You don't need it. I'm Corbin. I am Rick. You can follow us on Instagram and Twitter. It's so juicy. Thanks for watching Patreon and follow us official Twitter account. No intro today guys. You don't need it. Nope. But because today is 1126 and so we are doing a few videos. We know that date obviously from the horrific incidents that happened that day. I want to say off the bat, people have, like when we do stuff on certain people's birthday, they say we're taking advantage of certain people's days. I'm sent this stuff by a group of people that ask us to react to it on certain days. That's all we ever do on this channel. So I want to say that just because, obviously this is such a horrific event, but we don't know much about it. And taking advantage, I don't know what that means necessarily nor do I care. Yeah, but I just want to clarify that for you people that will say that and I will block you. But today is the anniversary of that horrific event. So we have two videos in this video. One that's going to explain what exactly it is. And then I think another one explaining one of the heroes, I believe. I could be wrong. But let's just get into it. Because the only thing I know of it is from the trailers we bring. The trailers, right?  And they started to tell us about it. And I need you to know, it's shameful. I would really love. I'm looking forward to the day more Americans converge and get into OSR because so much of what we're learning, I wish every American here knew. Absolutely. They need to know about this. There's more going on in the world than just what matters to the interests of the United States. Yeah, but read the title for me. It's called 2611, martyr Sandeep Unikrishnan's legacy. Okay. I hope I pronounced that name right, especially since it's prefaced with martyr. Yes. And then it says the quint. Yes. Here we go. The quint I believe that hotel. The hotel. Yeah. What was 2611? And what was the Mumbai incident? Who was Sandeep Unikrishnan? There are people like that. Now what? Because it's India, you see, it's a democracy. So we have all the freedom to forget all this. Sandeep only told us to watch first. So I was not knowing what is happening now. We were not tuned into TV. Some people came from Pakistan and then they started shooting and then doing that. No, you could not believe that. That was the last conversation we had and he was prepared to go. I had the intuition that he also, he cannot sit at NSE campus there. He also would have joined. But I never expected that. Something like this will happen. I thought it was a small operation and it will be over in any time. We are not prepared for that. No parent will be prepared for that. See, maximum we will see that, okay, he may get injured. You are not ready for that, for a total loss. One of the person saved by him. He said that how he operated. So the fearless, his face was totally fearless. And then he even referred that no, sir, have you seen Mahavishnu's face in the calendar? His face was with that calm. I was not panicked at all. And then he took time to check the very minute details as to what is your, this thing. Are you thirsty? Are you hungry? They saved the last hostages also. The last hostages still is with me. And then he comes on 26-11, sit with us where Sandeep had fallen every year. The person who was saved by him was hit by seven bullets. Even Sandeep also would not have expected him to survive. But he told his team to evacuate him and then he went down. So that also we have learned from the people also behind him. And then he knew that it is very dangerous to go up and then he told them that don't come up, I will handle them. His own unit people, they say that I would not have done like Sandeep sir what he has done. When a soldier himself is telling that he has done something great which I could not have done. That is the what beyond everything. A good memorial is actually should be in the minds of people. Those who are more concerned about it. Many roads dedicated in the names of martyrs and leaders and something like that. But people will use the old name. And some people with that kind of an honour they write the full name. I appreciate that. That is enough, that compensates what is it. Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan road. Sometimes I feel that I have not done enough as a part. I always feel that I have not guided him properly. I could have taught him the nuances of a little bit of selfishness also. Important note about 2611. On November 26th, India will have marked the 11th anniversary of the 2008 Mumbai attacks known as 2611. The Mumbai attacks were committed by 10 Lashkar-e-Tabah members, an Islamic terrorist organisation based in Pakistan. They carried out 12 coordinated shootings and bombings at various important Mumbai locations like the historic Chitra... Forgive me for mispronouncing it. Chhatrapati Shivaji, Terminus and Naraman House, a Jewish community and outreach centre. These attacks went on for four days. One thing I want to add that I, myself just learned is that on 9 April 2015, the foremost ringleader of the attacks, Zakir Raman Lahdi was released on bail in Rabokindi Pakistan for about 2300 US dollars and disappeared. In 2008 this type of heavily armed, highly planned and meticulously coordinated multi-day terrorist attack was absolutely unheard of, which is why, since 2611, India has stepped up the nation's security immensely. Assistant police sub-inspector Tukaram Ombal is the name of the police inspector who succeeded in capturing the sole surviving terrorist with his bare hands. Tukaram Ombal was unarmed and had no bulletproof vest. He stood in front of Ashmal Kassab, grabbed the barrel of Kassab's gun as Kassab started shooting and prevented the bullets from hitting anyone else. Tukaram Ombal took over 23 bullets to his chest and abdomen from an AK-47 at point blank range. He did not survive. Wow. Wow. That's what you'll hear over there, man. Yeah. Geez. Glad I remembered to read that. Me too. And so we got one more video. Right. And this is, I believe, about him. Him. Okay. Say his name for me. Tukaram Ombal. Okay. Cool. 10 terrorists who entered Mumbai attacked different places, shooting and killing people at random. Though caught unawares, the police swung into action. Road logs were put at various places. One such point was Gidranjupati. And Tukaram Ombal was assigned to this checkpoint, something that he informed his family about too. On the phone with his family constantly, Ombal kept himself updated about the attacks around the city. And it was soon after that call that a silver scorer reached his check post. On reaching Mumbai, the terrorists had split up into groups. Two terrorists, Ajmal Kasab and Abu A's smile had opened fire at the CST railway station. After killing over 50 people, they then killed police officers Hemad Karkare, Ashok Kangte and Vijay Salaskar. And took charge of their police chief. Compelled to abandon the police squalors, the two terrorists then hijacked a squad car. And soon they were heading towards Ombal's check post.  On realizing that there was no way out, the two terrorists opened fire. In the exchange of fire, co-driver Abu A's smile was shot dead. At this point, Omle who had made his way towards the driver's side caught hold of Kasab's AK-47. In retaliation, Kasab opened fire. Omle took all the bullets. And even though he collapsed, he did not let go of Kasab's gun. This allowed his team members to reach and overpower Kasab and catch him alive. Unfortunately, ASI to Karam Omle succumbed to his bullet wounds. In the morning, I came to know that dad had been admitted. The elder sister called and said that dad had been admitted. So I told her that she was lying. I told her that I didn't know. The terrorists came to our house. Something must have happened to her. So I kept the phone and my dad's uncle came. I mean my uncle. So he said that dad was seriously shot. So after some time, he told me that dad was also not alive. The Mumbai siege continued for the next three days. And Omle's sacrifice got lost in the continued attack. But for his daughter, getting her father his due credit, then became the most important thing for her. Dukaram Omle was awarded the Ashoka Chakra. The highest award for courageous action and self-sacrifice. Some people used to say that you need a son out of four. So they used to say that my daughter is good. My daughter is like a son. We don't have a brother on Rakshabandhan. So we don't feel that way. That's why we used to keep dad. They used to say that I should keep dad. So we said that sometimes everyone has to go up one day. So what will dad say? What have you done for me? So they must give an answer. So they said that I will fight for my dad. So what dad has done, I will show people that my dad has done it. A.S.I. Dukaram Omle is no more. And if it was not for him, the Mumbai police could not have captured the sole terrorist alive. The only source of first hand information about the perpetrators behind the heinous attacks. Something that Mumbai and India will not forget easily. Even today, the Diwali festival is not being held in our house. So the people of Mumbai came to our house. They had brought sweets from their house. They did not even recognize us. They came to our house. So it was nice that the citizens of our country knew us. They recognized us. They did so much for our country. So we will do something else. We will do something else. This is the first we are hearing of these stories. Sorry about that. Better late than never. I feel like it is something I should have known. Of course. Already? Yeah. Because it sounds like a terrorist scale. It was a global 9-11. But sadly, because it was limited collateral damage for American interests, we didn't get it here in American media the way we would on other things. What year was it? 2008. Do you remember this at all? I remember it. I remember it only after we saw this. And I remember it solely as a blip on the radar of... I hate saying it, but this is the way I remember it based on the way it was presented. Another terrorist attack in a foreign country. It was another terrorist attack in a foreign country. Now, obviously when you have a personal nature of something, if I had had connection to India or even Mumbai, when the terrorist attack happened in Paris, that was one year after Alexis had just been in Paris. And we were looking on the news and she was like, I was on those streets. I was in that place. So that has an impact that hits a little bit closer home. But again, a terrorist attack in France gets way more coverage in America than a terrorist attack in Mumbai because it's a Western ally comparatively. There may be different reasons for that. So yeah, no, this didn't have, nor does it presently have, anywhere near the level of attention it ought to on a global scale. What say his name for me again? Takaram Omle. You are a hero, sir, and I'm sorry for your family and your loved ones. All around you, I'm sorry for obviously the entirety of India to have to go through something so horrific that these monsters did upset me that they said their names. I hate that. I don't know how much of it is a thing in other countries, but in America, we're kind of getting to the point where we don't say, obviously, since it's happening so much, like school shootings and any different kind of terrorist, they don't basically say the name. Yeah, I'm happy that this most recent shooting in Santa Maria, I do not know the shooter's name. Don't want to. You don't want them to get that kind of. No, because copycats then do those kinds of things because people wind up talking more about the perpetrator than they do the victims. Yeah, so I don't know how big that is in India, but obviously America's going through something right now, so it's a little different, but that's remembering all the victims today and all the loved ones who lost victims on that day today. That's all we love you and we're thinking about you today. And this kind of goes without saying in comments, please think and make this about love and comfort and empathy and not political divisiveness. That's not what this is about. This is about honoring the fallen and giving respect to them and extending compassion to the people who were personally impacted by this. Absolutely. Thank you.


I apologize to the member for Triskman Cochran for having to cut him off, but it is now time for member statements. The member for Toronto St. Paul. Everyone is preoccupied with COVID and justifiably so. But make no mistake, people are living through other nightmares, too, and need this government's help and shouldn't be ignored. I rise today on behalf of my community member, Durba Merkhaji. Ms. Merkhaji is the mother of the late Arka Shagreboti. Her only son was 12 years old when he died reportedly by suicide on June 21, 2019. Arka, according to his mother, and his own accounts, experienced both bullying and racism at his school and in his community. This is reportedly also documented in school and police findings. I wrote to the Minister of Education, forwarded to the Solicitor General and the Minister of Children, Community and Social Services about Durba and her fight for justice for Arka. No response. Durba has also reached out to the Minister of Education, requesting a meeting and demanding a public inquiry into Arka's death. No response, almost two years to his death. As if Durba's plate wasn't full enough, her 80-year-old father is fighting for his life in India with COVID. He has been her rock. Durba is alone in St. Paul's. Her physical and mental health is in crisis. And I am personally worried about Durba and her sanity. When will the Minister of Education and his colleagues find five minutes of humanity to give Durba a meeting so she knows her voice, her concerns are not going unheard? Please. Thank you. She's begging for the government's air and she deserves it. Thank you. Arka, your statements. The Member for Mrs. Saga-Multon. Thank you. Thank you, Madam Speaker. I will remember the day when I received my driver's license. I felt empowered. Immediately, the definition of distance changed for me. Every year, driving instructors help thousands of people, like our youth, those who wait for years for that first drive of independence. New immigrants whose job prospects could multiply with the driving license. Truckers who need their full G before moving on to their commercial license. I want to acknowledge and thank driving instructors for playing an integral and important role in our communities. A special shout-out goes to APDIO and ADSIO for their Ontario spirit. During these tough times, you have stepped up and has supported the community by delivering food and PPEs to the families in need. Mr. Speaker, in peel, in vehicle, instruction was only allowed for four out of the last 13 months, and due to pandemic, 294,000 passenger tests were cancelled. Once the drive test centres are open, driving instruction will have to work. Driver instructors will have to work overtime to fulfil the spike in demand. And Mr. Speaker, I want to acknowledge our office is working with APDIO to seek possibility of helping residents looking to get vaccinated and don't have transportation options. To this statement, I would like to thank Ontario's driving instructors for their hard work and their community service and wish them the best of success. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Thank you very much. Member statements? Member for St. Catharines. Thank you, Speaker. Today, I rise to encourage the Premier to prioritize essential workers and workplaces now. Residents in St. Catharines and across this province, workers are essential. This is why I was not shocked to hear on Friday when national steel car in Hamilton shut down due to an outbreak of COVID-19. It affected people in St. Catharines as their family members are essential workers there. This was because Ontario is deeply interconnected. This is why it takes provincial leadership to protect essential workers. Jeremy Sheehan and his family is an exact example of Ontario's failure to essential workers. Jeremy works at national steel car. His wife and his daughter both have COVID-19 due to workplace spread.  His family is experiencing that same loss of income as both income earners are now off sick. Mr. Premier, you need to do a better job protecting essential workers. Protect the workplace where COVID-19 is spreading. Ontario needs more consistent support for workplaces that are having outbreaks. Support companies to do more testing. They need to be vaccinated. Pay sick days are needed now. What we do not need is another announcement for announcements. Start listening to COVID-19 science advisory table, not your political staffers. It is your job to keep essential workers and their families safe. Thank you. Next we have the member for Scarborough Agent Court. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. As the grandson of a survivor of the Armenian genocide, it is my honour and duty to commemorate the 106th anniversary of the Armenian genocide of 1915. As both an elected official of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and as a Canadian, I am proud of the solidarity I feel with the people of Ontario and all of Canada when discussing the Armenian genocide and how Canadians helped vulnerable Armenians of 1915. During these darkest days, the Armenian people were blessed with the generosity of the Ontarians and Canadians whose moral fortitude to help stand by the grief-stricken Armenian nation and providing them with a new lease on life. Specifically, this started with the relief efforts to bring 120 orphan boys to Canada who were brought to Georgetown, Ontario. I am also grateful to the federal legislative and executive branches, the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia and Alberta, for standing up for truth and justice by recognising the irrefutable historical evidence and upholding Canadian values and traditions. The Armenian people need closure and healing. As long as the denial policy of the perpetrator is still entrenched in any school curriculum and indoctrinating the future generations and government circles, the peace and the closure which the Armenian people yearn for will allude them. The Armenian people for the world, of the world, want to put this tragic chapter behind them and move forward. Thank you once again to all Ontarians and Canadians who share with us this solemn day to commemorate all of those who have lost their family tree and their loved ones. Thank you. Member Statements. The Member for Scarborough Gilder. It is an honour for me to rise in the House to acknowledge the outstanding efforts of Seema David, founder of the Five in Two kitchens, a local hero whose efforts are providing essential services in my riding of Scarborough Gildwood. Seema immigrated to Canada in 2007 and while working to build a life for herself and her family, she noticed numerous food insecure, hungry and homeless individuals in Scarborough. Seema wanted to help and make a difference in her community and Five in Two, which was launched in 2013, was the answer. Scarborough was struggling with food insecurity even before the pandemic, exacerbated effects of poverty and hunger. The pandemic drove the need for food to unprecedented levels. Food bank visits in Toronto have increased by a staggering 51%. In Scarborough, the daily bread now trucks food to 26 agencies throughout the community and that's up from 19. Rising to meet this challenge, Five in Two added a second kitchen and grew its output last year from 1300 to 3500 meals and meal supports each week. The charity also started doing things like food kitchens and gardens to help residents. To Seema David and the volunteers at Five in Two, I say thank you. Thank you for the 474,000 meals that you've provided to our community since 2013 and thank you for your continued heartfelt support for our residents. Thank you. Member statements. The member for Hamilton Melon. Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. Speaker, the Premier ignored the warnings of his own science table and marched us right into the third wave of this pandemic. As hospital fills up, there are thousands of families in our province that are worried about their health, not to mention the millions of people enduring yet another lockdown. Last week, the Premier apologized, but he didn't do what was needed to get us through the third wave. When the government fails to this degree, my office gets swamped with calls. Education workers are constantly reaching out because they cannot access the vaccines. Essential workers have to go in each and every day without sick days and they can't get the vaccines either. I'm hearing from small businesses who still can't access the government grant program and can't even get a response to their inquiries. People have reached out angry about the province giving police extraordinary powers. More and more people are calling because they are confused about the eligibility of vaccine and they have no idea how to book an appointment. That's because this government makes confusing announcements and our public health has to scramble to implement their plans. Overall, the management of this pandemic has been a mess. The people of Ontario are relying on this government and it is failing. The government must listen to experts and give people paid sick days, vaccinate essential workers and provide generous supports to workers and small businesses in Ontario. Thank you very much, Mr Speaker. Thank you very much. Thank you. Next, we have the member for Markham Thornhill. Thank you. Thank you, Mr Speaker. This weekend, I received my first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine at the corner community centre in Markham. I want to take a moment to thank Dr Shivani, who administered my vaccine and all of the nurses, volunteers and the clock who made the process so seamless. Healthcare workers at the vaccine clinic across the province are working tirelessly each and every day to help protect the people of Ontario. One shot at a moment, one shot at the time. This has been a long and challenging year, Mr Speaker. Our healthcare workers, our essential frontline workers, they have put their lives on the line each day to keep us safe and help get us to this point. Mr Speaker, my wife is a healthcare professional. I have seen firsthand the hardship they go through each and every day. They cannot do this one alone. The vaccine are the light at the end of the tunnel. To everyone, my riding of Markham Thornhill and the people across the province, I encourage you to get the vaccine when it's your turn comes. Vaccine helped to protect us and the people around us, including our loved ones and our frontline heroes. If you are eligible for a vaccine, please book your appointment at covid19.ontario.ca slash book vaccine or call 1-888-999-6488. Together, we can win this battle against COVID-19. Thank you, Mr Speaker. Next, we have the member for Tamiskaming Cochran. Thank you, Speaker. It's been an incredibly tough year for everyone. We're 14 months in, but today I'd like to talk about a subject that today farmers across Ontario and for the last couple of weeks and in my riding for the first time in history, we're really going at April. It's plant 21, hashtag plant 21. And this is the time of year when farmers put in their seeds and when beef farmers have their cows, it's a special, special time of year. And the farming community is facing incredible challenges too. Now they're facing incredible challenges getting parts because of worldwide COVID disrupt, disrupt, disruptions. They're facing incredible challenges, but they are up to those challenges. There's a feeling when you go in the field, the first day when it's dry and when you're ready to go, you'll be preparing for this for months. And I think politicians could probably understand that feeling. It's the feeling of the first day of an election campaign. When all you're planning is out the window and you're just going, well, that's the feeling of the first day in the field or calving, the first calf of calving season. And it's that feeling, quite frankly, it's that feeling that keeps us fed. And I would like to thank the farmers across the province and the people who work for them for keeping us fed. Thank you very much. Thank you. A member for Mississauga Lakeshore. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. I rise this morning with a heavy heart to remember and pay tribute to a true icon in the Italian Canadian community, my friend Aldo Lista, who passed away earlier this month. Born in 1930 in Mondalto Fugo, a mountain town in Calabria, Italy, Aldo became an aerial photographer in the Italian Air Force and a goalkeeper for the national Italian military team. He immigrated to Canada in 1954 and started a family with his wife, Noreen, though he never lost connections to Italy, where his uncle married my aunt. While still learning English, Aldo went to work as a photographer at New Paramount Studio, where he pioneered an introduction of the first colour passport picture in Canada. By 1959, he bought the business at 366 Young Street and became the youngest business owner on the longest street in the world. In 1965, he moved to poor credit, a community he loved and spent the rest of his life building and serving. Aldo was also a visionary soccer coach, assembled teams that won regional, provincial and national championships. In 1994, with his wife, Noreen, he founded the old credit brewery company, which became one of the best and most loved micro breweries in Canada.  On behalf of all the members, I want to extend a sincere condolences to Noreen, Frank, Claudina, Giancarlo and Eugenia and the entire Lista family, Cordillianza. Thank you. Member statements, the member for Oakville. Mr. Speaker, and it's always an honour to rise in the legislature and bring in awareness to the importance of the Glen Abbey golf course in my community. It's not just a golf course, it's critical for local heritage, the environment and providing green space for Oakville. The golf course is a world renown and is hosted the Canadian Open a record 30 times. Oakville residents and indeed Canadians from across the country visit the course to witness professional golfers make history. Besides its cultural value, the significance to the environment cannot be ignored. The land plays a role for a nesting area for animals and is home to the Jefferson Salamander, which is an endangered species. There are many old growth trees that fill the property but are now at risk of being removed for development. I remain committed to protecting this national treasure and preserving it for future generations. The member from Oakville North Burlington and I continue to engage with residents, local elected officials and the Save Glen Abbey Group. Recently, we hosted a virtual meeting with the Save Glen Abbey Group and various ministry officials to address questions and concerns. I have also presented a petition to this legislature to explore various options to protect the land and importantly it was an honor to host the Minister of Heritage, Sports, Tourism and Culture Industries to Oakville a number of months back to visit the course first hand and see why it needs to be protected. My office continues to receive thousands of emails from residents in my raiding and across Ontario to save the course and I want to thank everybody who has written in and I will continue to advocate for protecting this great green space. Thank you, Speaker. Thank you. That concludes our member's statements for this morning. The member for Brampton East has informed me he has a point of order that he wishes to raise and I'll recognize him. Thank you, Speaker. I rise today with a heavy heart to seek the unanimous consent of this House to observe a moment of silence and memory of Emily Victoria Vigus, a 13 year old from Brampton who's become one of the youngest people in Canada to die from COVID-19. Agreed? Agreed. Members will please rise. Thank you. Members may take their seats. The member for Don Valley East has informed me that he has a point of order that he wishes to raise. I'll recognize him. Thank you, Speaker. I seek the unanimous consent of this House to observe a moment of silence and memory of Emily Victoria Vigus, a 13 year old from Brampton who has become one of the youngest people in Canada Vigur, I seek unanimous consent to move a motion regarding the immediate passage of Bill 247. The paid personal emergency now act. The member for Don Valley East is seeking the unanimous consent of the House to immediately move a motion seeking the passage of Bill 247. Agreed? No. I heard a no.


What's up everyone, Takedown here. Welcome back to another video. Today I am going to be unboxing a Marvel's Avengers Infinity War loot box. This one here you can get at Walmart. It ranges from $20 to $25. This one was on sale for $20, which is why I decided to pick it up. I've had an eye on some of the Walmart loot boxes for quite some time now. I absolutely love the Venom one. I really want to purchase it, but every time I go, they seem to be sold out. But I happen to see this one. As you guys know, I love the Avengers, so I decided to give it a shot. Plus, all of the Walmart loot boxes have a description and show everything that is going to be in the box. Some people like that, some people don't. Some people would rather just everything be a surprise. But for me, I'd rather know what I'm purchasing, especially for $20, to make sure it's stuff that not only am I going to like, but I'm actually going to use. So everything in here looks relatively good. Let's open it up and check them out. So I'm really excited to see what the mystery item is. It kind of looks like it might be an Infinity Gauntlet. Of course it's blacked out, so I'm not sure what it is going to be. So the first thing right on top is this card from the company that supplies the boxes to Walmart's Culture Fly. And it has a link to a website here. You can go and take a quick little survey for a 50% off online purchase. And with their online store, not only is it the stuff that they sell in Walmart for loot boxes, but there might be some that they don't sell at Walmart only online. So it's worth checking out and doing this survey. So I'll just put this up really quick so you guys can get the websites and check it out and get 50% off your order. So the first item in the box is a wall arts. And because the wrapper here, it has a terrible glare, but it is everybody, all the cast, all the superheroes from Infinity War. So that looks awesome. I really like this. Mine seems to have a little bit of a damage in this corner here. It looks like it's bent, but it just seems to be over the Avengers logo. So for me, I think I'm still going to put this up on my wall. It literally has everybody in it. All right, at least the main characters. So that's me is awesome. I like and stuff like this. So that is the first item. Next is the pin sets, which is for Groots and Rocket. So they look okay. I'm actually going to try to open it up here. I do collect pins. I don't look for them. But whenever I do receive them, I don't get rid of them. I always keep them. So these are really nice pins. I seem to like them. They're not the metal ones that I usually prefer, but still it's a pin. So I'm definitely going to be putting this up. That looks really cool. Next is this blanket, which normally in the loot boxes, I'm a little iffy on blankets. Number one, I always have a ton of blankets. Anyway, so it's not that I needed a new blankets, but to have an Avengers blanket, something that I might be able to throw over a chair or something like that, it seems to be interesting to me. So I can't wait to see what it is here. I'm just going to unravel it. It looks like a nice soft one. It seems like it's going to be comfortable. And it's larger than I expected. So we have basically, I guess that has a good chunk. Black Panther, Ant-Man, Star-Lord, Iron Man, Captain America, Guardians of the Galaxy. So it is really nice. The back is just plain white, which is okay for a loot box. Of course, you're not going to have a nice back to it, but it is really soft. It's more of a throw blanket. So something really light just to cover up with. It's definitely not going to keep you warm in the winter, but it is a fairly big blanket. I'm really surprised with that. But honestly, I love this. This looks like it's going to be definitely comfortable. And I am going to find a spot for it. It's probably over a chair or something like that. But it is a really nice blanket. I'm just going to stick it here for now. Next, I'm going to save the mystery box or the mystery item for last. But next is, I believe, the Tumblr cup. And I don't usually get these. I don't use them, so I actually don't own any. But this is one that it seemed interesting because it's all Avengers all around it. It comes with the straw, too. I don't know. For me, I don't know if this is something practical enough that I personally will use. I usually just stick with a water bottle. So I don't know if I'm going to use this cup too much, but if I ever need one, I guess I have one now. The main thing I liked about it and the reason normally I'll avoid these, but it's Avengers. So even as a display piece up on my shelf, I could see me using that. But if I ever needed a Tumblr cup, there it is. It's waterproof. So if I spill it, it's not going to leak out other than in the straw here. So I mean, it will get some use eventually, but probably with me not often. And next is this Infinity Gauntlet's mystery item. It actually says what it is on the back, so I'm not going to show you guys that. And I don't think I'm going to use it for the reason intended, but here it is. It actually has a pretty decent amount of weight to it. So there is the Infinity Gauntlet's, and it is actually a bottle opener. So as you guys know, because I mentioned this before, I don't drink. So I'm never going to need a bottle opener. So for me, it's more of a collector piece that I'm going to be putting up on a shelf. It looks really nice.  It's actually pretty heavy. I'm surprised I expected it to be lightweight or possibly just plastic. It looks like these stones here. My only thing with the stones that I don't like is how the one on the thumb is just a little circle where all the others on the fingers are oval, how it should be. And then of course you have the big center one here that is the yellow one. So I think that they should have made the green one here the same as all the rest, the longer one instead of just a small little one. But still it looks like a nice collector's piece, something that I'm happy to have because I don't have any Infinity Gauntlet's collector item or anything. So it's definitely something that I wanted. So I'm not going to be using it for the bottle opener, but this in my opinion, I'm going to say this was the best item. This box was only $20 at Walmart still, and I know this might not be worth $20 to most. But for me, this is the best piece that I've had out of this box. Of course, we have a pretty cool blankets. I have a pretty cool small little poster to put up on the wall with everybody that is in the movie, all the superheroes, and since I'm a huge fan, I absolutely love that. However, this collector's piece, in my opinion, I'm going to consider it a collector's piece, even though it's just a bottle opener. This is the best item that I got out of this box. So like I've already mentioned, I have my eye on the Venom box. I think there's a Spider-Man box and a couple other. I'm not going to be purchasing them all of the time, but whenever I find them, if everything inside it from Walmart, since it actually tells you what's going to be in it, if everything looks like it's stuff that I will like and be able to put either up on my shelf or actually use, then I'll purchase the box then and unbox it for you guys to see. But hope you guys liked this video. To me, the Avengers box was worth it, but of course everybody's taste is different. If you don't think you're going to use the blankets, you don't want the wall arts, you're not going to use this or you don't really care for it. It might not be worth it for you, but definitely check them out, which is why it's a good thing that Walmart actually shows everything that's going to be in it, except for the mystery item. And of course, like I mentioned in the beginning of the video, you can go on this website for CultureFly and see what other boxes that they have online that they don't sell at Walmart. So I'm going to leave this video here. Hope you guys enjoyed. Please take care. Peace.


everyone married espresso press design I hope you're all doing well thank you for visiting today is another charm and a little show-and-tell and the usual I started on the artsy stuff for the craft show it's quickly approaching this is a little frame piece not sure what price I'm going to put on there it's six by six so let me know if you have an idea what I might sell these for they take about three hours of my little bird I have at least one more to make maybe two but I don't have any more wooden frames someone Kylie found those for me in my craft group and I went up and and I didn't find any more so I've been I have a paper shadowbox paper frame I can use and if I want to make any more I can make another one of those but I think that'll be it for those I might do some collage on some mini canvases but I'm not sure yet I just want to do and I definitely want to try a couple of books okay shout out today to Mary Lola Rosa Joanne Suzette and Dana customers glad you all liked your product thank you so much for taking the time to give me a review I appreciate it very much what else didn't see anything the only thing I really watched this week was how to make those shadowbox frames because I forgot how I have one here already I did a long time ago I learned how to make a puzzle purse which took forever so if I can find a way to teach that fast enough maybe I'll do that in the future but that's about all I saw interesting so today this is almost this is so easy it's almost embarrassing but I hope you can catch that glitter on there you see there we go and the embossing okay today I'm gonna try something a little different because I don't think the embossing showed up enough and I'm gonna give you a little trick to make these little rivet like things if you don't have I do have a riveter but I can't do it myself or eyelet eyelet rivets whatever you want to call it okay so you'll just need what brought this on is my little scrap box this holds all cardstock little scraps and it's been sitting here forever and I went through and took out a bunch of colored ones colored paper like so and I saw it you know it's been sitting here forever generally I grab something when I need a small piece of cardstock but it's been there because I thought oh yeah I can stamp sentiments on that well that never happened too often so I thought I would make some little charms with it so that's what I did so you'll just need little strips or you can do a big bigger sheet postcard whatever emboss and cut those into strips and then I just they're about a half an inch and I glued two together made sure they were the same size glued two together and then took them over and embossed them so you'll need your little strips you'll need some glue and on top I just put some glitter glue so some glitter glue here gold and silver whatever color you desire and today I think I'm going to try to accentuate the embossing with some since I'm using bright colors I'm probably gonna try it with black ink and that's one thing I wish I would have I wish would have stayed a little more prominent and also what I did I embossed them before I glued them together so the backs are different a different emboss but since I like the pattern of this and but this one embossing folder better I'm just gonna glue them together and then emboss so as I said these are about a half an inch and I'm not gonna bother to cut them unless I have to and as you can see you know these aren't the colors we would normally choose but I'm using them anyway sometimes I don't mind bright colors use whatever whatever you prefer kind of color purple one down here let me say this is where to measure you make these any size you want the size of your scraps whatever usually to even things up I just take a pencil make a pencil line or it doesn't even matter I'll glue those together and cut them down after so I think that's let me say cut this one in half so we can get a pink one that's enough for me to get started here so the craft show is quickly approaching get these glued together and then I'll run over and emboss them real quick I didn't I don't have enough room on this table as usual to bring that over here but I think maybe next time if I'm lucky might be another create with me I am I wanted to I've been wanting to do one since June just haven't had time to make it but I finally thought of a finally thought of a project don't want to keep doing cards all the time but that's why it's been a little a little challenging to come up with items to make that I can do a quick video and then oh I forgot if you have some metallic paper like gold or silver or like that you can use that or you can just paint over a piece of packaging I didn't went over that with my marker pens I'm probably gonna do my corners too first because it took they were a little hard to get in the punch after they were embossed so I'm just taking my mini corner here or you can just do that with scissors see it and told you this was embarrassingly simple although I might have a might have another charm I don't know have to have to find the items I keep forgetting when I go to the store that are upstairs walking around school will be starting soon I'm pretty much giving up on summer I had this color because I did all those little purses for girls and then I had to come up with something for boys so I used all that brick color cardstock and made a whole bunch of those little six pack Hershey Nugget six pack hopefully that'll be good enough for boys because I do not have any paper or anything stickers nothing that would be suitable for boys I didn't feel like going spending a bunch more money so okay so there we go first step just gonna run over here through these in the folder and I'll be right back talk amongst yourselves or I should probably cut that out they all would say talk amongst yourselves speaking of which oh boy I don't know I hope this isn't talking out of turn what happened but something must have happened that she decided I'm talking about Gail Augustinelli here and she decided that she was no longer going to be doing Etsy shares real shame because it wasn't for her I don't know if I would ever be to sale on Etsy she's the reason she's the reason I even continued the tradition so if anyone knows what happened private message me because I want to avoid the same thing if it was something detrimental to a shop or to a channel I guess you never know these days so I'm just taking some black ink maybe I better use my stays on although I don't think my mental runs but I probably better go with this I'm hoping I thought about inking up my folder which would also be cool because I thought about inking up both sides of my folder and then you would get a different effect on each side of your piece I thought that might be cool I don't think I'm gonna don't think I'm gonna ink the backside just because you know I'll get the I'll get a different pattern and I think since these are very bright colors helps tone down those colors quite a bit and helps me keep the interest after I put the glitter which I thought since they are a charm I wanted to bling them up a little bit but you can also just you know I'm gonna show you that real quick and then I'll try one on the back and just to see how it looks see okay let's try it back see what happens but that oh that's not bad okay that's kind of cool so I guess I'll do them all and again you could do this with circles doesn't have to be these little strips I just my thought was I just want to clear this box out a little bit oh I can't wait until this show is over I can't wait to get back to more creative things and I am definitely going to tackle this room that's for sure okay so I think while I wait for that to dry a little bit I'll show you how to do these and I forgot to say you need two punches and I meant to look this one up but I'm pretty positive it's an eighth of an inch this these are those tiny tiny hole punches so okay be careful with this because these are gonna fly everywhere just gonna poke a little series of holes and you're gonna kill me gonna kill me for how fiddly this is but then you're gonna take your larger punch which quarter of an inch you're just gonna make some little metal reinforcers and I put one on the back and the front so there's another fabulous idea if you don't have the tools which I don't need during that is all well it's kind of on my list you know when I was doing those tiles I thought that would look so great with a rivet but I let I let rivet but mine I can't do it by myself to have my husband do it and I don't have a crocodile and since the rivets I don't want off the table I think it did the rivets and maybe the fact the length of it you know for this corner punch and all that I won't use it for that I'm kind of a point where you know my room as I said many times I only have so much space I'm not taking up another room at least I hope not supposed to be my daughter's painting room okay here you go there's your little rivets and then dry enough take your tiny hole puncher do that one it's cool little hole where you desire and then probably it would be a good idea just to make a little pallet with the glue on there with my finger no don't kill me this is the hardest part you know what it would help if I had maybe no maybe my tweezers are actually too big so actually I just scooped up one little side of the glue scooped it up yeah it's fussy all right there's my tweezers a tiny pair of tweezers will work better but I don't have any down here so just scooped enough on one side that's good enough long as it sticks I'm gonna do them all here on camera so we still have to do the glitter oh geez on my finger don't drop it keep it tight okay yeah that took the most time but you get the drift I'll do the rest of these off-camera okay wait a minute let me turn this paper over rivet okay are we 29 she's I thought this would take 20 minutes that's the best thing you do when working with maybe I'll do now let me see I was gonna make up some colored glitter glue but I didn't see how well this one does got to put a hole in that one really has any glitter in it okay I'll make that glitter glow dollar tree of course there's 10 times more glitter in the other one I can tell just by looking at it well you might like that not quite so much you might want yours a little more subtle or you might not want glitter at all and it takes forever to dry even when you could have very thin coat like I'm doing so I hope everyone's doing great I guess what oh boy I don't even know if I should relate this drove the whole way up to cherry Springs oh my daughter I wanted to do something with her before school and she wanted to invite her friend and her friend could only go on one day and the weather claimed it was going to be partly cloudy and then clearing in the evening and we get up there I'm never going there again in July that's for sure the height of summer and hoping for the stars to come out because she'll be waiting till 2 o'clock in the morning just 2 and 3 a.m. is actually the best time anyway so we sat there until 11 11 o'clock just waiting for it to get dark and sure enough instead of clearing it the clouds rolled in and there's virtually nothing else to do there except look at the stars so we had a picnic and that was about it I'm not going up there I'm not trying that again until like September or October I probably because these things so long to try trying to put the lightest coat possible so that don't have everything sticking everywhere don't forget you can do this in one sheet and then cut them up that would be fast that would be super fast but I'm just using scraps okay here we go gonna finish these up on camera if you can see the glitter on those because the black is kind of but it's there and actually I like those I really like those I can I can barely see the glitter myself so maybe I'll have to put another coat but it's there there you go and I might see if I can well maybe I'll just leave to because some are kind of you know shabby chic so that's two different styles okay you can see the glitter a little bit okay everyone that's about it I'll see you next time have a great week bye


So this is not the most exciting lecture ever. It's actually something I think about a lot. And something I always worried when I was a resident that they were going to ask on OCAPs. But they didn't really ask too many questions on this, on OCAPs or on the boards, as I recall. But I remember reading those books and being totally haunted by a lot of these tests and questions and things. So a whore-opter is the space or the points in distance that fall exactly on the same part of the phobia at the back of the eye. So your phobias have to be completely lined up on the same image there to get one binocular image. Panum's fusional area is a little bit bigger than the. So a whore-opter is like the physical. It's more of a theoretical point or theoretical points that line up that if you look at them, your phobias line up exactly the same. Panum's fusional area is a little bit bigger than that because when your eyes aren't perfectly lined up together, you can still see one image within Panum's fusional area. And that's what gives you stereo, too.  If you look at something, it's a little bit different from one eye to the other eye. But your brain can fuse it together and make it in stereo. So the stereoscopic image that you see, you can get that, is a little bit bigger than Panum's fusional area. So it's essentially the points in space that you can see that you can make into one image with both of your eyes working together. This is kind of what I was talking about.  They had to be similar in size and shape, which is something you think about in cataract surgery because you don't want to make somebody really anisomatropic or you cannot put that together, something we called anisoconia. What that is is a little bit different in each person.  And that is worse when you're thinking about glasses or things. That's why we cannot put unilateral cataracts in glasses because the prescription would be too big in one eye. You'd have to put a plus 15, plus 20 in one eye. And if you looked out of that eye, the image would be bigger than this one. You can put a kid in that, and they will learn to do it.  So fusion in areas near the phobia tolerates very little dissimilarity between the images. That means that that's because you've got your good 2020 vision right there around the phobia. You can tolerate a little bit more in your peripheral vision because your vision isn't really as good. So you can pull those in together a little bit better than you can something that's right center in the center of your vision. These are artificial subdivisions that they talk about in the book. Sensory fusion is the top of graphical relationship between the retinas, kind of what we're talking about with Panam area, where images on corresponding retinal parts come by before a single image. So that's actually when you're lined up perfectly. Motor fusion is what your eyes do to attain fusion. So it's what we see when you put up a prism in front of your eye and you can start fusing to pull it in together. Your eyes want to work together, which is why stirbizma surgery usually work. It's not perfect. We do it about usually when we do stirbizma surgery, move things back, and it usually works because usually if somebody is a fuser or if you can get them close to fusion, their eyes kind of lock it in. So whereas when they're way off, it's a lot harder to do that. Stereopsis is what I was talking about before. We test that with our monocular stereo vision. Yeah, it's a fine thing. Derision isn't that much different if you look out of one eye or versus the other eye. But, and like I said, it's slightly wider than Panam's area and adds a little bit of a unique quality to your vision. We test that using those little books in clinic. As you could see, how do they work? You can tell if you look without the glasses. Number one on the top is the one that pops out. If you look, it's actually giving a little bit different image to your right eye versus your left eye, giving that sensation of stereopsis. And these tests in the book, they get progressively harder. You have to have good visual acuity in each eye though to have stereo. So it's sometimes a way to test fakers in your clinic if they have stereo, which we see quite a few other peds. You have to have good vision in each eye to have good stereo. So you got to get all the way down to 40 seconds, the end of that TITMAS testing. You have to have 20, 25 vision in each eye. Which is kind of what we were talking about before in terms of you don't tolerate very much difference between the two eyes when you're talking about fusion, macular fusion. So if the vision is that the image is pretty blurry in one eye, you're just not going to be able to fuse that together. In peds clinics sometimes we'll use a stereo test that's, you know, you don't have to put the glasses on. This is called a Ling and have them pick these pictures. It's harder to see these without the glasses. Whereas, you know, you can kind of fake with these if you don't have the glasses on. You can at least see the first three or four pretty clearly without the glasses. Sometimes it could be a little better, sometimes the kids are a little better, but it doesn't nearly test the same amount of the cutity of stereopsis. But in kids you're often just looking for gross stereopsis anyway. What is gross stereopsis?  The gross stereopsis is this fly. We want to look and see that they kind of pull it up. If they go straight for it, just touch the book. We say they fail. It's kind of hard in kids sometimes. Usually if they scoop up the wings of the fly or if they really try to grab the top of the wings we know that they can see it. But when they go right for it and just grab at it. Because even if you can look, even with one eye it does kind of give a funny image. It almost looks kind of like you're seeing in stereo but you aren't truly. So sometimes that can be a little bit hard to tell on kids. But people with peripheral fusion who have a little bit of stirrismus and not as great a stereo, yeah. We want to see if they have gross stereos. So we'll test this. Which is quite a bit different than that first circle I think is 400 arc second or 800 arc seconds. So you're talking about 800 arc seconds versus 3000 arc seconds. The difference between their stereo from that first dot versus the fly. People are often worried if you don't have, and binocularity is what we're trying to get with stirrismus surgery, right? The earlier we operate some studies say if you don't operate to fix stirrismus but for like three years old you're never gonna get stereopsis. Those studies are kind of hard to do because you can't really separate out the kids who develop stirrismus versus the one who never had stirrismus. But this is what we're trying to get in kids when we do surgery early. And sometimes we get it and sometimes we don't.   After about 10 or 20 feet, most of your death perception is on an ocular cue so you're not even using stereopsis. I always kind of wonder like, I think probably the super elite athletes, like those tennis players and stuff probably have super, super stereo. Like they probably are able to see that spin, you know, and the baseball players and things like that. I think they probably have really, really good stereo. Maybe it's gonna hold them back from being an elite athlete, but other than that, not having stereo, I don't think it's gonna hold you back much.  You know, stereopsis is purely something we kind of test with those tests. Yeah, I think it does make it a little bit, it does improve your vision, but it's really only when you get kind of closed. So not having stereopsis does not mean you're not gonna have death perception. So much of your brain has vision radiations running through it. So, you know, any kid I see who has any neurologic problem is much more likely to have strabismus.  So, you know, and you learn about that where the visual radiations run and can tell us about strokes and insults to the brain and things. The optic radiations decussate at the chiasm and that's really essential for monocularity. People with albinism, you know, all the fibers cross, whereas, you know, most normal people, those nasal, just the nasal fibers cross. That means people with albinism don't have normal monocularity, but it's also the basis of the test that Creole does. So he, you know, can do a VEP and see how his response is different in albinox and that was really kind of the work that he did that got him on the map. But some kids that were wondering if they have albinism, especially the one, because they can't sit in an OCT very well, A and B, they've gotten a stagmus, their OCT isn't that good. So we're, you know, trying to look at their phobia to see, but we can shine a light and then record the electrical activity at the back. That's what a VEP is and their response is different than normal people. So visual information from corresponding retinal area runs through the lateral genicular body and is all interpreted at the back in the visual cortex. This is in your book, but I never have seen a test question about it in my training. Those magnostellular cells within the lateral geniculate nucleus are represented with peripheral retina. They're more sensitive to moving stimuli and insensitive to color, whereas the parvocellular ones are primarily in the phobia. They tell more high-resolution information about borders and color contrasts and they're important for seeing detail. The last cells there are less understood, maybe help you see the color blue a little bit better. When you're born, your phobia is covered by multiple cell layers at birth, which is problematic when you send kids for VEPs when they're really young because they don't really have a normal phobia yet. Also when you're looking in there and I've fed for albinism stuff, their phobias are not fully developed, but they develop pretty quickly. The photoreceptors then move around after birth and really all the cones localized to that phobia area.  You get an abnormal visual experience, abnormal binocularity. If you have visual deprivation to under both eyes, anti-symmetropia, astromismus. In, they've done studies, so if you close one eye in adults or in monkeys, things change and things grow and change. One thing that happens is that their eye starts growing more myopic. Sometimes we can tell that in kids that with amblyopia that sometimes kids have a little bit of a cataract and we're wondering if that's really visually significant or not. If you check their prescription and they're more myopic in that eye, it suggests that they are more amblyopic because of that. The other thing is that the lateral geniculate nucleus will shrink a little bit on the side of the decreased vision. And that's what they're saying here on this bottom thing. So people have such a hard time with amblyopia. They don't understand why they still can't see what the glass is. It's a brain problem. So what is amblyopia? It's a decreased vision in one eye that we can't see anything that causes it. So we're assuming it's the brain. So they've actually done studies where they look at kittens or monkeys where they'll sew one eye shut and their lateral geniculate nucleus is thinner on one side. So your brain actually does not develop, even physically they can tell the size is different in an eye that is amblyopic. And that's what it's saying here. That if you close one eye, one the lateral geniculate nucleus will shrink and then the open eye starts growing into that area, which is kind of interesting because that eye still is only 2020. So it's not like it gets, it's like a bionic eye or anything, but it starts to occupy that space but it's still thinner on the side of the amblyopic eye. So amblyopia is just that the brain does not interpret that information well and we can actually see that. And the only way to fix it is to force the brain to work by patching or penalizing the good eye. Yeah, they've shown that blood flow and glucose is lower during stimulation of the amblyopic eye, it's just not wired as well. And the only way to wire it better is to catch it early and force it to work. And that's why binocularity is not that as good in those kids with amblyopia because those binocular centers within the lateral genically nucleus just don't form as well. The critical period is that period where you want to catch people, catch kids, where you can actually reverse amblyopia. In the studies they've done, it's where they can unsuture that eyelid to make the vision better. And after that critical period, if they treat that or reverse the occlusion, they cannot make those columns within the lateral genically nucleus re-expand. So yeah, so that is what amblyopia is. It's reduced vision caused by a bad brain because the brain hasn't learned how to see. You have to learn how to see and so if one eyes closed, you're just not gonna learn how to do it. And when you have that, you're much more likely to develop strabismus. But strabismus is something that can cause it. Anisomatopia that can cause it. Much more farsighted than nearsighted. And hi, bilateral refractive errors. So bilateral amblyopia or what they say, amatropia. Why does amblyopia cause by anisomatropia? Sorry, it can be caused by optical defocus that can be from anisomatropia. If you have amblyopia for anisomatropia, meaning that your eyes are just two different shapes, so kids with hyperopia, if they're nothing in this eye and a plus three in this eye, if they are just looking far into distance, they're just gonna focus this eye and leave this eye three diopters unfocused. So that is why they develop amblyopia, just because this eye is always blurry.  So if they do have amblyopia from optical defocus, it's much easier to treat than strabismus. If you just put glasses on these kids, most of them will fix with just the glasses. And even up to like age 13, and she showed in up in PEDIC studies that they can get better. It doesn't usually develop during the first year of life, may not develop until they're a little later, whereas strabismus is much harder to treat. Why is that? Because their phobias aren't lined up. It's also because of optical defocus. They're not focusing that eye to make it clear. If they're turned a little bit in the right eye, they're looking with this side, this side is just not even gonna focus. They just kind of, they have abnormal accommodation usually, which develops over time because they're not using it. This develops earlier is much harder to treat.  So it's an adaptation thing that's good, but it's bad because you start to lose vision.  Patients with strabismus who develop the strabismus early and have normal retinal correspondence, meaning their brain is wired so that the retinas should line up together. They learn to suppress or turn off one image. It can be facultative, meaning you, it's not all the time. Yeah, they don't always have, they don't always have, they are not always suppressing. So yeah, like an XT, they're often using their eyes, sometimes it will turn out. So they're not suppressing 100% of the time. They have that in there, but it's only happening when that eye's drifted out. How do we treat it? We put them in glasses, we treat their amblyopia of patching or atropine, and we try to align them as early as we can with strabismus if glasses don't work. Can be a little bit troubled, hard in people who fuse, which is why strabismus surgery doesn't work as well in them because we just get them close and they don't put in that fusion. Anomalous retinal correspondence means that just the way their brain is wired is with the phobia of one eye lined up with not the phobia of the other eye. It's an adaptation in people who have strabismus to get some amount of binocularity. Sometimes these people, and this is kind of what they like, can't ask about and test some things. Sometimes after surgery, if you get them straight, they will still have strabismus because even though straight is normal for most people, it is not normal for them because their phobia in one eye and their pseudophobia in the other eye are not lined up. But if they have, and I've only had this happen once and the kid had dyplopia for like six months and then I went away, but yes, it usually goes away. These are the really confusing tests that you read about in the books. I've never actually had a question on these, but a red glass test in a person who has harmonious anomalous retinal correspondence with an esotropy, you can see in that right picture that their phobia is lined up with their P, their pseudophobia. So in a normal person, their phobias would be lined up in this person, their right eye is crossed. So their brain has learned that, or has adapted so that they're trying to get some amount of anocularity when their phobias lined up with their pseudophobia. And that is why when they look at that red light, they blend that red light in the right eye with the left eye, and it becomes a pink light. Whereas when you fully correct their esotropy and put the image on the true phobia, they see diplopia. Unlike non-harmonious, where they kind of have that pseudo fusion or just that very peripheral fusion when you correct a little bit of the esotropia. When you correct all of the esotropia, they get diplopia. When you correct some of the esotropia, they can kind of fuse it. But walking around there either have diplopia or they have suppressed the image. Whoopsie. So with this red filter test, and somebody who has NRC or normal retinal correspondence, if they have an exotropy, they have cross-topopia. And that's where they put a red filter in front of one eye and tell you where the red image is or where the red light is. Whereas somebody with esotropia is gonna have an cross-topopia. We're four dot testing is something I do quite a bit. Just trying to figure out what people's visual experience is. It's kind of hard in kids sometimes. You put the red lens over the right eye, the green lens over the low left eye, the right eye sees two reds, the left eye sees three greens. But if they're fusing together, they should be see four lights. It can be hard in people who are alternately fusing because they'll say I see two or in people who can kind of alternately fuse. In general, that's the classic teaching. Two, if they see two or three, they're suppressing one of the eyes and it depends on which way you put those glasses on. If you see four together, if you see four together, they're fusing. You can also use the same crossed or uncross. If they're seeing that the lights crossed this way, they have an XT. If they're uncrossed and they have an ET in there. Sometimes when people's eyes look straight, yeah, they're having some kind of funky thing going on where you can't really figure out if they can use the rest together. So it can be really helpful to use this. They're seeing five lights. Yeah, they've got either double vision or they're alternately suppressing. So that's like, if they're ET and they're looking out of this eye, they're gonna see the two red. But then if they flip behind the glasses, they're gonna tell you to see that. So they don't necessarily always have to plop you if they see the five lights, only if they see them all together. But sometimes they'll say three, two, three, two. Monofixation is when people have some amount of peripheral fusion is kind of when they have a little bit of strabismus and they're trying to get some amount of binocularity, these people will suppress a distance. So they'll say, oh, I see two rights when you're looking far away and then when they come up close, they see four. This can be, what's up my next slide. These are people who have peripheral fusion with the central scatoma. So these are the people who come in and they're like 2040 and one eye and 2020 and the other eye and you can't figure out why and you dilate them and they've got the same prescription between the two eyes. And you do a cross cover test and you can't see anything and then yeah, they either have a very small misalignment that you can't see or they've had some kind of astropotopia that's resolved by itself. These people have stereo, that's why they have the monofixation syndrome but it's usually reduced, it's not normal. So they can maybe see a couple of the dots popping up and they can maybe see the fly but they can not get all the way down.  It's harder to treat usually than anything with anti-symmetropia. They say that this is a good outcome of somebody with congenital esotropia.  If you do stir business surgery and you get monofixation, you should say you have a good success. Yeah, these are bagelini lenses, Bob likes to use these but yeah, they can, you can interpret their crossed and uncrossed apopia, you can also get torsion that way, bless you. They're lined up, so one is at 135 degrees and one's at 45 degrees on the eye. Somebody, if you're looking together and they have orthotropia, they're straight, they should have a nice X. If they're suppressing their right eye, you're not gonna see that, you know, you're not gonna, oh, sorry, if they're suppressing their left eye, you're not gonna see this one going this way. So you're only gonna see this one. They have a little, I think this would be pretty hard for somebody to say, but it's missing in the middle. I don't usually use these lenses but you should know about them. If they have esotropia, you know, they have uncrossed apopia, right? So this right eye's gonna be shifted this way and then you're gonna see it as a V, whereas if they have exotropia, it's gonna be shifted this way because they have crossed apopia and then you're gonna see it as a V in theory. That's what this says. Yeah, and this is just explaining it. You can label the phobia and have a look at the after images. Oh, this is another similar test. It's kind of the same thing. I've never done this one, you know. But you kind of label the eye with a flash of light and then the same thing if it's, you know, if they have normal retinal correspondence, they're gonna see them together. If they have anomalous retinal correspondence, they're gonna see them as a T or a backwards T, prolific T. Sometimes on the oral boards, they like to ask weird questions like what is this device? I've never actually seen one of these, but it is called an ambioscope and it's somebody can sit in there and kind of dial in exactly what they have. So it would be a way of telling exactly how much in primary gaze, and it's pretty much just just primary gaze, how much isotropia they have, how much hypertropia they have and how much torsion they have. And then you can just read it out from a calibrated scale. So it's good for people who were binocular at one point and then for some reason were not because now they're getting double vision and try to figure out how to make them straight again. It can be really helpful for figuring out exactly how much torsion they have because sometimes that can be a little bit difficult to assess. You can use it for exercises to try to kind of get people to fuse a little bit better to overcome suppression and can increase their fusion amplitudes. I don't think anybody really does that though. It's just kind of an old school machine, but they do sometimes ask those weird questions on boards. What is this? Computer's frozen. This is what's called a land craster, a red-green test, where they, I prefer to use these. I prefer to use a double-mattox rod to tell what torsion is. You put two lenses over the eye, two double-mattox rods over each eye, shine a light with a Femhoff and then they should see two lines, one red, one, I usually do one red and one white, but you don't have to. And then you try to get them to move the little dials to, I usually make them parallel with the ground and parallel with each other. Sometimes they'll start fusing them and if you want to, you can throw a prism in there so that they can easily see that they are parallel to each other. Somebody who has different alignment in different fields of gaze, you can test their torsion. These are ways to measure torsion. You can measure with this, what we call the land-caster-red-green test, which is this test here where you wear these glasses and then the examiner shines a light and then the person shines their light and they try to, and they make them overlap with each other. So it can be useful for figuring out things like fourth nerve palsy or just any kind of incombinant strabismus where it's different in one field of gaze. Yeah, here's somebody with bilateral superior oblique palsy. You can see that they're not as, this is primary gaze, but when you go into down gaze, they start getting more torded and more esatropid. So after all that really fun stuff that you don't like to think about unless you do it all the time, strab was nice enough to put together some questions. Guess that's how you guys want to do these lectures now, which is great. We can go over these questions together. So which of the following essentially rules out the diagnosis of mono fixation syndrome? So we talked about mono fixation syndrome. It's just people who are trying to get some amount of anocularity when they have either anisomatropia or at like a small angle strabismus. So they are peripherally fusing because that is what, they have some kind of skatoma there, but they have peripheral fusion that they have bi-immaculate fusion. They do not have bi-immaculate fusion. So they do have peripheral fusion, yes. They do have absence of bi-immaculate fusion. Why is that? Because their foveas are not lined up. Their foveas are not lined up physically, and so they're trying to get some amount of anocularity with what they've got. So they do have that two lights seen on distance worth for that test. That just means they're suppressing. So yes, they do have that usually because they are suppressing most of the time. They have a little suppressant skatoma. They have peripheral fusion, and they suppress on worth four dot. Do they have 60 seconds of arc stereo? No, they don't. They don't usually know much stereo. They have about 200 or so. So they can see the fly. They might see the first or second or third circle, but they aren't gonna see much more than that. And that's what this all says. Oh, she said 59 minutes. Well, yeah. With the fly, yeah, you're just looking for gross spary octaves. Kids are not always great at these tests, but you'd be surprised. Some of them are pretty good. But the superior oblique insertion forms 51 degrees with the visual axis. What is the primane action of superior oblique? So why do we have a superior oblique, and why is it controlled by its own nerve? It's mostly to twist your eyes. So it works mostly if you tilt your head to the side. It will rotate your eye back the other way. So it's an evolutionary development. And I think it's more, they think like something to do with like fish or being buoyant and things.  So yeah, so if you tilt your head this way, you know, it's twisting, it's working most in this eye, so it's twisting your eye back to keep them that way. Which is why somebody with a superior oblique policy is gonna tilt this way. But if you tilt them this way, that eye's gonna go crazy up this way because it's not turning in and it's not pulling down to make them right. So you can just think of the superior oblique mostly as an intorter. It's, that's this mains function, which is why if you wipe it out, you look at somebody, if somebody comes in with a bilateral superior oblique policy, it can become, you know, it's usually after trauma and you'll look at them and they look dead on screen in all fields of gaze, but they tell you they're miserable. But then when you look at, like do a Lancaster Red Green, you'll see that they've got crazy torgene in down gaze. So they just can't fuse that torgene because that's the main purpose of the superior oblique. It's just to torque it. And it works more in down gaze. So the superior oblique works when you're, it pulls your eye down and in and twists it. So mostly twists, pulls your eye down and in. So what is the main action of it? It's an intorter. If it's in extreme adduction, I mean, that's where you look at the obliques is when your eye is looking at your nose. If it's going too high up, your inferior is working too hard. If it's going too far down, your superior is working too hard. So when you're looking this way, it pulls your eye down. And what does it do in abduction? It's still a torgor. So that's kind of what this says. So yeah, it's got that funny angle, but I think it's easiest just to think about the superior oblique. If you're looking to the side and your eyes going too far down, the superior is overacting. If it's looking too far up, it's overacting. So what is its role? It's mostly a torgor because that's why you get so bad with somebody who has a palsy of it. But it also pulls the eye down and you can see that if you look in and down. Thinking about it this way is like too confusing for me. I mean, I can't think about it that way, but I don't really. I think about it more like if I'm looking at somebody's versions and I'm looking around and I'm wondering what muscle's overacting. Yeah, I'm looking how the eye moves when it goes in towards the nose, if it's too far down. And you don't see superior oblique overaction very often, but you see inferior oblique overaction all the time, right? If you look this way and the eyes go with crazy up that way. I haven't looked at these. What are we on time? Are we close? Should we watch this straw or not? Yeah, I mean something to you. You guys can watch it on your own time. I just thought it was easier for me to visualize it with a video then. I guess we'll watch it and we'll see what it says. Because this is so exciting. Hi, understanding the actions of the extraocular muscles can be frustratingly confusing, so I hope this video helps. You may also want to watch a video on eye movement terminology for this. Which one? 158. The 23 degrees, the superior and inferior recti are aligned with the axis of the eye. They therefore act purely to elevate and depress the abducted eye. The superior oblique acts to be in taut and the inferior oblique acts to extort the abducted eye. When the eyes are ducted, the inferior oblique and superior oblique become the main elevators and depressors. The superior rectus now primarily in tauts and inferior rectus primarily extorts. How can you remember these eye movements? Well, I draw a simple diagram. This diagram shows the abducted eye due to lateral rectus, with elevation from superior rectus and depression from inferior rectus. It also shows adduction from medial rectus, with elevation from inferior oblique and depression from superior oblique. Finally, for the intorsional and extortion, simply turn the eyebrows into arrows. You don't have to remember all the lines up with this axis, this axis. I don't even remember them ever asking questions like that. I think it's just more important to just realize if they're lined up with their whatever angle, when they're in pure, whatever, it's always gonna be the same. It's not like it's an abductor in one gaze and an adductor in the other gaze. Yeah, the superior oblique is an intorter. It pulls the eye down. So the inferior oblique is an elevator is best seen in adduction. So we look at both of them in adduction. You are contemplating bilateral medial rectus recessions at a 45-year-old with long-standing ET during the course of your preoperative exam. You determine that he has anomalous retinal correspondence. What does that mean? It means that you measure 40 on their, with their ultimate prism cover test, but when you put up 40, they're depopic. If you put up something else and they're not depopic, yeah, then that means that they've got anomalous retinal correspondence. So which of the following may happen shortly after your surgery? Well, you're gonna operate for that what you got on the APCT. But after, they have, so you've corrected all their esotropia, you look at them and now they're straight, but they're telling you this, see double vision. So what kind of double are they gonna see if they were ET and now you've made them straight, but they're feeling like they're XT. Are they gonna have singular monocular vision? No. Are they gonna have monocular depopia? No. Are they gonna have uncrossed depopia? No. Well, if they're XT now, they're gonna have crossed depopia. XTs are crossed and ET's are uncrossed. So this is just saying, yeah, now if you've made them ET and they were ET and now you've made them what you think is straight, but their brain is wired to not be straight, if you've overdone them now, they're gonna be XT. So they're gonna have paradoxical depopia. I've only had this happen in one person and he was an albino and he was really XT. He, one of somebody else that operated on him before and he was really XT, he had like a 40 to 50 XT, so I fixed him. But then on alternate prism cover test, he was still XT, but he was depopic. But then I could never get rid of his depopia if I put up the prism and things, but after about, I think I said, well, I can put your eye back where it was. And he's like, yes. And the dad's like, no. But even when I put him back in is like four, he still couldn't fuse it. So he had some kind of altered the doctor, but it did go away eventually. He was, does that make sense? Cause I think I understand what crossed and uncross meant. Oh, it just means if you're like, it's what you could see with the worth four dots. So if you have, like, if you're seeing two lights with your red eye and three lights with your, and you're trying to figure out if, you know, with the fourth four dot or Maddox rods or whatever. So you're seeing these, you've seen two lights with the red eye, right eye, and you're seeing three with your left eye with the green. And if you're trying to figure out if they're crossed or they're uncross. So if they're exotropic, their eyes, and this tells you well, if you're, yeah, so if you're exotropic, your eyes turned outward.  It's confusing. It's the same thing like everything's upside down on the temporal. And that's it!


Hey everybody, welcome back to Magic Orthodoxy. My name is David and this is a deck review. Hey, today we're going to look at the artistic spring playing cards from Nicolet Arroy. This deck, the Artistic Spring Deck, was a Kickstarter project. It was successfully funded. This deck, the Artistic Spring Deck, is a very stylish, very fresh take on their traditional style of poker playing cards. There's really beautiful tints, really creative layouts, and the whole composition of this deck, the aim of it is to put a modern art interpretation onto nature and to take inspiration from all the pastel colors that you see in bloom in a traditional Scandinavian spring season. So the goal of this deck, what Nicolet wanted to do, was just generate a very positive spirit and a very good mood. The front of the deck has all the pips right there on the top, and it does say Artistic Spring playing cards designed in Denmark. All of this right here, this is all embossed, and so that's pretty cool. This says 54 playing cards right there on the side, and this side says designed in Denmark, and this is also embossed. The top has no writing and nothing on the tuck flap, and the bottom says they were manufactured from the Legends playing card company. That is pretty much it for the tuck case. Let's take a look at these cards. These cards are printed from the Legends playing card company, and they are done on their emerald finish, which makes for really great handling cards. The back design is all done in these beautiful pastels. It's kind of like a light orange and a light turquoise.  The colors of the back design also mirror the faces, so this blue color that's on the back, this is also the color that's used for the black cards. And this orange color that's used on the back is used for the faces of the red cards. With this deck, you're also going to get two full-size jokers. They have an X on the top and the bottom, and a star in the middle. On both jokers, the font is done in red and black. However, they vary in consecutive color from joker to joker. The faces of these cards have a shadowed, lined watermark in the background, and the faces also have a thin white border. That makes for a really beautiful spread. You'll also notice that all the pips and indices in this deck are all completely original, as are the quartz. The quartz are original as well. There are no faces or figures on the quartz. The quartz are simply a stylized font. K representing King, Q representing Queen, and J representing Jack. Alright, so that is it for this review of the artistic spring playing cards from Nikolai Arori. As always, recommend that you like this video just so other people can find it faster. We also recommend that you subscribe to this channel just to stay up to date on the latest in cards and card magic. Now, if you want to follow me on social media, you can. I'm at facebook.com.magicorthodoxy and twitter.com. Thanks. Bye.