So, hi friends. So, we go for May month Yojana, title Social Security. In that there are three articles we are going to see. Empowerment of Divya Angjan. And second one is Digital Service Delivery. Third one is Safeguarding Children. So, in that we go for the first one. So, recently paragraph one. So, paragraph two. Paragraph three. So, recently a Prime Minister coined the term Divya Angjan. So, sorry my pronunciation is wrong. So, it is a Hindi term. So, this relates to persons of disability. So, we call them person of disability or differentially abled. So, this is a term used for the people. This disability are various categories as we all exposed to that in our childhood days and also in our society correct. People with special conditions. And recently a Prime Minister behind to give greater focus on people with disabilities. So, this clearly indicates the intention of the government to integrate disadvantaged sections. People with disabilities part of disadvantaged sections in a society. So, our Prime Minister was clear in the objective they should be also part of our development benefits. So, he even termed the term this word to indicate them. It will be with the positive connotation. So, that is paragraph one. So, paragraph two. So, to that supporting to the paragraph one, what government has taken as an action is, they have created this department of paragraph two. So, government has created this department of empowerment. Empowerment of persons with disability, which is under Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. So, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. So, this where we can relate as this topic can be related to our GS paper two that is social justice where these topics we can relate there. So, one regarding social security is part of the social justice. So, in that they are focusing on this people with disabilities. And the second paragraph says government has created a new department or Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. And the main primary objective of this department is to have an outreach program. So, outreach activities. So, government will go in in line with the expectations of the Prime Minister to serve the people with disabilities. That is for that they go for this outreach activities. They go and find the people with differential abilities or disabilities and they try to empower them. That is outreach program and that is done through various policies and programs. So, this area where we need to be aware of it, where UPC questions can be asked specific on the policies and programs. So, in this coming paragraphs we will see what are these articles says about it. So, in paragraph three so, we have this UN convention on rights of persons person with disability. So, already India has signed an UN convention. So, it is an international convention where India is a member of it and they have signed this convention saying that our government will provide rights to the person with disabilities. So, that is always a commitment made to the global forum. So, based on that what are the actions taken by the government. So, it was again the year of 2016. The year is given. So, rights of person. So, rights of person with disabilities act. So, this was passed in the year of 2016. And this can be an point where you write an question regarding inclusive growth or a question regarding social justice. So, this can be a point you can add. So, by the year of 2016 government has created an act especially focusing on differentiable people. So, that is what and their primary objective of this act is to increase or broaden the horizon of rights and entitlements rights and entitlements for the person with disabilities and also safeguarding their rights. Safeguards for protecting their rights. So, the primary objective of this act is to identify what are the rights to be given for person with disabilities and also how to safeguard them. So, this is the intention of this particular act. So, again paragraph 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. So, in paragraph 1 as per the act what are the provisions being given. So, these are factual statements which we can use it for our answers to substantiate. So, what they have said is regarding reservation. So, the primary thing what government does is especially for people with disability they focus on reservation and to empower them. So, reservation should be in two primary areas. So, one is regarding education and job opportunities. So, these are the two areas where under this act some reservation norms are given. So, for educational background that is what it says reservation is increased for 5 percentage with benchmark disability. What is benchmark disability is person having 40 percentage of disability or more that is called benchmark disability for them there will be a 5 percentage reservation in education institutions. So, that is one and in government aided higher education that is 4 percentage. So, 4 percentage in government educated institutions and whereas government jobs especially top level jobs to the clerical level jobs. So, we have this department of personal and training who are implementing this particular reservations for government jobs. So, that is a fact given here. Next thing is unique. So, disability index. So, identity. So, identity. So, UDID project. So, government this is from the year of 2015-16. From the year of 2015-16. So, government is creating a unique ID for people with disabilities. So, that is the project being done and some facts are given. So, it was started in the year of 2017 Madhya Pradesh and so far 70 lakh UDIDs are provided in 715 districts. So, please understand this is recognizing this people with disability through an ID is one important action of a government which clearly moves the government towards empowerment because first and foremost thing government need to know who are the people with disabilities. For them they give an identification which helps the government to make policy additions and programs they have the required data throughout this identification. So, there is a greater benefit of this identification though it seems to be a simple activity of the government providing an ID. So, with this ID lot of positive things can happen in the life of people with disabilities. So, this can be used as a point for again inclusive growth or social security or to be very specific on people with differential ability. So, all this can be as a point you can use this paragraph 2. The next thing is paragraph 3. So, Prime Minister, so in the year of 2015 he was very specific on accessible India campaign.  So, mostly there will be lot of challenges for them accessing a public places or accessing public transportations. So, all the biggest challenges for people with disability because the infrastructures or the transport mechanisms will not be designed for the people with disability because their numbers are very less. So, any design features will not take that into consideration. To set right that thing in the year of 2015 our Prime Minister came out with this accessible India campaign. Even advertisements are made during the time. So, and they have given some factual numbers. It is not mandatory for you to remember all the facts, but I listed some of the important facts which you can use it for your answer writing which makes your answer very unique. And for a they have given examples. So, 103 central government buildings are made accessible and the most important thing is 35 international airports. So, 35 international airports and 55 domestic airports are made accessible for people with disability. What are that accessible aspect is one is ramps. So, they can easily move and they have this help desk help desk toilets especially for people with disabilities are being created. And right now in India also 709 railway stations. So, railway stations are being accessible for people with disabilities and lot of other facts are given. And another thing is they have given 603 state government state government and 95 union government websites. So, websites are accessible for people with disabilities. So, this you can put as a tabular column for any question very specific on differentiable people what are the measures taken by in India. You can put this accessible India campaign and these are the data given by the government. How they are making the public infrastructures and public places accessible or inclusive for people with disabilities. So, it is a very factual thing it is not required to remember all these things which can get the attention of the examiner from mains point of view this is airports and railway stations you can code it down. So, that is given in paragraph 4. Next thing is paragraph 5. So, paragraph 5. So, they also created ministry also created this Sugamya Bharat app. So, this is the app focusing on crowdsourcing. So, this clearly indicates how government is using the modern technologies for the benefit of a disadvantage section especially this app is focusing on identifying the problems of differentiable people. So, for that only this app was created especially related to accessibility. So, that is the next thing is paragraph 1 2 3 4 5. So, in paragraph 1. So, under department of improvement of people with disability. So, 14 yearly intervention centers. So, intervention centers are being identified by the government. So, the disability is a progressive one. So, once family able to identify the disability in early stages government is ready to help them. So, they have created this fully 14 early intervention centers. So, disabilities can be the consequence of disability can be minimized because of early intervention. So, that is what government is doing and this department is working on it and their 14 place are being identified location is not required just have this in mind. And this are more what the primary activity of this intervention centers are for mostly they focus on. So, therapeutic services like speech therapy, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, behavioral therapy. So, all therapeutic things are being done parental and peer counseling is given. So, ultimately children especially with differential ability or physical disabilities are being make sure that it not going to impact their rest of the life. So, the consequence of that disability is minimized through this intervention centers. So, that is given in paragraph 1 and 2. So, paragraph 3. So, regarding new education policy 2020. So, already we have made a video out of this new education policy. So, in that new education policy there also focus on this education for people with disabilities. So, that is all we can include it. So, barrier free access to education. So, barrier free access to education. So, even new education policy take that into as a factor for designing the policies especially children with disabilities. So, they are taking that factor into focus and also they creating this barrier free access to education. And also right now we have government has created this language research and training center. So, paragraph 4 Indian sign language research and training center. So, training center in Delhi. So, they are primary focusing on disability of deafness. So, they have developed around 10,000 sign languages. So, this clearly helps the people with deafness to integrate with the society and also interact with others like normal human beings. So, that is given in paragraph 4 and paragraph 5.  So, all this being smartphone applications for NCRT they have the smartphones applications. Smartphone apps are being created so that people differential able can easily able to read it. Now, also some factual numbers are given say for paragraph 5 again as per world health organization. This report you can use it as introduction for your answers any question on disability. So, world health organizations report 2019. So, 2019 says that one out of four person that is one out of four is impacted by mental illness. So, mental illness in some part at some part in their lives at some part in their lives. So, human beings have a greater chance of mental illness in any part of their life it can be in teenagers it can be mid 30s 40s or 50s and 60s. So, out of four one will be having these experiences. So, that is what world health organizational reports is and cause for mental illness may be various factors. And society's perception about mental illness is also one thing which you need to check especially from Indian sense is it acceptable or people are not ready to accept people with mental illness all this have an idea which you can ask it uses a point in your answer writing. But the fact is given for WHO global level fact it is not about India and especially after this COVID. So, COVID pandemic.  It is a normal psychological aspect we are sitting in a home for two years without interacting with others and also financial issues all this pile up and results in mental problems. So, that is what fact is given here regarding COVID and they have given this government initiative how to support that. So, that is given paragraph 5. So, that is 24 bar 7 toll free rehabilitation toll free mental health rehabilitation. So, this initiative of the government which is also part of disability help line. So, paragraph 1 paragraph 2 3 and 4. So, in paragraph 1 and again person with disabilities have great potential in sports also. So, they can be a major contributor in sports also that is given here and even they have put 19 medals which includes 5 gold in Tokyo 2020 Paralympics. So, this is a fact. So, please understand government is also focusing on people with disabilities in sports arena. This you take it as a lead for preparing your problems any information you get people with disability achieving in sports arena global level that can also be a problems question especially if it is a women personality please go and check which sports they are and what medal they have won. So, sometimes UPSC can ask questions on that especially from claims point of view. So, this point clearly indicates that people with disabilities have a biggest contribution in sports arena. So, they have given some facts for it and also government has created center for disability sports at Gwalior. So, state of art facilities to train people with disability for sports and paragraph 2 paragraph 2 again the department of empowerment and for person with disabilities created a platform or we can put as government creating a platform Divya Kala Shakti. So, this is regarding fine arts. So, people with differential ability contributing to fine arts they have put under this platform of Divya Kala Shakti. So, these are some informations when you write an answer if you quote it which features you the extra much especially in means and paragraph 3. So, right now under make in India. So, make in India initiative. So, government along with government as artificial limb manufacturing cooperation of India with manufactures Otterburg Germany. So, it is a joint venture between these two companies they are focusing on developing a product for. So, this is a medical condition especially related to mobility. So, for that these two companies one is Indian company and another is a German company. So, both are working together to develop a solution this comes under making India. Even this point can be used in your answers for manufacturing sometimes the question is asked how make in India program can help a society. Most of the time as a candidate we write about foreign exchange reserves we can write about job opportunities how it creating enhances export import all this we can writes even this can be one point how make in India can help disadvantage sections in India. So, this example you can write it there. So, make in India our next thing is last one paragraph 4 and also. So, we have this the entire disabled rehabilitation scheme where supporting NGOs to run projects for special educations again the ministry is working having this the all disabled rehabilitation scheme especially to help NGOs to focus on people with disabilities. So, you can based on this news article based on this Yojana article we get a good perspective government is working in various platforms to make sure that people with disabilities part of our development process and also enjoying the benefits of development starting with creating an app or providing opportunity in sports or knowing their problems giving an ID. So, all this points you can write it structure the answers in such a way that this clearly indicates to the examiner. So, government has taken multiple steps to add them in development process. So, next news article is safeguarding children. So, paragraph 1, paragraph 2, paragraph 3. So, in paragraph 1 some facts are given regarding India's population and children's this facts you can use it for your answer writing as an introduction. So, 0 to 6 years in India we have around 158 million and 472 million in the age group of 18. So, up to 18 years and please understand this numbers we are able not able to remember all these things just to understand the figure value factual value of children's in India we have get a perspective. So, what is the how many children's are there in India, but this another fact which is given as 39 percentage of country's population. So, this you can use it in your answers which is easy to remember out of 100 people 39 people are considered to be the children's in India. So, up to the age of 18 39 percentage of Indian population is there. So, this fact you can use it in your answer writing this is not possible just to understand the impact of this statement we can know it. So, this 39 percentage use it in your answers wherever possible in that they also said that around 30 million out of all the children's 30 million are considered to be orphaned or abandoned children abandoned children. So, around 4 percentage of youth population in India. So, on million means 10 lakh if you calculate the into 30 you can get an understanding. So, around 4 percentage of youth population is orphaned or abandoned children's there may be many reasons why this happens for a child. A recent example if we take this pandemic situation there are news stories which says that both father and mother died in pandemic and children's are left alone. So, this may be a reason for orphaned children's or abandoned children's can be any other reasons can be from from social cultural dimensions or it can be a crime all this happens. So, another important fact is 4 percentage of Indian youth population is considered to be orphaned or abandoned. These are the facts which use it for answer writing based on the questions being asked in paragraph 2. So, UNICEF there is again a global organization UNICEF. So, in India in India they have given a number call. So, 29.6 million that is given as 30 million in above paragraph and whereas 2017 as per data of 2017 out of this abandoned children 4,70,000 children are in institutionalized care please understand. So, out of 30 million only around 0.4 million are under institutionalized care where government able to identify them took them under their wings providing all the basic necessity for their children's growth only 0.4 million around 30 million only 0.4 million are institutionalized care. So, this clearly shows what biggest problem India is facing especially regarding abandoned children's. So, this fact you can clearly understand that and another aspect is again these abandoned children's one problem is from government side they are not able to give them the required safeguards to institutional care even an institutional care government cannot take them for a long time. So, ultimately another mechanism is called adoption. So, and again one of the biggest problem in children's without parents adoption rate in a society is also very low, low adoption rate. So, we have seen the twin problem one their numbers are 30 million but only 0.4 million are under institutional care mostly by government and NGOs and even in that adoption rates are very low. So, in Indian culture they are not ready to accept child which is born outside. So, as they are not daughter that is cultural problem in India. So, all this has a unique challenge for this children's that is what the point says. So, on paragraph 3. So, right now in India we have this C A R A central adoption resource authority. So, there is an organization responsible for adoption in India central adoption resource authority. So, resource authority. So, they have given the data for 2017 and 18. So, around so, 3276 this numbers are not important approximate you can write. So, that is around 0.87 percentage only 0.87 percentage children's are adopted in India. So, we know the primary data is around 30 million children's are abandoned or orphaned in that only 3000 children's are being adopted. So, only 0.8 percentage children's are adopted in India. So, they have a proper family environment for them to grow opportunities are available for them. So, majority majority of the children's abandoned their fate is always very pathetic. One is government cannot help them because institutional support is very less and also society wise people perception about adoption is less. So, ultimately it becomes the biggest challenge for the system. So, based on the facts these are the things what we can infer. Next thing is. So, we go for next. So, paragraph 1, paragraph 2, paragraph 3 and paragraph 4. So, in paragraph 1. So, another problem in India is there are around 29000 parents are ready for adoption. So, 29000 couples are ready for adoption, but the number of children's available is 3000. So, 3000 children's are adopted. This clearly shows that even in a society which is culturally not ready to adopt still there are certain chunk of population ready to adopt them and but the adoption is very less. We need to find the reason why the very biggest problem is rules which is very tedious and which is time consuming and very strict. So, ultimately cause lot of delay and after a point of time parents lost the hope of adoption and the because of the process of their bad experience also they leave out the option of adoption. So, all these are challenges in India that is what given in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2. So, they also said that there are some challenges why this happens very low. So, first and foremost thing is institutional clear, low institutional care. So, lot of abandoned children's never reaches the institution where they can be adopted that is the first reason they are given and we have an authority for this. The district child production officer whose primary task is to identify these abandoned children's and try to get them in institutions. So, they are taking street children to child car institutions. So, that officers are responsible in Indian system we have a officer to take care of that. Still we can see from the numbers it is not being properly done. So, that is another reason and also as per next data that is national commission for protection of child rights and once this district officer responsible for children's identify a child they need to take the take for child care institutions. So, but as per this NCPCR. So, it is a national commission. So, in India we have around 8,550 registered child car institutions, but there are these are registered one when you take unregistered one also it stretches to 8,000 CCIs. Unregisters are not part of government system they not get integrated government, but they privately run. So, in India we have around 8,000 child car institutions, but registered is 5,850 to the strength of total abandoned children this is a very microscopic. So, that is what the data indicates here on paragraph 3 and another important factor of this adoption is around only one percentage of children adopted or with disabilities. So, what we need to understand here is we I will just say the facts right from the first 30 million children are abandoned or orphaned in that 30 million only 3000 are getting adopted that is 0.87 even in 3000 only one percentage of that 3000 comes under children with disability. So, which clearly shows that in this entire set of children's orphaned children's disability is going to pay the heavy price because already adoption in Indian culture is not acceptable and adopting a children with disabilities highly impossible no family or no couple is ready to do that. So, that is what the data says and so they have given the reason that is given in paragraph 4 why it never happens is cultural aversion this term you can use it in your answer writing. So, cultural aversion. So, cultural aversion towards the children with special needs and in paragraph 4 again they said what is this care a central adoption resource authority it was a central adoption resource authority which comes under ministry of women and child development. So, responsible for adoption in India so that is given here. So, paragraph 1 and paragraph 2. So, in paragraph 1 so, in year of 2018. So, there was some changes in this rules of this central adoption resource authority where children's can be adopted by individuals in living relationship also. So, previously it was married couples right now they have changed the rules saying that even living relationship they can adopt children's. So, that is the most important which clearly indicates as society is changing and gown is ready to accept the changes and India and outside of India also. So, this is what the paragraph says and also what are the laws of adoption is? One is Hindu adoption and maintenance act, Juvenile justice act, Juvenile justice act. So, these are the two acts when you write an answer regarding adoption your answer in your maids you can also refer this one there is an institution called CARA CAREA and also we have this law Hindu adoption and maintenance act and Juvenile justice act. So, these are the things which is mainly responsible for determining adoption in India. So, these are some informations for your enhancing your answers. So, that is in paragraph 1. So, in paragraph 2 so, so ministry of women and child development is implementing the centrally sponsored, centrally sponsored child protection services. Child protection services previously it is called integrated child protection scheme especially from different circumstances difficult circumstances. So, already actions are taken by the government especially by the ministry of women and child development. So, child protection scheme. So, this is given in paragraph 2 and next we go for paragraph 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. So, in paragraph 1 so, in this child protection services. So, central government that is union government is providing financial assistance. So, financial assistance for states and union territories states and union territories for situation analysis.  All this can be studied through situation analysis where central government is giving money to the state governments financial aid to do a research on their problems. So, ultimately government can create some schemes and programs and policies for them. So, that is all part of this child protection scheme and also in paragraph 2 it also given that maintenance grant. So, maintenance grant is provided for children in the homes that is child care institutions. So, that amount was increased from 750 to 2000 per child per month. This is a huge jump where government has spent lot of money for this from 750 rupees they have said that this child care institutions they are ready to give 2000 per child per month. This is a huge financial aid for the children especially orphan and abundant. Next thing is paragraph 3. So, what they found out is the national commission for protection of child rights. So, out of this 2874 children's homes. So, 54 only 54 was able to comply with the juvenile justice act. So, this acts a certain condition how to run a children's home. Basically, it can be a facility for their development that should be some facility for nutrition and some play area all need to be there. So, all provided the juvenile justice act, but only out of this 288 800 children's homes only 54 have all the norms satisfied which clearly no indicates that even the children homes they are not taking care of the children properly. So, that is what we need to understand from this. Next thing is so, there are three major schemes on which women are sorry children are taken care. So, this that is given in paragraph 4. So, that is three major schemes three schemes. So, so umbrella schemes. So, on this mission Vatsalya mission Poshan 2.0 mission Shakti. So, all this focus on children's also. So, in this mission Vatsalya. So, policy makers assume that children's are the supreme asserts of the nation and they began to give greater focus on converging various government policies and programs and various departments for children well being. So, that is the primary focus on it. It is a mission which says that all government departments and ministries programs and policies should integrate in the objective making sure that children is the supreme assert of a nation. So, that is there and mission Poshan 2.0 especially focusing on children targeting on girl child and also children's in the especially in school school school ages in girl girl child focusing on malnutrition all those things that is mission Poshan. It is a common program in that there is a program there is a subject focusing on children and women and mission Shakti it is a citizen centric supports for women especially rehabilitation, impairment. So, that is where it is focused on. So, that is in mission Shakti. So, this again paragraph 1. So, 2, 3 and 4. So, in that there are two subjects in mission Shakti correct Sambal and Samarthya. So, these are while writing answer it does not mean that to go for even subject level just know that these are the schemes they are in India especially focusing on women Beti, Bachar, Beti, Padau one stop center for women helpline all being given and also focusing on in paragraph 2. So, it is this scheme sorry Samarthya where especially focusing on working women national creed scheme for children's and working mothers. So, all these are part of this especially focusing on women whose part of economic activity all are taken care under this scheme. So, that is given paragraph 3 and paragraph 4. So, paragraph 3 sorry paragraph 3 we have this PM care. So, this was a fund created by union government during this corona pandemic situation in this PM care funds. So, there is allocation for children's whose parents died due to the pandemic that is what given here. So, they are going to fund the children's and they have given some financial numbers for it. So, monthly stipend up to age of 18 years up to age of 18 years there will be monthly stipend given and rupees 10 lakh at the age of 23. So, those children who lost the parents for the pandemic. So, these are the under PM cares governments providing all these benefits all financial helps. So, these are the things regarding and also paragraph 4 we have this Pradhan Mandri, Jen Arogyojna, 5 lakhs for per family. So, insurance cover of 5 lakhs rupees 5 lakhs per family focusing on secondary and tertiary care hospitalization. If you want to put in our layman terms what we called as speciality super speciality hospitals. So, our government says that they are giving a cover of 5 lakhs per family under this Yojna. So, these are the things regarding this Yojna article. Next we go for digital service delivery the third one. So, paragraph 1 paragraph 2. So, in paragraph 1. So, regarding this ICT information and communication technology and what are the primary aim of this technology especially in government services it is given inclusive, affordable, transformative, transformative and accessible. So, these are the key words whenever you want to write an answers on information and communication technology any questions on e-governance or any question regarding technology in our public services. These are some of the key words which you can put it in your answers. These are very positive impact of technology in public services. And they have given some examples. So, government initiators in this direction what are the government initiators some of the government initiators one is digital India. So, digital India and direct benefit transfer and government e-marketplace. So, these are some of the initiators resulting in some knowledge based economy and also digitally empowered economy. So, digitally empowered economy. So, these are some of the benefits of this and they have given some facts. So, regarding digital divide. So, digital divide is related to use of technology the name itself is divide based on use of technology. So, digital divide is decreasing in India as per the article is decreasing in India and they have even said that 7 out of 10 state with fastest growing internet subscribers have per capita GDP lower than India's average. So, which clearly indicates that the states without the GDP contribution states which has a lower GDP contribution to the economy where penetration of technology is very high. This clearly indicates that see India is moving towards knowledge economy because penetration of technology is going even in the states where economic contribution is less probably this may be a force multiplier for economy because of penetration of technology later these states can contribute for our national development that is one and even they have given UP as an example which has 36 million internet subscribers and 12 percentage of India's total incremental internet subscriptions. So, whenever there is internet subscription increasing the numbers are mainly contributed by UP and 8 out of 10 top 10 says this is another important fact 8 out of 10 states gram panchayat is covered under common service center. So, common service center so, common service center is an institutional mechanism especially at the village level to penetrate the ICT technologies especially to provide public services only you all sometimes private service also included majorly concerned public services. This common service center is a institutional mechanism to make people especially at the lowest level at village level to get the benefits of technology. So, this fact says that 8 out of 10 states especially top 10 states 8 as most of gram panchayat have this common service centers. So, this clearly indicates that India is moving in the right direction of using technology especially ICT. The next thing is paragraph 2 which speaks about Pradhan Mandri Jandhen Yojana. So, it is regarding financial inclusion what is the primary objective is making all Indians to open a bank account. So, that is the primary objective and also based on this financial inclusion right now we can see lot of fintech apps are being created ultimately benefiting the common man. That is right now we have this BIM app UPI UPI is being created. So, and as per this national payment corporation of India until March 2022 until March 2022. So, we have this UPI unified payment interface has 5 billion transactions which value is around 8 trillion. So, this is the value of money transacted through UPI which clearly shows that our economy is moving towards digital economy and our government's primary focus is make digital economy because it has a huge contribution for our development. Yojana prime minister thinks that the objective of taking our economy from 2 trillion to 5 trillion digital economy play a major role and this are some facts clearly indicates that India is moving that direction. If any question regarding digital economy or any question regarding realizing the prime minister's dream of 5 trillion economy these points can be added. So, paragraph 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. So, in paragraph 1. So, as we are moving towards digital economy and all. So, we have a scheme. So, Pratamantri, Gram and Digital, Shakshadabyan and this primarily focus on digital literacy. So, this is a scheme created in India especially to promote digital literacy among the people so that they can effectively use the technology. Again, we relate to digital divide to minimize the digital divide. We have this and they have given some facts for it around 6. There is primary objectives to reach 6 crore rural households. So, they want to reach to the rural households rural households that is given in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2. So, this fact in paragraph 2 you can use it for your answer rating especially regarding this cash benefit direct benefit transfers. So, in direct benefit transfers around 36,000 crore is being directly transferred to the bank accounts. So, bank accounts and which comes under public finance management system and this reaches to the beneficiaries. And this fact is more important because this fact really indicates that government has used the technology very effectively to deliver the services and to deliver the financial resources to the people who are the real beneficiaries because of DBT there are a lot of benefits to the system. One is expenditure is reduced a lot corruption is reduced a lot and also duplication is not there because they are able to identify the real beneficiaries. This role part of this DBT direct benefit transfer if you combine with other you can easily identify how it is feasible. This factual information please use it wherever possible anything regarding control of corruption any questions regarding control of corruption or any questions regarding use of technology for public services this is a very good fact which can use it for your main sensor rating. The next thing is paragraph 3 and so some facts are given over 2 trillion Aadhaar enabled payment systems last year being done and apart from this in paragraph 4 we have this digital India initiative for Ashman Bharat that is Ashman Bharat digital mission and primary focus is digital health repository for Indians. So this clearly indicates that under this Ashman Bharat digital mission government want to create a digital record of health data of Indians. So ultimately this benefit are Indian anywhere in India they can enjoy the public health services that is a great benefit here and also telemedicine during pandemic all possible because of technology effectively used in public services. So that is given in a paragraph and also they have given E Sanjivani portal regarding telemedicine you can relate that remote consultation have been provided through this portal. So these are examples of keywords in your answers and also we have this in paragraph 5 that is mental health counseling again possibility of technology is being used here under national tele mental health program national tele mental health program. So they have given this mental health counseling so again use of technology in this paragraph 1 2 3 4. So in paragraph 1 E health use of technology for providing health so what are the greatest benefit is evidence based treatment evidence based treatment and empowering patients so these are the benefits based on this E health because everything in the electronic format and documents are being there so transparencies are created so all this have a positive impact on patient and also for the health infrastructures and systems and next one is so this is what this in paragraph 2 they say about what are this common service interest especially the village level they provide both public and private services that is what already I said in the previous point whereas paragraph 3 we have this umang mobile application expansionist unified mobile application for new age governance. So this is a app where you can download it and enjoy all different government services and the number is around 2039 services which includes union government and state government ministries and departments. So this single app you can get most of the government services so that is again possible through technology under umang app they have given some examples mararation so to identify the nearest fire price shops and enum Monday near me the harmony lighting alerts so these are some of the examples given so what are the benefits of this particular umang app that is in paragraph 4 so paragraph 1 2 3 4 so again in paragraph 1 they are also spoke about digilocker which is also part of this uh technology based initiative the name says digilocker where you can convert all your physical copy documents government documents into uh soft copies there is a little greater benefit so you does need to carry them wherever you want you can use it so all benefits are there that is given in paragraph 1. So paragraph 2 it speaks about the technology that is kisan drones so drone technology is also used especially for benefiting the farmers technology driven agriculture so moving agriculture towards technology technology driven agriculture and the reason why technologies be integrated is around 50 percentage of Indian population depending on technologies so out of 100 people around 58 people are entirely depend upon agriculture so technology should be infused so that increasing in productivity and better outcome can be enjoyed so they are given this uh kisan drone this you can use it in your answer writing and especially these are used to get the quality outputs and regular checks can be done so that is given paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 for skilling for skilling and livelihood this initiative is there in India they stack so for skilling for uh individuals these are being used and this may prove primarily focusing on digitally empowering the citizens so there's another initiative ultimately paragraph 4 so by year of 2025 so digital transformation India is going to have a greatest impact so digital transformation digital transformation increasing the economic value and also digital services innovations and this last one artificial intelligence blockchain drones robotics all this can be a science and technology question in your problems although also it can be a main question for example use of drones in agriculture use of robotics in disaster management they try to integrate this type of topics to ask the question you have you should have a very basic idea about all this terms for problems angle artificial intelligence blockchain robotics and ultimately by 2025 India is moving towards digital transformation it has a huge benefit for the system so these are the three uh news uh yojana articles so we have a question of 2020 so the questions is regarding this uh based on the articles what we saw last three articles we can add few points at least one or two points for this question the question is regarding intra-generational and inter-generational issues of equity from inclusive growth and sustainable development so keywords are intra-generational and inter-generational intra-generational within the same generation inter-generation is for example it can be uh uh father and son grandparent and uh grandson this is inter-generational so there is in inclusive growth issue of equity from the perspective of inclusive growth is that inclusive growth is happening among this section of population so based on the news uh based on the yojana article what we saw one is regarding disability we can see that disability intra-generation is also there inter-generation is also there so disability can be spoken and also children especially abandoned children or orphan children this can be a paragraph in your answer so so what are the issues of equity so why why that is not happening so we can take example of children which is often so we can say about cultural norms why uh they are not being part of our family system or government why is what is the problem there that you can write as a point there similarly when you go for this uh differentially abled right now government has created all the mechanisms but problem for them rights are not being there and also they are not being recognized so government does not know how many people are there so all this can be a point it can be one paragraph how intra-generational inter-generational equity is missing or issues in equity for inclusive growth okay thank you


Reuters journalists gained access to the newly liberated Ukrainian village of Neskine on Tuesday, confirming that Ukraine's forces have been advancing in the early phase of a counter-offensive against Russia's invasion. A Reuters team reached the ruined village in southeastern Ukraine days after Kiev said its forces had pushed out Russian troops. Russia has not officially acknowledged the loss of Neskine and several other villages. No villagers could be seen in Neskine, which had a population of several hundred before Russia's invasion in February 2022. Three days ago Russian forces were still here. We chased them out of Neskine. Glory to Ukraine, said Artem, a member of a Ukrainian territorial defense unit who gave no surname. These are Ukrainian lands. After seven months of a major Russian offensive that yielded scant gains, Ukraine began its counter-assault last week.


Holmes is an other feminist linguist. She says that women's have, in her opinion, superior interaction style. So, from the previous research, first that was conducted by Robin Laker and then by Tannen, we have an impression that women's language show them powerless. They are weak. Men are superior. But Holmes' opinion is quite opposite to those researchers. She says that, in my opinion, women's have a superior interaction style because they have to perform the role of mother.  So, in her New Zealand study, Holmes finds that women are more attentive to face. Now, these are the features which make their interaction superior to men. For example, the first feature is that they take care of public self-image of every person, especially the addressing. They think that the addresses public face shouldn't be hurt, shouldn't be injured by their talk. The person should not feel that the person addressing is imposing herself or himself to the person who is being addressed. So, they are very mindful of public image of others. Similarly, they take care of politeness. Politeness, actually, this is awareness of that the person who addresses others should take care of public faces. And this awareness is called politeness. And politeness is realized in two ways. For example, if the address is stranger or senior, so the address expects that there should be social distance. So, in that case, the women would adopt a social distance style of talk. They won't be using, for example, high, nicky, high, bicky like styles in their talk. And on the other hand, if the address is some intimate person, they are close friends. So, in that case, they would use such expressions which show closeness. So, this is the superior style quality which is possessed by women. And another thing is that they never interrupt during talk. When they talk, they avoid interrupting the talker. So, Homes thinks that women's language, instead of making them weak, makes them strong. It empowers them. And she metaphorically compares this style of talk with Norm Chomsky's ideal speaker-healer. Chomsky says that my model of language is for those persons who never commit errors when they use language. So, their language is free of performance errors. So, same is the case in opinion of homes with language of women. They keep their language. They make safe their language. They free their language from those features which can hurt address's face.


Very well populated session today. Welcome to the final set of live demos. We've got four marvelous speakers to whom you have seen before. So we're starting with James Purple Idea talking about configuration management or something along those lines. Okay, take it away. Thank you. Hi, everyone. This is going to go really quickly. I gave a full version of this talk, but apparently they were missing out on lightning live demo speakers. I love live demos, so I'm going to give you like a third of the live demos I did in my main talk, which was recorded because there's a great video team. So really, really, really quickly, if you have questions, we'll see if we have time at the end, but we won't have many. James Purple Idea on the internet. This is the lightning version of this talk. This is lightning. I made it just for you. Big thank you quickly, all the stuff you can read, because this is the lightning version. And just for curiosity, so, oh, six. Why are you all giggling? I didn't even make the jokes yet. So here's some stuff. Puppet in general, if you're not familiar with Puppet, there's lots of nasty hacks you can do, and it really makes for a very unclean design. And you can read through these slides, which I'll post or in the main talk. And basically, I come to this conclusion about, is this the right way to do things with all these scary, nasty hacks? Come on, is it? Of course not. So here's my nope guy, who I like to play for you. This is my favorite nope person. If you have a better nope person, please let me know because I've never found a nope that says nopey as this. And the nope thing goes off. Even in a lightning session, it is sufficiently important that I show you how nope this is. So eventually I sat down and I said, I'm gonna write a new tool. Oh no, not another tool. But I have a really good reason for it. It's called MGMT config, because I really am bad at naming, so I'm sorry. And this is about how Red Hat loves Debian and so on. Anyways, my tool has three main design points. The first is that it runs in parallel. So if you think of a graph, it will go through on the whole DSL in parallel. It's event-driven, which I'll show you shortly, and it works as a distributed system. And let's see if we can get through these three demos. So here's your sort of status quo. You go through the red lines or basically what one puppet execution might look like doing one, two, three, four, five, and six, and then seven. But in fact, you can actually parallelize this to have the whole left side run at the same time as the whole right side. Make sense? Yes. Yes, hey, there we go. But also, if you can see the two A and the two B, once the first blob, this resource, has run, these two resources here can run at the same time. So should I show you the live demo of this? All right, let's do this. We'll actually do one that looks, let's do this one. So this blob here will take 15 seconds to run. This one should take 10, 10, and 10. So the whole thing should take how long? Math is not with us this morning. So 10 seconds, then then, and then another 10. And this one will take 15. So the whole thing together should take about 30 seconds. That's right. And we're going to ask the system that when you're converged, please, please converge. And once you're converged for five seconds, quit. So the whole thing together after that should take, ooh, that's loud. Right here, some. OK, so this is the little, this is actually running the tool. And so the whole thing in general, we'll time it. We'll run this. So it starts up. If you look here, you can see the 15 second install and this 10 second thing are both running at the same time. Time goes by, 10, 20, or 10 seconds go by. And then right away, this first one finishes 10 seconds later. And this second one starts up. Five seconds after that, you can see that in parallel, this other one finished running. Five more seconds after that, that third blob finished. And that third blob at the bottom started. So these blobs are really resources. So this is something that's actually doing some work in a very specific way. Goes through. This last one finishes. Five seconds go by and boom, if you can see, it took about 36 seconds. So that 30 seconds, waited for five, very little overhead. Make sense? Whoever's on their email is busy focusing on their email. Everyone else is awake. So that's basically the idea. You can run in parallel. Turn out to be quite efficient and useful. The second aspect is the event driven aspect. So you think of puppet or existing tools that run. They go through the whole resource graph and then 30 minutes later, they start up and run again. Go through the whole thing, checking, applying, and everything. But in fact, if you want to make a change outside of that 30 minute window, or if after your tool has run, something changes, you won't actually notice until the tool runs again. So in fact, what we actually do is we start up, we watch for events on every single resource, and we also check and apply. And then if something changes, we can instantly fix it right away. So demo, demo. Live demo, all right. So we'll just do a very simple graph. Just sit here. That's more comfortable. So this graph just has three resources. So there's a F1 file, an F2, and an F3 file. And they each have contents IMF2, IMF1, IMF3, and so on. And this fourth file here basically says I shouldn't exist. So we're actually just going to run this over here. And on the right-hand side, we'll just make a directory. So you can see these files. There's nothing here. A little squealing there. So we're going to run this thing. And very quickly, we go here and see that it's made the three files. And you can, can you see that OK in the back? On the terminals? Yes? And you hear me in the back. That's a good start. All right, good. So you can see that the three files have those contents. But you can actually just remove F2 and cat F2. And it comes back, right? So remove F2. It's right there. But it works so quickly. You can actually remove F2 and cat F2 in the same line. And as quickly as you do this, the file just sort of comes back. And of course, you can do things like I go, hey, Debian, and put it into F2 and cat F2, and still sort of same thing. And if you do this, cat F2 can actually even watch which runs this thing over and over so quickly that as fast as you're running it, the engine on the other side is actually noticing these things and fixing it as soon as possible. Now, this is maybe not very exciting just for files. But think about all the different resource types that we can actually apply instantly when you want to make a change. And when we look at higher level resources, like say virtual machine resources, or container resources, or even some sort of database resource, all this stuff will happen live very quickly in a real management engine. Any questions quickly? Questions? No. All right. Shall we continue? How much time? Six and a half minutes. Six and a half minutes. So this is just some examples. So for SystemD, for services, we use SystemD events to get this information. For packages, this isn't possible without the excellent package team, part of which Zymian is in the back and helped me in this possible and answered my stupid questions on IRC. So thanks to him. And what does this really feel like? I've said this is config management. What does it really feel like to you? Or feel like to me? I think this is actually sort of a vague sort of kind of monitoring because you think about actually putting together a system that has config management, but also monitoring the state live so you can fix things or notify someone if something changes. So it's all trying to wrap things up. Really quickly, the last quick demo I'll do. So this is just a quick topology that you might be familiar with. Clients and servers. What's the problem with this kind of topology? Single point of failure. Single point of failure. What's another problem? Scalability, right? Here's a different topology. The arrows are actually pointing downwards. This is a central orchestrator. And what's the problem with this sort of topology? Single point of failure. That's right. Same thing. And what else? Scalability again, right? So you have the answers. So in fact, just skipping forward, we actually build kind of a network like this where everyone is a peer. And every peer can talk to any other peer in theory. But what we actually do is elect temporary primary machines which become the XED masters. Because we build an XED and the RAFT algorithm to do this. And that's how we communicate. And what I'm actually going to show you is how these machines actually talk together. So what we want to do is we want to have a machine be able to put information up somewhere, in this case, into a distributed key value store that's managed by the cluster, and have other machines be able to pull that information down. So each machine which I'm going to show you is going to have one file which it creates on itself and one file that pushes up. So on that first machine puts one file on itself, puts one file up. How many files is it going to get on itself? One plus one, two, exactly. Very good. Let me just show you this, see it working. So I'm just going to run this. And actually, we need to make a directory for each of these machines. So right here. And we can just tree that. So you could see there's, in this case, four directories, one to represent each machine, just because I don't have a lot of machines with me right now. So we'll run this first. We'll just run each thing at a time. So we run this, starts up, and boom, you have two files. So it puts one of those files on itself. The second one, it puts a virtual representation in this database. And then it sees what's in this database, and it pulls it back down. So you've got two. Should we start up the second one? Start up the second one. So we'll actually do the same sort of thing. Now we point it at anyone in the cluster so that they can cluster together. We start up the second one. Same thing. How many files are we going to have on this new machine? I see a three. That's correct. So you have one on itself, pushes one up, and then pulls everything down, which is now two. And that first machine, how many is it going to have? It's going to have three. So let's run this. See how fast? Boom. They now have three on each of themselves. Should we add a fourth one? A third one, I mean? OK. So let's continue this game. How many files now on when we run this? That's right. Four. You guys are getting it. We're counting. Counting as a team. It's great to work together. So we run this. Very quickly, you've got four files. And the other two, notice instantly that something has happened, and they add those additional files. So this kind of pattern would be used for something like one machine might be a web server, which wants to have traffic routed to it. So it would say, hi, I've turned on my web server. I'm available at this port. Please route traffic to me. And a router might be looking for these sort of patterns and saying, ah, I'm looking for web servers that match a certain pattern. I will now open a route to you on the fly when you ask for it.  Make sense? Very important for automation stuff. So we've actually now started three machines. Should we add one more, just for fun? All right, I have one more here, and then I definitely run out of terminal windows. So it doesn't show very. So I'm going to run this fourth one, and it starts up. And then quickly, you can see that they all have those there. And if I actually just actually ask the cluster, how many servers are actually running? So you'll see there's three servers that are participating in this cluster. Everyone else becomes a client, because we don't need an infinite amount of primary servers.  So let's just pick one here. I don't like this one. It's somehow, it's on fire. So I'm just going to kill it. And if we go back here and look, you can see now that it used to be H1, 2, and 3, but now H3 has died. So it has automatically said, I'm going to start up a new machine, because we wanted, in this case, at least three servers. All right, so this sort of happens automatically. It's built into the code base. There's some more demos, but we're almost out of time. So that is the same thing.   There are more demos. Again, I'm not going to show you them. This is sort of some slides on all the magic that happens, which you can watch in the video. It's super fast. And you can actually even run existing puppet code on this engine. That's a little side project that a colleague or a friend of mine is working on. Future work, lots of stuff to still do. This is really about a community project. It's not a product. So if you want to be involved, please send me some patches. You can use Twitter or blog about this or something like that. Hack on it. Hack on it, right? Listen to the slides. This is a marketing slide. Again, told you it's a project. We can recap. That's my answer. Now let me recap. This is Arthur Benjamin. As he recaps his pen to sort of finalize. Here's some links. I've actually written four blog posts about this right now. So if you want to have a look online, here are some links. And yeah, if you have any questions, I'm here for today and the morning tomorrow. So please join us. We also have an IRC channel. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Next up is Neelan Maree talking about the Maycat radio telescope. Testing, testing. Great. I think it says actually not just me, Neelan Maree. But this is my colleague, Mark and Trevor. And I will be talking and you'll be driving. But he's, OK, so we're doing it with this laptop. This is on our VPN. So this is not just talking. I'm talking about the radio telescopes. I was showing you the radio telescope live. So we're going to move stuff that's hundreds of kilometers away from your live on screen. I was just able to know machine for tonight, just safety. Could I see my stuff? Yeah, I fucking. Can you find them in the clouds, please? It's not that kind of telescope, unless. Right, OK, so I'm OK. What do I push to get a next slide when I want to do that? I don't know where it is. OK, I don't understand this Mac stuff, so I don't know. Right, OK. Hi. So why are we at this conference? Because we use DB and derivatives. You can guess which one is quite a lot. We actually from what we call the control and monitoring groups. So as you might imagine, a telescope consists of a whole bunch of different things and we make them work together. Next slide, please. OK, so this is not what our telescopes look like. These are optical telescopes. This is kind of a very serious amateur model. This is more of a professional science telescope, but next. So radio telescopes look like this. OK, I was looking like this. I was looking more like this. But they basically look like the satellite fishes, but they're not listening to satellites. They point it at stars or other interesting data objects. OK, so I was looking more like this. Oh, sorry. So this is a difference. Why radio telescopes? So this is an optical image. This is a radio telescope image of exactly the same piece of sky. And you put it together and you can see that kind of tiny different things. So I'll get to think about why now. So next slide. So this guy is Sir Herschel, someone or other. I forgot his name now. But he does an interesting experiment. So when he was alive, people really knew about the spectrum. You could take a light. You could put it for a prism and you get three colors. And then what this guy did was quite interesting. He decided to measure the temperature of colors. So that's different from the color temperature you might be familiar from your monitor. But anyway, so he had thermometers and he put a thermometer on each color. And then he saw, my goodness, the hottest color is invisible. Here, beyond red, there's some other light, which is even hotter than the red light. And that's when infrared was discovered. OK, and then this guy, James Clark Maxwell, Maxwell. He's a personal hero of mine. In my other life, I'm an electromagnetist. So he made the equations of electromagnetics. But mainly he realized that light and radio waves and all that stuff is all part of the same thing. So we have a spectrum, right? Here we have visible light. Visible light, right? So as the frequency goes higher, your wavelength gets shorter. So light has very high frequency and very short wavelengths, which is why you can see fine details of it easily. And at the lower end, you have radio waves, which have low frequencies and very big wavelengths. So it's all part of the electromagnetics. So this is the sun. The sun is also a star. And the sun is essentially a very hot ball of gas, a hydrogen fusion powered. And when you make a ball of gas very hot, it acts as a black body radiator. So it radiates depending on its temperature. So that's carbon. That's 5,800 Kelvin is about the sun's temperature, I think. It radiates the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Most of the energy is concentrated around the visible and infrared range. But it's also got some radio energy. So that's what we look at with the radio telescope. OK, so you can't see the whole spectrum because we have this wonderful thing called the atmosphere. We should be very thankful. Now the atmosphere blocks most radio, most x-rays and gamma rays and stuff like that. That's very good. If it didn't, it would all be dead. But then visible light somewhat surprisingly does manage to come through the atmosphere. And that's why we evolved to see it because it comes with atmosphere. But there's also what we call the radio window. And you can see it's quite wide. Radio waves for fairly high frequency range, fairly big frequency range, can reach our beautiful telescopes. OK, so here's another example of the difference. So this is an optical image, same thing in radio. And what you can see with radio is the hydrogen gas. And our telescope can do these kind of observations. It's 21 centimeters. That's about 1.4 something gigahertz. So between the stars, there's always going to be hydrogen gas, right? You might know that all stars are made out of hydrogen. It's the original thingy. And it gets you together. And you can tell cool things from the radio.  We've got to speed up. OK, so this is the first radio telescope, circa 1930. That's the Ford Model T wheel. Next slide. This is the second radio telescope called Rieber's radio telescope. And most radio telescopes still look like this, so next slide. But as a reminder, the energy in the radio spectrum is very small, so you want to make your telescopes rather big. Lots of mass, basically. It says the bigger you make your telescope, the more sensitive it is. In other words, it can pick up weaker signals and the higher your resolution of your image that you can form. So people will be bigger and bigger and oh, this will crash, see, that's what a telescope crash looks like. So that's also a good idea. So right, there we go. That's the James Bond telescope. It was a fight scene and I received a telescope. It's pretty freaking huge. And then this is a current Chinese telescoping ball, which is astoundingly huge. But you can't really move them, so that's not very convenient. They're very useful instruments if you can't move them. So there's this other approach for interferometry, where you have a whole bunch of dishes working together and your resolution is determined by the space between your dishes. That was in the movie Contact. That's a big radar telescope in America, EVLA. And this is an example. If your telescope is one kilometer apart, your dishes, that's what the images look like. If your telescope has dishes that are 56 kilometers apart, much higher resolution. So it's another little thing. It's more as well. As you build a dish bigger, it gets bigger per surface. It gets more expensive per surface area as you use more dishes, your computation goes up by n squared. So as computing gets cheaper, we're using more and more dishes. So we're building our telescope. So in around 2000, there was this international project called the SKA project known to build a really big telescope. And this is where our telescope is. It's kind of in the middle of a country. There's nothing going on there. This is a map of a population density of South Africa. We're right here. See, it's red. Here, there's no people. Why? Because people make radio interference. We don't want that. OK, so this is cat 7. So we finished this one in about 2012. It was feature complete. But it's really almost, it's not quite, it's a big telescope. It's 7, 12 meter dishes, but it's almost a toy. But we did learn a lot. And we didn't invent some new technique, some of them which we're going to use going forward. And this is near cat. So near cat is going to be 64 dishes at the moment we are 16. It's, yes, near cat. It's actually a joke. Near means more, as in better. And we have got more money to build a bigger cat through a telescope. Right, there we go. And it's awesome. A lot of the technologies for the SKA we develop in near cat next door. OK, so they're going to be 64. This is kind of an aerial photo of where they'll be. Next one. It's got a lot of cool stuff. Got digitizer right at the dish. OK, so go, go, go, go. OK, we should switch right to the demo. OK, so now. I see it. OK, so we have this nice gooey. So this is telling us all the resources which are in our subarray. You can split the telescope up into different subsets of antennas. And as you show us the webcam, you can actually see them right. These are the live web feed from our site, which is about 500 kilometers away. And what we will do now for you ladies and gentlemen. Oh, you're running it. OK, so we have a scheduling system. And it's going to start a schedule block, which all is it going to move them for us? I hope so. We haven't tried it. Well, what should happen is that you should actually be able to see the antennas move on the screen because it's running the telescope. A minute ago. Oh, it moved a minute ago. Then it told the space. Oh, sorry. Is it signal display? You know, I'm using the live signal display. So you don't actually get the images live. You have to do lots of image processing to get that. But this is just kind of in the operator room, these displays are up, and they tell us how much energy, how much radio energy is being received. And this is a pointy display. So what's the angle, the azimuth, and the elevation of each telescope? And as you can see, they are moving, right? So currently they are moving. And if you go to the webcam, hopefully you should see all the nurses are moving. Can you make it bigger? I can't see. Oh, here you go. Is that our end? That's our end. Great. Thank you. That is basically it, actually. Oh, so it didn't really move. That's too bad. Oh, well. In any case, this really was live. And you could have seen it move, but it didn't. So we're both in Deviant. So we thank you, and we're doing real sound service. And it's going to be awesome. Thank you. No, no. We scheduled it out. Yes. We started an hour in front of a real observation. And I was actually a little bit upset because I didn't read our email, but that's what it was. You may have met this man before doing a thing. The main joke is that I only know two words of Arabic, which were taught to me by two very nice Lebanese girls, and it's nothing like you're thinking at all, unfortunately. And also, I haven't plugged in the video. So I was going to do Mime this time, but I can see from the looks I'm getting that that's a bad idea. So nobody likes Mime, apparently. Hands up, who likes Mime? Natty likes Mime. Not the male thing. Oh, look. Wow. Okay. Okay. Sean says he likes Mime.  Oh, I don't know. Can you hear me? I'm going to put up pictures of penguins with that up. Okay. Can you hear me now? All right. Let's do that. Where is Verizon commercial? Okay. So, right. So what's the point of this? There is a big collection of extensions to Emacs. For those of you who don't know, Emacs is a list virtual machine, which some people use to edit text, but also does a whole bunch of other things. And there are available one more package since the last time I gave this demo. So it's growing quickly. 3,193 packages. It's a project driven more by enthusiasm than by quality assurance. So a few of these packages are still maintained on a wiki somewhere and it's automatically packaging the wiki. So if you're not scared yet, it should be. So Sean and I have been working on some tools to help bring some of these packages into Debian, not the ones that are maintained on the wiki, and sort of insert a little quality control into this cycle. So let's see if Sean has any, if my controller has any instructions for me. Okay. No instructions yet. So let me just... So here's a package which for some reason Sean wants to package for Debian. And I read the readme, and you probably can't read the readme because it's kind of small, so let me make it bigger. And I still have no idea how I'm going to demo this. A generic completion method based on balance. Okay. So it's a thing, right? And it does something about completion in Emacs and we're going to package it for Debian. All right. So I'm mildly confused. Oh, click on the link. Click on the link to GitHub. All right. Going back. Okay. Here's a... So here's someone using this thing and they're typing K and it's showing some completions if you hit S, you'll start completing those things. So it's sort of giving you this global completion view. I'm totally making this up. I've never seen this screenshot before, but okay, so something like that. All right. So it lets you jump around... Well, you can read the IRC thing. So it lets you jump around using the first letter of words. Hmm? Right, right. F and T commands in Vim, but on other lines. So those of you who know what Vim is, might know what he's talking about. Okay. So shall we start? Laney, are you asserting you know what Vim is? Is that what you're... Good, good. I'm not following your instructions, Laney. I'm not following for that again. No, you. You dance. Okay. Oops, he left. Yeah, but GitHub is a big place. I need more specific instructions here for crying out loud. Well, you know, this is part of the charm of this. Wow. All right. Abo, Abo, Slash, Avi. Very good. Deadline. So we decided to spend more time in the beginning talking about general things, and now we regret it. Okay, so the last stable release actually has a tag. Yay. Which is not guaranteed with this bunch. Oops. What? What? What? Okay, there we go. Yay. Okay, so now... All right, so I think we're going to fix. So we may run out of time this time, but actually sort of the interesting point about this is that Sean and I have written tools that take upstream metadata and use it for Debian packaging. So upstream is maintaining some metadata here in the file. Of course, in the charming way of upstream is everywhere, they're maintaining the wrong metadata, but nonetheless that's okay, because that's fixed. So let's go back to our shell. Now, I think we're ready. So the minus package emaxon says use the team defaults. The team is more or less Sean and I at the moment, but we wish it was more people. That's not quite true, but... Okay, so it says, you know what? You shouldn't really just upload this thing that you generated with our experimental script, but we don't care, we're going to do it anyway. Okay, so some things scrolled by fast there. I don't know how we're doing for time, probably have two minutes left or so. Okay, so one thing that is good, that is that we ran the test suite. Now to try it out, I need another emax instance. More emax is better. Let's see, you can't see that really well, can you? Yes, he's telling me I need a new emax instance. Lag is awesome. No, it's installed. Oh, I cheated, it's installed from the last demo. Sorry, let's cheat. We're short for time. Okay, so I could have installed this dev, and in fact I did on Tuesday, so this is the actually, but I'm sure it's all totally reproducible and exactly the same, right? Because how could it not be? Let's see, let's just spend another second here. I type E, and then it's telling me to type L, and now if I type, oh, it's like a little menu thing, right? If I go A, it'll go to that line, and if I go J, oh, I get it, I finally understand how to use this thing. Okay, cool, so sorry if you didn't, but at least I figured it out now. And it actually seems like it could be useful. Now we have one minute, and Habibi is telling me to speed up. So one thing that is cool is that we have an actually correct-ish depth five copyright file generated. So it's got the upstream source. And also, well, devian slash rules is pretty boring, but that's actually kind of the point. So the minus with alpha just says use our helper tool and packaging max is totally trivial, and you should all do it. And I have 10 seconds or something? Yeah. Okay, let's go back to the penguins then. One, two, one. Penguins! All right. Next is Mr. Phi doing some phi. At this point I'd like to say hello, Louisa. She's not here, she's been to DevCon before, so hello. Yeah, it seems to be on. So I will show you the phi CD. There are several flavors of the CD. Phi is a fully automatic installation. You can install virtual machine bare metal chain-shoot environments. So if you're on the website, just download the ISO or get one of the other ISOs. The differences are which packages are already included on the CD. And I now just start a virtual machine with the CD. And then there's a short grub menu. We select the client installation. This is a little bit secured. You have to enter file install. So because the whole disk will be wiped. So and then we get a little menu where we can select which type of installation we want to do. A simple installation without any graphical desktop and XFCE or GNOME desktop. We can also install CentOS or Ubuntu. With those installations, the packages would be downloaded from the network. I just start the XFCE installation. And while the installation is running, we have some more information. And maybe you can just distribute it. And yeah, I'm here for questions. Any questions? The question was how do I generate or create the CD? Once I set up the file server, I have two commands. One for creating the potential package mirror. And then the other command just takes the install environment, the potential mirror and my configuration and creates a bootable CD. So two commands, that's it. We support the 32-bit and 64-bit Intel architectures currently. In the past, we had also users that installed the IBM mainframes, Itanium, Spark architectures, Solaris. Yeah, so this is also possible. Alpha. Alpha, yeah, we also had an alpha user. Yeah, that was you. Oh, hello. Hello, alpha user. So now you can see the packages are already installed. At the end, the customization scripts were executed and they were also fine. And the installation took 115 seconds. I now reboot again. And the GRUB menu now defaults to boot from the first disk partition. This is a normal GRUB environment. And now it starts the desktop. In the configuration, I said, please create a demo user with the secret password FAI. And then you have your brand new machine. And what I did, I said, oh, I want to have the GIMP tool also installed during this installation. And it's here. That's it. More questions. Soft update. Yeah, normally this was an initial installation, but FAI can also do a soft update. So if you have installed your desktop or server once with FAI and you change some things in the configuration, we call this soft update. So we do not do a complete new installation, but we do an update of the package list and the customization script may change things in ETC or in other things. So it's also possible. This is a configuration management part. We use mostly shell scripts for our things. But if you have a CF engine or puppet environment, you can also use this with FAI. Or MGMT. Yeah, in the future also MGMT. Sure. Five minutes. Questions. Come on. How would you customize things? What I can show you is, for example, the disk configuration. And there's a class feature. These are files that describe how the disk will be partitioned. They just look like FSTAP file. So it's very easy to write a file for a different partition type. And for the software package selection, we have a directory. And in this directory we have several files. And every file will be selected if it matches a FAI class name. And they look just like this. In the first line we say which package tool we want to use. We also support the RPM packages and then just give the list of the package names. You can also add the slash testing or use apt pinning. Yeah, so it's just write down the name of the packages that will be installed if the machine belongs to the class Debian in this case. What else can I show you? We have also a monitor tool. So if you install a lot of machines, it will look like this. There's also an animation if I have my network running. Not yet. So every machine connects the server and says hello, I'm booting up. I'm doing the partitioning part. I'm doing the package installation. I'm doing the customization part. And then you have a nice tool just to see, yeah, there it is. It would run like this, maybe not that fast. And so you could monitor the machines during their installation.  Or we have minor or major problems with it. And then you have to look at the lock files. And the lock files will all be copied onto the server. So even the machine will not manage to reboot. You have the lock files on the server and can see which things went wrong. Okay, more questions. Okay, then thank you very much. Thanks everybody for coming. The next lightning talks will be next year in Montreal. See you then. Bye.