Okay, welcome to the bookmap platform details webinar. This is Bruce at bookmap risk disclaimer trading equities in futures involves with central risk of loss and Is not suitable for all investors past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results I'll need to update this here soon because trading equities and futures and Cryptocurrencies will be included in the next release of bookmap and that will come out in mid-January and Crypto or Bitcoin is up at 15,000 or 16,000 something like that this morning. So The CBOE as well as a CME is going to be I think CBOE is today or tomorrow that they they offer access to trading but Yeah, I want to let you guys know about that the We have a really excellent connection to the Cryptocurrencies and that is something unique. Okay, it's gonna offer a lot of flexibility Wow, almost 17,000 Wow, thanks Robert. Okay. Yeah, amazing. I mean just amazing. So anyway I Can't wait to start to trade that with using bookmap because the visualization is You know, we're gonna really be able to utilize that and understand what's going on and I'll capture maybe a few hundred dollars in a in a very short you know, probably one minute move or or less and Anyway, let's let's move on and get into the platform details webinar here. So the Bookmap if you have more questions about it, you can find it at bookmap.com More information and there's a free trial. Okay, and It's 14 days and it comes with education you get access to the bookmap educational course and Then these advanced order flow webinars. So let me make a distinction between this webinar and the Webinar that will start in about a half an hour. Okay, that's the advanced order flow webinars, right? so this webinar is open to the public and To ask questions to understand what you're looking at in bookmap and then Just go over the basics Because this is a unique software a lot of people haven't seen data visualize market data visualize like this So we go through the basics and answer any questions Most of our Clients that our current customers or in trial they've gotten beyond that point. So we really dig deep into The order flow immediately. Okay, so that's the distinction between the two webinars and that's what you get with The trial or if you're currently subscribing Okay, if you have any questions, you can reach out to us at support at bookmap.com Let's see Enrique you have a few questions Is it really live looks like a playback? I don't know what you're talking about if you're talking about Bookmap here or if you're talking about something else Anyway Okay, you're testing me to see if this is live right now got it. All right interesting Okay, so let's let's take a look here at the bookmap website so Answer some questions for you guys just what bookmap is and what we're offering here Okay, so there's an intro video that'll give you some information. There's the About bookmap sessions sections here and then Some of the data feeds here one of them is we we connect to NASDAQ total view via dev experts This is a great data feed and it allows you access to all US equities. Okay, so bookmap is not just for futures and the Connectivity is the list is all here. Okay, bookmap is a software platform. We we are not a data provider You will need a data provider Okay, these are the ways that you can connect bookmap right now You can see you can also connect via ninja trader TTX trader pro and interactive traders workstation via the API Okay, however bookmap is a trading platform just like these these platforms here So you just input your credentials for your data feed or your broker to your account and you're up and running using CQG rhythmic gain IQ feed, etc. All right Okay, here's where you can find the free trial it's 49 per month for the basic and 99 per month for the advanced it is build quarterly It's free for 14 days though And the difference between these two versions are mostly right here Okay, the ability to trade right from the chart with bookmap these proprietary indicators that we put together that not only start to identify and visualize the order flow, but the players involve larger players holding large large lots or Entering with iceberg orders Okay, order book and balances and a correlation tracker as well And there's one click trading right from the chart is Really nice feature because we've got the heat map in front of us. So why not use it?  So you you're protected a little bit better Okay, quants you can reach out to us. You have you'll you'll have your specific needs Connecting your own data on indicators, etc. So just reach out to us, please Social media you can follow us on Twitter at bookmap underscore pro Okay, and then Subscribe to our YouTube page here all these different videos. There are several so start with the playlist here of bookmap intro And then features and components to understand the interface of bookmap and then these order flow video snippets This is where you're going to start to understand what you're looking at in bookmap and the order flow Okay, so we go through this in detail in the advanced webinars These videos here are much shorter. There's just a few minutes long But this is just going over the concepts of What we look at in detail in the advanced webinars All right, let's jump into bookmap and see what's going on Okay All right, let's see All right, so since I mean we do this every day And it's because there's a lot of new traders in here. So what is it? You're looking at here. All right, so We'll go through this. There's a lot of you that You know visualizing bookmap or the market here via bookmap Might look really foreign to you and it might look very complex. It's actually the opposite is very simple data and We do have like an indicator sub panel down here But I'm going to even close that up and we're just going to look at the main Historical chart for the moment. So what are we looking at? Just three items. We're looking at historical best bid and offer the volume dots that traded the volume that traded on the best bid and offer and Then we're looking at this grayscale heat map Which is showing you the the order book. Okay, so the dome All of the all of the data from from the dome is recorded and then projected onto the chart So that's it. That's all you're looking at. Okay, so what we can understand though and Gain insight to the behavior of that auction Okay, because look at look at this sixty three twenty area here.  Look at them supporting price here at sixty three twenty. They want to be buyers up here now That's pretty bullish and we can see the play out of it and we're approaching the big target area here of 33 Okay, so not only do we have understanding of how bullish they are in that auction by looking at the heat map But we can also start to target areas look how long these guys have been in here up at 33 Okay, long time. So what this is the target for the larger players Anyway, let's get into just this The the very basics of what you're looking at here and let me demo this and then I'll get into the Some of the order flow that's going on right now Okay, and I'm going to turn off all of these indicators and well, some of the proprietary indicators and The heat map and the volume and historical best bid and offer So this is a basic chart that we're all accustomed to looking at. It's a five-minute candlestick chart It's open high low close of a five-minute period okay, we have a volume sub chart here and What I want to cover is the opacity that this Candlestick chart is giving us we there's so much information here. We just do not see That is critical to making insightful trading decisions Okay, we just see open high low close of a period and that period is all aggregated Okay, within that five-minute bar We have no clue where the volume traded for example. We have no clue about microstructure that occurred within these periods that microstructure is key to understanding Areas that are broken and and then getting in early looking for continuation After that break of the microstructure Okay, it gives a lot of insight here and it's all Very Well, it's all aggregated so we cannot see what's going on here in those structures Okay, so let's just turn on historical best bid and offer and Here we go. Okay, so we can start to understand areas of Microstructure for example down here Okay, this is a double bottom from today in the NASDAQ of course, but this is what occurred And let me zoom into this area Okay, we can just click on this move tool hover over here and zoom in quickly All right, so we continued on in a downtrend here All right, and we we made a lower low in this area here okay, and There was a lot of trading down here And then what we're going to see though is that buyer stepped in okay And where did they step in we're going to see it probably in this area here because we broke this microstructure Okay, and we come we came back into the range here and traded back into it All right, this is going to be trapped volume It's probably going to cover on the other side over here of this Swing or this kind of structure up here. Okay, we'll probably see a lot of a lot of volume right in this area here I imagine right, so We'll keep an eye out for it and I'll turn on the volume in just a moment, but understanding these microstructural areas Are key look at the pullback here. Okay, this is this is also missing in this candlestick The the there's a pullback right to where we broke from here at this 6295 area Okay, and it rejected and came back up to the upside All right This is one of the setups. We actually look for in the advanced order flow webinars If we see the break we look for a pullback to where it broke from and we look for getting in and looking for a continuation All right, we look for points of exhaustion and we look for the aggressor here to be dominating on the With the aggressive market buy orders, so let's take that microstructure now and let's place some volume on it All right Well, here's our significant buying that we were starting to look for okay that occurred and drove the market up to some of these levels Here's our pullback here And then here's nice cluster of volume here and we start to see buyers really start to step in Yeah here they did for sure but then You see them here as well and then up in this area here, so we're off to the upside in trend continuation All right, all of this information here is Completely lacking in this candlestick chart. Okay, and if if you're looking at a Candlestick chart with indicators to try to gain in insight with some sort of indicator that Gives you a derivative of time price and volume well, it is possible that that indicator is Not going to give you a really clear picture of what's going on here really with with price and where traders are engaged, okay, because we know here that We see initiated buying pulling this market up We know that there are buyers here. We come back and retest those buyers here and Actually see some selling here, which is kind of it's rare to be honest We don't usually on these pullbacks you have exhaustion on the on the sell side and and you you will see the Market kind of come back up into the range here, and then you see the buyers just like this Pull pull up the market to a new high. Okay, so this this is in line with what we usually see In the structure again microstructure here broken. Okay, let me outline this Broken right here at 6,300 the figure. Okay, obviously an important area We we break up above it come back and retest where we broke from And then we don't see a lot of selling here And then we continue to the upside a bit big battle actually going on here We can see sell a lot of selling in this area and and and some buying as well But these guys are getting stopped out on the way up anyway so What happened within this five-minute period here? We have all of the clues here, and we know exactly what what occurred here. Okay, we see the microstructure from the previous Session five-minute session. We see that was broken. We see the retest here. This is a great entry point looking for At least a retest back up to the highs here, and then you could have even re-entered back in this area here Okay, all sorts of things to go through. I mean this is what we go through in detail in the advanced order flow webinar, but we're just showing you the basics of the The volume and that historical best bid and offer. Okay, and how much insight we're getting from it compared to this candlestick chart Okay All right, so To simplify this, okay, I think I can take the candlestick off at this point and to simplify this though, let me zoom in here and Because all of this volume and volume dots, etc. What is it? We're really looking at okay, and this is why I Started off just describing that what we're looking at is very very simple data Okay, let me actually find something that doesn't have a spread widen out something a little simpler Just to make the point Yeah, maybe in here. Okay. Well the spread is kind of widening out even in here, but all we're looking at here is Historical best offer the red line historical best bid is the green line. That's it Okay spread widened here another tick. It's usually a tick wide Very frequently, but you can see it widen out in some of these areas to two ticks Okay And then we're looking at these volume dots here. Okay. These are transactions that took place on the historical best bid and offer Okay, we use the aggressor classification of volume So looking at the red line here We can see the green dot. What is this green dot? This is an aggressive market buy Someone hit the market buy button. They cross the spread They paid up for it and they took liquidity off of the best offer. Okay, they did not provide liquidity Okay, the limit orders in the limit order book over here These are traders lined up at specific areas providing liquidity in the market on the offer and then on here on the bid Okay, the aggressor though, they're taking liquidity Okay, so here's an aggressive sell right here. Okay, so that's the red dot So that's what you're looking at and we can look at the specifics We can even zoom in to these levels and we can use this data tip tool So note here that if I hover over this area the data tip tool gives me the date the time The time is actually down to the millisecond here or Actually nanosecond looks like This is zoom in let's zoom in a little bit more. Okay, because I want to show you that Notice how I zoom in here and actually what we've recorded is And we're down here at microsecond level. So we're looking at millions of seconds and What we're showing here is there's actually three different trade events that took place Okay, and they happen very quickly and we can continue to zoom in here and we can look at billions of seconds Okay, and this is what really occurred here. Okay, this is one trade for volume of two Okay, I know exactly what traded here. All right, so Our complex event processor can handle all of these data points and give it to you give it to you so What what happened really quickly here was three trade events one for one volume volume of one one for volume of two And another one for volume of one Okay, so four trades all together and Our sort volume of four all together for three trades Okay, but notice how as I zoom back out What we've done in the interface here is we Consolidated that into a bigger dot and we're just showing you the overall Aggregation just just graphically though. Okay, it's all here all that data is here But we don't trade at those levels. So it doesn't really help us to see all those Events so as I zoom back out you're going to note how I compress the timeline And then that that'll turn into a bigger bigger dot. Okay, so this big Green dot over here. This is for volume of 31 Okay, this one here. Look at this one that it gives a pie display. Okay, so this was for 131 contracts But the majority of it was aggressive selling. Okay a sliver of it here was was buying Okay, so that's what occurred here and But I can zoom in here and I'll pull apart all that trade activity and this is really what occurred here Okay, we see a sweep of the book Lower look at how the aggressor came in here and took all the liquidity down Several ticks and then we kind of went sideways here for a bit Okay, sweep of the book is something we go through in detail in the bookmap educational course It's usually how the market moves to new levels on on micro structural time frames as well as macro All right sweep of the book here for example Okay, and and we move to a new level in this one All right. Anyway, that's just the aggressive volume Okay, so we're looking at only two things here on this chart and I think I can get rid of the drawings here I made my point with this structure So we're just looking at volume and historical best bid and offer. That's it Okay, very simple view of the market, but very insightful okay more insightful than a footprint chart which And the reason being is if you're looking at your footprint chart, which shows you exactly where the volume traded But it aggregates it Okay, you're not going to see the micro structures You're not going to see them broken like you will here in book map And that's the means the insight that book map will give you All right, so that's an important part of the order flow is understanding The the tape okay the tape reading here the transactions that occurred Right, and then we understand it in terms of structure as well but the big problem here is There's another part to the market that we're not getting And this is where the heat map comes in Problem here is that we don't know where they're bidding an offering here Okay, we can we can view that with the dome. Okay, that's usually how we look at it Edson, I see your question here No, you cannot make the the red and green lines thinner there are other things that you can do though for example that we can come up here and Let's see Instead if you want to look at maybe last price, okay And and we can just take off the best bid and offer Right, so that's just last price Or you won't see a spread and etc. All right, or you can even take that off too And just you know now we're just looking at the volume Okay, or you can you can you know come up here and look at last price And then you can you can change the color if you don't if you want to make this like a gray or something like that If this is distracting Okay, I mean there's all sorts of different ways of You know changing the The settings here in book map, right, but let's go over the best bid and offer and And let's go over the heat map now. Okay, so the Let's see another question and Rike Is the training included it with the with the with the feet Yeah, absolutely. The education comes along with with book map Okay, so it's a real nice package. You get not only the 14-day trial and then And then book map But you you get the education as well. Okay It's an important part of Understanding the order flow That's why we offer it Okay, let's see another question here Moment you log into the platform history is already there. Okay no That's a great question and Rike. No the once you open up book map you start collecting data Okay That actually is going to be a new feature In the upcoming new version that will be out in mid-January You will be able to import historical data. Okay, not just trade data, but depth of market data All right, okay You know guys, I think I may usually on Friday we will Send out the link So that you can access the advanced order flow webinar and get a taste of what's going on I think I'll just give it to you guys today And and you can access it today as well because it's gonna start in about three minutes Okay, so let me let me let me get that for you and put it in I'll put it into the chat here for you All right, so if you want to get a taste for what that Advanced order flow webinar is like hold on just a minute and then let me cover this heat map so that Then we can And then we will jump into the next webinar and we'll really get into the details here. Okay? All right, so there's the link that is for the Advanced order flow webinars. Okay, so click on that register there And then you guys will get you'll get access to it for for today and tomorrow actually, okay? So give you guys a taste of what we go over In the advanced order flow webinars. Okay, so let's let's cover this here and then we'll jump into that webinar Now we're looking at historical best bid and offer and we're looking at the Traded volume. That's it. Okay. What about the auction? Where are they bidding and offering? Okay? That is accessed usually in the dome. Okay, this is the dome and book map the current order book column here and the Let's see Cheta to change the color of the text. No The I believe I believe not. Let's take a quick look here under settings color settings Text highlight Yeah, I mean there's timeline and time access. I think that you can you can also change though. Okay? All right so anyway looking at the the order book Okay This is how we access the dome the depth of market. Okay. Here's here's your best bid and offer right here This is your depth on the offer your depth on the bid. Hey, it's the same in this window here This is best bid and offer and last traded volume. Hey, here's and this is our price ladder. Okay? Depth of market is really insightful. It gives us understanding of where traders are lined up to trade Okay, you can see them up here at 62 and 60 or I'm sorry 32 and 33 with high liquidity They're down here At 24 and 3 quarters with high liquidity on the bid Okay, so it gives us an understanding of where traders are lining up to trade which is very insightful The problem is as you can see this these numbers are changing constantly Once they change that data is lost. You're gonna have to memorize the dome Okay, and that's the problem here bookmap solves that issue by recording it in The heat map Okay, so here's our heat map So here in this window here, you'll see the grayscale change when the liquidity changes Okay, so these numbers change the grayscale changes All right, so for the for example these guys up at 33. There's still you know 58 contracts up here But they pulled the there was a you know, sixty sixty six contracts up in this area before 68 And now they're back in Okay, so that adding and pulling is all recorded And we take this data and it's recorded onto the chart We can see the behavior of these traders in this auction note how they had high liquidity here And they pulled it added back in pulled it and then just added back in What this allows us to do is understand these areas over time because we have it all historically now so you're able to now utilize the dome on much higher timeframes and It's all recorded. You can all you can see it all here All right, and combining that with the the tape and the the traded volume Gives us a complete picture of what's going on in the market So to conclude those three items give us a lot of insight. Okay? historical best bid and offer traded volume and then the evolution of the Order book the historical order book All right, so let's end it there and we'll jump into the next webinar and We'll see you there


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sequencing DNA in space, presented by Science at NASA. Ever since the first strands of DNA were sequenced in the 1970s, researchers understood the profound significance of analyzing genetics for a wide range of medical and biological research. DNA sequencing is used to identify forms of life, to study how different organisms are related and how they evolved, to pinpoint genetic diseases in individuals and to develop pharmaceutical treatments for maladies. It's even used for crime-fighting. Now, thanks to an experiment just delivered to the International Space Station, it may be possible to do all these things in space. On July 20, 2016, a SpaceX Dragon supply ship docked with the ISS carrying thousands of pounds of supplies. Among the items on board was a handheld DNA sequencer named Min Ion. Developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Min Ion works well on Earth. NASA's biomolecule sequencer investigation will find out if it works just as well in microgravity. Kristen John of NASA's Johnson Space Center says, the goal is to take a technique widely used here on Earth and test it in a spaceflight environment of the ISS, so that one day it could possibly be used in crew health applications or even for the detection of life on Mars. DNA sequencing has never been done in space before, and if the biomolecule sequencer investigation is successful, it could be a big deal. Sarah Castro Wallace of the Johnson Space Center mentions just a few of its uses. In the past, we've had visible fungi growing on the ISS, and we want to identify that fungi without having to return a sample to Earth, she says. Is it benign or something to be concerned about? Knowing what it is, the microbiologists can recommend how best to deal with the issue. As a self-contained spacecraft, the ISS slowly and inevitably collects microbes carried on board by astronauts, on the surfaces of supplies, inside foodstuffs. It's a bit of a microbial zoo. A DNA sequencer can help identify those microbes, as well as testing the cleanliness of air and water. Castro Wallace says about 85% of the water on station is recycled, and it can be used to store urine, condensate, sweat, everything. Is it being processed to where it's microbially clean? We want to know in a more real-time way if that water processor is working. Principal investigator Aaron Burton of the Johnson Space Center notes that astronauts themselves could benefit from sequencing. You can look at DNA for permanent changes, what spaceflight is doing to your DNA long-term, but also looking at the RNA, you can see how the human body and organisms are reacting in real-time. During the biomolecule sequencer investigation, crew members will sequence the DNA of bacteria, viruses, and rodents from samples prepared on Earth that have known genomic characteristics. Researchers on Earth will run parallel experiments on the ground to evaluate how well the hardware is working. The USB-powered sequencer, about the size of a small candy bar, is tiny compared to the large microwave-sized sequencers used on Earth. Castro Wallace says most sequencers in Earth-based labs involve optics, fluorescence, lasers, and other vibration-sensitive components that are not suited for spaceflight or microgravity. There is huge power consumption at play with those as well. Minion, on the other hand, has minimal moving parts and plugs directly into a laptop or tablet, which supplies power to the device and collects the sequencing data. Unlike terrestrial instruments whose sequencing process can take days, this device's data is available in near real-time. Analysis can begin within 10 to 15 minutes from the application of the sample. Burton says the space station and Earth are on opposite ends of a gravity continuum. So if the device works on Earth and in microgravity, then it should work in any environment in between, like an asteroid or Mars. Let the sequencing begin. For updates from the International Space Station, visit www.nasa.gov. For more on science on Earth, in Earth's orbit and beyond, visit science.nasa.gov.


The learning objectives are in the instructions to them and then they're in, you know, the textbook will say, by the end of this section you will have learned X, Y and Z. And so learning objective X, tag it when you find the answer. And students, students either love tags or they hate tags. And those who love them then found the power of going through and sorting their tags for their groups tags. At the end for, for study purposes because for the microbiology students I've started letting them use their annotation notes when they take their exam. And then it's a, then it's a powerful way for them to build their own study guide without me having to spoon here.


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requirements that you forgot to consider to be stored on private clouds we can do that when we only mingle the song what's that baby that they already have you got it it says on the ends not a problem let's get started good morning good afternoon good evening depending on where you are as you as you listen to us right now I am Steve Belgrade of the co-founder of Redmonk Redmonk if you are unfamiliar with us as a developer focused industry analyst firm and I'm here today with Chuck from Red Hat Chuck you want to introduce yourself yeah thanks Steve Chuck Sabota I am the senior director of cloud services go-to-market at Red Hat helping our customers and Red Hat as a whole make a pivot towards cloud services now it's standing and I think we'll kick off the discussion which with what is I'm sure a controversial statement for some that that you said a couple of times now which is that developers don't care about containers or Kubernetes can you can you take that apart for us a little bit what do you mean yeah although I think the Red Hat container police might pull me out of the room here in a second and I'll be serious this so a bit of history about myself so I I'm a developer by trade right as I started out with years ago went to school for it worked in C Java net it's funny being a being a big dotnet guy even it even a red hat right and one of the things as a developer and a developer leader that I you know really abhorred is that having to worry about all his underlying technical details or implementation details and toiling through them and where I think what happened in the market in the past few years is you know and red hat is partly guilty for it right we just talk so much about tech like containers and cube as a kind of the in-state what's what he caught what a developer should be working with the reality of it is a good developer you know is the epitome of the 10,000 principle which is maximizing work not done is 5a paraphrase and man I mean the job of developers not to worry about writing Docker files or Kubernetes the animal the job of the developer is to implement business logic and break the land speed record of getting to production so that whoever they're coding for can be you know for it both first the market and and best in market so you know that that hook of saying that they don't care you know developers actually do care about containers and cube but they care about enough in such a way that I want someone else to be accountable or responsible for for that I understand what it unlocks for me but man I really wish it was boring and be hidden for me so I can focus on writing my my good business good yeah no I think I think that's fair you know I think you know when we have the conversations you know from a market standpoint here you know practitioners all shapes and sizes different industries and so on you know really what we end up finding is is that I think it's it's developers are they care more about the container right you know just because it's like hey how do I package up my app and make it easy to you know if nothing else sort of deploy to you know from my you know my machine to something else right staging you know test production whatever it might be but do they really want to deal with Kubernetes right in most cases no you know which brings us to sort of the the you know sort of the next question or a topic I guess which is sort of the developer experience associated with Kubernetes and this is obviously evolved over time I didn't think there was a developer experience right well and you know I guess that's part of it in the sense that in the early days you know this was quite clearly not a tool meant for you know the developer right you know because you know for folks I'm sure most of folks in line understand the history here but you know for those of you who are a little new the environment you know where Kubernetes came from originally was that we had containers you know which were you know packaging up a pre-existing Linux technology made it really really easy you know for developers to you know basically encapsulate an app you know something they needed to sort of distribute or use or whatever including all the dependencies everything you need without the overhead of a VM right so you didn't have to wrap up the entire operating system everything goes along with that so the popularity of containers with developers was through the roof and what ended up happening as a consequence of that is is that you know sort of a bunch of folks looked around and said all right if developers are using these we're gonna end up using them in production how does that work right what do we what are we gonna do we need to run a bunch of these you know how do we schedule them orchestrate them etc etc so Kubernetes was one of multiple projects you know sort of intending to be that that sort of solution it clearly emerged as the victor it is now essentially an industry default at this point and anyway so back to the back to beginning like in the early days it was very much a tool meant for operators admin etc you know sort of intended to you know for them to help manage and sort of the sea of containers in production very much not a developer tool and arguably you know at the juxtapoint it still isn't what we have seen however and we'll get to the managed services side of this in a little bit our solutions that have emerged around it to abstract it to make it easier to consume so developers don't necessarily have to deal with all of the bells whistles dials knobs you know switches etc and you know they can more or less get to the point where okay I have a container I want to deploy the container and great you know some other stuff happens I don't necessarily need to worry about that we're not we're not quite to that level simplicity yet at least in most cases but I'm curious you know Chuck from from your standpoint you know that the conversations you're having a red hat you know customers developers you know your own experiences a developer like where do you see the developer experience at present yeah so I think if you back up a bit of history if you look at containerization right you know really when we had to hand it to dig the docker ink for you know really unlocking the power of containers I mean containers have been around you know the classic example so it's like BSD jails I think right you know in what containers are basically taking advantage of Linux primitives what Docker did was create an API around it which is developers we know how critical those are our to our work to make it ubiquitously easy to run you know whatever the heck you wanted to from whether it be a spring boot you know cloud native app dev are doing you know put a database in it which I don't necessarily would recommend off the on day one you know write something going or even hosting a you know big honking monolith but you you want to benefit from the homogeny of the of the Docker API and so that was great you know you mentioned something earlier you know it runs on my laptop right so I you know it's easy to package I can I can you know deploy it out but the reality of it is even with the API if you think about the four levels of lock and you know proprietary versus open source data which includes locality sovereignty gravity the API in the configuration I think was kind of forgot is how important that configuration piece is namely so I could build a container on my laptop right now and deploy try to go deploy to run out open shift service on the AWS it would fail if I was using a root user or I did not take care of security context constraints for XC Linux and things like that right it would also fail and some some cases I just discovered the other day I had an app that had the law for J vulnerability it because I was running advanced cluster security one of my clusters it got it would block me from from the point and I may have that on my laptop right so I think we have to take a step back and understand that from a portability and homogeny perspective there are definitely limits right so containers are enabling technology similarly Kubernetes and enabling technology right the Kubernetes API or the Kubernetes you know the founders of the project you know Joe Craig and Brendan you know it was there were never it was never intended to be used as this as a platform for developers to consume directly right it was always intended to be a orchestration and management framework to control the lifecycle of again that tech call containers for you to build a platform around in a lot of cases that would be like you know Redats for business is to build a platform around Kubernetes most of the customers and you know enterprise no fortune you know 500 whether the automotive you know telco healthcare etc their job really isn't to be building a platform because to build a platform you got to resell it right because it's that's the amount of investment it takes to make you know Kubernetes usable at scale it is pretty high so I think from from that perspective we really see them matured over the years is that even though we've been saying this at since the very beginning that Kubernetes is a is a again a framework a tool set for building platforms you know you go to keep coming on to keep constant so was the thing you hear all these stories about these you know companies doing cool things in Kubernetes but what they didn't tell you is all the you know blood sweat tears and eyeballs are left on the floor to get there and it's scale it breaks right so we see a ton of developers in a lot of cases they're really not developers are actually what I call platform architects or DevOps engineers you know embrace containers and coo but then when you try to expose that raw to the breadth and depth the nine to five developer that makes it the bulk of it it team boy there's a lot of retraining this has to happen and and a lot of process and controls around it you know containerization you thought you thought dealing with seven you know 70 VMs was hard trying to deal with 7,000 containers and making sure that everything has been safe and not breathing the same way right and you know so what you don't want to do is you know think the containers in kube is like a silver bullet you know you don't you definitely don't want to just kind of let that let that open across your organization uh all willy-nilly like else you know and that's what I've experienced working with a lot of customers in the past few years is that when they do that they a lot of times they get a bit right it's good to have a structured turkey application platform just so happens to use container kube that unlocks the power of tech like containers in kube while hiding or reducing the complexity of the tech like containers in kube right so you know I think so we've talked about sort of you know some of the benefits and some of the gaps I think it's worthwhile sort of assessing what developers want right and you know there's a statement you know that the common statement the developers want a platform to be boring right you know oftentimes you hear the the metaphor use like you know they talk about paved roads right where it's like hey you know this is just a you know there's a road that I stay on I have guardrails paved it's very straightforward and I don't have to sort of think about much right you know versus you know I don't know off-roading or I guess sort of under feet you know what's your what what are your thoughts in terms of you know the customers that you talk to and that the either developers or or admins that work for them what are they looking for yes that's actually mentioned roads so I'll go back to one of my you know favorite quotes I like to quote right I'm not very smart I just steal real good ideas from a bunch of other people matching together and there was this quote there was supposedly attributed to Henry for back in the day I said if I asked the people what they wanted they would have said a faster horse right what they cost what the people were actually asking for was not a faster horse they just want a better method a faster method of conveyance right a transit but they're limited by the understanding of the environment that they're in and what they know and what their expectations are um so when a customer says I want something I approach with a bit of the a challenger mentality right if a customer for developer says I want containers I want kubernetes even I want open shift right first thing he says that do you really want the tech or is it that you want a better walk better way to build deploy and manage applications of scale safely reliably that and we usually get to that right there right and then so from a developer's the end point you know specifically again these that that that nine to five coders that the backbone of what it takes to get an application out the backlog owners of items and they're you know what they care about more than anything else and and you know I haven't been a hands-on keyboard developer for a few years but uh I don't think it's changed too much the biggest thing that was that would inspire me to slog through those long days and nights was to see my code in production to see it being used to see value coming from it and if I am distracted by things like containers and kubernetes configuration the same or even you're going back way back when I was thinking about thinking about this like when I build an application I hated dealing with like session replication distributed transactions configuration management HA things like that that wasn't business logic that was all the stuff I had to do just to get at the prod but the reality is that wasn't the actual application that the end users were touching so developers what they really want is they want to see their application and production as quickly as possible but safely and very reliably right because they want as many people touching it as possible and because that one makes them feel valuable yeah no I think that's fair and that brings us to sort of the next I guess topic of discussion which is you know sort of buying usage preferences right so what do you what do you see I mean you know we have our own thoughts on this at Redmonk right you know so what we see you know for example or in a huge preference for self-service a huge preference for you know things that are managed right you know basically I want to take this off my plate you know the running the sort of management in some cases the abstraction Kubernetes and put it on someone else's plate you know sort of as it were but you know what other conversations you're having what do you what are you hearing people looking for a lot of that I think a lot of customers have realized that you know tech is hard right I think we're seeing another renaissance like we saw years ago you know when customers started moving to AWS and Azure you know to Google Alibaba and a lot of other clouds right customers realized that it wasn't in their best interest to you know rack stack cable cool their own infrastructure right and then we went into this but I think we we then rotated into like the past stage but that's old Heroku and Cloud Foundry world right and then due to the limitations of those platforms then there was a swing in the other direction to kind of like a CAS which was not opinionated enough to actually be productive and now we're coming back towards I think that the past side of the house where the customer just really wants to focus on an app and data and so with that specifically for Red Hat you know our our paths and there's tons of arguments I'm sure this isn't flaming some people are watching this of what a past truly is right but you know if you think about I look I look at Red Hat as a open shift specifically as a past in other words it is your entry point is your business code not your run times or containers or anything else the platform handles it well you can put that into your own data center right but if your data center and a lot of them have 10 years of tech that laid in and it's really hard to take something that's cloudy like open shift and ram it in there so we see you know quite a few challenges with that and our customers realize that and when they're fighting their own data center or fighting their own infrastructure they're fighting maybe the configuration they did in open shift that really really kind of shot themselves on the foot they're not focusing on applications right they're doing 24-7 operations instead of nine to five innovation what we're seeing from customers from a cloud services perspective and this is why Red Hat is doing such a big push in that is a lot of customers are again as I said are sick and tired of running it and so now we have options for them to say hey if you want us to manage everything below your application we've got products for you you can sleep better at night you can often you're going to put the risk on the red hat backed by financially our slas to ensure that your platform is ready to go right but if you need to burst down from the cloud or run on you know an edge device or even in your data center uh we have a consistent experience through open shift in terms of you have a real good chance of what you run in the cloud is going to run everywhere else or under the clouds or whatever what starts the foundation of of of rel right that's the container os containers are just nothing but linux primitives remember so the os matters right kubernetes is kind of utility now but our cube is is pretty excellent and then we put the you know abstractions on top again as I said to unlock the power of the you know container cube and other things while hiding is complexity right and so that's kind of full gamut you know I think we're seeing a lot of customers understanding a lot more wanting to have those conversations wanting to you know raise their point of view above you know cube is in front or anything like that to you know again build deploy and manage applications not just deploy containers yeah and I think you know we've we've gotten to this uh implicitly I guess is we're surfacing it explicitly you know which is the idea of um you know basically third party managed services right you know sort of cloud and otherwise you know which is you know we at red monger you know we've been arguing for this for a long time right you know because our our you know sort of um our assertion you know has been for well over a decade is that you know sort of the upside for for most organizations not everyone of course but most organizations the upside to you running your own physical infrastructure the upside to you running um you know sort of the base primitives and sort of running the pieces is pretty limited um and obviously there are you know we can all think of cases you know sort of exception cases where you know one factor or a combination of factors makes it imperative that that you're on site but basically you know what what we see really in category after category after category you know is you know this this huge and accelerating demand uh interestingly from both the sort of practitioners at the at the um you know in the trenches and at the upper level of organizations um for different reasons notably right but basically to say yeah you know hey can you run this for me right can you take this piece manage it um because i've got better things to do with my time you know to the comments at the top you know i don't want to worry about this because i want to go out and write sort of code you know for uh for my own business right where i'm the only one who can write that there are a bunch of different people who can um you know sort of help manage you know sort of this infrastructure so you know like i said we see that category after category after i mean pick a pick a category a technology industry category it doesn't doesn't really make a difference you know from operating systems databases uh everything in between you know platform as a service you know ish spaces as we're talking about here that's what we do with the conversations that you're having you know what would you say you know or how would you characterize these sort of appetite for um you know these these cloud services these third-party managed services yeah uh actually to go off your point earlier um i asked a very similar question right is it competitively advantageous for you to run your own platform to run your own infrastructure right and getting the customer to think about that again that's having a challenging mentality right and you're right in most cases it's not right there are organizations out there where it is and we can support them too but you know kind of tongue in cheek make a joke as part of you know when i when i talk to customers whatever it's like did you hear about that you know Fortune 100 bank that on their earnings call the CEO announces we missed we miss shipping our new product we missed our numbers but it's okay because we adopted open source kubernetes and we're not locked into a cloud that never happened that would never happen right um and so you know with that you know we're seeing huge demand i can't give specific numbers but i mean compared to where we were just a few months ago you know 5x you know in terms of what we're seeing in customers and and actual clusters and cores however you want to slice it are of what we have from a few months ago are here wanting to do cloud services with red hat right um they love the opinionated um the prescriptive way to get again build deploy and manage applications they love you know they want that software supply chain around the runtimes what you get so if you're building in spring and python and corkis and dotnet core and node you know we give you some safe bits those building blocks are super important we abstract the way your developers having to build their applications to containers we provide prescriptive opinionated CICD which is critical to building a soft you know configuring a software factory right observability and service mesh we're at all these higher order level of abstractions all managed by red hat right i mean we're not actually managing your pipeline but we're managing the engine for your pipeline right um and they're kind of i think i think a lot of folks are a lot of our customers are realizing it in fact when you when you look at uh when you look at developers right you said we want to make developers want things to be boring right our most productive and successful customers using open shift this goes all the way back even to self-managed on prim days are the ones where the developers don't even know they're using open shift they're get pushing and then that software factory just takes care of everything well now we can go a step further through cloud services again which we've ever seen such a demand for it that not only developers not know that they're running on open shift but your operations teams are not having to worry about the care and feeding of the cluster either as much don't worry there's a little bit right as much because our site reliability engineers on our side become a virtual extension of their team that enables them to focus on higher order more performant um uh concepts and issues that that may be affecting them including you know what we see too is you know when a customer moves to red at cloud services they're already using something else and they you know on amazon or microsoft or google they're already they already see the value of using like an r.e.s or an azure postgres right and they want to consume that through an opinionated software factory like what what our cloud services provide and they can't right it allows them to focus again on building these applications that goes back to that nine to five innovation yeah so so that's sort of red having managed service side of things what would you tell folks you know what would your advice be you know for organizations that are like planning for future infrastructure and again you know we as i said we have a i don't know a bias is probably too strong a word but you know we think in a lot of you know in a lot of cases in the majority of cases in fact you know managed services make sense but you know when you're out talking to organizations as you say make sense for some of them it doesn't for others you know what what's your advice what would you tell folks you know who are planning for future yeah i think it starts a little bit with are you willing up to willing to give up a little bit of flexibility to move faster right because there's still a lot of uh you know i don't want to shade any any customer i spoke with there's still a lot of folks out there who are control freaks that are kind of like locked into the past of having to turn every not every lever um but i remind them is like if you're comfortable going to aws and not picking out your cooling system and even your blade and your you know spinning spinning disc silicon right in there then you're probably okay again giving up a little bit more choice to to move faster higher up the stack right um so there's that part of it now again this goes back to your saying earlier again earlier like is it competitively advantageous to have full control so if it is then we have an option for you that's our self-managed versions of the software even though our stuff is very configurable right even the cloud services are um then once we determine that like the comfortability of of you know your mindset for adopting cloud services um we look at you know where is your data today like are you doing all that new you know red ad deals with greenfield customers but we also have a ton of customers who are you know brownfield right and working with the customers really understand the importance of data locality data sovereignty data gravity right of where you need to be deployed so it's kind of difficult if you have all your data on prem and you're going to start deploying in amazon you got to really think about that connection how can we how can we minimize costs of doing so and minimize complex which also would be minimizing uh complexity and then probably the big you know uh sphere around all this is if this goes back to the first point I was making about comfortability of going to a hyperscaler like aws uh amazon or sorry aws microsoft or google is you know the cloud that you're betting on or clouds that you're betting on right um you know that will that will help guide the decision of which red hat cloud service that you should be going with right and because you know a lot of the customers you work with have made large commitments to the cloud providers right uh edps or committed spin programs and amazon and microsoft respectively um and those large commitments give them increased buying power but they have to retire it or also they have to chew up in most cases so the beauty of red hat cloud service is specifically again um rosa which is red hat open shift service in nato us and aero which is azure red hat open shift their first party services on those clouds so that they you actually transact you get one bill you turn it on you get one bill and it's there and retires your committed spin you have to have no paper contract of red hat it just it just works right and um i uh i i really think that that's that's becoming more and more valuable to our customers in terms of like maximizing their existing investment and if they want to maximize their existing investment it's almost a no brainer as our investment cloud services uh sorry sorry hyperscalers it's almost no brainer to go with red hat cloud services versus a self-managed offer fair enough now we're just about out of time um is there any anywhere you would point folks you know who want to learn more about well everything i guess we talked about today yeah uh red dot ht forward slash uh open shift cloud services one big word and we can we can definitely post that in there um the other thing is you know go try it you know go to the amazon console go to the go to your uh azure console spin it up part of the another huge benefit of of red hat cloud services is that you don't have to make a large commitment like you used to for a year you you can spin it up for an hour and then turn it down um i quit you know it takes about 30 minutes to spin up a rosa cluster right and i can do it as a as a senior leader at red hat it's easy enough for even me who's who hasn't who isn't in the tech every day to spin up a cluster and actually deploy apps to it and then i can turn it off right so just you know visit that site uh that mentioned earlier just give it give it a try you know and you know really explore what what it means to you know up level yourself to build deploy manage applications rather than you know focusing on container coup makes sense to me and with that i think that's all the time we have for today thanks i've been steve algrady and uh checker appreciate your time today absolutely cheers


I don't know about you, but this morning I woke up hankering for another mediocre MCU show. As luck would have it, She-Hulk just arrived on Disney Plus. Tatiana Maslani and Mark Ruffalo starring She-Hulk, attorney at law, a comedy on Disney Plus. The most generous thing I can say about this show is it's watchable. If you have zero going on in your life, or nothing better to do, clearly like I don't, you can sit through this show with a bowl of cereal and think to yourself, this is what life is now for me. That's what I did. That's where I'm at. Tatiana Maslani's better than the material. I used to think Mark Ruffalo was as well, but he's been phoning this role in for like a decade now, so I guess that's part of the course for him. She proved to me long ago she's a fantastic actor thanks to her performances in Orphan Black, where she plays like seven different characters. Here she's just playing one, Jennifer Walters. I guess she's also voice acting She-Hulk because it's CG. There's a lot of CG in this show. It's not good. It's not good. It's not bad. It's just there, like everything. It's just there. Consume it. It's a product. The Hulk has once again transformed off-camera. This character sucks so hard in the MCU, doesn't he? He started out with so much potential. But then once Endgame came out and the writers decided, hey, let's do all his character arcs off-screen, they just went with that going forward.  It's very bizarre. Again, it was done off-camera, so we're just along for the ride.  That's the plot they went with to turn her.  That's how he transforms. Well, the problem is, oftentimes now with the MCU, the fault of the hero is why something else happens. Like in this situation, the only reason she turned was because dumbass Mark Ruffalo's Hulk had this little canister of green blood spill open. Like the thing was barely protected. It's in like a little plastic case on his arm. Put that behind, like put a sleeve around it or something. I saw comments online by critics who are clearly more important than me. Got to see the show early. That Tatiana is unlikeable as this character.  She's smug. These are all fair criticisms you could give to every single man in the MCU. Here's the deal.  Even the most popular one, Black Widow, kinda lame. James Gunn's the only one that gets how to write these ladies, give them some actual personality.  Wanda's pretty dull, even though she's been in like a thousand MCU things. She's still not that exciting. She just looks cool.  And so what the writers did with Jennifer Walters has made her a lot like the guys. And it's not like Bruce Banner is a stranger. They're cousins. I talk to a lot of my family like this.   This felt natural. Now what felt unnatural is the fact that they have this relationship that seems pretty buddy-buddy and we've never heard of her until now. We've seen Bruce Banner quite a bit. But again, like all these guy characters have changed so much. You can chalk it up to character growth. I chalk that up to bad writing. Lazy writing where they've taken Tony Stark's personality and basically infused it into all the other characters. Sometimes they're a little sillier, a little bit more frat boy. But at the end of the day, most of the male personalities now just congeal into one. The first episode really is just focused on Walters and Banner. There's some teases of things to come. What Jennifer Walters will be doing in this show, which is essentially being a lawyer. I assume this is like the comic book. She talks to the audience, breaks the fourth wall, looking at the camera. It doesn't happen very much here. I mean it kind of worked. It wasn't used enough, I didn't think. Another thing I heard the special critics say was this feels more like a show. Like they actually followed a structure that would be episodic instead of cutting up a movie like it felt like Moon Knight did or Hawkeye. You know, they nailed it. This does feel very episodic, monster of the week type stuff. Like she'll have a case. She'll maybe have to fight someone. She'll move on with her day. There are my scorching criticisms on the show so far. Let me know if you saw it and what you thought. Like the video if you had a good time. Hulk smash that subscribe button. That works for once. Smashing something actually kind of fits in the context of the video. And hopefully, I'll see you next time. It's funny, they're really promoting that this show is a comedy. I assume it's because it is, but also they can kind of scapegoat the fact that it doesn't look very good, that the action is very bad. It's just not polished. But I look at shows like Peacemaker on HBO and that's arguably a comedy as well. It's a lot of humor, a lot of action. It looks great. It's just all around a far better show. I'm just saying you can really have it all if you put your best foot forward Disney. But I think it's more about getting the content out. It's taking a lot to do and it would be great if you could just say hey Adam, here's a buck a month. Keep going and you get perks too. So it's a win-win.


I'm not talking about what I normally do, which is I compose music for film and theatre and what not, and make robotic instruments. I'm actually talking about something from the archives that I hope you find relevant to some of the themes that we've had today. This is about a pioneer, a very interesting pioneer, whose story is very very close to my heart. To start, picture the scene, 1950, far far away from the cares of the atomic research establishment and a pantomime cow is eating a radioactive lunch and then the cow gets up, rubs its belly, and then somebody pirouettes onto the stage, somebody called Atom Man, and he sort of kneels before this person who sort of swoops on in parachutes, somebody called Knowledge, and Atom Man says to Knowledge, the cow will soon be a perfectly healthy animal, and then seven women die right around the stage in evening gowns and then neutrinos. This is what actually happened in the Waldorf Hotel in October 1950, and it was a ballet, isotopia, an exposition in atomic structure. We had no idea if it ever saw the light of day again after it was seen, and it was performed by the ladies of the Ladies' Atomic Society, and it was performed to 250 members who were absolutely enwraptured by it, and a completely astonished journalist from Time Magazine, and there's so very very little we know about this piece, or the very important woman I want to talk to today, the woman that wrote this piece, Muriel Howarth. Howarth was a composer, she composed music for this ballet, she was a choreographer and costume designer, she was also the librettist, and most importantly for me, she was an amateur atomic physicist and an evangelist of the atomic age. What I find very interesting when I think about Howarth's work, because I'm actually thinking of making my next opera about Howarth, is I think about the half-life of the isotope, and I think going back to some of the things you heard earlier, I also think about the half-life of pioneers like this, who gets put in the record, and what is the half-life of their story if we're not recording it sufficiently. So Muriel, here she is in 1949, showing a model of a lithium atom to an astonished and thrilled Mayor of Eastbourne. She was very very fond of curiosity as Muriel, and she had a great eye for the theatrical, and she often did, and this is the very late 40s, is she would produce at events like this an eight-week-old baked potato from a handbag and proceed to eat it. As I'm sure you all understand, the potato had been irradiated, it had been blasted with gamma rays, which had sterilised it so it was germ-free. A few little other fragments we know about Muriel, and this is a very tantalising one that I want to investigate further. The Ministry of Information clocked her during the war as a very smart cookie. She had no formal physics training, but they said, please go and gen up immediately on atomic physics because we want you to explain atomic physics to the masses. And this is something that she continues to do with a plump into peacetime. And it's in 1960 that Muriel embarked on possibly her most astonishing feat, her most astonishing stunt of all. And it became public when she was photographed in the Sunday Dispatch by Beverly Nicholls, who was considered like the titchmarsh of his age. And here she is tickling the results of one of her experiments. And this is what he wrote, Beverly Nicholls. Yesterday, I held in my hands the most sensational plant in Britain. It is the only one of its kind, nothing of its sort has ever been seen in the country before. To me it had all the romance of something from outer space. It is the first atomic peanut. Now, this isn't just any old peanut, but this was NC4X. And it had come from a crop of atom-blasted peanuts. So what happened was scientists in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, home of the bomb, had taken crops and taken seeds and blasted them with gamma rays. And as I'm sure you would all understand, that battering caused remarkable things to happen to the DNA of some of those plants. Some of them would become totally wrecked and would wither and die. Some might grow twisted, some might grow in weird colours. But if you did this to millions and millions of seeds, they call this method now spray and pray. If you did it to millions and millions of seeds, or maybe hundreds of thousands of seeds, you might get lucky. You might get what they call the golden mutant, the giant mutant fruit or vegetable. And I talked to something called Paige Johnson in the US, who is very up on Muriel's story, and she sort of put it to me really well. She said, if today's sort of genome editing is like sort of snicking away with parasisms, this is like swacking away at the genome with a hammer. But nevertheless, they got lucky into Oak Ridge with this particular peanut, and she had been to the US. I wonder if she's, I've got so many theories about how. But there's a record of her visiting a sort of UN event where she ate some of these and then took some home and started growing them herself. So that's what she was at, that's what she was in the papers for in 1960. And then around that time she had to have an eye operation and she thought, what am I going to do with my beautiful crop? And she was quite smart and she thought, I know, I'll go to Wannock just outside Eastbourne where there's this beautiful wonder garden. And now the wonder gardens in Wannock, you'd go along there, you'd have strawberries and you'd sort of see all these little follies and fountains and crazy golf and all of that. And then there was some sort of weird stuff there. There was Fred Slaymaker's Wonder Village, which was a playing with scale, as you can see. And the horticulturalist that ran the wonder garden, she said, would you mind looking after the thing I had in the paper the other day? And he said, certainly, I'll put it in my cactus house. And then unsurprisingly, the fact that he had an atom blasted peanut was more interesting to anybody than the actual cactus. And so he gave Muriel run of the rabbit warren and she set up the world's first atomic garden. And what she was actually planting, well, because public one, what she was actually planting was all the sort of stable mutants that Oak Ridge had already found. So here's some tomatoes and if you look, so you could just sort of go along there, go and see the model village and then pop next door and see some atom blasted seeds, note early fruit and sturdy plant needs no support. So this was all very well, but she was working with other people's gear. She was working with stuff other people had discovered, and that wasn't enough for her. She didn't just want to show off somebody else's fancy peanuts and tomatoes. She wanted to do something far more ambitious. She wanted to find the golden mutant that would grow so big it could cure world hunger. And so in 1960, she embarked on an amateur experiment of astonishing ambition. She set up the world's first atomic gardening society. Anybody could join for the price of a few first class stamps. And if you did so, she would send you some random seeds from her friends in Oak Ridge and you would grow them in your garden. So this was like citizen science on an absolutely grand scale, all arranged through the post office. And she was very open about the methods. You'd also, just for a couple of shillings, get the pamphlets through the post where she would explain how to run your own atomic garden, what isotopes were, how to do some sort of basic horticulture. I should point out, there was no sort of test and control experiment here. If you imagine, the control was the unblasted seeds. What she was trying to do was just do sort of spray and pray method with thousands upon thousands of people. So yes, so she also backed early on even before she got to this stage. So for instance, when we go back to the time of that lithium atom, she was the kind of woman that would write to the great physicists of the age. She had a very long correspondence with Soddy and Einstein backed her in 1950. He sent her a very sort of gracious letter in 1950. So she knew how to sort of use the sort of power networks that were out there to sort of get some sort of recognition for what she was doing to give it a bit of wind in its sails. So yes, so that was Muriel Howe. She set up the Atomic Gardening Society and within that society she taught people the basics of radiation and in her mind the peaceful uses of the atom. Because what her sort of, let me just go back actually because there's a beautiful quote from her. What she felt, yes, this is what she felt she wanted to do. She wanted to lead women out of the kitchen and into the atomic age. Not to know about atomic energy and the wonderful things it can do is like living in the dark ages. So yes, so while the rest of us, you know, while people were worried about the doomsday clock and what wasn't coming out of Cockroff's follies and all of that, she was trying to evangelise about the atom and the peaceful uses of the atom. And of course this is absolute classic techno-utopianism, isn't it? And a very fine example. Here's a woman who very clearly understood the privations of rationing and famine. It was not long after the end of the war. There was not enough food. Here was a techno fix. Here was an easy way in inverted commas to solve it. But of course, what I find so interesting about techno-utopianism is often, oh, here we go again. Can you hear me? Yes. One of the things about techno-utopianism is that you have to tread very, very carefully because sometimes a techno fix isn't all that you need. Sometimes problems are more complicated and they need sort of more systemic solutions. This is actually a subject very close to my heart because I was actually a guinea pig in one of the big techno fix experiments of the 1960s, which was water fluoridation. So I'm born in Watford and Watford was a test town for water fluoride. And so if you imagine, 1960s, 66, I think they started in Watford, you kind of hope they thought about it really, really hard before they put a known toxin in the water supply and we like to think that they did. But I decided to go into the National Archive because I'm from Watford to find out exactly what went on. So as far as I was concerned, we were all told as kids that we were the chosen ones. We had regular dental visits and we were told we were going to have the best teeth in the country and all of this because then we were the subjects of the water fluoridation experiment. We were the test town babies. When I went into the archives, there were some fascinating things. There was great resistance to fluoridising the water for obvious reasons. So they just switched it on anyway.  And then once they actually said that we'd been drinking it for three weeks, the local radio was flooded with anxious people who said their canary had fallen off its perch and things like that. So it's very, very interesting. But what's more murky than anything to me is the reason why they fluoridated in the first place. And this is why I always tread very carefully when I hear people talking about techno fixes. In 1960, the average five-year-old in the UK had five rotten teeth. And the reasons for that were obvious. I was born in 1966, but I'm a bird's-eye kid. We were all eating junk. The amount of sugar in our diet had gone up. The amount of processed food had gone up. Unless we were from wealthy families, we weren't necessarily getting enough fruit and vegetables. And that was really hard to fix because you had to sort out equality in the country. You had to take on big business, all the sugar barons, just as bad as the tobacco barons of old. And it was really, really hard to do. Sorting out food, poverty, time poverty, getting assertive with some of these big companies. And that's really hard to do, so they couldn't do that. But what they could do is they could shore up people's teeth because that was quick and easy. So they sorted out the symptom, but not the problem. So here I am into my early 50s. I'm the first generation to be around in our early 50s having drunk 15, 20 years of naturally fluoridated water. And we are still guinea pigs. I have got pretty good teeth, I should say. But what are we living through? We're living through an obesity epidemic. Because they didn't actually deal with the difficult problem. They went with the technofix. Here's another example of a technofix. Does anybody recognise this language? I mean, does anybody have any personal? Yes. So are you a personal? Yes. So, well, we've got somebody here who can probably explain it even better than I can. But this is astonishing. God knows what was wrong with us a lot, but just as around in the 60s there was a tooth decay epidemic, there was also real problems with low literacy in the UK. So the obvious way to fix that was with good teaching, evidence-based teaching and so on and so forth. But technofix came in from Pittman and the free-spelling movement. So this is, again, the got to be wary of the technoeutopia. The free-spellers were utopians. They had a technofix for illiteracy. And it wasn't get good teaching, learn about evidence-based teaching. No, it was fix orthography. Fix orthography because, you know, we've got this really messed up language where it's not phonetic. So make it easy for children in the first two years of school. Don't teach them traditional orthography, traditional letters and spelling. Give them this made-up thing with extra letters in the alphabet called Saxon Spanglish, which is spelt phonetically. So, and this is the absolute classic law of intended consequences.  This one is a ladybird book in ITA called The Policeman. I'm just going to send that around. It is quite an astonishing thing to see. And this, oh, I've got 15 minutes left. This I find genuinely heartbreaking and I'd love to hear from this fellow here. This is a child's workbook written in ITA. Can I just? I can't put this in. I'm stymied by Philips. Right, okay. So the big, big problem with this experiment, which was sanctioned by the government, they did it with the thousands and thousands of children for a number of years in the UK, was that they only taught you ITA for the first two years. And then in year three you went in and they said, all that stuff you've learnt is not really like that. And it destabilised a whole generation of children. I mean I've spoken to one very, very accomplished professor who's got tremendous problems with reading and writing. I wouldn't say he's dyslexic, but he struggles with writing. And he said it completely screwed him up because he was waiting for the day that the maths teacher came in and said, all that maths we taught you is not really like that. So parents are being advised not to teach their children reading at home because it would interfere with what they were doing in the classroom.  And again, this is where the utopianism has a sort of more murky underbelly in that when you go into the National Archives you find that this was being spearheaded by Pittman, of Pittman's shorthand. And he was locking these schools into his books. So basically he had an awful lot of money to be made out of this thing because he almost owned the patent for the... Not the patent, but he kind of owned the rights to this whole system. And so it's another reason to be where, isn't it? Now I just want to say very briefly because I've only got sort of 10 minutes left. How did Muriel do? Well, going back to our conversation about lurkers, I think Muriel was a bit of a... When I think about the issue with lurkers, I would also like to raise the issue with gatekeepers because I think that's one of the biggest problems we have in open source communities and other communities in that gatekeepers need to be educated about being the kind of gatekeepers that allow the lurkers to feel that they can raise their head above the parapet. She was the worst kind of gatekeeper. Her letters were really, really snippy. And when you went to her meetings you had to wear a badge to explain your level of expertise and you had to wear it at all times. And so basically she didn't get the millions of people that she wanted. She didn't even get the thousands. She just got a few hundred and it was all a bit snippy and a bit bossy and unsurprisingly the whole thing sort of quietly fizzled out. And so she kind of just became this sort of brilliant woman and her legacy sort of ended there really. And I always think about her and I think about her strange stunts, her ballet and her baked potatoes and all that. And to me she just always feels like an absolutely brilliant woman who has never given the keys to the lab and was constantly saying to the world, look at me, look at me, look what I can do. And then I contrast her with women who were also pioneers who were much more successful because they had more sort of, they were more strategic in what they did and one of my favourite organisations was the Electrical Association for Women from the 30s. I haven't got time to talk to you much about it now in detail. Beautiful badges. They gave very detailed education on circuitry, main circuitry, just the basics of circuitry. I have to thank Andrew for sourcing me one of these beautiful, beautiful, this isn't mine, mine's a pride of place in a frame at home. They taught women how to fix things like their iron, this was like in the 1930s onwards and they peated out in the 80s, how to fix irons, how to rewire a plug. And they evangelised about electricity by doing wonderful things like building, commissioning this beautiful Corbusian Palace, which is right in the middle of this sort of Tudibethan suburb in Bristol and sort of packing it with wonderful inventions like the Thor Electric Servant, which was a food mixer that could double as a washing machine and things like that. And the word servant is very important because they were working with middle class women primarily in post first world war when there was the servants crisis, when all the people that come back for the war said stuff that for a game of soldiers and said I'm not going to be your servant anymore and there weren't, there was actually a genuine shortage of people as well because so many of men had died on the battlefield. And so they were thinking about replacing the human flesh and blood servant with these servant machines and they did some wonderful things like they designed and demonstrated rational kitchens. This may not look that rational to you but compared with Victorian kitchen believe me this is a rational kitchen and it has power points and things like that and electric clock and the way it's laid out and they were sort of basing this on the 1926 Frankfurt designs that were sort of coming on stream. And so they were if you like utopians too and they were utopians in many ways. First of all they were trying to openly sort of scientificify for whatever better term scientificify household drudgery almost to give it status and I find that a double-edged thing because why do you need to make it a scientific thing to give it status but that's what they were trying to do and they were sort of being led by idealists like the Gilbriths I don't know if you're familiar with these diagrams this is a photograph from one of Frank and Lillian Gilbriths experiments where somebody's doing a job, sewing buttons or whatever and they're looking at their motion and seeing where they stray from if you like a machine ideal this is the scientific management of labour the early days of that. The Gilbriths were ideal, it's what they were trying to do was trying to make humans movement by rationalising the layout of a workplace to make it more like an inverted commas a machine ideal because they were after what they called more happiness minutes. But of course that's a double-edged thing isn't it because that's also the scientific management of labour is also where the technology, if you like that ends up with people wandering around a warehouse at Amazon in the gig economy. Very briefly, where the electrical association of women's utopianism never quite met its potential was why they were interested in electrifying the home so here's an example of a beautiful EAW thing about how to rationally lay out your flexes at home for the 1930s and what they were doing was they didn't just want to give women less time with housework which never did quite pan out but they actually saw it as the next step beyond suffrage because women had got the vote but they felt cheated because they'd got the vote and not much else and they felt a bit let down and it was all very well having the vote because women were stuck at home all day how the hell can you ever get to the club let alone the House of Commons and so they saw electricity as a route to liberation and very briefly I'll play a little bit of one of my favourite bits of music this is actually the EAW teaming up with one of the electrical companies and it explains their rationale Let's lend you your time lend you your time for play Women's grace would be my home but now it's out for day See you're too sweet that's not a straw fly up the fire and then just rock then do the hard labor at the top but now he goes to the ladies' club and let's lend you your time Yes, and of course actually what all this sort of stuff does as I say it's really just sort of atomised labour and for many many working class people and it didn't get them into the club or the Houses of Parliament what it actually did was this sort of rationalised management of work and labour ended up somewhere rather different Now, so I don't want to be down on techno utopianism at all I just think that when we talk about these things that this could happen and that could happen I think all these new technologies they have to be embedded in the kind of societal structural changes that will bring about behaviour control The one that's alarming me so much at the moment involves the Paris Accord I was so alarmed to hear from James Dyke who's a very good friend of mine who's a climate change scientist he models dynamical systems in the climate that these, now correct me if I'm wrong if any is an expert on this but these say you know where we're trying to hit the two degree mark and we've got all these things that we can put in place to make sure we don't go above a certain level of warning that those contingent on us reaching that goal is the coming on stream of carbon capture technology that does not exist yet so our absolute existential future our future as human beings is reliant on a treaty that assumes a technofix is going to be here in time people do not have that technofix yet you have to be very very wary of technofixes and worry about behaviour change in the meantime just a very very quick addendum before we stop Muriel of course she got very snippy with the geneticists who were trying to use chemical means to splice the genome she just thought they were onto a no hope but of course history tells us something else but interestingly Muriel's stuff came back into fashion first of all obviously irradiated food it's among us all the time he's somebody who's making cobalt 60 sauce entirely from irradiated ingredients and this I find wonderful this is a high energy garden somebody's doing now because as you say you couldn't have done what Muriel wanted to do just with a sort of handful of sort of plucky gardens around the UK you needed huge huge numbers of plants to get the mutations and you need many many tournaments of those plants many many generations of those plants to get the sort of interesting mutation she was after but now of course with rapid genome sequencing you can do that and if you look here is what's known as a high energy garden people bathing plants in irradiation from cobalt 60 or whatever it is I'm not a nuclear physicist all the time waiting and hoping for a fruitful unexpected mutation and here is a photo a cut from a woodcut whatever from Muriel's book Atomic Gardening from the Laman in which she lays out her plans which she could never fund for a cobalt 60 garden that would do precisely that thanks