I would have never thought that I could get into a fan company, to be honest. And in the end, I did get into a fan company and five offers. Guys, this is Dr. Nancy Lee, Director of Product from DrNancyLee.com. I help people transition from worker B to a product manager and business leader. Today, we had a pleasure to have my student, L, to share with you how he became a product manager at Facebook. And he also got five product manager offers during COVID. We're going to share with you all the secret behind the scenes, how to prepare for interview, how to increase success rate, and what specific strategies and secrets you should use so that you can achieve your dream offer as well. To learn the most effective way to become a product manager, you should check out this free webinar. We talked about how I got four product managers within 60 days during the pandemic. If you like any of the tips we share with you today, please smash the like button and share this video with other aspiring product managers. So let's get started to learn about Facebook product managers. Today, I had a pleasure to have my student, L, join us. He is a Facebook product manager and he has a lot to share with you guys regarding how to get a job in fan companies like Facebook, how to get prepared, and also what his advice to you if you just get started with your product management career. Hi, L, how's it going? How are you? I'm doing very well. Thank you so much for joining us to share your knowledge. Thank you for having me. Great. Do you want to quickly introduce yourself and as we join fan company, want to hear all your experience getting into fan? Sure. So my name is Al. I've had a little over 10 years experience in developing and launching technology products. I've been trying to get into fan companies for over a year now. I've tried several other programs like product gym, but didn't achieve the same results as Dr. Nancy Lee's program. In fact, I was overwhelmed and at the end of my job search, after entering Nancy Lee's program, I ended up with five offers. So I've had like several product roles in my career. They all seem to fit in with my knack for machine learning. In my most recent role, I worked in a team that tries to understand how people move in physical space in big box retail stores. So with the current situation or the speed of innovation, I stand by my choice in being a product manager and building exciting products with cutting edge technology that help address problems for consumers. I love finding simple, elegant solutions for complex technical problems while motivating the team and driving business impact. So if you love finding simple, elegant solutions and doing the same thing for solving problems for people, then Dr. Nancy Lee's program will definitely get you on track to being the best product manager in the market. Awesome. Thank you all. Congrats. By the way, five offers within like three months. That's very fast. And also congrats or join Facebook. Would you like to share any secrets? First of all, what the interview process of Facebook? Can you tell us more? Sure. A high level overview was it's like any other tech company out there. It's like the usual. You're going to submit your resume either through network or referrals. I just submitted a resume and applied. The next step of that would be HR phone screen. That's the first interview with HR. And then I moved on to the PM phone screen, which was the two interviews that I embarked on. And then the last one was also a phone interview. And that was more of a chemistry test. Mind us that we're just trying to come out of COVID. So everything was done remotely and by phone. Each interview that you'll be working in at Facebook will be taking about 45 minutes and follow one of the following themes. We've got the product sense, which is where you'll be tested on product design and strategy execution, where you'll be tested on data analysis and prioritization skills. And the third one is like leadership and drive, where you'll be asked to demonstrate how you can be an empathetic leader. Some of the product sense revolves around how you identify who to build for, what are their needs and how you focus on creating value and impact. Some execution questions will be revolving around how you set the right goals for the product and measure against them and how you identify frame and evaluate trade-offs, which is very important in product management field. And some of the leadership questions will be revolving around how you earn trust or take ownership and also how you process and grow from past experiences, failures or successes. And so I also had a technical interview because the position that I did take up is a technical position. I was asked to dive deeper into technicalities of my most recent job. And this was more of a discussion of certain builds and dependencies of products that I have built in my most recent job. Awesome, thank you. So among all different kind of interviews, some say you have four types of interviews. So which one do you think is hardest and how would you prepare for those interviews, especially as a part of manager Facebook? I know it's very hard to get in. The chance of getting in is less than 1%. So tell us your secret. So to answer your first question, which one was hardest for me? It was definitely the technical one. It was quite technical. But I loved it and I did it with passion and a smile on my face. However, to prepare or address your second question, how I prepared was basically this program, the Dr. Nancy Lee program helped me solidify my product knowledge and brought out the experience the best way it can be presented in an interview. The course work was well thought through and the time to value was indeed very quick. If you follow the exercises, attend the classes and watch the videos, I assure you you'll be well prepared for even the toughest questions. The following is what I did as well. So what I did was I dove deep into product and organization. So as you probably figured out from like the examples that I've told you about earlier is that you can't become a PM at Facebook without being familiar with the company's products. So it's good to have an account, play with it a little and you'll need to do some homework. The next thing is brush up on product fundamentals. If you're already an experienced PM, then this step doesn't really apply to you. But just to reiterate, Nancy's coursework provides a great subsidy in gaining this knowledge regardless of what level of professional you are. You need to learn and understand a consistent method for answering PM interview questions. There's plenty of frameworks that Nancy has taught us in the coursework as well. As mentioned, Facebook will ask you certain questions that fall into this category and also behavioral design, strategy, estimation, and metric questions as well. So approaching each question with a predefined method or the framework will enable you to build strong interview habits. Awesome. Thank you. This also gives the audience a reminder. We do have lots of free training on YouTube, a different kind of framework. You guys should check out this video about how to answer, how to design an app for blind people. So feel free to check out this video and learn our free framework starting from today. Yeah, go ahead. Yeah, so another great thing that I did was I practiced by myself. So I did several recordings every day to make sure that I had the flow and I was most understandable in the best way. And then I also tried to find people that were experienced PMs to also mock with. And you should also try this and practice with experienced PMs as much as possible. They'll be able to give you much more accurate feedback than friends and peers. So if you know a product manager who can help you out, that's fantastic. But like for most of us, it was tough to find the right connections to make this happen. This is where the mentorship program at Dr. Nancy Lee's program will definitely help you. Getting the job was step one. I wish I would have had this mentorship to help me excel through my previous notes as well. Cool. Thank you. Yeah, if people don't know about our mentorship program, it's that we recently launched a VIP mentorship program, which I have a lot of connections from like fan company, Google, Facebook, lots of my students. They wouldn't hear it such an out yourself.  So therefore our alumni network become much stronger. Yes. I encourage everybody to come back and help more. Awesome. So let's do this. I also have another follow up question regarding what do you wish to know before you become a product manager? I know you represent a group of people who aim to join like Facebook, Google, this company. Now you get here, if you can look back, is there anything you wish I've known earlier you could done better so that people can follow your past as well? Sure. As I mentioned earlier, getting the job was step one. I wish I would have had a program like this that would help me excel in my previous jobs. When I first started my PM job, I had so much anxiety in doing well and didn't know how to conduct my job the best way possible. I wish I would have found a mentor earlier to help my career and excel it in a way where I would feel so much self accomplishment. But back then, there were hardly any programs that were like this. Product management has been evolving over time. When I embarked on this career, there were certain frameworks that I wish that Nancy would have provided for me back then if we're looking in the past. There's frameworks right now that is part of Nancy's program that are really, really important in succeeding. This would have springboarded my knowledge and understanding in this field much faster if I had those frameworks. I would have had ammunition for me to make better decisions on the job as well. Although I learned on the job, I'm sure that a program like this would have been handy to enable me to build better products over the course of my career. 10 to 15 years back, if I'm looking back, coming from a person who had no experience at the time, I could have used a good mentorship program as well. This would have given me great pointers in how to answer interview questions better and what tools to bring out of my toolbox when faced with different situations in a normal day of work for product managers. Awesome. Thank you for sharing with all your wisdom. Now, one last question is, now you're starting a new job in Facebook, what would be the new career expectations you want to see yourself growing into once you join Facebook or any exciting news or product you want to share with us? Sure. So my career has spanned over a long, long period of time. I've been a principal PM in different companies and that's the highest level that an individual contributor could be at. I would like to see myself in a more managerial position where I would lead a team of senior PMs and PMs to continuously build products that will tend to our everyday lives and solve problems for customers and bring huge impact back to the companies that I work for in the future. Awesome. Thank you. This is also one of the reasons that related to why you want to work in here to be a mentor for others because I see how it's part of the quality of growing into a leader. Yes, no, definitely. Helping people see their potential is definitely one of my goals in life because I would have never thought that I could get into a fan company, to be honest. And this program really changed that perception for me. And in the end, I did get into a fan company and I'm really grateful for it. And that's why I want to pay it forward and continuously mentor anybody that thinks that they can't do it and show them that it can beat up. Thank you for sharing with me. I was so touched when you said that you never saw you could get in because always being perceived as someone who's very confident. Thank you for sharing with us. And final message to everyone who's watching this video is that lots of time people tell you or you thought you cannot achieve that goal. No, tell them no. All you need to do is focus on what the best strategy to get there and never give up. Thank you so much for sharing with us, Al. Yeah, thank you for your, thank you everyone. Awesome. Do you have any last minutes, like the tips and summary for all the audience who's watching us right now? Sure. For everybody that's watching and aspiring to be a product manager, chin up, work hard, and you'll eventually get there. Continuously making wonderful products to change our lives for the future. God bless. Thank you. Thank you so much. All right. So this is our sequence interview of product managers in different top tech companies. And feel free to comment down below and let me know who is the next company you want to talk to regarding product management. Thank you so much for joining and also thank you so much, Al, for joining us, sharing all your wisdom. All right. Have a good day. See you guys. Bye.


CHAPTER XIII of THE RAINBOW-CAT There was once a fairy who took a great fancy to a tiny white lamb.  She used often to come and visit him in the meadow where he lived with his mother, and she was very anxious to take him to a fairy party some evening. The little lamb was shy. What do you do at the parties, he asked. Oh, dance, mostly, said the fairy. But the little lamb explained that he didn't know how to dance. I will soon teach you, said the fairy. After she came every evening when her day's work was done, and showed the little lamb how to dance, and he soon learned to skip about quite nicely. At last a day came when the fairy took him off to the party, but his mother made him promise to come back the next morning. She knew the ways of the fairies. He enjoyed himself tremendously. All the fairies admired him very much. They thought his coat so beautifully white and soft.  He gave them all rides on his back in turn, even the fairy queen had one. And when the time for dancing came he did very well indeed, and astonished them all with his pretty steps. When he left the fairy queen presented him with a garland of daisies. They are fairy flowers, she said. They will never fade, and so long as you wear them you will remain young. When the lamb got home he had great tales to tell about his happy adventures, so that he became quite a celebrity, and everyone made such a fuss of him that he got rather proud and silly, and after a very short time would hardly speak to his friends. Of course this vexed them very much, and the wicked old rat who lived in the mill-pond, and was always ready to do any one an ill turn, suggested a way to pay him out for his pride. While he is asleep I will gnaw through his gay garland that he is so proud of, she said, and when he goes out walking he will lose it, all of which happened just as she had planned, and so the foolish lamb lost his fairy garland and grew older like any other lamb. His friend the fairy did not come to see him for some time. She was very busy helping on all the spring things, and had no time for visiting. When she did come again she was very disappointed to find that the lamb had grown into quite a good-sized sheep, fat and comfortable. His wool was no longer downy and white, and he had entirely forgotten how to dance. Where is your magic garland, said the fairy, and he had to confess that he had lost it. The fairy went back to her friends. She really did not feel that a big solemn sheep would be very welcome at their rebels, but every year in early spring when the new lambs are born their mothers tell them the story of the lamb that was invited to fairyland, and they all go skipping about in the meadows, practicing their dancing steps. Each of them hopes that he may one day find the magic garland and never grow old and staid and be able to go of visiting to fairyland. After all it must be lying about somewhere, so if you find it you'll know what to do with it, won't you? But be sure to give it to a lamb with a black nose. There's so much the prettiest. End of Chapter 13 Chapter 14 of The Rainbow Cat This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Lynette Calkins, Monument, Colorado. The Rainbow Cat by Rose Fileman. Chapter 14 The Magic Umbrella There once was a wizard who possessed a magic umbrella and, being rather careless in his habits, he had the misfortune to leave it behind him in a small country town where he had had an appointment to meet a friend in a marketplace at midnight. He left it standing against one of the wooden market stalls, and there it was found next morning by a farmer's wife who had come into town to sell her butter and eggs. That's a good strong-looking umbrella, she said to herself. If no one comes to claim it, I shall keep it. No one made any inquiries, so she took possession of it, and when she went home in the evening the umbrella went with her. Now, as I said before, this was no ordinary umbrella, but was possessed of magic powers. If you held it open in your hand and counted three and then stopped, you found yourself in your own house. If you counted five, however, you found yourself where you most desired to be. But if you counted up to seven, you were immediately carried away to the top of the nearest church-spire. Now all of this the farmer's wife was quite unaware, and you shall hear what befell her in consequence. It chanced to be very wet on the next market day, and when presently the rain began to drip upon her bonnet through the canvas roof of the stall, she was very glad to be able to put up the umbrella and shelter beneath it. It was about three o'clock in the afternoon, and she had sold most of her eggs and butter. A little boy came along and asked for three fresh eggs. There you are, my love, she said, the last three. She held the umbrella in one hand, and with the other put the eggs into the boy's basket. One, two, three, she said, and instantly she found herself standing in the middle of her own pleasant kitchen, with her basket on her arm and the open umbrella still firmly held in her hand. You can imagine how surprised and puzzled she was. She hadn't the faintest idea how she had got there, but she decided to say nothing about it to anyone. When presently her husband came in for his tea, he asked why she had come home so early. I had a bit of a headache, she said. The farmer gave a great guffaw. Come, come, mother, he said. You must have been dreaming. There's been no sun today, neither in town nor country. Well, maybe it was the damp that got into my head, said his wife. I think I'll go to bed and have a basin of hot gruel. Although she went to bed and had the hot gruel, and by the next morning she had almost forgotten all about her queer adventure. Nothing more happened for some time. The weather was warm and sunny, and the umbrella stood unused in the corner of the kitchen. But one day the farmer's wife decided to go in to see her daughter, who was married and living in a village a few miles away. It was a very hot day, and she thought it would be good plan to take the umbrella with her to shade her from the sun. After dinner she and her daughter went for a walk upon a neighboring common, and when they had gone a little way they sat down for a rest on a warm dry bit of grass by the side of the road that ran across the heath, for they were hot and rather tired. What a lot of motorcars there are on this road, to be sure, said the farmer's wife, who held the open umbrella over her head. One, two, three, four, five. I wish I was in one of them. No sooner had she uttered these words than she found herself plumped right into the middle of the nearest car, in which were sitting an old lady and gentleman and a fat spaniel, all fast asleep. You can imagine what a scene there was. The dog barked, the old lady and gentleman were furious. Stop, stop, they cried to the chauffeur, who was driving on quite calmly and taking no notice at all of the noise going on behind him. As for the farmer's wife, she was so astonished that she could not say anything at all. What next, stormed the old gentleman, foaming with rage. What next, I should like to know, how dare you get into our car, how dare you, madam? Where are we coming to? A pretty state of affairs when a man can't go for a ride in his own car, without being molested by impertinent strangers. Scandalous, scandalous, I shall report it to the police. The farmer's wife had by this time managed to get out of the car, but she was so bewildered that she was still unable to speak, and long after the angry gentleman had driven off with his wife and his dog.  Her daughter, who came hurrying up, was also very much astonished. What on earth made you do that, mother? She said. I couldn't believe my own eyes. But her mother could only shake her head. She couldn't make it out at all. Never, never had such an extraordinary thing befallen her. I'm afraid I can't be very well, she said at last. I think I'll go and see the doctor tomorrow. So the next day she went to see the doctor. It was rather showery, and she took the umbrella again, for she had never thought of connecting it with the strange things which had occurred. The doctor felt her pulse and looked at her tongue. You've got a touch of thingamabobitis, he said. You must be very careful. I'll write you a few prescriptions. You must take a pill every three hours, and a pink powder every two hours, and a blue powder half an hour before every meal. And you must never, on any account, let your nose get cold. It's not dangerous so long as you are careful. Come again next week. By this time the sun had come out, and as she was much taken up with wondering how she was going to keep her nose warm, the farmer's wife forgot all about the umbrella. Next day, when she went to fetch it, it was gone. I don't know what happened to it, nor who has it now, but let me give you a word of warning. If you come across a stray umbrella, pray, be careful not to do any counting while you have it open in your hand. It wouldn't be very pleasant to find yourself suddenly hanging from the top of the nearest church-steeple, now would it? CHAPTER 15 THE FOURTH ADVENTURE OF THE RAINBOWCAT By this time the rainbow cat was getting a little tired of traveling about, and decided that he would go home and have a good rest after his many exertions. But on the way back he had to pass through the ever-after country, and the people who lived there were most pressing in their request that he should spend a little time with them. The ever-after country is inhabited by all the fairy tale and nursery rhyme people who go to live there when their adventures are over. Cinderella and her prince have a beautiful castle there, where the glass slipper is kept on a red velvet cushion, in a little gilt cabinet, and shown to distinguished visitors. Cinderella never had another pair, she said they were very uncomfortable, and of course she was always afraid someone might tread on her toes. Her two disagreeable sisters have a little house of their own. They have taken to gardening, and keep bees and chickens, and are all together immensely improved so that everybody is quite fond of them. They are rather sensitive about their past, and are both alas a little lame, because as you will remember, they cut pieces off their feet in order to make them smaller. Snow White, too, lives in a castle with her husband. The Seven Dwarfs have a fine carpenter's shop on the estate, where they are kept very busy indeed. They make the most lovely little chairs and tables for Snow White's children, and do most of the work of that kind required by the dwellers in the ever-after land. Red Riding Hood and her grandmother have a pretty cottage close to that of Cinderella's sisters. Red Riding Hood often runs in to have a chat with them, and they are very kind about sending in honey and eggs for the old lady. Of course there are many, many more people.  Little Miss Muffet, who is still a bit afraid of spiders, Boy Blue, Mother Hubbard, Aladdin, it would take me all day to mention half of them, but they are all there. Not one is missing. The Rainbow Cat stayed with Fatima, Bluebeard's last wife, who lives with the two brothers who saved her life by their valour. Poor Fatima has never quite gotten over the dreadful shock she had when she discovered the other wives all hanging up, and she can't so much as bear the sight of a bunch of keys. As usual, the Rainbow Cat was most kindly welcomed and was introduced to all the important people in the place. They were always delighted to see strangers, as sometimes they feel that things are a little dull after the exciting adventures many of them have been through. On the third day after his arrival he was invited to a great banquet at the Palace of the Queen of Hearts. It was a most wonderful banquet. The Rainbow Cat wore his best bow, his dancing shoes, and the gold collar which the giantess had given him. He took his mandolin with him. It had been most useful to him on several occasions, and it seemed a pity to leave it behind. He met a member of friends at the party, Puss and Boots, for instance, and the Pussycat who went to London to visit the Queen. Like Whittington's cat was there, too, but he gave himself great airs. It seems that wasn't really quite certain whether he was a fairytale cat at all. Some people thought he was real. It was silly of him to be so stuck up about it, but it only amused the Rainbow Cat. They were about halfway through the banquet when there was a slight pause. The meat course was finished and everybody was waiting for the sweets. At that moment a servant came quietly in and whispered to the Queen. She became deadly pale and half rose in her seat. What is the matter, Your Majesty? said the Rainbow Cat, who said in the place of honour at her right hand. He's done it again! said the Queen in a low horrified whisper, sinking weakly down again into her chair. Who has done what? said the Rainbow Cat. The Nave. Stolen the tarts, said the Queen with an agonized look. They're nowhere to be found. It's all my fault. He begged so hard to be taken on again that I gave him another chance. Oh, why did I trust him? Isn't there anything else? asked the Rainbow Cat. Nothing, really, replied the Queen. You see, they're very special tarts. I make them myself. And thanks so much of them. What shall I do? Don't worry, said the Rainbow Cat, send round to all the pastry cooks for anything they have ready, and, meanwhile, I'll sing a song to fill up the time. The Queen was much relieved at the suggestion and gave orders that messengers should be dispatched immediately to buy up all the available tarts in the place. Meanwhile the Master of Ceremonies was bidden to announce that their distinguished visitor, the Rainbow Cat, had kindly promised to sing a song and wished to know whether the guests would like to hear it at this moment or later on. This was a very clever idea, for, of course, people were bound in politeness to say they wished to hear the song immediately. Thereupon the Rainbow Cat took his mandolin and prepared to sing, the whole company being requested to join in the chorus after each verse. They were all delighted with the suggestion and they all sang whether they had any voice or not. They enjoyed it so much that they quite forgot that they hadn't finished the banquet. At least they almost forgot. Here is the song. The Rime of the Gnome with a Scolding Wife Once upon a time, when guinea pigs had tails and people talked in rhyme and rivers ran on rails, there lived a little gnome who'd such a scolding wife, at last he ran away from home, he couldn't stand the life. There lived a little gnome who'd such a scolding wife, at last he ran away from home, he couldn't stand the life. She scolded all day long from morning until night and she was never wrong and he was never right. Oh, she could bake and bile and she could clean and mend but since she scolded all the while he left her in the end. Oh, she could bake and bile and she could clean and mend but since she scolded all the while he left her in the end. He thought he'd found a way, at least to be in peace but still to his dismay, his troubles did not cease. He didn't like his meals, his washing wasn't right, his socks were always out at heels, his shirts a fearful sight. He didn't like his meals, his washing wasn't right, his socks were always out at heels, his shirts a fearful sight. By the end of the third verse the queen was looking very strained and anxious and the rainbow cat himself was beginning to feel rather nervous, his song had only four verses and he wasn't at all sure that he would be asked to sing another. He was afraid that people would remember their unfinished dinner as soon as he stopped. So he began the fourth verse very slowly but before he had got halfway through he saw three servants standing between the curtains of the great doorway of the banqueting hall with enormous golden dishes piled up with most magnificent-looking tarts. My tarts! he heard the queen murmur in an excited voice and then he knew that everything was well. So he finished his song at a great pace and the last chorus was sung with much enthusiasm for the other guests had also seen the waiting tarts and were eager to begin on them. This is the last verse of his song.  So home he went once more in philosophic mood and though his wife still vexed him sore he did enjoy his food. The song was very much applauded and everyone then fell upon the tarts with an appetite which the slight delay had pleasantly renewed. It turned out afterwards that it was all a mistake about the nave. They had cook had put the tarts away on the top shelf of the larder for safety. But he was a poet as well as a cook and just before the moment arrived when the tarts should have been served up a perfectly beautiful little verse came into his head and he rushed off to a quiet spot to write it down quite confident that the undercook would be able to look after the rest of the banquet. And that's how it came about that suspicion fell upon the poor nave for when the tarts could not be found everyone naturally supposed that he had stolen them again. When the cook had written down his verse and made a few little improvements in it he returned to the kitchen and found everything in uproar because of the missing tarts. He arrived in the nick of time for the messengers were returning almost empty handed from the pastry cook's shops. They had made very little pastry that day because they knew that everyone would be at the banquet and that they would have no sale for their wares. Of course later on the cook had to give an explanation of his carelessness and he was removed from his position. But as his verses were even better than his dishes he was made court poet instead and he liked that much better though he occasionally lent a hand in the kitchen when they were very busy. The queen was most grateful to the rainbow cat for his timely help and every year on his birthday she sent him a box of tarts made by her own hands especially for him. He stayed only a day or two in the ever-after land after the banquet then he packed up his belongings bade goodbye to all his kind friends and set off for his home. He was glad to be back in his own little house and delighted all his friends with his account of his travels but he had no intention of settling down forever and I hope to be able someday to tell you more of the adventures that befell him upon his further journeys.


الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثناء الجميل وأشد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له وأشد أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد وفي نهاية التدوين السنة فإن شاء الله وإتعالى اليوم سيكون لسنة about the following التدوين في القرن الأول سوف نتكلم عن التدوين سوف نتكلم ما تدوين يعني إن شاء الله وإتعالى في القرن الأول in the first generation نحن نتكلم عن الإسلاميك كالندر ونحن نتكلم عن كالندر الغرغوري ونحن نتكلم عن كالندر الإسلاميك كيف تدوين؟ تذكروا the first lesson we had on تدوين السنة وخبرنا بأن في وقت الصلاة الله عليه وسلم there was the concept of التلق والرواية that was the first which is that the companions they were receiving and they were gaining knowledge from the message عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم and what they were doing is that they were they were passing it on the companions and what were passing it on and then the stage that came after that was so the first one was التلق والرواية التلق means to retrieve and to narrate and then the second stage that came was التدوين what does التدوين mean? تدوين means writing down what was retrieved from the message عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم and what was taken from him writing it somewhere this is called what? is to document something it is to record something this is called what? it's called التدوين and the third stage that I said that came was تسنيف what does تسنيف mean? authorship the question here is what is the difference between التدوين and التسنيف التدوين and التسنيف if you can all see I'm not writing the reason I'm not writing all of this I'm saying is because I already did so I'm just recapping I'm going over the difference between التدوين and التسنيف is التدوين is just to write it's just to document something it is to record something like in تسنيف is to organize تسنيف is what? it's ترتيب it is to do تبويب it is to organize it is to make chapters for it this is called what? تسنيف are we all together? are we all on the same page? here is the important question which is based on what we just said the definition of a تدوين is was there a تدوين at the time of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم because we define تدوين to mean what? whatever was taken from the messenger to write it somewhere was that present at the time of the messenger? or did that start later? that's the first point that we're going to speak about تدوين السنة بداع في حياتي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم to document and to record the سنة was it started بداع في حياتي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم it's actually started at the time of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم we're going to discuss that in the first topic and then the second topic we're going to be speaking about because all of this is the first first what? first 100 years right? the first generation we call it generation so all of this is the first generation the second one is جهود الصحابة the effort that the companions exerted and the effort that they put in في تدوين سنة المطحرة in documenting in writing the سنة المطحرة that was purified ونقلها and transmitting it إلى الأمة to this أمة we're going to be speaking about that we're going to be speaking about the efforts جهود efforts of who? the companions in two things في تدوين سنة المطحرة in documenting in recording the سنة of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم and also passing it on we've kind of touched on that before but we'll speak about it from another angle شاء الله تعالى number four we're going to be speaking about جهود تابعين the تابعين are the students of who? the students of the companions their effort جهود means what? the effort of who? التابعين في تدوين سنة المطحرة in transmitting and passing sorry in documenting the honored the venerated the glorified سنة this is what today's first hour lecture is going to be on these three points the first one I'm going to be speaking about in more details then I would be speaking about the other two drew to a main reason has everybody written this? I'm going to rub off the first the second two and I'm going to leave the first one on and we're going to go into that شاء الله تعالى let's talk about the first one تدوين السنة the سنة was written at the time of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم there was something I mentioned previously which was at the time of the companions yes حف was the asal yes there were people memorized and the memorization was far greater and was far more than the writing but that doesn't eliminate and does not completely eliminate that there wasn't no writing at the time of the prophet and the companions so there was كتابة there was writing like in this was the asal this was the most the most of the companions were memorizers writing was present but wasn't there the large percentage are we all together here we want to go into a discussion which is there are some people especially orientalist who push this concept which is hadiths were written after Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم his death centuries later 2-3 centuries 200-300 years later the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم his time there was no hadith written and this is something that is not true it was actually written at what time it was actually written at the time of the the messenger عليه الصلاة والسلام so what we're going to do is this concept that the orientalist brought forward was responded by a great scholar امام الخطيب البغدادي رحمه الله so his book is a kitab that responds to these he was way before that he was the 5th century خطيب البغدادي was what the 5th century 900 years ago but he already responded to these things that's in his book so what we're going to do is we're going to discuss this book تقييد العلم what is it called look at this book it's called تقييد حطيب البغدادي رحمه الله he's the author a great scholar a great scholar رحمه الله رحمة واسعة so what we're going to do is we're going to look into that book and that which has come regarding it first of all this book he divided it into عقسان and he made the types into 4 like he broke his book into 4 chapters these 4 types 4 قسن are we all together this book تقييد العلم what does the book first mean تقييد means what would be the best way to translate it in English it's to fasten it's to write knowledge تقييد هي العلم means to write down knowledge to write knowledge are we all together and the reason why he wrote this book is he wanted to show that writing was present at what time the time of the message that was the purpose of the book and so it's good that I talk about this book right now for 2 reasons number 1 it's connected to our chapter and number 2 the book fair is going on and so this would also be a benefit for some of you to buy this book because at the ending of this book رحمه الله he talks about خطب the virtues of books and that which has been said regarding it the virtue of books having books and the quotes of the scholars and that which they said regarding books and the value that books hold so I would advise you all to buy this كتاب تقييد العلم I wouldn't know which publication is the best because I haven't compared the publications but the one I have is the publication of دار الاستقامة دار الاستقامة is the one I have and the one I read but let's talk about this book because it deals with this chapter that the messenger he's time the Ahadith were written so he divided his book into 4 what did I say 4 أقسام 4 types the first one he talks about الاثار he brings textual statements that have come prohibiting writing knowledge in the first قسم the first type the first chapter he talks about or he brings forward all of the quotes that state it was disliked to write at the time of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم so he first chapter he brings all of the أقوال and a lot of statements that show it is disliked to write knowledge so he brings the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he brings the statements of the companions he brings the statements of the تابعين here I want to say something which is are we all together so in the first chapter what did he talk about the statements that is disliked to write knowledge and whose statements does he bring the companions and who those three all of the statements that he brings from the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم all of them are weak except one all of the statements that have come where the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم speaks against writing knowledge are all weak are we all together is what? it's all weak except one حديث حديث أبي سعيد الخضري حديث أبي سعيد الخضري the حديث of what the حديث of أبي سعيد الخضري in صح مسلم when the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم he said لا تكتب عني don't write anything about me ومن كتب عني غير القرآن فليمحه the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم has said don't write anything which I have said and anyone who has written other than the Quran then they should wipe it erase it deleted does everyone understand so all of the all the حديث that خطيب البغدادي all of the حديث are weak all of them حديث أبي سعيد الخضري in صح in صح مسلم this حديث in صح مسلم this is the only authentic one which the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم he said ومن كتب عني غير القرآن and anyone who has written other than the Quran from me فليمحه get rid of it erase it even this حديث even though it's authentic but the scholars differed on whether the prophet said it أو أبي سعيد الخضري does that make sense they disputed whether it's the prophet statement or it's actually أبي سعيد الخضري statement if it's his statement and not the prophet أليمح مسلم he took the opinion that this is actually the statement of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم and that's why he brought it in his صحيح so he brought it مرفوعاً مرفوعاً meaning attribute to the prophet لكن الإمام البخاري الشيخ الإمام مسلم the teacher of Imam Muslim الإمام البخاري he said this is not the prophet statement this is not it's not the prophet statement who's statement is it it's أبي سعيد الخضري so he made it what he made it موقوف as in he said that this is the statement of أبي سعيد and it's weak to attribute to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and he brought a إله a defect from the حريث in the angle does that make sense everybody so what we can say is we don't actually have an authentic حديث to the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم where he prohibits the writing of حديث so خطيب البقداري that's what he tries to talk about in the second chapter of his book he tries to give the reason وصف العلا what is actually the reason why the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم prohibited the writing of knowledge he's taking the opinion that it's حديث صلى الله عليه وسلم and even if we say that the prophet said this but what's the reason behind it are you with me brothers is there a reason behind it and he states some of the reasons and I'll give you a couple of those reasons even if we take that the حديث that was saying that don't write anything which I have said they said that this means number one do not write the Quran and the حديث on one page because then you mix the two up because the revelation is coming now and you're writing what I am saying and you're writing the Quran as well it can mix up so they said this is the first reason why the prophet said ومن كتب عني غير القرآن فليمه does that make sense so the first reason they said why the prophet said don't write anything which I have to say because writing on one page the Quran and the حديث together is what he was saying but if the person was writing on two different pages so he was writing the Quran on one place and he was writing the sunnah on another place the prohibition does not it does not it does not refer to him number two the second reason was people will rely on taking knowledge from the things that they have written and they're going to dismiss the most important thing which is who's speech the speech of Allah عز و جل like the people are going to put their hearts and minds to that which has been written and they're really going to dismiss the most important thing which is what the book of Allah عز و جل are you with me brothers number three he says the reason why the prohibition actually came was the people will rely on the writing and give no importance to memorization it's another reason the people are just going to write everything and they're going to what not memorize what they've written and that's the truth with so many people they go to a talk and they know it's being recorded when they go home to write down the notes that's wrong at that moment you should try to write it and whatever you've missed out then الحمد لله the recording can always back you up or it can help you but it shouldn't be what you rely on also one of the reasons why the prohibition came from the writing was that maybe when things get written in books it's the fourth reason when it gets written in books it may go into the hands of the wrong people who don't have knowledge but when they read things they'll understand it according to how they want to and then play with the religion like that are you all together brothers so those who are saying the hadith is the prophet statement this is the reasons they say that the prohibition was so now we don't have that problem they say now we can write it because there's no mixing the Quran with the hadith the Quran is finished we will know the Quran there's no problem in that regard are you with me brothers so we've now spoken about the first chapter which is it started at the time of who it started at the time of the messenger we're now going to go into the second chapter so remember to buy this book by who I haven't finished the types of that I haven't mentioned two chapters the third chapter is in the third chapter he brings the statements and the textual evidences that permit the writing of knowledge at the time of the prophet when the companion came to the prophet he said what you have said write it for me I want it written and the messenger he said write for who and also the famous hadith of Abu Huraira Abu Huraira said no one used to write more than I did except Abu Huraira said this no one had more a hadith than I did except he had more hadiths for me because he used to write when I never used to write he used to write when I when I never used to write so where did he just stay here he wrote and Abu Huraira was with the messenger yeah the last 4 years of the prophet's life the last 3-4 years of the prophet's life some scholars they even said that the prohibition was at the early stages of of Islam and it got abrogated because Abu Huraira here is writing so the question here is why did Abu Huraira's narrations become more than today when we look at the number one person in terms of hadith is who Abu Huraira who is it Abu Huraira but Abu Huraira clearly and categorically what did he just say that عبد الله بن عمر بن العاص wrote more than I did the scholars they distinguish between عبد الله بن عمر عاص he heard more from the prophet that doesn't mean he submitted who was the one who passed on more Abu Huraira but the question is why عبد الله بن عمر بن عاص in his later stages of his life عبادة عبادة overtook him spent the last last years of his life or he spent a great portion of his life in عبادة so he's to worship he's left off teaching people narrating narrations whereas Abu Huraira what would he do he would narrate what he heard from the prophet you know the famous story of عبد الله بن عمر بن عاص when his father complained to who his father complained to the messenger he said his father عمر بن عاص complained to the messenger my son عبد الله I have married him off to one of the most respected women of Quraish and he doesn't fulfill her rights as in all night he's praying and all day he's fasting she doesn't get any chance from him he doesn't have come into contact with her so the messenger said to him عبد الله is this true he said yes or messenger of Allah he told him reduce on your fasting he used to fast every single day take it from it until the prophet brought it to the fasting or they both came to the agreement that it's going to be the fasting of what the fasting of نبي الله داود كان يصوم يوما و يفطر يوما داود would fast one day and the next day he would rest and then he would fast the day after and he would rest عبد الله بن عمر بن عاص the prophet said even this why don't you just take one day and Thursdays reduce make it easy on yourself he said no the messenger said there will come a day when you're not going to be able to fast the fasting of نبي الله داود that your body becomes weak and you can't do it anymore he said I can do it عبد الله بن عمر بن عاص became very old in age and when he became old he said I just wish I could take the prophet's light with some advice but I only fast in Mondays and Thursdays but I will take a benefit from this so the people said why don't you take the prophet's advice now why don't you just fast Mondays and Thursdays and then he said I do not want to be a person who the prophet knew him to fast the fasting of داود and after his death I changed I am now fasting what? Mondays and Thursdays and the messenger knew me see the concept of استقامة to be steadfast to be upright, to be consistent to be continuous and not to give up it's very vital and not to be somebody who is hyped for something who wants to do it now and then 3-4 days later you leave it he said Allah doesn't like an action as big but you leave it what is he like something small but which is what consistency it's the quality not the quantity are you with me just something small but you are consistent you don't let go of this one thing that's better so the 3rd chapter what does he speak about when he doesn't see that show that you can write knowledge then the 4th one he talks about فضل العلم وما قيل فيها the virtue of books are you with me brothers what does he speak about he speaks about the virtue virtue of knowledge as a benefit I just want to mention a story he mentioned this رحمه الله و تعالى and also ابن كليخان ابن كليخان he mentioned it in his كتاب و فيات العيان ان ترجمة of شرف المرتضة شرف المرتضي شرف المرتضة this man came to a shop to buy books so when he came he found the book he found the book الجمهرة لبمدريد he found it which he wanted to buy he paid the price for it and you have to remember those times the books were not they were not published like the way it is now was printed in a printing house at those days if a person wanted your book they would have to copy it everything with their own hand so go to your house and write everything from your book and that's my copy the copy that he brought was owned by علي ابن أحمد ابن علي الفالي رحمه الله it was owned by him the great adib على كل حال this great scholar who owned the book the one who owned it is the one whose book has been sold ابو الحسن الفالي his book has been sold at the ending of the book he wrote a line of poetry where he says 20 years this book was mine I owned this book for how many years for 20 years I owned it it was my own book now I have sold it after that after that now that I haven't got this book anymore I don't own it my suffering and my pain has become great and then he goes on saying I never thought in my life that I will come to a day where I would have to sell this book that I love so much I never thought this would happen ولو خلدتني في السجوني ديوني even if debt put me into prison because I couldn't pay a person their debts I never thought I would reach a point where I would have to sell the كتاب الجمهرة لبنه دريد ولكن لضعف وفتقار but because of my need and the weakness that I have now it forced me to sell the book and then he goes on saying that when things become hard in life for you sometimes you would do things that were so admirable to you something you cherished a lot you would be forced to sell it so he wrote that poetry at the end of the book when شرف المرتضة saw it what did he do he brought the book back to the owner and he gave him the money and he said keep the book this book means a lot to you and this shows you the love that they had and the love that they had for for knowledge and books so at the last chapter خطيب البغدادية talks about the وماقيلة فيها when some of the scholars used to say a Muslim should not be stingy when your brother asks you for something money something give it to him except books be stingy with your books other than that give it's true because if you give your book to somebody and your book is 20 volumes 20 volumes and they say how can I borrow the fourth volume and then what happens is they go and they lose that fourth volume or something happens to the fourth volume or they leave the country or you don't see them again you are now with a book that has one volume missing from it and it takes away the value of the book are you with me so when it comes to books the scholars were very harsh regarding it and they mentioned it in their books of ادب meaning the manners of student of knowledge that books is one thing you should be stingy with if a person wants to read your books come to my library and read it that's how they were before and now that the book fair is happening nurture yourself in reading brothers what do you do nurture yourself in reading these classes that you are having right now you shouldn't just depend on that fully you should have your extra reading times where you go and you read and you read so by those books that a student of knowledge needs and insha'Allah at the end maybe I might give you a list of some books that I suggest that you should all try to buy that may help you try to then read it familiarize yourself with these books which book تقيد العلم we said the best is writing down knowledge what he means here تقيد is to write down knowledge it's writing knowledge تقيد actually comes from the word قيد what did we say it's the rope you use to hold down a camel or a goat the word تقيد العلم I think I saw it I think I once upon a time saw it but I'm not 100% sure let's move on to the second chapter what was the second chapter that we said we're going to speak about today we're now going to speak about جهود الصحابة read it for me so number 3 is تانير so the efforts of the companions في تدوين السنة في تدوين السنة المطاهرة ونقلها the efforts of the companions two things what were they doing in documenting for us recording for us the سنة and the second thing is ونقلها إلى الأمة transmitting it to what transmitting it to the أمة four points we're going to mention four points here in this chapter we're going to mention how many four points how they would urge so the first one is ألحثوا على الحفظ how was the companions effort in documenting for us the سنة and transmitting it for us it was ألحثوا إلى حفظ السنة ألحثوا how they were urging ألحثوا إلى حفظ السنة how they urged in memorizing the سنة it's one of the ways companions the way that they documented it was that they gave importance to urging to memorize it here the memorization can meet two types how many types the first one is called حفظ صدر حفظ الكتاب حفظ الكتاب حفظ these two types they would talk about memorizing it in terms of being in your chest صدر means your chest and memorize it keep it in your heart they would talk about that and the second one was what memorizing it inside books they would urge the companions would do that that was the first way that the companions they documented us for the سنة and they transmitted it to the أمة number two the second way which they did it is حفظ these two types I'm about to dub the precision and the حفظ these two types الكتاب the second way was they would write بسنة they would write with the سنة بعضهم some of them to the others they would send the سنة towards each other they would write the سنة and they would send it to each other for example أسيد من حضير رضي الله تعالى عنه the companion أسيد من حضير some of the سنة that he wrote he sent it to أبو بكر عمر he sent it to أبو بكر سري and he sent it to عمر ألو عثمان ألو عثمان ألو عثمان ألو عثمان and they used those أحادي he sent them to use it for their judgment and the قضاء that they were doing they based it on a سنة that was sent to them from who أسيد من حضير so the companion is the way that they gave efforts in documenting the سنة for us and transmitting it to the Ummah is to remind each other by writing it to each other are you with me brothers for example زيدي من أرقم he sent some of the Hadith to أنس من مالك رضي الله تعالى عنه نعم the third way is even though it kind of enters the first one which is حسل تلاميذهم how they urge their students in what على كتابة الحديث to write the Hadith so whenever they would dictate a Hadith or they would say a Hadith they would tell their students to write it they wouldn't let their students to sit there and not write anything so what they would do is حث تلاميذهم they would urge their students على كتابة الحديث حث they would urge their students to do what they would urge their students to write their Hadith so they wouldn't let them و لذلك أمر رضي الله عنه it's also an issue in America and others they would say to their students قييد العلمة بالكتابة narrow that knowledge hold knowledge down by writing it so they would say write it and it became a statement that the scholars use a lot which is write and nowadays you see a person come to a lecture and they don't write do you actually understand that writing something sometimes actually helps you to remember something when you write something down are you with me brothers in some countries like back home from where I'm originally from the Quran is written the Quran is what some of the students have never seen a Mushaf or they don't use Mushaf when they use the Quran for them they write it from the teacher's mouth on a big لوح wooden plank they write on it that's how they take it they memorize from it what they wrote with the sheikh they take it from them and they wash it in the morning and they would come and they read the sheikh and they would write it from there it's no Mushaf so the student would end up writing the Quran from the mouth of the sheikh and he would memorize what he wrote he would memorize what what he wrote when people started to depend on the writing to become a problem I'll give you an example how many of you in this room know a number on your phone other than yours so if you had to call your wife right now who knows his wife's number at the top of his head time when people would have to memorize it because they would have to write it no books so now some people when they lose their phones they don't know who to call right so I just mean what I mean from that angle is the fact that the people are depending on what's what's written nobody likes to memorize the fourth is which is something it's تدوينه تدوينه السنة في الصحف تدوينه السنة تدوينه الحاريث في الصحف the companies they had a hadith written for them in what in صحف صحف is does anyone know what a صحف is yeah scrolls حديث حديث ريتون وشكولس for them حافظ من رجب رحمه الله تعالى he says in his كتاب شرع العيلة اللي ترمذي he says the companions time they didn't have a hadith written in order like كتاب الطهارة and then Salah and then Zakat and then they didn't have that حديث was all over the place so this is the concept of what تدوين صحابة's day one was not organized it was all over the place it was just write the hadith down this is تدوين تصليف was what for whatever we're gonna look at it later everyone organized according to something okay one's book is based upon organization in terms of another one's based upon but the point is that they came organization and a purpose behind writing but the صحابة's one was purely to keep it the صحابة's would write it only to revise it not only to go over it fuck up but after that صنف التصنيف authorship started and then he goes on after that the concept of but the sahabas they did to if you now bring all of the hadith are written amongst the companions and you and you took those are you even brothers that's exactly the books that are written for us in hadith okay I want this hadith from this page give it to me I'm gonna put it here so the تدوين was already there and what came after that was تصليف they claimed that Ali has what Ali has knowledge that no one else knows what does Ali have and knowledge that only him the Prophet told was it was an allegation that was going around so the people came to Ali maybe Ali is the Ali the Prophet Ali said maybe he hid something to you and no one else knows except you Ali maybe Ali he stood up to do خطبة الجمعة and he said أن عندنا شيء and that we we have a unique knowledge it's a shia they believe that Ali and the people have a unique discussion with the Prophet he told them something unique no one else knows they only know Ali said everyone who claims that we have knowledge uniquely given to us which is not found in the Quran then he's a liar the only thing I have right now that the Prophet gave me is a صوف which he then had it in his stick walking stick he brought it out or some of the narration mentioned his sword he brought it out and he read what was in it and now even that one everyone knew that's all I have so all we want to take what we want to take from the story is that Ali had a what صوف so he wrote حديث now we're going to go into the third point which is the last one is now we're going to go into حية ثالثة حية فيه the جهود number three جهود the efforts of the تابعين meaning the students of the companions feeded really in documenting the glorified and the honorable sunnah the تابعين they did that how are we going to go through that in three points in what in three points number one وحفظها وكتابتها so he said three the companions were four and this is three it is how they urged the sunnah they urged means to urge somebody to convince them to do it do it على التزامي to uphold the sunnah they urged others to uphold the sunnah by what by memorizing it حفظها also writing it so uphold stick to memorizing the sunnah by memorizing it by writing it and also what تتابت verifying في روايةها also verifying who you are narrating it from and who you are hearing it from all of that was what and also who you hear it from the reason is because their time the groups were coming out so they needed to verify whereas the time of the companions everybody was reliable that's the first way that they looked after it number two was how they were they documented just like the companions the sunnah in scrolls just like the companions they documented the sunnah in scrolls so did the تابعين they also did the same رحمهم الله and the third one was جهود الإمامين عمر ابن عبد عزيز عمر ابن عبد عزيز وابن شهاب الزهري and the third one is the effort that was exerted by two great imams who is it عمر ابن عبد العزيز and who محمد من الشهاب الزهري they exerted a great amount of effort towards the documenting and the recording of the sunnah عمر ابن عبد العزيز was one of the leaders who truly spread sunnah and he fought against what innovation and he also gave a great importance to the sunnah of the procession to spread ولي ذلك ولي محمد من الشهاب الزهري محمد من الشهاب الزهري he said he is the first man to have written a book in hadith who was the first person to write it are you with me brothers who was the first person to write محمد من الشهاب الزهري and who was the first person to do تصنيف in hadith تصنيف but who commanded him to do it عمر ابن عبد العزيز he said right are we all together when عمر ابن عبد العزيز commanded him he sat down and he wrote and then after him they came I am going to speak about it later great scholars came like معمل ابن راشد who then came out from Yemen and he authored سعيد ابن عبي عروبة he came out in Basra and he authored الأوزاعي أبو عبد الرحمن أم أبو عمر عبد الرحمن ابن عمر الأوزاعي he authored as well this after ابن شهاب also ابن أبي ذي he came out in Medina he authored مصبيح البصريه شعبة ابن حجاج أبو بصطام العتكي أبو صلمة حماد ابن حماد ابن حماد ابن زيد الحماد ابن سلمة this one is about him حماد ابن سلمة he came out and he authored أبو صلمة حماد ابن سلمة ابن دينار ألمان مالك المدينة الإمام مالك المدينة عبد الله ابن مبارك إن ويه إن خراسان عبد الله ابن وهبن إيجبت وكعمل جرحة الرؤاسي إن كوفا أبو عبد الله محمد من إدريس الشافعي وإيجبت عبد الرزاق من همام الصلعاني وإن يمن all of these scholars what they did are sniff are you with me brothers 19 scholars one time they all started writing after محمد المشهاب زهري wrote no one knows these 19 who wrote first no one knows who wrote first the scholars only know like in they were in the same tiny and we'll speak about that later I'm going to write the names on the board for you for the next part the next part of the class I will I will do that we'll stop there for this class does anyone have any question does anyone have any questions so الحمد لله we finished تدوين في القرن الأول we're now going to go into the next class we're going to go into تدوين في القرن الثاني are you with me brothers and we'll speak about that does anyone have any questions regarding what I spoke about today التلقي والرواية التلقي means to take it from the prophet the brother asked in terms of authorship and in terms of documenting and recording the حسنة you said it went through three stages what were they the first one was التلقي taking it from the prophet and then narrating it that was definitely the time of the companions because they were the ones who were the prophet that took it from the prophet and they were also the ones who what who passed it on the second stage was what تدوين تدوين we said the sahabah had that which we said تدوين means whatever is out there just right on the paper are you with me brothers and in the third stage was what the real discussion of حديث is really when it comes to تسنيف are you with me brothers when the scholars or generally when you study this topic of تدوين السنة you should really just study up to the ninth century are you with me brothers because that's really that's where it really stopped the efforts that were being put in after the ninth century in Islamic calendar everybody that came after that was just using what was already there and to be very frank and honest after the ninth century in the Islamic calendar the ninth century this knowledge of حديث went to the subcontinent India moved to that direction and it was then put in the hands of the scholars of India and they then came out with the strongest and the greatest efforts regarding this science نديل حسين صدق حسنخان محمد بشير أسه سواني those scholars of that era are you with me brothers way before we're talking about the author of the كتاب حجة الله البالغة which is وليه الله دهلوي رحمه الله تعالى وليه الله دهلوي was before محمد عبد الهاتف was older than محمد عبد الهاتف rather محمد من عبد الهاتف teacher was an Indian scholar محمد حيات السدي رحمه الله صح so he took the the Hadith form are you with me brothers عندما الرويات of بخاري عندما الرويات of بخاري المسلمنا بداود الريغاية of the Hadith today no one can have a senate in بخاري today except 99.9% is going to go through وليه الله دهلوي رحمه الله تعالى استمت وليه الرويات of the Surah وليه ذلك الرحلات turned to that direction but that era there wasn't coming out new books or new style it wasn't it was explanation that were coming out how she footnotes تنقيحات authenticating was already there sifting it out does that make sense so the person should really give a lot of importance to studying how the sunnah it came about any other questions regarding what we really took no okay we're going to start the next lesson شاء الله تعالى


to have the executive vice president of the commission, Margrethe Verstier, who has been generous enough to take time out of her extremely busy schedule. I heard you speaking in Trinity this morning, and I know you had various meetings with the government. She will address us for about five or 10 minutes or so on Europe in the world. And then we'll have Q and A with the audience and with our online colleagues. If anyone wants to ask a question from the room, please raise your hand. That's fairly simple and straightforward. And anyone on Zoom, you're able to use the discussion Q and A function that we all know so well now at the bottom of your screen. And you can send in your questions throughout the discussion and we'll try to pick them up as they come through. A reminder that both today's presentation and the Q and A are both on the record. And please feel free to join the discussion on Twitter using the IEA Twitter handle at IIEA. We're also live streaming today's discussion. So a very warm welcome to all of you tuning in via YouTube. My great-grandfather hardly needs any introduction. She's almost a household name. And since she was the model for Morgan, as many people believe, and this morning at Trinity, she was doing a sales job for the Vikings that we should learn to love. But she's the executive vice president for a Europe fit for the digital age and commissioner for competition. She was commissioner for competition in the previous commission. And of course she has a distinguished career in Danish politics. She was minister for economic affairs and the interior in Denmark. And she was the political leader of the Danish social liberal party from 2007 to 2014. So we're delighted you can be here, Vice President Moreta, if I may please. The floor is yours. Very much. And as you say, trying to make you love the Vikings probably also suggests that I shy away from very few things. Thank you very much for the invitation. Thank you for this very warm introduction. With so much happening right now, I really appreciate that we have this chance of coming together. Of course, I appreciate it that people can follow the live stream but I think really important that we can come together also in a room because a lot can be done online but really to have a sense of where we are I think is absolutely crucial because these are not just sort of periods of change. This is an inflection point in our history. We have war on the European doorstep, the cost of living crisis, the energy crisis, taking a deep, deep toll in many families, especially of course those who are on a smaller budget. The fact that we have not addressed the climate crisis to some degree has put us in this position but the climate crisis is here. And at the same time, the world is progressing and it is indeed important to make sure that these are developments that serves us as citizens, as human beings, which is part of my brief in the European Commission right now to make sure that technology serves each and every one of us. And this Russian unjustified war of aggression against Ukraine, it is an attack on shared uncommon values. Freedom, democracy, the right for every state to decide on their own, the integrity of the individual, that is the basis of all democratic thinking. And the attacks also, of course, seriously undermine our belief in international order, a rule-based international order. I think everyone is affected by this. Here in this country, a lot of people have got new Ukrainian neighbors, some Ukrainian colleagues, where they work. The energy market has been weaponized and turned against us, seemingly planned for a very long time. So we have the energy prices going to levels that was absolutely unprecedented. And the fact that the most vulnerable, I hit the hardest. I think it's a very important thing for everyone to realize. Also, when we answer the crisis that we have. And it comes directly after the pandemic and the lockdown of the pandemic. It was not a test. It was a real stress situation for all our systems, for all our communities. And as I said, the climate crisis is ongoing. And I think with the floodings that we have seen, with the drought that we have seen, if anyone was ever doubtful, it's a real thing. The thing is that in all of these crises, actually the one thing we do not have is institutional crisis. The European parliament, the council, the commission, the courts, national governments, it works. Well, this is Europe. So it doesn't work without discussion. It doesn't work without contradiction. It doesn't work without criticism. But that criticism, those discussions are qualifiers so that the solutions that we find and implement together, that they work. We saw that under COVID, with vaccine strategies that enabled every member state to start vaccinations at the same time. With the corona pass that enabled people to start moving around. It's now almost a global public good. 44 nation states are using the COVID pass as part of their public good infrastructure. And we now have the EU recovery plan. Have we met, let's say five years ago, and I would have stood here and said, Europe will take a loan in the name of the next generation of 750 billion euros.  And here we are. We have come in lending, we have come in ambitions, and we have a common obligation for the next generation in whose name this debt is written to make the best possible use of these funds. And another example is the sanctions against Russia. They were swift, they were united, they continue. They are taking that all without technology transfers from the coalition of sanctioning nations. Well, the capacity not only to innovate, but also to produce significantly undermined. The thousands of international companies have already withdrawn from Russia. They simply left. And Russia has experienced significant brain drain as well educate people are leaving. And trillions of rubles have been lost due to the Russian Central Bank. All of this, of course, will have to be maintained in order to keep the pressure on Russia and to keep undermining the financing of their war efforts. But these are examples of resolve, of Europe being that geopolitical actor that we set out to be. And we are indeed being tested. But the thing is that, I think everyone is resisting the temptation to see ourselves as bystanders, as these things are something that is happening to Europe. We have choices to make and important choices. They have been made to engage, realizing that there will be costs as there is to everything that one engages in for. In such a world, we don't see ourselves as alone. We see ourselves as having partners. As that it's a coalition of countries imposing sanctions. And to invest in the power of democracies, we need to be many more. And this will be my end. Because similar to the priority, I think that this country has always given to the relationship with the US. The transatlantic partnership remains the most important one for us. And what we do is not only talk about the historically shared values, the fact that we are interconnected because of family ties. But that we put that into something specific, the trade and technology council, I think is a very good example of this, pointing to specifics that are tangible, the ambition to set standards together, the ambitions to coordinate, so that people that we really support take the leadership in international organizations. Figuring out how to make sure that the shortage of semiconductors doesn't repeat itself, but indeed that more are produced. To figure out if we can do common chargers, not as an afterthought, 10 years, 15, 20 years after the first smartphone, but right now, when electrical vehicles are actually being built. Of course, we also have partnership with Japan, with Singapore, with South Korea. But my point is just to say, Europe is a much better partner when we are much more aware of our own strength. And in doing so, well, then we can actually make sure that we are effective in what we do. The union that we live in was born in the ashes of a horrible war. It was created as a vision to build strength from diversity. As said, nothing comes without discussion. By doing so, we escaped what was then the threats of protectionism, militarism, the iron fist of detectionship. And this is not the far past. For some countries, it is quite recent pasts. And yet, democracies have shown themselves to be strong. And that is the future of Europe, knowing who we are and being better at who we are. Thank you. Thank you very much for that optimistic vision of Europe's role in the world and its future. Can I start with a question which, since I've taken up this job in April, I've spent more time in Ireland in the last few months than I did in the previous 45 years. It's very interesting rediscovering my own country. But one of the things I pick up, particularly in business circles, and from a lot of our corporate members, is a concern about the future direction of Europe that with the departure of the United Kingdom, which was traditionally seen as very liberal and free market oriented. Not sure it was always the case, but that's certainly the image which was projected. There is a concern that there is a risk, and also with the pandemic, and therefore more state involvement issues about resilience being more important than efficiency, supply chains, maybe looking at being more flexible on competition policy, state aids. But there is a risk that Europe would become more protectionist, more state interventionist, and maybe with the tendency to over-regulate. What would you say to people who have those concerns? Well, first and foremost, I do understand why the question comes up. Because there is a debate about Europe's role in the world. Some say, you know, we need strategic autonomy, and I'd say, yes, open strategic autonomy. Because as I see it, the things that we want to achieve, we cannot achieve by ourselves. That being said, we should be better, stronger in order to be better partners. And as you say, the pandemic carved out a new role for the states. But also the transitions that we're in, the digital one, the climate one in particular, gives the state a new role. This is the first ever historically transition driven by state and government.  Taking these promises back home and doing some the best, some not so much, but saying that this is what we want. That, of course, gives another role for the state. And maybe that role becomes a bit emboldened by COVID and lockdown. We can make people stay at home. We can close businesses. So I think it's really important to be measured as to what should the state do in order for these transitions to happen in an inclusive and the best possible way. Because the thing is that we will achieve nothing if it's only this public sector driving. You know, without private investments, without foreign direct investments, without that drive, we will not be successful. And the same thing goes with Europe and the rest of the world. If we think that we can do things on our own, we will achieve nothing. And this is why, you know, I'm trying to encourage that we can, you know, breathe fully and calmly in the complexity of open strategic autonomy. Strategic autonomy being able to take our own decisions and putting them into reality, but realizing that that only happens because of our openness. So I agree that things are changing, but I disagree that that translates into protectionism because that would seriously disable what we want to achieve. I turn to the audience. Please, you might say who you are. Well, I think first things first, to investigate who's behind the sabotage of the gas infrastructure. And then second, to be nuanced in our discussion about how do we see the protection of infrastructure as such. Now we think about underwater infrastructure, but that is not the only one. We also need to think even more carefully, for instance, about our energy grid, because as we integrate more different energy production sources, of course, they have to be secure as well. So that the grid cannot be manipulated via, for instance, a windmill or a hydro installation or whatever that might be. And I think it's good for us to think about this.  We did the commission and member states in the last commission, a sort of an assessment of our 5G infrastructure, how to make sure that was safe. On the basis of that, we built a toolbox that has been used by every member state to make sure that not only core, but also edge of the digital infrastructure is safe. We just table proposal to make sure that all the different things that we connect to the internet, that they are cybersecurity safe. So it's absolutely top of mind, because just as well as the potential is enormous, the more connected we are, the more vulnerabilities we have. So I think it's important to, you know, continue, but not to say that because we've had this incident, then all of a sudden everything is unsecured because work has been ongoing for a very long time to make us all have the necessary cybersecurity. Marie Cross, I'm a member of the Institute. Vice President, you mentioned a number of close partners, but you didn't mention China. Could I ask you what the EU position should be towards China? We have very close partnerships with the United States, but they have a very particular policy towards China. Are we in danger of being caught in the middle, or are we strong enough to develop our own policies on China? I think that's really interesting, because for instance, within the Trade and Technology Council, you know, we have always been very careful that it's about our relationship with the US and not about our relationship with the third party, because that's a strange marriage, no? And the second thing is that I completely stand by the EU-China strategy that we made in the Commission a couple of years ago, before the pandemic, which says that China is a systemic rival to us. We don't consider their rule of governance a democracy. So there is a rivalry here. And we see it actually playing out among other places on the African continent. They're also an economic competitor. There are things, for instance, where we would want to have a capacity. So welcome Chinese investment here, if we are welcome there. So we need to work on that economic competition. But last but not least, the Chinese also partners, because there will be no fighting climate change without the Chinese on board. And I think it's really important that we can live in that sort of complexity, because that is a complex relationship, because partnership is somewhere friendly thing, rivalry and competition, maybe not so much. And I think that is important. And we illustrate this complexity in different ways. But for instance, the take on the security or 5G networks shows that we have a different approach for the Americans. So I definitely think that we are able and capable and should have our own relationship with global partners. Please. Just we're seeing a lot of economic turmoil in the UK. And I suppose, do you think that could affect the progress of Brexit deal, the Northern Ireland agreement going through entirely? And I suppose when you're looking on to see what's happening in the UK, it's kind of casualised it. But is it almost a lesson for the point of view of EU that this is what happens is what could happen and you don't have the support. But I think here it's really interesting to see the differences. Because here you have an island with a budgetary surplus with a budget just proposed. And I understand quite positively welcomed because of the social profile of it, acknowledging the crisis that many families are in with growth previously under the pandemic, also now very low unemployment, not in the markets in very troubled time and an island of stability. And I think that is why there is very little risk of contagion from what we have seen in the UK that seems to be very UK specific. And that of course is a lesson to take if you can show that stability, then the risk of contagion is so much smaller. I also think that the relative stability in such troubled times, the level of stress is really, really incredible and it's a completely different anatomy of the crisis compared to the pandemic shows also sort of the stability of the euro. That markets have confidence. Of course things are a bit more wobbly than what they were a couple of months ago, but just imagine that every country had their own currency. You know, we wouldn't even know if there was water because the turmoil would be so big. So I think that we should thank a number of the fundamentals for the situation that we're in, but also then make sure that we support the fundamentals and one of them would be the single market. It's absolutely crucial that it works. And something that, oh, we're in an emergency so we should do emergency measures. Yes, but we should also make sure that the fundamentals are working for us because the single market will shorten the crisis and enable businesses to thrive. So that is absolutely essential. And these, I think, are very good lessons also for future crises. Thank you very much, Alex White. I'm a former government minister here in Dublin and I co-chair the Institute's Climate and Energy Group. And my question is also in the category maybe of questions that you might have to say it's too early to say or too early to tell. I think what your instinct is or what the commission's instinct is on the likely impact of the war on the climate transition strategy. And what I ask that question is, I suppose rhetorically we can say, and it's true that there should be an acceleration of the move, for example, to renewable energy to replace fossils and that it should give encouragement to that. On the other hand, we see the reemergence of coal. We see, to some extent, oil and certainly new infrastructure in respect of gas because inevitably from what we've seen in the last few months. So I'm just wondering, and I appreciate it's a high level, what's the overall, after all the work that's been done in relation to Paris, all the work that's been done by the commission indeed and by others, what's your instinct at the balance sheet? Do you think it's going to be good, bad, or indifferent? It's difficult to say how things will balance out because I think it is obvious that member states needs to prolong nuclear, make sure that they can use coal where I need it because the situation is such it is. Because the point is that there will be no green transition without that being just. If people see that it has, you know, adverse social effects, they say, sure, but next generation will have to deal with this. And everyone feels the stress, but also everyone is invited to be part of it, of solving it. And I think it's a very, very good thing when you're in such a situation that you see that it's not only government, it's not only sort of international organization that can do something, I can do something. I can layer up. I can shorten, what does it say, ship showers. There are a number of things I can do. I can follow around my teenagers to make sure that they turn out the light. And that is empowering instead of having to sit there in the cold and say I can do nothing. And the balancing is that we think that this should accelerate the green transition. We tabled a proposal called repower EU in order to accelerate the deployment of renewable energies, preferably in a way, again, so that people who live next to a windmill installation also see money in my pocket, money in my pocket, money in my pocket, money in my pocket every time it turns. And of course we hope that this acceleration will sort of outweigh the fact that more fossil waste is going to take effect right now. Because as we speak, climate change continues. It is not stopping. So it is absolutely essential that we continue. What will be very interesting is to discuss with economists what is the new European economic model. Because Europe is the miracle of the last 70 years built on really clever people. And I think it is very important that we take Ireland, who has invested heavily in people over these many, many decades, research development investments, but also very cheap energy, cheap labour in the supply chain, and a lot of cheap raw materials. It is highly likely now that energy will be higher, at least for some time, but it will be more expensive. So even with the best of circularity, how will this economy perform? I believe it will perform really well, but it will be different. So we have a lot of interesting discussion, which is why I am really appreciative of this institution existing. Because it is important that we have to discuss how to push this. Still some questions in the audience, but we have one from someone watching us from New Jersey in USA, Mark Zaschen, President of Walmart Investments, and he says, as the EU is in the vanguard of global regulatory frameworks, how can the EU bring other international actors onside to share the EU's mindset? Yeah, if we could only put something into context. Now, what has been really interesting for me, working with tech and competition and tech regulation over the last eight years, is to see how the global mood has changed. When I first was in the US with the first global case under my arm, they said, oh, that crazy woman. That has changed. I respect much, much more. You know, now we have the digital services act and digital market act. We have privacy, but they have also passed legislation in Japan, in South Korea, in Australia, in the US, they have table proposals. So the mood is changing. But I think the best thing that we can do is to look at the digital markets. Because this legislation reached beautifully on paper, if you like a complex legal language. But when on paper, we have changed nothing yet. If we can show that the enforcement actually works to open the market, to be pro innovation as we think it is, then of course I think that the octake globally can be really, really big. I'm speaking on my own behalf. My question is a follow on from the earlier one, which I appreciate is not your direct area of policy responsibility. But the simple truth is that the IPCC has fundamentally erred in every single pillar of its work. It has made totally incorrect conclusions in relation to carbon, methane, nitrous oxide, sea levels. It is wrong at every level. And the simple truth is that there is no climate emergency. And there is no relation between carbon levels and global temperature. Yes, my question really is, and these truths are poorly understood, but they're out there. And I think it's important to be brought into the debate and debunk the absolutely flawed work of the IPCC. And I suppose I'll also put it in the context of the huge carbon related costs that have been put on business for zero practical value. That is the truth. Thank you. Paul Sweeney, trade union background. Commissioner, I noticed I welcome your emphasis on climate but going back to something that David O'Sullivan said in his first question, which is business being worried about the level of state intervention. I would ask you, would you not think that the level and the success of the state intervention in three huge crises in just over a decade, financial crisis, and today the energy crisis gives us great hope that a state led move on climate is actually feasible. When I think of it that way personally, I'm very cheered up that we can deal with climate. One of the first times that I've been cheered up because of the level of it has to be good state intervention. Would you agree? Thank you. On the first question, I think for four decades, some scientists have been trying to debunk the work done by climate scientists without any success, which means that there is almost complete consensus about the climate emergency that we're in because we have free research that we can do to make sure that we can do that. I completely trust our universities to honor that, which means that I'm absolutely convinced with the work that we do right now. On the second question, what keeps me awake at night is not the level of state support because there can be little state support, there can be a lot. But if we allow that to disable the drivers that come from competition and if it was transparent so that taxpayers did not know where their money went. Because as long as that is the case, as long as it's open where money goes, where those who have the best ideas, they also get the funding, then I think a lot of good things can be achieved with an active state. But my point is to say that there is not the kind of state funding in the world that can allow us to do this only with state funding. For instance, we have these important projects of common European interest and we have two one batteries. So member states and businesses come together and that sort of crowds in private investment. So now the investment in batteries are the highest in Europe compared to any other jurisdiction in the world. Because of the state going in first, taking sort of the risk that the market cannot cover. That sort of pours in private investment and I think that is the kind of balance that we should be looking for. Instead of saying either or then say some of this is so new, there are so many risks associated to it that we need to go into this together. So I am completely with you that a state-led intervention can be a good thing as long as the state does not get so emboldened to think that anything can happen just with the state intervention. Because that closes the lights of innovation, of entrepreneurship and all those drivers that we need. And I think that is only fair to taxpayers that they know where their funding goes. Thank you. I think that is probably a very good note on which to end. We have run out of time. Thank you so much, my President, for joining us and for sharing with us your thoughts on Europe competition, the challenges we face, our successes but some of the future challenges. Thank you very much indeed. Thank you very much indeed.