The U.S. Naval War College is a Navy's home of thought. Established in 1884, NWC has become the center of Naval sea power both strategically and intellectually. The following issues in National Security Lecture is specifically designed to offer scholarly lectures to all participants. We hope you enjoy this upcoming discussion and future lectures. Well, good afternoon and welcome to our 10th issues in National Security Lecture held here in the virtual world. I'm John Jackson and the coordinator and will be the MC for this event today. And to kick off the evening, I'd like to ask Admiral Chatfield if she would have any welcoming remarks. Admiral? So I'm with you and it is so good to be back. I missed our last session due to some official travel that I was on and I always love to fit this into my week whenever I can. I wanna welcome all the members of the community who are here. I see Brigadier General Chevalier also, is it Admiral Stark out there? Wave hi, if that's you. President, so good to see you. And so many members of our Naval War College Foundation, our spouse network, our students, our faculty and staff and who are delighted to have from our Naval Museum here today, other members of our community. So I'm just grateful for this time together. It really energizes me to see people pursue these academic lectures outside of their normal workday or study sessions. And this time together really renews me and my husband David with that kind of energy and community feel from this opportunity. So I'm just grateful to be here. Over to you, Professor Jackson. Thank you so much for performing your role today. Thank you very much, Admiral, appreciate that. As I usually say, just like to highlight the fact that this series was originally established as a way to share some of the academic experience of the War College with our greater community. And we've expanded it to make sure that anyone who'd like to participate from foundation, from civilian employees from Naval Station Newport and anywhere around the world actually is welcome to join us. So we'll be doing another eight lectures between now and May of 2021, about every two weeks. And so we invite you to come back and do those. An announcement detailing the dates, topics and speakers of each lecture has been posted by the Public Affairs Office. Looking ahead on Tuesday 9th, February, 2021, we will hear from Professor Rick Norton, who will speak about Feral Cities. Okay, onto the main event. And I remind you to please feel free to ask questions using the Zoom chat function during the remarks, and then we'll get to them at the end of the presentation. Before I introduce our guest speakers, I'd like to set the stage for the discussion to follow. Many of you may be aware of the work done by a small cadre of U.S. and British experts who at the end of close of World War II followed closely behind the combat forces to locate, identify and preserve thousands of artists, artistic and cultural treasures that had been threatened by the global conflict. Their remarkable efforts had been documented in several books and in the 2014 movie The Monuments Men, which starred George Clooney. Our presenters this afternoon are from the Naval War College Museum. Ms. Jessica Wagner, former director of education and Mr. Blake Rewind, the collections manager. Jessica recently departed as the director of education and public outreach here at the college. As a heritage sector professional within the U.S. and International Museum and nonprofit communities, her career has centered around community outreach, engagement and development within cultural institutions. Her current research focused on threatened cultural heritage, the relationship between tangible and intangible heritage and the role that relationships play in safeguarding cultural property in conflict zones. As a Navy wife and a recent mother, she will be moving overseas in the coming week. So congratulations, Jessica. Blake serves as the collections manager here at the Naval War College Museum, where he's responsible for roughly 20,000 artifacts, dozens of display and storage spaces, including packing, shipping, environmental controls, research and outreach. He is an Air Force veteran with 10 years of experience in the arts, nonprofit education and museum sectors. So I'm pleased to pass the digital baton onto our monuments man and our monuments woman. Over to you. Thanks, John. We're glad you're here, everybody. I'm Blake Rewind, collections manager at the Naval War College Museum. And I'm Jessica Wagner. As John said, the former director of education and public outreach at the museum. Firstly, thank you for joining us today. We're gonna be discussing the United States military, our role in cultural heritage preservation and the new monuments men unit, the Army Reserve Civil Affairs 38 Gulf Program, which Blake and I are both currently candidates for direct commission as 38G 6V or heritage preservation officers within the unit. Just a little run through of what we're gonna talk about today. First, Blake is gonna walk you through a short exercise to illustrate and place heritage in context of our everyday. Next, we're gonna briefly discuss our personal backgrounds and our motivation for joining the 38 Gulf Program. Then we're gonna lead into cultural heritage. We're gonna discuss its importance, its destruction and manipulation. I'm gonna give an overview of the World War II MFAA or monuments men as they were known, as well as the post-war international agreement, the 1954 Hague Convention. And we're gonna conclude Blake is gonna discuss the new monuments men and outline the 38 Gulf Program and their role in contemporary heritage protection. So take it away, Blake. Thanks, Jessica. In a minute, I'm gonna ask you to imagine something with me. But first, let me say this. When human beings stay in one place for a while, we tend to surround ourselves with things that are meaningful to us. Sometimes we create these things and sometimes we acquire them in various ways. Oftentimes what has deep meaning to us looks to anyone else like ordinary things. We place our meaningful items, where we live and work and where we spend our time. What have you surrounded yourself with? Here's where I want you to play along with me. If you're willing in order to help with the visualization, close your eyes. Hopefully no one's driving right now. I want you to mentally go through your home or work or your happy place and pick out something that has deep meaning for you. I'm gonna give you about 30 seconds right now to really think about it. Okay, open your eyes. What was it? How would you describe it? Is it big? Small? Does it travel easily? Maybe it can't be moved at all because it's physically a part of the space. If you were picturing something and you're willing, I'd like you to type it in the chat box and share it. Go ahead and do that now. And while you're doing that, I'm going to ask a couple more questions. Did you have many meaningful things that came to mind? Pick one if you wanna share it. Maybe you had trouble coming up with anything at all. If that's true for you, don't worry. It doesn't mean nothing is important to you. This was a pop quiz and maybe you've never thought about the stuff you surround yourself with in this way. Or maybe it's worth asking this question. What have you surrounded yourself with? And what really is important to you? I'm seeing some great answers come in, some honorary, some awards that we're giving, a shadow box flag. We've got some great answers in here, photo albums, more photos. And this is the beauty, right? Everything, everyone's gonna have a different answer. Well, for me, one answer is a painting hanging in my home. It's one of the first artworks I ever bought. I got it on a road trip years ago with my dad down south. We lost my dad last year and I have fond memories of that trip and I have it hanging over my bed. I bought the painting because I like the way it looks. I like the imagination it evokes. And it's very meaningful for me now because of the memories attached to it as well. So for many of you who thought of a meaningful item, yours probably isn't a painting and if you saw mine, you wouldn't think it's anything special. And I'll tell you it's hanging over my bed and not in the living room because my wife doesn't think it's anything special either. Now, I want you to consider scaling this exercise up a level. Do you think there are objects that could be very meaningful to an entire group of people? Now scale it up again. Do you think there could be items with deep meaning for a whole region? How about an entire nation? Now scale it up one last time. Is it possible that there are objects that could be full of meaning to people all over the world no matter who you are or where you come from? If you've answered yes to any of these questions, you're beginning to grasp the importance of cultural heritage and why Jessica and I have made our careers in this field which Jessica is gonna tell you a little bit more about. So briefly a background, I'm gonna give you some of my personal background and Blake is going to as well just so you understand some of our motivations for working in the arts and heritage sector for coming on board with the 38th Gulf. So I've spent the last 10 years working in the arts and heritage sector. I started with a BFA, a Bachelor of Fine Arts. I'm a painter and a printmaker but I really found my passion working within museums and the heritage sites. I relocated to Hawaii in 2012 and I worked with the Education Department at the Honolulu Museum of Art but I also developed a massive interest in war histories just being quite literally surrounded by that history on Oahu. I then began contracting with the Pearl Harbor National Monument in the US military bases developing tour and educational programming. So working both of those roles simultaneously really led me to be interested in the intersection point of art and war and military histories. I studied World War II, the mass looting of artworks across Europe by Hitler and the Nazi regime which we're gonna speak more about a little later and the recovery and restitution efforts of the MFAA or the Monuments Men which again we're gonna speak more about a little bit later. Ultimately led me to graduate school and I wrote my thesis in research, spoilation or looting in the restitution of cultural property during armed conflict. So the 38th Gulf really serves as a collision point of my backgrounds of art, art history, war, military histories and ultimately it's fantastic to be able to put my money where my mouth is so to speak, spending almost a decade making, displaying, talking about how important cultural heritage is and now to be able to assist in physically protecting and preserving threatened heritage is really wonderful. For me, I was in the Air Force a long time ago. I joined right out of high school in the year 2000. It was while I was in the military that I decided to pursue a career in the cultural heritage sector. It wasn't a job that was available to me in the Air Force but even if it was, I didn't have the qualifications for it back then. This is why after completing my enlistment in the Air Force, I went to art school. Thank you, affordable state school in the GI Bill and then got a master's in art history. Thank you, affordable state school in the GI Bill and then began an adventurous career in the culture sector. With the ratification of the Hague Convention by the US in 2009, which Jessica will elaborate on, the door was open to combine these two important values in my life, serving something bigger than myself and helping people improve their lives through engagement with culture. And if you ever need to prove that patience is a virtue, just remember, I had to wait 20 years for the confluence of these values and the opportunity to become a heritage and preservation officer in the military. And patience is a virtue and so was hard work. And both are how we got here and when the Army put out the call, Jessica and I found ourselves willing and able to answer it. I'm going to share my screen for the presentation portion of our lecture. So here we go. What you're seeing in our introductory slide here is on the left, US soldiers with a painting by Manet found in the Mercer's Mine in Germany from World War II. And on the right, General Coggin, commanding general of the US Army, Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command Airborne with Dr. Richard Kern, Smithsonian Distinguished Scholar and Ambassador at large. They are signing the agreement between the Civil Affairs Command and the Smithsonian in October, 2019 to train and support US military personnel working to protect cultural property during armed conflict. And so heritage protection is important to more people than just those who work in this industry. As evidenced by the amount of headlines you can see. Every day, there are new stories popping up, new studies, new discoveries of something being found or something being lost or something in danger. And anywhere you look, you can find examples of these popping up. Not just in the news, but popular culture has a lot of titles whether it's documentaries or feature films or books of different kinds. It's a topic that is of interest to a lot of people. And so it's one you'll see in a lot of different areas. And this subject is not a new one. The idea that art has much deeper meaning than the stone or the paint it's made out of has been around as long as art itself. You could apply this idea to shell made jewelry from the Paleolithic era or cave paintings up to the present day. But why does cultural heritage need protecting? The controversy over protecting cultural heritage enters the discussion when you understand that the meanings it may contain change over time, often in very short periods of time. When we talk about the destruction of cultural heritage in a historical context, historians often use the word iconic class, which is the eradication of imagery. It comes from the two Greek root words, icon meaning image and class meaning break. And it describes the prohibition and destruction of works of visual art, usually because they're considered inappropriate in some contexts. Now, this term would not apply to intangible cultural heritage like music or histories or dance, but just will describe the intangible qualities of heritage a little bit later. One place where these controversies are easy to identify is ancient Egypt. And what's better, I'll give you an example of how the iconic clasms of ancient Egypt continue to pulse through the lives of people to this very day. One of the biggest collections of Egyptian art in the United States is at the Brooklyn Museum in New York City. The most common question they get about their Egyptian collection is, why are so many Egyptian sculptures and carvings missing their noses? And the answer is down here. Ancient Egyptian belief systems describe the spears of the dead living on in the artwork created in their likenesses. While physically the ruler might be gone, their legacy and even their power remains intact as long as the stone or the clay does. The nose in particular was seen as a doorway allowing movement of the spirits in and out of statues, which is why that part of the anatomy has been a common target. This idea from the ancient Egyptians wouldn't be surprising if you were familiar with the practice of mummification, where some internal organs were dragged out by long hook through the nose, or if you are familiar with the nasal swab for the COVID test that many of us have endured. So in order to establish their legitimacy and authority, rulers would target the icons of previous regimes like the statues or monuments they left behind. And this was not an Egyptian phenomenon. The Middle Ages witnessed deep divisions over iconoclasm too. What you're seeing here is a page from the Kludov Psalter. A Psalter is the book of Psalms. This one as often happens named after its one-time owner, Kludov. It was created in Constantinople, which today we call Istanbul in the 9th century, which is right smack dab in the middle of the Byzantine Empire, both geographically and chronologically. This page shows an illustration of Psalm 21, a Psalm that describes harsh judgment against God's enemies. On the right, you see the scene from the New Testament when Jesus is hanging on the cross and the Roman soldiers offer him vinegar on a sponge attached to a pole, often interpreted as an act of mockery. At the bottom of the page, you have an illustration of a known 9th century church leader named John the Grammarian in the red robe who opposed any religious imagery. He's shown with a pole, with a sponge at the end soaked in white paint, which he's using to whitewash the circular image of Jesus.  Likewise, in the 16th century, following the Protestant Reformation in Europe, you have various divisions of the church, some advocating and acting on the removal and destruction of any religious imagery and others advocating for religious imagery as an aid to worship, meditation or prayer. So these problems are not unique to one culture and they are not new. In more recent news, we could cite the well-known incident of the Taliban destroying the Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan in 2001. Many people around the world are familiar with the headlines telling about the looting of the Iraq Museum and Baghdad in 2003. In the wake of the roughly 15,000 items looted from the museum, the amount of stolen items that have been recovered typically range from one half to two thirds, but the result is more than just a home come for that small number of artifacts that were lost and recovered and the many other artifacts in the collection that remained. For years during the regime of Saddam Hussein, the Iraq Museum was not open to the public. Though everything was where it should be, the citizens could not engage with their own cultures in that way. After the 2003 invasion, the museum remained closed for rebuilding and renovations until it officially reopened in 2015, this time with a big difference, open and accessible to all citizens and visitors. And here's an idea that is not often talked about in discussions of heritage protection but gets to the very core of preserving culture and that is providing access. If a community's culture isn't being destroyed and it hasn't been stolen, but it isn't available to that community, the protection needed is protecting and providing access. More than restricting access temporarily, we could also look at the rampage from ISIS on cultural heritage sites across the Middle East since 2014. It was almost two years ago in March, 2019 that ISIS lost most of their territory in the Middle East, but the damage they've done will be evident for generations. If you discuss the idea of protecting cultural heritage in armed conflict, you're inevitably going to face the question of prioritizing loss of human life over loss of cultural heritage. However, I would challenge you to think of this issue, not as competing priorities, but as priorities that are inextricably woven together. The question is not, is preserving human life more important than preserving cultural heritage? The question is, what is worth preserving at any cost? The answer, human life, yes, cultural heritage, yes. As any student of history or anyone who has joined the military like myself can tell you, there are some concepts worth putting yourself in harm's way for. Democracy for one is demonstrated by the American Revolution. And for another, the freedom to participate in the cultural life and traditions of your community. As stated in Article 27 of the Declaration of Universal Human Rights from the UN. And the US is not alone in fighting for these rights. There are numerous organizations that take up this cause. Blue Shield International, which is an international and non-governmental organization often billed as the cultural equivalent to the Red Cross. ICOMOS, International Council on Monuments and Sites, an international NGO. ICRUM, the International Center for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property is an inter-governmental organization established by treaties where the members are sovereign nations. And that's not to mention the other nations with military units dedicated to protecting cultural heritage, like the UK's CPPU or Cultural Property Protection Unit or the French Army's work in Heritage Conservation or the well-known Caterbignetti Command for the Protection of Cultural Property from Italy. These are not exhaustive lists because there are a lot of international, transnational, inter-governmental, non-governmental and governmental agencies working on these important challenges. But as we've just heard, not everyone believes in those securities and freedoms as unalienable rights for all people. Jessica is gonna tell you some of those stories and the responses that led to the current climate regarding cultural heritage protection. To start us off on our discussion of Heritage Protection and the US military, we're first going to explore the original Monuments Men, the Monuments Fine Arts and Archives Unit of World War II. As you can see in the photo here, the Monuments Men, including the famed James Rorimer in the center there, a curator and eventual director at the Metropolitan Museum of Art the Met. Supervising as artworks are carried down the steps of Nushwanstein Castle in Germany, a stronghold of Nazi-looted art during World War II. Now, many of you have heard of the Monuments Men. As John mentioned, if anyone has watched the 2014 film with George Clooney, Matt Damon, was it entertaining? Yes. Was it completely true to history? No. But the Monuments Men book by Robert Etzl is great. My personal favorite though, The Rape of Europa by Lin Nicholas really takes the cake. I highly suggest that book for those that are interested in learning more about the MFAA and the looting of art in Europe. The Monuments Men were really a call to action, a reaction to the mass looting and devastation of cultural heritage in World War II. Though both European and Pacific region suffered, Europe bore the brunt of the destruction. The ravaging of monuments, archives, libraries, and the spoliation and saluting of cultural property occurred in mass magnitude. But who were the MFAA? In 1940, as a response to the threats to cultural property in World War II, the American Defense Harbour Group, which was an organization of artists, librarians, professionals, scholars, alerted the American government to the potential destruction of European cultural heritage sites and artifacts in the wake of the Nazi occupation of Europe. As a result, in late 1943, the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas, or Roberts Commission, a little shorter, was established by President Roosevelt. From the Roberts Commission, the Monuments Fine Arts and Archives Unit or the Monuments Men were born. The World War II MFAA consisted of a joint collaboration of American and British service members. Initially, the operation was chiefly focused on aiding combat troops in the protection of cultural property by identifying protected monuments in various European countries during the advance of the Allied forces. To achieve this, MFAA officers served in both an organizational capacity and as field officers. Field officers were embedded within frontline battle groups during the invasion of Western Europe. MFAA officers on the frontline were tasked with the following. Advising commanders on protected heritage within or near the battle space, recording conditions of protected monuments following combat, supervising emergency repair work, and preventing further damage and looting of monuments. Change my slide. Though of particular interest to Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime were the artistic masterpieces throughout Europe. If anyone was familiar with Hitler's original dream of becoming an artist versus a dictator, Hitler had a very strong desire to build a cultural empire in Linz, Austria, one to rival Paris, France, and push German forces to establish a systematic method for plundering and looting artworks, particularly in Western Europe, to build that empire. Again, you can see in this image that Blake showed in the beginning a manne painting in a mine in Merckers, Germany, a site that Nazis had stowed away many, many art pieces during the war. Thus, because of this spoliation, as Allied forces advanced across Europe, the MFAA had increasingly focused on the rescue and recovery of art and artifacts looted by the Nazis. By the end of 1944, the MFAA consisted of more than 350 men and women deployed to 13 countries tasked with, quote, the greatest treasure hunting history, end quote. Throughout their time in service, the unit rescued, preserved, and returned five million pieces of art and other cultural artifacts. But how do we transition from the 1940s, 1950s MFAA to the modern monuments men? What happened in the time period in between World War II and now to the reestablishment of such a unit now? Firstly, we have the 1954 hate convention, which I'll explain. Signed in 1954, so just post World War II in the Hague Netherlands, the convention for the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict was the first international agreement that explicitly focused on the preservation of cultural property during times of war. A good agreement really burst from the ashes of the devastation of cultural heritage during the Second World War. The Hague convention details many things, the terms in which signatory nations are respective tangible, so physical cultural property should be identified, safeguarded against future conflict and protected during times of armed conflict. But most relevant to what we're speaking of today, the 38 Gulf, the agreement directs nations to undertake specific military measures, which you can see here on the slide. First, to introduce in times of peace into their military regulations or instructions, such provisions that may ensure the observance of the present convention and to foster in members of their armed forces a spirit of respect for the culture and cultural property of all peoples. Second, to plan and establish in peacetime within their armed forces, services or specialist personnel whose purpose will be to secure respect for cultural property and cooperate with the civilian authorities responsible for safeguarding it. Therefore, the convention directly outlines a requirement for each nation to designate cultural heritage specialists within their military forces to ensure the protection of cultural property and armed conflict. But the Hague convention was signed in 1954. Why just now a modern MFA unit? Despite the Hague conventions post World War II signing, the US did not officially ratify the treaty until quite recently, March 2009. Due to Cold War complications. So that ratification alongside really substantial loss of cultural property which Blake spoke a little bit about earlier in recent Middle Eastern and Northern African conflicts pushed the US response in 2019, the Pentagon announced in 2019, the forming of a modern monuments men unit, the 38 Gulf program. But what about the time in between MFA of World War II to the new unit? What's been the US response, the military response in that time period? And Blake is gonna dive into that effort. After World War II, the collective force of the original monuments men was discontinued as it was a response to the specific cultural heritage dangers of that war. But in the years following, cultural heritage still needed to be protected, even though it needed to look differently than how the MFA did it in World War II. And the army did continue to make those efforts and it did look differently. No longer was there a cohesive unit but rather individuals within the military with the relevant training and experience were assigned to the work of cultural heritage preservation. One example we could name is Kareem Wagner, retired army reserve major and currently head of the Smithsonian Institution's cultural rescue initiative. As an officer in the army reserve, Ms. Wagner assisted the Iraq National Museum after the infamous looting in 2003 during the invasion. These heritage experts in the military were also given the important task of training soldiers who often had no idea how cultural preservation efforts impacted their operations. In that regard, you could also look at the work of Dr. Lori Rush, cultural resources manager and army archeologist at Fort Drum in New York. Among other contributions, Dr. Rush and her team create mock archeological sites and design field exercises that test the unit's awareness of what to do when encountering instances of heritage and danger. In the Navy, we can point out the Naval History and Heritage Command or NHHC, which is essentially the naval history arm of the Department of the Navy and which the Naval War College Museum is a part of. Among the other important branches, NHHC has an underwater archeology branch that monitors over 3,000 shipwrecks and over 14,000 aircraft wrecks around the world. NHHC's conservation branch trains the Navy Combat Documentation Unit on disaster relief in emergency salvage of cultural heritage. The conservation branch also offers guidance on how to rapidly survey and document heritage in a disaster environment, as well as creates immersive training environments that include a simulation of an earthquake damaged museum. And they use these tools to evaluate participants on their ability to deploy artifact assessment skills and test skills in moving large fragile artifacts. And it was while the military was doing this work to preserve cultural heritage that the new monuments officers began to take shape. The 38 Gulf program lives within the Civil Affairs branch of the Army Reserve. Civil Affairs is designed to engage the civil or civilian component of the operational environment. The operational environment could be described as both the physical and virtual environment, as well as the social, political and cultural environment. Core competencies for Civil Affairs officers include, among others, civil military engagement, civil information management, and military government operations. This complex understanding of the operational environment as why the new civil affairs specialists, the 38 Gulfs will operate within four sectors and occupy 18 different specialties. The four sectors are economy and infrastructure, government and administration, rule of law and civil security, public and social services. And within those four sectors, the 18 different specialties are seen here. Although the 38 Gulf identifier has existed now for several years, the specialty was limited at first to officers holding a position in another Army branch that also had the relevant expertise to qualify for the new position. With some highly qualified officers transitioning into the new 38 Gulf designation, there were hurdles to fulfilling the required numbers of these new specialist roles in the Army Reserve, which is where the Army Reserve found solutions through the direct commissioning process. The idea being that you are expected to bring the expertise you've gained through your civilian career into your role as an Army reservist. The direct commission process is most often used to bring in doctors, lawyers, clergy, as commissioned officers. And this new direct commission avenue came with its challenges as well. To some extent, civilians that qualified to become a civil affairs specialist in one of these 18 specialties were often too old to join the military. And professionals that were young enough to join the military didn't have the experience to qualify as a specialist in one of these areas. The balancing act illustrates just one of the challenges for the Army to fill these roles. While not one of these 18 skill identifiers is more important than any other, there is one that has been pushed out front as the vanguard of the 38 Gulf program. And that is the 38 Gulf 6 Victor or the Heritage and Preservation Officer. The job description of the Heritage and Preservation Officer includes advising and assisting on cultural heritage assets from the national to the local levels, providing expertise on analysis, planning and implementation of systems to safeguard cultural heritage, conducting ethnographic research and engagement and more. None of these officers could take on the challenges of their roles alone. The institutional partners that have come alongside the military are crucial to the mission's success. One example is the Smithsonian Institution, which has provided their world-renowned experts to train Army personnel, including the new Heritage and Preservation Officers. Another example is Fresno State University's Jordan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, which has trained over 2,500 members of the military in the past decade. And this month began to collaborate with the agribusiness and food officers of the new 38 Gulf program. And Jessica is about to tell you a few points of comparison between the World War II monument spend and the 38 Gulf officers. Thanks Blake. There are quite a few differences between the MFA unit of World War II and the modern 38 Gulf program. As Blake explained, firstly, the 38 Gulf consists of a much more diverse set of expertise, not only those from the arts and heritage sector. The unit contains and will contain professionals across a broad spectrum, as Blake had mentioned, from agriculture to energy, education to technology, and of course, heritage and preservation. These various special seats will then assist in transitional governance responsibilities in civil military operations and conflict zones, with an overall objective of utilizing their experience and skill sets to assist commanders in strategic operational and tactical level problem solving and analysis. Thus, unlike the MFA counter parts, the 38 Gulf will not solely focus on the protection of physical or tangible cultural heritage or cultural property, monuments, buildings, artworks, archives. The unit will also evaluate the cultural climate of a conflict zone, considering the intangible aspects of heritage. Now, tangible heritage or physical heritage refers to material heritage, sites of cultural significance, monuments, libraries, churches, movable cultural property like archives, artworks.  It's non-material, non-physical heritage, things like religions, traditions, languages, as well as the emotions and meanings placed on physical or tangible heritage. These intangible aspects of heritage will be considered by the 38 Gulf as well. Evaluating intangible heritage within a conflict zone will allow for a holistic approach to heritage protection and the identification of potential sources of cultural friction within a battle space. There are many gaps in our story about the military's role and the protection of cultural heritage. Our goal was to tell that story from beginning to end because that story is still being written. And maybe you wanna be a part of that story. If you'd like to learn more about becoming a Heritage and Preservation Officer with the Army Reserve, you can go to the Army's Talent Management website. I'll leave that up for a few seconds so you can snap a quick pic with your phone or write it down. And if you have even more questions, feel free to reach out to the Capabilities Development Manager of the 38 Gulf, Major Koyanga at the email address listed here. How does any of this relate to issues in national security as the title of this lecture series would lead us to ask? If you read the current national security strategy published in 2017, it advocates for, quote, a world of strong, sovereign and independent nations, each with its own cultures and dreams, thriving side by side in prosperity, freedom and peace. If you listen carefully, you'll find within those words the goal that the national security strategy or any conflict based on that strategy is designed to achieve, thriving culture. I think of the motto of the State of New Hampshire, live, free or die, or a quote often attributed to Patrick Henry, give me liberty or give me death. Essentially, let me be free to live life my way, engage in my heritage on my own terms, to shape my identity on a thriving culture of my choosing. And that's why cultural heritage is protected by international law and why cultural heritage will continue to be protected by the United States military. Thank you so much for tuning in for this lecture. We will be holding future online lectures and discussions concerning cultural heritage preservation and the 38 Gulf with various experts and leaders within the heritage protection sector, ultimately leading up to a cultural heritage protection conference, COVID pending in the coming year. We will be announcing the online presentation, specifics, dates, times through the Naval War College Museum and the Naval War College social media channels and websites, which you can find the museum online and see on the screen, yeah, at Naval War College Museum. So we'd now like to open up for any questions you may have, which you can type in the chat box. Well, thank you very much. That was a very, very interesting presentation, both looking back and looking forward. A number of questions have come through. So let me start out with one that might be kind of a hot potato, if you will. And that question has to do with the destruction, removal of Confederate memorials, statues, et cetera. How does that fit into your concept of cultural preservation and heritage preservation? That's a great question and one that has been discussed in recent years in particular by the various communities I'm a part of, military, civilian, museum world and just the general public, right? It's not one that the members of the Monuments Man and Older New would really engage in since it's more of a domestic issue. But one that needs to be discussed nevertheless because it is our own heritage that people have various opinions on. And not only do people have their own heritage that they like, but even within a small community, people are gonna have different opinions about it. So this is a really interesting topic because I don't think we've found the answer to this question yet. A lot of people have opinions and a lot of people have great ideas, but I think it's gonna be in the next few years that we're gonna see some people on different sides actually come together to find solutions that will be workable. So I don't think we're there yet, but it's an important question and one that people are working on. Good, thank you. Looking back, you talked about the Monuments Man efforts in Europe, was there similar action taking place in Middle East or in the Pacific? Or was it mostly limited to the European theater? You know, I was thinking about this question. I was perusing the chat box earlier. And because the vast majority of the looting and the destruction did take place in Europe by the Nazi regime, really, really that focus of the Monuments Man was Europe. They were under the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force Europe. Honestly, if I'm gonna answer completely honestly, I'm not 100% if there were individuals operating in the Pacific or the Middle Eastern theaters. Okay, thank you. A question. How do the cultural preservation officers do advance planning when you have no idea what theater you might have to operate in? Do you develop contingency plans that says if we were to operate in area X, these are the sites we'd be particularly concerned with or is that level of planning been done or is going to be done? That's a great question. There are a couple of answers to that. One being that I mentioned institutional partners that the new 38 Gulf program works with, one being the Smithsonian and the agribusiness officers working with Fresno State. And a great strength of this program is the networks that the officers in it have available to them. So yes, advanced planning is done by being prepared for generalities and within your specialty, but also being able to call on people when specifics do come up that do have that specialty and have the latest information. Very good. You mentioned the underwater artifacts and I just wonder how you feel about efforts to raise these artifacts such as the case of the turret on the monitor that was raised or do you believe they're best left in place and should not be moved? Jessica, you got thoughts on that one? I mean, I think that it's a very interesting question. I think that particularly when there are, there's loss of life involved. Occasionally it's a very tense subject. It's always a question of preserving it for the future versus leaving it lie as a respectful. And I think that that's a tough question to answer. I know that they're similar when I worked at Pearl Harbor, there were similar questions around and obviously that was mass loss of life on the USS Arizona, but there were questions about it leaks oil and do you stop the oil leaking or do you leave it alone because it's such a sovereign place? It's such a respectful place because so many individuals lost their lives and the answer so far has been leave it alone. So. And I'll say from my own experience, there are varying answers to that as well. I used to work at the 9-11 Museum in New York City, which part of that museum was built around human remains that are still in place. And obviously that has to be treated with a lot of respect. And yet there was a museum and a memorial built around it in order to show that respect and continue to tell the story and give life to that space. So there are a lot of different answers to that. And like we already said, people have various opinions on it and you'll find examples on both sides of the spectrum, some who do it great and some who are still figuring it out. Going back to Jessica's point, I was stationed on a destroyer in Pearl Harbor and whenever we leaked oil, we blamed it on the Arizona. It was convenient. Oh, that wasn't us. That must have been those guys on the other side of the harbor. So question, how many billets are we talking about and are there potentially enough to have an impact across the huge army population? That's a great question. I would say an answer to the second part of your question easily is yes, because if we're talking about preserving heritage and it's one small artifact that was stopped from being looted from an archeological dig in the Middle East, say for example, then that little artifact is no longer lost in the black market or in some private location, but it's making its way through the proper channels to a museum or a collection where it can be studied and displayed and preserved. So very small impacts can, or one person can make a big difference in this field because you're preserving something that, even if it's tiny. And the second part of the other part of that question, the size of the field, we're at the very beginnings of it and it's from the ground up. It's kind of recreating this from hasn't been done in 75 years since World War II. So it's small to get started. They're actively recruiting. If you're interested, go to that army talent management website I listed or reach out. And the civil affairs is a big field, not in comparison to the army in general, but there are a lot of opportunities. So if you're interested, I encourage you to reach out. Thank you. We have a question here about, have the academies begun teaching this aspect of heritage? And the basic thought being, if we don't talk to the officers at a very early time in their career, are they going to be sensitive to this stuff? Or when they get more senior is the cultural preservation person just going to be a pain in the neck that they don't even want to deal with. So is there an effort to educate young people early in their careers in this area? Not that I am currently in Blake might answer this differently, but not that I'm currently aware of in the academies that they are teaching heritage and preservation specifically, particularly with the 38 Gulf involved in that because it's so incredibly new. I do know that we have plans. I say we, I'm not at the Naval War College we use anybody longer, but there are plans in the works to potentially have the Naval War College have an elective course in heritage preservation which Blake would be working with. I'm too able to be in to teach those, those ideas of cultural heritage preservation. So I know that as far as the Naval War College goes we're trying to work on that, but at the academies, I don't think unless Blake you know differently. No, and though you won't find it as part of the core curriculum of the academies or most colleges around the country, you'll find instructors at the academies and at the Naval War College that do engage with these topics because they see it as related and it is important. And then also providing that instruction. Like I said, the 38 Gulfs and there are Army personnel who it's their job to train people, specifically military people who are going on deployment or who are going to use this information. So they're getting the information or that's the idea of the program. I'll just note there's a number of statements in the chat here that talk about units operating in Asia, et cetera, after the Second World War during the Second World War at the end of the Second World War. So some good information there. Here's a good question. It's interesting that John Nicholas Brown, one of the founders of the Naval War College Foundation was one of the original monuments men. Do you have any additional thoughts on John Nicholas Brown's participation during the World War II period? Pretty specific question, but do you have any visibility on this? I did see that in the chat and that's wonderful. Honestly, that was a link that I did not know existed, which further solidifies the link with the Naval War College and the new monuments men, the 38 Gulf program. Something I was unaware of. Good, I see another comment here about how the heritage and preservation seems like a natural path. And maybe that's a great place that you tell officers early in their career. At some point after you become the world's best armor officer or the world's best surface warfare officer, this is a subspecialty that you might want to consider because it has really long-term implications on what can and cannot be done. Any other thoughts about the international relations that are involved in this process? Does the United Nations play a strong role in cultural preservation? They do UNESCO, which is the governing body for the UN that engages with cultural heritage. They are active players in the field that engaging with all of the organizations I mentioned like the Blue Shield and Ikram and Ikamoos. And they are a part of the discussion where people who are at the tops of these fields get together and they coordinate topics or events that need addressing.  Very good. All right, well, we've got just a couple of minutes left. So Blake, I'll leave it up to you and Jessica, if you have any closing thoughts that you'd like to pass along and we will proceed after that with our family discussion group. So any wrap up comments you might have. Thank you again, everyone for joining us and the 38 Golf is really, as far as we're concerned too, we're very new to all of this and we're candidates for the program. So as it develops, we'll be able to answer a lot more questions or a lot more questions will be answered about the 38 Golf program. But we really appreciate everyone tuning in and joining us for the presentation. Yep. We love talking about this stuff and we love engaging with it. So thanks everybody for being here. Thank you very much. As I said, wonderful presentation and an important subject that we don't think enough about because the actions we take or don't take today may last the next century. So I'll turn to Admiral Chatfield and David to see if they have any thoughts before we take our break. I would like to say thank you so much. I wasn't aware of the Army's robust program but I wanted to talk a little bit about the Navy's robust program in areas where we are identified as the property owner or as the interface with local populations. Having come from Guam, I am deeply aware of the attachment and regard for each cultural artifact and the Navy in the Pacific Fleet has a great deal of responsibility to notice, to train soldiers, sailors, airmen and marine who come to Guam so that they don't inadvertently destroy or take away an artifact which has deep cultural significance to that population. And I can only say that no matter how much money we put toward it or however much time or attention we put toward it, a single failure leaves a lasting loss to a family and a community. So I'm very, very grateful for the amount of attention and time that you've given today to talk to us about our role and your particular expertise in this kind of preservation activity. Thank you so much. Just thank you, Admiral. Just I read an article today about a new law or a new process that's been established to protect Neil Armstrong's footprints on the moon and the stuff that was left behind by the lunar landers and whatnot and the notion being that, you know, increasingly numbers of people will eventually go to the moon and it would be very inappropriate to tramp around behind where these pioneers went and whatnot. So it's cultural preservation on a huge scale, on a not only international but outer space basis. So, okay. Well, thank you very much. I just wanted to say one last thing, John. I wanted to thank you both because you're giving a lot of background and understanding to something. And we, of course, this was all popularized by, you know, the movie, The Monuments Men. We had our time in Belgium here and we made it to Little Town of Bruges, a small canal town, and made it to the cathedral that houses the Madonna and Child. And on our third try, it took us three tries. We finally got access to the church and saw it in person. And it was just, it's one of those wonderful things. We have great pictures and I just, I love what you do. Thank you for sharing it with us and giving us the background because we learned a lot and the cultural importance, it just can't be stressed enough and we got to chase it a little bit ourselves. So I want to thank you for what you do and sharing it with us. Thank you, David, I appreciate that. Okay, we will take a five minute break, come back at 5.35 and we'll have our family discussion group meeting. And we hope to see you all back here in two weeks for the next presentation on Feral Cities. Thank you.


This video is going to be the ultimate discord guide now discord is still new underrated highly misunderstood and it might be the biggest opportunity that absolutely nobody is talking about right now people are making millions of dollars a year on discord so it's no longer just a place for nerds to talk about their video game crushes although you can still do that so whether you're somebody who just wants a discord so you and your friends can have a burping competition and voice chat or you want to create a server that could potentially make you a millionaire this video is going to be for you no but with all joking aside i am going to go over what you actually need to know in order to start a discord now i recommend watching the whole video all the way through but if you're really busy there will be timestamps down in the description below and you can check those out gently tap the like button if you appreciate timestamps on my video and let's go ahead and get into it oh and by the way one thing i do in my videos is in order to go above and beyond i will have a gift for you at some point in this video so definitely stay tuned for that because you're not going to want to miss out on it oh and by the way you can kind of just look at my discord server i'll have it pop up on the screen here so you can see how professional looking it is how many different bots there are and if you want to check out my free discord server there will be a link down in the description below i've gotten lots of compliments even from others who own discord servers as well all right so we're going to start at the very beginning first we're going to go over how to create a discord account so you want to type in discord to google you can either go to discord app.com or discord.com now you can download discord of course that's recommended but you can also just open it in your browser but what you want to do if you already have an account and you're not logged in or you need to create an account is just go log in if you don't have an account click register if you do have an account type in your information here i'm going to go ahead and do that all right so once you have created your account and you're logged in i'll just go over some super basic stuff here on how to actually use discord all right so once you've created your account and you're logged in i'll just go over some super basic stuff on how to use discord so these are discord channels over here on the left you can kind of scroll through them for instance you know this is meet kevins this is andre geeks so if we want to go through andre geeks uh channel oh it looks like some people posted an announcement okay you can go ahead and read the announcement looks like they posted some stuff in crypto okay we can read about that and generally speaking with discord unless you want to annoy a lot of people make sure that you keep the discussions related to whichever chat you're in so for instance college degree chat career chat you know you probably don't want to ask like college degree questions in the investing chat now if you want to react to something that somebody said you can just go to their comment like this and you can choose your own reaction if you want or you can just do the same reaction that other people did like that and if you want to reply to people you just go to the comment you want to reply to and click reply and this is a little bit redundant because i already click reply to them but if you didn't want to do that you could just go at and then type their name in as well chris is a guy who comments all the time in my discord really cool guy then you just post it by pressing enter now you can also control whether you get notifications or not by right clicking and then you can just go you know mute channel or notification settings and choose whichever one you want so yeah that's just a super basic overview of the basics on how to use discord now we're going to go ahead and start a new discord so we're going to go down here to the bottom left and click add a server now you can create your own server from scratch if you want you can also go ahead and use a template and the different types of templates are going to be gaming school clubs study group friends artists and creators and local community now i think the most common one is probably going to be artists and creators and gaming so if you click on artists and creators it's going to bring you to this for me and my friends or for a club or a community and again this just totally depends on what you are creating it for so in this particular case i'm going to do it for a club or community and for the server name let's do eat more hummus and then you can upload a photo that's going to show on the left if you want to and then click create now the great thing about this is it already created several different text channels for you which is nice so you've got general events ideas and feedback announcements welcome and rules these are all things that you would have created anyway so it saved you a little bit of time now let's say you don't want one of these channels for whatever reason you could just go to the little gear icon here click it and then click delete channel and then let's say you don't want one of the categories so for instance you don't really want voice channels as a category you just hover over the category right click and then click delete category now let's say you want to create another category you just go to this drop down menu click create category we'll name this category gaming because i'm sure a lot of people watching this want to create gaming discords we don't want it to be a private category and then you just go ahead and click create but let's say you wanted to create like a cryptocurrency category just type that in create category and it's just going to appear right under and whenever you want to rearrange these all you have to do is just drag it so I just put the text channels category under the cryptocurrency in the gaming category I don't think it really belongs there so I'm just going to go ahead and drag these but it doesn't really belong there so I just put it right back now we're going to go ahead and add some different channels within the categories now when you add the channel most of them will be text channels the voice channels are for chatting with other people as well as screen sharing all right so this one's going to be called gaming general chat but I want to spice it up a little bit I want to add an emoji to it so what I'm going to do is go to google and type in gaming emoji emoji pedia is really good and I'm just going to copy that and then go back to the beginning and I'm basically just going to paste it of course there's keyboard shortcuts like control v but that's going to be different depending on what system you're on so you can also just do paste and then you want to do a space so it just looks kind of nice and then you just go ahead and click create channel now I made this and I realized that the name is a little bit too long so what I'm going to do is go to edit channel and I'm going to shorten it to gaming chat and then I'm just going to click save changes escape and there you go gaming chat all right so I'm going to go ahead and do that same thing to a bunch of the other channels and I'll be right back all right so I added in some more categories here as you can see all the same stuff information text channels gaming cryptocurrency added in some funny little emojis for each of those for instance maybe you want to create a channel about how much call of duty sucks now because it does let's be honest but very important I added two more types of channels that you probably don't want the average person who joins your discord to see the first one is a moderator channel and the second one is premium content so what I personally like to do is I like to make it very easy to see where the general like normal discord is the free discord is versus the private or the premium discord and so as you can see I put some lines here around the premium content so you can just right click on that go edit category and you can see what I did so I put you know some lines there but the diamond premium content another diamond and then some more lines so that's kind of what I like to do just to show that it's separated and then sometimes people like to do that with all the text channels as well all right so this is the part where it gets a little more difficult people have a kind of a hard time with this one and that is setting up roles and the reason we want to set up roles is we want just the normal people who join our server to only see this we want our moderators and admins to be able to see everything and then the people who subscribe to premium content we want them to see this and above so almost everything except for the moderators rooms so the way we do that is by adding roles so you want to go up here to the top and go to server settings then you want to click on roles now guys if you look at my roles I have a ton of them right I really went all out on my server and created a bunch of different roles I also reward people for commenting a lot and then I also have a bunch of bots on here as well but when you first start you really just want to keep it simple there are several basic roles that you want to make sure to add so what you want to do is go to create role it's going to have it as new role right there we are just going to create a basic member role now really important here you want to choose the color and make sure you don't choose a dark color the reason for this is because most people who are on discord are going to have it in the dark mode obviously and if you choose a dark color it's going to be really difficult to read people's names this is a mistake that I made with my discord so you really want to try to choose a light color now you can just choose one of these if you want to I mean you know green is nice you can also choose a custom color if you want to so you can slide this anywhere you want choose this color and then you just slide the little ball around so maybe you want like really bright obnoxious green that's where you would choose and luckily what discord does is it kind of shows you what it looks like with the color that you selected and that's really nice because when I created my discord this was not an option now when it comes to display role members separately from online members definitely click yes on this one and the reason for that is because the person wants to have the special color and then also you want them to show up on the right side of the screen and here's what I mean by that so this is the right side of the screen you know I've got level 10 level five level ones verified members it shows the bots people for whatever reason really want to be able to see like what role they're in on the right side of the screen that's really important to them it's like a hierarchy thing so you definitely want to always click this now other than that we're actually going to keep this role exactly the same because this is just a super basic role we don't really want them to be able to do anything so for instance you wouldn't want to check this because this would mean that they could just at mention like a bunch of different people and when it comes to the permissions same thing just keep it exactly the way that they have it and then I already did it but always make sure to click save changes it should be a little rectangle that pops up around right here so that's just the basic role next we're going to go ahead and add a moderator role okay so I clicked new role again type in moderator we'll choose a really ominous color for moderators bright red because we all know moderators want to be feared on discord now again you could choose an image here that is extremely specific to the discord that you're in so I'm not even going to bother this time but yeah if you want to choose an image that can look pretty cool you want to go down here display role members separately from online members go to the right there go to permissions all right so scrolling down a little bit here there are a few things you absolutely 100 want to allow your moderators to do kick members and band members without a doubt you want them to be able to do this I would also give them the ability to put members in timeout now those are the ones you definitely want to give your moderators the other ones are kind of preference but I usually give them a good amount of power so for instance manage roles that one's pretty iffy they could really mess up the roles if you let them manage channels you know obviously anyone that you would make a moderator you trust them so that's okay manage emojis and stickers I would say yes view audit log yes manage web hooks I wouldn't do that one manage server I would say no that's more of an administrator role manage nicknames yes because sometimes people will make kind of like inappropriate names you want them to be able to change that manage messages definitely manage threads I would say yes and then coming down here a little bit mute members deaf and members I would say definitely yes for those move members I would say yes priority speaker I would say yes and then the last thing you want to do is make sure to drag the moderator role on top of the member role so very important that moderators are on top of members and then make sure to always click save changes and next we are going to create an admin role I'm gonna go ahead and make the admin gold so you want to click a display role separately from online members again and then with this one you go over to permissions scroll all the way to the bottom and give them administrator rights you don't really have to bother checking any of these other ones and then you want to drag it to the very top and click save changes next we're going to do a bot role really quick and I'm going to go ahead and make this role bright blue I'm going to do display role separately from online members and you actually want to keep the bot role towards the bottom so you just click save changes and then finally we are going to create a premium role and you probably wouldn't name it premium you'd name it something much cooler than that because people are basically going to be paying in order to have this role and have access to the different chats so you'd probably name it something cooler than that but I'm just going to go ahead and name it premium and make that this nice green color here I'm going to scroll down display role separately from online members and then save changes and then you really want to drag the premium role probably like above the member role and then click save changes again because I forgot now of course there's no one on the server right now except for me but what you can do is go over to the right here and it shows all the people logged into the server which is it's just me right click it go to roles and you can change the role so in this particular case I'm going to make myself admin and there you go now when it comes to permissions for the individual channels and categories what you want to do is click the edit channel go to permissions click on advanced permissions so just go down the list and click X for all of these you don't want normal people to be able to see the moderator chat and click save changes but then you want to go to the left here and go to moderator you want to give them the ability to view the channel and basically you want them to be able to do everything all right so I went all the way down the list and I'm just going to go ahead and save changes and then remember we're in the moderator chat right now so what we're also going to do is let admins participate so same exact thing goes for them we're going to click the green check mark for everything and actually I realized with the admins you'd probably give them all the permissions with the moderators manage web hooks you might not want to do that for them so I'll just go ahead and put that one to the X and to be honest you might not want them to manage permissions either or to manage the channel it really just depends on how much you trust your mods but I'll just put those over to the X and another one that is questionable is the create invite so you know if you don't want them to be able to invite people to that particular channel um you you'd probably want to do that as well so but admin should have access to everything and then you want to go ahead and do the same thing for your admin chat go to permissions um you know go to everyone and just do X's all the way down the line and save changes and then you want to go to roles add the admin and do the green check mark all the way down the line and so basically you want your admins to have access to both the admin and the mod channel so when you go back to the main page and you see these little locks on the hashtag that means that other people can't see it and then if you don't want to go through and do it on the individual chats like for the premium content for instance you can right click it edit category go to permissions for everybody um it's premium content so you don't want everybody to be able to see it so you're going to go ahead and do all X's here and go ahead and save changes and then you're going to go ahead and do the exact same thing for the moderator and the admin you're going to give them access to that so I'll go do that really quickly and then skip over it and then lastly you are going to add the premium members and you're going to allow the premium members to view the channel of course you're not going to allow them to manage the channel you can allow them to send messages and messages and threads allow them to create public threads now allowing them to embed links um that's going to depend on what you want generally speaking if it's a premium channel you should probably allow them to embed links but you know a lot of them do have issues with spammers allow members to upload files or media in these channels yes add reactions use external emoji external stickers read message history I would say definitely yes and then after you're done go ahead and save changes and then you're going to see that all three of these chats are locked and only people who are admins mods or premium content members can see this now one thing that would be super annoying is if you had to manually go in and change everybody's role right so everyone who joined the server you'd have to manually go in and change their role to general or mod or premium that would take up a lot of time so what you want is a bot to do that for you and the best bot for doing that is the me six bot so it's me six dot xyz then you're going to go ahead and click add it to discord going to authorize and then you're going to want to select the server that you're setting up and so obviously it would be this one make sure the right server is selected eat more hummus continue and you do want to have all the permissions because you want it to be able to automatically control stuff on your server so you don't have to do it and then just go ahead and click authorize it's going to make you do a capture to make sure that you're not a bot now when you go back to your server you see that you finally have a member unfortunately it's a bot but you know at least you have a member now when you've added it you need to give it a role so you right click you got a roles and you click on the bot role that we created a little bit ago now there's a ton of different things that you can do with the me six bot the most obvious one is just sending a welcome message so you can go there and click you know send a message when users join a server you can select the channel go to welcome and rules and it has this you know custom message here so it'd be like hey user welcome to the eat more hummus server now you probably don't want to use the generic message you probably want to change that to something but in this particular case i'm just going to keep it that way click save and then you're going to scroll down to the bottom here and there are some other options you could send a private message to new users that that would be a lot of private messages if you have a bigger discord so i don't recommend it you can give a role to new users which i definitely do recommend so you click that button right there go here and you want to give them the member role and it warns me here that i have to put the me six role above all of the other roles listed so i'm going to go back to the server go up here click on server settings go to roles and then i literally just drag the me six bot all the way to the top save changes i go back here and there's no longer a warning message and then always make sure to save now the me six bot is honestly amazing there's so many different things that you can do with it there are free ways to use it of course but they also have some paid options as well so for instance you can set it up to where whenever you go live on twitch it'll notify people whenever you make a tweet it'll notify people put it in a you know a twitter channel same with youtube instagram and reddit all right so you now know how to set up a basic discord there's a lot more to it when it comes to the bots there's so many different bots out there and there's so many different things that you can do with them if i went into that this video would be hours and hours long next part we're going to talk about how you can make money from discord now i'm going to talk about the most common methods selling your own services is one method you can also partner with a sponsor like nord vpn you can sell premium roles if you have a discord server that's really popular it's almost like selling a skin on a video game basically you can also sell premium bots to servers so you can make your own version of me six you can sell paid promotions within your server so this is basically the same thing as allowing an ad to be in there and then the one that i believe to be the best and that is create a premium part of your own server now a lot of the time people will want to see you know premium live streams for instance they'll also want to have premium chats where they can you know chat with other premium members and it's usually a good idea for you to be relatively active especially in the premium chats i mean that's kind of why people paid for it because they want to be able to talk to you but there are people making hundreds of thousands of dollars a month no not hundreds of thousands of dollars a year there are many people making hundreds of thousands of dollars a month by doing this on discord so for instance max maher is doing this and the way he does it is through patreon which is a really good way it's the way i do it as well very simple very easy to set up and most of his members are here in this 90 999 dollars per month range but he has a good amount of people in the 3499 dollars per month range as well and then he even has another one that's about 50 dollars a month and he has over 10 000 patrons if you do the math here with his average patron being between 999 and 4999 i'm going to guess it's probably about 15 dollars or so he's making around 150 000 dollars a month and uh he does coaching he does buy and sell alerts he does the live streams so yeah i'm not picking on him just one example there are many other youtubers and discord owners that are doing the same thing in fact here is my patreon where i tell people about my investments i help them pick college degrees and careers i also do one-on-one coaching sometimes i answer people's questions i do live streams my patreon is a great way for you to access me and it is connected to my discord and of course if you would like to consult with me you can check that out down in the description below so when you're on patreon you do have to set up paid tiers and of course i'm not going to do that in this video that would be something to do in a completely different video but it's very easy so once you want to do after you've created your patreon is click view page edit your page then you want to go to tiers and then you want to edit the tier and then you want to scroll down here and click into the advanced section and then right here it would say connect to discord now i'm already connected to discord so it's different but that is how you would connect to your discord you'd click that and it would have you basically install the patreon bot onto your discord now that's already installed onto mine so if we go back to my discord we go to server settings and we go to roles it will show up as patreon i've renamed it to patreon premium subscriber bot but you want to make sure that this is very close to the top you don't want to put it over owner but it should be over just about everything else so if it's not close to the top of its way down here make sure you drag it up then once that's dragged to the top you're going to go back to patreon you are going to click give patrons access to select discord roles going to go to the roles here and then you would find the role that you made now in the example of the simple server we just made i named it premium and this example on my server it's named premium subscriber i'm not going to click it because i don't want this particular patreon tier to have premium subscriber status but that's what you can do and you can even make multiple patreon tiers and then give people access to different parts of your discord for instance maybe you have one patreon tier that gives you just basic premium discord access you have another patreon tier that gives people access to live streams another patreon tier that lets people directly message you you know something along those lines but after you're done you would want to go down here and click save tier now you could definitely create your own server i would say for a server like mine probably takes around maybe 10 to 20 hours but you don't have to do it all at once you kind of just do it as you go along and it's really easy to read articles online or watch tutorial videos but there are a few shortcuts that you can take first of all there are discord templates so a really good website is discord templates dot me and you can look at different servers and kind of just see how they look so this server for instance you can kind of see the templates that it has on the left and then all the different roles that it has and then if you like it you can click use template and your discord server is going to match that one so that's one kind of shortcut you can do if you find a discord server template that you really like now when it comes to how to get your initial members in the discord server there's many different things you can do first of all you can invite your friends the way you do that is go up to the top here where it has the title click on the drop down and invite people and i'm not going to click on it but if you did click on it it would give you a link and you can send your friends that link or in some cases it'll just automatically send it to them you can also post your discord on other social medias so you could post a link to it on your facebook or if you have any other social medias like youtube another great thing to do is to be active in other discords and then you know don't like advertise yours too much but you know just make it obvious that you also have one on discord itself you can put it in your profile description so when people click on your profile or hover over it they'll see that you do own your own discord you can find specific subreddits that have to do with whatever your discord is about so for instance if your discord is about a very specific video game maybe you would find the subreddit about that video game and people would be interested joining the discord you can also advertise your discord so you know right here discord dot me slash advertise now when i first started my discord i didn't want to learn how to do any of this advertising stuff so i paid somebody else to advertise for me and the way that i found people who advertised for me was i went to fiverr so when you're on fiverr all you have to do is just type in discord promotion and there are a lot of different options for you here now be careful with some of these because a lot of them are going to be a little bit sketchy they might just give you like fake discord members so look into it make sure you look at the reviews etc etc also make sure you read discord's terms of service and make sure what they're doing isn't going to get your discord in trouble but yeah this is kind of a fast way in order to advertise your discord and actually if you want somebody to create the discord for you so you don't want to spend those 20 hours creating it you can also use fiverr so you type in create discord and there are people who will set your discord up for a relatively good price now keep in mind you're probably going to get what you pay for here you know if you choose a person who's charging five dollars they're probably just going to you know get some random template out there and then make a few changes here and there there are people who do specific types of discord so i will create nft stocks and crypto discord servers there's lots of people who do gaming group discord servers so whatever discord server you want to make there's going to be somebody on fiverr who specializes in it now i do have a gift for you here there's people that i've personally used or friends of mine have used that they recommend on fiverr and these are people who are good kind of like at the more expensive level people who are a little bit more affordable and then people who are dirt cheap but they still make relatively decent discords and i'm going to go ahead and put a link to my rolodex to people who i've used who i think are pretty good down in the description below i'm going to put it a little bit below my affiliate link so it's going to be kind of like halfway through it's going to be a google doc if you enjoyed the video and you made it this far check out the video about asking 100 supercar owners what they do for a living and if they went to college the super fun video you are going to love it gently tap that like button hit subscribe button ring the notification bell and comment down below any thoughts comments etc the job on the video and i will see you next time


We're at Open Zebulin. Probably you have heard about Open Zebulin because of the security audits we performed. Last year we audited the Solidity compiler. We also audited a lot of projects for Coinbase. We audited back in the days the Serpent language and we broke it by the way. And most recently we audited the well-known Compound and Instagram. You probably also know us because of the Open Zebulin contract repository. One of the most used libraries in this ecosystem that has more than 22k of downloads per week. And probably everyone that has developed an ERC-20 or ERC-721 probably used this library. So, the agenda for today. We're going to go through how we can develop smart contracts using the Open Zebulin SDK. Afterwards we're going to see how we can build dApps super super easy using the Open Zebulin Starter kits. And afterwards we're going to talk about some DX UX admin problems we faced while developing dApps for users. And we're going to talk about the Open Zebulin GSM tools. So the first part of this talk is going to be about DX and the second one about UX. Developer experience, user experience. So let's start with DX. It's super important for us to know what problem we have here. I think that if you as software developers or developers have worked in other ecosystems probably you know that our tools are still super super great compared to those other ecosystems. And us in Open Zebulin basically love to build stuff for you to make your life easier. And that's why we built two super useful tools that are the Open Zebulin SDK and the Open Zebulin Starter kits. Let's begin with the Open Zebulin SDK. The Open Zebulin SDK is a software development tool, basically a CLI that will let you develop your smart contracts, compile them with any version of Solidity you want, deploy them with this only with one command, upgrade them, and we can talk later about that, interact with them in a super easy way, and also start your dApps like in five minutes. How you can use it? Well, it's an MPM package, Open Zebulin CLI, so just run in MPM install at Open Zebulin slash CLI, we'll do the trick. You will probably first want to initialize your project, you can do that using the Open Zebulin init command, it basically will run a lot of stuff that will create your contract folder, it will set up your network configuration file, and a couple of other things for you to track your different contracts within your project. So, basically, we want to develop smart contracts, we have a MyContract contract, which has to do something function that receives something from it or some super super easy to understand. We only have to run Open Zebulin create, specifying the contract name on the network name, so you will have your contract deployed to the main network in this case. But if you forgot about the contract name or the network name, it's fine. All the Open Zebulin contracts are interactive, all the Open Zebulin commands are interactive, and you will be able to just run Open Zebulin create, and the CLI will guide you in the process of deploying your contract. So, for example, here we have a contract, MyContract in mainnet, at the address 1af, the one that starts with 1af. And we probably want to talk with our contracts, right, because we have already deployed them, and we want to, for example, call functions, see the value of our variables, or maybe just do transactions. The Open Zebulin SDK has two super handy commands, which are call and send transaction, called for calling pure and view functions and send transaction to any other public function of our contract that will actually make a transaction. The usage is super, super easy. Interactive commands, if you just run Open Zebulin call or send transaction, it will ask you to pick a network of your network configuration file. It then will list all the instances you can create. Afterwards, it will, I mean, not create, but to call. Afterwards, it will list all the functions that that contract has. For example, here they do something I already showed, and call me maybe function. And just by selecting the something, it will ask you for each parameter the function has. And that's it. That's it. You will see the transaction cache, which you will be probably able to copy and paste in EtherScan and see how it did. Well, we know that software development, contract development is done by developers and developers are persons, people making mistakes every time. We know this. We know what's happening right now in the smart contracts ecosystem. We can just push our broken code and a lot of dollars, billions of dollars can be lost. And it's important to have, like, tools for getting rid of these problems. So probably upgrading our contract is a solution. If we have a MyContractSolution, MyContract, with our doSomething function, which might be broken. We can modify it with this, just modifying the code. We can also add new functionality. And just run the open-setting-upgrade command, which will reupload the new code in the exactly same address. I'm not going to go super-super-deep in this topic. You can afterwards, after the talk, ask me questions, but if you want to just see how it works, you can go to setplane-slash-upgrades. There's documentation for you. Anything else? Well, yeah. We have seen all the left commands. The list that is on the left, you can create a grade call and send transaction. But we also developed a lot of super handy commands. For example, open-setting-complied for compiler contracts with any solider version you want. Open-setting-verified for verifying them in ether scan or ether chain. Open-setting-accounts for listing all your accounts within a network. Open-setting-transfer for transferring not only ether, but also ERC-20 tokens. Open-setting-balance for querying a balance of an account again in ether and in ERC-20 tokens. And open-setting-impact that is bolder. I don't know why it is bolder than you. Okay, okay. So probably Pala, who made this presentation for me because I'm super lazy for making my own presentations, wanted to say me something, right? So basically the open-setting-impact is the command that will let us link the open-setting SDK with the open-setting-storekits. Open-setting-storekits are basically dapps-caffoldings that will let us start our dapps super super easy. They include the well-known open-setting contracts, the open-setting SDK we have been talking about in Fiora for connecting to any blockchain, Ethereum blockchain, a one-liner that will allow us to configure super super easy for three, React and RIML for our front-end components, and also the open-setting-potloader, which is basically a tool we developed for you to modify your contract and see the changes of that contract in your web app just save in the file. So you add a new function, for example, and you are reading the API of that contract, you will be able to buy it, save in the file, see that new functionality within your website. So super easy again to use. With the SDK, we just have to run open-setting-unpack-starter, which is basically an empty version of the starter kit, so you can start your project from scratch, or open-setting-unpack-tutorial, which has a super fancy tutorial we're going to see later, or open-setting-unpack-gsn, and I put here a spoiler alert because we're going to go deeper into gsn in a couple of minutes. But just running mpm-run-start with the trick, you will be able to see the demo. There are two examples for you to learn how to use the open-setting SDK that are on Contra and even in packages. Super easy to understand. If you want to go and see what is this, please go to zeppelin-slash-starter-kits or zeppelin-slash-sdk to see what our total SDK is. And I think that we may have solved the dx problems here. I mean, we have a lot of dx problems, but maybe, you know, now you can start your project, deploy them with only one command, interact with it with other command, upgrade it with other command, verify them with other command. But this doesn't solve... I mean, this is solving our problem as developers. But what about the problem that users, like real people have? People that, every day, sits in their desktops or their laptops, for example, my father, which, by the way, loves to buy stuff on the Internet. I'm from Buenos Aires, Argentina. We don't have Amazon there, but we have a very similar website that is called Mancada Ude. That basically is exactly the same. Whatever you want for, I don't know, food or stuff. And just by adding your credit card, using your credit card, you can get your stuff in your home, like, two days later. But what about... By the way, my dad is 73 years old, so what would happen to him if he's in his computer and he sees these faults?    Private keys? What are private keys? Super-conversant for him. Not for us, because we're a developer spot. For a real user, it will be super-conversant. So my dad will be sad because he won't be able to buy his stuff and the folks will troll him. And that's not good. So it's a fact, and it's a well-known fact, by the way, that we lose 90% of our users in the installed MetaVast image. Clearly, what we are missing is user experience. That's why I'm super-happy to introduce you to the gas station network, which is the ultimate onboarding solution for Ethereum applications. Basically, the GSN is a great contract architecture in the blockchain that was first developed by Tavukki and afterwards developed by an alliance of companies, Tavukki opens up the importers pillar, for solving the user-amorting problem. I'm going to give you a brief introduction about this. Basically, the GSN is composed by a centralized group of relayers who are paid for relaying transactions. We're going to go deeper into this later about relaying that are, like, you know, relayers. A single and audited by Open Zepelin contract for coordinating everything that is called the Relay Hub, your jobs will pay for their own transactions. I mean, if I made an app, I would pay for the transactions, not the user, so my dad doesn't have to, or any user doesn't have to, doesn't have to struggle with the funds, which is great. So, let's go and see how does it work.  We don't know how a regular transaction works. My dad talks to Metamask, and Metamask helps him to talk with the contract in Ethereum blockchain. We also know how Metatransactions work. My dad will talk with our relayer, and the relayer will talk with the blockchain, maybe, or probably using the entity contract, aside from my dad. The GSN Metatransaction solution works slightly different. Basically, my dad will talk to a relayer. This relayer will check whether or not the recipient contract has funds for paying the transaction fees, and to pay the relayer fee, because here we have a relayer fee. If you're a relayer, if you want to start up every layer, which is super easy to do, like another five-minute thing, you will be able to actually get paid for those transactions through relay. If you have 100 relayers, and there are a lot of transactions that you are relaying, you will be earning money. As I was saying, the relayer will check whether or not the recipient contract has funds to pay for this transaction fee and the relayer fee, and if it does, then the relayer will have this contract that is, by the way, deployed by us in every single blockchain and it's unique. There's only one for each blockchain. We'll do several checks, for example, if the relay call is legitimate, and afterwards it will ask the recipient contract whether or not it wants to accept the relay call. If it does, it will actually send the relay call to the contract, to the recipient contract, and the under-rack hub will be able to pay the relayer for that transaction. So basically it's the meta-transactions from Royce because you don't have... When I say you, the smart contract developer, you don't have to think about assigning identity contracts to users and maybe afterwards ask the user to please add his credit card for doing a simple transaction and pressing a button in your website. That's why I told you here that that's paid for their own transactions, which is great, at least for the onboarding problem. And how can we use this stuff? Because I'm taking a lot of technical stuff and maybe you just want to use it. Well, we developed, as a team, the GSM provider. You can install it using MPM. The GSM provider is basically yet another Web3 provider that you will be able to use to transform your regular transactions into meta-transactions, into relay hub, relay GSM transactions. So just by changing your typical HTTP provider to the GSM provider, you will be able to do a call as in the third line. My contract.methods.dosomething, depending on where you were seeing before, and that's all. Instead of doing a regular transaction, it will do a meta-transaction, which is great, right? So you only have to change one line. Also, you have to make your contract GSM payable. And for that, the Open Zeppelin Contracts, or Open Zeppelin Solidity team, created a couple of contracts. For example, the GSM recipient that you will find just installing, Open Zeppelin Contracts, which just inheriting... Yes, if you have your contract, and you inherit from it, you will be able to access to the accept relay call. This function, I told you that checks whether or not the recipient contract wants to receive the transaction or not. Well, you can call that in the accept relay call. And what else? The Open Zeppelin GSM Helper. Maybe it could be for you to set up everything to develop your own GSM capable apps. And we basically developed these GSM Helpers for you to make it, like, in only one command. Just right after installing the GSM Helpers running, if you run all GSM runway layer, this will basically create a relay app in your local network if it's not created. It will download the binary of the relayer. It will then start the relayer. It will associate that relayer to the relay app. And it will fund it so it's capable of receiving transactions relay calls. And if you don't like CLIs, you also can use a programmatic way, which will be basically importing a register relay function and a fund recipient function from the same library. And just with one liner you will be able to or fund a relayer or fund a recipient or whatever you want to do. And we have been talking only about CLIs, code, but we also developed some web tools. You can go to seplin-slash-gsm-tool which will let you see, I mean, if you develop your own contracts and you upload them and you link them to the gas station network, if they are GSM capable, you will be able to see all the information of the DAB tool with the DAB tool and also see information of all their real names. But okay, I know I have like talked a lot about a lot of like, you know, tools, tools, tools, tools, tools. So, spoiler alert ended. You can use the starter kit, the GSM starter kit just by running with the CLI OpenSeplin AMBAP GSM and you will have the OpenSeplin contracts and CLI as you had in the previous starter kits in few organized react renewal again and you will also have within this starter kit the OpenSeplin GSM provider and the GSM helper. So, basically, by running all MPX, this command, OpenSeplin AMBAP GSM, you will be able to just start your GSM cafe capable DAB. And, well, that's all. This is the all, this are all the repositories we have been working on for the last year. The contracts, the CLI, the GSM provider, the GSM helpers, the OpenSeplin network and OpenSeplin test helper for you to test your contracts. You can please go to seplin.com to see all of this and also to seplin.com to see the documentation and, well, thank you very much.


and all this woke sort of tribal self-pampering, it's pampering, it's the I becomes everything to look after. I have to do me. No, you don't have to do you, you have to do the truth, not you that way.