In the previous lectures, we have been learning about the principles involved in the green sand molding, the what is it properties of the green sand, design of the gating system, casting defects and so on. Next we were learning about the melting practices, next treatment of the molten metal. Now in the next few lectures, we will be learning about the important to cast metals and alloys. Now today we will see the cast irons and steels. First we will see the cast irons, next we will be learning about the steels. Now cast iron, cast iron is made by re-melting pig iron often along with substantial quantities of scrap iron and scrap steel. During melting of this cast iron, various steps are taken to remove undesirable contaminants such as phosphorus and sulphur because this phosphorus and sulphur are detrimental they can cause cracking to the castings that is why they should be minimized their proportion should be minimized and depending upon the application carbon and silicon contents are reduced to the desired levels. Cast iron in the cast iron carbon and silicon are also present but they should be within the prescribed limits. So we will take every measure so that if there is any excess carbon or silicon we will reduce it. Now cast irons can easily be cast into intricate shapes we can make complex shaped castings. Next one they have good wear resistance and they have high hardness and they possess good machinability. So these are the important features and characteristics of cast iron. Now there are mainly 4 types of cast irons. One is the grey cast iron, second one is the white cast iron, third one is the ductile cast iron and the fourth one is the malleable cast iron. Now we will be learning all these one by one initially we will see the grey cast iron. Now what is what are the characteristics and features of grey cast iron? If cast iron is cooled slowly what will happen graphiteization takes place and during this graphiteization graphite flakes will get a chance to form. Now this is the microstructure of grey cast iron and we can see here these are all the graphite flakes and several such flakes will be there all along the casting. So this is the what is a simple characteristic of the grey cast iron. Now this is the composition carbon will be present from 2.5 percent to 4 percent, silicon 1 percent to 3 percent, manganese 0.25 to 1 percent, sulphur 0.05 to 0.25 percent and phosphorus 0.05 to 1 percent. Remember what is a proportion of sulphur and phosphorus are extremely small. Now again we have to note that the carbon is present in a free form graphite in a matrix of ferrite and pearlite and here we can see these are the graphite flakes. This is one flake and this is another graphite flake, this is a graphite flake, this is a graphite flake likewise we can see several such graphite flakes. Now these are the advantages of grey cast iron, graphite acts as a chip breaker during machining. During the machining we require discontinuous chips because continuous chips would harm the tool as well as the surface finish of the job. Now we always discontinuous chips are preferred. Now what happens during machining when the graphite flakes come in contact with the tool immediately because this graphite flake is soft the chip will be breaking. That is how we get the discontinuous chips because of the presence of the graphite flakes. That way this graphite acts as a chip breaker during machining. Now not only that graphite acts as a lubricant during machining, this graphite is a what say good lubricant during machining of grey cast iron. Next one it has good dry bearing qualities due to graphite. Next one it has got the high castability means what is the meaning it is able to penetrate into all the what say what say intricate chips, minute chips of the cavity that is the high castability. Now these are the disadvantages or the limitations of the grey cast iron. High libretel right it has got the low impact strength which severely limits is used for critical applications. Next one graphite acts as a void and reduces the strength because graphite is soft it become it acts as a void and it reduces the strength. Next one changes in section size will cause variations in machining characteristics due to variation in microstructure. Next one higher strength grey cast irons are more expensive to produce right. So because of the presence of the graphite flakes there will be voids. So we have to overcome these difficulties we need to make certain treatments. So that way what say if we have to produce grey cast iron with higher strength that would become expensive. Now these are the applications of grey cast iron. Pump housings, engine heads, crankshafts, flywheels, machine tool bases, sanitary pipes these are the important applications in fact there will be many more applications of grey cast iron. Now here we can see this is the pump housing this is made up of grey cast iron. This is an engine head made up of grey cast iron this sanitary pipe and this is the machine tool structure and this is a flywheel all these are made up of grey cast iron. Next one let us see the white cast iron. Now what is the characteristic of white cast iron? If cast iron is cooled rapidly the graphite flakes do not get a chance to form. In the case of the grey cast iron we were cooling slowly that is how graphite flakes were forming. Now here we cool the what say cast iron very rapidly so that there is no chance for the graphite flakes to form. Now when the cast iron is melted the carbon will be present in the melt in the form of the in a chemically combined form that is the iron carbide or the cementite. Now during that state we are rapidly cooling means we are arresting the chemical combination of iron and carbon. Now what will happen when it is cooled down the white cast iron forms with cementite the what say chemically combined form that is the iron carbide or the cementite will continue to present even in the solid state. That way white cast iron is more hard compared to other cast irons. Now this is the typical composition of white cast iron carbon will be present from 1.8 to 3.6 percent, silicon 0.5 to 1.9 percent, manganese 0.25 to 0.8 percent, sulphur 0.06 to 0.2 percent and phosphorus 0.06 percent to 0.18 percent again we have to note that carbon is present in a combined form that is the Fe3C right and which is known as the cementite. Now this is the microstructure we can see everywhere we can see the cementite particles everywhere. So this cementite is very hard as hard as cementite that is how the entire cast iron the white cast iron becomes very hard. Now these are the mechanical properties of white cast iron very hard why because cementite is present cementite is very hard that is why the white cast iron is very hard next one it is very brittle and it has got good wear resistance white hard what say this cementite is very hard because of that there is a good wear resistance. Now these are the common applications in fact important applications of white cast iron break shoes, mining shovels, rolls for rolling mills, rail car break shoes, liners in machineries for processing abrasive materials we will see few pictures.  Now this is the rail car break shoes here we can see this is the rail car break shoe now if it is the ordinary cast iron what will happen it will be what say undergoing wear but white cast iron has got the excellent wear resistance because of that nothing will happen even when we apply the break this break shoe will be very good its condition will be very good. Next one let us see the ductile cast iron what is the characteristic of ductile cast iron ductile cast iron also referred to as spheroidal cast iron or nodular cast iron was patented in the year 1948. Now what is its characteristic here in the case of the grey cast iron graphite flakes were present and here graphite nodules are present instead of flakes that is why we call it as the nodular cast iron. Now how we are able to get these nodules magnesium, selenium, calcium or other spheroidizing elements are added in a very small quantity to the molten cast iron then what will happen the elements that we are adding promote spheroidization and with this solute in the liquid to form heterogeneous nucleation sites. Now what will happen these magnesium or selenium or calcium elements that we are adding will be in a extremely small quantity. Now they are spread all over now these will be acting as the nucleating agents means a small particle of magnesium will be present around that some cast iron will be solidifying. Other magnesium particle will be there somewhere around that cast iron will be solidifying likewise there will be millions of what say magnesium particles and there will be millions of what say nodules will be there. Now the alloying elements are injected into the mould before pouring. So this is the simple characteristic or important characteristic of the ductile cast iron the graphite is present in the form of the nodules. Now this is the chemical what is a typical composition carbon is present 3 to 4 percent silicon 1.8 to 2.8 percent manganese 0.15 to 0.9 percent sulphur 0.03 percent and phosphorus 0.1 percent and again we must note that carbon is present in the form of spheroids or nodules. Now this is the microstructure everywhere we can see this is one nodule and this is one nodule this is one nodule this is one nodule this is one nodule means at the centre of each nodule there will be one magnesium particle or selenium particle around that cast iron is solidified. Now here we can see again so with ferrite matrix we can see these are the graphite nodules everywhere we can see graphite nodules and this is the pearlitic matrix and again here we can see these are the nodules. Now these are the advantages of ductile cast iron high ductility as the name implies name is ductile cast iron it has got high ductility. Now it has also got high mission ability next one it has got high wear resistance and it can be forged. Now these are the important applications of ductile cast iron engine connecting rods, truck axles, front wheel spindle supports, disc brake calipers, suspension system parts, power transmission yokes, the cast iron pipes and here we can see this is a connecting rod of what say internal combustion engine right. Next one here we can see this is the disc brake calipers next one these are the cast iron pipes all these are made up of ductile cast iron. Now you can see here this is the pump and valve components made up of ductile cast iron so all these are made up of ductile cast iron. Now there is another category of ductile cast iron that is known as the aus tempered ductile iron ADI what is that aus tempering is an isothermal heat treatment process applied to ferrous materials. Initially the component is heated to an optimum austenizing temperature then it is quenched into a liquid salt bath at a constant temperature between 310 degrees to 375 degrees centigrade means it is the temperature at which martensite transformation starts. After complete transformation of the microstructure the part is removed and air cooled to room temperature. Now we will see the diagram so this is the schematic diagram of the aus tempering process now what is happening so here the component will be heated so this is the austenite temperature range. Now we will be heating the component to an optimum austenizing temperature then what will happen it will be quenched in a salt bath at this temperature you can see at this temperature in this range it will be cooled down and you can see here this line this is cooled down quenched at a constant temperature. So this is the say optimum microstructure regarding wall thickness now this is the temperature range of the salt bath. So this is 400 degrees centigrade and this is say 232 something between that we what say quench the component. Now what is this what say austenizing temperature range let us see the phase diagram yes in the phase diagram you can see here the austenite will be starting at a temperature of 912 degrees centigrade. So this is the starting what say temperature for the formation of austenite. Now you see here this is the austenite temperature range yes 912 is somewhere in between in this range to that temperature we will be heating then we will be quenching at a constant temperature then we will be getting the austenpored ductile iron. Now what are the advantages of austenporing or the austenpored ductile iron it produces a structure that is stronger and tougher than the structures produced with conventional heat treatments thin walled net shape components can be produced why because within ordinary cast iron or with the grey cast iron if we produce thin walled sections they may not be strong enough to withstand whereas the what say austenpored ductile iron has got higher strength it is strong enough. So even a thin walled section will be strong enough to sustain next one components possess high hardness and excellent wear resistance. Now ADI means it is the short form for the austenpored ductile iron it is much easier to cast than steel it is approximately 9 percent lighter than steel even it is density is lesser. Nowadays what is the requirement for the castings we want lesser density. So that way austenpored ductile iron density is lesser than the density of steel. Now this is a typical example of ductile what say austenpored ductile iron application a wheel what say cassette part made up of austenpored ductile iron. Now finally we will see the mullible cast iron mullible cast iron is obtained from white cast iron but with improved mullibility it is obtained from white cast iron. What is mullibility ability of the component to be made into thin what say plates or thin sections that is the mullibility. So when we are making mullible cast iron from white cast iron this property is improved the mullibility property. Next one the white cast iron is reheated to about 927 degrees for a for a long periods of time in the presence of materials containing oxygen such as what say iron oxide. And what will happen at the elevated temperatures cementite decomposes into ferrite and free carbon. Then what will happen upon cooling the combined carbon further decomposes means the combined carbon from the cementite further decomposes to small what say compact particles of graphite instead of flakes like graphite in grey cast iron. So in the case of the grey cast iron we have seen what say graphite flakes further varies in the case of the ductile cast iron there were graphite nodules for there. Now here what will happen there will be what say graphite or the carbon packets will be there. This free carbon is referred to as temper carbon and the process is called mullibilizing. Now this is the typical composition of mullible cast iron carbon its proportion is from 1.8 to 3.6 percent, silicon 0.5 to 1.9 percent, manganese 0.25 to 0.8 percent, sulphur 0.06 to 0.2 percent and phosphorus 0.06 to 0.18 percent. Now we must note that carbon is present in the form of tempered carbon packets. Now this is the microstructure of mullible cast iron. So this is a tempered carbon packet this is another such packet this is another tempered carbon packet likewise there will be several such tempered carbon packets will be there and because of that the mullibility of cast iron is improved. Now we can see here again so this is the free carbon or the tempered carbon. Now again this is we can see the microstructure here the matrix is the ferrite we can see here this is the ferrite what say matrix and this is the graphite packet or the carbon packet this one and again we can see here we can see pearlitic matrix and this is the what say carbon packet and again here we can see this is the ferrite matrix and this is the carbon packet or the graphite packet and here it is partially malleable iron we can see and here we can see fully malleable iron. Now, these are the advantages of malleable cast iron one is the it has got excellent missionability next one it has got significant ductility next one good shock resistance properties and these are the demerits or disadvantages of malleable cast iron one is malleable cast iron undergoes excessive shrinkage during solidification. As a result larger feeders or the razors are required these are the applications of malleable cast iron universal joint yokes transmission gears differential cases crankshafts and hubs flanges pipe fittings and valve parts marine and other heavy duty applications all these are made up of malleable cast iron and here we can see few what say pictures. So, this is a differential in used in the automobiles. So, this is made up of malleable cast iron differential case and this is the pipe fittings and valve parts. So, these are made up of malleable cast iron next one. So, far we have completed the cast irons now let us see the cast steels the steels can be broadly classified into two categories one is the plain carbon steels and the other one is the alloy steels. Now, in the plain carbon steels yes several elements are present like carbon, silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus are present but carbon is the principal alloying element whereas, in the case of the alloy steels carbon is also present along with carbon several elements like chromium, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, copper, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur these are also present but what is the difference between plain carbon steels and the alloy steels is that in the case of the plain carbon steels carbon is the main alloying element or the principal alloying element whereas, in the case of the alloy steels though carbon is present some other element like chromium or nickel and several such elements one of these will be the principal alloying element rather than the carbon that way there are two categories. Now, first we will see the plain carbon steels next we will see the alloy steels plain carbon steels. Plain carbon steels among them again there are three categories one is the low carbon steels and another one is the medium carbon steels and the third one is the high carbon steels. Now, first we will see the low carbon steels it has less than 0.3 percent carbon usually ferrite and pearlite and it lacks hardenability what are the advantages it possess good weldability as carbon content increases there is a tendency for crack here the carbon content is lesser that is why the welding is good but as the carbon content is increasing it develops cracking during welding. Now, rated 55 to 60 percent machinability now what are the applications say among them when the carbon is present from 0.2 to 0.3 percent such what say low carbon steel is used for structural steels machine parts also used for case hardened machine parts and screws. Next one let us see the medium carbon steels in the medium carbon steels the carbon content is between 0.3 percent to 0.8 percent. Now, these are the special advantages better machinability good toughness and ductility good balance of properties and this is extremely popular and have numerous applications because the carbon content is neither less nor high it has got the moderate amount of carbon. Now, what are the applications when the carbon content is present from 0.3 to 0.5 percent it will be used for making crankshafts, gears, axles, mandals, tool shanks and heat treated machine parts and many more. So, these are the applications of medium carbon steels. Next one let us see the high carbon steels now when the carbon content is more than 0.8 percent to up to 2.1 percent this is the high carbon steel. Now, what are the advantages it has got high hardness why because carbon content is very high. Next one it has got high wear resistance fair formability. Now, what are the disadvantages because the carbon content is very high during welding it develops cracking. Now, what are the applications it is used for cutting tools milling cutters punching dyes and few other few such applications. Next one let us see the alloy steels. Now, what are the characteristics of alloy steels? In the alloy steels the principle alloying element is something other than carbon like chromium molybdenum tungsten etcetera. It does not mean that carbon is not present carbon will be present, but rather than the carbon the influence of some other element will be dominating. Stainless steels and tool steels are the common examples of alloy steels. Now, we can see here these are the typical applications of alloy steels. So, this is a pelton wheel blades made up of austenite stainless steel and here we can see this is a standard high speed what is a milling cutter made up of high speed steel. So, these are the applications of the alloy steels. Now, important elements of high alloy steels what are the elements or the principle alloying elements present in the high alloy steels? One is the carbon may not be the what is a primary element or the principle alloying element, but these are present carbon is present silicon manganese nickel chromium molybdenum cobalt tungsten and vanadium. Silicon is a principle alloying element, but carbon is not the principle alloying element in the high alloy steels. Now, we will see the alloying elements of steels and their functions one is the carbon what is it what are the functions of carbon it increases solid solution strength and also it increases hardenability. This element is the silicon it is used as a deoxidizer means it prevents oxidation. Now, it is an alloy for electrical and magnetic sheet metals improves oxidation resistance because if you what is a metal is about to undergo oxidation this silicon reacts with the oxygen and saves the metal instead this undergoes what is a oxidation that way what say it improves the oxidation resistance of the what say that alloy. Strengthens low alloy steels also prevents decarburization. Now, decarburization is another severe problem in the steels or in fact even in the casterins. What is this decarburization carbon has to be present in a what say particular range is both in the steels and also in the casterin. Now, because of this carbon right the casting will get a what say particular amount of strength, but if this carbon content is reduced this is the decarburization what will happen the strength of the casting comes down. At such times when they what say decarburization is about to takes place silicon prevents such decarburization. Next one next element is the manganese what are the functions of manganese contracts the effect of brittleness from sulphur. Now, sulphur has to be present in the both in the casterin and also in the steel. Now, it is sometimes it is intentionally allowed, but up to a extremely small amount may be 0.05 percent that improves the machinability of the casting. Sometimes by mistake if the proportion of the sulphur crosses that limit may be 0.05 is the limit the casting becomes brittle. Now, the casting develops cracking at such times this manganese reacts with sulphur and forms the manganese sulphide and contracts the effect of the brittleness from the sulphur. Next one manganese increases hardenability in expensively we do not have to spend so much. Next one high manganese and high carbon produces steels resistant to wear and abrasion because of the manganese and sulphur there will be wear and abrasion resistance. So, these are the functions of manganese. Next alloying element is the nickel what are its functions its strengthens unquenched steel or annealed steels. Next one it toughens the paralytic ferritic steels especially at low temperatures. Next one it renders high chromium high what say ferrous alloys austenitic. Next alloying element is the chromium it increases the corrosion and oxidation resistance that is why this is widely used in the stainless steel. Often we say that stainless steel is what say it has got the highest resistance against corrosion why it contains chromium. Next one it increases hardenability it increases strength at high temperatures. Now with higher carbon it also develops good wear and abrasion resistance for the component. So, these are the what say functions of chromium. Next one next alloying element is the molybdenum what are its functions it raises grain coarsening temperature of austenite. It increases depth of hardening it raises hot and creep strength and promotes red hardness especially this molybdenum is used in the high speed steel. Now what happens to the high speed steel during machining the high temperature will be developed at such times even the tool becomes red hot such times the tool should still possess the required hardness and because molybdenum is present in the high speed steel even if the when the tool is what say heated up to an what say elevated temperature it does not lose the strength because of molybdenum. Next one it enhances corrosion resistance in stainless steels it forms abrasion resistant particles. Because of the molybdenum the what say abrasion resistance of the casting will be higher. Next alloying element is the cobalt what are its functions contributes to red hardness by hardening ferrite. What is this red hardness means hardness of the cast component when its temperature is raised to an elevated temperature during its use. For example the best example is the what say a cutting tool made up of say high speed steel. Next one alloying element for high speed steel it is an alloying element for high speed steel. Next one is the tungsten what are its functions it is a strong carbide former once there is carbide there will be good wear resistance will be there. The carbides form hardened abrasion resistance particles in the steels. So once there is carbide formation there will be abrasion resistance to the casting and there will be wear resistance to the casting. It promotes red hardness and hard strength again. So this tungsten is again used in the high speed steel tungsten say tungsten series the tungsten will be present 18 percent why because it promotes the red hardness means even when the tool is heated to a red state red hot state the tool still contains still possess the hardness. So that is the red hardness it promotes the red hardness. Next one next element is the vanadium what are the functions it promotes fine green elevates the coarsening temperature of the austenite. Next one it increases hardenability when dissolved it resists tempering and causes mark what say secondary hardening and it is a strong carbide and nitrate former. Once it is a what say carbide former what is the advantage there will be good wear resistance there will be good abrasion resistance also there will be it will be a nitrate former. Now apart from these alloying elements there will be residual elements in the steels what are these residual elements and their functions. So these are the residual elements phosphorous is present in the steels. So what is the meaning of residual element means it comes into the what say cast metal or the alloy without our intention or without our knowledge that is the residual element. Now it strengthens low carbon steels it increases resistant to atmospheric corrosion it improves machinability in free cutting steel that is why though it is a what say residual element though it comes without our intentional knowledge we alloy it to a small proportion. Next one sulphur sulphur is another residual element but what is its use it improves machinability but if the sulphur content is more it makes the casting brittle and cracking takes place. Next one copper is also considered as a residual element in the steel. Now it improves corrosion resistance though it is a residual element means though it comes into the what say alloy without our knowledge and intention it does some favor to us what are they it improves corrosion resistance increases strength and hardness through heat treating edging. So these are the advantages of copper. Next tin tin is also considered as a residual element means it comes into the alloy without our knowledge and without our intention it promotes temper embrittlement. Now the SAI the Society for Automotive Engineers and AI SAI American Iron and Steel Institute system for classification of steels. The SAI AI SAI system classifies all other alloy steels using four digit index as follows right. One means one series these are the carbon steels. Two series means nickel steels means nickel is the principle alloying element other elements also will be present. Three series means nickel chromium steels. Four series means molybdenum steels. Five series means chromium steels. Six series means chromium vanadium steels. Seven series means tungsten chromium steels. And nine series means silicon manganese steels. Now there will be four digits will be there in this what is a coding. The first digit indicates the principle alloying element. The second digit of the series indicates the concentration of the major element in percentile right. And the last two digits of the series indicate the carbon concentration. Carbon is also present in all the steels. So last two digits indicate the carbon what is a concentration. And this is the we can see here SAI AI SAI system for classification of the steels. And here we can see few series one series we can see one zero and something one one and something one two and something. So these are all the carbon steels means carbon is the principle alloying element. And in the first series if the second digit is zero then these are the plain carbon steels and manganese maximum one percent. And if the second digit is one it is the resulphurized free machining. And if the second digit is two resulphurized or refosphurized free machining. Again in the one series if five is the second digit it will be plain carbon and manganese will be from one percent to one point six five percent. Next one in the one three series when the second digit is three what will happen so the manganese is one point seven five percent. Now here we can see these are the two series means the first element is the two means these are the the principle alloying element is the nickel. Again when the first second digit is three nickel proportion is three point five percent when the second digit is five the nickel is five percent. Again we see the three series means the first digit is three means it indicates the the principle alloying elements are nickel and chromium. Again when the first second digit is one it is nickel one point two four percent chromium point six five two point eight percent when the second digit is two nickel is one point seven five percent chromium is one point zero seven percent. When the second digit is three nickel is three point five percent chromium one point five percent to one point five seven percent. When the second digit is four nickel is three percent and chromium is point seven seven percent and here we can see these are the four series means what are they these are the what say molybdenum steels means the principle alloying element is molybdenum. Again among them when the second digit is zero molybdenum proportion is point two to point two five percent. When the second digit is four the molybdenum proportion is point four to point five two percent. When the second digit is one chromium proportion is point five two point nine five percent molybdenum point one two point three percent. When the second digit is three we can see nickel proportion is one point eight two chromium point five to 0.8 and molybdenum 0.25. When the second digit is 7, the nickel proportion is 0.1.05, chromium 0.45, molybdenum 0.2, 2.22, 0.35. When the second digit is 6, nickel 0.85 to 1.82, molybdenum 0.22, 0.25. When the second digit is 8, nickel will be 3.5, molybdenum 0.25. And again we see this is the 5 series, means the principal alloying element is chromium. Again the second digit can change, when the second digit is 0, the chromium content is 0.27 to 0.65 percent. When the second digit is 1, chromium proportion is 0.8 to 1.05 percent. When the second element is, digit is 0, again 0 and there will be through 3, what say digit will be there, then chromium will be 0.5 to 1 percent. Again when the second digit is 1 and another 3 digits will be there, means totally 5 digits, again chromium will be 1.02 to 1 percent, minimum carbon, carbon 1 percent. When the second digit is 2 and 3 more digits will be there, chromium will be 1.45 to 1 percent and carbon will be 1 percent. In this lecture, we have seen the, what say important cast steels and the cast irons. We have seen the cast irons are divided into broadly four types. One is the gray cast iron, second one is the white cast iron, third one is the nodular cast iron and fourth one is the malleable cast iron. And we have seen the applications of these types of cast irons. We have also seen different types of the steels. The steels are broadly classified into plain carbon steels and the alloy steels. In the plain carbon steels, carbon will be the principle alloying element, whereas in the alloy steels, though carbon is present, some other element like chromium, nickel, molybdenum or tungsten, such elements will be the principle alloying elements. And we have seen, again in the principle, what say plain carbon steels, there are three types, low carbon steels, medium carbon steels and high carbon steels. And we have seen the classification of the alloy steels according to the AISA. So, in the next class, we will be learning about the aluminum and magnesium cast irons. Until then, goodbye and thank you.


We're here at the ITU studio in Geneva. I'm very pleased to be joined by Mr. Francis, Juan Mercoto-Wangusi, who is Director General of the Communications Commission of Kenya. Mr. Wangusi, thank you very much, indeed, for being with us today. Thank you for welcoming me to the studio. Now, Kenya is a supporter of ITU Telecom events and will be President of ITU Telecom World in November 2013. What value do you see in attending such events? In the first place, I need to say that, really, we have been a supporter of the ITU Telecom events for quite some time now, and in the recent past, we have not been missing any of the events that ITU has held. And this is because we have quite achieved a lot through attending the events of the ITU telecoms, including the transmission of technology and, of course, innovation in new services, which has helped us also to transfer the same to our own country. And indeed, I can say, as of now, we have realized the value of ICT in terms of the diversity of applications that have emerged in Kenya as a result of this exposure. What are the main areas where you see ICT bringing concrete benefits to the lives of ordinary people in Kenya? One is in ICT, in itself, has now been a kind of a fiber in terms of enabling the socioeconomic development in Kenya is being adopted in all the pillars of our economy. And Kenyans have invested in quite some activities in terms of economic development in Kenya. I should cite, for example, the cases of applications of the ICTs as being on top of the range in Kenya in all the sectors, be it agriculture, be it e-commerce, be it health and many others. And what are the principal challenges that you face as a regulator in times of such radical transformation in the ICT industry? Indeed, as a regulator, we work on the basis of policy and law. And I must admit that the rapid transformation in technologies in the ICT sector is making us work extra hard in order to make the laws that would be able to be consummated with the changes that the ICT sector has brought. And Kenya is facing the same, and I don't think we are in isolation. We believe that as a regulator, of course, in as much as possible within the limitations of the law, we also have to try and make sure that we don't nap in the nib the advantages that ICTs is bringing, but at the same time, ensuring that we protect the users of the same ICT services in the country. So what are your priorities in terms of the regulatory field in Kenya? Well, one of our key priorities in terms of the regulatory environment in Kenya is, first of all, to create an enabling environment for innovation. And that is key with us. At the same time, we are cognizant of the fact that we should provide a secure environment for the ICT services to flourish. So cyber security issues are quite at the top of our priority lists. We also need to repeal our CAIC laws, which we are trying to do in order to be consumable with the new services and challenges that have been brought by the ICTs. And as a regulatory institution, we are working hand in hand with the service providers and the technology innovators to ensure that at least we bring Kenya up to speed in terms of the applications of the ICT services and more. No wonder we have proven that quite a number of innovations in terms of ICT applications are also originating from Kenya. And finally, I'd like to ask you, what message would you hope to share at ITU Telecom World 2013 in Bangkok? I think I want to share with the other colleagues that are going to Bangkok, not only to exhibit, but also to see what others are doing. That the bottom line of the idea is transforming the lives of the world, the people's world, using the ICTs. And every morning they wake up to go to see what is happening in the ITU world. I think the message should be, what am I going to see there to transform the lives of the people of our world? And I think that is the message that I can give to them. Thank you. Mr. Wangusi, thank you very much indeed for being with us today. Thank you. Thank you very much.


The study found that males with asthma had significantly lower lung function than those without asthma, while this effect was less pronounced in females. In addition, persistent asthma was associated with higher lung clearance index in females, but not in males. This article was authored by Ida Mogensen, Jenny Hallberg, Lena Palmberg, and others.


ver offered if they're putting all their paid dlc in it if free updates coming to game what do you what are your guys's thoughts on a scale of five i give this a 3.8 to a four you know let's just go with the four it's a four out of five directly five out of five would have been like zelda's here um a new mario game gets dropped like an impossible direct that just never happened so four out of five is about as high as i can go you got two and a half so someone just thought it was okay two and a half four four i mean it doesn't get much better like to expect every big game you ever want to see here tend to switch sports looks really great you got mario kart 8 deluxe basically doubling in size out of nowhere right we got fire emblem warriors the next game right we got zelda chronicles three brand new announcement i mean this year by the mario strikers brand new announcement i mean this year by the way this is looking almost better than 2017 if we get a new mario game this year this might be better than 2017 so i know we dealt with two a two-year lull where nintendo wasn't doing much i don't know what else they have left to announce for this year what else could they possibly have to announce for this year i think this is it i think we now know nintendo's lineup the rest of the year because it's phenomenal phenomenal what a lineup this year guys my god we're gonna go over it fully on tonight's podcast we'll go over everything and how it lines up where we're looking zelda's clearly the holiday title you know they went as far as september they'll start showing off zelda this summer zelda's obviously going to be their big november game hell yeah what a direct sky dinner is ten dollars to celebrate the zeno bite chronicles three yeah baby dude zeno bite chronicles three i know it's not everyone's cup of tea but zeno bite franchise is becoming a big deal it's becoming a big deal the guy who shot buddy that's becoming a big deal maybe celebratory shot celebratory thank you nintendo that was everything i could want from a direct to be honest zelda's obviously like the thing i want most but i'm okay i was already planning on zelda being a holiday title so i'm cool with that this direct without showing it confirmed the zelda is a holiday title and i'm cool with that nintendo republic thank you so much for becoming the latest member of the board of directors of nintendo prime how are we doing where are we at on members by the way by the way this stream will be wrapping up here in about 10 minutes you guys get all your reactions in i will read some of your guys's reactions right now i am glancing at uh where we're at on members because if we get the 200 members we have an extra special giveaway holy shit everybody thank you we have now hit 77 500 subscribers on the channel i just want to shout out and say thank you to everyone for subscribing we've gained over 100 new subscribers today which is awesome i i am in i'm in shock thank you guys for that i i really appreciate all the new subs i all the all the people that have been here this whole time all you guys are awesome we're trying we're trying to have this long goal of maybe hitting 100 000 this year first we got to get the little goal we got to get the 80 000 but i do appreciate you guys that's awesome so we're at 132 total members right now 132 total members i might as well just announce this right now while we have while we have the audience here if not if when i have faith when we hit 200 members um i've been holding this information back because we were above 200 members for a moment then we got hacked in october and that really messed things up um when we hit 200 members we're actually giving away two switch OLEDs to members only i've been holding that back because we have a general giveaway right now in february but i just wanted uh you know while we have an audience here and you know it's not our usual you know normal stream audience um yeah when when we hit 200 members and we're at 132 uh we are giving away two switch OLEDs to just our members and if a person wins who has a switch OLED and they end up not wanting it um what we'll do is we'll buy them 150 dollars worth of games and we'll donate the other 100 uh the other 200 sorry uh to a charity of their choice so if it's so even if it's someone enters and wins and they just get some games we'll give the other 200 um but yeah i just wanted to mention that um while we have an audience because we're not probably gonna have an audience like this again till the next direct all right um i was here when you were at 40k four years ago when were we at 40k uh pd strict hearing the news about only one kanobi series releasing soon uh and the news from this direct i'm gonna have a damn near heart attack cow and drug as well best direct ever i don't know about best ever it's up there maybe maybe we'll uh maybe we'll do an all-time ranking of nintendo directs i think um over the course of the next month i'm gonna have to re-watch all the directs let's do an all-time ranking um we're my shot glass i was gonna do a shot of don julio i don't want to hit it off the bottle i mean i can't hit it off the bottle i guess it's just me oh there's my shot glass got it we'll do a celebratory don julio getting low getting low yeah i'm not sure if it's the best ever same best ever is is um reactionary to the moment it was really good i said four out of five it was really good it's really like in the moment it's like man what were better ones i don't know off the top of my head but it was good it was good let's also remix up our drink here what flavor should we go with today what flavor should we go with today we got uh tropical pineapple green apple and blue raspberry first person in the chat to say one tropical pineapple blue raspberry green apple that's a flavor i'll put in my water um tips are starting to take a toll on date no i'm fine green apple first one i saw was green apple got it funny because green apple is my least favorite flavor it's none of none of them taste bad though but it is my least favorite all right man what a direct guys holy shit we had the direct i announced what the 200 member goal is this is an amazing year enjoy this every switch owner every nintendo fan enjoy this moment enjoy this moment enjoy this year this might be the last truly epic year of switch i think 2023 is going to be good but not like this there won't be another year for switch that is as great as this year enjoy this enjoy this nintendo switch sports platoon three fire emblem warriors two i forgot the name of it so i'm just calling it two but i know it's based on three houses so it's going to have a really good story that's going to line up with three houses nbl chronicles three rest of the wild two just keeps going and going and going thank you so much sqds vlw for becoming the latest member of the board of directors i appreciate you in fact you know what let's do something special for our members right now we're going to go with a members only chat for a moment i really want to hear from the members i want to hear from all of you but it's really hard when you got 200 plus you're live so we're going to go members only just for a little bit a little bit we're going to turn off the the slow mode as well for our members i really want to see what our members think this is just a special perk our members get once in a while it's giving me an error turning off slow mode there we go i have to have a time typed it we're going members only we'll just do this for eight minutes and then we'll call it good eight minutes and we'll call it good all right i remember we do have a members only uh when we hit 200 members we'll be giving away two switch OLEDs if you already have one and don't want it i'll give you 150 dollars worth of games and we'll donate 200 dollars the charity of your choice i've been a huge zeno blade fan since the we era why is it still on subscriber only mode did i hit the wrong button wait no it's a member maybe it didn't do it no it's members only what's up that was a great direct to me i'm i'm mostly set for mario card adlc because a lot of old tracks are coming honestly i almost cried i called the we sports remake nice to the we sports remake the great call deadly creature nobody was talking about that if that's the casual i'm sorry i i gotta say something to nate the hate an mvg look i listened to your podcast you're one of the few podcasts i listened to you said the casual game was going to be a game nobody cared about nobody wanted nintendo switch sports what are you talking about who doesn't want that we sports was phenomenal and we get the we live it again with a modern game what lots of knowns were missing today but i expected this year yeah like example beta 3 wasn't here i'm guessing that's an october game um we we didn't have birth of probably the november like it's lining up it's lining up tonight's podcast is going to be fire featuring jake randall and one and only jake randall will be on tonight as well eric more our co-host no silk song yeah i know no silk song that does suck it does uh now they need nintendo switch play switchboard is gonna bring dude switchboard should do well i don't know if it's going to be like a 10 million seller i'm not sure but i'm buying it i'm not even like a casual i legitimately enjoy we sports we sports resort and do we dare talk about the bastardization of we sports on we you the whole club and rental and it was it was the dumbest idea i think they've had i know they were playing around with ideas but it was dumb but thankfully not a lot of people owned we use so they're not aware of how dumb their delivery of we sports um the direct said first half and yet they still dated games out to september out to september we have a really good idea how the rest of this year shapes up a really good idea um oh it's not gonna it's not gonna be the success of we sports we sports was 80 mil we sports was 80 million okay we're not gonna get that that was a packing game but we'll see we'll see how well it does um do the dread announcement yeah they got the rookie mode that's cool some people do really struggle struggle with dread so rookie mode's nice but then they gave you the dread mode they gave you the do not get hit who is going to be the first person in the world to put up a zero hit dread run who's going to do it who's going to be the first person in the world to 100% metroid dread without getting it it's gonna happen i can't wait to see who does it it's gonna be crazy it's gonna be an amazing achievement later glaceous 84 thanks so much for tuning in thanks for being a member as well i appreciate you um hey actually mostly the first half the only one i remember going outside of that was zeno blade yeah they said a few summer titles um which if they're outside of june then it's outside the first half of the year but still in the summer you know one of those how do you measure the summer oh it's just like launch window is launch window a week 30 days 90 days like reggie tried to convince us oh launch windows the first six months what reggie six months all it's half a year i ain't launch window anyway um but it's all about it's all about how you look at it you don't nintendo's windows are a bit wide they're wide not narrow um dude smd dude supermodel is gonna be thrilled about that that one hit mode in metro dread that's gonna be awesome i don't think i could complete dread mode not in one run i couldn't complete a run where i don't get hit i don't i barely go a room without getting hit well dread mode would not be for me i would not be a dread mode player but there's gonna be a lot of people that are um dread challenge accepted a lot of people gonna accept that disappointed there's no zelda i'm not disappointed i i i said right before the stream started i don't expect zelda today but i would obviously love to see it i've had it in my mind since last year that zelda is a holiday title all this really did was confirm to me zelda is a holiday title it's coming this holiday they'll start talking about it in june whether there's a e3 or not it's gonna be zelda and it's coming out in november it's gonna be their big holiday game i'm not surprised shouldn't be shocked they already have an amazing year they don't need zelda right now this first half is amazing um what's up patron willer it was great man it was a great direct um so we got games almost every month basically basically we have games every month to june besides this month didn't really announce much i mean earthbound i guess coming out but like starting next month moving forward there's games every month that we're aware of um how about samus hunter any comment um as a general comment she said 35 minutes um without the big announcement now if she meant it this is the tricky part before the mario cardate deluxe dlc announcement it was 35 so you could argue well the mario cardate deluxe plus zeno big chronicles three that's a combo surprise announcement she got it right 35 minute but they didn't treat mario cardate deluxe dlc like it was any different than any other announcement right tend to switch sports they treated that a little bit different um fire emma other dlc like for metro they didn't really treat it any different so do we count that because if you just look at it as it's the one big announcement zeno big chronicles three it was 38 minutes long they they brought up zeno big chronicles three at the 38 minute mark then she was wrong so this is going to be subjective and and how do you look at it but just based on my initial my initial thoughts because i glanced right before i glanced right at 35 minutes and i'm like okay if they only have one more announcement then she's right but they had two so i don't know to me i think she was off on her 35 minutes but i don't know it doesn't really matter that's a real question i gotta stop avoiding the shot and it's funny because she didn't really leak anything forward of the direct it's kind of weird um all right dude you think sports was the big announcement i mean it's gonna sell well nintendo switch sports is going to sell well it's at least gonna do as well as um um i think it's gonna do better i think it's gonna do at least as well as ring fit it should sell as well as ring fit adventure which sold really really well um my question is kind of hit 10 million i don't know but i think it has a chance i think nintendo switch sports if they advertise it right and it's slapped it's got a slap if it's not good that sucks but if it's slapped and it's as good as it looks i think it's gonna be a 10 million seller now it's not using the we sports branding which of course it can't but everyone's gonna understand nintendo switch sports immediately you're gonna think if you played we sports oh we sports what nintendo switch that makes sense it's clearly a growing franchise at this point that's now three well again they did a we you think so four games so i try to forget the we you one existed it wasn't because it played poor it was the delivery method it was it was just weird i know they were trying new things but um i'm gonna skip the first dread update difficulty was fine for me i mean it's free it's free it'll probably automatically update your name it's it's a free update so um horse unleashed yeah that was that was a nice one dude no man sky who saw that coming maybe i missed something somewhere i did not see no man sky coming the thing is no man sky got a lot of flak and i was one of the people that gave a flak in the beginning it over promised and under delivered at launch and had a bunch of lies but kind of like um what is it that that rare game that that pirate game i don't know why i'm drawing a blank on it right now um kind of lacking at launch but today actually pretty good no man sky's a pretty good game today and a really great gift for switch but i saw our first gameplay of mlb the show 22 so all right we're gonna reopen the chat we went a couple minutes over thank you so much members i do appreciate the chat does move a little fast we're gonna turn off the uh slow filter as well for the end here we're gonna move we're gonna say anyone can chat right now we're gonna say anyone can chat even non-subscribers give them a chance to chime in um hopefully our mods are ready because there might be some bots that's what happens when we turn on anyone can chat mode as bots come in i'll give you guys a few minutes like my children should be coming home soon because they're eating supper okay so they might they might not be a bit i'll just tell my mom let me know when you're on your way tell my mom to let me know when she's on her way that that way that way i know what's going on with the children they're eating supper so i gotta shoot i don't know they might stop to do their homework um rabble rabble rabble what's up christopher locker aiden roberson i'm free are welcome back sorry i know it gets a little frustrating when i lock you guys out i know i know it can get a little frustrating but it's just kind of a perk of the members that they get a moment where i notice all of them and chat with them in our bigger live stream um this is the last grade a year for switch i i i think next year is still going to be a solid year next year will probably be a b i don't know i i think it's all downhill you know i i don't know what it's going to be but who knows excited for the force i mean the force it's not may 4th yet um i don't see like everything and didn't yeah there was nothing i hated like MLB the show looked rough they they they massively downgraded the textures but they did that to maintain frame rate so i don't know what you expect and it's completely crossplay compatible you can transfer saves between systems so you can like play on your playstation 5 player switch on the go transfer it all back and forth yes MLB the show is basically 100 cross everything that's really good like it might look rough but you can still play it and that's really good like that was that was mostly good news for MLB the show again yeah it's a little rough and switch games there are switch games that look better but i mean they did that to maintain gameplay parody and our gameplay parody matters more so i'm cool with that i mean god hope my legends arceus looks rough and yet the gameplay is phenomenal so i i'm just that was a good direct that was a good direct huge xenoblade plants it's the wee era did i miss that super chat no i think i read that one earlier metroid updates out right now cool i'll go i'll go update right out for the stream well actually i gotta charge my switch i killed my switch playing that last night so yeah i gotta i gotta plug her in and charge her up strikers dude strikers is back i called it i told you i told you camo like people were like oh camo that's working on golden sun no it's another sports game they've done nothing but but sports games since over a decade it's been over a decade since they did golden sun i knew it was going to be strikers i called it i called it i called it by the way no inside information this was just logic going okay they went with aces then they did super rush with golf it's obviously going to be strikers next it was just a logic based yes and i was right so i myself in the back of that one it was just a prediction other than it's just a prediction and i was right on that prediction um xenoblade chronicles 3 again i i had a feeling we were seeing that or the new ip really felt like xenoblade chronicles monolith soft told us last month to expect an announcement this month so i mean xenoblade chronicles 3 probably didn't catch anyone by surprise i think that's maybe why some people were like oh it's not zelda it's not yeah i didn't catch you by surprise because monolith soft basically told us it was going to happen but still nice to have it confirmed still nice to come this year it's a really expansive rpg franchise can't wait the pressure to improve the services working i mean yeah the ad of the mario kart dlc to it i'm very curious if nintendo's plan is to add paid dlc to that expansion pass every time i'm all for that the expansion pass is worth it as long as they keep making paid dlc but it's just two games right now so we'll see we gotta kind of play that wait and see game okay so when they announced dlc for pokemon legends arceus and it's paid dlc will that be included if legends arceus paid dlc is included it's over clearly they're gonna add paid dlc for everything so we'll see but it's trending in the right direction my reaction to the entire expansion pass is slowly shifting if the plan is to always add paid dlc i want to see one more paid dlc announcement and i'm sold because then i will believe they're adding all paid dlc to the expansion pass and what i don't understand is let's say they do do that right oh pokemon legends arceus dlc is announced paid dlc added to the expansion pass okay cool um fired on the warriors dlc the new one paid dlc expansion pass added to that what i don't get from nintendo is why don't they just tell us right now hey we're adding all paid dlc for nintendo switch exclusive games in the future to expansion pass if you just tell us that do you know the boost in sales you're gonna get immediately millions of gamers will buy your expansion pass so if that is the plan why not just tell us why not communicate that to us right now hey the last two paid dlc as you announced are on the expansion pass if you're gonna do it every time tell us if you're not i guess we'll find out when pokemon legends dlc is announced and it's not on expansion pass right so again if that ends up being what they do insane value so why can't you just communicate it to us hey this is our first dlc being added we're gonna be adding future game dlc to this expansion pass as well just say it just say it communicate be honest yeah it might end up being true anyways and you might go what's the difference the difference is people don't know what to expect nintendo is very bad at telling us what to expect that's my main criticism of nso is they don't communicate unification but it's looking promising i can't deny adding mario kart 8 deluxe dlc in the mario kart 8 deluxe dlc by the way is as big as a mario kart game can we talk about that for a moment can we hit pause they're adding 48 tracks how many cups was it how many cups is that hold on let me rewind the direct quick i think i still have the direct up maybe you'll there you'll there soon mario karting circle triangle earthbound forget forget so they're adding six cups eight courses per cup i'm sorry six cups i'm sorry correction one two three four five six seven eight nine to twelve cups two cups per wave six waves of dlc all by the way keywords all the way through 2023 they're going to be dropping wave one wave two wave three wave four wave five wave six all the way through so we're basically going to get three waves drop this year spring summer fall three waves drop next year and that's our tide over to mario kart nine that's probably going to launch the next system i i fully expect mario kart nine as a launch game for next gen these cups are going to be old courses of course remastered remade or mario kart 8 and again adding them 48 they're adding an entire games worth of content mario kart 8 deluxe like i'm trying to let this sink into my mind right now they are adding let me just look at this look at this hold on hold on we don't have to play around you can see this with me look look look look at this they are adding an entire mario kart game worth of courses to mario kart 8 deluxe 25 dollars or just buy the expansion pass what what how what who saw this come in the eight new tracks holy shit that is so many courses that's an entire game worth i just how do i even react and just think that wasn't even the biggest announcement today that wasn't even think about this on any other day they just tweet out hey by the way we're adding dlc to mario kart 8 deluxe with 48 new courses over six things only 25 that would be the biggest story of the day it's not even you could argue zeno by chronicles three is obviously a bigger deal although mario i think the mario kart 8 deluxe dlc might sell more than zeno by chronicles three but either way he has zeno by chronicles three the nintendo switch sports you have a new fire emblem warriors game mario strikers release timing for splatoon 3 and 48 courses mario kart 8 which already to me was the greatest mario kart game of all time and this just solidified it let me just tell you right now our gameplay tuesdays are going to be full of mario kart 8 tournaments that are going to feature the new courses full of mario kart 8 tournaments featuring new courses tell you that right now for prizes on tuesdays when the first wave drops you can already tell you right now our gameplay tuesdays are going to be full of mario kart 8 deluxe for the next two years now platoon 3 is coming in platoon 3 is going to creep in going to take over some weeks but hot damn this was a killer direct i i struggle to think of a better direct okay my children are on their way so thank you so much thank you so much um any pre orders available right now physically i'm gonna get them up uh with best buy uh affiliate links uh in our featured section i really would appreciate if you guys use those affiliate links you guys can pre order it anywhere you want pre order on the e shop if you want i it's fine um it's just now through april nintendo has partnered with me and best buy to offer 14 percent kickback on pre orders or anything you buy really nintendo wise uh from best buy if you use my affiliate links i really do appreciate the support if you're already gonna buy it why not use our affiliate link help support the channel you don't have to donate or any this is literally hey you're gonna buy it anyways so why not pre order it through my link why not buy it at best buy and give you know a little kickback to the channel you don't have to you want to take advantage of the $50 at walmart you want to you know buy it digitally you you have your own favorite retailer buy you game stop or whatever that's fine do what you want but it's just a nice way to support the channel we're gonna put up all those affiliate links later tonight and i'll catch you guys in the next live stream which is tonight for the nintendo prime podcast peace out


So, you know most of the time when you order stuff off eBay like a CRT Or a really expensive CRT like a professional video monitor you're gonna Be lucky if it doesn't get just absolutely demolished or destroyed in shipping But you know not every time it's like that a lot of times it is but not every single time I sometimes you actually have a pretty darn good experience. So today. I want to show you one of the better Experiences I've had in such a long time with buy-in a Sony PVM now This one I'm gonna show you is actually going into my personal collection So I'm gonna give you a real treat today and show you kind of the economics and everything behind this specific Purchase I made again on eBay Here is the package that it came in this lovely fragile box with the straps tightened on it and This one was a 14 L 5 and so it's a multi-format monitor And it was shipped by FedEx and guys this one was packed and shipped first off Let me show you this listing real quickly This was the listing rare rack mounted monitor 14 L 5 now. They were originally asking Right at $600 for it, but if you saw the pictures on it, you could tell it wasn't in perfect shape it had Some scratches and dings on the actual screen itself Which I'll show you in a minute, and then it was some other things about it, but it did list it is working So I sent an offer to this seller and I said look I know I'm not trying to low ball you this is I was I said I'm not trying to low ball you I've restored these all the time and this one probably needs a new tube And I'll be glad to pay you $355 plus $40 shipping or $39 shipping So I paid a total of $393.38. Okay, and This was no joke shipped to me ground shipping from Indiana Down to Tennessee in like 20 hours time. It took FedEx 20 hours for ground shipment on this to get it from Indiana to my house not even a full day Because I was in contact with the seller and the seller did a pretty good job with packing now. It wasn't you know packed to the tee or Extreme that I usually do but it was using a lot of the great foam that I had just been talking about in that last packing video In depth lots of it in between the bottom tops and all the sides So that was always reassuring now I'll show you here how he had it wrapped in the foam a lot of cellophane Was perfectly fine some tape very little bubble wrap which if it were me I would have wrapped it in some more bubble now so they did interesting on the face of the monitor Which I had never seen before was he had two pieces of foam and a piece of plywood plywood like quarter-inch thick Sitting on the screen in between a sandwich between two pieces of styrofoam on there So maybe was worried something would hit it and go through it, but I just this interesting idea I'm not not seeing anybody do that before So again, here it is you could tell it's got scuffed up bezel and But everything else on it seemed to arrive perfectly the rest of the shell is in Magnificent shape and like I said, this is what I wanted to get in my personal collection because I like 14 inch monitors Especially the multi-formats and this is the last one that I don't have I've got the a series and the D series and now this is the L series that are in again that 14 inch format That I've been looking for so thankfully, you know, we've got a good screen here runs and tests well and Just put myself a little bit out of the way a little bit more and show you How you know good it looks but Just a fantastic deal and I was having a conversation with somebody earlier today, you know I don't know. I think that a restored version of this could easily fetch $800 $900 we're shipping something like that if it's in really good shape now I wanted to before I even replace the tube because the tube is very bright and has a lot of good color in it No burn, but it does have all these awful scuffs and scratches all over it Here's a closer look at this Scratch up here at the top of the screen and then a lot of hairline scratches all over it for the most part and As we continue down There's a big scuff here in the middle some more scuffs here towards this side So just a really good example of a lot a lot a lot of screen scuffs and then there was this strange like etching Almost burned into the bezel too that might need to be sanded or something eventually but it It was left over from some kind of residue that was put onto this Bezzle and that actually has leached over and left this funky look on the front of this bezel and then it actually got some kind of Film on the screen layer. So the first thing I'm gonna do is I'm gonna remove this bezel Since it's one of the easier ones to remove and then we're gonna take a look at this See if this tube still has the protective anti glare layer Because if it does it's it's got to go And hopefully it is protecting the screen underneath all those scratches So this bezel is about the same as the 20l5 But it was actually a little bit tougher the cables the way it was set up I couldn't pull it all the way out easily, but I could see down here where there's a line right there And that's where the anti-glare layer is And so I have about two or three inches of clearance Between the bezel and the screen covering so I'm going to get in here and pull this Screen barrier off Okay, and that's just gonna start with an exacto knife in the top corner Make sure you don't scrape against the tube itself but just kind of open up a spot where you can get your hand in there and fold it over and This literally took me probably three or four minutes of just slowly pulling Thankfully, it's very durable so doesn't rip and usually you can get it off there without having much glue at all or adhesive left over But this one Thankfully even with the bezel still on there easily came off and I was able to get it out of there That little bit of smudge there was left over glue, but we'll take a quick closer look here at this bezel guard or anti-glare layer and it's just everything all the scuffs that even had this weird again black residue along the sides of it and It's not going to be savable, but it's still interesting to look at and see now if your bezel is in good shape And I mean your tube is in good shape and you have this screen protector still in place You don't want to use a glass cleaner like this on it It can actually cause bubbles in it, but now that there is no screen protector in place you can use this kind of glass cleaner directly against the glass of this tube like you could any other glass and I don't like to use a bounty sheet here at the end to cut a rub and Get all the fine dirt Fragments of glue and everything off the tube itself. So again, you can use those other solvent cleaners once you have that Anti-glare layer gone and if you don't you want to just take extra caution and not really use too much of any kind of cleaner So that's pretty much it. Thankfully. I was able to get that helpful scuffed up glare layer out, but there is something to say about this bezel I'm not sure whether I can sand down. This is actually almost like a chemical burn from either the glue or whatever adhesive was used um near the monitor at some point because it it You know if you if you remember the listing for the monitor it had the rack mounts and I told the guy I bought it from I said one thing that you can do is save some money by ripping those racks mounts off the side and not shipping them to me so he did that and saved the money, but I Was thinking they must have been somebody must have glued those rack mounts on the side of here But here we go. We have it set up and now I'm going to just play some Great footage for you now here before I get completely drowned it out by this audio The rest of the video is going to be some lovely 240p on this monitor using my new C MvS consoleized MvS Neo Geo machine, which is very nice. So again enjoy this video and remember not every You know sometimes you could get a good deal on eBay like this time and some but it just takes a chance and honestly, you can't keep your expectations too high because There are a lot of bad eBay sellers and that's going to lead into our next episode, which I'm very happy to announce that we will be having a An episode of retro tech's Market watch will get into some more details on sales and some recent activity in The CRT market, but for the rest of today's video, please enjoy this and I'll see you guys next time with some more retro content