Hello and welcome to town meeting TV. Thanks for tuning in today. My name is Bobby Luciae and today's program will be focused on the age strong Vermont program a roadmap for an age-friendly state and To talk a little bit more about the new plan that has been released for age strong Vermont. We're joined by Rhonda Williams and Angela Smith-Jane. Thank you both so much for joining us to talk a little bit about this plan today Thank you for having us. Yes, awesome. So Before we jump into the plan, I think if both of you could just introduce yourselves what your role is at age strong Vermont in state government and How this plan came about but we'll start with them just an introduction Angela if you want to go first. Sure Angela Smith-Jane. I'm the adult services division director at the Department of Disabilities aging and independent living and My role is to oversee Our home and community-based long-term care programs that are both for older Vermonters and for Vermonters with physical disabilities So we our goal is and our mission at Dale is to make Vermont the best place to grow old or live with a disability Dignity respect and independence and so we work with a team across Vermont to help support Vermonters to do that. Awesome. Okay. Rhonda. Yes. Thank you for this opportunity Rhonda Williams Vermont Department of Health And I'm the chief of the chronic disease prevention And so some of our work really centers around prevention prevention of chronic disease for all Vermonters And so part of my role is as director of the tobacco Program for the state as a major cause of disability morbidity and premature death And also to improve respiratory health And just lastly but not least certainly is our state has been Recently funded in the last five years to advance a public health directive for Alzheimer's Dementia's and healthy aging and brain health So this work around a strong Vermont really ties in well with our mission at the health department To create the healthiest state for all Vermonters to to age to age well Yeah, so can you talk a little bit about what age strong Vermont is? So you're both involved in your capacities as Leaders in state government and I understand there are other folks also involved that that contributed to this plan But how did this program kind of come about enough if one of you wants to sure So it really stems from the older Vermonters Act, which was legislation that passed in the state in 2020 and the older Vermonters Act set out a set of principles to guide state government Around supporting aging well And it called on the state to create an action plan for aging well To put forward a proposal for how to do that and then to create that type of a plan So that was 2020 three years ago And since then the health department and the department of disabilities aging and independent living took the lead together in launching that work and brought together a lot of Individuals and organizations from other state agencies as well as community partners doing work across a range of sectors Bringing bringing people together to start to develop this this plan Yeah, and and so are you both members of the steering committee for the plan? Yeah So and how many other folks are are there on that committee? Yeah So we have a we have a large advisory committee of approximately 35 different organizations And and including older Vermonters and and family caregivers are part of that advisory committee So they've been really kind of providing a lot of good guidance for the development of the plan and then we have a smaller steering committee that Has been really, you know doing a lot of the behind-the-scenes work to keep the plan Under development and moving along and that includes in addition to the health department and and Dale It also includes the community of Vermont elders also known as Cove Vermont association of area agencies on aging and AARP of Vermont, right? Okay Yeah, I just want to say that the advisory committee has been meeting frequently every two months and I think one of the unique aspects of it has been bringing data that supports and Allows for discussion and questioning around the principles of aging brought forth by the legislature in 2020 as Angela mentioned and That's been such a great learning experience I think for the advisory committee, but as importantly is then really informing content going into the plan and taking the draft draft plan as it developed to different communities To discuss and gain feedback and we're still in that process, which we'll talk about in just a little bit So this plan was released November 1st. Is that right? That's right. Congratulations. Just a few days ago so there are Already, you know sort of action plans and play, you know Vermont has a state plan on aging a state health improvement plan a state action plan on Alzheimer's related to Mention healthy aging and there are other plans in place So what's the value of this particular plan and how it interacts with all those other plans that are in that are already in place to move our state forward Yeah, all of those plans are really important and have a particular focus The reason age strong Vermont is different and unique and really new to our state is that it's taking a Visionary approach looking out 10 years and a multi-sector approach So it's not talking just about what are the services that are needed to support aging but really looking at aging across the lifespan and the fact that it touches all aspects of life, right? So it's putting our goals and objectives related to Health and wellness side by side with housing and Transportation and social connection and family caregivers because it's all interconnected Usually these things are done in separately, right in and that can lead to siloed work And not necessarily maximizing the resources that we have To really keep us on that vision So this plan It's been great in that it's brought together all the voices from all those different sectors Really to come together with a common goal And I think it's been a really valuable experience and I'm looking forward to the next phase of implementation I think it's impressive to me to and you can find the plan at I think it's healthvermont.gov A strong VT that's where you can go and find this plan and there are some really Specific data-driven objectives that you all have have set out to influence to move the needle on some of these issues Do you want to talk about you know, there are a lot of them there were like I don't know if they're and I mean they kind of fall into these broader categories But do you want to talk about just some of those specific objectives that you're trying to move forward with this plan? I would say that it's a combination of being aspirational and also Taking into accountability and how do we how do we make ourselves accountable is through being specific? and so most of our principles are supported by very specific objectives and Then strategies for achieving those objectives our plan is that This next year we'll develop a dashboard I think our plan is within the first six months to take the Data from each of the principles of the plan and select those that At least at least are measurable, but also matter because we want to Show that over time and within ten years that we are creating impact together And a dashboard allows for any of our monitor to go and see how that how that is coming along So in health and optimal wellness Some of the measures include improving mental health Other measures and a lot of discussion around making accessible physical activity healthy and affordable nutrition and safe Sidewalks more sidewalks and safer sidewalks So those are just a couple examples from one of the sections of the plan But then those also relate like how can you have physical mental and emotional health with also having financial stability or being able to feel Engaged and also included in society and so I think one of the Main discussion points or threads throughout our planning has been that we Together can combat and overcome some of the ageism that we see reflected unfortunately in employment practices or reflected in lack of cultural Events that are oriented towards those who are older in transportation that can help For people to feel no matter your age that you have access to the very strengths and wonderful aspects of our state All through your aging Are there you already mentioned this a little bit, but I think this it is it does Speak loudly in the plan that there's a desire to combat ageism throughout Vermont's systems and culture. Can you speak a little bit more to how that how ageism shows up in our culture in The ways that we plan for our society mentioned a couple of other any other things that come to mind Gosh, I mean I think we're bombarded with ages messages all the time in our culture in in media and social media just You know our culture is very youth oriented, right and so Think about the jokes that you hear about growing older having a senior moment all of those types of things are Contributing to ageism because it impacts how we how we think how we feel and how we act, right? And then we know that ageism shows up In employment in age discrimination One of the objectives of the plan is to really be able to increase the opportunities for employment for older older adults who want to work or need to work to really Capitalize on the wisdom and skill of our older workforce Versus Forcing people into retirement if they don't want to do that Ageism can show up, you know, so through through institutional practices thinking about in in a healthcare delivery system where older adults, you know May complain of pain and people. Oh, that's just part of aging, you know and Versus really working with that individual to address their pain As one example it can be over prescribing or under prescribing medications And then when you think about resources and resource allocation in a state budget for example, right looking at the the concept of of health prevention health promotion and disease prevention They're making sure that we're allocating resources across the spectrum of populations, right as a state that's aging where one in three of us will be over the age of 60 by 2030 We need to ensure that resources are allocated In a way that supports all of us to age well and doesn't leave anyone behind So one of the practices that we're changing at the health department is how we are analyzing and sharing our data before our Plan really got underway. It was pointed out to us. It's like why does the data stop at age 65? Where we had bracketed the data in in these 15-year age groups up into age 65 great question and so and looking at that and seeing what we could do to make more data available across demographics across health conditions in so many different ways that we use data to understand how well we are doing in Vermont and Now we are able going we're going to be sharing data that is more inclusive For older Vermonters. So it's one small example. Yeah. Yeah, it does. It sounds like you've laid out there's a lot of work to do to combat the ageism in our state and to create an environment and a culture where folks can age with dignity It might be helpful to understand, you know, what is our state doing well in supporting our aging population? You know, are there any kind of wins that we can say like, okay We're actually doing this pretty well and then this is where we need to focus or is it kind of just we need to be improving everywhere in everything that we're doing So that's a big question And I will say if if folks are interested in learning more about what we learned from Vermonters themselves because in Leading up to the development of the plan one of the first things we did was kind of a needs assessment What's working? Well, what's not working? Well, and we asked Vermonters a lot of questions We did a big survey around Aging we did public listening sessions across the state and then focus groups with individual Communities and learned a lot from from folks In addition, we looked at all of the data that we have around programs and services and and population Measures around how are we doing? I can say from the work that I do at Dale Vermont has been a leader in terms of offering Choices as people get older and for their care For many years, so Vermont typically ranks in the in the top third of the the country around access to long-term care options and choices and Being able to support many people to age in place to be able to receive Supports in their own home as if they want if they want to continue living there That has become more challenging over the years with our workforce challenges statewide, right? So Making sure that we have a really robust Workforce of people who can provide those services is a key focus at at at my department right now and I would say the strengths also include the Strong history of really valuable Work in early right the early stages of life those first years and setting High standards and sets of services including nurse home visiting partnerships and other types of programming that Supply some of those foundational foundational pieces Early in life But we also as Angela mentioned need to look at the resource allocation and some of the evidence base for older residents and What do those look like? So there is work underway around And you had mentioned it before we started of a farm to plate Well farmed a plate farmed a school all white wonderful work and now there's farmed to institution and farmed a congregation and Increasing the access to healthy and affordable Nutrition is so important to continuing Not only living well, but also offsetting chronic disease and the impact that so many people Experience from chronic disease and they're in their older years so I do think we have a strong foundation early in life and That overall Vermont does rank well in health among older residents however there are Health inequities and so when you look at the data closer you see that those who are Black indigenous and people of color those who are low income those who are very rural those with disabilities that we as a Set of stakeholders as whether you're in government whether you're an organizational business Non-governmental work is we have a obligation and responsibility to close those gaps. And so the plan is Really geared and really taking seriously. I think that aging strong is aging strong for everyone and as more data becomes available and looking at our populations in Vermont bringing that data to more listening sessions and more and Opportunities for input from Vermonters Just to to share. Yeah, are they improving too? Are we all improving? so Can I just piggyback on one thing that Rhonda said when she was talking about how we all have a role to play in this That's I think another piece that's really unique in this plan is that it really is an all hands-on deck type of plan We are not going to accomplish the goals in age strong Vermont just as state government It really we really need the You know businesses communities local town government local organizations and Volunteers and individuals to be really be a part of a part of the work and a part of the solution to Accomplish these goals and that's also where I think there is a lot of strength in Vermont. We have really Sort of strong local organizations that have stepped up to fill gaps And to support aging well in different ways. So there's good innovation happening all across the state Can the question is can we lift those up and be able to replicate and and you know create them across across all counties? for example You talked you both mentioned Resource allocation and how resources are divided in our state to support different populations You know there's it's an ambitious plan with lots of goals that will require Some resources including so you know like one of the I think one of the first very concrete objectives is to increase income for you know for aging folks, so How are you thinking about mobilizing resource like are the resources you know it was active act 156 Did that unlock resources for some of this work? Is there you know where where do the resources have to come from? And I imagine it's a combination of you know from local Businesses and state government, but how are you thinking about the mobilizing the resources necessary to get this work done? I? Think you're right that act 156 while it didn't unleash Fund specifically it did allow for Personnel like ourselves to dedicate time and thought and action towards this Comprehensive topic so that is a type of resource and along the way Then we've and continue to explore different types of resources including philanthropic support and we gained philanthropic support from the Vermont Community Foundation for evaluation and integrating evaluation from the start We are looking at over time exploring policies because policy and building in policy that especially through a health equity lens is a form of very significant support and And you see that sprinkled throughout the plan are a call for or explore a need for Policy and budget related action now. None of it is certainly guaranteed, but it is laid out specifically And we intend to hold ourselves to that as a collective through an implementation Committee and the implementation committee really helping to submit what are the next steps as we undertake each of these areas of the plan and Adjusting as we need to to be as successful as possible right and You know because it's a it's a it's a ten-year plan You know some of some of the Strategies outlined in the plan don't take a lot of funding resources take a lot of people resources, right? And so we can start working with those while also working towards You know towards the goal of policy change or funding support and over time You know, I think one of the one of my hopes for the plan as well is that it's not only a Plan to guide the work guide our work, but also to guide policy making into the future and and And budget making into the future so it can be a kind of a guidepost or a roadmap if you will for for Those making those decisions They can see does, you know, here's this funding request coming to us Does this align with the goals and age strong Vermont? Is it going to help get us down further down that road or put a barrier up on that road? And then as we're looking at opportunities to apply for federal funding for new grant New grants that may be coming down the pike instead of having to question. Oh Does this you know, does this fit in with our work? We already know if it does or it doesn't because it's outlined for us in that plan and we can use that as a foundation for Seeking additional support over time I might be too early to to say but in terms of this upcoming state legislative session Is there anything on this plans radar as far as you know, is are there any? Is there any pieces of legislation that might be that might impact your work? At all that you're hoping to steer with this plan. I'm aware of one I'm sure there's more But just in the last couple weeks The Alzheimer's Association nationally and then in state chapters They assess and analyze what are policies that are going to advance either on the prevention side and you know improving brain health or improving and delivering services to those Those already impacted by neurodegenerative disease or their caregiver care partner and what we have heard is taking some of what CDC is funding for the health department and Putting that into statute so that it sustains itself and that really is the intent of our work in this plan is that over time by Integrating into the considerations for aging strong into policy into budgets into work plans into personnel descriptions is That we are building in sustainability Yeah, I think we have just a few minutes left How can folks get involved in the work that you're doing and this plan? I saw that there's maybe a link for providing feedback to the plan or so how can folks get involved? Right so in the immediate in the immediate future or right now We're in the public comment phase for the plan So the month of November and people can go online read the plan There's a link to be able to provide feedback So that is probably the most immediate ask that we have we absolutely welcome Welcome feedback and ideas questions. Is there anything missing in the plan? People should be welcome to share as much as they would like And then as we head forward towards 2024 and implementation The question is how do people want to be involved? Certainly, we want this to be a living breathing document. That's evolving and growing as over time so we'll need our Implementation committees to kind of move the different pieces along and keep us accountable to that But then if people have Ideas around, you know something that they want to implement in their community that connects to age strong We'd love to hear about that too and see how we can support those efforts Right so the public are invited to attend meetings to provide their input that way or To email us there's contact information on the website We really intend to also go out into the community and just have different modalities so that people can Give their input and their ideas and We hope be involved with us. Awesome. Yeah, Rhonda and Angela Thank you so much for coming in to talk about this plan and congratulations on getting the The first version of it out there into the world and thank you for coming in today. Thank you so much for having us Yeah, and thank you for tuning in to town meeting TV. You can watch this program and many more at CH 17 dot TV So long


Well, I wish that I had a million quads, which is what Jeffries has received, and Torres also do try to have a conversation, but they clearly don't want to have a dialogue, they don't want to have a conversation, which to me makes it seem as if they're afraid to know the truth of what's actually going on. And I guess their APAC donors make that very difficult should they start to listen to what actually the rest of the world, the rest of the United States, the bulk of the United States wants a ceasefire. There's never been a peace that's been attained through violence. We have to have a permanent ceasefire and save the lives of all those people that are now basically in a corner just being shot at like fish in a barrel and very, as we know and was seen during the South African testimony, pages and pages and pages that clearly say this is a genocide.


Demonic Presence at Unsafe Levels. Lockdown. Anyf- Demonic Presence at Unsafe Levels. Lockdown. Anyf- Unsafe Levels. Take full responsibility for the harvest.


Secret agent K-7 returned. America's number one adventurer K-7, former United States secret agent, who operated in 22 countries on land on sea and in the air, brings you a story of today. And here is K-7. Ladies and gentlemen, recently a nation faced invasion. However, the power that threatened knew that world disapproval and perhaps reprisals would be bound to follow any military move. This knowledge resulted in a new form of attack. Spies were sent into the country with instructions to win sympathizers, harm them and create a situation that would look like civil war. The pirate nation could then send in its troops to reestablish order. Such is the background plot of the story which John Holbrooke now introduces. Thank you, K-7. All nations today face one problem, that of enemies within their borders. Some of these enemies are spies, others are aliens, still others, citizens and naturalized citizens. Recently in some parts of the world, attempts have been made to arm these enemies. Such was the situation which was responsible for special agent M being called to the office of a certain high-ranking military official. We join him as he and his assistant, Yvonne, study several bullets on the official's desk. Yes, I have seen bullets like these. They're made in but one country and fit only that country's rifles. I had no idea your government was buying munitions for them. We are not, special agent M. Then where did these come from? A case of these bullets was found at the site of one of our roads. It had evidently fallen from a truck. And does that mean these bullets were brought into the country without your knowledge, Mr? Exactly. The implications are that someone is smuggling munitions into this country. But why? I can guess why. Your government has been, shall we say, a little unstable in recent months? That is true. We have three powerful political parties. One of those parties sympathizes with our enemy. Its members should be armed. It's the fact that one case of bullets was found, enough to make you believe that? No, mademoiselle. That would be jumping at conclusions. However, the fact that such a case of bullets was found proves this letter which came this morning is important. A letter? Who is it from? One of our customs men at this small border town. Here, read it. I have definite proof that arms are being smuggled across the border at this point. If an investigator is sent, I will give him all necessary information. We will start tonight. Agent M and Yvonne left for the border by train early that evening. However, they were to be too late to interview the customs man who had written the letter. As their train sped through the night, a black sedan moved up the street of the border town. Are you ready? Yes. He lives in the second house ahead. As we pass, throw the bomb through one of the windows. I'm ready. Right. Agent M and Yvonne arrived the next morning. They heard the news immediately. We joined them as they talked together a few hours later. Now, we've got to be cautious, Yvonne.  Somehow the man who was smuggling arms knew that he betrayed them. They dynamized his home. Yes, it was completely wrecked. However, we're not going to let that stop us. While you were keeping out of sight, I found out a few things. A large fast truck passes through two or three nights a week. How did you discover that, M? On one of the early trips, a peasant was stopped and asked directions. Others have seen it. These people don't want to talk. I have to satisfy myself with bits of information gathered here and there. However, there's one piece that is important. Go on. It means a job for you. There's one cafe here that is quite large. The customs men who are off duty make it their headquarters. Yvonne, have you ever had your fortune told? Of course. Every woman has it sometimes. Good. Tomorrow night, you're going to become a gypsy. And you're going to tell fortune. The next night, Yvonne appeared at the cafe dressed as a gypsy. In a few minutes, a soldier in the uniform of a private came in alone and seated himself at one of the tables. Your order, Monsieur? A wine, Grand Van Royal. At once, Monsieur. Of course, my comrades feel so. And I will tell you of the future. Let me tell you of fortune, Monsieur. Later, perhaps, the two men in the car in a circle taught them. Thank you, Monsieur. I will come back. Cross the gypsum, come. How much longer before we cross the border? Another hour. The truck is being loaded. We go over after it at 10 o'clock. You will have no trouble? Of course not. You think these other fools want their homes bombed? No, we will have no more trouble. And the guards who are left like the money, we pay them too well. Cross the gypsum, come. In another month, we will have brought in enough guns to harm everyone who sympathizes with us. And the revolution. A toast to the revolution, my friend. Be quiet. Monsieur, let me tell you about the future. Cross my palm with silver, and I will tell you of the future. We are not interested. Oh, but I am interested, Sergio. Which is beautiful. Sit down, mademoiselle. Thank you. You would like to know if you would have much gold, Monsieur? Well, you can tell me. Yes, as Paul asks. Your friend does not believe, Monsieur. Give me your hand, and I will show him. It is all in the line. He will be pleasant to have you hold my hand. Now tell me, I will be rich. Monsieur, your hand is strong. And the lifeline, it is long. You will live to be old. I suppose you see a fortune for him, too. A fortune? That is a faith-wielded. Your hand shows many things, Monsieur. This line. It means that you do as you please. Laws mean nothing to you.  What did you say? It is in your hand. You would crush your enemies. You are a man of action, yes? And here is another line. It shows that you do things people do not know about. You work in the night. Your work is dangerous, too. What are you saying? Stop. I don't want to hear anymore. There is more, Monsieur. You are interested in guns. Let us get out of here. Yes. Yes, it's time we were starting. I don't want to hear anymore. Come on. Here's your silver. Thank you, Monsieur. Let the gypsy tell you, Monsieur. Yvonne circled the café as the two men left. She walked slowly. A few minutes later she again stopped before the soldier's table. Did you find out anything, Yvonne? Yes. They are the two you are after. As I came up to their table, the one who let me read his palm said, in another month we will have enough guns to arm everyone who sympathizes with us. Then he toasted the revolution. Good work. Anything else? Not much. Only that I frightened them by hinting at things we already know. The second man said it was time for them to stop, and they left. Time for them to stop. That may mean they're going to bring through munitions tonight. Yvonne, I'm leaving. I want you to follow me in a few minutes. Walk straight up the road. I'll be waiting for you in a car. A few minutes later, Yvonne joined them. She found him at the wheel of a powerful roadster. Together they drove to within a few hundred yards of the customs house at the side of Yvonne and a national highway. M stopped the car in the shadow well off the road. We'll wait here, Yvonne, or at least you will. I'm going to try and get as near the customs house as I can in the darkness. Push over behind the wheel and keep the motor running. We're going to follow the truck if it comes through. Yes, we're going to follow it and seize it, Yvonne. As soon as it comes, I'll run back here and we'll be ready to go. Wait, wait, faster. Now, I may not have time to do more than jump on the running board. Now, that's all. Keep your eyes open. M cautiously made his way to a spot near the customs gates. To his surprise, he found the gates open. There seemed to be no one around. He decided to go on for a few hundred feet. Then he saw the lights of a truck approaching. It passed him at high speed. Further down the road, Yvonne also saw the truck coming. It flashed by her, but she could not see him. Why doesn't M come? We won't be able to catch them. M, where are you? Something must have gone wrong. Stop. I'll do it myself. See them ahead. I'm catching up. Oh, I'm almost alongside. At the customs house, M watched as the truck and Yvonne's car had disappeared in the night. He had taken a picture of the truck with his infrared camera as it flashed by. Then he ran toward Yvonne and the car. Before he could reach her, she sped away. A minute later, he heard the crash up the road and ran toward the spot. Yvonne. Yvonne. Are you all right? Oh, there's something ahead. Yvonne. M, over here. Are you all right, Yvonne? Yes. When I shot that tire, they threw it into me. I went into the ditch. Where are they? Here. Those of them are knocked out. Oh, I'm afraid they're more than knocked out. Yeah, wait. What's this? A code book, Yvonne. This book, it was in one of their pockets. Yes, and here are names and addresses. Yvonne, this book is more important than the truck. It will crush the ring of spies and sympathizers who are plotting against this country. Through the addresses found in the book, the authorities located a fully equipped military headquarters in a basement in the center of the nation's capital city. Wholesale arrests followed, and there was a great national scandal. The plot to cause a revolution was crushed. Listen for my next story. This is K-7 speaking.


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Hey, it's already out. And then place it across so that it's secure. And you'll pick up your weapon and you'll know. Check in my bag. If you do nothing wrong correctly, you will carry this person. Attention. I'll make you know. I'm going to tell you, won't you put that tourniquet on? It's hurting right now. Find a tourniquet. This is what's best for you. Oh yeah, check in smart. So typically if you have a lower... There's a hole in the back, but hold on. Okay. Don't move. You can do something. Okay, let it go. I'm suppressing fire right now. Any questions? Like take everything down as if we're going home. Because I... Rope Q1, Rope Q site. I'm going to have to stop operation. Do what I said.


And open protocols and open source and open data are a better long-term bet for the success of your company and for retaining consumers for longer periods of time. But the days of developing standalone software are fast coming to an end. So here's an example we have. This is a MathLine event. This is a mashup, or a piece of software that basically pulls data and logic from multiple sources. It comes from competing sources and does something innovative and different with them. This is not a system that runs on one machine on the internet. It relies on a lot of different services. We're going to see more and more of that as we go along. So what does a liberated product look like? As we see it, it's in addition to things such as APIs where engineers and developers can access data and synchronize data and pull information and logic over to other services.  A simple way for you is to just say, I'm revoking my trust in you, I'm taking my data with me, and I'm going to bring it elsewhere. And that does work in the assumption that there are second sources available. But any data you create or put into a product, you should be able to take with you. There's a number of reasons why products are liberated. The most obvious one is the business reason of people, the companies fear they're going to lose their users. They focus on getting them, and then they focus merely on keeping them, and not on innovating and working to retain them to creating a product that they want to use more. So, but that's on the business side. More on the technical side, there's a lot of interesting difficulties here. Lossy conversion from one format to the next can be a problem, especially when you're doing it in proprietary formats, which is, again, when we seek to use open formats for possible. Speed of implementation is important. If you want to get a product out the door, you really want to focus on getting the product out the door, and not necessarily on liberating and making it easy for users to move their data from one place to the next. But quite frankly, data size can also cause difficulties. Hard disks have been increasing these sizes at a tremendous rate. It's an order of magnitude every four years, which makes it more as a law, like a jail, quite frankly. But our network speeds have been going very slowly. So if I want to get four terabytes from Chicago to Brussels, I'm going to put it on hard drives and put it in my luggage and take it with me in the airplane. The internet's not going to serve me for that. But lastly, again, internet resources are a finite cost, and you need to focus and prioritize. So that's why many products look at these later. And again, consumers, even though look at this typically at first, when you start using a product, people don't look at it and say, you know, am I going to get my data out of this? But again, these are not insurmountable issues. So liberation is important for a couple of reasons, and I want to point out a couple criteria that I use whenever I switch to a new product or look at a new product that's hosted in the cloud. The first question is, am I going to be able to get my data out? The second question is, what's it going to cost me above and beyond what I'm already paying for the service? Is there an additional fee? The third thing is, how much of my time is it going to take to get my data out? If I put 500 of my photos in a photo service on the internet, and I have to click save, download, you know, put here for all 500 photos, it's going to take me 12 hours, and who's really going to do that? Again, the door's not locked, but it's darn well-willed and shut. So to sort of tie it all together, lock-in is a short-term solution, liberation is more of a long-term solution. You're going to expect to own their data in the cloud just in the way that they own their data in their computers. And the ability to revoke your trust in a company or service is very important if you want to build and keep that trust. An interesting thing about the internet is that cost of distribution is rapidly approaching zero. This makes it very easy for new companies to get in the game, and it makes it even easier for people to try new products. This is very, very disruptive. We think this is a good thing because it makes competition much more intense and much better for consumers. So the way you compete in this situation with distribution zero, cost of entry is very low, is to innovate and not to lock people in. So just to briefly touch on, we have a nice grid of examples of some of our products and some of the different ways that we allow users to take our data out. My team in specific has worked on iGoogle Blogger, Google Notebook, Google Finance, Maps, History, that sort of thing. But an interesting, I'll just use one quick example, is we liberated Notebook about nine months before the company decided to cancel it. And Notebook is this little browser plugin where you can put notes in, copy the little excerpts from web pages and save them and annotate them. Users were obviously, who used this were very disappointed that we were closing off this product because it's very useful to them. But we had a competitor, a small company that did a very similar thing and they released a press release and a blog post and a video showing you how to take your data out of Notebook and put it into their product. This was a huge win for our users, myself included, who had a number of Notebooks. It made it not only safer for me to use this, but I felt more comfortable and certainly less angry that I was going to lose my data. We're currently working on two other products, Google Sites. We're trying to get users to put more of their data into a website through our product called Sites, which is sort of like a super wiki of some sort. So we're providing a way for people to download the whole site as HTML using micro formats that you can just drop in any Apache web server behind there. And beyond that, Docs and Spreadsheets. Remember that example of photos, 500 pictures to click a button? That's currently the case with Docs and Spreadsheets.  We were working on a way to basically select multiple documents, if not all of them, and create a zip file or zip archive and let you download that all at once. So again, we think the liberation and the ability for users to take their Docs with them, their data with them is important, and lock-in is definitely not the long-term solution. Thank you very much.