Welcome to the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference 2022 here in Bucharest, Romania where I've got the great pleasure of being joined in the studio today by Tsukou Kouda who is the regional director for the ITU Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Tsukou, welcome to the studio. Thank you. Thank you for having me. Let's talk a little bit about PP22. How do you think it's gone?  You've been involved in a lot of conversations here, I'm sure, and seen a lot of the member states. What has been your feeling? Has it gone well? Have the member states felt that they've got a lot out of it? I believe that the PP is an excellent platform for countries to express their challenges and opportunities, because more. And I'm particularly pleased to note that we have several Pacific delegations who are with us for this conference, and they have been participating, following and expressing their views in the conference. So I believe that it's a very important aspect of a plenipotentiary conference. How would you describe digital transformation in Asia and the Pacific right now? I believe that this conference in particular accentuated the growing digital divide. For example, in Asia and the Pacific, there are several advanced economies, which are moving very fast with 5G and other emerging technologies, such as AI, IoT and blockchain, for example. These are becoming part of our reality, but for the rest of the countries in the region, they are still struggling with connecting the unconnected. So I believe that the conversations we are having now at the conference really reveals the growing digital divide that we are seeing in Asia and the Pacific. And what are the digital transformation trends that you're currently seeing in the region? I can see two trends, the major ones, I think. I believe that the COVID really made us realise that digital technology is really a big, big part of our future, as well as in the current lifestyle. And at the same time, there are still many people who are unconnected and underconnected. So I think we are in the process of realising that inclusion equates connectivity. That without connectivity, we cannot include people in economic development, social development or environmental aspects of STG. So this is one, clearly there is a massive effort going on to connect the unconnected or underconnected. But at the same time, we are seeing a very rapid advancement of technologies. I came up with a simple formula that the intelligence multiplied by speed. And that is really pushing the envelope on a daily basis, that AI, data analytics, as I said, have been becoming our daily life. And that speed of development is really fascinating. So how to reconcile these two aspects of inclusion and advancing the rapid development of technology I think is our major challenge moving forward in Asia and the Pacific. What about ITU's initiatives? How is ITU helping to move this forward, connecting the unconnected? So one of the major initiatives we are implementing to reconcile these two aspects is the Smart Village Smart Island, which is gaining recognition and traction in the Pacific as well as other countries in Asia and the Pacific. This initiative aims to not only provide connectivity to unconnected communities but also encourage the community engagement, focusing on vulnerable groups of women, people with disabilities, youth and older generation. And at the same time, we are promoting the whole of government approach so that it's not only the ICT sector's initiative but involving education, health, agriculture, commerce and the whole business community to come on board so that this community connectivity will be sustained and expanded by the community as well as businesses. And I hope that this initiative will also provide a platform for the UN so that different UN agencies can come and join, implement their initiatives as well as the platform for partners who will come and join and utilise the connectivity that ITU provides. And I believe that this initiative can really show the value of ITU as the core convener of this whole partnership initiative. And finally, I'd like to ask you, in terms of the key takeaways of these three weeks that we've been living here in Bucharest under these walls here at the Palace of the Parliament what do you think will be the key takeaways for member states in the Asia-Pacific region and perhaps around the globe as well? I think this confidence really emphasised the importance of communication, collaboration and coordination on different topics. We see some of the different topics of different views where a member country may or may not agree on all points but perhaps we can find common ground within the region and perhaps that can be translated into action and partnership although that may be different from region to region but I think that could be a good way forward to really localise and have this communication conversation within the region where the predicaments and environments are quite similar and perhaps they can agree on the common ground. And I hope that the regional office in Asia-Pacific can be involved and can support such regional dialogue. So Koko, thank you very much for joining us in the studio and we look forward to hearing a lot more of some great forward thinking plans and actions in your region. Thank you very much indeed. Thank you.


From the beginning, it was my dream I worked with in this humanitarian response actually. I'm in the COVID response now, the main challenge is for us, we are working with the such type of beneficiaries who are already in more vulnerable conditions as in the refugee camps. It is very difficult to maintain them with the physical distancing and isolation and quarantine. Moreover, there is a superstition and the social stigma which is very tough to stay away from your close one. But you know, it doesn't matter some positive things.


Hey guys, welcome back to another week of What's for Dinner. My name is Andrea with Food and Mentory Adventures in Food. Our channel is all about the food. We do taste test, grocery hauls, recipes, and What's for Dinner. And we are kicking off another week of What's for Dinner with Papa John's. So Howard and I just came back in town from visiting Howard's family out of state. We wanted to do that before it got too far along. The pregnancy and neither one of us felt like cooking. And so we just decided to stop by and get a carry out pizza from Papa John's. We got the works, which is basically a supreme pizza, but we did not get any olives. Not a big fan of olives. So anyway, this is what we're having for dinner tonight. It is a large pizza with the works from Papa John's. See you guys next time. Hey guys, so for dinner tonight, we are having Trader Joe's Fettuccine Alfredo. And here it is on the plate. And I was gonna make some garlic bread, but I remember that we had these hot dog buns from Hot Links left over. We had two, and so you can't really tell, but there's butter on there. And then I lightly toasted them, so that's that. And then we're gonna have salad. This is Howard's plate. He's probably gonna have this Caesar dressing. And then I'm going to have this toasted sesame dressing. So this is what we're having for dinner tonight, and we'll see you guys next time. Hey guys, so we are using up some more food from our freezer and pantry. So the green beans came from our freezer, so we're using that. And then we are also having shrimp scampi. The pasta came from the pantry. And the shrimp came from the freezer. Let me show you what the box looks like.  So this is my first time trying the lemon scampi or lemon garlic butter sauce, I should say. So this is Howard's plate right here, and this is my plate. And so this is what we're having for dinner tonight, and we'll see you guys next time. Hey guys, another pantry and freezer meal tonight. So we are having some spaghetti. We have a ton of pasta in the pantry. So we are using up some pasta from the pantry. Then I also had several different jars of spaghetti sauce. And so we are having some spaghetti sauce, and we added ground beef. And also a couple of cans of stewed tomatoes. Howard actually cooked dinner tonight, so we're having the spaghetti. And then we're also having garlic toast. This is the garlic bread that I am using. This is the one from Tom Thumb. And I've talked about this before on other what's for dinners and I really like this stuff. So I'm having one slice of that. And then in our freezer, we had one slice of peppered farm garlic bread and Howard is having that. This is his plate, he put some crushed red pepper on top of it. And I forgot about the bread in the oven, which is why it is so dark. It's overcooked, but it'll still be good. So this is what we're having for dinner tonight, and we'll see you guys next time. Hey guys, so let me show you what I'm having for dinner tonight. Howard was full and did not feel like having dinner. So I grabbed something from our freezer. This is something that I picked up a long time ago from Kroger. And it is Tokyo style ramen, and here it is. All you do is add water, and then you microwave it. And as you can see, it has broccoli carrots, which I'll take out. Cuz I don't like carrots. And it does have a good flavor. I think if I get it next time, I probably wouldn't get chicken flavor. I might get beef or pork or something like that if they have it. But it's really not bad, tastes pretty good. So this is what I'm having for dinner tonight, and I'll see you guys next time.


and has some of the Navy's finest officers. But I suppose the last junior officer I'd want to part with would be Lieutenant Will Brown. He's one of a new breed, the aeronautical maintenance duty officer, the AMDO.  Get it down so we can get the stabilizer on and go through there. And we got, you see we got one engine. Yeah, we need one more. Brackets right here. Have we got enough screws for them? Do they think it's special bolts? No, it's a regular standard 1032. OK, any problems in the BLC here, bracket there? Right, due to our engine voice, all the time. High performance jets are wonderful machines. But they've grown so complex, along with their electronics and weapons, that it takes a real expert just to coordinate the repair and maintenance effort. I count myself lucky to have a young man like Will Brown in my squadron. Our record of flying hours is his record of careful, hard work. Aeronautical maintenance duty officers receive a basic course at Memphis, which prepares them for their first assignment. The emphasis is on practical subject matter that can be put right to work. There are other forces that work or impose a load on these propeller blades, one of them being aerodynamic twisting moment. We have a flat surface on the bottom and a cambered surface on the top of the airfoil. Because it is a airfoil design, it attempts to take an increase in bite or an increase in angle. This angle is our lift, which produces your power. You have your power turbine section, which is from here aft, which extracts the power and provides power to your main transmission in your helicopter. It's a very light engine, weighs approximately 294 pounds, which is good for helicopters. Simulated maintenance control problems, using a fast clock, put the pressure on the students. AMDO is a pressure job. Mayness, be advised, your event six is on the deck, 1,600. You ready to copy? All right, both aircraft had one field, 404 had a reference of 8, which is hydraulically in the flap area, 410 had a reference of 42, which is an aileron flood or dabbler leak. After Memphis comes Athens, Georgia, supply corps school. No specialty in the Navy works closer with supply than AMDO, included as learning to work with computers. Computers have entered just about every facet of supply and aviation maintenance. Making sure that an operator won't inadvertently ride over some data you want to save. And the method that we use for that is a physical device, which is known as the ride-enable ring. Go ahead and mount this tape on tape cabinet number three. And the main thing is to make sure, as you start out, that you do get that tape flush with this hub in the back, pushing all the way back against the tape cabinet. Most career officers receive graduate school, either some major university, or the Navy's own fine postgraduate school, Monterey, where I did PG work. AMDO could, for example, study noise suppression. This could lead to staff duty helping solve noise pollution problems. Just one of many interesting future assignments. To answer your question, the primary impact in this area is the FCLP pattern. When you have a full pattern, five aircraft ends up with an interval of about 30 seconds going around the pattern. This chart now shows the areas where you receive complaints, either by telephone or by letters, petitions, and a group of letters in this area. If you'll notice in sound zones two, the greatest predominance of the complaints. Even in areas outside of zone one in Miramesa, we've had several complaints. We've had justification for establishing the zones recorded by actual complaints from citizens. But the place where the AMDO really performs is at sea on a carrier. It's a demanding job, from the solitude of paperwork to dueling with the ship's chief petty officers, who, incidentally, are master duelers. The AMDO has to be able to handle pressure. Chief, to support about $600 a month in the F4J, we've been using an average of about two UHFs a day, a TACN, three radar altimeters, and an IFF. How are you fixed up to keep this our support up? No problem on the TACN and radar altimeters. However, I think you've got some antenna problems in your birds. We're getting a high A799 rate with the radios coming in. On the radios, OK. I'll take care of that. Chief, to support us with AOLon Fax, Brother Fax, Servos, MagnaFlex, a couple of struts, and Stabilator support, how are you fixed? Outstanding on your outside support, the only problem we have is your men are removing accessories and parts from the components before they send them into the AIMD. Consequently, it doubles our waiting parts time. OK, we'll take care of that. I'll look into some. Hey, Chief, you've got 24% of my people, TAD to you. And we're set OK on avionics and airframes people, but I could light some of my cues back. Forties, too, if you can afford it. Sure, we can give you some of them back as soon as we get this new avionics bench put together and set in, all that you have, a couple of them back. But the onus people, since you didn't bring it up in the first place, I don't think we can let you have them. Yeah, OK. I'd also like my radars. So this is the wheel you're going to BCM. Yes, sir. What are you finding with it? Well, we had a curtain, and we found a crack. And this is the third one, we found like this. Just on this side right here, or both flanges? Both flanges. Both flanges? Yes, sir. Our miniature module component repair can replace these with no problem whatsoever. Have we got corrosion problems on these boards here? Yes, sir. We have a problem right in this area. However, it can be cleaned off right away, as long as we catch it in time, and then we just put a covering over the module so it doesn't. What did you find them on, actually, there, Chief? Well, sir, the contamination patch test is definitely beyond that is true, except dual standards. As you can see, in comparison tests, it's way above a five level. I guess you want me to dial my airplane, huh? Yes, sir. I would recommend that we don't fly the aircraft until we do know for sure that we have got a good bird. Andler, my 101 just went down for a fuel leak, and you have to burn a fuel pump. I'm going to need to change that, and I'm going to need it for a high-powered turn afterwards. I won't be able to make this launch with this bird. What else have you got available? Well, the only other radar I got is 112. Boom, back way down there. Hang on, boy. Yes, Chief. All right, all right. OK, here's the problem right here. We've got two awaiting maintenance to await you. We've got one in worm on the board, and we've got three AWP here, and the problem here is we just don't have anybody else to put on them. If I gave you another man, would that help you get some of these and the waiting maintenance all on the bench? We could take another and put another one on the board. The computer shows three ARC-50 ones available in a rollable pool. I only see a couple of them here. Do you know where the rest of them are? They're in the AIMD shack being repaired. They should be back shortly. OK, I need three of them tonight. Can you help me? Definitely. They'll be back tonight. I told you, Chief, I wanted this bird for a high-powered turn.  How about doing something for me? Look, weapons came down here and told us that they had to have that hatch open back here in order to get the ordinance after the flight.  I've got three and a half hours to do this. Can you have it up topside in half an hour? It looks like I can probably have it up there in a half an hour. OK. If that bird isn't topside in 30 minutes, we'll be down here again. Some of the Navy's finest officers. But the last one I'd partner with would be Will Brown, my AMDO.


Hey everyone. Hello. Good morning. Very good morning Good to see you all Thanks for joining in guys. Hope you all are doing well. Hey Paul. Hi Anita. Hey knock Chafina. Hi Lea Hello. Hello. Hello So I hope you're all doing well. Good to see you or as always Very quickly, can I request either one of you to start us off with a word of prayer, please? Yes, please go ahead Father we come to under the name of Jesus. We thank you for this beautiful J for the beautiful class. We are about to have God I praise each and everyone who has joined here into your hands as we study about your church as we study about everything Give us your wisdom knowledge and understanding. I bless each and everyone right here. Give us good Internet connections and be with this and guide us throughout this class. We give you all the praise and glory in Jesus name. I pray amen Many men. Thanks. You know Okay, it's welcome once again. Hey Rosalind. Hi, Rebecca See you. All right But I hope you've been learning a little bit So far what we've covered in this course Regime The church of God the house of God regarding the local church Hope it's been informative and transformative Right, so to do a very quick recap So far we've covered from section one six chapters. We've discussed in detail about the church It's a spiritual and natural dimensions The purpose its mission message and the methods The government and its structure of the local church the stages and growth and development where we Learned about, you know, how the apostles were added the deacons the elders etc. What and what makes a local church strong the some of the principles the healthy principles To have a successful local church and then we go to the second section where we start talking about the blueprint of God's blueprint for the local church because we started off this course by saying The local church is God's idea. It's his blueprint, right? And a couple of things what we did see was that the local church is the body of Christ and The local church is the family of God right and so Some of the things that we Discussed in the previous class was the family of God as we mentioned and we saw that how the house of God is a spiritual house Right. It's a spiritual house. That means In just like any other household there is a family and so and Like just like any other family, you know has its own practices You have to conduct yourself a certain way, you know behave a certain way We saw that as some of the good practices and whatnot and And we saw some of the cultures and the practices at APC as an example that's what we saw and We were encouraged to walk in brotherly love to keep the unity and fellowship of the spirit, right? And we saw that everyone works not every You know, everyone who is part of the local church is Is encouraged to be involved with something to to give back to the local church, etc Right. So those are some of the things that we looked at and what a Christ-centered community looks like and and How we can, you know in the name of community, you could you know We can end up talking about the things of the world all the unnecessary and the unhealthy things that is not necessary But how a Christ-centered community looks like right?  So to speak, okay So yeah, that's where we are at and I hope you all are So breathing and all well today we look at chapter 10 in the second section and page 69 in your PDFs Right, we will talk about the pillar of truth We'll try and dress quite a few things today Few champ will try and cover a few chapters today But we'll see how that goes, right? so Chapter 10 the local church as the pillar of truth right first Timothy chapter 3 verse 15 and Says but if I am delayed I write so that you may know how you ought to conduct yourself Now we've seen this scripture multiple times in this course by now, right first Timothy chapter 3 15 should become like John 3 16 for us Right in this course. That's how it is, but we've seen a different aspects of This verse You know different words have been accentuated and can be studied, right? So if I'm delayed all this writing I write so that you may know how you ought to conduct yourself Which we studied in the previous chapter and then he goes on to say conduct yourself in the house of God Right, and then he becomes more descriptive about it Which is the church of the living God and Then goes on to say the pillar and the ground of truth So that is where we are at, right? We've seen it as the house of God and how we have to conduct and behave ourselves as a family in the house of God Which is a church of the living God and then today we will learn about the pillar that it is the pillar and the ground of The truth Okay, that's very important. All those words are important, especially the last word truth It is the pillar and ground of not something a random or it's a pillar and ground of you know, whatever It's the pillar and ground of truth Okay. I'm so very quickly. Okay, so what is the difference between a fact and a truth? And do I need a knock knock joke to start off with knock knock? What? What is the difference between a fact and truth? Can I say something? Yes, I go ahead. Yeah Yeah, well my understanding Facts facts and truth the difference is Facts can change what truth remains Truths whatever is true today is true tomorrow. What certain facts can change Depending on one's perception. Thank you Great. Yeah, thanks Isaac. Yeah, Collins. You did you raise your hand as well? I also just wanted to say that A fact Can be a whole statement, but the truth can be half or a complete statement Still for instance, if I say that Jesus Christ died on the cross That one is a fact, but it's also the truth, but again, it's not the whole truth Because it is he died on the cross. It is correct. But again, he died at Golgoth. Oh, he died this time 2980 there are so many things that I can add on but The truth can be half the fact. Thank you first Okay, yeah, thanks Collins. Hey guys, give me a second. There's some interference with my internet connections Just give me a second. Let me just look into that guys. Sorry. Sorry guys. I had to change my connection Thankfully, there are two internet connections at home Right, thank you for sharing that. Yeah So facts can change as in can be one thing today But the truth remains and then we see I will say he is Jesus is the way the truth and the life Right, the fact is that the woman suffered with the issue of blood for 12 years The truth is Jesus is a healer and he heals, right? So and and that's why it's the emphasis is there on that last word that we the church is the pillar and ground of the truth Okay, and so in the north it goes on to say the local church is to be the pillar and ground of truth the upholder the standard bearer The foundation of truth in a sin sick corrupt dark and depraved world Right, we are almost called to be like a lighthouse that is shining the light and showing the truth Showing the way the leading the way kind of thing Okay, we are the upholder and the standard bearer right so when people want to know what is right and Wrong, they should look at the local church in their community as a reference point But so the question again to us is can people do that these days? It are a people able to look at the church to know what is right and wrong What do you think I can wait all 15 minutes I think I think people should look at look up to the church for truth because the church is holding the the the word of God which is The foundation the Bible so I think people should Though sometimes some choose not to but I think people should choose to to the church To fuck yeah, people should look to the church. Yeah, that's a different thing Oh, yeah, and I agree with you that people should look to the church and whatnot, but my question to us is Can people look to the church these days and For that to know what is right and wrong Can they can they still do that? Yes I do think that people Can look it's true that they can look at the church, but the church will not always give us the real truth I think the whole truth people should always get it from from the Bible because there's some churches which are funny But because you and I mean all of us are here to study about the local church and give the the real blueprint of on his charge we should be able to have churches that are Ah Preaching the real things in the Bible Preaching the real gospel as it is written in the Bible. That's my contribution faster Yeah, hey, thank you. Thank you Okay, there's I guess typo For it depends upon which church we are talking about okay, and I mean doesn't matter We're talking about gentle like, you know the gentle the overall body of Christ all over the world, okay? So the point here the reason that I ask is some of that most of the times we can get question posed to us as Christians saying What do you think about say what do you think about same-sex marriage for example, that is how a question will be framed most of the times right but then the point is what they are seeking is for our opinion in the form of an answer and You know, that's what it is, isn't it and most of the time And I've seen good people who respond to questions like that is it doesn't matter what I think But what I believe is the truth and that's the word of credit word of God, right? So and so when people want to know what is right and wrong what they are really looking for and what you should what we should know is Our Opinions is not that it's not what is important what God's word says is what is important, right? Because moving into the next section you see in John chapter 17 verse 17. It says sanctify them by your truth your word is Truth right sanctify them by your truth your word is Truth right now I'm not sure if I've mentioned this about Psalm 119 and in in the last semester or not, but please forgive me if I'm Redundant about it, but some hundred and nineteen, you know It's it's said to be a love poetry for the word of God It's love poetry for the word of God, right? So there are about 175 or 176 verses I think in some hundred and nineteen and Depending on the I mean the version of your Bible you will minus NIV and These are the words that are repeated in every single verse of that some and some hundred and nineteen you will you will find the words word ways statues laws Precepts decrees commands promise and all of these words are Appointing to God's word Right all of this so some hundred and nineteen a hundred and seventy five verses almost every verse has these words repeated and That's saying something about the word of God right time and time again some of the popular verses Some hundred and nineteen verse hundred and five that word is a lamp into my feet and a light into my path So I'm hundred and nineteen verse and nine. I think how can a young man? You know make his base pure by living according to the word of God Some hundred and nineteen verse 18 says open my eyes to the hidden things of your word That I may know your ways or your decrees and precepts right Same way. I mean if we just read that some verse after verse after verse the emphasis Of on the beyond the word of God is brought up so beautifully. And so if you haven't heard that verse Sam Don't be scared that it has so many verses, but then it's it's a beautiful beautiful Sam and I would encourage you to do that. So the church of God as a pillar of In the ground of truth, we need to be aligned and committed to the truth We need to be aligned and committed To the truth, right? So the local church is the upholder and the foundation of truth Right. We have this We Tradition not tradition, but this practice at APC is that we make a declaration every Sunday at church service You know where you know we emphasize on the importance of declaring the word of God And right so what we do is we lift up our Bibles high up in the air. We say this is God's word This is God speaking to me. I am who God says I am I can do what God says I can do I will become everything God has promised I am saved he is delivered redeemed.  There are two very different things reading the word studying the word are not the same This quick suggestion side note if you want to Just check out this book called how to read Bible for all its worth by Gordon Fee The book like that and see if you can get your hands on it It's a lovely book to still how to read the Bible, but then there are more content on how to study the Bible So it's very important for us as leaders, you know, if the local church being committed to God's word because if we as leaders compromised Right, then it's going to be difficult for the rest of the local church the body To uphold the truth once again, it starts with the leaders, right the water always flows down It has to come down. So everything flows from top. So if the top the leadership is compromised then the whole of the congregation We will be hard for them to To uphold the truth because remember that word compromise is something that kills our spirit It will absolutely destroy your Christian walk Everyday walk walk You know, and I like this.  It's okay. It's just this thing. It's okay. We it's okay You know, it's just it's just one shot or it's just You know one drag or something like that, you know, all of that is compromise, right? and it's compromise that is Absolutely dangerous for us as That attitude will kill our spirit, right? So we as leaders have to be mindful of that, right? And and studying the word reading the word and when asked to speak on current issues We should boldly and unashamedly declare what God's word has to say about these topics Right, what God's word has to say about these topics, right? Once again, so it's not your opinion It's what God's word has to say about Certain topics that you know that the popular culture has questions about the society has questions about because And time and time again, we see in the Bible that The word of God is like this the word of God is like that there are symbols that it's compared to right If for example in Hebrews chapter 4 verse 12, we see that The word of God is compared to a double the double-edged sword It's a Hebrew thing chapter 4 verse 12 and also Ephesians 4 12. I think it says his word It's like the sword the double-edged sword the Hebrew says the double-edged sword in Jeremiah chapter 23 verse 29. We see that his word is is Again drawing a symbol to fire that refines us or a hammer that breaks and convicts us right and and and I just mentioned Psalm 119 verse 105 which his word is like a light and a lamp into our feet and Matthew chapter 4 verse 4 we see that his word is like food it also Peter writes about it in first Peter chapter 1 and chapter 2 and It's like seed and James writes saying that his word is like a mirror like you know where you see and you you know you And you it draws us into correcting ourselves into changing ourselves And he goes on to say you know if a man just looks himself into the mirror and walks away without making any changes or correction What's the point of looking into a mirror? If you look into a mirror to see okay, is there anything or how you look? so James is saying that that's what God's word is like right and Efficiency 523 says it's like water that cleanses us Right and there are so many things you know like that Sam 19 verse 10 It's like his words like a honey like to our lips right so again This is all symbols and and if he just took time to just study and meditate on all of these things and let God's Word do what it does best in us We would be the church That that you know the Bible is talking about the foundation and the pillar of truth right because Remember they're talking about the blueprint The church is God's Blueprint right there's the blueprint and once you start constructing anything we mean we all know the importance of foundation Right we all know the importance of and that and the consequences and the danger of a weak foundation You know, I mean everybody in this world understands the importance of foundation But the question is how strong is the foundation? How deep is the foundation? That's the other thing right we all know the story about this the foolish man and the wise man who builds the house One builds the house upon the rock and the other builds the house upon the sand right? Since the Sunday school song the reins came down and the floods went up I Once very interesting thing is that the wise man the Doug deep Until he hit the rock one translation says I mean, it's it's it's from there. We get this phrase called rock bottom or I hit rock bottom It's not from WWE Okay, the drain the rock Johnson's rock bottom, that's not what I'm talking about It's not rock bottom when you hit from when you fall from top and hit a rock now you dig so deep Until you hit a rock That is what actually the rock bottom is like, you know, we and Once again, we all know that you know Jesus is the rock and the psalmist says in times of trouble lead me to the rock that is higher than I Right and so our foundation's got to go deep a solid in him. He is the truth once again, right? and Then in John 1 we see that he is the word and so the emphasis of us building this Relationship studying and reading God's word Is unparalleled this to say it's important is an understatement, right? so What do we do now now that we understand the importance of it what we do? How can we go about this thing? The next point is raise up people who will Who will be upholders of the truth, right? So before we come to this point guys remember before we build our congregation before we build people to be upholders of truth the importance of leaders not being compromised Leaders being deeply rooted in the word of God is crucial Right once that is said then we move to raising up people who will be upholders of the truth, right? We see the prayer that Jesus makes in John chapter 17. It's one of those Classic chapters in the Bible John chapter 17 Right says as the Lord Jesus prayed for his disciples and those of us who believed on him While acknowledging that we are not of the world and yet we are being sent into the world Right and Jesus prays sanctify them by your truth for your word is truth Okay, so the first thing is When we are raising up people They need to be sanctified by the truth. That is the word of God Not your truth not your opinions not what you think Not your suggestions or advice or not They need to be sanctified by the truth, which is the word of God We just saw Every symbol that the Bible talks about that the word of God is like the refining fire. Let it refine them Right, let it wash them. Let it cleanse them. Let it break them like the hammer Let it pierce their heart like a double-edged sword, right? All of that process is a sanctify a sanctification process, right? So first they need to be sanctified by the truth and as pastors or ministry leaders We must preach teach and proclaim the undiluted Uncompromised clear and complete word of God Okay, undiluted uncompromised a Complete word of God Not once a year not twice a year not not only on Easter or Good Friday or New Year's Eve But week after week continually Right, so the word of God will sanctify people and empower them to go into the world and yet not be part of it Okay, can I say that again? The word of God will equip them will sanctify them I will empower them to go into the world and yet not be part of it Right, so that is very important and that is how we raise people you know to To be now who will be up the upholders of the truth So to say right and as pastors we must and ministry leaders we must make sure that our preaching and Teaching inspires empowers and equips equip God's people to uphold the truth in the world in one of the earlier chapters I'm not sure if you remember We spoke very briefly about the importance of preaching the word of God from the pulpit The pulpit ministry, right? It's a place where God's given to minister to people and we cannot take it lightly We cannot take that opportunity or that privilege So lightly we have to look at it as an opportunity To touch people's lives and to release the word of God that will change them forever right, so That's the importance of it So raising up people who will be upholders of truth let the word of God do its work And next we see that be aware of compromise right be aware of compromise John 17 16 says they are not of the world just as I am not of the world right and Once again, you know, I mentioned ice One of the things that God tells the people of Israel When he brings them out of Egypt is a be careful Not to partake or you know to be Conformed to the ways of the the canonites Don't bow down to the gods that they worship, you know Don't be conformed to the culture to their ways or their sinful ways What do they do exactly what God told them not to do? right and God was very clear when you read the book of judges at least from the chapter 1 and chapter 2 We see that when God told them to drive out every nation of that land in the can in the land of canon They did not follow the command a hundred percent. They let a couple of tribes to just be in their land So the same people that they allowed to be in their lands which God told them to drive out Later began to oppress them. Okay Now this things like compromise again, it's I'm the reason I want to dwell on this for another minute is It's not just the congregation or the people that that compromise or that kind of struggle with this as pastors as ministry leaders The challenges are real for us as well Right for us to just have our eyes fixed on Jesus and not to compromise with the things of the world So that our spirits are not killed is very crucial and he goes on to say Matthew 5 verse 13 Right, you are the salt of the earth and if the salt loses its flavor How shall it be seasoned if the salt is compromised? It's a very military word, isn't it this facility has been compromised You know, we've been compromised. That means there's been an invasion You know, this computer is compromised. That means a virus is you know, has been a hacker has hacked A system and whatnot so that this so if we are compromised that means something of The world is now in and so that is how we lose our influence That is how salt loses its saltiness You are the salt of the earth Jesus is saying Right, but if salt loses its flavor, how shall it be sees if we lose if we compromise if we lose our influence What's going to happen to us? Right, so the note says as pastors and leaders we will face pressures to be soft Nice and not be too force and not too forceful in stating the truths of God's word Especially when it comes to areas where people do not want us to rock the boat or stir the pot so to speak We must be aware of compromise We are not off this world and we cannot give up the truth to adjust with this world Okay, that's very important line there. We are not off this world and we cannot Give up on the truth To adjust with this world We cannot change the truth or the word of God just because some people in the congregation might get offended of that or the world Oh, this is what this is. I'm offended by it well It's true. There's nothing I can do about it. That's what God says. That's what his word says That's what I'm saying. I stand by it It's what it is It's one of it's like one of those mafia movies that says it is what it is right, they say Be aware of compromise guys. Um, it's crucial and uh Provide biblical response to current issues. Um first Corinthians 148 says for if the trumpet makes a certain Makes an uncertain sound Who will prepare for battle? My people want to know what God's word has to say about critical issues they face today Okay, people are searching for the truth. Um Most of the time they know that some of them don't know that they are searching for the truth But it's what it is The point is that they are searching and we must apply God's truth to today's problem We must provide answers from God's word for today's challenges because his word Will always be relevant. Um the question the classic question that is out there today is is God's word still relevant today Is is the bible still relevant in this day and age? That is the question if uh, you know, I surprise you or not but then Definitely is isn't it and it all comes down to us as leaders Uh, if we if we can uh, you know train ourselves teach ourselves to give provide biblical responses to current issues Right. Um, just so some of the practical ways the local church can implement this um, it's coming down to page 71 the notes is Ensure that the preaching and teaching from the pulpit is sound strong and uncompromising Address real life issues of problems and challenges with the word of God Speak the truth in love Empower and encourage believers to live by the truth out there in the world where it really matters Encourage believers to engage society in meaningful ways to present God's truth in the world and encourage believers to take up opportunities to bring kingdom values and kingdom perspectives into the public places and forums Right encouraging people that I think the last point is this crucial which kind of resonates for the rest of the points is uh, you know often Most very often we use these words uh full time. I mean full time ministry Uh, it simply means that you can touch the world and impact and influence the world around you Only if you're a full time in ministry full time pastor full time evangelist full time apostle missionary whatnot, but then Uh, wherever God has placed you now you are the salt of the earth And you are called and commissioned To impact and influence the world around you Wherever it is whatever the office that God has placed you in college schools government offices Whatever it is We are commissioned to bring kingdom values and kingdom perspective into public places and forums Right classic examples are joseph uh from the bible and daniel uh from the bible right so they were all placed in Political places that was their position And how they brought in kingdom values and kingdom perspectives into the places where they were part of Is so many things that we can learn of and that's what we are encouraged uh to do And some of the challenges uh for us as leaders to be prepared for Is a complex issues may arise that will require some serious study Here you see those words Serious study of god's word and hearing from heaven to accurately communicate god's word Example corruption homosexuality various scenarios of divorce Athanasia abortion universal salvation and so on i mean the list can go on These are just some of the examples right so And some of the popular i mean i'm just coming out of leading uh youth ministry and the classic question is From not all of them for most of them if not some of them is You know why should i believe in a god does god exist uh the Um, you know, how can i believe in the credibility of the word of god or the authenticity of the word of god? How do i know that the bible is the word of god? Uh, that's just one question the challenge is a challenging questions that you can be prepared for right that's a very apologetic kind of question is apologetic kind of question And questions on homosexuality and whatnot so as leaders we take time To just okay, you know Understand these are some of the tough challenging questions that the people around us are actually asking And so uh as a pastor as a ministry leader It is it comes down to our uh, uh our responsibility to make time to study about it from god's word and how we can respond To it right there's material and content also available online, but then we're coming back to god's word is what is crucial Right So those are some of the some of the challenges, uh, you know that we can be prepared for And again, it's just three points there, but then it's not exhaustive challenges can come in all different ways and forms shapes Okay, um, so that's where we're at in this chapter as the local church, which is the pillar of truth Right. Um, does anyone have any questions or thoughts that you want to share? Okay, I think everybody's cool Um, great. So we move on to the next chapter and page 72 chapter 11 The local church as an army Uh, this I think by far is one of my favorite chapters. Uh I like all the other facets of uh, The local church as we are the family of god, uh, you know, we We are the pillar of foundation of truth, but we are an army Um, it's amazing, isn't it? And this chapter of go we started about the local church as the family of god It's so nice. We're all one the other family And then all of a sudden we are an army that's like you know But But hey, it's what it is what god's word again, you know resonates and says um, right so We're often there is this analogy or the parallel or the symbol that's used quite often And at the very beginning we we saw from matthew chapter 16. Uh, verse 15 to 19, right? It says, uh You know, the gates of hell shall not prevail and the church will advance and the gates of hell Shall not prevail against us, right so There is a A military, uh, you know, kind of a thing assigned there to that local church as an army We are commanded and we learned when we started that the gates don't move The gates don't come forward or go back go to the left or go to the right, you know, it's it's stationary Uh, but it's the army that advances to the gate And so as the church of god, right? We are commanded to advance to the gates and jesus has said the gates of hell will not prevail That means the church the local church is bestowed with is bestowed with power and influence And we are commanded to advance the gates of hell, right? So there in itself the foundation is, you know, the tone is kind of set as an army of god Right and also apostle paul time and time again. Uh, he uses a lot of military imagery In his epistles in his writings Depicting believers engaged in spiritual conflict Right, uh, efficient chapter six is just an example of it, but we will go through that a little later Um, let's look at a few scriptures mentioned in the notes there. Shall we Says philippines chapter two verse 25 yet i considered it necessary To send to you ifroditus my brother fellow worker and fellow soldier But your messenger and the one who ministered to my need fellow worker fellow soldier Right, um, you can highlight it if you want to first timothy 118 It says the charge i come this charge. I commit to you son timothy According to the prophecies previously made concerning you that by them you may wage The good warfare Right and one first timothy chapter six verse 12 fight the good fight of faith Not a fight, right? Second timothy chapter two verse three and four you therefore must end your hardship as a good soldier Enduring hardships or challenges as a good soldier Um, a soldier in the battlefield. It's not a walk in the park. Isn't it like, okay? Come on. Let's go and take over that field that territory is ours. Everything is beautiful Right. Um, there's a lot of challenges a lot of hurdles Uh, and a lot of things are involved and it goes into being a soldier, right? So you see paul again writing there saying endure the hardships as a good Soldier verse four it goes on to say And no one engaged in warfare Entangles himself with the affairs of this life now. Remember guys, uh, you know Neither paul nor timothy are involved or engaged in what is known as the gorilla warfare gorilla warfare as the one that you Fight, uh, you know on the ground like the second world war all of that has happened. So, um But they're using the language the imagery of of an army of a soldier And finally we see in second timothy chapter four verse seven says I have fought The good fight I have finished the race. I have kept the faith Right and so immediately, uh, and there's so much so many more references to us At the local church as the army of god, we are, you know, we are born into the warfare kind of so to speak Right and john chapter 10 verse 10. It says a thief comes to steal kill and Destroy Right. I hope we all know that Nice.  He absolutely hates you from his very bottom of the core. So to say, right? and our enemy is real and so Like it or not, we are born into this warfare and but God is with us. We are his sons and daughters, right and we are We are in his army Right. And then we see the god's word encouraging us time and time again again from efficient six Right asking us to you know, we're on the armor of god and you know, all those language and terminologies um Right, so we go to this next section where we say a sense of spiritual militancy Is important. So we are in the middle of spiritual conflict Okay, uh, if Yeah, if you've been just been uh, you know, if you were not aware of that, well, please wake up You're in the middle of a battle um, you know You know, we are in the middle of spiritual conflict We are to be taught and trained on how to engage in spiritual battle We have to be taught and I think most of the times we kind of shy away from this topic of spiritual warfare Oh, no, that's too pentecostal right now for me. You know, I I am I'm a very soft spoken person I like, you know, I don't like speaking loud and I'm very kind and generous And whatnot but then and so we shy away from the topics like that as being taught on the and on the importance of how to engage in spiritual warfare Is a very important topic that needs to be taught in church Right a sense of spiritual militancy at a personal level uh believers need to know how to resist the devil and his schemes to overcome temptations And how to not give the devil access into their lives But we must know how to use the shield of faith to bench the fairy darts of the devil throws at us at first Peter Five eight and nine. He says be sober and vigilant What does that mean in the battle? right Be sober be vigilant. That means being a be at high alert at all times and being the right frame of mind Don't be drunk in the middle of the battle Because being drunk in alcohol or in wine is going to influence you So, you know, the alcohol is going to have influence over you That means you are not going to be in the right state of mind. You are not going to be on high alert Because there is this enemy that is lurking around. All right Admers adversary the devil walks about like a roaring lion Seeking whom he may devour Like destroy once again, right? Um And um in efficiency after six verse 12 we see for we do not wrestle against flesh and blood But against principalities against powers against the rulers of darkness of this age against spiritual hosts of wickedness in heavenly places Second Corinthians 2 11 he says lest satan should take advantage of us For we are not ignorant of his devices Right if we are ignorant if you're not on high alert if you are not vigilant if we are not sober You you've not just given the devil a loophole, but you just open the door. It's like hey You know Please welcome Have your way in my life devil I welcome the You know, and I'm giving you this gift in a golden platter Have that in way types, you know um and so it's It's important for us to be vigilant and and and sober and be alert at all times because as as again as spiritual leaders Pastors ministry leaders whatnot. It's um But the danger is more for us as well So the enemy may even attempt to strike down people in position at leadership and that's zegersakariah chapter 13 Uh, what seven talks about right? He you know, he's looking to strike the shepherd and the sheep will be scattered. So if the shepherd is strike The flock is gone Right. Um so that's Both on the in on the individual level and also as a collective as a congregation Right, for example as as a collective as a church as a body of christ Uh We've been given a mission, isn't it? A mission is to go out and win souls and make disciples Right and that involves spiritual warfare battle for souls Is a spiritual battle? Okay, if you didn't know it already now you do Okay, um, all right. I just realized that we've gone over time. Um, so we pause here and we'll take a break and We'll get back to the lesson All right guys. See you in 10


Wow, it feels amazing to be up here. How is everybody doing right now good? I know yeah, isn't this an awesome conference.  I got to get some energy. Yeah, thank you All right, so today I'm going to be talking about something that's a bit weird to talk about at a Ruby conference I mean talking about type safety and that's something that you normally don't think about when you're coding in Ruby because Ruby is dynamically typed and everything sort of happens at runtime We sort of ship it out there and see what happens when we run tests or when we run it in production Before we get started though, I'd like to introduce myself. I'm Ryan Levick. I'm itchy ankles on Twitter. Please don't ask And I wanted to tell you something I absolutely love Ruby I love it to death I work at at Wunderlist we use Ruby all over the place amongst other languages But really my first love in programming was Ruby so much so that I really want to give a shout out to this guy up here Matt's Without him without the contribution of everybody who's who's contributed to Ruby I would still be doing marketing and that would make me sad Basically this was me before Ruby right here in fact And and this was me after so so Ruby has truly truly made a difference And and why is Ruby so great? Why? Because Ruby is readable and it's expressive and it's flexible and these are all things that I don't need to tell you Because you already know that or you wouldn't be here if you didn't believe in this already You know it's not like this what we have in some other languages where we have the full the full language And then there's a little subsection. That's the good parts Ruby is sort of is the opposite of this most of it is the good parts I thought Ruby was perfect when I started out with Ruby. I thought how could there be anything better than this? This has to be the best But in fact No one is perfect not even Ruby For one thing Ruby is pretty slow, right? I mean everybody knows that Ruby is slow We have things like Rubinius to help us with this and J Ruby That's sort of a given But what else does Ruby lack and we're gonna be talking about one of one of these things that Ruby lacks Let's take a look at some examples here We have a simple a simple method that adds one to whatever we pass in here And really what this says is x has to be something that responds to the message plus, right? That's all this really says But what happens if x is nil, right? So we might do something like this and hopefully hopefully all of you are looking at this and say I would never write something like this Because this is some ugly ass code right there really really not good, but it's it's very defensive I'm gonna make sure that we don't end up with those ugly nil exceptions There's other things we can do we can go ahead and say unless x responds to plus raise some argument error and Hopefully that will catch it before we end up with those weird undefined method plus for nil class things way down the line But really what we end up doing instead of these defensive tactics is we just test the shit out of our ruby code We throw test after test after test at it Until we end up with this this code right here that I'm testing here is only three lines of ruby code And I put 244 tests on it. That's pretty crazy, right? I'm kidding. It's actually a full rails application, but But it sort of seems like that sometimes we have to just throw test after test at it until we feel somewhat okay and confident that what we've put into production works, right? We we still end up with errors though we still end up with things like this we have all these services out there Where we catch these exceptions in production and you know on Monday morning because it's Friday We don't want to deal with it and you know on Monday morning. We'll come back and we'll fix this error But until then our customers out there will be experiencing this sort of exception So how how can we fix this? How what is there out there that can prevent this from happening? If only there was an automated way to find these errors if only It's called static typing Right, and you might think Did this guy just mentioned static typing at a ruby conference? Is he insane? Don't we hate static typing like static typing is evil, right? This is the setting where you write static typing in right No, I don't work in a cubicle. This is what I wear to work I'm actually dressed up today normally I show up in a bathrobe, but This is what you where you would work if you if you use static typing and No wonder we feel like this This is probably some incorrect Java code because I don't care about Java But you can see that we have to say end and end and end and all these return statements And who wants to write this crap like shouldn't the thing just figure it out like why do I care and the answer is well Actually, there are languages out there that are not Java That do this way better We have something called type reference that helps us with this kind of thing Does anybody have any idea what language this is right here? Yes, this is Haskell and this is fully statically checked so you cannot pass anything Let's say it determine it will determine that x's and ints really it determines it's some number And it will check that before you run your code So we know that we can't end up with those nasty errors that we've done something wrong because right before we even run the code a Compiler tells us hey, you screwed up man. You you shouldn't do that And we don't have to annotate it with all these ugly end here and there blah blah blah You know the computer does that for us because we're lazy so Okay, hopefully I've at least shown you that we can have this static typing And we don't really have to pay a huge price for it in terms of annotating everything with their types But what does this actually get us what even if this is true? Why should I care? I get along great with my ducks and Ruby right? So let's take a look at an example so hopefully this isn't too much code to go through this is some Ruby And basically what it is is a method called decorate user that takes a user And then delegates off to a user decorator and when we actually call this we first find the user We decorate the user and then we you know we respond or something like that And then when we run it we end up with an error like this and the thing is if we look at where that error is happening It's happening in user decorator line 30 now the problem with that is that that is nowhere near where the problem actually Bubbles into effect if anybody notices when we look back here the real problem most you know rails developers will Spot it immediately. You'll see that fine by of course can return nil But then it gets passed into the the user decorator oops It gets passed into the user decorator goes all the way down probably gets thrown around a bunch of times And then we finally get our error and we have to go in with our debugger open up pry or something Our Ruby debugger something like that and finally you know six hours later and 13 cups of coffee We found our our error now Maybe I'm exaggerating in this particular example, but there have been times I know everyone is out here that they've searched for an error basically essentially a type error And they've spent hours doing it until they find that magical line that screwed everything up But there's a way to avoid this kind of this thing with nil where nil can nip us in the butt So this is our first example of where having sort of a statically typed Type here can help us avoid these errors and that type is the option type So I'm using sort of Scala syntax here mostly just because it's semi ish familiar to rubious But hopefully nothing should be too scary for anybody in this room I'm going to have this type called option of ent and we can have option of anything option of string or option of my type option of user option of whatever and some particular values of option of ent are Either there's some let's say five or some six or some seven or there's none and you might say well Okay, what's the difference between having five or nil here? And the difference is what we'll see in a second when we get our error Now here's the same exact code that we had before except this time. It's this is actually our Ruby code This is the code written in Scala And it's using the option type so user dot find by will actually return an option of user instead of user Or nil and what that means is when we run it We see whoa, whoa, whoa our user decorator here expects to receive a user Or an option of user and are excuse me It expects to see receive a user and you've passed in an option of user You need to basically convince the line of path in your code that this thing actually there is a user there And of course there are ways to do that that dive into the Scala syntax that we don't want to talk to but Here we can see that the problem in our code happens in our code Right where the problem arises instead of somewhere deep inside of our our user decorator class So there we can have we can basically with this type completely 100% eliminate these types of errors Undefined method whatever for no class or or no points or exceptions in Java. They don't need to exist at all There's no reason for them to there are patterns codified in types that basically allow the compiler to prevent us from making these mistakes Because you're never going to want to call name or email on nil. You just will never want to do that But wait wait wait wait Isn't this also a bit more intention revealing as well doesn't this expose our intent a bit more than what we had before Let's take this sort of method Signature here and if you're not familiar with the syntax basically this is fine It takes an ID of type int and returns a user The only problem is we have a tiny bit tiny little asterisk. Can anybody read what that says right there? It says it may return nil. Maybe we don't know it's sort of hidden off in the documentation somewhere And we have no way of enforcing this except for us to be good developers and make sure that we check for nil or You know hope that we always find the user But if we do this if we say find actually returns an option of user well, then we know okay The user could be there or it couldn't we've sort of exposed the truth to the type signature We've sort of told everybody we've documented in our code the fact that this is a possibility instead of Implicitly relying on the fact that oh, yeah, I know this could return now Let's take another example This is like a fake thing for redis fetching some some value for a key in redis and here we have the same exact thing We return a string well except you know the connection to redis like screws up But maybe it'll raise an error, but we don't see that in our documentation We don't see that in our type signature We're just relying on the fact that you know I read it sometime or you know Bob over there told me Mary told me yesterday that this is a possibility Instead we can do something like this We have the same type of method except it returns either an error or a string So we sort of exposed again the fact that this thing can raise it not raise an error But return an error or return the actual string. We've brought it up to the forefront But you might be thinking whoa Okay, this is this sounds okay I guess, but I mean isn't this what tests are for like I write tests so that when yeah Maybe I get an error when I run my test, but it won't go into production. I swear it won't But I have a question does anybody know what the best testing library ever invented was does anybody have any clue? You can pilot close But not quite there's one more that's better and Tyler uses this as it's as background testing library Puts no Puts debugging is effective sure, but it's incredibly frustrating Yep puts this and then you change it to the next line and the next line. Oh, that's really that's really frustrating No, the correct answer is actually Something that this guy used does anybody have any clue something that this woman used There we go Something that this guy used as well. Yeah, that's right. It's math math is the best testing library ever invented Why is that because math is true? If anybody in here can come up with a way of proving that math is not true then I will hand you your Nobel Prize Congratulations What's that? Yes, the undecidability Something is I would love to talk to you about that we won't get into that But it turns out that most of the time undecidability when it comes to types is not relevant These things are usually decidable So what I'd like to talk in terms of math is about something that these two gentlemen came up with It's called the curry Howard correspondence And it's something that this is mr. Curry and mr. Howard here If anybody knows of currying and functional programming or the language Haskell the guy over here on the left Gave his name to both of those things So basically what this means in layman's terms is that for all inputs a valid and correct output is given I could give a more formal definition, but we don't need that. This is Essentially correct. It's always present and cannot be forgotten just because you know We forgot in our documentation that this thing returns an option of user doesn't mean it's not there. It's there It cannot be erased Who here let's be honest be honest with me who here has erased a test before it's been failing and you erased it Yep, everybody else here who's not raising their hand is lying. I know it Or maybe I'm just a terrible programmer. I don't know so Also the compiler is far far far less likely to be buggy than your tests are of course the compiler can be buggy But you have lots of people looking at the compiler and you have you and your buddy working on your code base and that's it What's what's probably going to be more correct something that's tested in millions of code bases or Your tests that you wrote late on a Friday night and what this really lets us do is sort of Test what is important. I'm not suggesting that testing is unimportant No, no type system that we've come up with so far will make sure that you're returning The string Bob instead of the string Mary when that's the user's name. It's just you need to run tests But what you test is your business logic? That's all you test and instead of testing these incidental things this incidental complexity that you've introduced you test the things that truly matter and That's wonderful. That's mathematical and if you're wondering why I chose this picture It's because it's really disturbing and I like that so So let's look at another example. We'll look at a function called head And what head it does and Ruby usually call this first? It's taking the first thing and a list or in an array and Here we delegate to that first method in Ruby. We take a list and we call first on it and we get that item out Of course if the list is empty then we can raise an argument error because we don't want to return nil We just we want to always return the head of the list and an empty list has no head so okay, if it's empty, let's raise an argument error or You know we just learned about this awesome option type So let's get freakin fancy and we'll return my Ruby option type This is a terrible idea because Ruby is not built for this So this is just kind of confusing and not idiomatic and people will probably get be confused I've tried to do this before and I just erased my entire code base because it's not it's not pretty in Ruby So let's look at an example of a language that does support something like this That really brings these ideas to the forefront has anybody here heard of Idris before Do we have any Haskell programmers in the room any at all? Oh Very very few. All right So this is the new sauce for Haskell programmers. They've sort of moved on so if you thought Haskell was Was the crazy stuff. This is what Haskell programmers think is the crazy stuff We're going to be looking at this this is the head function and Idris And we're going to we're going to dissect it piece by piece because obviously if you've never done functional programming before or you've never Looked at Idris. This could be a slightly confusing, right? So we'll just go one section at a time We have our function called head here. That's all this is saying this colon right here Just means everything after this until the new line is a type signature. That's all this is saying and Here we have our arguments for our function now Let me break this up into the three parts that it is one VEC that means it's a vector So it's a basically an array of variable length The second part of it the s of n is basically saying this vector cannot be empty If you don't understand why that says that it doesn't matter because that's not important for this talk But trust me this says this vector cannot be empty I am encoding it in the type system and then the a says that this vector is filled with things of type a whatever that type is int string bool my type whatever user who cares and Then the next part says we will return something of that type a So if the vector was full of strings, we will return a string if the vectors full of ints we will return an int The next line we have the implementation of that so again We say this is our implementation for head And then we sort of do something that rubies are somewhat familiar It's pattern matching and destructuring based on that pattern match So we know that we have one argument here And what this says is I'm going to break that list that vector rather and to a head and then rest or tail So I will have the head of the list cons on to or prepended to the tail of that vector It's sort of like oops It's sort of like this and Ruby where we we break up the array and we get x and y out of it by by Destructuring that argument and then we return that head. So we have effectively gotten the head of the list So why is this so cool?  We got errors in Ruby as well. This happens at compile time. So this code will not even run It's not even actually being run with real values in it. It's saying this is not a valid program This breaks my type Just like you can't call In Java you cannot pass in a Boolean where you said you pass in an int This will not allow you to pass an empty list when you when you've said that you will pass in a list with things in it So that means that we can basically with this eliminate all runtime errors There's no need to have a runtime error because all incorrect programs all programs that will throw an error We'll go ahead and be caught at compile time Has anybody ever seen this guy before Michael Bernstein? He's an awesome super awesome Rubyist that everybody should watch his talks on YouTube and He's a personal hero of mine even though we've never met And he is really into this kind of stuff He's a rubious, but he likes type systems and it actually has gotten quite deep into them he works for code climate and At code hit one day he decided well, what if we bring these ideas to ruby? What would happen? So he built something where you basically annotate your your methods and ruby with type signatures So this says do not even like run be able to run my ruby code unless I can prove that this is the type of this function and There's also other dynamic languages like Erlang that have sort of a similar idea and Erlang you have something called the dialyzer Which basically statically checks your dynamic Erlang code You can annotate your types and say this is what this function accepts and if it doesn't then it will just won't run It will never run But I gotta ask is this what we want like doesn't this defeat the purpose of ruby Ruby is dynamic and that's that's great. That's why we love ruby. Huzzah ruby is awesome But There's one thing Ruby is a tool. That's all it is You are not married to ruby Ruby is not the end-all and be-all it is not the the end solution to every problem that you will have No, no that when you when you choose ruby You are giving up the power that we have just seen here You will never have this in ruby and if that's okay for your domain and your problem then great But maybe it's not maybe you need that reliability There's a really great book called Zen in the art of the motorcycle maintenance that me and my my colleague Chad Fowler I've talked about quite a bit. There's an idea in that book called value rigidity Where you basically Become so in love with a concept that you can't even critique it and that's my fear for the ruby community Ruby is amazing and we all know that but that doesn't mean it's not flawed That doesn't mean that we can't look at ruby and critique it for what it is So don't be afraid to ask yourself when you're starting a new project Is ruby the best tool for this job because the answer may be no and that's okay We should know what we're giving up when we make these choices We should know that we've made a choice in the first place and the choice isn't given to us by the fact that we're in love with ruby Thank you What kind of practical problems have you come up with a wonder list where you thought okay? We can't use ruby here for for type problems, I mean at my day jobs It really normally comes down to performance above anything that's due to our architecture We write very small code bases where if we were to write it we wouldn't necessarily need to have something that's completely Type safe because the code is so extremely small that we can essentially get by without that But there are definitely places outside of that like When you're writing a compiler itself or you're writing a web server where these ideas really do come into to Play because you want a system that you can change and know that you don't have to have Written good tests to make sure that it works. You can rely on something. That's mathematically sound in order to ensure that it's correct Other than that there are just a lot of languages that are have these things and they're a lot of fun to play with like Haskell For instance, which we do use Any more questions I'd be happy to talk about this at any time. I'm obsessed with this stuff. So I will come find you if you don't ask me a question Let's give it a really warm hand


Oh, maybe how I have felt in my life that anywhere I am I can speak my peace, which is true. I can go in anywhere, but now I'm finding that maybe I should be thinking a little bit or listening a little bit or something, you know, about... Just questioning that concept that I have a right, and that's the way I am to be able to speak my words wherever I go. Right. That's that thing too of authority and feeling powerless is the way there's a section later in the course where he talks about the leader and the follower. That he said, you keep escalating back and forth between the leader and the follower role. Sometimes you want the leader role where you take it and you feel in control on top of things. I mean, there seems to be, through the ego lens, something good in that. But that's good. That's good self-esteem. I just read an article on the most important attribute that children should be learning now in college students' leadership roles. That's going to be at leadership. And for every leader there has to be a follower. And how does it feel to be a follower? Passive. Some of those things you were coming up with, sometimes like I've been had, I've been taken advantage of, I've been unfairly treated. Where Jesus says, yes, because of some situations where you want to give the leadership role away and you want to take the follower role. Like you can think of in husband-wife relationships or whatever where it's like, oh honey, you do it. You can do this so much better than me. I don't even want to bother with it. You know, I don't even want to think about it. You do it. You make the decisions and just let me know. What am I doing right now with money? And that would be like in a particular role. Then there's other situations where it's like wanting to reclaim. It's like, wait a minute, you know, not with everything. You do this well, you do this and that. But it's like escalating back and forth.  Walk beside me and hold my hand and be my friend. I mean, when I've read that poem the first time I went, what a wonderful symbol of walking side by side, arm in arm, equal. There's an ease to that. And to me that's what we're training our minds to do. That both of those extremes are not our ego extremes, both of them are. And the only way that I can come to, so to speak, the middle ground, which is neither, would be to humbly ask and be willing to keep asking and asking and surrendering my own sense of a personal will to God or a higher power, Holy Spirit or whatever. You talked about having that feeling of authority. And my thought was, yes, there is authority, there's power, there's magnitude, but that doesn't come from the little I. Who thinks it's a big I? What do you mean? When I think of power and authority and all the things that you just said, I'm thinking about it still in terms of the ego taking control. I think it's a big I. Don't think of it as a little I, okay? But there's a whole, that's where the self-concept comes in. Obviously I have a self-concept that's either a weakling or a powerful person. I have vacillated through those and what I'm trying to understand here is there's another place that I need to get to and that is that Jesus is beside me or the Christ or whatever and that I need to surrender to that voice I haven't surrendered yet. To me, the surrender is that visualization of being on the floor and letting you guys drag me.  It's the two ends again. And I need to really come to that place where I'm listening. And maybe that's... Kind of like two things is I don't want to go, you have to drag me or I'll show you where we're going. Going on in my mind. The conflict is crying. I'm too weak. I want to hug you. I love you. Or stop the sniveling stuff, Mary. Get off and you can do it.  I got to go out and find a job. What am I doing here? And there's power in that statement. So-called. Well, I'm just saying that's what's going on in my head right now. In other words, I've gone to all these seminars on powerful women and all this stuff and it's either that or the little. It's either I'm vacillating in between. Neither one of them is the right mind. That's what I'm realizing. Neither one's the right mind. And I feel that when I do surrender. But I, you know, that's where my conflict is coming.  I read this handbook. I'm not weak at all. I don't need this, you know. Or I need this so bad I can't survive and you just take me because I can't study it anymore. It's not a feeling of this has come into my life and I need to be quiet and listen to where this is going to direct me. And that's where I need to be focusing a little bit more I think. I guess I'm just having a thought that even your hesitancy to call when you're in the midst of upset, even when it seems to escalate and compound and continue seems like it's on that extreme end of, you know, I've just got to take charge of my life here. And I don't need anybody. And I would think, I'm feeling weak because I need him for me to be able to study this. I need to be doing something productive. And if I'm not doing something productive, then he, whatever you said about the gas station guy is where I'm feeling. I'm had, he's got power over me, he dominates me. I have no power as long as all I'm doing is going around reading the course and he's spending all the money for me to be able to do this. So I don't need him, I don't need you, I don't, what do I need? You know, you don't have any power as long as you're in the wrong mind. That's when I don't have power, that's when I'm in the wrong mind. I'm powerful when I'm in the right mind. Has nothing to do with any of the other things. Yes, it's a whole redefinition. It's a whole redefinition of power. I think the thing about it too is Mary, you know, you are beginning to look right into the teeth of specialists. If we, if it was like Jaws, you've been a good swimmer and done all kinds of things around and around.  And, you know, it's like, and you also sense too that the only way that you ever come to peace is by looking right at that, right down the, facing fear right down, looking at it and everything. It seems, I mean, how many situations, I mean, we could use some, Beverly and I have talked about this over and over. In fact, on that coming to true relationship, I think that's the thing we go into is, first of all, it seemed to be, I'm a child and I'm dependent on my parents. Ooh, I have to do, and then I start to come to adolescence and it's like, get some room, get, you know what I'm saying, get away from me, give me some space. I want some autonomy. I'm tired of taking orders and all this and that. There's a real sense of dependency. And then a lot of times it just gets jumped over, transferred seemingly to another form because the mind still believes in dependency. So now it's more dependent on teachers at school or in religious institutions. The poverty chest of the obedience, we've talked about that, obedience to what? The obedience to the superior, that's what obedience to. There's a tight ship and you, when they say do something, you do it because that's the way the institution is.  You don't have to be tightened by your parents or your institutions and this and that. You can be an entrepreneur. Get out there. Don't work for anybody else.  Make those decisions. You know, you can be independent, financially secure. And we've gone into this whole discussion because a lot of the upsets in more recent times that have come up for Beverly have been what we call it, I call it the independent woman. It seemed to be good. Instead of the domesticated, sniveling servant woman who had no power, whether it was in a relationship or financially or in society or whatever to independent woman, that seems to be a good message. That seems to be, yay, feminism. Yay, go, go, go. That's the ego of the ego. And it's like falling into the ego's trap on the other side because it's still, the independent woman is still a construct of personhood. Independent woman is not spirit. The independent woman is a woman who can take charge, who has power, who's not enslaved by all these other factors and forces and everything. You know, as it's come up and we've gone into it more and more, it's starting to trace it down even deeper to see that as long as I even value that concept of myself, which is where you could get into things about speaking my mind. An independent woman doesn't care if there's men and women or children around. If she's got something on her mind, she lets it fly and let the chips fall where they may. You know, you could see that can be part of a concept in there. And that's going to hurt because it's still a denial of my capital self. My true power is my power of mind, which is not part of this world or is not in personhood.  That's what we've been able to get in contact with. An independent woman is not in the follower category. She is a leader. She is out front. So what I notice is I go through all these feelings and then I say, Holy Spirit, I'm willing to surrender, but I don't know how. And then I start feeling really helpless and vulnerable and scared. There's something about that, because it certainly isn't surrendering to my power. It feels like surrendering to the ego is what it feels like. When you're feeling powerless. When I'm saying to the Holy Spirit, I know that what I really want to do is surrender to you and come into my sense of oneness and power. But in the process of doing that, it feels like surrendering to the ego and being on nobody. Especially if I've got a lot of feelings going on about a grudge attendant. This whole thing of surrendering to the Holy Spirit, we have to really start to get clear what we mean by it. And if there's, like Mary was saying, if I still value the past or the goals of the past or whatever, then it starts to make a little bit of a meaning to why I would be so afraid of this light in my mind for the Holy Spirit's purpose, because it seems to be a loss or a sacrifice to give my mind over to the Holy Spirit. It's kind of like Jesus says, it's like you believe you've kind of ripped off a part of heaven. You've pulled away a part of heaven, and now you've made your own kingdom. And the Holy Spirit is saying, give it back. You're saying, give it back. I don't believe you anyway, but you're not even here. Right, that's right. I see everything else. I have these times. We don't believe that you're here. I want it back. You can't have it. And that's what it's perceived as. In the sense that we have to come to a point where we joyously, voluntarily give over this split-off, fragmented part of our mind and give it back in the sense that it can be shown for the nothingness that it is. So the deceived mind is saying, no, stop.  And the Holy Spirit is simply saying, my child.


A straight-notch Kogi state where the abductors of the chairman of Yagba, West local government area, Pius Kolaouli, have demanded a ransom of 100 million Naira. Kolaouli and some others were kidnapped on Saturday and his way from Elori to his hometown of Egben, the border town between Kogi and Quarra state. He was said to be in the company of the state commissioner for pension board Honorable Adebayo Solomon who was shot dead by the gunman. The abductors contacted one of the family members of the chairman on Sunday night to demand the ransom. Hello hope you enjoyed the news please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates


What's going on everybody? This is Giovanni from spyoptions trading here with an update on this Sunday September 16th. Unfortunately I wasn't able to trade Thursday and unfortunately I will have to work all day Monday and Tuesday and I won't be able to trade until Wednesday so I won't be able to actually show live my trade. If I do place a trade I'll keep an eye on it here at my office. I do have fingerswim I am set up for trading here but I typically don't like to because the phone can ring at any minute but I just want to give you that update and also just a couple of things what's you know what's on my mind. I don't like the idea of doing any like trade recaps. A lot of these YouTube channels they have trade recaps they don't actually show you when they actually place the trades. They only show you the aftermath right behind sight and so easy to manipulate those videos and whatnot so and the main reason why I don't do recaps is it just doesn't show doesn't give you enough credibility guys. Don't do any recaps and actually record your actual trades at the very least you know it can it can show everybody why you're getting in why you're getting out whether it's a good trade or bad trade. I just I like that idea guys and I hope that you can appreciate that all my viewers my subscribers can appreciate the fact that I don't do trade recaps. What am I trying to do here guys that's a question that I've been trying to that I ask myself each and every day what am I trying to do here with my trading with my YouTube channel channel and whatnot. If I can find a consistent strategy that will give me a consistent 10% return that's all I need I'm trading with a couple thousand dollars not very much but if I can find the consistent strategy that flow all I have to do is upscale my trades scale up my trades I don't know what the right terminology is but if I can make a trade with $2,000 and make 10% 200 bucks I can do that with over $20,000 and make $2,000 a day per trade whatever and I don't have to trade every day I'm trying to figure out what the best strategy the best setups are where I don't have to trade each and every day I'm not forcing myself to trade every day so bear with me guys that is where I want to be I want to be able to trade every day and have be a full-time day trader that's what I'm trying to do here where I can trade anywhere around the world with a simple internet connection and travel the world with my son and give my son and I a better life so I don't have to be stuck in this office chain to this desk here the chain to this office phone but that is what I'm trying to do here guys I'm not trying to swing for the fences everybody so that's like the whole thing that that's what sets my trading style a strategy apart from everybody is all I have to make is 10% share trading small amounts right now you know I'm still testing water so to speak trying to figure out my strategy I have a lot to do I have a lot to work on so bear with me on that but that's all I need is 10% where I can dump 20 30 40 50 thousand dollars and make five to 10% make that five grand per day that is where I'm heading that's where my head is with this strategy I want to become the most objective trader there is trading in itself is very subjective very subjective you can tell my trading videos that's still I jump in when things aren't exactly to you know my liking or not everything's lined up and I'm trying to become a better objective trader and that's a heck of a task to to go after but thank you so much everybody if this is your first time viewing my video or first time to my channel don't forget to hit that subscribe button also while you're at it hit that bell notifications to get notified the moment that I upload a video everybody have a safe weekend and I hope everybody gets in a profitable trade Monday and Tuesday I'll be back trading on Wednesday everybody thank you so much for watching


Thirty years ago was a low point in my life. I was in the last semester as an economics major in college, and I was passing all of my classes, and then it hit me that I'm going to graduate, which means I'm going to have to leave college. And that realization was painful because I'm having such a good time at college in learning economics from some pretty good faculty, not Austrians, but pretty good. But to make matters worse, of course, the economy had experienced ten years of stagflation, two years of depression with unemployment above 10%, interest rates at 20%, and there were absolutely no jobs available in the American economy. So this was a problem because I had a pile of student debt and no job to pay for it. So I started thinking about that and looking for options. And it turned out that my best available option was to go to a graduate program in economics in Alabama. And of course all my friends thought I was nuts to select that option. But I did, and I decided, well, I'll double down on the government student loans, go down there and learn some economics. And it was an Austrian-friendly faculty at the time. And so I did it. And things didn't turn out the way I'd planned. The faculty really wasn't all that friendly towards Austrian economics. One of my professors told me the first day I was there that there really wasn't anything like an Austrian school of economics, that there were very few Austrian economists left in the world, most of them that were older, none of them were teaching at a PhD-granting institution. So the Austrian school was just something in history, something in encyclopedias, but it wasn't really an ongoing school of economic thought. And another one of my professors, who was an eminent scholar type of an economist, very well respected macroeconomist, told me after I said that I was interested in Austrian economics, he told me that the Austrian theory of the business cycle, which was really what I was pumped up on at the time, was a grisly embarrassment. So that was not another good thing to learn. Another discouraging thing to learn, besides having to learn a lot of neoclassical economics at the same time. So as the year wore on, I got more and more despondent about my choice to go to Alabama to get a master's degree. It was a master's degree-only program in economics at Auburn University. And towards the end of the semester, one of my professors pulled me into his office and he said, Auburn is getting a PhD program in economics. And I was like, really? And he said, yes. He said, and you have been accepted into the program. And I was surprised at that too. And he said, a guy named Lou Rockwell is moving the Ludwig von Mises Institute to Auburn University. And I said, no way. And he said that, that Lou was going to publish journals and books and he was going to have conferences and he was going to bring all of the leading Austrian scholars to Auburn to give talks. I said, you're pulling my leg. He said, no. And he said, they're going to give you a fellowship to pay for your education. And I was like, no way. So it was like all downhill for most of my life and then that one day, everything turned around. And everything has been much greater than I could have possibly imagined. The Institute did fund me through my graduate school, through writing a dissertation. I've worked with them in many different respects. I was the editor of the Austrian economics newsletter, an editor for the free market newsletter. I published in the quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, the Review of Austrian Economics, the Journal of Libertarian Studies and a lot of other things including publishing a few books with the Institute itself. So these are things that I could have never imagined ever happening in my life. I never could have imagined being put into this position and now I work full time at the Institute as a senior fellow. So it's really above and beyond any expectations I could have possibly dreamed up as a college student. And I want to thank everyone here and everybody who's supported the Institute over the last 30 years. And of course, most particularly, Mr. Lou Rockwell, who made all that possible.


What's up everybody, Jason here for jazby's case breaks calm We just filled this up late night created it boom done 2019 20 panini obsidian basketball picker team 12 box case break random number block for the hornets bulls calves teawills and the wizards So the way this works guys is like any other random number block Just the unnumbered cards will be randomized in one lot at the end of the break to these customers in this break alone For these teams in the list so again every spot we get a random number for the break zero through nine As an example if you get number three you will get all the teams with three being the first number next to the dash on the Left side of the dash so for example if the card that hits comes out 243 out of 299 for one of these teams above That'll be number three blocks hit 13 out of 99 3 out of 25 43 out of 49, etc That'll go to number three block. I just remember all redemptions for these teams above will go to spot zero Even if we know it's a one-of-one in the checklist It'll still go to spot zero and then again any non-numbered cards will be randomized to the group So again only for these teams so good luck. Let's roll the dice and we got ourselves a one and a two for three times one two and three TJ Down to uh, Tavia aren't be list three times three times boom one two three Boom three three Zero down to seven so TJ looks like he's gonna get spot number one Any redemptions for these teams of yours Adam you're gonna get to take on with four Steven You have one any one-of-ones for these teams will be yours John Paul you got eight and three Steven what's last ball module five Oliver you have nine Steven with six and Tavia I'm with seven so there you go guys This is just a randomizing video in a separate video coming up next guys is the break itself Jaspies case breaks