The makers of Wrigley's Spearman Chewing Gum invite you to enjoy life. Life with Luigi, a comedy show created by Psi Howard and starring that celebrated actor, Mr. J. Carol Lash with Alan Reed as the swallow. Friends, as you know, Wrigley's Spearman Chewing Gum is giving daily enjoyment to millions of people all over America. In offices and factories, on farms and branches, in mines and oil fields, folks find that chewing Wrigley's Spearman helps them feel better and work better. The makers of Wrigley's Spearman Gum are glad that their product is proving helpful and enjoyable to so many people, and they're glad too that they're able to bring you life with Luigi, because they know it's the kind of radio program that millions of Americans enjoy. And now let's read Luigi's letter as he writes about his adventures in America to his mama-basco image. Mommy. There's one thing about the American, whatever he's a do, he's a do fast.  And then he's a find out he's got a nothing to do for the next five hours. That's the truth, Mommy. Americans, they don't like to waste time on anything. Over here, the biggest thing is a quick service.  And the last week, I read about a cemetery where cats have got a special price and they're cheaper so people should hurry up. But this is so different for me. I remember a little town in Castellamara. Everything is a go slow. When I'm always a milk of the cow in the morning, I must sit down first and talk to her. I must ask her how she's a feeler if she's slept a good night there. And a while I'm a talker and I must sneak out the two quarts of milk. In America, in America it's all together different. Electricity. Comes at four o'clock in the morning, the farmers wake up with a cow and he's a plugger in the wall. In a ten minute, she's a push out twenty quarts of milk and the cow has got the rest of the day off. That's a big business. Well, maybe, maybe I'm going to change it to American awareness. Who? Who knows? Excuse me, I'm just coming in now to come to the money for a squally.  Luigi, my friend! Hello, Luigi, hello, hello. Hello, Viscali. Well, how's the business, a little banana nose? Well, that's the funny you should ask, if I squali, I'm just thinking about that. Would it be nice if I had a big business and I go to the bank every week? Go to the bank? What for? To fill up your fastened pen? Well, I don't have to. What business am I to some of that? From a wife, selling old antiques? Viscali, you really think antiques is about the business? No, antiques is a wonderful business if you happen to be a termite. Yeah, but if I squali... Look, Luigi, it's not so much the business you win that it counts. It's the business of brains you've got and that's not something you can learn. If you're lucky, you're born with a brain. You get it from your parents. That's what they call heresy. Yeah, but if I squali, I'm not a good business man. That's why you need an accountant. Uh, Conan, what's your business? That's the fellow juggles around with your assets. You know, libelities and stuff like that.  I couldn't see that. Oh yes, someday I might get so big I'm going to open up another restaurant in New York, best for spot too. So where does it at to I squali? It's the business of section. On the corner of Don and the Bradstreet. There you are, going to invest in my money. Are you out of?  You should have kept some of your brackets, huh? No, no, you're bold. I should have invested in a cash. In a cash? You wouldn't understand. Tell the truth, I don't even understand the my accountant. You know, they smart fell it. They went to high school. Well, let's go back to what you said about the plans. Ah, you see, you paid attention. Well, you see, I've got this antique story of yours for a long time. Well, if I sell it, I can get what they call a capital gain. No money, just a capital gain? No, it's some money, but I can keep them all at taxaways. Anyway, my accountant advises I should have sell it. Yeah, but you're, you're often as a face. Have a squally. Have a squally.  Now it's my time to laugh. Yeah, but even if you sell it, I'm not going to have to move out, huh? I'm going to lease it. Lease it. Ha, ha, ha. What's the meaning to this? Ha, ha, ha. I will read it as a small print to Luigi. Well, what for? When I'm a first to sign a lease, after I'm a come off of the boat from Italy, you told me a smaller printer was a decoration of an appendix. Besides, a printer was a too small to read. That's all right. You've got to warn them to scourage, Elysees. The printers are so small, you'll get the scourage from reading them. Well, get a magnify and a glass of lily cabbage. You post them and look at it for now. All right. Mamma mia, where am I putting it? Oh, yes, yes, in a cash register. Ah, here, Elysees. Mamma mia, I'm ready to find a print. All I must see is a dot. That's it. Here, give me a raise. If the property is ever sold, the lease is automatically cancelled. Good, huh? Ha, ha, ha. My counter to put that in. Yeah, but first of all, you can't do this. You can't do this. Don't get excited, Luigi. Calm down. Relax. Maybe the new landlord is going to decide to let you stay. You already got a new landlord? Hey, that's right. And this party, I know, only likes their relatives through one of their stores. Maybe you can become this new landlord's relative. But, well, tell me, who's your new landlord? You'll find out. So happens that the new landlord is waiting outside. Oh, landlord! Landlord! Landlord! My little FHA. Rosa, say hello to your tenant. Luigi, I like you should have met your new landlord. Hello, landlord. But, well, there's a kind of bit of new landlord. Well, it is. And stop a gripe between us so much. You see, my building was in a corporation. At taxaways, if I'm a seller, Rosa, the building is still in a family. She's in a new corporation. Rosa's in a new corporation? That's right. She's a little more like a general of mortage. Luigi, don't talk like that to your landlord.  Luigi, I'm just a follower of advice of my accountant, Rosa's of my capital again. Well, me, if your capital is again, now the answer is she's going to bust it. One more wise quack. You'll be looking into the other side of the window, Luigi. I'm going to be your best tenant. Tomorrow is the February 28th. I'm not going to pay you the rent. Luigi's a no-go to with the rent. Rosa's the rent in this store only to a relative. I write to her from now on, Rosa. I'm your cousin. Nothing at all. And the only kind of relative that she likes is a husband. Rosa, you mean I'm going to marry you just to keep it a story? I'm sorry, Luigi, but business is business. You can't do this. I'm not going to go to my natural class right from now on to find out the something from them. But they're going to figure it out.  Leave with me. All right, class. Quiet, please. That's all the role. Mr. Basco. Here. Mr. Howard. Here. Mr. Olson. Mr. Schultz. I'm here. No, no, Mr. Schultz. Watch your diction. In a declarative sentence, you shouldn't raise your voice at the end. The rather than do, I raise my voice in the middle. That'll be enough. Now, let's get on with our lesson. Now, class, I assigned you the chapter on birds in your grammar books. Let's see how well you studied. Mr. Howard, will you tell us what is a verb? With pleasure. A verb shows action. Good. Give us an example. Mary skipped, jumped, ran, and swam all day. Fine. Mr. Schultz, pick out a verb in that sentence. Mary. What? Does Mary show action? I don't know, but if I did what she did, I would be pooped. Don't give up so easily, Mr. Schultz. We found out that a verb is a word that shows action. Now, think, what did Mary do all day? Responding.  Responding. Now, Mr. Rosen, Mr. Baskow. Mr. Baskow, will you tell us what word shows action? Russia. What? Why does Rosa show action? Because she's going to throw me out of my store. Mr. Baskow, are you trying to be funny? No, no, Mr. Baskow, I'm going to try to be funny, because all I mix up is so hard, it's hard to explain. But if Pasquale is a celeros, is a capitalist, she should again, I'm going to move, because at least she's going to make a Pasquale so rich he's going to move to Bradstreet and I'm done. P.G., are you for shimmers? Mr. Baskow is, as you say, and Mr. Pasquale is evicting you from your store. I think it might be a good thing, finally. He's always taking advantage of you anyway. Why don't you find another store? Mr. Luigi, you think Pasquale's got the only store in town? This is a free counter. You can get down the store you want. You'll have a young pinion and he shows some spunk. Don't you be afraid of Pasquale. Remember, you are a man and you are healthy and strong. He talks like my draft board. We gave you the answer, Luigi.  A real estate agent, huh? Mr. Baskow, I think that's very sensible advice. Take it. I can give you the name of a very reputable gentleman, Luigi. He'll find you a new store in a year. Oh, friends, thank you for your help and advice. I'm not going to ship Pasquale right after school and tell him he's going to keep his store. Then I'm going to tell him I'm not going to find another store and this is a free country. Then I'm going to say that... No, Luigi, you're not.  Hello, Pasquale. I'm the one who's talking to you. Sure, sure, little Cabbage Puss. Sit down and we'll make a plan about the wedding, eh? Is there going to be no wedding? Oh, you're going to loathe. It's a nice, Luigi. Tonight, when I'm not looking, you'll put up a ladder against the roses of the wind to climb up and when you come down, I promise you the whole neighborhood is going to be there to congratulate you. If I'm ever carried on, sit down a ladder. The whole neighborhood will better be there to pick me up. Luigi, I don't like this kind of jokes. Remember what your new landlady has told you? Marriage or else? Pasquale, I'm attacking the or else. My friends are advising me I'm sure to find new stores, so I'm going to really start the agent tomorrow. Oh, so you're mixing your friends in, eh? Now the little chicken is a fly in the coop. Ah! You just have filled out your own debt to certificate it. I'll show you who's a who's and what's a what's. Hello. Hello, Mr. Lane. Listen, I just sold the antique shop like he was a talking. I want you to right away draw up a paper so the new landlord can serve eviction and notices unattainable to Luigi Basco. He should have been thrown out the right of way. Huh? Pasquale, aren't you going to wait in a chair? Wait or not, then I'm a true waiter. No, Luigi? You're going to start moving your crummy antiques out right now. How about a pleasure, Pasquale? Luigi, you only got two choices. That's all? Yes.  And alike with Luigi, here's a suggestion that'll add enjoyment to your daily work. No matter what kind of work you do, there are times when the pressure gets heavy and you feel the strain and tension. Well, millions of people have found that chewing gum is real health at times like that. You see, chewing on a smooth piece of Wrigley's spearmint gum helps relieve that feeling of pent-up tension. It gives you comfort and satisfaction that just naturally helps you feel better and work better. Besides, Wrigley's spearmint gum has a lively, delicious, real spearmint flavor that makes the chewing extra satisfying. So to make your daily work more enjoyable, chew helpful, refreshing Wrigley's spearmint gum. Keep some handy all the time. Two of Luigi Vasco's letter to his mother-in-law. Well, the mama-ma-ma, I'm no one to marry rosa, so right away I'm going to see a real estate agent. And if I'm a him, I'm going to see other real estate agents. The only thing I'm a found a cheap was a place for $15 a month. Wasn't that the better? Well, who's going to buy antiques in a subway stand? So here I am in a my antique shop looking around for the last time and waiting for Pasquale to throw me out. Hello, Susie. Oh, Luigi, what's the matter? Didn't you go to see that real estate agent? Wasn't you able to find anything? Yes, I'm a went, I'm a dead, I'm a wasn't, and I'm an antagonist. Luigi, stop speaking short-hand. Tell me what happened. Well, I see you're such a talker. Pasquale has got the only store in the Chicago that's a cost of $30 a month with a free spaghetti dinners. What's the good? He's already asking you to marry his big meatball. Sorry, Luigi. I shouldn't choke at the time like this. I didn't think about going to be so bad, though. That's all right, the short-hand. No, wait, Luigi. How much money have you got? Ah, sure, sir, please. I'm too proud to take the money. But don't worry, Luigi. I'm too proud to offer. Luigi, all of you are so proud. Who says you've got to be in the antique business anyway? My heart. Your heart? Well, listen to your stomach this time. You won't take money to keep you going. You've got to eat. There's only one thing to do. Find a job. A job? Sure, lots of people have them.  How are you laughing at me? You're making a joke. You know, what do you mean? I'm trying to get a job, but what's going on? I'm going to start your company. Get up and shop it. Well, listen. I got a friend. Harry will. And then I got a friend, yeah. He's got a little gas station. He's my delicatessen. He's not having a laugh at all at that. What's the matter? You know what to do? I don't know. And he told me. Harry will, he told me yesterday that he'd help a Christian. I'm going to call up Harry right now. Yeah, yeah, but it should, it should, it should. I'm going to do it. I'm going to have a work in a gas station. You know what? Millions of people never got married, but every year they take a chance. Hello, Harry. Harry Schultz. Oh, no, Harry. You're not for that job. You're still got it open. Yeah, but he don't know much about cars, but he learns quickly. It's honest, dependable, and he's got a work hard. What's the meaning of it? Okay, Harry. And thanks. Luigi, we did it. In a few hours, you're going to see how you make out, and then you can help a smiley to keep his rap no store.  Where am I going to go? 32 North Maple Street in Horia, Luigi. Well, I'm going to now. Goodbye, Schultz. You're real friends. That's nothing, Luigi. Wait, wait, wait. When you wait on a customer at a gas station, you always got a smile. That's right. Smile. Be like me, Luigi. Always smiling, always laughing. My rheumatism is killing me. Our cars, Mr. Vasco. Well, I'll tell you truth, Mr. Wellie. The only thing I'm going to know about the cars is the water press quality to tell me when I'm a first to come to America. Down across the plate, if you see a car, I'm moving it three blocks away. Well, for the time being, you'll just handle the pumps. When a car drives up, you'll just ask if they want gas, check the water, air, oil. You'll catch on. Oh, I'm hoping so very much. You think, Mr. Wellie, you think I'm a kind of lander to guess the business? Oh, sure. You just watch what I do when you imitate. Monkey sees monkey does. Monkey sees a monkey does. That's a good one. Right. Okay, now put all those white overalls in that little white cap and I'll start breaking in. All right. Monkey sees a monkey does. My memories are like they're working in a zoo. Grab that car. Okay. Wait, I'ma sure to grab it. Hey, Carol. All right. All right. Something that we're going to sell you today, buddy. We got a nice fresh, you guys. It's a fresh water, beautiful oil, and it's soft to touch. It's a pleasure to touch. What? Hey, look, just fill her up. Huh? Oh, sure. Fill it up. What the what? Apple. Wait, the who? Apple. I think you got it on the place of Mr. Shiz and her worker here. That's a comedy, Mack. Well, you're not a mind, never mind, Basko. How many, sir? Fill her up. Apple. Yes, sir. Check his pressure, Basko. Huh? Check his pressure. Maybe I'm a better color doctor. Oh. Never mind. I'll do it. For Pete's sake, watch me. All right, sir. First, I wipe off the windshield. All right. Oh, Donna, there's a customer at the other pump. You think you can take care of them, Basko? Oh, sure. The monkey says that he's going to do. Hiya, sir. Hiya, sir. You want to act on the windshield? Or maybe you like I'ma shoot a check of your blood pressure. I'm in a hurry. Five regular. A regular what? Gas. Oh. Oh, sure. Sure. The life of stuff. Hmm. What's your pipe of his or yours? That's a funny. It's an ol' libella sound. Pete! Something is wrong? You're pouring water into my gas tank. Oh, come on. Excuse me, sir. Oh, and I'ma not gonna cheat. I'ma gonna put the extra gas into your water tank. Never mind. Don't come in. Listen, I asked you. Here. You. Ooh. Look, isn't it? You had a beautiful look on it. Hi, Harry. Oh. Hello, Mr. Brown. Hello, Mrs. Brown. Well, how do you like her? Isn't she a beauty? Oh, and how? Best looking car I've seen. Ooh. You've got nine miles on her, I see. Uh-huh. If anybody scratched the fender, I'd kill them. We waited eight months for this baby. Eight? Ha-ha! That's a, that's a what do you say? A coincidence. What's a coincidence? I was eight months of baby two. Come on, Harry. We're having a bite while the car is serviced. You sit with us and tell us how to handle it, right? Well, say, you're not gonna refuse us that service, are you? You got a man to take care of the car? Well, I'm hungry. Come on, let's go. Let's fill her up, boy, and if the right windshield wiper sticks, fix it. Basko. Basko, be very careful. Uh-huh. Check the oil and water. Be very careful. Oh, yes. And be sure those new tires are exactly 26 pounds. See you in a little while. Ah, sure. Sure. My, my, my, I hope I'm gonna remember everything. Fill up the oil with the water. Oh, please. The tires are gonna be 26 pounds. Stick the windshield wipers on the right side. Hey, my, my, my, I'm, I'm gonna do a lot of work, but the car doesn't look so good. I'm gonna kind of get a gas in the front of the hull because somebody's already put a water in it. And these are holes on the side that they don't go nowhere. Everything is dripping. Well, now, now the windshield wipers. Why he wants on the right? I don't know. Hmm. How's, how's it gonna stick? Maybe I get a semi-glow on the paste on it. Yeah, maybe. Well, I, I'm asking Mr. Weatherly later. Here, let me see now there. Oh, yeah. Now the tires I'm gonna took off for the car. He wants it. What he wants? Oh, yeah. I should wear 26 pounds. Well, the way I'm gonna find a scalar. Oh, there's the one in the front of the restaurant. Well, I'm gonna roll over that. Here's the scalar. Oh, where's the funny? Uh-huh. Put them in a machine. You will have a healthy prosperity and a good year. That's a real fortune. Those are the name of the tire. But the look is the way 110 pounds. How am I gonna make it 26? Let me see first. The first time I'm gonna let the air out. All right. Then I'm gonna cut off a piece. Maybe it's as much as I've had.  Here's your helper. Oh, no. Oh, where's the car? Oh, no. That's why they should see that. They got me a job in a gas station. They gave you a job of working around the gas? Yes. I better go outside to see if Chicago's are still in Illinois. I'm gonna put a spot of pleasure. Pleasure. Don't throw me out of my store. The only things I'm gonna love is in my antics. I'm a no-god, you know, the kind of business. I'm a tried-out, but I'm a no-god. Luigi, if I owned the property, you could have stayed. But it's out of my hands. Gross is the landlord and she wants to get married. Well, my son. I'll give up the pumpkin. Pumpkin ahead.  And when you try to fly away from the coop with the try-out of your wings, in the end, you've got to come home and to roost. I guess you're right. But let me warn you.  Now, about the marriage. Hello, Mr. Pascuali. Hello, Mr. Lane, handsome Mr. Luigi Bascuali. I'm glad to say we don't have to serve him with any eviction of notice. He's married into my daughter. Well, congratulations. Thank you very much. Well, then, it doesn't matter about the capital game deal, not being able to go through. What do you say? Never mind. We could have talked some other time. Not talking now. Well, it's simply that when I saw you were turning over your money to your daughter to buy the building, you didn't have a spot and you don't want that. You mean a Pascuali has got to be the landlord of the building? Yes. Pascuali, I'm a free. What? Roses and all my landlady, I'm a free Pascuali. Well, Luigi, let's be fair. Can we talk this over, my little chicken? Well, sure, Pascuali. It's something I'm more than saying. What? Mamma Mia, what to look like? Was it going to be very bad for me? Is it turned out to not be so bad? I'm back in my antique shop doing the work that I'm going to stand and, best of all, the work that I'm a lover. I don't want to make a lot of money like a Rockefeller, Mamma Mia, because I'm going to leave the Mr. Rockefeller to become a millionaire from oil. Who, in all I'm going to say, is that if he's a maid at the working in a gas station, he deserves it.  Spearman Chewing Gum, hope you've enjoyed tonight's episode of Life with Luigi, and they want to remind you that Wrigley's Spearman Gum is just about the perfect taste treat to enjoy between your meals. When you got a hankering for something good to chew on, you don't necessarily want anything rich or heavy, and a stick of Wrigley's Spearman just fills the bill. It's chock-full of delicious Spearman flavor, it's long-lasting, and the good chewing satisfies you without filling you or spoiling your appetite. So, for a between-meal treat that's good and good for you, enjoy chewing Wrigley's Spearman Gum. Get a few packages next time you go to the store. The makers of Wrigley's Spearman Chewing Gum invite you to listen next week at this time when Luigi Vasco writes another letter to his Mama Vasco in Italy. Life with Luigi is a Cy Howard production and is directed by Mr. Howard. MacBennoff writes the script with Luzon. Jay Karamash is tired of Luigi Vasco. With Alan Reedus-Casuali, Jody Gilver-Bisboza, Armstrong Reedus-Gil, Mary Schiff is misfolding. Joe Forteo is far away from 10 pieces of gold. Music directed by Red Bluff. Bob Stevenson speaking. This is CBS The Belongue, a broadcasting system.


Hey guys, it's me Logan and today we're going to be doing another reaction video. Now today's reaction video is a SF9 jungle game fan cam reaction video and I am just so freaking excited because all the other SF9 videos that I have reacted to, their dancing has been amazing. Now before we get into this reaction for SF9, I am just very disappointed because I just recorded a video of Red Velvet's Would You and the camera quality came out terrible. I had no idea what happened, it was just really grainy and I tried editing it so it's like least grainy and the colors are nice but I just couldn't do it which is freaking annoying. So I decided that I can't do a fake reaction to Red Velvet's Would You so I decided that we'll just do the SF9 jungle game because this is what you guys wanted and we're going to be doing that now so I'm freaking hyped. I feel like I'm going to be more of a fantasy after this. But yeah, other than that let's get into this. I'm sorry if the audio ain't the best because it is a fan cam but what I'll try to do to fix it is put an MP3 file over it but that just depends on how bad the audio quality is and yeah, that's basically it. So let's get straight into this. Oh, it's dark. Okay. Oh. Okay, okay. Oh my god, it's dancing. Yo, what the... Oh, okay. Let's go. Yo, okay, all these fantasies here, like I'm part of their family. Hell yeah, let's go. Yo, this dancing though, this... It's alright, I'm already in love with it man. It's... It's amazing. Let's go, let's go. Yo, that was lit. Let's go. Into my jungle game. Yo, dude. Hey, I'm just amazed by the dancing. Wait, whoa. What, whoa, dude. Wait, what, is this still going?  No way. What? I was not expecting that. That was amazing. Oh, yo, I am excited to see that again. I am excited. Oh my god. Okay, I'm... I am getting hyped up. Yo, let's go. Oh, dude. I freaking love those type of dance moves, hey? You know, where they all come together and do something? Oh my god, they're just amazing. And these guys, they freaking nail it, man. I'm so glad I'm a fantasy now, man. So glad. Welcome to my jungle game. Yeah. I freaking love this song, and I love their dancing. Do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do, do-do-do-do-do-do-do. Yo, what? What? No, man, these guys got to calm down. Yo, these guys must be so exhausted at the end of their freaking co- What? Do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do. Anyways, what I was saying, these guys must get so exhausted. Oh, wow, it just cuts off like that. Okay, I see how it is. Ninja, at the end of the concert, they must be freaking dead because every single song is basically that type of dancing. Like, what the hell? Now, I need to see that clip again of them freaking doing that. So, oh my god, let's just watch it now. Yo, what the hell?  It's just insane. It's just so beautiful and complicated. It's beautifully complicated. There we go, that's what I should have said. Ah, Ninja, I am speechless. Like, that is insane. Like, they're dancing. They're... Oh, man, they're dancing. It's just, it's just like, I... Yeah, I was actually lost for words. Okay, this is what I personally reckon. I feel like SF9, they are the best group for when it comes to dancing, like in the K-pop industry right now, and if you guys think there's a better group, then let me know because right now, SF9, all their freaking dancers that I have seen, they're like, all their dancers have been on point, guys. As you know, they haven't been on point. They've been way beyond the point, man. They're like at the freaking moon, or even Jupiter. Like, they're dancing, it's just insane. I absolutely love it. I need to go to a SF9 concert sometime during my life, guys. I have to, like, all I wanna do when I grow up is travel the world. Yeah. But now what we're adding onto the bucket list is a freaking SF9 concert. Because, guys, it's insane. Like, imagine seeing all of that choreography in one night alive. Imagine that. That would be like one of the best things ever. So for the actual video, I think I'm just gonna keep you off the normal audio because it was good enough. Like, the audio was good enough. I thought it would be terrible, but it wasn't too bad, so I'm gonna just use that audio, and hopefully you guys don't mind that, but it doesn't matter about the audio. I just wanted to see them dancing and, like, freaking, oh, just like, meeting the happiest man on Earth right now after seeing them dancing, and that's what happened. I became the happiest man on Earth after I saw them dance, and I'm just like, oh, man, like, please, I wanna see you guys dance more. Actually, SF9, can you just, you know, come to Dunedin and then have a concert just for me, please? You know, I would highly appreciate it. I just wanna see you dancing. Fantasy for life, man. Fantasy for life, that's who I gotta say. It, like, it's... I'm still speechless, and it's been like five, 10 minutes since I've last seen the music video, guys.  But yeah, guys, that's basically gonna be wrapping up this video. I hope you guys did enjoy it. If you guys did, then definitely show some support by leaving a like and also comment down there, and also comment down below if you guys think that there is a song that has got better dancing than, you know, SF9 all together, because, you know, I feel like that's gonna be impossible. And also, subscribe if you're new to our channel because we're gonna be doing more reaction videos, and I hope you guys have a great day and just keep on smiling. And fantasies for life.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Indizor Education. Today I would like to talk about one specific effect of the light, which is called reflection. Well, we all know about what reflection actually is. Everybody saw the reflection in the mirror. But it's quite interesting actually to know about certain principles which are behind this particular effect of the light. And there are some interesting details, even historical details, which I'm going to share. This lecture is part of the course presented on Unizor.com and the course is called Physics for Teens. On the same website, Unizor.com, there is a prerequisite course called Maths for Teens. And whatever information is in that course is mandatory for studying physics for teens. There is a lot of math in physics, basically. That's my main point. Now, this site is completely free. There are no advertisements, no financial strings. You don't even have to sign in if you don't want to work with the course in some kind of supervisory mode. So, I will encourage you to use the website to watch these lectures of this course. Because every lecture has very detailed notes right near it on the website. And basically, the notes are like a textbook. So, you have both. You have the visual lecture and you have the textbook with basically the same information. Okay, back to reflection. Now, I would like to just talk about two distinct effects. One is called reflection and another is called refraction. So, reflection and refraction occur when the light is propagating somewhere near the boundary between two different media. Different environments, let's say the air and the glass or vacuum and water, whatever. Now, the boundary between these two substances is very important. Reflection means, so if you have one particular medium, boundary and another medium. So, reflection is when the light comes to the border, it goes back to the old medium it came from. That's a reflection. Now, refraction means that it's actually penetrating the border. This is a refraction. Now, in many cases, these both effects are occurring at the same time. Which means partially light is reflected and partially it penetrates through the border. But we're not talking about this mixed case. Our purpose for this particular lecture is reflection only. Another lecture will be about refraction. So, that's basically as far as terminology is concerned. So, reflection goes back into the medium it came from. Refraction means it penetrates like through a lens whenever the light goes through the lens and goes further. That's a refraction. The mirror is reflection. Now, in many cases, there are certain laws of reflection. Like the incidence, the angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection. Many people know about this, but I'm not talking about this at this particular moment. I would like to actually understand why it happens. Why one angle is equal to another? So, basically, whenever you have a situation like this, if this is a mirror, the light goes this way. This is a perpendicular. So, these two angles are actually equal to each other. This is a direction. So, this is called incidence and this is reflection. So, these angles are equal. But I don't want to give it to you just like this basically. Just like a fact. Okay, just take it or leave it. That's the law of the nature or something like this. I would like to find some reasonable foundation behind this. And I was thinking about this and I came up with a certain explanation which happened to be basically invented by famous French mathematician Pierre Fermat in 1662, if I'm not mistaken, in the 17th century. So, it's known as Fermat's principle of the least time. Here is the brief explanation of this. Now, we all know that the light goes along the straight line in a uniform environment. So, if this is the source of light and this is the observer, the observer sees the light which goes along the straight line. These rays of lights are not visible by this particular observer.  So, if you see the light, the light goes along the straight line. Well, the straight line, as we know, is the shortest distance, right? So, I suggest that whenever we are talking about the mirror, well, actually it's not me who suggested it. That's Pierre Fermat in 1662 suggested this. But the suggestion is that if this is the light and this is, let's say, observer. Now, there is a wall here, so observer doesn't really see the erect light. Observer can see only the reflected light. So, the principle of least time is that this trajectory, which basically depends on where exactly the point of reflection is. This trajectory is minimal as far as its length and therefore its time. Because this is the same medium. Since this is a reflection, the light is always within the same uniform medium, let's say, vacuum. So, the speed is the same. So, minimizing the time actually is minimizing the distance with a constant speed, right? So, again, my statement is that this particular trajectory is shorter than any other, let's say this one. So, that's a very important principle, which we are going to prove, obviously. We are going to prove that this is shorter. But the principle, I think, we can take intuitively as an axiom. So, again, the light goes along a trajectory which minimizes the time of travel. By the way, historically speaking, I read a little bit about this. When Pierre Fermat suggested this principle, it was met with some kind of a resistance, because it kind of assumed that the nature has certain intelligence, so to speak, and it chooses among all different trajectories, it chooses the one which minimizes the time of travel. Well, it's a philosophical kind of discussion, which I'm not going to go into right now. But it's an interesting thought, actually. In any case, the principle represents certain logic behind why the laws of reflection are such and such, and by the way, a reflection as well. And it seems to me, at least, that to accept this principle of minimizing the time is actually, as an axiom, it's easier than to say, basically, that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection as an axiom. I mean, the axiom about the principle of minimizing time seems to be reasonable to accept as an axiom rather than the quality of these angles, which natural question is why? Why we go this way instead of that way? So, if we are using, if we are accepting the principle of minimizing the time, then we can prove that this is exactly the right trajectory. And now here is the proof, very easy one, basically. Let's just consider a purely geometrical problem. You have a plane. Now let me just convert this into a plane instead of a line. So this is the plane. And you have two points on the same side of the plane. And we have to find such a point on the plane. Let's call it alpha. So this is a source of light. This is our observer. This is the point, this is the point. And we have to find the point on the plane alpha such that the distance, so this is, let's say, r. So the distance sr plus ra is minimally among all other points. Here is how we can do it. So let's forget about this trajectory for a while. We will use it later on. So we have to find this point. So here is a construction, basically, of this point. So I will really construct the point. I will give you the way how we can get this point very easily. Let's drop the perpendicular to the plane and move it further. So this is, let's say, b and this is a prime. So a prime and a are symmetrical relative to the plane alpha. Which means this is the perpendicular and a b is equal to b a prime. Now a b is perpendicular to alpha. That's a symmetrical point. Now if I will draw a line from s through the plane towards a and this r is where they intersect the line and the plane. I will get some point r. Now this is a straight line, sa prime, straight line. So the line intersects the plane at point r and I am actually stating that this particular point r is the one where the light should go towards the plane. Reflect to the point a. And the distance s r plus r a would be minimum in this particular case. Among all other points r. How can we do it? Again, very easily. Choose any other point, call it x. Now obviously, since a and a prime are symmetrical, x b belongs to the alpha. So these are two right angles. So the triangles are actually equal, a x b and a prime x b are equal to each other because a b is equal to a prime b. This is common and this is right triangle. So there is an angle. Which means a x is equal to x a prime. Now if I will add this, what will I have? Now s x plus x a is equal to s x plus x a prime, right? Because x a is equal to x a prime, x a and x prime. So s x plus x a is equal to s x plus x. Now s r a prime is a straight line, s x a prime is not a straight line. It's two different, it's two segments. Now sum of two segments s x plus x a prime is definitely greater than a straight line s a prime. So that's why any other point is not good because s r a prime is smaller. Very easy proof. It's a straight line and this is a broken line.  Now minimum length means minimum time because the speed is constant.  So let me get rid of this x and everything related to x and I will leave only b and r now. So let's draw perpendicular here and let's connect this perpendicular. Let's say it's s prime, let's connect this to this. And I need another thing perpendicular from r, r prime. So r prime is perpendicular to alpha, r prime is perpendicular to alpha, s prime is perpendicular to alpha. Now a b is also perpendicular or a prime is perpendicular to alpha. So these are all perpendicular. Well, if these are all perpendicular, it means they are all parallel to each other, right? Now let's consider the plane, beta, the plane of how the light ray is actually traveling. s r and r a. So this is the plane, it's basically vertical, s, r and a. We are actually drawing the plane which goes through these three points. Now what else belongs to these three points? Let's just think about it. Well, now the s and r belong to this plane because that's how we have designed. That belongs to the plane. And r a belongs to the plane. Now since s r belongs to the plane, point a prime also belongs to the plane because it's in the same line, right? Two points belong to the plane, beta, so all the points on this plane. So a prime belongs to beta. Okay, now since a prime belongs to the beta and a belongs to the beta because again beta contains the whole r a. It means that the whole a a prime belongs to the beta, a a prime belongs to the beta and b as well, point b. So s a b a prime r, this is all one plane. Now it's s belongs to this plane. Now a b is the line within the plane, beta. s s prime is parallel, right? Because both are perpendicular to alpha. S belongs, so let me just draw it again from this. If you have one line and a point, so this is a b and this point is s. Now if this is parallel to this, this line belongs to the plane, this one is on the plane and it's parallel to this. Obviously this s s prime also belongs to the plane. So s s prime also belongs to the beta. Absolutely the same thing with r r prime because r belongs to the plane and r r prime is parallel to a b. a b belongs to the plane so r r prime should belong to the plane. So this is all plane geometrical properties of the lines, points and planes. And by the way, all these topics are definitely presented in the math 14 course which is prerequisite for this. So now what we have? This line, this line, this line, these two lines, this line all belongs to the same plane beta which actually goes like this. Okay, so now we basically are ready to do something with angles. Look, this is the line, now let's consider only the plane beta with vertical plane. Now within this line s a prime is a line and s prime b is a line and these are vertical angles, correct? So they are equal to each other. Now the triangle a b r and a prime b r are equal or congruent as we call it right now. Well because these categories are equal to each other, a b and b a prime. This is the common side and obviously these are right angles. So the angles, so the triangles are equal so these angles are equal. So we have all three angles are equal. Now s prime b is a straight line basically. Now why is it a straight line? Because these are two perpendicular and yes and these angles are equal, right? So if these two angles are equal now these two are complementary because this is 90 degree, this is perpendicular. So these two with two arcs are complementary to a single arc angle so they are equal as well. And these are exactly the angles which the laws of reflection actually is talking about. This is an incidence angle and this is a reflection angle. These are angles with the perpendicular to the plane of reflection. Okay so what else? I think these are all properties which I wanted to talk about and now let's talk about the laws of reflection. So we have the first law is that I have already stated that the incident ray, reflected ray and the perpendicular to a point of reflection they all belong to the same plane and this is the plane beta which we were talking about. So that's the first law of reflection. Both rays incident and reflection and perpendicular to the plane at a reflecting plane at the point of reflection is called normal actually, this is called normal. Our prime is a normal to a plane at point R. So these all belong to the same plane. So we have already discussed that. Now the second law of reflection that the angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection. Again we have already addressed that. We derived all these from the main principle we started from in the very beginning. The principle of the least time. Okay so we've got that. And the third one is that within this plane which beta plane S and A the source and the recipient of the light are on different side from the normal from R, R prime. Again that's how we basically constructed the whole thing. Because we have this line and this point is the intersection it's in between these. So that's why we have this property. So all these laws of reflection, three laws of reflection that two rays and normal are in the same plane. The angles are equal incidence and reflection and both points are on different sides of the normal. Now these were actually derived using this principle of the least time. And I think it's easier to accept principle of the least time rather than just, you know, these are properties of reflection, memorize it. Okay. I would rather prefer to derive it from something more fundamental like principle of the least time. Okay so this is kind of purely mathematical approach to reflection using this principle of the least time. I would like to also add to this certain physical confirmation so to speak of these principles. And the physical confirmation is basically quite easy. Let me just talk about this now. So let's assume that we have this plane and plane would be, this would be x, this would be y, and this would be z axis. Okay so we have introduced the frame of reference. So the mirror, the plane of reflecting is x, y plane in this system of coordinates. And z would be at the point of reflection basically. The origin of co-ordinates will be the point of reflection. So we are observing this particular process. Light is emitted from some point. And let me just turn the whole thing in such a way that initial position of the light is within zy, sorry, within, no, not zy, zx. So zx, this is a plane where my initial source of light actually is. So the s has certain coordinates. At time is equal to zero. Our ray, well we are talking about particles. So it's kind of a corpuscular theory is using. This type of thing. So at point time is equal to zero. s has coordinates, certain x which is negative, some negative x0, where x0 is greater than, y is zero, and z0, these are coordinates. So this would be minus x0 and this would be z0. This is coordinates of the source of light. At moment time is equal to zero. It issues the particle of light. Particle of light goes towards this particular point. Now, because that's how we have chosen it, right? We have chosen system of coordinates in such a way that the light behaves this particular way. It goes along the straight line, which means it's always within xz plane, this one. It's y coordinates, it's zero, and there is certain speed the light travels. The particle of light, if you wish, is traveling. Well, the speed is c. So if the distance, for instance, from s to zero is something, let's say d, then the time would be d divided by c. Distance divided by speed, and that would be the time when it will reach point of reflection. Okay, fine. Now, the speed is constant. Now, let's assume that this angle is theta i. i means incidence, so it's theta i incidence. Now, if the speed is c, linear speed is c, then the x component would be c times sin of theta i. Now, y component is not changing because it's always within xyz, so y coordinate is not changing. So, if this is a vector of speed, it would have this zero as the y, speed within the y coordinate. And the z coordinate, it goes down, so it's diminishing. Now, that would be c times cosine, but with a minus sign, right? c cosine theta i. Now, this is the speed at minus because it goes down along the z. So, it goes towards positive direction of the x, but negative direction towards i, so that would be the speed. Okay. Now, let's assume that it hits the surface of the xy plane, which is supposed to do reflection. Well, reflection can be, from the corpuscular theory, reflection can be viewed as basically elastic hit. So, let's assume it's ideal elastic hit. And it means that this elasticity will affect every coordinate separately. Now, the y coordinate is zero, so there is no change in the y direction. Now, the plane xy, if it's elastic, the force of elasticity goes straight up. Now, the x component, again, has no effect because the force goes up. So, it's only the z component which will be affected. So, the z component which goes straight down, it will feel this elasticity of the surface. And if it's ideal, then considering we have to preserve the certain laws of momentum and energy, the conservation, etc. So, the z component will just change the direction to the opposite. It's like you've dropped some kind of metal ball on a very springy kind of surface. It goes, again, vertically up to the same height if we would like to preserve certain laws of conservation of energy. So, that happens exactly the same way. So, x component will not be affected, y component will not be affected, but z component will be affected. So, this trajectory is the result of this elastic hit. And this is a vector of incidence now. So, a vector of reflection would have no effect on the x speed, no effect on the y, because it's zero always. And the z component will change to opposite. So, it was minus c cosine theta i, it will be plus c. So, that would be calculated speed. Now, what is the speed if this angle is theta r, the reflection angle? Well, the speed is the same, absolute linear speed is the same, it's c. So, again, the x component would be c times sine. So, from another perspective, the same vector should have c sine qr, also zero as y component. And c cosine r, it goes to the positive direction now, right? So, that's why it's plus here. So, we have the same vector. One is basically calculated based on this angle, and another calculated based on elasticity of the mirror. Elasticity in this particular case means that if we are shooting the particles of light, they are just elastically reflected. So, these are two the same thing. So, we have the sine of theta i is equal to sine of theta r. This is theta i and this is theta r, incidence and reflecting. And the cosine also supposed to be equal. So, if sine of the angle is equal to cosine of one angle is equal to sine of another angle. And cosine is equal to another cosine. Angles are the same, again, plane trigonometry. And that proves this second law of reflection. Now, the first law of reflection is basically, we have already satisfied it. Because in the very beginning, we have chosen the xz plane as the plane of action. So, obviously the z axis and s, this is zero, origin of coordinate. And the reflected light, they all belong to this xz plane. So, the first law that raise of incidence of reflection and the normal are in the same plane. So, that's an xz plane. And the third one, these two are on opposite side. Well, it's basically because this is a negative x and this is a positive x. That's why they are both on different sides. You see, negative x in the beginning and after that it was positive because the speed is positive. From point zero it goes to the positive x. So, they are on opposite side. So, this is the third one. Again, I'm not saying that this is like very mathematically correct proof of anything. Now, everything I spoke about today is, I would say, explanation of something which we observe and an attempt to give some kind of a logical foundation behind it. Foundation either, well, kind of mathematical from the position of minimizing the time of traveling and more physical explanation based on corpuscular theory of light and elasticity of the reflection mechanism. Well, I suggested to read the notes for this lecture. So, you go to Unisort.com, Physics 14's course. This is the part which is called waves. And among waves you will see the reflection. I think it's properties of light and then reflection. Alright, that's it. Thank you very much and good luck.


What's going on guys? And welcome back to the channel. Welcome back to another video. My name is Jacob and thank you first and foremost for clicking on this video. Secondly, this video is a bit of an experiment. It's the first of what I hope to be many in a video series I don't have a title for at the moment, but basically it's going to be myself, as you all know, sitting down one on one discussing a certain topic, whatever it may be, something that obviously affects me enough, or I might have some personal opinions on the matter, or possibly even a personal story to tell similar to Charles Sonner. He's basically formed a successful, very successful and very entertaining YouTube channel around him sitting down in a chair just like this and discussing topics, discussing topics that he has enough, either knowledge or, you know, insight information to make it interesting, right?  I'm going to sit down and talk about people, talk about topics, talk about things that happen in the world, specifically in the world of sports that affect me. And there is one guy in one news story that has affected me recently. It's made me very, very proud. You know, it's made me just happy to be honest, happy that I've seen a journey like this from the beginning and, you know, come to fruition in the way that it has. So Jordan Marlata first travelled to the United States in February of 2018 to attend the IMG Academy. I first came across Jordan Marlata in mid-2018 when I decided to start doing rugby player reacts videos. And his story affected me so much because of the fact that it was current. So I was literally watching the episodes of Undiscovered come out, you know, as they came out. So I was watching this, this story, I was watching this, this Undiscovered series and it inspired me. It inspired me. It gave me some incredible content to react to in those early days. And it, you know, it got me on the bandwagon of Jordan Marlata becoming a success in the NFL. Now, when I first started watching NFL, I never realised just how big for a start the linemen are and especially, you know, in the position of either left or right tackle. It's your job to protect that quarterback by any means necessary. And I'd seen Jordan Marlata as a rugby player prior to going over to the US and he at his size is basically a bulldozer. He's a wrecking ball. He's six foot eight, running a five second 40 yard dash at 350 pounds. Oh, but also he was 19 years old. So the guy was just running through absolutely everybody. He got picked up by the South Sydney Rabbidos, played in the under 20s competition. And I dare say that if he didn't in February of 2018, you know, take a massive risk never having even put a football helmet on, let alone play the game. It was his pure God given genetics plus a highlight tape or two that got his foot in the door, got him over the end of the States with this opportunity presented to him. And I tell you what, he took it. He took it with both hands. And here we are three and a half years later. He's done what any rookie NFL player dreams of doing and that is playing out their first contract and securing their second, the bag, securing the bag, so to speak. And I'll tell you what, Jordan Milata has done just that. So if you do want to go back into my video library, check out rugby player reacts to NFL undiscovered 2018. And you know, you can relive some of the incredible moments that we had together me, Jordan Milata, and you guys, you know, to see this guy get drafted without ever having attended a college or high school in the States. That's unheard of. Well, actually, it's not because he was the second player to do that behind a German guy the year before. Pretty sure he went to the Vikings. Anyway, Philadelphia Eagles pick up Jordan Milata late in the draft. I think it was in the eighth round. I think it was in the seventh or eighth round with pick number 230 something. It really doesn't matter because at the end of the day, a team did believe in him in the Philadelphia Eagles. And what they got in those early stages was a canvas, a blank canvas, someone that, you know, an offensive line coach could literally take under their wing. Well, theoretically, I mean, the guy's six foot eight and 350 pounds, no one's going to be putting him under their wing. So in those early days, we saw a couple of preseason clips, one of him in the locker room, serenading the team on a ukulele, which seems that much smaller in a guy like Jordan Milata's hands. But he was in there. He was a part of the team. He was probably, I'm going to say, the biggest and heaviest player on the entire Eagles roster. And when you think about that, when you've got linemen that have, you know, come through the ranks, come through high school, college, they've seen it all come through the NFL. They've seen absolutely everything. Can you imagine what they thought when this 20 year old Australian comes walking through the door only just?  I just don't know what they would have thought. I've never seen a guy that big. I've never ever seen a man six foot eight and 350 pounds. I've seen a guy six foot eight, but they're not normally that big. This is Shaq. This is Shaq in his prime, plus about 50 pounds, minus about four inches. Put it that way. So three more things I want to discuss. Jordan Milata, as the title suggests, has become the richest athlete in Australian sports history. So to make the comparison between a $64 million contract over four years with 40 million guaranteed, that's 10 million guaranteed per year, plus an additional 6 million in potential earnings. That takes him to $16 million a year. But after securing that bag, after, you know, his name going worldwide now, I can safely say that in endorsements, he's going to be earning that much more, which takes him, I'm going to say officially, to $17 million a year. And in comparison to Australia's highest paid athletes in the past, a couple of basketballers, pretty high profile. One was actually the first pick, the first overall pick. And that was Andrew Bogart. And I'm pretty sure at the height of his career, he was earning $16.9 million a year. Patty Mills is at that level, as far as fame, as far as success in the NBA. He's an Australian. And I'm pretty sure his top contract was worth around about $5 million a year. Now these stats are not confirmed. I am pulling from my brain. I can't confirm them. You guys are going to have to. Another athlete, Adam Scott. I'm pretty sure around $6 or $7 million was his highest year of earnings. Now Adam Scott is a previous PGA Masters, US Open. Look, at the end of the day, I'm pretty sure it was the Masters, that gold jacket. Is that the one? I'm not a huge gold fan, obviously. But anyway, look, there's been some really high profile worldwide viral type athletes from Australia, yet none of them have ever earned as much as Jordan Milata is set to earn over the next four years. It's absolutely incredible. The man is 24. He went over to the States when he was 20. He's now 24. He's obviously matured in more ways than one, but I think the way that he's matured the most would have to be his football brain, his football mouse. Preparing his body over these last three years to become a starting left tackle for the Philadelphia Eagles.  This is a personal story, actually. Chail Sonnen would be proud. Jordan Milata saw my reactions to the Undiscovered series in late 2018. He reached out to me. This is before he had a blue check mark on Instagram. He reached out to me. He said, look, actually, you know what? I'm going to grab my phone. You know, I'm only going to make this video once. So I might as well go straight to the source, straight from the horse's mouth, so to speak, and look up Jordan Milata. There he is. Okay. On the 24th of August, 2018, he sent me a message. My guy watched your reaction videos to our NFL program and loved every minute of it. Just wanted to show some love, man. There's still three more episodes, so stay tuned. So like I mentioned at the start of the video, you know, to discover, no pun intended, the NFL Undiscovered series, whilst the episodes were being dropped, to discover not only in Australian, I'm from New Zealand, but you know, it's pretty close. We're like brother and sister, but not only in Australian, but also in Australian rugby player. Being a rugby player myself, entitling my videos, rugby player reacts to a certain video. It was just, it was incredible. And this guy reached out to me, sent me a message, and it really inspired me. It inspired me to not only continue with my rugby player reacts videos, but it also inspired me to actually give the game a go. You know, a rugby player can actually be successful in the league. Now, Jordan Milata was never going to be a running back, which is the position I wanted to play, but it just goes to show that the skills and the attributes of a rugby player can transition successfully to the NFL. Anyway, three episodes to go. Stay tuned. Bro, what a legend. Thanks so much for reaching out. I love watching it. So proud and such an epic storyline for me and everyone else to follow. So there's eight episodes in total. Sweet. I thought it was only five.  Keep inspiring. And I sent that message on the 24th of August, 2018. That's over three years ago. He said, my bro, I had to reach out. Your reaction was too good to not. Three more episodes. The director was actually the one who hit me up about you telling me to watch it. If you have any questions, let us know, mate. I said, awesome, bro. I'd hope you catch a glimpse of it somehow. And there you go. Props to the director for that. Honestly, production of the NFL videos is so awesome. I could react to them all day. That deep narrator voice and the slow motion shots do it for me. Ha ha. Well, like, well, yeah, I guess I got one question then. When is the next episode coming out? And well, look, things got really busy for him and he never got back to me, but that's okay. In 2019, I was launching my business, Major Keith is X. And I thought, you know what, I'm going to try and leverage this relationship. I'm going to try and get Jordan Malata to rock a three Excel top, right? Because because the t-shirts that I was coming out with were sized up to three Excel. And I thought, you know what, that actually might fit this guy. So I hit him up. He was really keen. But unfortunately, he was already sponsored by Johnny Big, which is a clothing company for big men, which makes sense. Anyway, he said he'd love to help out, but he's going to have to check with his agent. Basically, at that point, I realized it's probably not going to happen. So I said, look, best of luck. Give me a postal address and I'll, I'll take care of the rest. And so he was keen to help. Unfortunately, didn't work out. And the next message I sent was actually just last Sunday saying, congrats, my man on the latest news. I'm still watching. So, you know, it's times like that where you really realize the power of the internet and the power of YouTube. And, you know, that's not the first time. And it's probably not the last time that a player in the NFL has watched one of my reactions to their video and reached out to me. There's been the Ravens. There have been the Jacksonville Jags. There has been Russell Wilson of the Seattle Seahawks.  So the third thing I do want to mention, and I would be doing you guys a disservice if I didn't, is Jared Hain. Now, Jared Hain was the first reason I ever took an interest in the NFL. It took me another three years to decide, you know what, rugby's good, but it's only going to take me so far. I want to learn, I want to learn the sport, this, this primetime US sport. And here we are, three and a half years later. What a journey. Would never have expected it. But the first dinkling I got of the game was, was Jared Hain. And I'm going to say that I wouldn't be surprised if Jordan Milata's first thought of the NFL, first thought of making a success of himself as a rugby player in the world of NFL was when he saw Jared Hain. So whether it's Jared in 2015, whether it's Jordan in 2018, whether it's any of these kickers, I mean, Michael Dixon came through. Mitch Wisnowsky came through. You know, Dixon was 2018, Wisnowsky was 2019. Now, obviously, now obviously as far as excitement levels, for me, a left tackle, okay, fair enough, not going to be the most exciting position for me to watch. Although, although when I do watch a Philadelphia Eagles game from now on, that will be the moment that will be those will be the times where I actually focus on the lineman more so than any other players on the field. So that's going to be interesting. But for me personally, a left tackle, no, a kicker, no, a punter, no, but a running back. Yes. So Jared Hain and what he was able to do in the league as a rugby player really inspired me the most. And I know it's inspired a hell of a lot of other people.  Talk about pancake blocks. I'll tell you what, first and foremost, you're not going to get past this guy. Secondly, he's probably going to push you back.  He's that big. Anyways, guys, that was my video. Those were my thoughts. I had to do it. You know, he's going to be suiting up for his second game of the season in a short three or four days. So this video had to be made. And I'm glad I did. I don't know whether it's been entertaining for you. If it has, please let me know down on the comment section below. Got any other suggestions, players, news stories, whatever it may be, hit me up in the comments section below, or better yet, hit me up on Instagram, because I'll always read those comments that come and go. Can I read them all? I'd love to, but I don't. Can I respond to them all? I'd really love to, but there is absolutely no way I could. So if you do want to contact me directly, if you want a guaranteed response, it might take a day, might take a week, but I'm definitely going to get back to you. Hit me up on Instagram. All of the links and everything else is in the description box below. And it's been my pleasure. Jordan, keep inspiring. The masses keep going. And best of luck for the 2021 season. Will we see Jordan Milata as an entry on the NFL's top 100 players of 2022? Wouldn't that be a blast? I've got no doubt. I've got no doubt that he keeps doing what he's doing.  He's going to get the respect he deserves. And if I can do that reaction to Jordan Milata on the NFL top 100 series, it's going to be a real special one. Guys, thank you for watching. If you are wondering about the NFL's top 100 players of 2021, I am working on it. Like a dog. So thanks for watching. Thank you for staying patient. Hopefully you enjoy 100 videos. Hey, you're bound to enjoy one. And that's the main thing. So guys, thank you for watching and peace out.


Mr. Speaker, I beg to present for second reading a bill short entitled Health and Citizens Security Levy Amendment. Mr. Speaker, there will be no need, I hope, for a long discussion on that bill. The health and security levy has been implemented on goods. It has been collected custom for Mr. Speaker. And the transition with all things, just like that, there will be some rough patches on the transition Mr. Speaker. But in the mean it has been collected and customs on imports, and there seems to be a pretty smooth transition Mr. Speaker. కాక్రాలులు కికాినిలాక్నరులులులాక్రరి ఎంశిక్నిమిమికాయాయ్ో చరారునామికిపదాకికేని. Two  Wire  Aa  veure ー 北                                                                                to be stabilise the country, Mr Speaker to get people in a state of uproar so the country can't move that's why they glorify crime you believe it's only now that Senorsha ever had crime, Mr Speaker you believe, Senorsha was perfect before 21 July, only now you only started now, to have some crime only now I don't think crime is justified I'm appalled and when I tried saying about crime they tried to ridicule me and they make an excuse and get support and say  솔직히                                     .         As I said, it's working for goods. It's working for goods. But for services, Mrs. Speaker, the first service providers came to us and they say that there is difficulty in collection. So immediately, and I only made that clear because I read somewhere that how it's going to be refunded, immediately I want to say that there was no health and security levy on the provision of services. We gave them how many months? Two months? Two months, Mrs. Speaker. And we are going to implement the health and security levy services starting from the 1st of October this year. And here is why we did it, Mrs. Speaker. Because we believe in dialogue. We believe in discussion. We believe in getting the business people together because this government has done more for the business people than any government business speaker. And they are going to want all over the world to say that if I was the Prime Minister I would not be able to track investments. No one would come here if I was the Prime Minister. I would not be able to track investments. Because people will listen to me. I won't tell you why they said. I won't tell you why.  But that's what they will tell Lucia that I would not be able to track investment. There is more investment in St. Lucia in the last five years than the last six years of the speaker. There is more interest in St. Lucia. The last time there was so much interest in St. Lucia was when the Lair Party was in power in the year 2009, 2007, 2001, 2006. Right now, investors are knocking on the door of the speaker and you see the roots. You see the hotels going up in the speaker. So when we decided to create a name environment because the health and security levy was a revenue measure, but we said because of the after effects of COVID, we'll give the businesses a break. We had amnesty for the business people who orders vats and who had fines and penalties for not paying the tax. We had an amnesty for them. You know what they said? They said we did it for our friends. I did it for my friends. The same man who could not attract investment, the same man who will not come here because I couldn't speak. I don't know if I'm a mumu. They said I couldn't speak so investors won't come in St. Lucia. The same man, when the investors are coming and when we remove the vats, they say because these same investors are my friends. So if you can gain anything with this people. So Mr Speaker, the service providers came to us and said to us the way we are calculating the health and security level and services will cause double taxation. So we sat down and we listened to them, we spoke to them and we came up with a formula of how we will work. The consideration which is the amount of money that will be liable to vat Mr Speaker. And if you look at section, the amendment to section 2, you will see the following Mr Speaker. Section 2 of the principle act is amended under the definition of the word consideration by deleting paragraph A and substituting the following. The total amount in money or kind paid or payable for the supply by a person directly or indirectly including fees and charges other than tax pay up under this act reduced by a price discount or rebates excluding value added tax paid or payable on the supply of a service in accordance with value added tax, stamp duty paid or payable in accordance with the stamp duty act and other duties and levies paid or payable under any other enactment. What this means Mr Speaker? Let me give you an example of a policeman or teacher or student getting a mortgage bill or house with a speaker. I can't wait once the duct sign order to make the announcement on housing. That's not a big announcement, I'll come soon Mr Speaker. And you'll hear them, you'll hear them, you'll hear them you'll cry when I'll come to Mr Speaker. I just can't wait, I just can't wait, so you'll hear. So before we do it, you'll hear the, you know what I mean when you have it, but anyhow. So if, see Mr Speaker, the minister of house is looking at me, you know.  So he'll be okay, he'll be okay. So Mr Speaker, see, that means if a policeman or teacher or student or servant is being a house with a speaker, when you are calculating the legal fees that must be on the house, they calculate it, the lawyer's fees, the life is foolishness. They decide that they pay the stamp duty, all the other fees and the lawyer fees, and they come down and they pay, then you have the health and security level, levy and then vats. What was happening Mr Speaker, is they would have had to pay health and security levy on the stamp duties, which was not right, that's double taxation because they have paid the government stamp duty. So what we said, is when we are calculating the health and security levy, we will exclude, we subtract the stamp duty and any other duties or taxes are already paid to the government and you will pay the health and security levy on the 2.5% of the total and then the vats. So what we done Mr Speaker, is that we understood that it can't be a case of double taxation, nor can it be a case of putting on due pressure on people who have already paid their duties, their stamp duty to build a house and build their mortgages. So that is what this amendment speaks to Mr Speaker. So it's an amendment that actually reduces, reduces the revenue that the government can collect, reduces it because you have to exclude, you have to exclude the duties already paid to the government. Mr Speaker, again because of discussion and because of wanting to improve the lot, to make it more easy, make it easier for people to be able to build their houses etc. And all these other services Mr Speaker, you remove the duties or taxes you pay. So if you have a service Mr Speaker and included in that service, you have already paid vats on that input for that service you have to exclude it. That's all about Mr Speaker. And the Chamber of Commerce represented by the Chamber, the Chamber of Commerce represented the service providers, the law etc. We came and had a discussion Mr Speaker with us and we decided that we will not be high and mighty and play as if what everything we do is right. We said yes you are right, you understood when the cabinet discussed with my colleagues and we said yes that is fair and reasonable and we will make the change Mr Speaker. So this is the change. We never said so. We did it, we did it Mr Speaker and that is what this amendment is all about Mr Speaker. So Mr Speaker, on the matter of the cost of revealing Mr Speaker, I understand and I empathize with the people of this country when they speak about the cost of the price Mr Speaker. Because Mr Speaker, all the commentators they haven't made a distinction between cost and price. But you know some of them that I hear on the top on the what they call them the turn-hold meetings. No, we created a good thing in the week, we had turn-hold Tuesday. I mean this little party is really innovative you know. We started turn-hold Tuesday. They laugh at us when they started. They say we are afraid of the people, we are going to turn-hold. Now every Sunday they call it turn-hold. Every Sunday. I mean this guy is the rest of the guys you know. They laugh at us. They said we were speaking to the converted in a little room, I talked to people, now they have turn-hold. Concerning what you heard Mr Speaker, there is a difference between cost and price. Let me tell you the difference. If you import that glass and you pay a dollar for it if you have to pay five dollars to get this elusia is a hundred five dollars. If when you get this elusia the duty of ten dollars the cost of that glass it becomes a hundred fifteen dollars. If you have to pay fifteen dollars in fact the cost of that glass is a hundred thirty dollars. That's the cost. But the price of that glass is when you put it in the store the markup that the person puts on it for the profit it becomes the price. So what does the government have control of? In price control goods the government has control of the price. Not the cost. And you know, and Mr Speaker, this is what hurts me. All over the world we have issues with inflation. Inflation last year was six percent and the central bank in the United States is screaming the federation bank that don't matter how they try to don't matter how they try to adjust interest rates inflation is stubborn it just is not reducing. You had England inflation in Barbados inflation all over Mr Speaker I don't like it. If I like to see the cost of goods the price of goods and services in the show market climb like that Mr Speaker I have constituents we eat at home so we understand the prices Mr Speaker but we can't control the cost Mr Speaker so how do we do to control the price we only can put the goods on the price control and the business people are saying that they think price control is aggressive they think price control is something that we should not do but Mr Speaker but Mr Speaker we are saying that in the pricing structure the businesses should take consideration of what is happening to the consumer that's what we say Mr Speaker that's what we are saying and we are saying Mr Speaker that in the prices structure we look at the turnover the turnover if they sell it more if there is more activity Mr Speaker if there is more cash flow they must see how it is affected in the pricing structure Mr Speaker so Mr Speaker what is government is doing for the Ministry of Labour and you know Mr Speaker again there is so much misinformation there is something called inflation or stagflation where the prices continue to spiral spiral spiral Mr Speaker but we understand that because of the increase in prices the disposable income of the people of this country is getting more difficult and more trying we understand that if taking some measures we understand that Mr Speaker so the next measure is we are the Ministry of Labour has been instructed to speak to and the Minister has formed the committee Mr Speaker and I want to show the Chamber of Commons and the public of St Lucia that the finance of this that committee will meet public for discussion before it goes into legislation that's our style that's how we act that's what we did all significant legislation that's what we did we didn't go and sign an agreement with the association Private all of the major policy initiatives that we have taken we are going to public with Mr Speaker so we have got one preliminary report on a minimum liveable wage that report was circulated to the cabinet only and to the cabinet Mr Speaker and this liveable minimum liveable wage is being discussed there has been no decision as yet the Chamber of Commons and the public will be involved in the discussion Mr Speaker but hopefully I hope Mr Speaker that very soon and possibly before independence day next year we can announce a minimum liveable wage for the people of St Lucia but several things that I have taken in consideration Mr Speaker in startflation how competitive competitive our country will be how it will affect expansion of business etc several things Mr Speaker we take in consideration and this government and the Minister of Commerce and the Minister of Labour are cognisant of these things and it will take time to do it Mr Speaker but whereas we are doing that we again will live in other areas and they laugh again at when we started it was an 80 year old Mr Speaker Mr Speaker the contempt that these guys have for people the contempt and the scorn one day I said on a political platform in the market steps that they took elderly ladies and be them to march they made a big fuss with me they put it on Facebook I have no respect for elderly people I am decent I am so I am this wicked fellow I attack elderly people Mr Speaker but the same people when the Minister of Health gives relief to people 80 years and over they attack him the same people you know Mr Speaker last Sunday a lady in my church you know I go to church Mr Speaker you know that on Sunday and I used to go all the time I am not I didn't start because I am a politician so you might hear them say I don't go to communion but you know what I mean that's what that's the platform that's the platform rhetoric that's what you know is you there is of you that one you the attacking after conversion so Mr Speaker and I can say Mr Speaker because I know he will mind me saying that that great TC Brown Mr Speaker his mother she was 80 years last Sunday and 80 years she had a church a big church celebration in my church and if you see the lady you will never say she is 80 years and I want to wish her a happy birthday again so could you please give her a round of applause for me please TC Brown's mother 80 years old Mr Speaker the lady looks well we are living longer we are living much longer these days so when the Minister and the Sensors will show it by the way we need to get the Sensors Arts in a serious way soon in this way out soon we will show the amount of people are living longer so when the Minister starts his 80 years they ridicule him as usual I guess they will say he is ridiculous they ridicule him Mr Speaker then we take the next step then the first step was pregnant women and maternal pre maternal and and penital care for pregnant women they ridicule him again Mr Speaker but Mr Speaker you know why there are serious issues with the population of San Lucia the Minister of Education will tell you that there are schools that don't have enough students Mr Speaker they have to merge classes I am not saying anything about that I am not saying I don't know about the court me and say that all I said is that there are serious issues the population of San Lucia in fact I heard Mayor Motley say two weeks ago that Barberus may have to import people because she had serious issues even national insurance so many serious issues you know and when I hear an opposition when the government brings these issues into the into the discussion in several opposition becomes constructive and gives ideas and say what they can do just lies and nonsense and propaganda I mean we pay for city fees we pay for city fees we pay for city fees but they went to school the schools the children fighting in school Mr Speaker fighting in schools is not a good thing it has got worse now because of social media and because parents are interfering and I think that there should not be any violence in schools Mr Speaker but Mr Speaker people of children are fought in schools for a long time it's not right it's not supposed to happen because she was happening now guns and knives and things in schools but the fact is there has been these things and not new things they are worse now with social media I'm not condoning it because they say I condoned it I'm not condoning it all I'm saying is that do not always sell your country short don't always tell the world your country the worst place in the world stop doing that so we started with health and security levy we started with maternal care Mr Speaker Mr Speaker you know you know the amount of young mothers who get pregnant and the next time the doctor is in the hospital when they have the baby Mr Speaker but these people have no conscience they have no conscience Mr Speaker a number of mothers young mothers only see a doctor when they go to the hospital to conceive to give birth sorry so when the minister says listen to me you can get your what do you call it your ultrasounds your blood tests free it's not supporting that they attack it they attack it and that is what health and security levy will do as we advance towards universal health care Mr Speaker then the food stage is not perfect Mr Speaker tell me the country that has had a health insurance policy that is smooth sailing in the great united states Obamacare was confusion up to now the republics are trying to to do something with with Obamacare but here we are starting with universal health care being funded by some by sources and then by the health and security levy but they are complaining so now we saying that if you get attention for your hypertension hypertension then you will get for your diabetes Mr Speaker and that's a lifestyle I come back to lifestyle again Mr Speaker preventative diseases non communicable diseases Mr Speaker when we came here and I find it very very strange that some people who are always heavy on health style heavy on exercise used to call people big belly all in a sudden Mr Speaker they've got quite they've got quite on lifestyle they've got quite on exercise Mr Speaker they've got quite all in a sudden and you see how the men and women on this side look Mr Speaker the member of for Cassius North he's lost a lot of weight I want to congratulate him for that and you will see what he's with he has a thing he has a thing in the cabinet I don't know what's in there I don't know what I don't know what's there it's a mix it's a mix you see Mr Speaker when I cherish my lifestyle you know I'm going to say something health and security Mr Speaker do you know Mr Speaker and I'll say that because I want the public to see how these things rebound bounce back and come back and that's why I'm here today bounce back bounce back Mr Speaker bounce back Mr Speaker one day I had a meeting in Bokaj by the Bokaj bus stop and a bus with hotel workers bus passing so I stopped my meeting I stopped my meeting kept quiet to allow the bus to pass the next Saturday on UWP media Mr Speaker the next Saturday next Saturday on UWP media it was all over the place I am so sick I'm a sick guy I have high blood pressure and diabetes they cut my toes yes yes Mr Speaker they cut my toes I have I'm toe less UWP UWP UWP and Mr Speaker next day on social media the leader never condemned it never today God has helped me that I've seen the day when the people of Senusia with the help of my colleagues my health is okay I could die tonight like any of us here but Mr Speaker and I've become the Prime Minister of Senusia so Mr Speaker I'm saying all that to tell you how life has a way of boomeranging it comes back at you Mr Speaker so that's why right now Mr Speaker all the guns literally and figuratively are aimed at me that's why Mr Speaker because of the facts that against all odds I want to thank again the men and women of here and the men and women of Labour Mr Speaker against all odds the change came so Mr Speaker this amendment hopefully we may have to come back we may have to come back because you see the health and security levy like that it impacts on all goods and services all goods so we may have to come back for an amendment but we'll be matured enough we'll be matured enough to come back and say to people these are the changes that we have to make Mr Speaker so Mr Speaker I implore members to support it Mr Speaker and I ask the Chamber of Commerce for the cooperation Mr Speaker because apart from the health Mr Speaker that situation about women sanitary I want to use a political political correct word what does the political means of health sanitary products sanitary products sanitary products sanitary products that's correct political sanitary products Mr Speaker Mr Speaker again he will feel it most knows it Mr Speaker Mr Speaker do you know that there are a number of young women who have to make a choice between buying bread for their children and buying and buying sanitary products Mr Speaker but well let our conscience what makes the solution what makes us why don't we have more empathy for our neighbor why can we stop allowing politics to remove our conscience to take off the humanity in our souls we need to be able so much that we have taken off all the humanity we have taken off all the reason because we lost government this is hurtful Mr Speaker for a set of men and women because they are not in government they are in the surrogates to expunge from their being any level of humanity or empathy so you want to criticize a government for removing taxes on its products Mr Speaker and you want to encourage people to attack the government for that instead of saying sanitary products thank you Mr Speaker thank you very much sanitary products you want to attack you want to encourage people to post on Facebook to take a tax from put it on thing and say look at what the government doing just to attack PA and the Labour Party we cannot get our country on a footing where we can collectively improve ourselves and they say to us we did the same thing in opposition we did not what we did in opposition was because of their behavior how they behaved they gave us further by their behavior so if they have come to the parliament if we have health and security level to fund health care we will oppose it you think you have come to parliament have a security level to support the police we will ever attack it you think you have come to parliament to remove that on sanitary products we would ever we will ever attack it you think you have come to parliament to remove that and build materials you think you will ever say that you don't eat plywood that's why we are Mr Speaker that's where we are that's where the opposition is exactly we don't eat plywood that's what they say and the other story is that we removed the vat and materials to make rich people billowses that's all you can sit you can sit at not me you can sit at not me you understand there are some things I can't see not me I mean Mr Speaker you think you can sit at that we move tax for rich people billowses and some people are calling a guy call and say anyhow forget that Mr Speaker I urge this honorable house to support the health and security level amendment thank you Mr Speaker


My thanks go to the Brain Foundation and I'm accepting this award on behalf of a couple of other co-investigators. As David said, I'm at Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney. I have a long interest in this research technique which I'll tell you about. My other collaborators are Professor Lynn Griffiths who is a neurogeneticist at Queensland University of Technology who has a well reputation with genetics and migraine and provides with some of the patients we'll be studying and those of my Masters of Philosophy students in UCheng. Happy birthday, Jim, and thank you for this grant that's named in your honour. Yes, sure. Professor Lancet, of course, is a luminary of Australian Neurology and has done a lot of research in headache and is an international reputation which is well deserved. This is an area which is relatively neglected, I think, in neurological education. I think you've heard a lot of worthy recipients here today for very many awards but I challenge you to perhaps think about the burden of migraine, one of the most common forms of headache. I'm a neurophysiologist of interest in neuromuscular diseases and ways of studying that and as part of my practice as well, I see a lot of headache patients and there's an interesting intersection that stirred my interest anyway in the pathophysiology of what's understood anyway of migraine but I need to take you back a little bit to the burden of migraine and how many people suffer from this. So there's a second most common neurological disorder and the global burden of disease in 2010 said it was the third most prevalent affecting some one billion people in the world. So the figures I kept in my head with that, there were around about one in six to eight women would suffer this and maybe one in 12 men but a recent Deloitte study that was commissioned studying our Australian population of 25 million people said 28.7% of women suffer from this, 11.7% of men. So this is of course from the milder forms to the more severe forms and that's like one in three women and one in eight men. That's five million people in a population now size of 25 million.  It's often working age and 30 to 44 is probably our peak age and the most staggering figure that is Deloitte study said there's some 36 billion people, 36 billion dollars that it was costing Australia. Now I'm not an economist but GDP two years ago was about 1.7 trillion Australian dollars. Quick back of the envelope calculations is that's 2% of GDP and one third of this would be in health and one third of in productivity. So very, very important topic and not just for the patient's health but also for the carers have to look after them. So my study utilizes a subgroup of patients with migraine admittedly a lot less common but since the application for this grant we actually are going to expand this to look for patients with more severe form of migraine that's out there in the community. So the monogenic forms of those that are caused by certain genes and we know at the moment and we've defined of three different types. One's a calcium channelopathy and the other one belongs to a gene called ATP1A2 and the other one is a sodium channelopathy. And so there are a few of these people have been defined and dotted around Australia and we hope to see whether these patients can give us some insight along with the patients with common or more severe forms of migraine using this technique. We think several lines of evidence point to the fact that we have a hyper excitability of a relay station called the trigeminal cervical nucleus. So this nerve from the fifth cranial nerve is relaying information back from the pain brain structures of the head and neck and there's a theory that has evolved over time that this nerves are firing inappropriately and that's causing a chain reaction and central sensitization which is priming these people who may have a genetic load already. Maybe not the monogenic form but in the more sporadic forms as well to predispose them to have this disease. So many neurophysiological tests have looked at this and they include patients who have been studied for pain thresholds which are either mechanical stimuli over the face and head and neck regions. Patients have had flashes stimulating their their visual circuitry and also reflexes where whereby we can look at stimulating nerves around the head and neck region and looking at the muscle responses measured from the head and neck region. For some time now and while suffering PhD supervisor Professor Burke and other workers internationally in fact Sydney is an epicenter for this research looking at nerve excitability. So some of you may have heard it before nerve conduction studies is what a few of you may have actually experienced when we applied this in clinical testing but this is actually looking at a different parameter where we see how easily the nerve is stimulatable by producing giving the nerve a current in the wrist. So in this way we can non-invasively study how easily the nerve is excited and make deductions based on computer programs and modeling as to which iron channels and which pumps are actually disordered in this condition. So not only do we get an insight into the pathophysiology of this disease which has been applied to many other neurological and nerve conditions we also perhaps may be able to study what it's like and its effect with very many different drugs that have now been put forward for the treatment of migraine including some more recent ones that you may have heard of such as botulinum toxin and the monoclonal antibodies against CGRP. So in this way we hope it's some sort of biomarker that can perhaps tell us which patients are more likely to respond to these various therapies. So once again thank you to Brain Foundation for this generous grant.