Hi everybody, welcome back to another installment of A Week in Geekdom here on YouTube. My name is Giovanna Menendez and today we're going to be talking about Sentient from Jeff Lemire and Gabrielle Walter. This is pretty interesting. First of all, I want to give a massive shout out to the guys over at TKOB for sending this my way so that I could review it on the Omnibus Collectors Network, but hey, I have my own channel, so I'm gonna go ahead and talk about it on my channel, right? So yeah, Sentient is the latest endeavor from the fan favorite Jeff Lemire and of course Gabrielle Walter. So yeah, here we have a space opera suspense thriller, if you will. It's action-packed, it has a deep level of intrigue.  There is a separatist attack that kills all the adults in this ship, the USS Montgomery. It is up to the ship's sentient AI, Valerie, to take care of things and all the children on board.  I had no idea what I was getting into. All I know going in was, hey, it's Jeff Lemire, it's a space adventure comic. Let's go. And I was pleasantly surprised. I mean, Jeff is renowned and people love his stuff. His books are just tightly written, fantastic characterizations. Everybody just, it feels real. When Jeff Lemire writes a book, you feel the realness of these characters and even though it may be underwater or in outer space or a superhero, you still feel that rawness of these characters and that is present in the sentient.  And, you know, we're past the, whenever you're doing that, you need to establish a base, right? And then eventually you start populating the colony with adults and children and all that stuff. Now, the action really sits in right away. It's only six issues. It's tightly constructed and from the moment that the story begins, there's this eerie presence to the book and I think it's because of its subject matter because it is set in space and that's why I love space stories. It's confined to one area even though it's a technological marvel, you know, to have this huge ship in space transporting, I don't know, 30 something people or something like that. I think 30 or close to 60 people. I can't remember the exact number but somewhere along those numbers. Just, you know, if the story were set on earth, even if the kids were left alone, you know, they can go out, they can do stuff on land or on the ocean or whatever. But in space, your options are extremely limited. You can only be on that ship.  What do you do? And it's thanks to the AI called Valerie that the kids can push through and the story can progress and there are politics thrown in sprinkled throughout. If you're not paying attention at first, it comes as a sudden shock but from the beginning, you're given these not so subtle clues as to what's about to happen with talks about violence on earth and people wanting to separate from the world governments and all that stuff. So that leads into the attack. And I'm not spoiling anything because that is the premise of the book right here in the back just in case anybody was wondering. And as soon as that happens, the intrigue and the fun aspect for the reader in this story is, you know, how are these kids going to survive? How are they gonna eat? How are they gonna live? Because they're at a point in the journey where it's like this radiation belt where the signal cuts off so nobody can help them right away. They can try and send signals but, you know, with interference and all that stuff with the space radiation and whatnot. Yeah, it's going to be extremely difficult to get help either from the colony or from earth. With a book like this, you know, the protagonist being children, you would think the story would be bogged down. But no, I found it extremely interesting that kids are really fantastically well-written characters. Isaac and Lil come to mind, you know, the two main leads, if you will. They are fantastic kids and the strength and the resilience and just the amount of tragedy that falls on them and how they react and how they lead this group of small children to, you know, to continue moving onward or success or failure is the heart and soul of this book and the unity that forms because of it and how, you know, the human condition, you know, when we're faced with something as tragic as loss, how do we keep moving forward regardless of the setting? It might have been in the past, it might be thousands of years in the future. Those themes are always going to be there and they're always going to be pretty freaking universal if you ask me. So on that aspect, I thought the book was a hit. There's six issues. Once you start reading it, you will not want to stop. It's a very quick read, even though the page count is heavy because it's six issues. I thought it was pretty exciting and riveting. If you like sci-fi with a dash of suspense and horror elements, you're going to be right at home with sentient. I thought it was fantastic. Now what are the aspects that I think a lot of people are going to be intrigued about is the art. A lot of sci-fi depend heavily on the construction of its setting.  The ship has to be a part of the story. It's almost a silent character in the whole narrative, especially with Valerie being an AI. You don't see her but you hear her word bubbles and stuff and you see the computer screen in blue so you know it's her talking with a female voice as described in the book. So it really has to make an impact and what better way to get an impact with Walta's designs and art. I just think they look freaking fantastic if you ask me. Really awesome stuff. I love the muted colors and the contrast between the techy stuff and just the isolation and the coldness of the ship and space and all that stuff just plays beautifully and I think Walta does a really good job on that. Also I try not to show anything that might spoil some things because there are a couple surprises and you're wondering how these kids are going to survive so there are a couple mysteries. Here's another shot I like Lil, Isaac, all the kids. Usually like Val, Valerie or Val as the kids call her she'll take possession of vehicles and mechanical stuff in the ship so you do sort of see an aspect of that character like there's a physicality to it even though it's a robot or whatever. As for a back matter in the book there isn't much. Original cover art from Walta. So you just get covers. I would have liked maybe some sketches stuff like that. Here's a cool cover that might pique your interest. Yeah I wish we could have maybe some sketches behind the scenes or a few lines of the script and all that stuff. I always like looking at that but the overall build of this trade is really awesome. It's super tall by the way. Pages are really smooth to the touch which I appreciated and it just makes everything pop a little bit more. Here's some more artwork. Stuff like this highlights what I mentioned about the coldness of space. So yeah overall I think it is a fantastic read. Really interesting premise just you know we constantly read and enjoy stories about space sci-fi stories and survival stories but grouping all of these tropes together with the innocence of kids and how they survive in a drastic situation. I think Jeff LeMere handled it perfectly and did a really good job. It's self-contained. Six issues. You can read them and be done with it but there is enough intrigue at the end where I'm like I could very well see a volume two spinning out of this somehow but yeah check it out if you can. I think you will like it. The art is fantastic and like I said the writing and the characters all that stuff is really interesting and I think it is going to be worth your time. Once again thank you to TKO Studios for sending this my way. I am so happy about that. I am thrilled and whenever I get the chance to read something new and refreshing that's awesome. Have you read Sentient? If not let me know what are some of your favorite survival stories and comic books. I'm pretty interested in finding out. Guys as always you can follow me on your favorite social media platform Facebook Twitter Instagram all that fun stuff. Of course you can like comment and subscribe here on this channel. Hit the little bell icon so you know when new videos pop up and that's it. We'll be back pretty soon with more TKO reviews. I will catch all of you on our next episode.


Okay, it's 5 30 Let's start the meeting Roll call let the record show that Alderperson Donahue is excused Call the meeting to order. Please join me in the Pledge of Allegiance. I Pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands one nation under God Indivisible with liberty and justice for all Next Cheryl you're pretty pretty well familiar with city staff. Do you want me to enter us to introduce ourselves? I think we're good. All right 2.1 is approval of the minutes from the October 12 2020 Meeting I'll I'll enter in entertain a motion move to approve Second We have a motion and a second to approve the minutes from October 12 any discussions All in favor aye. Aye Vice chair votes aye motion carries Next we have items for discussion only 3.1 the sale of 11 million four hundred and thirty five thousand dollars taxable general obligation refunding bonds series series 2020 D Carol Okay. Thank you. All right now I'm going to try to share my report with you and Move through this information. So we'll see if I can make it happen All right, so I'm going to start with the first page of my report and at the top It does start with the 11 million four thirty five taxable geobahn and the next line says the new issue size When we adopted the preliminary resolutions, it did say an approximate amount The issue size will change depending on the interest rate and the fact that we are borrowing to Provide for certain interest payments. Carol. Okay, Carol. Can you Carol? Can you pause? Can you pause for a second? I just want to make sure can any of the elders remotely see the presentation No, no we can okay. Just give us one second and we'll see if we can't get that corrected Carol did you click on share your screen? Now it's getting closer in council chambers. We can see it and online Okay, now we've got it. Oh, perfect. Okay. Thank you Okay, so my next observation is and you make the printing larger It does not fill up the whole screen Let's see if I can see any hints for me I mean, it's better you you should be able to on the right hand side There should be a little plus and minus symbol if you press the plus symbol you can make it bigger or the top of your screen On your end. I got it. Okay, Carol. I'm good. Oh good. Thank you. Thanks for the help going to start with the fact that the issue size is now 11 million five hundred and ten thousand dollars and That issue size walks away depending on the actual interest rate that we received today because part of this borrowing is for Interest payments that will be paid out on the refunding bonds between 22 23 and 24 so With that, I'm just going to go into the background of the issue and then come forward with how we got to the issue size and the interest rate Now as the background We're going back to 2018 Where the city issued the NAND that was in the amount of 10 million four ninety This was the fund a portion of today team business park development That was the eligible piece for the taxes and financing that were also Long-term financing structured out for some of the taxable purposes in 2018 the NANDs are a short-term form of construction financing they're basically used to fund a project before a Revenue stream is available to support a long-term debt They're not a general obligation of the city However, the city does have to reserve general obligation debt capacity For the refinancing because the refinancing would be general obligation The other thing about a NAND is because it's not geo the city cannot levy for principal or interest payments and Therefore the NANDs were sized as I mentioned for the project for issuance expenses and some capitalized interest for 1819 it was the intention to refinance them with 20 years general obligation refunding bonds at the time of revenue stream would become available and I'm showing you there is a payment schedule Which is payments from June 1st of 2021? through June 1st of 2023 when the principal comes to Okay, in the meantime, there's only interest payments to be paid Now due to the pandemic Economic development has flowed into the team during 2020 and increment is currently not available nor able to be projected with certainty at this time so Although the city does anticipate that general obligation debt incurred for this development to be supported by revenue generated in today team The NANDs themselves have a prepayment feature starting June 1st of 2021 So we can use a special form of refinancing called advanced refunding That allows the city to refinance the NANDs prior to that prepayment date But we can only do that using taxable general obligation refunding bonds Proceeds of these bonds will purchase US Treasury obligations known as floods and they will be placed with an Astro agent and that Funds will pay off the principal of that 10 million 490 and the June 1 interest payment of that 190,131 on June 1st Now moving forward on September 14 sorry a Report was presented to finance and personnel regarding advanced refunding the NANDs with a taxable Geo refunding bond The historically low interest rate offered and opportunities to lock in 20 year financing So the projected true interest cost was at my report in September a 1.93% and Again, the bonds would provide funding for the purchase of the floods the issuance expenses and capitalized interest for 2022 through 2024 So as general obligation depth the tax levy will provide the security For these payments, but as increment becomes available. It will be used to offset the levy So we prepared for the market as we do for all issues We coordinated with forals for your legal documents We prepared and distributed an official statement and a notice of sales and we also went through the bond rating application process The result is Moody's did reaffirm a double a to bomb ratings and there is a report attached This is credit report, but when we do a financing without a new updated Audit, which of course there would be no update to the 2019 audit they give us what's called a press release So it's a very shortened version of a credit report That is included here in the biz received this morning We received three vids and they're listed there And the successful winning bidder came in at a two point one five percent So as you will notice the two point one five percent is higher than the one point nine three back in September we have been monitoring these interest rates and Today when the biz came in at a two point one five percent We get a lot of market research to provide to the city for Making the award tonight and that includes the information I've provided in this report on market which shows that The municipal bond market has experienced a very heavy volume of Pactable municipal curi securities both last week and it's scheduled to Also have that same volume this week So when you have that much volume hitting the marketplace and again generated by a lot of interest due to low interest rates It starts to put pressure on those rates because there's a lot of volume in the market And so in order to attract the investor interest rates start to to rise so That's one of the main reasons why their interest rate rose and when the interest rate rose That also of course raises the interest on the kept interest So that's why the issue size went from eleven million four thirty five to the eleven million five camps They driven by the by the kept interest The other thing is that this morning there was volatility occurring The first of all there were 41 sales today alone in the marketplace There was volatility or is it related to possibility or not of a stimulus bill and also articles were popping up right about that same time as your sale about In certain people's views they might be seeing some Experienced election jitters, which is very common I can't tell you for sure if the election jitters are coming into play here as the first time I've seen that reference in our in our publications, but Definitely the volume is record volume of taxable both last week and this week So that makes sense the more supply you chaos the pressure on on the rate So therefore looking at a two fifteen and twenty year bond the taxable rate You know, of course, we would love to hit the 193 But with that you can see through the tight bidding the three rates. We did receive was very tight And also I took a look back in 2018 when we went through The city did do a 20 year bond Passable bond and the true interest cost at that time in 2018 was four point one nine percent So just for market comparison, I took the rates from that issue back in 2018 and I applied it to this issue and you'll see that the difference in the principal amount would have been twelve million three hundred and sixty thousand dollars instead of the eleven million five ten and The additional debt service when compared to this issue at a two fifteen would have been about another four point one million dollars So that's kind of helped put in for into perspective The fact that even though we're not at the one ninety three The two fifteen now at the 20 year bonds compared to two fifteen I'm sorry at four nineteen back in 2018. I think can still give us some comfort in knowing that we're still hitting the very very good time for locking in the 20 year rates The helpful action on the final award resolution which has been prepared in the final dollar amount We'll lock in the principal amount and interest rates It will award the bonds to the winning bidder Piper Sammler It appoints associated trust company to access that expo agent so that they can order the slugs and and pay for them when the Funds are delivered which goes into the next section on Closing and delivery of fun November 16th is the closing the money will be distributed number one to the escrow agent to pay for the slugs the 659,000 comes to the city and is deposited to pay capitalized interest and You'll see that on the schedule. That's below. You see the column If you go all the way to the right-hand side of the page and then go to the column that Capitalized interest you'll see three years there that total that's 656,000 and then there's some little excess proceeds that goes on top of that so that all of that will come to the city and The expenses of issuance will be paid by the winning bidder And so I listed those by the underwriter municipal visor bond council rating and extra wages So that's the retirement schedule, you'll see principal starts in the year 2025 Because you have kept interest in those first three years and then we have an interest only payment in 24 And that's what we're hoping that by that time we'll see a sufficient increment generated to start covering some of that debt service and Then we have the final year in 2040 which is the longest that we can go out for 20 year bonds and Then I am showing you a tip number 18 cash flow Which this cash flow? shows you the first column on the left all of the issues outstanding there's three issues outstanding a debt service for 2018 now this including this issue that is the final debt service for all issues and Then moving over to the right. We have the capitalized interest that has been borrowed for all of those issues combined And then we have the updated projected tax increments So this is a column that was the city had updated prior to doing the financing and Again, it's everyone's you know best estimates and trying to project what development may reasonably occur And then we have the balance column in terms of what is covered and what is not covered by these projected increments The bottom part of the schedule is the final pricing Which shows you that as a taxable the columns of coupon and yield Which is the yield column is the market and in this case the coupon column is the same And that's because a taxable is frequently bought at a disc as a discount bond And that's what happened here. The underwriter just discounted these which means he keeps the hundred and seventy six thousand three eleven and He pays all the expenses with them and then the purchase price is what goes back to the city and The discount is taken into consideration in the true interest cost or rate that's on the very last line the next page is the What's called the Moody's a press release instead of a full-fledged credit report? Moody's issues a press release at this time. And so what it does is very short. It just has a Statement that Moody's has assigned the double a to and it also reaffirms the double a to rating on all of your outstanding general obligation debt And the rating rationale Is it's basically the same line that's taken out of your your complete credit report where it says it reflects the city's strong Financial position moderate debt retention burden and solid tax-based Below average resident income levels and then your credit report would have a paragraph that discusses each of those The coronavirus paragraph is something that they're putting in Everybody's credit report, but it's nice to see that they also say we do not see any material impact any material immediate credit risk for shabuigan the rating outlook and factors that could lead to a rating up or down are the same as They have been in prior reports to me it does list the legal security as general obligations The proceeds indicates what the money will be used for basic Profile of the city and then it gets into some Moody's disclaimers Those are all pages of the slayers and then we have the final award resolution And as you'll see it starts with the title in the dollar amount of 11 million five times It has a number of where as which is basically reciting history Saying the same thing of what the city did back in 2018 The city did adopt a step-sale resolution saying that we were going to move forward to do a refunding and take this We did a notice of sale that was distributed telling underwriters how to place their bid and then we get into the The fact that I'm just going to back up here That the city Second we're asking the bottom Saying that there was a notice of sale that is now an exhibit attached to this resolution and that we also did publish in different Industry publications and I put the sale on calendars the next page has the fact that we received this and Exhibit B will be the big tabulation that you've seen in my report And then it goes into the fact that you receive a bid from the Winning bidder and they're calling that the proposal which is also attached as exhibit C So these attachments is what makes the difference between your draft resolution that you may have seen to this Final award resolution is the attachment of those as well as of course the increase to the issue side So the rest of the resolution I don't ever like to call resolutions of boilerplate document, but I will say that it's prepared any format Exactly the way every sale general obligation sale document is prepared in terms of Authorizing the issuance the terms of the bond under payable principal nentures call features There's a tax levy Associated but as I mentioned as increment is available You are able to offset the tax levy as well as it is a tax levy for the 21 payments Which you will not have to levy for because you will have to capitalize interest to offset that so so all of this is standard general obligation language the fact that you will have a debt service fund the fact that you will use the money for F growing to buy those securities to take care of those nans Section scrolling through here approving of the official statement that went out that was reviewed by city administration Providing undertaking to Continue disclosure in the marketplace and we do take care of that for you and here is the assignment of the escrow agents So that will take care of the flood already have been subscribed for so that's in this resolution So the resolution itself ends on page nine That's the body of the resolution everything else is an exhibit and so As I mentioned today, I'm going to scroll through this very quickly. That's your notice of sale that document itself goes on Or right there for five pages and then there's another exhibit, which is the big tab And that's the exhibit is the winning bid and this is something you haven't seen but this is the bid form so it consists of two pages it is signed by the winning bidder and Does make reference to the change at the bottom because they obviously bid on it as 11 million 435 So that's how they're there the basis of the award and then we communicate with him to Agree to the numbers on the resizing so that's the bid form and The pricing summer you have seen already in my report. That's that table and the debt service schedule you have seen This is on a semi-annual basis. So that's that schedule And this is a form of bond. It's just one bond prepared for each principal amount. So this is a template so That is I believe the end of our That's the end of the Document So can I answer any questions? Any questions from the committee? Yes, this is for Would you go back to the page just before the Moody's document, which is a long way back Yeah Moody's logo Okay, no, you're right. That was it right there page number Okay, okay. Yeah number four The final pricing Summary the coupon the yield the maturity value the price the dollar price Would you would you go through the rationale for that again? Okay The purpose of this page is number one the most important Starting point is the yield column. Yes. The yield column is market Okay, an investor That wants to purchase the bond I look to the number one What is the credit quality and number two? How long does he want to invest for? Right. He wants to invest very short. He'll buy something on the front end there No, you know first five years if I know as he goes out longer. He gets more yield so back and Or mid-September let's say when I gave my last report those yield columns obviously were lower And so that's where you'll instantly know that there's a difference in the market because That is the market and so soon as I seen the yields. I knew that you know market was off And so that's what we started the investigation about okay What's driving the market up and then we got all kinds of feedback about the reason markets up is because of how many billions of dollars of Pactables are starting to drive the market up and those investors That you know, we're in it last week and bought their billions of dollars worth now. We have the same level of sales schedule in this week, so I Did not track the sales that took place this afternoon Because we were working out some of the revisions with the wing bitter in terms of the resize And it'll be interesting to see if the sales that occurred in the afternoon Experienced more pressure on interest rates than if those interest those yields would have gotten higher Throughout the day and we'll get higher throughout the week as more sales come into the into the market So you anticipate that more sales will come into the market. Oh, yeah, definitely. They're on the calendar already They're on the calendar. They had 41 on the calendar for today alone Okay, so yes, definitely So in this case the coupon column is mirroring the yield column, so and that's just the reflection of how a taxable bond is bought Right. Thank you. Yeah, any other questions? Carol I had one what was that back from 2018? What was that 12 million dollar figure you gave? I couldn't write it fast enough. Okay, the 12 million dollar figure is And that's 12 million. It's kind of you can see at the bottom here 12 million $360,000 that would have been the right. Thank you. Thank you very much Marty, I don't I can't speak for the rest of the committee But I would like a copy of this Not the whole resolution just the the winning bidder and the and the moody's report if you could email that out to us tomorrow Yes, I will we just couldn't for public director or open meetings law as we couldn't send it out before this because it wouldn't have met the time frame. I Understand is there any other questions? Thomas or Chuck Do we have a resolution that I mean When it comes when this comes up in the agenda tonight, what will be the revised the revised language for passage Or do you want to wait until that comes up and then give it to us? No, I think it can be dealt with at tonight's meeting Okay, it would be an ocean to amend essentially to reflect the changes that Carol just walked you through Okay Okay, any any anything else from anybody on the committee? Okay, our our next meeting would will be on October 26 2020 I'll entertain entertain a motion to adjourn so moved We have a motion and a second to adjourn all in favor. Aye. Aye. Aye chair votes aye. We are adjourned. Thank you for your time tonight


How the elephant got its trunk, written by Robert James, and illustrated by Gary Falia, left theory. Long ago, the elephant had a short nose. It wasn't long, it was short. Baby elephant was always asking questions. Who? Why? What? How?  Nobody would tell him. So baby elephant asked bird, go to the river and find out, replied bird. There, baby elephant saw an animal that looked like a log. Are you crocodile? he asked. Yes, said crocodile. Baby elephant asked crocodile, what do you eat for dinner? Crocodile said, come closer and I'll tell you. Crocodile bit baby elephant's short nose, cried baby elephant. Baby elephant pulled and pulled. His nose got longer and longer, and that is how the elephant got its long trunk.


You need a financial advisor with the freedom to focus on your specific needs. Whatever your goals, Reid Potter can create a game plan tailored to you. Call Reid at 432-0777 at Pikeville, Kentucky to learn more. For most, the holidays mean spending times with friends and family, making memories to enjoy for years to come. But for some, even these happy moments can lead to elevated levels of stress and anxiety. To that end, we spoke with Michelle Martel, Director of Clinical Training at the University of Kentucky for some general tips on how best to manage stress and enjoy your holidays as much as possible this year. There's definitely a seasonal component, especially to depression. Some people really have what we call cyclical depression where it worsens in the winter. It's where, why, for example, Seattle has some of the highest rates of depression because it's so kind of gray and rainy there all year around. But obviously, also, there's a lot of stressors that can come up at the holidays that are specific to the holidays and that can worsen both depression and anxiety. I would say, first of all, just remember that's very normal a lot. I would say maybe most people are dealing with increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. So just remind yourself you're in good company. I also always suggest self-compassion, which is just a fancy way of saying, try to be kind to yourself. Remember that this can be a really stressful time of year, not just because the season and the, you know, longer dark hours and the colder weather can negatively impact mood, but also because there's a ton of other stressors as well, right? Planning family dinners, buying gifts that can cause financial strain. If you have lost any loved ones in the last few years, this time of year can be tough to get through with those memories. So there's all kinds of reasons that this time.


Good afternoon everyone. Welcome to this thematic session on librarians. My name is Michiel Jong, I'm from the Delft University of Technology, and I will be the session chair this afternoon. Yeah, just a quick notice. The presentations will be 20 minutes each. After 15 minutes, I'll give the speakers a reminder that's five minutes remaining, and then hopefully we can build in some time for questions at the end. If you have a question, feel free to come to the front and grab one of the microphones. They are all supposed to work, or if you feel more comfortable shouting your question to the front. That's fine with me as well. If the speaker can't hear you, I'll repeat the question for him. And with that, I think it's about time that we start. So our first speaker for today is Axel Klinger from Hanover, Germany, and I'll leave it to him to introduce himself. Thank you, Axel. Yes, thank you very much. Hello everyone, and good afternoon. My name is Axel Klinger from the Technische Informations Bibliothek in Hanover, Germany. And I would like to present you our recent project on open medication resources, which is about an open medication resources search index, abbreviated as IRC. And this is a collaborative project between the University Library Center of North Rhine-Westphalia and Technische Informations Bibliothek in Hanover. So, getting into a short agenda, it's about what I would like to tell you. What is the IRC? Why do we need the IRC? And as well as how to extend the IRC for further repositories. And then one of the current topics that we have is internationalization. So how to bring together international multilingual, cross-lingual repositories. And some view on a kind of repositories that we have in mind, which is based on GitLab. So first of all, the IRC is a light-white search index where we connect different heterogeneous repositories from all over Germany for now, and which is available at IRC.org on the web. And the thing is about the technology stack that we have an elastic search, back-end, a reactive search, front-end, and there's a connection with MetaFacture to have an interface to connect different repositories as well. The whole project is open-sourcing, could be reused for other projects as well, if you are interested in building a regional search index, for example, to harvest information from learning management systems or regional university repositories. So you could just set up an equal search index and connect this later on, again to the IRC, for example. So why do we need an IRC? When we first started to create a regional repository for the universities of Lower Saxony in Germany, then we saw there were a lot of other repositories as well, arising from federated states, universities, and so on. And the problem is that with every new repository that comes ahead, the effort for teachers is getting more and more hard to find the right resources for them as they have to search in different repositories. So the idea was to bring them all together to have one entry point for search. And that would also be a benefit of each repository if we don't have multiple small repositories with a little amount of content, then it's not relevant enough. But if we bring that all together to summarize it, it would be more relevant for teachers to find stuff for their subject, their topics, and so on. So just one example is our local repository, which is called Twillow, and available at twillow.de, which is for Lower Saxony and funded by the Ministry of Science and Culture in Hannover, Germany. This repository is hosted by the Technische Informations Bibliotheque as well, and that is just one example that is based on Edu-sharing, an open source software which is a content management system, or let's say a document management system where teachers can work together in a closed workspace and later on publish their work as open educational resources with the right license. And in the same way, there have been a lot of other repositories from universities like Darmstadt or Düsseldorf or other federated states in Germany, like Bavaria or Nordstein-Westphalia, Baden-Württemberg, for example, and those need to be brought together in one place. And that's the idea that we had our current approach to create a network of open educational repositories, educational resources repositories. And it's not about just a hierarchical structure where we harvest all the repositories, but the idea is that we bring it back to the repositories themselves, that they could include the overall search index by carrying an API from the search index. And so this is what we have tried out with Twillow or Orca for Nordstein-Westphalia as well. They just call all the search queries directly on the earthy and bring back the results of the query into their front end of the repository. So that's the idea to have some kind of bidirectional connections between repositories and the search index. Just about a few words, how to extend this earthy search index is that we have in the main place the modular ETL import process, which is based on the MetaFacture framework. And there we have some kind of domain-specific language for harvesting repositories, which is great if we have similar kind of repositories like multiple instances of Edu-sharing, for example, we could reuse those scripts in order to have a lightweight import process. And the other way that we also use is just having other scripting languages. In our case, it's mostly Python that we use to connect to repositories that are not standardized, that don't have an API, for example, or a sitemap, and where it's a little bit harder to pass the content, which is very individual. So both it's possible to bring in new repositories. And if you have any idea or suggestion which repository could be great to be integrated in some kind of global index, then just use the contact form and get in contact with us. We will check what is possible to include university repositories or other regional repositories as well. So getting to the idea of internationalization, we see that within the German repositories we already have different content in English language, for example, or some content also in French or Italian language. And the idea is to support repositories from outside of Germany as well and also different languages to search across the languages. And the idea is not to translate the content of the Open Educational Resources, but to map the search query by finding the same search term in another language. And this is not done by translation in our case, but we all only use the query of wiki data or the mapping that exists in wiki data. And for all the keywords that we have in the search index, we query all them from wiki data, look what mapping is existing between those languages. And then we can search in one language and get out content of Open Educational Resources also in different other languages. So the current state of this approach is that we have supported the translation of our user interface and vocabulary as well by getting some kind of first version automatic translation. And later on we have curation process for the user interface and the vocabulary for subjects or resource types. And we have translated both of those components in German, English, and last month also in Ukrainian language. And for the keyword mapping, this is a completely automatic process where we don't have any curation because it's about 30,000 to 40,000 words that we have translated. But those are done with a simple automated process and we have regular updates to get new translations or updates of the existing translations as well. And the first approach shows that we have a coverage of about 60 to 30% for the more widespread languages like English, French, or Spanish. And even for the smaller languages like Dutch or Danish or Ukrainian, we have about 45 to 55% of mappings for keywords, which are mostly the keywords that are more used than others. And this is our first approach and we try to get better with this by optimizing the set of keywords that are selected by filtering some kind of keywords that are not set that much relevant for this. And so we also try to minimize the time that's necessary to translate the whole application into other languages. So you could, even for now, try out the result of such search by, for example, the word climate change that we have as an overall first example, but you could also type in some other subject topic, whatever, to find out if there is a matching search result on this. Just for the example of climate change, we get about 262 results in different languages. Then you can choose which language you would like to have some content in. So that could be helpful for international students who would like to go to another country, need the related subject specific content for their own subject or a specific topic. For example, yes, that's the current state of the approach of internationalization and just a few words at the end I would like to have for a different kind of repositories that we connect to. So one of these examples was that we use either sharing for our local repository, but we also have some approaches on using GitLab as a repository or backend for open educational resources. So GitLab is an open source version control system that's mainly used for software projects where we can store and have different versions of source code, but we could also use this for files, text files like Markdown or LaTeX that could be used for any other kind of interesting materials, not only for teachers, but also for students. So for example, we could start with a thesis as a student and later on use it for projects to work together and collaborate on this platform and we could create textbooks or interactive course materials as well on GitLab and later on bring those materials directly by harvesting GitLab instances into a central index like the RC for open educational resources. Just to give you a short example, how we have done so is that we have some experiments with old thesis, for example, from my side where I just tried to write it down in Markdown. I translated an old thesis from a work document within two or three hours it was into Markdown file and later on from Markdown I can generate HTML file, a PDF file or even ebook files in the EPUB format to get some more modern format of output than only the PDF form which is paper based and not that good readable, let's say, on mobile devices, for example. And we can also use those output formats as templates in order to prepare the technical process for also other teachers who are not familiar with GitLab and the technical processes. They just need to copy a template project and can then fill in their content and easily create the same interactive results for their courses. One example I also would like to show you here is a very simple example from the framework of LeaScript. LeaScript is some kind of interpreter where you don't need any extension in the GitLab project, you just need a Markdown file and if you point to the URL from the raw Markdown file and put it into the LeaScript website, you will get a rendered course material and there are a lot of examples on the website of leaScript.github.io that you could easily reuse and just try out to make some interactive courses with interesting features. One thing to think about if you use or think about using GitLab as a repository is that we also need some meta data in order to find the materials, the right repositories to include into a search index. And that could be for example, that we prevent a simple text file like a YAML file but it's hard to write it down by hand and so maybe we can just provide a simple form that we do with the GitLab page that could be shared in other projects or in a template file to support the authors by bringing in the necessary information that we will use for the RC to bring together all this harmonized meta data. That's just one proof of concept but it could easily reuse in other contexts as well. So just a few last words that I would like to give you is how to contribute to this project if you're interested in extending this functionality. So the easiest thing is to just context us for questions, feedback, suggestions by the contact form on the side of RC.org or if you're a more technical person you can rise an issue for a feature request or a bug report or even contribute to the project by as an open source project by just creating a pull request for this. And if you're interested just contact us for reusing or integrating RC in other platforms that would be even interesting for us because we would like to spread it out into a connected distributed network of open educational resources. So just as a short conclusion the idea is to have open source projects like the RC or GitLab to create a network of open educational resources that could be easily set up on different places and connected to each other and that would be a pragmatic solution even if it's some kind of proof of concept in some components but it's easy for those who don't yet have any solution in their place and want to build it with a minimum effort to create one of those components. That's it from my side and thank you for your attention. If you have questions, yes, please. Thank you, Axel. Yeah, there's room for questions. I found a wireless mic so I can just walk up to anyone with questions. Hi, Patricia Serrano from University of Nantes. I have several questions but maybe we will talk later but right now I would like to know how do you collect words, key words? I mean, there is an analysis of resource and also it's related. Those resources are only a text or also, I don't know, code or videos or something else. So you mean the key words on the resources themselves. This is as we have different resources connected depending on each source. For example, repository Twillow that we have in North Saxony, each author is responsible to put in some key words and so it's hard to harmonize it. We have some open key words and we have also some sets of key words that could be assigned but there's no general approach for all of those sources. Okay, so key words have the same relevance. Yeah. Okay. And any other questions for Axel at this time? Yeah. I have many questions and we will talk later but how are you ranking the results? What sort of, how do you decide what to show first? So that's a good question and we don't have an answer at the moment. So we think about having at least an order by date but for the moment we do not even have this because the repositories that we connect just have about 10% of their data really assigned with a creation date or a publication date and even those are heterogeneous by meaning and therefore we don't yet have a ranking on this. We have a good filtering mechanism where you can just see which one you need to reduce the set of results but we don't have a ranking yet. Well, actually follow up question. What, I wasn't familiar with Wiki data yet but is that the, like what defines categories? Is that defining categories of information? Like how are you, what metadata schema is being used to put in resources? Like how do you know it's engineering or? So the result that we get out if you have Sparkle queries on Wiki data is that we got just get a simple CSV file that what we use for the index later on to create the synonyms but we don't have a real schema list. So it's just what Wiki data has with all the terms and we just put out this and flatten it. Gotcha. Okay, so you're just collecting everything and showing everything. There's no, you're not putting things into buckets of subjects. No. Okay, cool. All right, so that's all the time we have for questions. Axel, thank you once more and I'd like to invite Christina and Brian up to the stage. Thank you.