Hi, my name is Thomas Steiner. I'm a developer relations engineer on the Chrome team at Google. Today, I want to talk about advanced APIs in real world apps. At previous events like last year's I.O., you may have heard me and others talk about Project Fugu, an effort to close to web's capabilities and thereby enabling new applications to run on the web. If we've talked about Project Fugu before, why would we talk about the project again? Well, because there's been lots of exciting stuff happening around the APIs that we've developed. For a start, you will see how image editor Photopia makes working with files a supernatural flow. You will learn how Blockbench, the app that was used for creating the goats in Minecraft, enables users to pick colors from anywhere on the screen. Next, you will see how the game editor Construct 3 makes sure you never lose any of the games you create. And you will understand how the SVG editor Boxer SVG lets the user pick any of the fonts they have installed locally, including Comic Sans MS.  Before we begin this epic journey, let's briefly reflect back. As I said before, the Project Fugu effort isn't new. In November 2018, on the Chromium blog, we made a commitment to a more capable web. In the blog post, we promised to close the gap. What gap, you may ask? Well, the capability gap between the things you can do on platform-specific apps and the things you can do on the open web. We worked with our partners and came up with a long list of missing capabilities. For example, in 2018, you could not edit files on the web. So we prioritized this and many other use cases based on partner and developer needs. We made our list of missing capabilities public on our bug tracker and labeled it with Proj Fugu. Fugu as the puffer fish. It's a delicacy if you cut it right and can be dangerous if you cut it wrong. Just like being able to edit an image file on the web is fantastic but having the power to delete a file that is critical for the functioning of your computer can have fatal consequences. By the way, we don't allow system files to be accessed from the web. So metaphorically speaking, we make sure you cut the Fugu right. So back to Project Fugu. It's a cross-company effort. In it, we have Samsung and Microsoft and ElectronJS and of course Google and Intel. Samsung makes a browser called Samsung Internet and Microsoft is the maker of Edge and Electron have less node libraries to depend upon when they can just use the web APIs exposed by Chromium. Google, as you may recall, has Chrome but why is chip maker Intel invested in Project Fugu? Well, turns out they looked at what people are doing on Intel machines and found out that they spent more than 60% of their time on the web platform. So there you have it. That's why Intel is a project partner. All the work of Project Fugu happens in the open. For example, you can look at our Fugu API tracker where we keep track of the shipped and in progress APIs. Actually, recently I looked at this tracker in detail which caused me to write an article in which I asked, is Project Fugu done? When I counted, we had shipped 55 APIs ranging from red-blue tooth to contact picker and from badging APIs to unadjusted movement pointer to lock, from web share to app shortcut menu and protocol handling to the forgetting of serial ports all the way down to web custom formats on the clipboard. 55 APIs, that's a lot. But as you might have guessed, we're not done yet. There's still plenty of use cases that need unlocking and some of the APIs need refinement now that more developers use them. And boy, developers do use our Fugu APIs. We have a refreshed showcase of apps people have built with our APIs. Be sure to browse the showcase, add your apps if they're missing and subscribe to the RSS feed to be informed of new apps. With more developers using our APIs, we've also identified a number of useful patterns for doing so that we have added to our patterns collection. They're all worth exploring, but I specifically want to highlight our advanced apps patterns collection, our cool collection of clipboard patterns and our fantastic collection of patterns for working with files. I could go on and on and on since these patterns are really, really useful, but I'm supposed to be talking about advanced web APIs in real-world apps, so back to that. The first app I want to look at is Photopea. Photopea is a free online photo editor. It has various image editing tools, including spot healing, a clone stamp, healing brush, and a patch tool. It supports layers, channels, selections, and much more. It's a project Fugu API showcase. And if you zoom in on its listing, you can see that the app uses a lot of Fugu APIs. Every single one of them is interesting, but today I want to focus on Photopea's use of file handling. File handling is the capability of registering and install PWA as a file handler with the operating system. Photopea is a photo editor, so logically it has registered itself as a handler for image formats like JPEG. With Photopea installed, I can now right-click a JPEG file and open it with Photopea. It could even go as far as promoting Photopea to the default file handler and open images with Photopea simply by double-click. So how did Photopea do this? On this slide, you can see its production web app manifest. The highlighted section shows the file handler's member, which contains an array of objects. Let's zoom in on one. Each of these objects contain an action key pointing at a URL and an accept key pointing at an object with pairs of mime types mapped to arrays of file extensions. For example, the mime type image slash PSD for Photoshop files is mapped to an array with one entry, the extension dot PSD. Photopea registers itself for 21 other image-related file types. After declaratively telling the operating system what file formats Photopea can handle, the app needs to imperatively do something with the past files. This is minified production code, but it's easy enough to follow. It stores window.launchq in a variable called n. And if it exists, sets its consumer to a function that gets passed a parameter w. This w has a property, files, by which the past files are accessible. If you want to implement Photopea's file handling behavior yourself, check out the how to handle files open from the File Explorer pattern. The file handling API is supported on Chromium-based browsers as a version 102. Next, I want to show you Blockbench. Blockbench is a low-poly 3D model editor.  Blockbench, which uses Vue.js and 3.js, puts all the tools at your disposal to make the creation process of low-poly models as easy as possible. You can use Cuboids to get that Minecraft aesthetic or create complex, low-poly shapes using the mesh modeling tools. You can create, edit, and paint texture right inside the app. And obviously, it's also contained in the Project Fugu API showcase. Similar to Photopea, it uses several Fugu APIs. For Blockbench, I want to highlight a small but neat API called Eyedropper. In this example, I'm editing the texture of a 3D model of a train. With Blockbench's paint tool, I can freely modify the texture. What happens when I click the color picker? I get a magnifying glass that I can use to pick screen colors from anywhere, including from outside the application. So I can pick the lively orange from the gorgeous Mac OS Ventura background image. So how does this work? Pretty simple. Here's the relevant snippet from Blockbench's code base. You initialize an Eyedropper by calling new Eyedropper. Then you just await the result of a call to its open function, which is an sRGB hex color string. For more details on how to work with the Eyedropper, like Blockbench, see the article, picking colors of any pixel on the screen with the Eyedropper API. The Eyedropper API is supported on Chromium-based browsers as of version 95. You can talk about Minecraft codes and not dream of becoming a game developer. Guess what? My next example may make this dream come true. Construct 3 is a fantastic web-based game-making software. You can use it to create anything from platformers to puzzles to racing games and much more. If you don't want to, you don't even have to touch code for your game. Of course, Construct 3 is in a project Fugu API showcase. Zooming in on its card, you can see it uses a ton of Fugu APIs. There's a lot to potentially dive into, but I want to put the emphasis on Construct 3's file system access. Here, I'm editing one of the examples, PopLab. On the screen here, you can see that it says Z2Select. Hmm, let's change that to S as in SELECT. Let me save my changes by a menu, Save As, save a single file. Let's call the file poplap.c3p. Now, Construct 3 holds a reference to the file, which means I can just press Command plus S to save any further changes to the same file without having to go through a new save dialog every time. But what's really cool is that when I reload the app, I can continue where I left off. This works because Construct 3 has a stored serialized version of the file handle into indexed DB. Here, I show the code for saving a file. Construct 3 calls the window.showSiveFailPocket method. It uses an ID of saveProject file, which the browser will use to remember the working directory. With the types field, the Construct 3 developers give the user a hint about the type of file via a localized description and via the accept field, tell the browser that Construct 3 saves its files via the MIME type application slash x-construct3-project using the C3P file extension. To learn how to save files like Construct 3 in a way that works in all browsers, check out the aptly named pattern, how to save a file. The file system access API works in Chromium-based browsers as of version 86. Other browsers can use a fallback solution. If you build a game, you alternate game assets. Some of these game assets you might actually want to create as a scalable vector graphic, SVG for short. Boxer SVG is a great app for editing and creating SVGs. Boxer SVG is built around the idea that user interfaces should get out of the way. There's no crowded workspace with overlapping dialogues or dozens of open pallets and toolbars. The illustration takes the center of the stage. Surprise, surprise. Boxer SVG is in the product Fugu API showcase. As the other app so far, Boxer SVG 2 uses several Fugu APIs. Especially interesting is the local font access API. With Boxer SVG's text tool, I can add text to my drawing. In the typography panel, I can choose the font for the text. Boxer SVG integrates with the Google Fonts directory, but thanks to the local font access API, I can also get access to the fonts installed locally on my computer. Let's choose one of my favorite classics, Mark of Felt. The way this works is surprisingly simple. After feature detecting if query local fonts exists on window, all that remains is actually calling the function. It returns a promise with an area of the installed local fonts. It's an asynchronous function because if the user hasn't granted access to their fonts yet, it will show a prompt asking the user if they want to share their fonts. Remember that the list of installed fonts can be used as a tracking vector. So you only want to give it out when you trust the site. If you want to let your users pick their locally installed fonts like Boxer SVG, read the article, use advanced typography with local fonts. The API is supported on Chromium-based browsers as of version 103. The last app I want to look at is Photoshop. The Adobe Manage to get a version of Photoshop running on the web still blows my mind. Photoshop is an image creation and photo editing software developed by Adobe. The tool provides many image editing features for pixel-based raster graphics, but also vector graphics. For its UI, it makes heavy use of web components based on lit. Like all other tools mentioned so far, it too is contained in the project Fugu API showcase. And as a powerful app, it obviously uses several different Fugu APIs. I want to focus on Adobe's use of the Origin Private File System. The file system standard introduces an Origin Private File System, or OPFS for short, as a storage endpoint private to the origin of the page and not visible to the user that provides optional access to a special kind of file that is highly optimized for performance. Photoshop uses files in the Origin Private File System for the performance zooming of images, which is an expensive operation. To make zooming as smooth as possible, Photoshop stores the image at different pre-calculated zoom levels in so-called MIP maps. As you can imagine, whenever you make a change to an image, the MIP maps need updating as well. Adobe really needed the fastest possible way to get access to files. And this was through the Origin Private File System. The full implementation details are of course Adobe's secret. But using the OPFS Explorer extension for the Chrome DevTools, you can peek under the hood a bit and see how the source it is made. The files in a temp folder that begin with Photoshop are the MIP maps. You can see that they get quite big and here I'm only editing a small image. What is not a secret though, is how Photoshop gets access to the Origin Private File System. They first obtain a root directory by calling the asynchronous function navigator storage get directory. Next, they create a new file handle by calling the likewise asynchronous function get file handle on the root directory, passing it the name of the desired file and a boolean flag called create that says the file should be created if it doesn't exist. Finally, they obtain an access handle by calling create sync access handle, which is the last asynchronous function in the chain. All other operations like write, get size, and read, et cetera, are then synchronous. So Adobe can access them without overhead from M-scripten, which is what they have used to port Photoshop over to the web. To learn how to use the Origin Private File System like Adobe, read the article, the Origin Private File System. The Origin Private File System is supported on Chromium-based browsers as of version 86, Firefox as of version 111, and Safari as of version 15.2. Wow, five amazing apps that all use Fugu APIs. Let's briefly recap what we've seen. We saw image editing app PhotoPeer and how it uses the file handling API so PhotoPeer users can start editing images right from their file explorer. We looked at low-poly 3D model editor blockbench use of the idropa API to let the user pick colors from anywhere on their screen. We learned how Game Editor Construct 3 uses the file system access API to let users save their creations to disk and enable a natural, edit, save, edit flow. We experienced how SVG edited a boxy SVG lets the users pick the fonts they have locally installed on their computers. And finally, we don't forbid until how Photoshop uses the Origin Private File System for high performance access to metadata files. Now the big question is, what will we see next? What's the next amazing app that you build with Fugu APIs? Remember to check out the Project Fugu API Showcase for inspiration. Also, definitely see our collection of amazing patents to get you started in a way that works on all browsers, not just Chrome. Oh, and just to be sure and avoid any misunderstanding, you can use Fugu APIs from all frameworks or with just vanilla JS. With that, thank you very much for watching. I can't wait to see your apps get added to the Project Fugu API Showcase.


Takk, og det er en fantastisk pleit å være her i denne instituen. Jeg er for mange år nå en minister og først en deputatsminister, men min origin er i ekonomisk verden, og jeg var for mange år i den Norvigens Institut for Internationale Affæren. Så jeg føler alltid mye at hjem når jeg er i en institut for å lære, og forhållelse og forskning, selvfølgelig. Og jeg er veldig glad for å ha denne muligheten til å share med dere mine og Norvigens muligheter på arktiske. Det er definitivt en region som er karterisert, både med en stor mulighet, men også med kjallenge, mener om ekologisk eller politisk. Og jeg tror det er et tema som skal interessere landene, selv hvis de ikke er direkte arktiske landene. Og vi begynner å se ut at landene i mange deler av the world har en stor interesser for hva som er gjennom. Når jeg gikk en løsning på mange av de simulige problemer i Singapore, er de ikke particularst arktiske i klimat, samtidig løsninger i Dublin, selv om de er 1 grader norsk av ekvater, så i hvert fall er de på den større side av det vendinglinje. Men deres interesser, selvfølgelig, er det for å skjønne naturen. Så bare til å illustrere at det er en bred, og jeg kommer til å spille hvorfor, men det er en bred rang av landene og områder, som er nå interesseret i de mage skjønne som er gjennom i arktiske, hva det betyr, og hva det kan begynne for forfølgelig. Norge, selvfølgelig, har en stor polertradisjon. Vi usede å gjøre eksploittasjon og eksplorasjoner av både Nordpol og Søtpol, og Arlen har også en polertradisjon med Søren Arnes tennerhjækkelton, som var engageret og som er ganske ganske ganske ganske ganske ganske ganske, dvs. polertradisjon. Og også en ganske ganske ganske ganske ganske ganske ganske, som var engageret i mange av de Søtpol eksploittasjoner, og så gikk de til å sette opp en publikasjon, eller en liten pøbb i landet, som var ganske enn Kari, som var ganske enn Søtpol innen. Og later har han vært, som jeg har tatt, i en Guinness-advertisjement, sagt at Guinness er god for deg, noe på Søtpol. Så det er en ærlig historie som også til polen. Jeg har en slags, jeg håper du kan alle se dem, om den arktiske, den nye crossroads. Og det jeg refererer til er de crossroads, også i geografiske termene, de tre av de mest dynamiske ekonomiske i verden, eller de tre mest dynamiske ekonomiske i verden, i Østernasien, Europa og Nordamerika. Klimatet har blitt ganske fast. Det er selvfølgelig bade news, og jeg vil prefere alt jeg vil si om oppgjortning, gjennom å gjøre det veldig klart, at en av de reisene behind denne ganske interesse i arktiske er klimatet, ekologisk ganske, og det er definitivt ikke gode news. Det er en sign av global warming. Global warming er fast på polen, og i alle partier på planetet. En 2 % celsius-degåning, generell på planetet, vil lede til en 4 % increase på både polen, fordi på hvor klimatet fungerer. Så det er en naturlig ting, og det vi kan se i arktisken, er at det ikke er kreativt i arktisken, men de konsekvenser som har vært i arktisken. Det er en poler projektsjon i verden. Vi er veldig ganske like denne mapen i Norge, fordi det viser hvor sentralt vi er. De mer tradisjone mapene som du bruker å se, har gammelt oss veldig far, og på enden av verden, men her er vi ganske mer sentralt, så vi preferer denne, jeg tror det er det. Arlen er over her, så vi er på mapen, og ikke så far, men vi ser på det som vi ser. Det er en projektsjon når det er stort mye av iken. Men de mener når denne iken melder, som det er, først er denne iken ganske, jeg har en bild av det lager. Iken er ganske ganske ganske ganske ganske ganske, men det er også ganske å begynne å begynne å begynne å begynne å begynne. Så vi tar mer iken over på kanadens side, og det er en kanadens og alaskans side, og det er en less on our side, hvilket, som betyr, fortsatt til nord, og til norske passager, og eventuelt til en polertransportrout mellom Europa og Asia, er å presentere seg som relevant. Når vi prøver om arkitektiske eller høy norske issue, som vi bruker å gjøre i denne norske setningen, er det en multid av issue som kommer opp. Det er selvfølgelig det issue av sekuritet, både internationale sekuritet, men også sikkerhet og sekuritet, hvordan vi sikker at vi har bra kontroll over disse issue, klimat, som driver har sagt, en frå på juristikken, hva begynner til hvem, og hvordan vi solver potenskere disputer om hva begynner til hvem. Iskjus av skjipping, først en oppgjortning til å gjøre mer destinasjoner. Skjipping som ikke går gjennom arkitektiske, men for norske arkitektiske. Først en eksempel på Røsja. Røsja er hittet på globalt skjipping, i flere sikkerheter, men en av dem er at mange sikkerheter i norsk Røsja er nødvendig av skjipping, i en lang tid av året. Norsk sommer i denne senten, blir det langt. I samme tid, meldingen av permafrost, den permanentlige frosen, parten av tundra, meldingen, og det er det som er svært, de traditionelle, on-land transportrød, røde, røde, sittet, som er byggt på toppen av tundra, brenger ned. Jeg har sett pictures av en sovjet-erariet, voksne, som er faktisk kollapser, fordi det er byggt på frosen land, og det er ikke frosen langt. Så de både kan gjøre mer av transport i norsk, destinasjoner. Men også så transitt-sjipping er ganske relevant. Arktisk er en lage area, og det er ingen absolutt ganske definisjere av hva det er, de siste og mest ganske ganske definisjere er everything north of the Arctic Circle, det er en ganske significant part of the world, everything from 66.67 and upwards degrees north. And there are also different temperature range definitions. But anyway there are a number of countries who are actually in the Arctic. A more than half of Norway's territory is in the Arctic and there are a lot of people living in the Arctic in Norway, in Alaska, in Russia and of course on Greenland which is why Denmark should be added to the list of Arctic countries. It's an Arctic country through Denmark through Greenland. Here's a picture of the changing ice landscape. Last year we had the lowest recorded extension of the ice cap in recorded time actually. Although it's not completely linear because it goes a little bit up and down, the long trend line is that this is going to continue and we have already done things on the globe which will make it continue to go in this direction even if we all went on bicycle stop driving, stopped hitting our houses today. So the long term effects of already existing should we say investments in global warming. On the opportunity side this means that there are new areas that become interesting for exploitation of energy, for instance. This is a LNG facility in the very high Norwegian north and an LNG transport ship which puts liquid fried gas and export them to basically anywhere you'd like. They can go to North America. The demand is decreasing because of the fast growth of American self dependence on energy or to Europe or also to Asia where the demand is rising. When gas transports become more LNG based it also means that the gas as a commodity the nature of the commodity is changing because traditionally gas has been transported and still is of course in pipelines which requires a very long term agreement first to build it and then in order to finance it there must be a continued agreement security of demand, security of supply for many many years. Now with the LNG you can put the gas on the ship and you can sail it and just like oil you can actually sell the contents on the ship while the ship is sailing so it's a completely different commodity in the international markets and access to exploitation further north is becoming possible access to transport all this comes together so the Arctic is becoming a significant energy region Norway of course is a major exporter of both oil and gas but in Norway as well as other parts of the world the percentage of oil is going down relative to the gas and the percentage of oil gas is going up. We actually actively promote natural gas as an important bridge to countries that are undergoing sort of an what the Germans call the energy bend or the striving towards more renewable energy but also as a permanent composition of a more environmentally friendly energy because it's the cleanest of the non-redubles so it's less clean than hydroelectric and so on but it's more clean than obviously cold and oil and so on so this is important for us but it's even more important for Russia and it's important in Alaska and it's important in Canada and this is a big thing the American geological survey is suggesting that more than 20% of the remaining undiscovered oil and gas reserves are likely to be in what we refer to as the Arctic this is also an area of very rich fishing potential and not only potential it's being utilized we have a large fishing fleet of course they can now go further north so can others and they have to because the fish is also changing their patterns with global warming certain types of fish stocks are looking for colder waters cold for instance are moving where they actually go because of the changing temperature so new issues new opportunities we see this as on the global strategic issue because we are currently 7 billion people on the planet some calculations suggest that will be at least 9 billion before it sort of flattens out and there's hardly enough food that can be produced on land but there is a tremendous potential in producing more proteins at sea but only if we manage our waters well not only managing the fish stocks but also managing the ecological conditions under which the fish live so this is also a major issue and of course the intersection between energy, exploitation and fish is clearly important and needs a holistic approach minerals there are in the Arctic on land and offshore there are significant precious metals and other minerals for which there is a high demand Norway surprisingly to some is now again becoming a major exporter of metals and of minerals this is actually loading a ship with iron ore which is going from from Kirkenes in northern Norway the most northe eastern corner of Norway to China or Japan to the northwest it's happening it's not sort of science fiction it's happening this ship has sailed it has arrived and there are several transports like that so it's also a kind of a mineral region shipping when rather than if I say when but when the northeast passage has become even more commercially attractive region or transport route it will reduce the time it takes to sail from Yokohama to Rotterdam or the other way around by 40% shorter and at least in summer time where there is hardly any ice almost normal speeds which means it's also 40% faster and you avoid sort of conflictual areas like the Malacca straits the Bay of Alden and so on as I told this audience I referred to in Singapore it will take many many many years before this is the dominant route this is not just about like a couple of years this is the dominant route but it's a supplementary route which is going to be interested for certain types of shipping which also when this really is happening it means that if you remember the first picture of the polar cap the traditional conception that the world continues up to the north pole and that's the end will then be substituted with the conception that the world goes up to the north pole and then it continues on the other side which of course was always true but conceptually not the way we saw it it's just the way to connect to other continents and it's going to happen big time between all these issues shipping which also has ecological dimensions first because there is a risk of accidents of course oil spills but also because shipping itself does affect the natural habitat it brings waters from one part of the for one type of climate and one habitat to another oil and gas exploitation, fishing itself other exploitation of minerals all of this of course has to be managed in a cohesive an integrated fashion between countries who are interested in this that's an ambition I think every Arctic Sage shares but of course going from the ambition to actually doing it is going to be challenging so there is a lot of research going on the Spitsbergen islands or Svalbard as we call them are increasingly a center of international research a number of countries have established have used the right to free the free access to establish oneself in Svalbard also to establish research stations and there is a lot of specialized investigation going on and this which including in the small town of Ni-Oldersund which is the northern most place where people live the whole year around in the world and that is on Arctic research it's on climate research and it's on how to use the potential and it's an international cooperation arena in itself what is incredibly important that's my one takeaway message from the speech which is more important than everything else I say is that the international convention or the UN convention or the law of disease applies to the Arctic this is not only me saying as the Norwegian Foreign Minister but every Arctic State Greece that any dispute should be settled under the auspices of the institution set up under the law of disease convention that's very important that includes America despite of the fact that the US never has ratified although several presidents from both parties have tried does not preclude that the US actually explicitly declares that they see themselves as bound by the obligations of the unclos very important unfortunately for them they are not entitled to the rights so I often question in the US why do you want to join in a way where you only have obligations and are right that's up to them but that's what they do and so does Russia Denmark, so does Canada, so do we and all the Arctic States agree on this this should of course be obvious in order to make sure there was no disagreement on this we had a meeting of the directly Arctic countries those were directly affected by you know you're actually in the Arctic in Ilulisat in Greenland in 2008 and came up with the foreign ministers declaration just confirming that this is the agreement and there are less and less disputed areas we settled our issue I'll show you a map afterwards we settled our issue with the Russians for 40 years of negotiations just before Christmas one of the remaining disagreements between Canada and Denmark was solved in the Lincoln Sea and there were several other processes which suggest that less and less of the Arctic is actually disputed and it's important to say that because there is a popular conception in many parts of the world that there is a kind of race for the Arctic it's a kind of Klondike it's free for all and who comes first can grab the resources that's not true most of the interesting resources are actually within what is the agreed boundaries or agreed legal economic zone of either country and that means that this is in principle an ocean that is very well you know very well placed for being an ocean of cooperation and not conflict and that has been very central to our high north policies is to say that this is the high north but there is low tension Norway and Russia originally the Norway and the Soviet Union actually had for 40 years until 2010 which means from around 1970 disagreed about where the the lineation should be between their two economic zones but what is extremely important is not the details of what these sort of stippled lines are but is that Russia and the Soviet Union before them agreed that this should be settled according to international law there was not like in the in some other parts of the world where there is a dispute between those who are saying these are historic rights anyway and those who claim international law agreed that international law applies it was just that their lawyers had an interpretation more favorable to them and our lawyers had an interpretation more favorable to us surprise 170 6,000 square kilometers of quite attractive waters so it's quite significant but eventually we were able to draw a line and that was based on obviously political will to get it settled but also based on an actual closing of the legal disagreement by good lawyers on both side or good legal expert on both side agreeing about more and more of what would be the final settlement over many years and it's very good to say that for us that we now have no disagreements with anyone in our neighborhood we have neither land border nor maritime sovereign borders nor economic zone border disputes with anyone and that's increasingly the case for the Arctic I think it's very important just look at the South China Sea to see a comparative example this refreshment over time has led to a quite good cooperation with Russia this is from the Russia-Norwegian border you see normal people up there there is people to people contact more and more border crossing and the state to state relationship between my country and Russia is good and stable and predictable we of course are seeing some of the same domestic developments within Russia when it comes to the extent of democracy and NGO laws and some which we take up and criticize as everybody else but the bilateral relationship is good at the same time the Kola peninsula is remains the most important military base of Russia most of the strategic armory the nuclear weapons submarine based or aircraft based are in the high north not because of us, not because of the Arctic but simply because that's the most interesting place for them to be for strategic purposes so we are at the same time a neighbor of still quite potent military power just across the border from us this is a nuclear powered and nuclear armed submarine this class of submarines hold 16 nuclear missiles each and it's an important part of the second strike capability of Russia which they take still take quite seriously so we also see the Russians in their military activities I used to be defense minister and was quite a lot involved in this and this was if not weekly it was quite often this is a Norwegian F16 meeting Russian strategic bomber outside on the right side of our borders not violating anything but following the Norwegian border down to the United Kingdom area responsibility and we respond to that by going up and calling them and escorting them down so we have disengagement as well and for balance it should be said so we have a rather significant part of our military capabilities in the north but not directed against anyone not because we think this is an area of conflict simply because there is a lot to look after and the military is a part of that endeavor then towards the end there I'll mention the the main international institutions of course I did mention the law of the seas convention and all the bodies that comes out of that but we have also over the last year strengthened the Arctic Council and the Arctic Council has eight members that's Russia, Canada US, Denmark Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland and a number of observers and there is a big debate in the Arctic Council and around it about whether to open up for more observers including European Union as such and China and South Korea and a number of other interested parties mine is that we should open up because it's good that these countries and institutions are interested in what's going on in the Arctic and also because we think it's better that we use the forum that is already in place rather than creating an alternative forum but there are, I think it's publicly known different views about that within the Arctic Council to which extent we should keep it as a closed trap and to which extent we should open up to more observers members are likely to remain traditional members who are close to actually being in the Arctic this is one, this is a Chinese vessel who has been very active over the last year in the Arctic it's called the Snow Dragon very nice Chinese name and the Snow Dragon is there because China for perfectly logical reasons is interested in what's going on it's interested in understanding what's the potential and is interested in resources all over the world and they have a significant research effort and they're more than welcome but it's sort of one of the players that we are seeing increasingly active also in the Arctic so back to my point this is not only for directly active countries actually boarding the Arctic as a search I'll end there this is just a reminder that this is a place where people live it's not a kind of ultimatule where you find no life people have their normal lives appear like in Svolvar there's one example of many small towns or cities on our Nordic rim and also we know the countries you see the people live there and more and more people will live in the Arctic both because it is possible and secondly because there is something to do there and I think that it's again take away my search it's an area that illustrates both some of the serious challenges confronting the globe when it comes to global warming and its consequences it opens up for a set of opportunities they have to be managed because they will not manage themselves but they can be managed through good international cooperation which is why my government has put this on its very top of its foreign policy agenda to promote good cooperation good norms and good understanding of what's going on in the Arctic


Craft presents the Great Gilder Sleeve. Cheese company will also bring you Bing Crosby every Thursday night. Present each week at this time Harold Perry is the Great Gilder Sleeve. Written by John Wheaton and Sam Moore. We're from the Great Gilder Sleeve in just a moment. These next few days, many of you will be making plans for weekend Halloween parties. And if you're planning to serve sandwiches, or perhaps waffles, muffins, or piping up biscuits, here's a way to really please your guests. Serve your baking treats with delicious parquet margarine. Spread your sandwiches with this quality margarine made by craft. Parquet has a pleasing aroma and a delicate flavor that is sure to delight your most critical guest. In fact, parquet is winning new friends everywhere for the delicious flavor it adds to other fine foods. Parquet not only tastes good, it's nutritiously good for you, contains vitamin A. And each pound of parquet provides 9,000 units of important vitamin A for good nutrition. Besides, parquet is an excellent energy food. This grand-tasting, nutritious spread for America's bread requires only four ration points a pound. So delight your guests at Halloween. Please your family every day with delicious nourishing parquet. That's P-A-R-K-A-Y. Parquet margarine made by craft. On to Summerfield in the Great Gilder Sleeve. It's been a long day. Things were busy at the water department, but it's over now, and the commissioner homeward plods his weary way. As he comes up the front walk, dusk is falling and the windows are aglow. Stepping over an upturned rake and kicking aside Leroy's roller skates, he enters the house and pauses to survey a pretty picture of contentment. Bertie is in the dining room setting the table.  On the couch lies Marjorie, a gentle swoon listening to the radio. He's your sister? No. I mean, sure. Then do it. Bertie, how long before dinner? Having, Bertie? Oh, something you like. That's a little indefinite. I like a lot of things. Don't worry, you're going to have a lot of things. Well, it wouldn't be something with dump. Well, let it go. Leroy, I've told you not to play with fire. Why aren't you doing your homework? Oh, gosh, Yonk, it doesn't make any sense. What doesn't? The homework she gave us. I don't get it. That's because you haven't tried. What's the assignment? It's a composition. How my uncle earns his living. Isn't that silly? Not at all, young man. I think that's a very good subject. I think every boy should know what it means to have to earn a living. Every girl, too, Marjorie. What? I say I think children ought to know the meaning of hard work. It might teach them a little respect for money. Well, Uncle Maud, the only reason I went over my allowance... Yes, I know. I know the same thing every week. Let me ask you something. Have you any idea what I have to do to earn our daily bread? Well, I know your water commission. Yes, but have you any conception of what that means? It means you get free water. You get free nothing. Nothing in this world is free, young man. The sooner you find out about it, the better. I'll tell you what I'll do. Tomorrow is Saturday. I'll give you both a treat. I'm going to take you down to the office with me and show you what goes on there. Then you can come home, Leroy, and write about it. Oh, boy. Yes, sir. I'll show you the whole thing from start to finish. I'll show you how a well-run waterwork should be conducted. I'll show you how he maintains service 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Sunday, Monday, and always. It was nice of you to drive us down, Judge. Glad to do it. I was coming anyway. Marjorie, allow me. This, of course, is the city hall, children. I suppose you've been here before. Only about a million times. Perhaps you'd like to show me around. Open the door for your sister. What is she? Helpless? After you, Judge. Oh, after you, Throckmorton.  You first. Well... Make up your mind. We'll make up yours. Let's all go out and come in again. On this floor, we have various departments. There's the office of the school board. I'd like to lay a bomb there. Never mind. Department of Health, Department of Sanitation, and down at the end of the hall is where Judge Hooker has his chambers. Things you wouldn't believe. Nothing to what goes on in the water department. The water department, Judge, is a smoothly functioning, highly efficient organization as I'm about to demonstrate to these children. Mind if I join the tour? Why? Well, you make it sound so fascinating. I don't know what your game is, Judge Hooker. Go ahead, Leeroy. Not very big, is it? The size of a man's office, young man, does not indicate the importance of his position. Besides, this is only the outer office. Your uncle's office is even smaller. Yeah, thank you.  You have to write about this, you know. First, the various members of the organization. My secretary sits there. Where is she? Eh, she must have stepped out. Then there's the meter reader. That's his desk. Where's he? Reading meters. And out at the pump house, there's Charlie Anderson, the engineer. Over here, children, we have the files. This is the water cooler. Pencil sharpener, hat rack. Wash basin, then, so on. Fascinating. Oh, here she is. Children, I want you to meet my private secretary, Miss, her name's Bessie. Hello. Hi. Hello. Oh, Mr. Gildersleeve, I'm ever glad to see you. This man has been calling up every five minutes. The worst nuisance. What does he want? I don't know. He wants to speak to you. I finally just told him. I said, Mr. Gildersleeve is a very busy man. Quite right. I said, if you have anything to say to Mr. Gildersleeve, I'm going to read a letter. That was very good, Bessie. Oh, but he was so mad. The things he said. Probably some crank. No, I think he was an Indian. An Indian? Yes. He called himself Chief Rosecrans. Rosecrans?  No wonder he was burned out. Oh, my goodness. Get him on the phone. No, don't. What did he want? I don't know, Mr. Gildersleeve, he just kept hollering at me about the water pressure. What about the water pressure? He said there wasn't any. Oh, that Bessie. I'm going to have to let her. Turn on the faucet there in the wash basin. Who says there's no water? Well, it's no rushing torrent. Well, what do you want? Something will splash all over you every time you turn it on? Gildy old man, do you remember how you got into this office? What do you mean? Remember when Clanahan was commissioner here? Yes, and I'll match my record with his any day. Do you remember how you started a petition against him because the pressure was always low? That was different. There happens to be a war on now.  Bessie, get me Charlie Anderson out at the pump house. Yes, sir. I don't know who I ever took this job. Always somebody finding fault. Something wrong, uncle? Oh, no. Everything is peachy, Leroy. Lifty Gildersleeve. Here, give it to me. Hello, Charlie. This is Mr. Gildersleeve. Who? Gildersleeve. What's happened to the pressure? Can't hear you. I say this is Gildersleeve. What's happened to the pressure? Oh, that busted speaker. Well, stop hollering and listen. I can't hear you. Way to turn off the pump. Wait a minute. Don't do that, Charlie. Whatever you do, don't turn off the pump. Now, you stay where you are. I'll be right out there. Oh, I've got to go. I've got to get out to the reservoir. But how will you get there? We didn't bring the car. I'll use the judges. You got the key, judge? Well, wait a minute. Thank you. Come on, Leroy. Hey, what about my A-tickets? What about them? He-he-he. Ronnie must be in the pump house, Leroy. Boy, what a racket. Hey, Uncle Charlie. Well, what do you want? Come up here, will you? Can't you see I'm busy? I want to talk to you for a minute. Oh, all right, Dad. Bust it. Talk, talk, talk. That's all anybody does around here. See, that's all anybody does. Some dirn fool called me up a little while ago, wanted to know what is the matter with the pressure.  The dirn fool was me. Oh. Well, it still goes. And I still want to know what's wrong. Come on outside, Charlie, where we can talk. Now, what's the trouble with the pressure? Well, what do you think it is? You've got eyes, ain't you? You've got ears. That dad-busted snifter valve. Can't run the pump only half speed. Why not?  That's why I'm not. Well, can't you hear? No. Well, maybe you... No, can't do a dad-busted thing. No, look here, Charlie. You may be running the pump, but I'm running the waterworks. Mr. Gillesleve, if you don't like the way I run the pump, you can get yourself another boy. No, I'll be reasonable, Charlie. If you needed a new part for the pump, you should have called it to my attention long ago, before it became an emergency. Why, dad-busted, I sent you a requisition for that snifter valve three months ago. I never saw it. Holy Toledo. No requisition for any snifter valve ever reached me. Sure it did, Aunt. What do you know about it? Well, don't you remember that time you tried to stand on your head at the picnic? Him stand on his head? Yeah, Mrs. Ransom dared him to. Leroy. You must do what a snifter valve was. I don't see how that could possibly be, Leroy, because, well, I never carry important papers around with me, or if I did, it must have been something, and, well, there's a war on, you know.  That's your boy, Mr. Gildersleeve. He's my nephew.  Yeah, chip off the old block, yeah. Charlie, you gotta help me out here. We gotta get that water pressure up some way. It's gonna look bad. Mr. Gildersleeve, if I was to put a full head of steam onto that snifter valve, she'd blow from here to Christmas. How do you know? You haven't tried it, have you? Of course I ain't tried it. What do you think?  Mr. Gildersleeve, before I put another pound of steam onto that donkey engine, I'll quit. Yes, sir, you can get yourself another boy. Yeah, all right, boy, now keep your shirt on. Just show me how, and I'll do it myself. Show you how? Well, it's gotta be done, Charlie. We gotta get the pressure up some way, and right away. Oh, all right, I'll try it. But remember, if she blows, she blows. If she blows, she blows. I must be getting soft in the head. Come on. Be careful now, Charlie. It's a fine time to tell me that. Keep an eye on that pressure gauge when I open her up. Yeah, let her go. Yeah, that's the stuff. What's the gauge say? 245. It's coming up. 250. 260. 270. Great work, Charlie, keep it up. 280. 290. I haven't got sense enough not to take orders from somebody who doesn't know the first thing about pumps. You ought to quit. And watch out, or I'll get myself another boy. The elder sleeve will be with us again in just a few seconds. Who doesn't remember those good old Halloween parties when the whole family bobbed for apples and gobbled up huge fistfuls of crispy, crunchy popcorn? If everyone in your family likes popcorn as much as I do, try this at your Halloween get-together. Pop up an extra big bowl full of heaps and heaps of it. And to make it taste extra good, drench that popcorn with melted parquet margarine. Mmm, there's a way to really enjoy popcorn with delicious parquet. Of course, most everyone likes delicious, satisfying parquet margarine spread on bread, rolls, pancakes, and waffles. That's how it's enjoyed most often as a delicious spread. Parquet is wonderfully nourishing, too. One of the best energy food you can serve. And remember, each pound of parquet contains 9,000 units of important vitamin A. Parquet bears the seal of acceptance of the Council on Foods and Nutrition of the American Medical Association. So tomorrow, get parquet, P-A-R-K-A-Y, the quality margarine made by craft. Carry back the Great Gilder Sleeve.  All these are well-fixed fellas alongside of a water commissioner without an H2O. But this is the flight in which our hero finds himself now as he sits in his office listening while his emergency staff handles the complaints of Summerfield's bone-dry citizen. Water department, service will be resumed as soon as possible. Water department... It's due to circumstances beyond our control. Service will be resumed as soon as possible. Water department? Service will be resumed at our earliest convenience. Birdie, that's not what I told you to say. Oh, I'm sorry, Mr. Gillespie. No, sir, Mr. Gillespie isn't here. I'm sorry, sir, I can't answer that. Birdie, give me that telephone. Yes, sir. I told you this was a little out of my line, Mr. Gillespie. Yeah, never mind, Birdie. Hello, Gillespie talking. Oh, hello, Your Honor. Sheeper's a mayor. Well, I... Yeah. Huh? Yes, Your Honor, I'll be over right away. Oh, I gotta go see the mayor. Uh-oh. I'll be back in a few minutes. Water department. Say, how do I have to stay here all afternoon? Leroy, don't you want to help me? What else have you got to do? I've got to write my composition on how you make your living. Well, don't write it today. By tomorrow I may be in another line of work. Well, Gillespie, you certainly turned out to be a fine water commissioner. Your Honor, this was due to circumstances beyond my control. I'll do the talking. I just want to give you a little advice. Thank you. If this town stays dry about two hours longer, you'll probably be ridden out of it on a rail. But, Your Honor, it wasn't my fault. No. No, sir, it was due to circumstances beyond my control. In the first place, my chief engineer is incompetent. That's nothing to me or to the public. If your engineer is no good, get another one. I've looked all over town. There aren't any. Then you'll have to get along with the one you got. I can't do that, Your Honor. Why not? Well, in the first place, he used unbecoming language to me. I don't blame him. And in the second place, he quit. Gilders sleeve your dumber than I thought. I am not. Yes, you are. Now, I don't care how you do it, but get that water running this afternoon. Yes, Your Honor. Why did I ever get into politics? I could have had a nice quiet life selling insurance or lady stockings. Uh, hello, Charlie. I can't... Why... I've got to talk to you. I've got to talk to you. What's wrong, Dad? Well, I want to apologize. What? I want to apologize. I want to... Apologize. Well, that's different. That's weird. Well, I'm sorry. I said those things to you, Charlie. Will you come and fix the pump? No. I don't know when there was a catch to it. Will you come back, Charlie? Please? No, Mr. Gilders sleeve. I'm darned if I will. Charlie, this is an emergency. Summerfield is depending on me. Yeah, you are. Completely. Well, all I got to say is anybody depends on you as a darned jackass. Yes. Now, Charlie, let's try to discuss this in a dignified manner. There ain't anything to discuss, Mr. Gilders sleeve. No, look here, Charlie. I can probably take legal action in a case like this. Go ahead and take it. Judge Hooker is a pretty good friend of mine, you know. All right, let him fix the pump. That was not my idea. I'll get him to... you know, a darned telephone. The trouble with phones is some darned jackass is always calling up. You don't have to tell me. Hello, yes! What do you think about it? The pump's busted. I got to have it for dinner tomorrow. Well, Mr. Gilders sleeve, I guess I got to try to fix that darned pump after all. Great, Charlie. Great. I knew your civic pride wouldn't let summerfield down. Civic pride, my elbow. My wife's lady's got to have water tonight or I don't get a shirt for the elk's dinner. Right about here, commissioner. Here? Yes, yes, that's fine. Now, if you could just say a few words into the microphone, please, just testing, you know. Lady? Lady Heeson, gentlemen. Fine, fine. You'll be all right, commissioner. Now, we'll just stand by. Stand by. What does that mean? Ladies and gentlemen, we bring you at this time Summerfield's water commissioner, who has an important message for us regarding the crisis in the water supply. Mr. Throckmorton P. Gilders sleeve. Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, due to circumstances beyond our control, the water's been off for several hours. This was caused by difficulties over priorities due to the war. That is, we were unable to secure a certain type of valve which our water pump required. Yes, yes, that's right. Clears up the situation nicely, commissioner. Now, would it be possible for you to make an estimate at this time regarding when service may be resumed? Oh, yes. Yes. I'm happy to say that a core of skilled engineers is now working on the pump under my personal supervision, and we confidently expect service will be resumed in the near future. In the near future, fine. Well, I'm sure that's very good news for our listeners, commissioner. And I want to thank you for coming up here to WSUM for this timely interview. Throckmorton P. Gilders sleeve. Oh, thank you. I would like to say again that this breakdown was due to circumstances. Thank you very much, commissioner. We continue now with our alternate football scores, ladies and gentlemen. Crowley teachers 85, Christian Aggies nothing. Football scores, that's radio for you. Can't you hold it any tighter than that? I'm sorry, Charlie. Things pretty slippery, you know. Let me hold it for a while on. No, Leroy, this requires great physical strength. Leroy. Don't bother him, Leroy. I hate to bring this up again, but have you any idea how soon? No, dad, bust it, I haven't. Well, you're the superintendent here, and in my radio speech, I promise...  I'm doing the best I can.  I was only joking. Uncle Charlie. I told you not to bother him, Leroy. I'm not bothering him, I just asked a simple question. You asked too many simple questions. If you don't want me to write my composition, it's okay with me. I just don't want you to bother Charlie.  That's part of the pumping machinery. Oh, what's it for? I don't know exactly. It has something to do with the pressure, I think. What is that for, Charlie? It's a shaft, Governor. Keeps the pump running smooth and steady. Oh, yeah, that's about what I thought. What are you laughing at? Oh, nothing. I just happen to think of a joke I heard one time in the Vorderville show. What was the joke, Uncle Charlie? He ain't bothering me. I'll tell you what, Commissioner, if you could give me a hand at this thing now, we might see if she'll go on. You mean we're almost finished? No, no, but we can see if she fits anyway. Oh, fine. Now, what is it you want me to do? Can you get down there under them stuffing boxes? Certainly I can. Where are they? Down there. Kind of dirty. Better put on them overholes, hanging on a hook. Oh, yes, yes. Here they are, Uncle. Thanks. A little greasy. They ain't greasy inside. I'll hand this thing right down to you. All right, Charlie. Dark down here, isn't it? Well, you get used to it. Now lay down under that there stuffing box. I have to lie down? Yes. Okay. Well, I'll try. What's the matter, Uncle? I had to hit that darn whatchamacallit. That's the shaft, Governor. I don't care what it is. Well, can you make it under there? Part me. Do you have a hole in the end? You got it? Yes. Where your shoulder is, you find a little hole. Yes. Hook the pin bolt into that hole. Yes. What's the matter now? My head's in a puddle of oil. Well, it washes off, easy. Can you get that pin bolt in? I'm trying. There. Fasten the valve at this end. Then she'll be solid. All right, but hurry up. And keep your shirt on, Dad. Put that wrench there, will you, son? Here. What was that joke you remember, Uncle Charlie? Don't be telling jokes while I'm down here. Like a rat in the trap. All right, all right. Feel pretty solid. That's more than I do. Can I come out now? Yeah, sure, I guess so. Yeah. No. Geez. All right, Charlie. What do we do now? Well, I'll be Dad's blame if I know. The first time I ever made a snifter valve out of a coffee grinder. Oh? Well, do something. We could try starting her if you want to take a chance. Go ahead. All right, here goes. But you've been wrong before. Never mind that. Stand back, Leroy. Don't worry. I'm a better engineer than I thought. Charlie, you're the greatest engineer in the world. I got out of a nasty hole yesterday, didn't I? You did, Gillie. You asked me, you were pretty lucky. Lucky? What do you mean? I was pretty smart. It was my idea to give that interview on the radio. Gave the public the right impression of the whole thing. All right, all right. You were smart. Of course he was. Uncle Morton's always smart. Oh, he didn't go into that. You can get my goat today, Horace. But you're right, Marjorie. They gotta get up pretty early in the morning and that's your uncle's rock morning. I could erect my career as easily as not. Hi, Judge. Hi, Uncle. Hello, beautiful. Stop that. Leroy, I've asked you not to slam the front door. Oh, sorry, Uncle. I forgot. What do you think? What? My composition was voted the best in the class and they're gonna print it in the summer field indicator tomorrow. Congratulations. Is this on the level, Leroy? I'd love to hear it. Okay. Chip off the old block. My uncle's occupation. My uncle is a water commissioner and he has a very difficult position which he carries out with great efficiency supplying water to the people of summer field. Well, that's fine, Leroy. Not so bad, eh, Horace? Splendid. Splendid. He has to see that everyone gets water in their house or their place of business, which is very complicated. Very complicated. Oh, that boy writes with a real style by George. In addition, my uncle supervises all of the machinery that filters the water and pumps it into the pipes and he has to see that the pipes are in good condition. People don't realize what a difficult occupation my uncle has. Yes, sir. The boy's right. The reason the water was off yesterday was just because he left a requisition in his other pants. Leroy. The end. The end is right. Talk about Christmas after what you've done today. Now go away and let me read my newspaper. Well, gee, I wish I knew how I could make some money. Mow the lawn. It doesn't grow anymore. Break the leaves. I told you, Leroy, you don't get anything for nothing in this world. Here. Wait a minute. Here's something. For nothing? Well, practically. Here's a way to make some money. Collect old newspapers and the junk dealer downtown will give you $15 for a ton of them. $15? Hey, that's a lot of money. Yeah, but a ton is a lot of paper. Nonsense. You and your friends could collect it in a couple of afternoons. But there's 100 pounds of old newspapers in our basement right now. Boy, maybe Piggy and I could make some real money. Sure. Collect newspapers, magazines, wrapping paper, paper bags, all kinds of paper. But we need a wagon.  Hide the papers up in neat bundles and the junk man will come and get it. Boy, we'll be rich. Well, not rich. But the money isn't the main thing anyway. It's the army and navy that need the paper. More for? For all kinds of things. Let's see. It says here, the waste paper is used to make containers and cartons for food, supplies, and equipment needed at the front. 100 pounds of waste paper will make containers for 50, 75 millimeter shells. Yay. Waste paper is used to make bomb fins, parachute flares, camouflage paper, cartons for field rations, fuses, helmets. It's even used to pack blood plasma.  I'm talking to you too, ladies and gentlemen. Good night. This program was directed by Claude Swig. This is Ken Sopperner speaking for the Crafts Cheese Company, inviting you to listen again next Sunday for the further adventures of The Great Yielders League. This program has come to you from Hollywood. This is the national broadcasting...


Paul writes this teeny-tiny letter to Anesimus, who is characterized by slave language, but then Paul writes the following in verse 14 of the letter, But I prefer to do nothing without your consent in order that your good deed might be voluntary and not something forced. In a world where we are all embedded in systems of oppression, may we work to create relationships and transformative engagements that are rooted in enthusiastic consent, so that our efforts for radical social change are embedded in the politics of radical difference. This is the good news of the Gospel for emancipation for all.