Hi, this is Jack Lipton, and this is an investor in Intel interview with Brent Willis, the CEO of Voyageur Pharmaceutical. Is that a correct pronunciation? Okay. And just to say in the beginning, before I ask you any questions, I really think that you've got a very good business model. I wish I'd thought of it years ago. In any case, first give us a synopsis of what your company does, and then I'm going to ask you some questions. Sure. We transformed ourselves from a mineral exploration company to, after discovering a very pure deposit of barium sulfate in BC, Canada to a pharmaceutical company. And what we realize that is based on the markets that we're looking at penetrating, if we can fully integrate the space, we can become extremely competitive in that space. So we're focused on drugs for the radiology industry for barium contrast is used for x-rays and CT scans. And we're also developing iodine as well. And our motto is from the earth to the bottle, fully integrating the pharmaceutical space with minerals for our products, which no one else has done in this space. So we think it's going to give us a very competitive advantage, but we forward. Thank you. Let me just tell the audience something. Everyone I think that's watching this has had an x-ray and probably today an MRI or things like that. And you probably never thought of what are they looking at? Not what they're looking for. What are they looking at? Well, your bones are calcium and somberium material and they stop x-rays. So you can see them, but your soft tissue doesn't. So the century ago, physicians figured out they had to decorate these soft tissues without killing you. So they could see from the pattern of material deposit in the soft tissue what the soft tissue looked like, looking for tumors and tears and things like that. Well, they came up, they needed something that was non-toxic. And they finally came up with the chemical compound barium sulfate. And I'm sure that almost all of our viewers have heard the graded term barium enema. But in any case, it means that they use this material, barium sulfate, something found in nature, highly purified, to decorate your tissues so they can see them with x-rays and MRI. Now, typically this material has been available for a long time and it's used as a filler in adhesives and paints and things like that. But in order to use it medically, it has to be extremely pure. And the best way for that is to start out with a deposit of it in nature that's highly pure because purification is expensive. However, pure materials are therefore expensive. And I did not know anyone in North America who was doing this. I know that we import this, the medical material from China. And so Brent, can you tell us the markets you're looking at and how much material you're producing, plan to produce, and what you think your penetration of that market will be? And let me point out you're a domestic supplier, domestic North American supplier. Are you the first? No, we're just repeating a business model by a company called EZEN Canada who took a depleted deposit that was used for oil field drilling out in Nova Scotia. And they took that and they created a high purity barium sulfate for contrast. And they actually built up a very strong business and began to monopolize the North American market. They were bought out by Braco diagnostics who now have a monopoly in this market. So we have one major competitor that we're going up against as we launch into this. And our current market studies, just for one product alone that we're, we did a marketing study and to determine what market should we penetrate first and we decided that it should be the CT abdominal scan market where currently about $75 million a year in the US is being consumed. And that market is actually about $188 million with iodine as the other oral product that's used. So we're moving forward on developing better contrast products that we hope to displace the iodine side of this market as well. So as far as mining goes, it's very simple. This is a hydrothermal vein that's on surface that runs up the side of a mountain and we've drilled it to a maximum depth of 90 meters, average depth 50 meters that we've drilled. We've only drilled on 220 meters of 700 meters of strike that we have to date. And we've proven that just a resource of approximately over 130,000 tons of measured and indicated, sorry, indicated and inferred. So we have a preliminary economic assessment ongoing with SGS Minerals Canada or sorry, SGS Canada who will be presenting that here in the coming month. We should have our PEA completed. And from that, we're going to move forward on building our plants and getting into production. You're going to be producing medical items. You're going to need approval by the health authorities in the various countries. Have you begun that process? Yeah, we've developed five products all have been approved by Health Canada. There was a delay on moving forward into the US market with the FDA because there was a lawsuit. Barium sulfate has been regulated as a drug and the lawsuit that has changed to being regulated as a device. So we are currently working with the FDA right now and we are going to determine with them what classification of device it will be. We're trying to move forward with it as a 510K but all of that is coming together. The FDA, you know, they have a mandate to break up monopolies. So they are moving forward with us to try to get us into the market and lower our cost to get into market. So you're saying that at the present time there's just one supplier in the market? There's one supplier in North America. There's a few others that sell barium sulfates and there's only one supplier of natural occurring barium for pharmaceutical barium sulfate and that's out of China. So everyone else is using what is called blank picks which is an expensive chemically synthetically made product. And that's a point I think that our viewers have to know. Barium sulfate used in commercial applications as an additive is not very expensive. What's the difference in selling price and cost between material for medical use and let's say industrial use? Well, a lower-end industrial barium sulfate would be approximately around $500 to $700 a ton and pharmaceutical is roughly, you know, FOB over in China would be between $3,000 and $4,000 a ton. But with freight rates right now it's, you know, you've got to add on another anywhere from $800 to $1,000 a ton just to get it across the ocean due to the supply constraints that's going on. Are there any tariffs assessed against Chinese products in Canada or the US? No, I do not believe so. Do you plan to service just the North American market? No, currently we are working on, as we move forward with our FDA application, we're using this application working with a few consulting companies and we're also at the same time creating a massive drug file for the EU. It is regulated differently over there. So each country regulates things differently. Like in Canada it's regulated as a health supplement type of product. Is your purification process proprietary, patentable, or is it pretty much standard? It's fairly standard. We are doing some tweaks to it. We're going to see if we can't create a patent around it, but that's going to take some time. We're going to build our plant first and, you know, as most people understand that doing a bench scale test is one thing. Once we get into building our plant, we're going to do some tweaking and see what we can do to really see if we can create some really special products from there. Are you going to build a manufacturing plant in Canada? That's our plan right now. It makes sense to, you know, we're based in Calgary, so we'll probably build it in Calgary. So we're hands-on. My brother and I, we've been in this business for over 30 years and we've managed and we've rebuilt plants and we have a lot of experience processing barium sulfate. So we're going to be hands-on trying to tweak this into a real special product. Well, I think you're really onto something, quite frankly. And what you, I don't want to use a bad analogy, but let's say I think you picked a rose in a garden that, you know, needs weeding and it's amazing to me. I guess that the real key thing here is that you've discovered a serious barium sulfate deposit in British Columbia, correct? Yeah, people really need to understand how rare that is because barium sulfate is associated with base metals and it's extremely rare to find a deposit that doesn't have any metal contamination. So it's a very unique property. I agree with you. I've never heard of such a discovery in North America. So we wish you luck and I'd like you to keep in touch with us because I want to know how you're proceeding and how things are working with your company. Once again, Voyageur Pharmaceuticals, correct? That's right. Voyageur Pharmaceuticals. Thank you. Thank you, Brent. Thank you very much for your time.


Good to see you back on our show human humane architecture here on think tech Hawaii This is the number of you are you are as you see down there and we are in the 295th show and we is us in tropical Exotic Honolulu Hawaii which you can see and hear flora and fauna wise with you the solo Brown Good day everyone and me Martin this bang back in tempered Munich Germany currently under another heavy Thunderstorm that was ripping things apart yesterday climate change climate change Inevitably so and we're going back to more winds to windy cities ours in Honolulu and the one in Chicago Illinois the solo to pick up from where we had left and so let's go to the first slide Which I'm sure you watch the show what I which I had to do by myself on behalf of us So this is where we left. This is a firm that I keep teasing you quizzing you on Their name and their relevance to Hawaii, but you know it by now This is SOM skidmore owing smell and we know them because of which projects quizzing you again Never letting you off the hook look. I scared you again We know them for the one that I can think of immediately is the Monika beach hotel Up left bingo, right and I helped you out with the other one because that's closer to me work wise That is the engineering building on campus at UH. These are the two projects that we were blessed By SOM, which is one of the largest architectural firm in the United States in the world and They are headquartered, you know in Chicago and so they have this new building that we talked about at the top at the bottom left Fulton market place here and I gave it a try to sort of you know Analyze it or critique it as an amalgamation of their legacies we see a little bit of The Manette not building in it, which was the last one that would build Stereotomically out of solid, you know brick six feet at the base and then tapering getting smaller at the top So they try to allude that with that brick we see there although it's not quite as impressive because You can clearly tell that this is not Stereotomic monolithic and then there is of course which you just mentioned that the top left the stepping down the Cascading of the Mount Ikea beach hotel. However, we're now in the 21st century deeply into speaking of which climate change So what do we see up there at the top left done? Well, and not so well at the new building at the bottom left disorder Well, I'm trying to see what those two what those what those are. Yeah, I know no wait. Are you alluding to the? Munich Olympic Village up there That that one too and in both cases we have some we have summer here too. So in summer we seek the shade, right? Yes, desperately. So all these buildings have that but in Chicago gets very hot too And we don't see any of that because we're looking at the southern elevation There's some promisey greens kind of crawling over the bellows straights there But I'm not sure whenever that will hang down and be so sufficiently to appreciate that facade and The third influence very obviously is obviously the the X bracing The cross bracing and steel that's part of the the structural integrity And that is borrowed from one of their most memorable buildings just you know a few blocks away towards The lake which is the Hancock building which we see at the top right. This is a Bruce Graham building I had to fix and a bug here because I you know, I defaulted back to John Graham Who's our favorite architect of our I want to high rise our best and first and And and you know the buildings high rises in Honolulu. This is not John This is Bruce Graham who is with som was is one of the founding design partners and the magnificent crazy engineer fuzz look on and that was built in 1969 and again You remember that more than me although you were pretty little but I was barely born But that was before that 73 benchmark that changed everything, right? And what was that? That was the energy crisis and that was brought on by the war in the Middle East and when oil exports were cut back OPEC the Association of Petroleum Exporting Countries Suddenly the rest of the world Underwent a terrible retraction and everybody realized wait a minute There isn't unlimited energy for all of us to use and in the USA In particular People suddenly discovered that these huge cars the type that you love and the type that I always thought were terrible Suddenly we're getting absolutely terrible gas mileage and they realize eight or nine or 10 miles per gallon is unworkable And that affected of course cars like the picture that we have in the lower right But it affected architecture as well certainly in terms in many many ways Yeah And and that one by the way, I put freshly in from our exotic escape as an expert Susanna who's Working in a school and her super intendant her boss drives that car probably drives that car And his son is is working on these and fixing these So he promised to get me sentimental as you indicated already and give me a ride And again that one was probably to be guilted because that was 75 So two years later that wake-up call that first wake-up call Maybe one wasn't quite aware of that but the hang-up building above it And you know, there's certain we have a show going on about autos and architecture automobiles and architecture You can see both are sort of high-rises in there in their discipline You know very long and one stands up, which is the building and the other one is horizontal because it has to drive But and and none of these as he alluded we had here Nor did we have the schmalsen thoughts at the land yards Nor did we had high-rises back then but you had them America invented them Of course in Chicago as we were saying at the beginning of this these episodes under the guidance of the German master amise van der woa and so That being said in 69 granted Lee one was still pretty innocent about fossil fuels So the hang-up building didn't really know better or slm at that time, right? But now give us a break at the beginning of the 21st century with all these wake-up calls Maybe we would have loved to see a little bit more Of there, you know monarchy a beach hotel and uh engineering school, which are pretty uh decent tropical exotic buildings that Take shade into account in chicago It's more tricky because we got that winter thing that we don't have in hawai So you've got to basically harvest the sun in the winter and at the same time shy away from it and shape yourself from it in the summertime so more tricky conditions that we are Most aware of by the way because I grew up in it and you spend some of your early childhood Little further east but as cold in Boston, Massachusetts so There is a company that likes to go into iconic buildings. That's one of the corporate coffee roasters in the world Coming from uh america starting in the 70s speaking of 70s and that's the next slide And that is starbucks And starbucks has also acquired snap a space in the prominent building and you see that iconic x bracing there being sort of you know Almost fetishized in the interior design We reminded the audience you the audience that we have one on puhio avenue. That is a starbucks reserve Which is also which went into the building at the show called top right the large picture Which is the former crate and barrel store on michigan avenue the magnificent mile our uh, what calakawa avenue in is in honolulu is that for chicago And now there's a starbucks reserve in there and that is by the architects that we identified We're heavily influenced High-rise wise that is sullaman port world viewance And back then when I was there as a student in the early 90s. That was kind of the the hottest thing and although it was a little Puppy-catted from richard maya and we thought but it was still kind of the best around which is a little sad because it is really like you know one of the coolest building but it was okay and um And but they kept it give them that which one should in these days and Again one these architects were very you know We watching them very closely because they dropped one after another high rise on our islands that we keep to Watch we see a wood as a material to contrast the steel Which is very catchy that wood is always on the inside so it never really changes or weathers but next slide let's throw in a little bit of um life cycle assessment post occupancy evaluation um evidence-based design stuff here from my hometown of hanover the treetop apartment stuff We've been talking about a while here and there over the years I'm always going back every summer and check it out how it ages because that's when buildings show if they really work or what doesn't work So this building is now 20 years young um It has which you always say you like and everyone should have an honolulu has lot nice lots of them large Ones and it has wood and that wood is under glass And that is good in some cases as the the the ground floor retailer Which is a physiotherapist here has a signage on there, which looks very appealing um And then the top floors have glass garbets which we caution and say don't do them in hawai But in germany where it's you know, not always warm. It's over the year It turns out to be more beneficial because it's more cold and warm so um that being said Wood is again is sort of a decorative element here Alluding to a former half timber. It's a cute little House that stood there that was not to be saved But now we want to go to all Solid timber structural solid timber to the next slide And this is a project here We are feeding ourselves from this literature Which is by dom publishers that we are supposed to do and will We promise we will soon And go back and work on on the one for honolulu that philip moiser the owner of the company has asked us to do And this project here is in that book And it's by a young firm as we stayed down there. They're called ultra modern that seems like a promising term to call themselves as a company and it's at that grand park museum area So you walk down michigan michigan a mile magnificent avenue and then cut Corner to the lake which you see there and they're at standing there and it was going through the magazines It was really a fresh breath Which it still is I threw in a picture at the bottom left when it was new but It's weathering that quite heavily as we can see in the details I took Because chicago has the same as us. It's fronting the ocean That lake is not salty as our ocean is but the winds are blowing and so it's quite Irish on wood and so we want to share that but Get us right and not wrong because we're we don't want to complain here and say this is bad It looks ugly tear it down. I'm saying it's great Actually to the degree to point out to people where The where the challenges are but also where the potential where the potential is of wood And so if we go to the next slide We see why I say we Are appreciative of that because both in our practice and in our coaching here We have several examples of our fascination with solid timber as the the left column and the the top role basically shows Um, the two projects the solid timber handicapped school at the top right and In the middle top is the eco wood box kindergarten the first off the grid pass a false kindergarten for our hometown That one is a balloon frame as you call originally the good american construction methods of of light frame And they both made it into the handover edition of the book but more importantly down there We see the emerging generation being encouraged from my Perry days in the very center met the bore Actually proposing high rises out of solid timber at the very bottom. We see Megan Sarkozy with solid timber Um cross laminated timber and nano gel insulated systems with a firmly modified brain screen And very familiar to us at the middle on the right Column, we say Kelly Keanu Was looking into coconut wood Into palm trees and using them for solid timber all very very promising and next slide I also went back to The handicapped school here. This turned out to be the Largest um as far as square footage application of thermally modified timber sprues and pine wood and Little did we know how pioneering it was and probably if we would have known We probably still wouldn't have told our public gentleman client who's only allowed to use things that have been You know experience for 30 years or so which we find kind of tragic because that way The public can never be you know at the forefront and show the the mass What one should do so we we try that and Although on the right side you might say oh, it kind of looks like you know has some green on maybe you know But that's just surface. This is in its defense. That's the north side. So it never gets sun There is this heavy wooded alley. It's always moist there and considering that it's actually holding up fairly fairly well And one of the tricks that also it not just holds up technically well But also aesthetically well because what people don't like is an uneven weathering of wood That makes them feel like it looks kind of shabby So we said we can basically control that by making everything flush By using such a wood that is so resistant Through its only modification process It can actually weather without additional weather protection and that's why we made the aluminum wood felt fact is the company's name a Danish manufacturer windows and All the flashing everything is flush.  You remember that Yes, I can talk about copyright if you want me to Well, anyways, I called you because I was still down because I went to the school I introduced myself to the new director with the last ones. We weren't so uh warm and this one here was a very very warm welcoming And I was so I guess enthused that I started to With her permission to walk around and then I snapped some pictures in there the scenario We had another thunderstorm and they were playing music down there And then the rain was playing uh drums on the et of e-file Which we will go back and explain a little bit more in detail when we are back with met noblet next week Anyways on the way out a very huge teacher went in my way and said not a good idea You are not supposed to take any pictures and I'm supposed to delete them all which he did This one here slipped through and hopefully, you know, we don't violate Privacy too much because the people are almost unnoticeable at least not their personality here So that's that's the only picture as we were saying More reason to say come with me and check it out because that seems to be the predominant Way to to do it um, I I compared it to um the analogy of the usm hala Have you in some office or private residence seen them as furniture the soda? No, I can't remember I don't know Yeah, they're from the the good old 60s that we're talking about That you are from as well, you know at the early the late just before that and i'm from the 60s So um, you were in your in your, you know, our young child age in the 60s So uh fritz halla an architect Invented this here with a company and it became a classic. It's actually since 2021 It's the museum of modern art and I read in 2006. They furnished the uh The office in the museum of modern art with it. So it's a very iconic. It's very cleverly designed. It's out of these, uh, you know Basically chrome steel tubes that have that special corner connector as you can see and there goes You know threaded rods through and you need a special tool to make that happen very cleverly designed and very sort of authentic what what, you know, you you get what you see And that's kind of the the the philosophy of the of the school as well where Everything what you see except on this wall actually because the the top floor the structural engineer Thought he needed to use steel. So it's in in this case it's cladding But in all the other areas it's actually structural. So what you see is actually what you get and vice versa um next slide We we have been informed that They will add on to the school and they have not asked us which honestly, I'm not unhappy about it I think I've been there done it and I'm you know, I'm okay And now I'm in the critical position to still try to not be too biased because of course being the author of the original So but I allow myself, you know, some uh some observation about it and you know, feel free to chip in Please because the in that in that construction poster there everything that's white is the original and everything that's dark gray is the is the new And what's finished is that new bar which is several classrooms And then I guess they're going to add two more in front of the ends of the of the existing building, right? and So I compared it, um, you know a little snarky to the at the bottom right There's a company here that actually sells like starbucks coffee primarily But then has merchandise and like a sears catalog on the side and you can stuff like buy like even furniture as in this case here So then I think to basically not get copyright busted They couldn't copycat the exact corner connection. Then they made this different one, which Seems like if you know the original that was just saw before you think like, okay It's like extending out too much. It's like a horn. It's not supposed to be there And so it is with the building. That's why it's my analogy. You see there's a gutter And the gutter is technically, you know, we had some issues with leaking roofs that luckily the director said it's not that architects fault It was the contractor says I like to hear that you don't know how smooth this flows down I don't hear that too often And that was nice of her so they're they're granted Lee a little, um, you know, um Paranoids because of what what happened but if if that needed really to go to say, okay I don't do an integrated drainage, but I put the gutter on the outside I'm not so sure they're also which you don't see but I tell you They went on the safe side and did a frame system a balloon frame system that we're not again We had that in the eco wood box as well But I think I can bear it again to the furniture if you have a living room or an office Uh, you know equipped with the original And you need a couple more pieces wouldn't you just continue? So what I would have suggested is I provide my construction documents all the specs And they could have just followed that and of course optimized. That's why we do the post occupancy elevation I I'm less interested in what's to be celebrated and what works perfect But what doesn't work because for mistakes we learn and not from success, right? And I want to just say that that picture of the metal framework that protruding piece at the top May look like it's not that significant But in reality those are the types of things in actual practice That end up driving you nuts because you constantly bang into them. You you know, you tear your clothes on them You They it isn't just aesthetic There is a reason why the original doesn't have that This is the type of thing that would I in practice make you nuts I I'm glad I'm glad to say that and the analogy back to metal in the building. You see that that downspout and Mike if you can go back one slide You see on the exterior that we basically also integrated the gutters A square gutters to be flush With a facade because banging them, you know Um This they like to knock on them and drum on them and they don't like that because they're of zinc metal That is not very thick. So there is a practical advantage of that too Besides the uh, the aesthetic over. Yes. Yes. Okay. Uh, let's use the last four minutes to go to the next slide Because this is looking forward to more solid timber Because this is where the trend is going and there is no real reason to shy away from it And this is on my trip to the neighboring big city of hamburg And this is I'm not gonna do another German lesson for you to sort of that's to mean because that's too much here Here in state as höchste holz gebäude deutschland or you want to give it a try probably not So i'm helping you out. All I all I can get is deutschland is at the end and it's true Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, so the the tallest Wooden high rise is going up currently here. It's actually 18 floors and 180 condominiums And apartments a good mix And it's structurally out of timber it has a concrete for the elevator for the staircase But everything else the walls and the ceilings the ceilings are actually side nail timber Just like in the omaze school that we just saw so we're very happy to see that catching on and people, you know continuing to do that And I I post myself in our tradition of automobiles and architecture in front of a car that's very familiar to us, right Is that New York? Is that the same car that i'm familiar with? It is it is like mine, but it's not mine because I took the train as a responsible Commuter these days and this is a twingo. Yes, and it has a sliding ours has a folding sunroof this has a sliding sunroof and The building has biochromatic Cooling too because under construction rendering We see that it's going to be lanai all the way around so I think that's very promising Hope you too the soto and this is now for reyna keesling who is our emerging colleague who you see at the top right Was going to take this on to surprise us to bring this to us in Honolulu, hawai and we will be Is advocate and use best practices from half around the world because what works here Should work there too. So now you are quite astonished structurally this 18 story building Is supported by wood Yeah, it is it is and I took the close up at the bottom left Which you see the wood the solid or the the structural walls And at the top picture above this here And I was looking it up and also the siding the rain screen is also out of timber So it's pretty entirely out of timber Except the very inner core Most likely for the vertical circulation of the staircase and the elevators is is out of concrete But everything else is And so in these pictures, there is a metal framework on the exterior. Is that purely for construction? Yeah, that's scaffolding for construction. Yeah.  Yes, and I saw that because that's an I can read that. Yeah, I'm promoting that and it will be finished. Um, sometimes soon and At the beginning first quarter of 2024. So we will keep um, everyone updated on that one the audience and us and uh Uh, so far, this is it for for this week. We didn't get much to chicago, but there was too much to catch up here from Me driving around which is important too, but promise we will Go back to chicago. And so you are joining us again We will start out then with the apple store that we have one too We actually have two of them one in the mall and one on calacao avenue Just across the corner from us And this one here gets us very exciting because it's by one of the architects who we have been following that is That is lord, um, our baron norman foster The british high tech architect who's a pioneer in biochromatic design So how did you do that with an apple store? You have to sign in next week again to Hear about that and see that all right, so until then the soda have a good week and uh, hopefully we see um matt back next week Or his banish boston boost and until then you guys all stay safe and sound Sound and save Thank you so much for watching think tech hawaii If you like what we do, please click the like and subscribe button on youtube You can also follow us on facebook instagram and linkedin Check out our website think tech hawaii.com Mahalo


Hello, welcome to Toffy TV. It is the Everton News Daily. Everton have officially put in their appeal to try and get those 10 points back. Everton have put out a short statement which says Everton Football Club has today lodged with the chair of the Premier League's traditional panel. It's appeal of the decision by a Premier League commission to impose a 10 point deduction on the club. An appeal board will now be appointed to hear the case. That's it. Short and sweet. We will have to wait probably 2-3 months for this now, maybe more. To try and see if Everton can get any reduction in those 10 points, which have obviously hit us all for six. The Premier League table looks very different, doesn't it, with those 10 points deducted? We should be going into this game ahead of Nottenham Forest. It's trying to increase the gap on them this weekend, but unfortunately we're not. We're going to try and get three points, which wouldn't even take us out of the bottom three. It's horrific in my eyes. Absolutely horrific and I'm still very angry about it. In fact, I find it incredible that we're not even going to get the 10 points back whilst we appeal. I just think put massive pressure on the players, the club and the fans while we have to think about this and look at the table the way it is. It's mad that normal appeal processes, you get your points back or the decision is reversed while the appeal is. So I find this absolutely incredible. But Everton took the two weeks since the initial decision and obviously we'll go through it all now. Obviously we don't know what the defence will be and obviously it will be three new people. Picked by the Premier League of course. I don't know how it can be an independent commission if it's still picked by the Premier League. I still find it baffling that anything is possible, any kind of decision is possible. I find that maddening as well that there's no real tariff. It's just plucked from the sky, isn't it? But it's done and we'll have to just all get on with it now, won't we? Obviously the 1878s have got plans for tomorrow's game against Nottingham Forest. I'm sure there'll be plans for the Newcastle game as well, protesting the Premier League after waiting to see what happens with that. There is going to be a memorial for Everton's late chairman Bill Kenwright on the 18th of December at 2 o'clock at the Liverpool Cathedral. It will last for 19 minutes and anyone who wants to go needs to register their interest with the football club. If you go on Everton's website you will see in the news pages the story and you have to register there for the memorial. So obviously if you're interested in going please do that. Don't just go down there because I believe you won't get in unless you've got the relevant paper work. Obviously they need to know what the numbers are going to be in. So that is going to happen on the 18th of December, 2 o'clock it's going to last for an hour and a half till half three. So if you are interested in that please register your interest on Everton's website. Everton have been heavily linked with Lester Winger, Casey McAtea, 22-year-old has played 11 matches this season, scoring four goals. He is out of contact in summer 2025 and this is an interest on this because this does look like legitimate interest in the player. It's not just a story that has come out of nowhere, it is something that does seem to be real legs in this story. Everton is obviously trying to pick up a young talented winger for obviously a cheap price. He's been at Lester since he was 11 so it's a weird one this. Would you really want to leave Lester at this stage of his career and move to something like Everton? Lester luch odds on to retain to the Premier League? I'm not sure but there is definitely interest in the player so we'll have to wait and see how this one plays out. It looks exciting talent but we'll have to wait and see on this one. Everton today have launched a new clothing range to mark five years of a quality and inclusion campaign. Everton launch has launched the Respect Celebrate Empower clothing range. It marks five years of the clubs altogether now a quality and inclusion campaign. 100% of the net profits will go to Everton in the community to support the vital life changing work in L4 and across Masyside. There will be a link in our description which will take you over to Everton Direct where you'll be able to see all of the different t-shirts. As I said it marks five years of the campaign and if it's all going to Everton in the community it's all worthwhile isn't it? So make sure you have a little look at that if you're interested and get yourself involved in that. Everton in the community has been doing fantastic work for a long long time and this is another part of it. So there you go we have done the match preview, we have done the start and 11 show. Make sure you check them out ahead of tomorrow's game against Nottingham Forest. There's plenty going on at Toffy TV Premier as well. Business with Blaine has gone out a couple of hours ago as well on the 10 point deduction. So make sure you check that out as well. The link is in the description. The QR code is coming up now. Thanks for watching. See you later.


Hello and welcome to the session in which we would look at the CPA exam question or CPA exam simulation that deals with bonds payable. This could be a simulation or a CPA exam multiple choice question and the reason is this. I can give you this information in form of documents, in form of emails, in form of communication or I can give you this question giving you four answer choices. Now I'm going to show you if this was giving in a form of a multiple choice as long as you know the basics it should take you 10 seconds to answer this question as a multiple choice. If this was given to you in a form of a simulation you might have to know the journal entries in order to answer the question or journalize what's giving. So first I'm going to work this problem assuming it's a simulation show you the theoretical concept the journal entries behind everything to come up with the answer that I'm going to show you if it if this is a multiple choice it should take you 10 seconds on the exam day to select the right answer choice. Before we proceed any further I have a public announcement about my company farhatlectures.com. Farhat Accounting Lectures is a supplemental educational tool that's going to help you with your CPA exam preparation as well as your accounting courses. My CPA material is aligned with your CPA review course such as Becker, Roger, Wiley, Gleam, Myles. My accounting courses are aligned with your accounting courses broken down by chapter and topics. My resources consist of lectures multiple choice questions through false questions as well as exercises. Go ahead start your free trial today no obligation no credit card required. Let's go ahead and get started the question is how much did Noah receive upon initially selling the bonds. On January 2nd Noah issued bonds with a face value of 480,000. The bond pays interest semi-annually. On June 30th Noah paid bond interest of 14,400 and recorded interest expense of 18,000. Let's stop right here. Here's what we know so far. On January 2nd we issued a bond for 480,000 that's all what we know. We also know on June 30th we made the cash payment which is six months later of 14,400 and we recorded interest expense of 18,000 because we are told interest expense here. Now what do we know about the bond? Here's what we know so far about the bond. This bond we are dealing with a discount bond. How did I know this? Well I know that I recorded of expense more than what I paid in cash. When does that happen? That happens when the bond was issued at a discount. This is this much I know so without even reading the last statement after the interest payment of June 30th the bond had a carrying value of 363,600. Now this confirms to me that indeed the bond was issued at a discount because the carrying value of the bond is 363,600 which is below the face value. A carrying value below the face value tells you you are dealing with a discount bond and what's going to happen to this discount bond for example if this is the face value of the bond 480,000 if this is a discount bond it's starting at some amount and it's going to go up. Now we know six months later the value is 363,600 and the question is how much was the bond was issued initially. Well initially means six months earlier. Six months earlier is must be less than 363,600. Well do I know this amount? Sure I do. All what I have to do is figure out since I know it's a discount bond how much was the discount amortized for June 30th. How much was the discount was amortized? Well if I paid 14,400 I recorded interest of 18,000 what does that mean? It means of the 18,000 14,400 is actual cash. The remaining is the discount amount of the discount portion of the interest which is 3,600. Well what does that mean? It means my bond carrying value prior to this payment if it's the day which is six months later 363,600. Six months earlier I have to take out the 3600 it means my bond carrying value was 360. What does that mean? It means six months earlier the bond carrying value was 360 and six months earlier this is when I issued the bond. It means I received cash of 360 and the discount of the bond was 100 and must be 120,000. So this bond was issued at 360. How did I know this? Well because my carrying value was 363 six months later it means six months earlier I have to remove the discount I'll figure out that my bond carrying value was 360 it means my total discount was 120. So the carrying value when if you are asked about the carrying value of the one the bond was issued it's 480 which is the face value minus any an amortized premium. So January 2nd January 2nd January 2nd my book value or carrying value was 360. Six months later I'm told 363,600 means I amortized 3600 that's why that's why it went up then another six months later it goes up further by the amount amortized. Now this is the way to solve it the long way assuming you are giving this as a simulation where you have to figure out the answer yourself or you have to record the journal entries. How about if this question was given to you in a multiple choice and a multiple choice again it will take you 10 seconds to answer this question. How? Well here's what I know based on the information giving I'm dealing with a discount bond and I'm I'm told what's the how much it was sold for well it cannot be sold for the face value a discount bond is sold less than the face value that's one two here I'm giving C. C is 476,400 well C how do I compute C? C is taking the bond carrying value which is 480,000 minus the discount 3,600 so if I end up knowing the discount if I real quick said well if I said the difference between 1800 18,000 and 14,400 is 3,600 if I take 480 minus 3,600 it will give me 476,400 yes the answer is there but that that doesn't mean anything all what I did is I took the bond face value minus what I discounted that's not how you figure out how much the bond was sold for okay so that cannot be the answer it's a tricky answer now if I'm between A and D well let's think about it if the bond carrying value is 363 today so remember at January 2nd we don't know the bond carrying value that's unknown I'm gonna say X six months later which is I'm told it's 363,600 okay and maybe another six month later it's gonna be at some number more than 363,600 so it cannot be more than 363,600 which I eliminate C it cannot be more than that therefore what what I'm left with is 360 and on the exam day this is what I would do I will take out B immediately I would see that if I take the difference in discount I'd say that what they did is they took the face value minus the discount that's not how much I sold it for initially assuming I know how bonds work well 366,400 it cannot be because the bond carrying value six months later was higher it means it must be lower six months earlier so the only amount is 360 matter of fact without doing anything if the carrying value is 363,600 so six months earlier it must be a number below that and that's 360 so that's even five second answer assuming I am comfortable with my bonds now how can you be comfortable with your bonds go to four-hat lectures look at additional lectures mcq's true false that's gonna help you understand understand bonds inside out then you are ready to answer questions like these on the cpa exam in five to ten seconds at the beginning this question looks it needs a lot of computation in reality five to ten seconds max if it's a simulation you should be lucky because four-hat lectures approaches everything through journal entries what should you do now study hard prepared whether you are studying for the cpa cma or accounting student good luck and study hard


This is going to be one of the most challenging videos to defend. You, the viewer, have very likely been immunized against the evidence I have to present. If you've watched any documentary on cannabis use made in the modern era, reefer madness will have been held up as an object of ridicule, a hyperbolic overreaction by drug policymakers to a rising tide of drug use by the late 30s youth culture. It's been satirized and mocked endlessly, and I think justifiably so. What I need from you, my audience, is that you put that prior prejudice aside and fairly assess the latest scientific evidence on this topic. None of the primary peer-reviewed sources I'm using here are more than 10 years old, and all of them are by legitimate researchers from around the world. There's a body of evidence recently emerged that links cannabis use, particularly at young age, to risk of psychosis and the schizophrenia spectrum. I'm going to explore the data and I invite you to do the same. I'll only be using sources that you, the viewer, can read and confirm. Because I know what a typical reaction will be to this content, I want to ask you to watch the whole video. Pick at least one primary source and confirm that I'm representing it fairly. Share your findings in the comments if you like. My first source is my most important. It's a comprehensive review of all evidence on this topic up to about a year ago. It's written by a psychiatry group at Yale that specializes in schizophrenia research, and the authors are all very well published in this field. This video will be a summary and paraphrase of that paper. In fact, I'll start with their conclusion, taken word for word from that paper. Exposure to cannabinoids in adolescence confers a higher risk for psychosis outcomes in later life, and the risk is dose related. Individuals with polymorphisms of Compti and AKT1 genes may be at increased risk for psychotic disorders in association with cannabinoids, as are individuals with a family history of psychotic disorders or a history of childhood trauma. The relationship between cannabis and schizophrenia fulfills many but not all of the standard criteria for causality, including temporality, biological gradient, biological plausibility, experimental evidence, consistency, and coherence. At the present time, the evidence indicates that cannabis may be a component cause in the emergence of psychosis, and this warrants serious consideration from the point of view of public health policy. That's a bold statement, probably a surprise to you. Let's start with the three minute guide to schizophrenia. For one thing, it's probably not a single condition, but a collection of abnormalities in the brain that are grouped as following on a spectrum of behavioral symptoms. The common element on a behavioral level is grouped into positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms, behaviors exhibited by patients with schizophrenia, include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought processes, and sometimes movement disorders like constant fidgeting or agitation. Negative symptoms, normal behaviors lacking in patients with schizophrenia, include neglected hygiene or inability to complete routine daily tasks. It may include lack of emotional response or inability to speak in social situations or make decisions. Patients on the schizophrenia spectrum may have only a few of these behaviors or distinct subsets, and their diagnosis of schizophrenia would include where on that spectrum they fall. Underneath the behaviors in the underlying neurobiology, the cause or causes of schizophrenia are still unknown, but it's fair to say that the dominant working theory is around dopamine metabolism. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter found in your brain, and there are several receptors that use it to send signals between brain regions or neurons. I tend to associate dopamine with the reward response, a little burst of pleasure we get when we do something we enjoy. As such, it's involved in most conditioned behaviors and habits, both good and bad. Dopamine is also involved in motor functions. Abnormalities in the brain's dopamine levels in specific brain regions may be involved in Parkinson's and ADHD, and quite likely in psychosis and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Why is this significant to cannabis use? We know that cannabinoid receptors interact with dopamine receptors in the brain, and we know that high potency cannabinoids can induce the symptoms of schizophrenia by disturbing the way your brain handles dopamine signaling. You're probably familiar with the stories of K2 or spice drugs causing psychosis in first-time users. This is probably the origin of the reefer madness idea, using a lot of pot in a short period of time, can cause some of the behaviors that define schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and through the same mechanisms that we suspect actually cause it. But those people go back to normal a few hours later. At this point, at least a few of you are already saying correlation doesn't imply causation, and I applaud your skepticism. The problem is that all causation is correlative. So if we want to look for causation, we have to start with two factors that correlate. How then can we go from two factors being related, in this case early cannabis use and development of psychoses, and determine whether one causes the other? This was the very problem facing Sir Austin Bradford Hill, a British epidemiologist in 1965. He was working on the correlation between smoking and lung cancer. Inspired by the work of Sir Karl Popper, famed philosopher of science, Hill wanted to create a series of predictions that could be falsified by experimental evidence in the absence of a causative relationship. What he created became known as the Bradford Hill criteria, a series of nine factors between two correlated variables, that while never being quite definitive proof, greatly increased confidence in a causative role. I want to go through those nine criteria for cannabis and psychosis. The first factor is temporality or time dependency. We know that people who develop psychoses are significantly more likely to use or have used cannabis than a control population. But which came first? In 69% of cases, cannabis use precedes onset of schizophrenia by at least a year. In only 11% of cases did the onset of psychosis precede the cannabis use. There's reason to be cautious here. Schizophrenia is a disease defined by its symptoms, and it's possible that we could miss the early signs of a silent psychosis. But it can be confirmed that full symptomatic psychosis usually follows cannabis use, not preceded. Next, biological gradient. Does more cannabis use, defined in terms of joint smoked in one's lifetime, put someone at higher risk of the disease state? The evidence is pretty strong that the more pot you smoke, the higher your risk and the earlier the onset of the condition. The earliest work on this was done in a population of 45,000 Swedish conscripts followed over 15 years. Among those who had previously smoked pot at least 50 times, the risk of schizophrenia was 6 times higher. Among intermediate users, those with between 11 and 50 uses, the risk ratio drops to 3 times higher. Other more recent studies have confirmed similar findings, even after all the potential confounding variables have been removed. And when patients smoked five or more joints a day, the risk of developing certain schizophrenia symptoms was elevated 11 fold. Consistency is also a criteria. In the last 20 years, the vast majority of studies on this subject have found the same elevated risk ratio. Seven longitudinal studies, characterized by their large study populations, all of different populations by different authors, have all converged on similar findings, although not all of them reach statistical significance. The next factor is biological plausibility. Since we don't definitively know the cause by which patients develop schizophrenia, it's hard to say if daily cannabinoid stimulation of your brain can lead to a permanent dysregulation. If the dopamine hypothesis is true, then we have a pretty plausible mechanism. Again, we know for a fact that pot smoking is interacting with dopamine metabolism and in regions of the brain that are associated with schizophrenia progression. In another video, I'll talk about all the progressive loss of white and gray matter visualized by MRI in long-term cannabis users. I think, possibly more strongly than the authors of the review, that the biological plausibility is quite high. Coherence refers to the agreement between experiment and observation in real populations. It's hard to do experiments on humans that involve exposing them to marijuana for multiple years, or exposing young people to see how it affects their mental health later in life. That's neither ethical nor feasible. However, in acute exposure, that is a lot of pot in a short time, or high-potency cannabinoid drugs, we do see a good agreement between experimental prediction and the psychosis-like behaviors exhibited. And we know that in patients with schizophrenia, especially those early in the progression of the illness, using cannabis is predictive of worse outcomes, more debilitating symptoms later on. The criteria of experimental evidence is likewise satisfied. So, what's missing from a perfect Bradford Hill criteria test? Certainly specificity. If every person who ever smoked pot developed schizophrenia, the 60s and 70s would have filled the mental health wards. As it stands, the rates of diagnosis of psychosis haven't much changed. Likewise, in one perspective study, only 21% of patients diagnosed with a psychosis ever previously smoked cannabis. What's very instructive is to compare the specificity of linkage to other mental disorders and other drugs. Cannabis users, for example, aren't at significantly more risk of depression or anxiety in the same longitudinal studies. Conversely, alcohol use wasn't significantly linked to psychosis risk, while amphetamine use was, but at a lesser risk than cannabis use. So, the specificity is low but consistent. We're going to come back to this. The strength of the association is likewise low. The relative risk increase is not very much, probably between 40% and 300% increase of psychosis risk with any cannabis use, based on the longitudinal studies we've discussed. At the highest levels of use, multiple joints a day, that risk elevation climbs to 11 fold. Also really striking were patients admitted to treatment with early signs of psychosis induced by cannabis use. Fully half of them progressed to a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The last criteria is analogy. Is this sort of relationship consistent with other similar causative agents? We're trying to falsify whether cannabis use is causative for schizophrenia. We could compare similar component causes. Eating a high sodium diet puts you at risk for heart disease, for example. Not everyone who eats more than 2 grams of salt a day develops heart disease, and not all hypertension is found in people with high salt diets.  A component cause is one that by itself can't explain all disease, and all cases of the disease are not caused by that agent alone. Tobacco smoke is responsible for 21% of all types of cancer related deaths worldwide. By comparison, it's estimated that 8-14% of schizophrenia is the result of cannabis use. The analogy to all cancer and all schizophrenia is chosen intentionally. Cancer is a diverse set of diseases caused by diverse causes all contributing and cross-promoting each other. Likewise, schizophrenia is highly complex and diverse, with multiple causes and risk factors that interact in complex ways. I want to address three of the most common beliefs about cannabis and psychosis or schizophrenia using what we've just discussed. Belief 1. Cannabis can't cause psychosis. It can only bring it out in people already predisposed to mental illness. As we've just addressed, cannabis is a component cause. There's no single cause of schizophrenia. It's a host of factors. From this video, you should be more prepared to understand that this relationship is low strength and low specificity, but that it still represents a serious threat to community mental health. We do know of genes that magnify the psychosis risk of cannabis use. However, like cannabis use, genetics are only a component cause as well. Belief 2. If cannabis causes psychosis and cannabis use is increasing, why are the number of people affected relatively flat? This is a good question and not one that's likely to be answered easily. It's possible that we will see more people with schizophrenia as cannabis use becomes more prevalent. There could be factors that are decreasing some types of schizophrenia while the cannabis-induced schizophrenia diagnoses are increasing. Belief 3.  This has been tested multiple times. What's called reverse causality. What we can say with confidence is that reverse causality fails most of the Bradford Hill criteria, while forward causality meets most of them. We can take a random group of people and, from their cannabis use, make a statistically accurate prediction of which of them will progress to schizophrenia spectrum disorders that is based on the frequency of their use alone. As I mentioned, in only 11% of cases does cannabis use come after symptoms start to show themselves. One of the frustrating things for people new to scientific research is the lack of certainty. You never get to peek to the back of the book to see how it ends or look for spoilers on the internet. In the case of the link between cannabis and schizophrenia, we're still not 100% certain and we may never be. At this point, I can only say we don't have enough evidence to let reefer madness go down in the history books as just silly paranoia. The expert in this field have expressed concern based on solid epidemiology and experimental science. Any public policy decisions we make about how cannabis is handled will have costs and benefits. It doesn't benefit anyone to have false information, propaganda, occupying the debate about which is the best course of action. I hope I've informed and educated you a little bit about a potential risk, and regardless of your choices, I hope for you good health. Thanks for watching.


How's everybody doing today? Happy New Year. It's Brandy, Brand New Bingo. And David and I would like to introduce Rob. Rob is actually the team captain of the band entry for the THONs. And I came to know you, I guess your band entry team started last year for the very first time. Yeah, that's right. Yeah, I think we're just about to start on our third or maybe the fourth THON. So next week, I think, yeah. That's how I came to know you.  I was like, come on, you can do it. So it was great. And I think it might have been your first or second THON I reached out to you. And I said, there was some great scenes, such a great new team that I know they'll pull you out. Great in effort and smaller numbers, but I hope we can improve on that. I think you're doing well. And for everybody who just joined, I did just post the first bingo card. We'll get to it in just a second, but wanted to talk a little bit about India and about if Rob could educate us a little bit on the modern India genealogy, which if I'm correct, you've got the British rule in independent India, right? Yeah, yeah, that's right. So my family were four generations before me in India. I actually have never been to India. I was, my father had moved to Central Africa when I was born, or before I was born. And so the British rule extended up to 1947, the independence. So the records in British India are quite good, but not necessarily 100%. Especially if you have, like I have some Irish ancestors who were in India and were Roman Catholic. And for some curious reason, the British government didn't require the Roman Catholics to submit their birth, marriage, and death records to Britain. So I in fact have a great grandmother who, a lovely looking lady from the photos and bore lots of children, like many of them did, has absolutely zero records other than her death and jumbled poor in 1902. So I have had no records to go on other than that and Family Bible with some handwritten notes. But I managed to deduce where she fitted in the tree by using DNA, which is absolutely fantastic. But it's not 100% certainty. So, well, that's kind of interesting because then you bring in the DNA aspect. And we were talking about how large India is. And I'm gonna guess that most are not testing, DNA testing, but maybe the British rule immigrants, I guess they would be called. Do still do the DNA testing? Yeah, I think there's a lot of descendants of British India people of mixed ethnicity, like me, who can trace roots back to some in Britain, some in Ireland, and some unknown. If you look at the Indian ethnicity, the Indian content, the records that are around are pretty much British records. And one way to get around that is to contact the churches, which is not always successful, but can be done. So if I was somebody, let's say that my neighbor who happens to be from India would like to trace their heritage back. The best way that they would do is go back to contact their community where they are from, from India. Would that be, let's, I forget, I think there's 29 states in India. Would they contact their state or the region or would they contact other people off to contact their church or their local? To be honest, I'm not an expert in that. I would imagine that the church and the community would be your primary sources if they weren't in the records that do exist. Because there are records after the British left, after independence that are on resources like Find My Past. Slightly unfortunately, what's happened with Find My Past records and some other sources that the original documents are not available online. Whereas if you go back further in time, they were. And you could check the transcription, but it's kind of annoying that the modern ones, you don't get to see that and that's a shame. So the hope is that, like globally, I guess, I hate to always use United States as an example because we are talking about genealogy globally. But every day, I notice indexing occurs. And what I couldn't find on a grandparent maybe two years ago, I can find maybe today. So is that the hope? Is that what's going on for those records from Find My Past or they're just at a stall? I think you're right, the indexing is growing. Yes. That's great. But then the other side of it is that they're kind of holding back on some of the information they give you. And maybe it could be a copyright issue, I don't know. I notice Find My Past do have some records from Family Search and I don't really understand who's the lead there, but I guess sometimes it's Family Search, the FHL, so I don't know. I was fascinated because when I was researching this, they were saying Search Ancestry does have some records and Family Search has some records. So I was fascinated. My ancestors in genealogy does not go back to India, but I am really inspired by you coming in and starting the band entry, even with yourself or a few members. It's really inspiring because you're saying we're gonna do this. And then I was hoping, I think if it's anyone to talk a little bit about the 15 Nations Global Tour, and let me put that up. Twist my arm, because India's first. So we're really excited about this one. It was actually a suggestion when we asked how we can celebrate, because this is Wikitree's 15th anniversary year. And so it was suggested that we pick 15 of the more underrepresented countries and try and add their heads of state, figure out last name issues, things like that. So David Randall has taken a lead on this. It's our 15 Nations Global Tour and he's done an exceptional job so far. And I've seen a lot of excited people jumping in to participate, which is super awesome. And our first stop on the tour, as Stanley said, is India. And so they have been hard at work trying to add different heads of state, different notables. And partly the goal is to connect to the tree, but more than that, it's just to have really nice, well-represented profiles for these countries. So they're really focused on the biographies and getting those stickers and categories and really making some nice profiles too. This brings up something interesting too, because if you notice the font, the text, the language is gonna be in, I believe, is this Hindu? I'm not sure. I think my apologies for possibly getting that wrong, but I love seeing the global part of Wiki. It's a nice thing. Yeah, yeah, it's exciting. And I'm really glad it was suggested. I wish I could remember who suggested it, but I don't off the top of my head. But I think it'll be a great project. So each country has three weeks. If you get into a country you're really into, you can keep working on it for sure. Some of these we hope kind of develop into their own projects that continue on, but we'll be doing a new country every three weeks and just see what we can get out of. I think that's great. I was thrilled that India was put first, not only because we're talking to Rob today, but I'm still fascinated by this country because it has so many inhabitants. And as Rob had mentioned prior to us going live, that a lot of inhabitants have moved and migrated. And there's a lot of history here. And it would be just amazing if everybody wanted to help out, pick a family, research, help research. And I know Rob would not mind if anybody was looking for a THON team. Yeah, yeah, please come and join us. He definitely would not mind that. And then keep an eye on this 15 Nations Global Tour because as we said, this is going on, this is continuing. So this is really a cool project to go. So Rob, why did you decide to start the THON team? Well, my first THON I volunteered for the British Oaks or Royal Oaks, a British team, because I live in Gloucestershire. I'm fairly familiar with that. So I signed up for that. And then the next THON came along. I thought, well, yeah, nobody's doing India. We could have a go at that. I mean, I really didn't know what to do. I got fantastic help from you guys how to put the tree together, the space page for the tree team. And then I had to think of a name. And well, what's a well-known Indian tree? And it's a Banyan tree. And I'd heard the word, but I didn't really know what a Banyan tree was. And one of you lovely artists drew that picture. Was that you, Sandy? Oh, you pulled the screen? Yeah, that beautiful picture. That was Sandy or Mandy or somebody. One of you guys on the THON team. Oh, this one. Yeah, that blue one. No, anyone, was that you? No, no. That's beautiful. Beautiful picture. I wanna guess Mindy then, because Mindy does it. Mindy, Mindy, yeah. I was going Mandy, Sandy, yeah. Mindy, yeah, Mindy did that. And there's a real Banyan tree, just if you scroll the other way. There we go. Oh, yeah, yeah. So it was just fun to do.  And we never came last. We came pretty close to last. It's not any way. It's not about that. It's about just contributing. It really is.  People are sick and tired of me saying it, but usually I'm one team Virginia. And one year, we almost did not win. We were 25 short. And with the people who didn't add the one profile or the two profiles, if they did not do it, we would not have won because we barely got this 25 in. We were working at like 6 a.m. Eastern time. So you're right. You're so right. The THON is, I love the THON because I think it's about camaraderie. Yeah. I love talking to everybody. I love seeing what everybody else does. And I love the Hangouts. I love seeing people in the chat tell us what they're working on and things like that. So it was great here. So for those of you that even if you decide not to join the THON, the Band and Tree for the THON, there's still, India is still on the 15 passport tour. And anytime you can come over to this page because Rob has given you his go-to sources that he mentioned by my past in Fibby Wiki. Did I say that? Yeah. So look at that if you can click on that because it's a fantastic resource. It's free to use for anybody.  But the kind of thing that's happened there is that I remember I was talking about the Roman Catholics. Records are not necessarily available. Some of the Fibbis members have been over to India. They've got permission to photograph the records of a church. For instance, there's a church in Lucknow. You may know that Lucknow was the scene of a massacre where my great-great-grandfather died, incidentally. But they photograph these records and they're available to members for a small fee. And that's just fantastic. Just finding a gravestone of an ancestor or a relative it's just fantastic and adding to the records. So there's a really great bunch there and we have tuition talks and a fantastic Facebook page. So all of those things are free, it's great. But you're right. The membership is very reasonable. Yeah, yeah. 12 pounds a year is very reasonable. And it not only does it come with the research, but a member's area, you also get the journals. And the journals can be a wealth of information as you're researching too. I have written an article in it. Oh, okay. See, word learning isn't much about you. Okay, well, if everybody's ready, let me give you the bingo part. We're gonna do the first bingo part and I've already warned Rob that I will not be pronouncing these names. So let's bring up the very first word. Now, a few things about bingo wanna mention that you can get bingo up, down, diagonal. To win bingo, you have to be the first person to type bingo in the chat. And as soon as anyone's dog sees bingo, a bark will happen or a paw, right? So you have to be the first to say bingo and keep saying if we missed it, because sometimes we get to chatting. So don't worry. And you can only win once every six months. But if you've already won, you still can play and have fun. So don't worry. And I don't have my coveted bingo mug, but if you win, I recommend the bug. Okay, so the first one, I can do this one, Rob Cashmere and Bamboo. You gave me these words, so shampoo. Shampoo, yeah, yeah. And thug. Is thug mean what I think it means? Well, it does. Yes, yes, heavy guys who would give you a hard time. And avatar, why avatar? Ah, I've forgotten the derivation of that. That's terrible. But yeah, you know it as a movie name and you know it as an English phrase, but it is originally an Indian word in one of the languages. And you know what word I forgot to add since you mentioned movie? And you guys can probably guess. I'll let you guess and chat. There's one word that has, India is famous for movies that I forgot to add. Yeah. Pajamas. Pajamas, yeah. This one I get. That one I understand. I don't know. I don't know. Especially, right now, it's blighty. So what's it used in England, Scotland, India? Blighty, do you know what blighty means? No? It's what the soldiers in India referred to England or Britain as dear old blighty. Yeah, when they were. So the Indian soldiers would call the British soldiers blighty? No, no, the country, going back to dear old blighty. Oh, okay. There's a song. I'm sure there's a song. I wouldn't totally get that one. Bungalow. No, do you use that in America? Probably not. It's a single story house. And so that's an Indian origin word. Oh, I see. I see. Thank you, John. That's the one I forgot to put in. Yeah. I will tell you, I'm a huge fan of Bollywood. So I forgot that. I am such a, I mean, they even have a pride and prejudice version in Bollywood. So. Now you know what a no-busy means? That is like an eggplant. Yes. Yeah, or brinjal. Yeah. It's a popular, right? Now, this is a pop group, but it's, or was, and originally an Asian word. Yeah, the, I'm not sure of the meaning, but I'm sure someone will know. Someone lives in a bungalow. We'll lose. Oh my gosh. Yeah. Does that mean what we think it means? Money? Yeah. Yeah, I think so. Yeah. Okay. Yeah. People think of this as associated with Hitler and the Aryan race, but it's, it's he borrowed it from Asia, really. Interesting. So it was originally Asian, Indian, Yeah. part of the Aryan area as well. Pakistan, probably. Vandana. This one. I don't know that one. Oh, tell us. Well, if it means what, Vandana means, then I know if it's, you know, Vandana. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. As in me and Bobby McGee. Oh, yes. Great song. Great song. Chutney. That's like a mango dish, right? Yeah. Yeah, it can be mango. You can have mango, Chutney. Yeah. Yeah. What do you want me to eat? A lot of English speakers will know these words, but they may not be aware where they came from.  Just an additional, additional something to add to curry or anything, really. We got a bingo. We got a bingo. We got a bingo. Yay. Okay, Patty. So what you need to do is you need to email someone very special because she will get you your prize. And I highly recommend the bingo, Friday Night Bingo mug. I love it. I left it by the teapot. So I don't have it now. Or a t-shirt, right? You got a t-shirt or a mug. Uh-huh. So either one will go. Can we perhaps, Patty? That was pretty good. Pretty cool. Okay. Does anybody have any questions for Rob about India? About India, I was fascinated a little bit with the whole British Empire leaving in the transition as well. But there were a lot of wars that were fought there. That the British came, I guess to the Scots in the Irish go to India as well. Yes. Yeah. When I was researching my great-grandmother whose last name at birth was Toomey, in a desperation trying to find something, I listed every single Toomey I could find on Find My Past.  And pretty much all of them were young soldiers who lived and died there. And so, yes, huge numbers of, sorry, that was my computer making noise. Yeah, there's vast numbers of Irish, Scottish. And then during World War II, a lot of soldiers from other parts of the world, including my father who was living in Central Africa then. He was born in Jabalpur in India, but went out as a mining engineer to Africa and then joined up the army and was sent to Burma via India. Yeah, he met up with his family there in... So when he was living in Africa, he was a British citizen and then got sent to India? Yeah, and then Burma, yeah. Yes, he was a British citizen. In modern times, he wouldn't be because his last British ancestor was three or four generations behind him. But now you have to, I think you have to show more recent parentage than that. I know. But so he probably may not even have been allowed to enter Britain, but we got there. And I just had a special delivery. It's nice when your husband works from home on Fridays. Come on. Oh, absolutely. Come on. I would recommend Pat to get some of... Unfortunately, he drank the hot chocolate. So there's nothing there. So, well, that's interesting. So John had mentioned that he has a second great-uncle in the Zulu War and make sure everybody that if I posted the second bingo part up, we're gonna give you a minute to get the bingo part up. And Betty Lou has a question. How stable have the borders been over the years? Europe has had several wars that cause boundary changes every few decades. Great question. Absolutely. Again, I'm no expert, but you'll probably be aware of the partition between India and Pakistan during the mid 1940s. And then other country borders between India and Nepal, India and various other neighbors like Myanmar or Burma have changed over the years. Yes, there's always been, well, for many years there've been those problems. Afghanistan was a big disputed area. My grandfather was involved in the second Afghan war and he got mentioned in dispatches for that, for which his children were very proud. Yeah, so it's been torn by trouble over many years, yeah. Do you have the, your grandfathers, do you have dimensions of the dispatches and on the wiki tree profile? Yes, I do, yeah. And we'll have to see, we'll have to see if I can bring that up because that's fascinating to read dispatches. So for all you military and war fans, a lot of us in the States tend to stick with civil war a lot and then we'll venture out to war one or two. We're talking about different wars here. So military war fan, this India is a great area to investigate in that profiles to wiki tree as well. So you've got it all for everybody. You got a little bit of something that might interest everybody with us. Okay, let me bring up the bingo card. Everybody got your bingo card? I'm ready. Okay, I kind of winged this one. This one Rob gave me some words and then I fully flew them in before I bring this up that I did go to one of my favorite local Indian restaurants. Oh, I mentioned this one. Yeah, right, honestly, they helped me with some of the words. But this one I think might be yours, Rob. Lucknow? Lucknow, yeah. That's where my great, great, great grandfather was killed. He suffered wounds to his shoulder and died a few days later. And there's no known burial for him. He was disposed of somewhere. And but his wife and three children escaped. And it was a very arduous journey to Calcutta. Well, I don't know what became of his wife, his widow. But the fascinating thing is one of the daughters, she married twice, had 13 children and lived on three continents. So a pretty amazing lady. A mustard lady. Yoga, okay, that's it. You'll know this one. Yeah. Oh my God. Where's the puppy? Because I will say, my dog every morning does what we call puppy yoga. Does the stretch this way? Oh yeah. That way. Your dog does it? She sleeps in her crate. So every time I open the crate, she takes two stoves on and she... Structures. I don't think you guys are finding out about puppy yoga too. Oh my God. Yeah, we just talked about this area, right? Jaipur, yeah, that's in the Northwest region. Yeah. This is a yogurt drink. Ah, okay. I saw it. Oh yeah, I lost it. Oh, you got it. Okay, good. Is it good? I never had it. I just recommend the word. Mumbai. The modern word for Mumbai, yeah. There we go. Thank you for that. Jasmine, a smell, a spice, a flower. It's my favorite kind of rice. I know, I don't know what it is, but it's so good. Okay, Rob. Oh, I don't know this one. No. We'll have to look that one up. Oh, goodbye. Okay, I'll take the hot or cold. Oh, it's a city in India. Okay, there we go. And these are just places that the owner, the chef owner said that they commonly use, which I thought was kind of interesting because we just came back from a trip from New Orleans about two months ago and they use this a lot. So I'm starting to see spices are very global as well. Yeah. I don't know. I don't know. This is a dish. Paneer naan. It's bread, right? Yeah. Samosas. Love. Nice little triangular package. Yeah, better fried with peas and carrots. Tandoori. That's another cooking style, yeah. It's a clay. I know when I was first married for a wedding gift, somebody thought that this would be a great wedding gift for me to cook. I did it once or twice. It's great, but it takes a lot of time because you gotta have that steam. And masala. Yeah, spice. Oops, John's on four. He's close. Just the regular naan. I think I spelled this wrong. That should be it. That's funny. That's funny. Also a really good race. Kolkata is a dish as well. This one. It's a town, a city. A dish. I actually, a person sitting in the booth next to me was kind of- You got a bingo? Tommy, you got a bingo? Tommy got a bingo. Oh, okay. So Tommy, and Tommy hasn't won bingo yet, right, everyone? I don't think so. This is your first time, right? Pretty sure. So with this, you're gonna do the same thing. You're going to email and make sure that you, everyone give you all the details, but make sure that you either pick a really cool T-shirt or a really, really cool mug. Love this mug. It's kind of fluorescent, glows. I will tell you, I've laughed and people find it funny. I've had an offer for this mug, and then- Oh, my God. Just go to the store and buy it. That's awesome. So I guess as a wrap up, congrats to Tommy, congrats to Patty on winning. It thanks you, everybody, for joining in this new year. I'm fascinated to learn about the different cultures as well and to see, I guess, where the research is and how many people we can engage in different ways. And I think your favorite one, Rob, would be the Thon. Yeah, yeah, yeah. That'd be good. So I- Let me join us. Left a couple of the websites there for the Thon and also the 15 Nations. And he is first, if you have any questions. Also reach out to Rob and let him know if you have any questions because he's been a wealth of information for us to learn. And I appreciate you joining us from England. Very interesting. Yeah, thank you very much. Okay, so thanks guys. Bye.


Well over 3400 teams from around the globe will be competing against each other for the title of first robotics world champions 17 of those teams met in nevis this weekend to learn more about just what the competition will hold melmyre reports Teams will need to build a robot that can gather and throw balls Climb a rope and place gears on a peg to gather points. This is our first year So we're kind of new at this, but we made a few friends. So we're excited to do it During this weekend's kickoff event teams were able to learn about the coding and 3d printing needed to build their robots Hannah newberry says she wanted to join because her friends were doing it when I heard more about it I was like, well, that's gonna help me in the future and I'll be able to learn a lot This is martin reigns's third year on the cast lake bina regulators team He says this is helping him towards his goal of being a bio engineer I love robots because it's introducing technology to younger kids And that's what we really need is to have more people inspired into this It's this approach that the nevis school staff have embraced starting in fourth grade students are introduced to lego robots As we see these kids marched through It's a natural fit for them to join the high school after school program The techno tigers have 33 students on the team this year They're always looking to connect with the community by bringing out their bots or teaching elementary students how to code And so it's a big thing is outreach and so these kids see what we do and they say I want to be part of that Perhaps the same following is in store for pequot lakes, which took the rookie all-star award at the 2016 lake superior regional At first it was kind of like, oh, these guys are nerds But now they realize how cool we are because when we were showing off a robot at petfest and stuff last year at the school The teams will now begin to build the robots, which will be used in competition in march and nevis I'm almyre lakeland news If any of the minnesota teams qualify for the world championship They'll be headed down to houston texas or st lewis missouri in april If you've enjoyed this segment of lakeland news, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to lakeland public television


Hey folks Awesome to be here really cool to be in on the same stage as biology So we have a parallel financial system with Solana. It's kind of a pun Solana it has a parallel virtual machine that I think we're famous for and our goal is to make finance open and better and We like to we have this kind of silly tagline only possible on Solana It's possible in a lot of places, but what I want to kind of hone in on is that? What we really kind of got to work really well is we can show that Execution like the thing that that's really really hard to prove is actually better on an open decentralized system And it's going to be mechanically better like by every measurable objective of measurable thing Performance latency cost it's going to be better running on a decentralized system And if that's true, it's inevitable that it's going to win There's just never going to be a time in the future Where we believe that centralized kind of financial systems are going to win so What are we going to talking about and I think when you look at like the Wells Fargo page There is a bajillion different kind of features that they're offering and they're all integrated into the bank They're offered by this central giant central company. That's too big to fail and without really much help from Myself or anyone working on the Solana protocol there's like 50 different companies that are basically built every one of these features and All of these companies are all in the same blockchain right right running in the same state machine and When you interact with them You can actually interact with all of them in one transaction at a fraction of a cent literally one hundredth of a penny You can talk to all of them at the same time in one atomic state transition and like execute and you won't even know and That's really really cool. It's because They're all sharing the same network state But like literally You don't have to laugh terrible terrible joke but like when you compare this to you like a company like Robin Hood you have 20 like you have nine different companies that have to touch your trade each one of them takes a few bits off that trade it takes multiple days for the actual Financial information to go from when you click the button to like being reconciled at a settlement facility that finally actually says that yeah Ownership of something changed on Solana. You got like a $20 order can go through. What is that like? Eight different markets run by different protocols run by different companies. There's no fees between any of them Right, you have one giant Transaction that's completely composed and executed immediately and This actually scales The way you think of it is not that it scales to a larger number right because if we go to like a million dollars It's obvious that you can go and talk to nine companies to settle a million dollars But this scales the other way you can actually shrink this order down to like 20 cents and they'll still go through four different companies Like and that's crazy to think about like a micropayment that touches four different OTC Dusks like that would be insane right and the normal finance But that's totally doable in one giant highly optimized state machine So this company code they literally built a product for developers to build micropayments When you like charge a credit card right like the minimum fee if you ever go to a store that's like worried about credit card fees They'll see you got to buy at least five dollars worth of goods Or you got to pay at least 25 cents extra for a credit card Well, like these folks can do micropayment Totally settled between the user without any intermediaries for like sub 25 cent payments literally sub 1 cent payments and it's instant like as soon as you click it it happens and In a lot of ways the stuff is going to be kind of transparent to a lot of users It's not like Shopify or all these great Applications that like merchants have gotten to use are just gonna somehow disappear or be outcompeted It's very likely that these folks that build great products are just gonna start adopting these under the hood And when you think from Shopify perspective, it's a company. That's a technology company They don't really care who finance works under the hood They just wanted to work and they want to deliver great products to their users So like all this stuff is kind of happening already and is being in like the competition with regular finance By decentralized companies is happening and in my point of view, we're winning And we can actually tackle all possible venues where finance exists from Like credit for credit dust they're doing trading or like actual credit for consumers This one's like a probably the hardest and kind of last-bassion because figuring out identity and credit risk and credit Worryiness on chain is still pretty hard and like execution and speed is probably the the easiest problem to solve There are at least the the lowest margin problem But when all this stuff comes together you get like really Unexpected things happen. This is probably one of my favorite examples I spend most of my career a qualcomm working on mobile phones dealing with giant carriers like Verizon and This is a startup. They're using crypto economics to deploy 5g cells that are token incentivized So it's we call it deep and decentralized physically incentivized networks and They are able to offer consumers a $5 data plan So you have a five you have a cell phone you sign up for helium looks and works just like a normal mobile carrier And you're paying five bucks for data But under the hood it is Running on Solana. It's using NFTs to track all the hotspots. It's issuing helium tokens to every little hotspot around the city they can track where there's more users in one block and Offer more to more tokens there and within a day somebody will go pop a hotspot there without having to go Talk to the city get licensing to put up a tower and like do all the stuff that Verizon would need to do and These are all giant, you know, like a Giant list of every possible thing you can have in finance and in ways that are almost non-expected like like Deploying physical networks for for cell towers for for cellular networks. All of these things are financial And they're being built in the ecosystem by a bunch of developers that are you know working independently But they're all composed together over the same common protocol So that's the message parallel finance is being built and it's gonna win. Thank you guys