first one is not as bad as the second one Which is a lot longer and it's a point-to-point But like I said, these are some of the toughest Rally stages I've done in this game so far Don't want to lose that and you can see the the feel of the wheel Because I'm still on my normal settings that I've shown you in other videos. The wheel does feel pretty good It's not super uncontrollable. I can still give good control still Kept the slide the car doesn't really Slide too much out of my hands anymore. So I feel like the update has changed a little bit of how it feels separate we totally mess up that turn so You guys haven't tried these uh stages yet make sure you guys give this a shot. This is a Definitely not an easy feat on a wheel. I Could see it being a little bit easier on a controller But uh, you know, we're a full 900 degrees of rotation here on this channel never change sometimes it run 870 but That's just for the little buffer, but normally oh boy. We're on full 900 degrees And really high force feedback We have not broken our G920 yet, so that's something to be said It's about to rip the handbrake but the side not decided better of that. We're gonna slide a little counter steer Catch the car going to fit this car definitely likes fifth gear and you can pretty much stay in fifth through most of this section Just trying to play it cool.  Thank you I'm gonna try and do this without Missing checkpoints. Oh Kind of makes me want to get back into some dirt rally dirt for and dirt rally There's so many out there Dirt rally 2.0 coming out end of this month Definitely super excited for that. We'll be getting dirt rally 2.0 So there will be dirt rally 2.0 content here on the channel coming when it comes out on the 28th I believe is the release date So just so you know, there will be dirt rally 2.0 here on the channel. I'm gonna miss it.  I think we'll take second Oh Well, we would take second if I didn't miss shift my gears Well Wait, how do we take third? So confused. I thought we were in second Forza Apparently there was somebody else up there. All right. Well the aspect of today is just complete these challenges in this uh Very difficult Environment So we're gonna fast travel the next one to do the next race here and Well, this one I believe is probably the longest and hardest one I've done yet It's a lot of fun. There's a lot of tight sections. There's a lot of very tight turns and stuff like that So like I said, if you guys haven't gotten your chem block racing suit and muscle engineering cat you guys should probably get on this If you're on a wheel give it a shot, let me know if you've done it on a wheel Come let me know it on the comment section down below because I'd be very interested to see what other people's takes on this rally route is because It's pretty demanding. It's almost like a dirt dirt for a dirt rally Stage but here on horizon below the cars So you got that aspect in the mix as well as the horizon for dirt Car not handling as well as it should but I do feel the feedback has the feedback update They did does make it feel a little bit better. It's not perfect by any means, but it's better Does feel good. One thing I don't like is how long it takes horizon to load All right, let's go. It seems I fixed the clutch issue. Oh I don't have to be on the clutch in the beginning So the car doesn't stall out like if you're not on the clutch for the manual Car stalls on the beginning even though you're revving full RPMs Well, that's a good fix to know. I didn't know they fix that. Well, good thing we tested that out.  Oh Man, I forgot about this dirt. Settle the car down. Oh This is why I said it is one of the oh, oh boy one of the harder hardest rally sections I've done in Horizon 4 to date and I think this is a community designed one So kudos to whoever designed this Wow Tell her forget about that I should be looking at the map so I know where I'm going, but I'm trying to just Focus on losing control of the car. I swear. I'm better because I got my cum block But Here we go. Oh don't I don't I don't I So super sketchy Super sketchy trees rocks cliff trying not to die Because this is very tough on a wheel.  Oh That bump was not a good thing. What happened up here. Why are these guys all stopped? Oh Don't I oh As I say that we go head first into a tree Me This is not easy, you know, I keep saying this but Give the shot yourselves if you have a wheel oh My lord around here. Oh So many sharp turns So many tight hair pins and we're only 50 percent Done So and there's that a is that for the dirt oscillation that gets every for the user. Oh Get fracked Well, that's unfortunate We uh We managed to fail that then miss checkpoint But uh Just goes to show that you know, well This is not easy but it's doable some of the toughest roads We don't need that brick wall The toughest roads I feel ever put together in a race This car is all over the place on me right now. Oh, yeah, I forgot about that bridge. I Keep forgetting about this. I ran this once and I'm sitting here like I should know this track But there's no way to know this entire thing unless you did this a few more times Could be really looking at the map Which could help But oh that was nice.  This is demanding. I feel like the only time I've ever really been this Demanding in an off-road race is in a rally game But this is by far the hardest and roughest Off-road race section. I've done that was a nice turn Here on the horizon for I can see the finish It is up here wheel chattering 920 shaking almost coming apart Take up all my lanta So we managed to survive with only one missed checkpoint Definitely not an easy feat We're Unable to win this one. We won it once before But we've already completed This so if you guys like these types of videos, I mean around the comment section down below Don't care already got it So as always make sure you guys follow me on Twitter and Instagram all which found the script box below There's always I think you guys come back and watching I'm evil rabbit. I'll see you guys on the next one


Namaste. Welcome to the session design of asynchronous counter. At the end of this session students will be able to analyze and design asynchronous counters. These are the contents of this session. Now, let us know about the counters. Counter is a digital circuit which is used for counting elements, objects, operations in industries or any applications in terms of clock pulses. Both registers and counters belong to the class of sequential circuits. Now, let us take a pause and recall what do you mean by registers. It is a sequential logic circuit with a group of flip-flops used as buffer registers for temporary storage of data and registers are also used for shifting the data in various applications. Counter is the widest application of flip-flop designed mostly using JK and T-flip-flop because JK and T-flip-flop can be used in toggle mode. In counters, counting operation takes place in binary number system and counter output is decoded into decimal number system. Now, let us see types of counter. Counters are used in sequential devices or systems where operations are performed in a certain sequence. The basic types of counters are asynchronous counter and synchronous counter. In case of synchronous counter, output of first flip-flop drives the clock of second flip-flop and output of second flip-flop drives the clock of the third flip-flop and so on. In case of synchronous counter, there is no connection between output of first flip-flop and the clock input of the next flip-flop and so on. In asynchronous counter, all the flip-flops are not clocked simultaneously whereas in case of synchronous counter, all the flip-flops are clocked simultaneously. In case of asynchronous counter, designed implementation is very simple even for more than a number of states. But in case of synchronous counter, designed implementation becomes tedious and complex as number of states increases. Asynchronous counters are slower because the clock is given to the next flip-flop from the output of the first flip-flop whereas in case of synchronous counter, these are faster because of clock is given simultaneously to all the flip-flops. Asynchronous counters. It is also known as ripple counter since clock pulses applied are propagated from one flip-flop to next flip-flop. It is the simplest type of counter and also known as serial or series counter. A flip-flop has two states. Therefore, a group of n number of flip-flops will have two raise to n states. Sub types of counters as up counter which counts in ascending order then we have a down counter which counts in descending order and there is one more type of counter up down counter which has both facilities of up counting and down count. Now, let us see the design of 2-bit asynchronous up counter. Now, let us see two table first. So, as it is a 2-bit asynchronous up counter means here we are using 2 flip-flops and when 2 flip-flops are used there will be 2 raise to 2 number of states and these states let us consider as a 0 0 0 1 1 0 and 1 1. So, in the true table you can see inputs outputs and state changes. So, here in case of output we have q 2 and q 1 which is representing output of each flip-flop. So, the output of first flip-flop is represented as q 1 and output of second flip-flop is represented as q 2. In the column of outputs the output of first flip-flop that is q 1 is changing each time when clock is given, but q 2 is changing its output only when output of q 1 is high. So, here you can see output of q 2 is changed when output of q 1 is 1. So, here you can see there is a transition in output of the q 2 only when q 1 is 1. So, after this the output will be again 0 0. So, cycle repeats. In the last column that is state changes we have n c and t. So, n c represents no change. So, whenever there is clock applied and if there is no transition if transition remains same as 0 to 0 or 1 to 1 then there is a no change and when there is a change from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0 it is in a toggle mode represented by t. So, according to this table we have designed here as we know that in case of asynchronous counter the basic clock is given to the first flip-flop and the clock to the next flip-flop is given from the output of the first flip-flop ok. And as we are using here jk flip-flop. So, jk flip-flop is in toggle mode by connecting it to the high jk of both flip-flop is connected to high that is logic 1. So, here you can see there is a negative a triggered clock and output of first flip-flop that is q 1 why q 1 because the transition of q 2 happens only when output of q 1 is 1. So, we are giving here output that is normal output as a clock to the next flip-flop. So, here we have q 1 and q 2 output. So, let us consider output of q 1 and q 2 are 0 0. So, this is representing decimal 0. So, we are decoding this 0 0 binary into decimal 0 when next clock is given q 1 is going to toggle. So, it changes from 0 to 1 and output of q 1 that is 1 is given to the second flip-flop. So, there will be no change because here we require the negative a triggered clock, but as output of q 1 is 1. So, it is taken as a positive and hence there will be no change. So, according to this table you can see there is no change for the q 2 and there is a toggle for the q 1. So, as q 1 is changed from 0 to 1 and this 0 1 is decoded as decimal 1. So, here you can see how it is decoded it is from MSB to LSB q 2 to q 1. So, 0 0 then 0 1 when next clock pulse is given the first flip-flop is going to make the transition that is from 1 to 0 and when output of q 1 is 0 that is applied as a negative a triggered clock and hence q 2 will also change its output from 0 to 1. So, there is a transition. So, here you can see there is a toggle mode when next clock is given and this 1 0 represents decimal 2 and hence when next clock is given then we have the transition from 0 to 1 and 1 to 1 and this is represented as 3 and when next clock pulse is given again the recycle get repeated. So, in this timing diagram you can see at the first clock there is a transition from 0 to 1 for the first flip-flop then for the second clock there is transition for the second flip-flop and the first flip-flop also at every clock pulse for the negative a is q 1 is going to change its output, but q 2 will change when there is a transition of q 1 is 1. Similarly, we can design to beat a synchronous down counter. So, in case of down counter we have down counting as 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1. So, from this truth table you can see there is a always transition in case of q 1 and the q 2 will make the transition when output of q 1 is 0. So, here you can see when output of q 1 is 0 then only the second flip-flop toggles. So, let us see the operation of 2 bit asynchronous down counter with this logic diagram. So, when initially the output is 0 0 it is decoded as 0 when next clock pulse is given what will happen here is the first flip-flop is going to make the transition that is 0 1. So, here q 1 is nothing but 1 at the same time q 1 bar will be 0 that 0 is applied to the next flip-flop. Hence, next flip-flop will also do the transition from 0 to 1. So, hence from 0 0 the next output will be 1 1 that is decoded as 3. When the next clock pulse is given there will be always transition from the first flip-flop. So, q 1 will be 0 but q 1 bar will be 1 and hence there will be no change at the output of q 2. So, q 2 remains same that is 1 to 1 and this 1 0 represents 2. With the next clock pulse again there will be transition of q 1 from 0 to 1 and when it is 1 q 1 bar will be 0 that is applied as a negative a triggered clock and hence q 2 also changes from 1 to 0. Hence, this works as a down counter. So, similarly we have a timing diagram here. So, whenever there is a negative a triggered clock there will be always transition for the q 1 that is output of first flip-flop and q 2 will change when q 1 having output 0. So, there will be transition in case of second flip-flop only when q 1 is having 0 output. Now, let us see design of 2 bit asynchronous up-down counter. So, 2 bit asynchronous up-down counter is nothing but combination of up counting and down counting. So, we know that for up counting the normal output is connected as a clock to the next flip-flop and for down counting the complemented output of first flip-flop is connected as a clock to the next flip-flop. So, to have up and down both counting we have connected output of q 1 and q 1 bar with the help of OR gate and also this AND gate having one control input known as a M. So, M is a mode control. So, when mode control M is 1 then it works as a up counter because 1 is applied to the upper AND gate. So, it is always activated and when M is 1 then lower AND gate will be having 0. So, lower AND gate will be always disabled. So, it will do up counting and when M is 0 0 is applied to the upper AND gate. Hence it is disabled and 1 is applied to the lower AND gate. So, it will work as a down counter. So, in this way you can design asynchronous up counter down counter and up down counter also. These are the references. Thank you.