What kind of system? The isolates of the universe. Yeah. So if you have the universe as an isolated system and you have an open system inside that universe, the air we breathe inside actually will activate into true space. So in other words, if you take the joules free expansion of gas law, it does not expand any energy, temperature change, or anything. It free expansion into the available space. But nothing in the second law of thermodynamics says that gravity can't be a thing that acts on gas. There's nothing- And gravity overcome entropy, Craig. Wait, absolutely. It can stop it. But the point of- What? I'm finished with that. 59. The second law of thermodynamics talks about the entropy of the entire universe. You can have isolated systems of reversal of entropy. And gravity is one of the things that does that. And there's nothing about gravity that violates the second law of thermodynamics of the universe's entropy increasing. Last thoughts for Craig. You want to prove that by demonstrating gas pressure that containment, please? But let's do it this way. Take a- You can even do it at Earth's core if you wanted to. Take a container, vacuum it out, take another container inside there with gas pressure and open it. See what happens. Okay. Again, none of that violates gravity. Very confused as to why you think- Gravity violates entropy. And you saying it can overcome entropy shows you think gravity can violate entropy. Well done. Gravity does not violate the entropy of the universe in any way, shape, or form. Do you know what the Joules free expansion of gas is, Craig? Yes, I do. What is it? The free expansion, no energy change of gas. Literally, no temperature change, no energy change, just its free expansion, instantaneously into the surrounding system. Yeah, but once the kinetic energy is gone, there's no expansion and gravity is- Remember I showed you- Remember I showed you- I think that says no gravity does- Right, it's a sentence, flat-soil, is that okay? Yeah, I'm sorry. Nothing about the second law of thermodynamics says that gravity cannot be a thing. There is nothing about the second law of thermodynamics that says gravity violates the universe's entropy increasing, nothing at all. So can you show me where it says gravity can hold gas down to overcome entropy? The second law of thermodynamics isn't specifically about that. It's about the universe's entropy increasing. But there that again- Sorry, it stops it from increasing then. Gravity doing what it does does not violate the entire universe's entropy increasing. You get what you say. If you're claiming gravity stops gas from expanding into the surrounding system, you are claiming it overcomes entropy. It doesn't overcome the entropy of the entire universe. So in other words, gravity has no effect on the expansion of gas. So in other words, it cannot violate natural law. Yeah, but again, gravity doing what it does to gas does not violate the natural entropy of the universe increasing. Unless you can describe mathematically how gravity would violate the entropy of the universe increasing, you do not have a point. Your free expansion of gas law. Use that equation. There we go. All right, Matt Hightower out. What motivation does Space X have to fake launches? You can watch the things live. Elon's goal is to go to Mars. What will the Flat Earthers say when they land on a round Mars? I'm not going to divine one's motive, so I can give many reasons why, but I'm not yet to divine a person's motives. 500 years from now, a dad and his son are sitting together on Mars, and the boy looks up at his dad and says, Daddy, is it true that we came to Mars 500 years ago in a starship?  Mars is flat. We live in a dome and Elon Musk wasn't real. All right. Let's carry on. Best of threes asks, if gravity bends the surface of water, why doesn't the surface resemble the hill and valleys that's underneath? Actually, it does. Satellite data of the surface of the ocean shows that there is variations in the surface of the ocean that directly match the topography of the ocean floor. That they literally measure the distance between the satellites and the ocean surface and the variations of it over long periods of time and can use the variations in the height of the water to actually map the topography of the floor underneath it. Yeah, the basins, they're claiming. But note that these measurements are taken from a place that violates central law. Well, they take it. And it's unverifiable as well, by the way. SpaceX verified it the other day. Okay. Next one. Crypto roast says, to FTFE, show flatzoid the mesos a rocket launch. It's exactly what they demand to see. No fisheye, no NASA, but they all run from it. Rectilineal engines still have. They just store payments. This is the reason. This is a question for FTFE. I'm so sorry. Oh, sorry. It's okay. I can show flat earthers everything. In fact, I can strap a flat earther directly to a Suez rocket and send them into space. And they claim their eyeballs have been holographed by NASA to make them think that the earth is round. There is no point giving a flat earther evidence because they will never accept evidence because they need the earth to be flat for that little thing to make them feel special inside. Okay. All right. I don't have comments. Okay. All right. Can't go 44. Oh my. Flatzoid, you know you can have triangles on curved surfaces, right? Nerves. I don't know what that means. Oh, here we go. Non-uniform rational B splines. It's how everything is designed. He's talking about spherical triangles. Not claiming spherical triangles don't exist. I'm claiming to get those spherical triangles. You first have to measure flat and then calculate based on observational. I cannot put this perspective and because you believe it's a curve, make it curved. Yeah, that's not how surveying is done. They literally measure it. Oh, yes, it is. Measured flat, calculated curved. 59. They've actually measured the angles and compare it to, you know, what flat would be. And if the angles of a triangle add up to more than 180, that means that it's a spherical triangle and can only fit on a spherical surface. Measured flat, calculated curved. There we go. All right. Those were words said. No evidence behind it. Last one. Yes, it is. Okay. Can't go 44 strikes again. He said, Ryan, you did great. Oh, thank you. I can't imagine how fun, I'm going to sub that word out, how fun it would be dealing with FTFE and flat suede, because we are having fun. I'm always chill. That's right. I think you should just both apologize to Ryan because you know that he's going to go and cry after this, right? He's drinking something stronger after this. Me? No, I'm behaving myself. I do apologize for your therapist's bill, but I'm not helping you with it. Yeah. No, I'll save it for the doctor, right? No, I'm kidding. No, I always have fun. I'm always chill. I'm always doing other things that are legal in my neck of the woods. So don't worry about that. Yadian asks for Craig, can you explain the Boltzman constant and how it may have been misunderstood? Yes, I can. This is the game I'm not playing. Can you explain this? Can you explain this? Can you explain this? Yeah, I can. There's no point because I'm just going to be told that I'm wrong. But yeah, I can explain it. I've done it many times.  Should I just be told I'm wrong? No. All you have to do is just say I don't know. Not even for Yadian? Okay. It's okay. He's got another question here, so we'll unpack a little bit more for you here, Yadian. And thank you so much for your super chat. Yadian asks for Flatsoid, if I take a box of one meter down, seal it, bring it to the surface, and open it from the top, the water will shoot out, even though it's water, not gas. Why does the ocean fill the air again? Hydro statics. Air compresses in a compression. So remember, water can't compress. Air can compress. So as soon as you bring it down, it's forcing it that way. So as soon as you go up, it has to increase. How can I play this in a simple term that people are going to say? If you fill a bottle of water up to the brim and you stick it in a freezer to freeze, it expands because it's ice. It expands. So when you take it out, it can rupture the bottle. Any thoughts on the other side? No, I'm sorry. I was paying attention to the chat. I apologize. Okay. It's all right. We are getting near the end here. So I do appreciate both of you for spending this much time. Please, I'm tired. Yes, I understand. I'm tired too. I had my St. Patty's Day show yesterday, so my voice might be still recovering. Matt Hightower says, why does... Oh, actually, I think we might have already hit this one earlier. Yeah, why does the Starlink satellite disappear at a point higher than the apparent horizon? Yeah, we did that one. Yeah. So we are at the end. Isn't that marvelous to say? So just where you wanted us to be, but I will give you each one minute to close your thoughts here. I'll start with FTFE where you started out flat. So if you don't mind. So one minute on the floor, your closing thoughts on your discussion tonight. Well, thank you for having me on, Ryan. I really do appreciate it. And thank you, James, and good luck. We're getting your doctorate finished. If you want to watch any more of me, you can find me on the YouTube channel, at youtube.comforcerftfe1. What happened tonight was what happens in every flat earth debate. The flat earther, whether they understand it or not, just straw manned a bunch of physics and bloke claims and then said, well, because of my straw man, therefore I've debunked the globe. The issue is that no flat earther understands physics at all.  And I refuse to play the game of just being asked to define something for them to just refuse the thing that I've said. If flat earth ever has evidence, then maybe a real debate will occur. Until then, I will always title my flat earth debates flat earth debate. All right. Thank you so much for being here, Craig, and everybody you can find Craig over at FTFE and Flatsoid. Let everybody know where you're at and your closing thoughts on our discussion here. Awesome. Thank you very much. Yeah. Thank you, Modern Database. Thank you, Ryan. Thank you, James. Everything I do wish the best. And thank you, Craig, for coming. Yes, I do have a channel. Flatsoid's Perspective. You'll find it on YouTube where I go and embarrass people like Craig who just show ignorance and have fun with them. All that's happened tonight is he's failed to demonstrate anything he claims, calls it a straw man because he doesn't know how to rebut it and shows his lack of I cannot put it, physics acumen because he thinks he knows what he's talking about and when asked a question he can't answer it, so Roller wants to reverse the burden on to us. So Roller, go and watch it again and see over and over how the globe has floundered. Thanks. All right, you got it. Well, thank you to both of our speakers. So we're going to fly on out and let our speakers go. But once again, big round of virtual applause to both of you. And yeah, don't mind me screaming some of my metal at you guys since you already caught my background, my Dio background every time you guys stop screen sharing. So yeah, we'll close it on out. And thanks again, everybody. Cheers. Yeah, so music with you, Ryan. Cheers, cheers, dudes.


All right, then let's go to the, let's go to the dock. All right, so welcome to the first homework review session of the 365 semester. We will be going over assignment one on csa365.io. We'll be going through each of the questions and hopefully reviewing, hopefully helping some of you out. So one of the first things, actually one of the first things you need to be doing is logging on to Piazza or getting your accounts registered on Piazza, but that is so there's not too many points to be gained there. So we're just gonna go straight on to Bandit. For it to begin with Bandit, you need to realize that you need to SSH with your, with a username, a password, a port number, and then the host. And you have to combine this into a format that will allow you access onto the Bandit servers. And from there, you would be gaining access to files or getting the files and then getting the passwords to go on to the next levels that they're on after. And we can actually, hold on, hold on, hold on. Should it work? Does it work? Yes, it does. And something like that would, see, can I write on here? Yes, okay. So first off, you would need to start off with something to a beginning command of SSH. And there's a few options on how you can use the username to begin. How I usually do it is I'll do something like Bandit zero add in the beginning. And then I'll apply the host here for the host part. And then for the port, you have to add a port number after that. So for SSH, you would actually use a option command called dash p, which lets you specify a port number that you can use and you would use 220. And then on after, you would apply the password once you log SSH onto the server. All right. Then make files. I've seen, we've seen a lot of questions about make files this semester then. And we feel we probably should go over it a little bit more. So for make files, the purpose is to remake the source code into executables. And those executables can be binary or non-binary files. The purpose of the make file is to only remake the file or remake the executable into the executable when the source code actually changes. So that means if you call on the make file and the source code doesn't change, then the make file stops and doesn't remake the executable. For C++, it's a compiled language. So you actually have to output it as a binary file. So you would need to somehow take the C dot, just CPP, I guess, and then convert it into just, I guess, C dot bin for binary. And you could, there's a few ways. You can, all right. There's one notable way you can do it. With just GCC-O, let's say C dot bin because the dash O will first take a little, it would output into a file called C bin. And then you would use the file C dot CPP as your source files. So you would somehow need to take this command. Okay, I can't erase that. You just somehow take this command and turn it into a make file so that it would, so that when it's run, it does this command to remake the executable, which is actually C bin. For Python, it's a little different. Python and Java, for instance, are they're not straight-compiled languages. They're more known to be interpreted language. That means the words will be parsed into bytecode later and then it's run through the interpreter or the JVM in order to actually compute. For Python, which what this means is that all we really need to worry about is getting the file to be interpreted by its own interpreter. So for Python, for instance, you would need the Python interpreter and then it would go and compile like a print line. And this means that we can essentially make this form into an executable, which, so you would take this engine, then do to a Python dot pot or actually it's not pie, but just so really that the difference between the executable and the source code isn't that much different. Meaning that you can almost take the Python program and turn it into a Python executable with not too many steps. So you don't need to do the out file which turns into a binary file. You just really need to somehow make the executable realize that it's a Python file. And that you can do that through like a shebang line or actually no, mostly it most notably is a shebang line. Now part four commands. So note this one is probably the, I would say the hardest part is, or the main goal of this assignment is to be able to use the arguments on the command line. So in the example it uses command foo bar, and then it spits out the link or how many arguments there is. So like arc C, for instance, will give you how many, and then you would have to reverse arc V as your output, god name message. So for each language is a little bit different for Python. You will need to import a library called sys, and from there it's almost, you would have to do like, let's see, from there you would have something like sys.arc V as your variable that handles the command line. Inputs, so this would be like the combination of arc V and arc C, you would have to find the length of this to get how many arguments are in your command line. And then you'd also need to, and then this also handles what input, what are the actual inputs on the command line for this. For C and C++, I think this is mainly C++, so my bad if it's not working for C, but I'm pretty sure it's the same. So this would, right here is your count for how many arguments. Here's the, where the inputs are handled here for the command line, for the command line. So we can just call them the parameters. I should put command line parameters, and these functions will actually handle the stuff on the command line. For Java, it's kind of already in there. So the normal main, the main line is like a public static, I think it's a public void. Isn't it's public static void main? So like a typical, the typical main function that most Java programmers will know, actually the command line arguments you need to worry about are actually right here. And you can actually grab your arguments from that parameter or your command line. And we can go on to more in-depth questions now, or any like Q and A you need for any slide that you want to cover. I could even demo, I can even demo any part that someone might not want to see like started. Big files are okay. We can, I'll stop the share, and then we can just...


Philosophers in their writings as well as ordinary men in their everyday lives are accustomed to make a sharp distinction between the animate and the inanimate between mind and matter. But in the annals of the strange and the incredible, the line of demarcation between the two often grows dim. Witness, for example, the astonishing case of the earth that was consecrated to murder. It was on the night of July 16th, 1823 that William Wood met his death. He had ventured after dark along the lonely road that ran between Manchester and his native village. And he'd not gone more than a mile or so when... Hold it a minute! Well, what is it you want? I think you know what we want. If you're referring to my purse, I'm afraid I must disappoint you. You hear that, men? Well, perhaps we can make them change his mind. Let him have it now! For all his courage, William Wood was no match for these three ruthless men. In less than a minute, they obtained his shoulders to the ground and were rifling his pockets of everything they contained. I'll be able to identify you, every one of you. Well, in that case, perhaps we'd better make sure you don't. Harry, give me that club you're carrying. Oh, for God's sake, men, don't! No, don't! It was a brutal murder. So violently was the club used that William Wood's skull was forced into the soft ground. And the next day, when his body was found and carried to the general arms at Whaley Bridge, the hole remained there. Before the year was out, a legend began to spread throughout that whole section of England. And eventually, it reached the ears of Alfred Friar, a man who had written a book called Wilmslow Graves. When he arrived, accompanied by John Fox, one of the local townsmen, the hole in the earth was still there. There it is. That's where his head was lying when they found him.  But not this one. Nothing fills up this hole. Well, it's true. There's nothing growing in it. There never has been. Not since he died there. The imperturbable Mr. Friar proceeded to collect a pile of stones from the road and pack them tightly into the hole. And when all traces of the cavity had been removed, he remarked, Well, it doesn't seem to object too strenuously to being filled. Just give it time, sir. All right, we will. Let's go and have a glass of ale. And then we'll come back and see what happens. It was just an hour later that John Fox and Alfred Friar returned to the spot. Good lord. Look. The sod and the stones. They scattered all around the embankment. Again and again, he filled the hole. And again and again, its contents were mysteriously ejected. In setting down the strange story, Alfred Friar made no effort to explain it.  How else can one account for this astonishing fact, a fact incredible but true?


If Nick chose me, he would lose his family, and if he chose his family, he might spend the rest of his life resenting you. You know, I couldn't decide which one I like more. The title of this movie or the film itself. They're both pretty good. My name is Brandon Keith Avery, and this is just my opinion. Hey, what's going on everyone? Thank you so much for tuning into my Epin Slash review for Crazy Rich Asians. I really do appreciate it. Now Crazy Rich Asians is about some Asians. It's directed by John M. Chu. If you're not too familiar with his work, he did a couple of the Justin Bieber movies. He also did G.I. Joe Retaliation with The Rock, and I'm not a big fan of that. And also now you see me too in a number of the step-up movies from back in the day. So I did not know who directed this going into the movie, but when I saw the name after when they created it, I was like, oh yeah, I know that guy. And what the film is about is two characters. They're a loving couple by the name of Rachel and Nick. They've been dating for about a year, and Nick wants to take things to the next level. He is serious about this girl. He likes her a lot. He loves her a lot, and he wants to introduce his girlfriend Rachel to his parents. But little does Rachel know that Nick's parents and his whole family is rich. And that's not regular rich. They're not new money rich. They are like old school crazy, re-roll empires rich. I mean billions and billions and billions and billions of dollars.  Now the first thing that I liked about this movie is just like the sense of culture. You can imagine that you know they're in the States and they have to fly overseas for Rachel to meet Nick's parents. And immediately when you get overseas, you know they go around all parts of Asia, mainly Singapore. And what I just really liked about the movie is the sense of culture that you got when you were going around town over in Singapore and China and just other parts of Asia. I mean it was just beautiful. There was scenery that I've never seen before. I also liked it in the background. You had a soundtrack. It was in Chinese. It was in not Cantonese, but Mandarin. And I had no idea what they were saying, what the lady was saying. But it was beautiful and you know it's not anything that I would say I would buy on soundtrack or whatever. But you know for being in a Chinese language and me still not knowing at all what they're saying at all, I still enjoyed it a good amount. Something else that I really did like about this film is just freaking hilarious. I mean there were some points in this where I was just laughing out loud. One of the supporting characters in this movie is the YouTuber by the name of Aquafina. I'm not too familiar with her work, but she also popped up in the film earlier this year Oceans 8 and she was great in this. But in my opinion she was even greater and crazy rich Asians. There were no forced jokes from her or the rest of the cast at all within the script.  And you know she did a great job you know bringing that to the front of the screen just you know to make you laugh out loud over and over and over again. And it's just like I said just not her just the entire film is just very very funny. You know it's kind of difficult not to like. There's really nothing to complain about other than just a kind of few little nitpicks here and there. For example there is a subplot or a side story with Nick's I guess his sister-in-law and it just had nothing to do with the rest of the film. I mean I was kind of waiting for it to circle back around and connect to the main cast but it just never did that and kind of came across as filler. And that just kind of seemed unnecessary because the film is two hours like right at two hours and if you cut these scenes out you know it could have been cut down to about an hour and 50 minutes maybe an hour or 45 minutes. You know I'm not saying that the movie is too long but when you are making a film you know I imagine that you'll want it to be as short as possible you know because most people do like short movies. Like also just something interesting to me is this film is 100% you know an Asian cast. There's not like one black person, one white person, one Hispanic person in the whole entire. No actually I was wrong though there is. At the very beginning there's a couple of white people sprinkled in at the very beginning and not that that matters to me but I you know I just had to bring it up because I kind of feel silly for saying this what I'm about to say but I'm just going to be honest with you. This is the first movie that I've seen in my entire life with a predominantly Asian cast that wasn't a martial arts film. I mean that's just what it is. Not my fault but I mean that's just what it is. I'm a big martial arts fan. I you know downstairs I have two shelf cases of nothing but you know Asian form martial arts films and things like that you know where there is from you know India or Korea or Chinese, Japan you know whatever and for example you know you have Michelle Yeo in this film. She's Nick's mother and she's kind of like the leader of everything and I'm a big fan of her you know Crouching Tiger hitting Dragon in this film in that film and she's a great martial artist you know but it was just kind of a breath of fresh air just to kind of see you know a predominantly Asian film and get a sense of their culture and not have to do with anything with martial arts and you know the Asians in this movie were pretty cool not the ones that beat us in the beauty supply store hit us with brooms over a five dollar eyebrow job but the ones in this movie you know I thought that was great I was left from my butt off and you know just something that really just stood out to me was Michelle Yeo's performance I'm not saying that it's Oscar-worthy or anything like that but you got a good parallel between American culture and their culture over there in China or Singapore while over in America you know we're driven to go off of our passion and follow our dreams and things like that but over there to Michelle Yeo's character she just finds that absolutely ridiculous and has a completely different philosophy I don't want to tell you that here because it's worth you viewing in the movie but even though it kind of made me turn my head like this when she was putting her putting her point across at the same time I do respect her point of view and kind of understand where she's coming from and the sacrifice that she made for herself and her family to strive you know in this world that we live in today me as a black man you know we deal with racism and there's like a little sprinkle of racism in this movie and I could relate to that and I just think you know it's ridiculous and you know we need to rid of that in our areas of activity but that's just a small part of the film but it is something that stood out to me I really did enjoy this film it's something that I can watch over and over and over again but at the same time I don't necessarily know that if I will buy it unless I just have money to blow if I had to rate crazy rich Asians out of a 1 out of 10 I would give it an 8.5 out of 10 yes an 8.5 out of 10 but guys that's just my opinion have you seen crazy rich Asians or do you want to see it have I turned you on have I turned you off do you agree with me or do you disagree with me let me know down in the comment section below let's get this conversation going and keep it flowing and I almost forgot about this just you know when I checked out a couple of other reviews and I was talking to somebody on Facebook you know who you are in the inbox and they were just saying like you know hey you know the movie is good but it kind of has some of those repeated romantic comedy tropes that we see over and over again I don't necessarily agree with that up until like the very end the film did kind of have that predictable ending that I just wasn't feeling that much I'm like okay guys you know you kind of nearly had an original film to me in a sense but in the end you did kind of go to those romantic comedy tropes but it's not that big a deal um if you like this video go ahead and give me a thumbs up and if you don't that's fine but you can still subscribe to my channel you can also look me up on social media Facebook Instagram and Twitter all that good stuff it's right there at the bottom of the screen and I made it very easy by providing links to all that good stuff down in the description box below but guys I just want to thank you again for tuning in to my pan slash review of crazy rich Asians and before you go don't forget that my name is brandy Keith Avery and that's just my pan peace


So welcome to the Debian Science BoF. I admit it's better if you've seen my talk before, because I laid out some problems and I do not want to repeat these problems here, but I just want to show you something about the Debian Science Team statistics, and then I would like to discuss some problems which exist to my perception. So who is the Debian Science Team? I made these graphs every year. I'm just updating and we see some people who are somehow leaving the team, because you have some missing things here, so Adam C. Powell is somehow leaving the team and Christoph Prutom is also leaving, but others will coming, so the Debian Science Team has some quite active people, and somehow people who are not showing up anymore, and the team statistics just helps us to detect the people who are leaving us. This is about the discussion. This is a little bit different, but you see common names, which are obviously I'm chatting too much, right? I'm just chatting in Debian Science. I do not do so much because I'm working more on the Debian Meet Team, but if there is something to discuss there, there is the Debian Science mailing list, and they have also a developer's mailing list, which is more related to the package. This is more for general discussion, and this is about the packages. People like Luka Nussbaum and Matthias Klose are not members of the Science Team. They are just reminding us about bugs. It's nice that you are here, Matthias. I guess you will tell something. We have some bug hunters. The information is drawn from the UDD. This is about the people who are fixing bugs in Debian Science packages. It would be nice if we would have some more of them. You've seen this. Adam C. Powell is leaving the team somehow, and he has filed a lot of bugs maybe to his own packages and has closed them, and we have the committers to the version control system, which is also showing that we have quite a large team. If the person who has 10 least commits has more than 1,000 commits, so you can assume we have 50 or more people who are working in the Debian Science Team because we have a lot of packages, about 1,000 packages. My definition of a team is that you wake up in the morning and realize that somebody else has solved your problem from yesterday. This is my experience from the Debian Meet team. I'm really happy that I'm in the team and I have thrown problems into the mailing list and really after waking up this way I solved. I wish it would be the case in the Debian Science Team as well, but my theory why it doesn't work that good is that in Debian Science is quite a diversity of topics. In Debian Meet we are closer to the topics, and so my proposal in my talk was to care for, well, closer topics inside the blends and split off some offsprings from Debian Science to different things like Debian Astro. For me this graph is the most important one if I want to evaluate the team because you see here we have a lot of people, these number of packages are touched only by one person, so the majority of packages is done by one person. That means we have a common team mailing list, we have a common repository, but we have a single maintainer relationship to the packages which we really want to avoid. Only a few packages are maintained by two people. This is quite a bad relation. In my other talk I've shown you for the Debian Pearl team they have very few packages maintained by somebody else and then it goes up and you have per package three to four committers. This is a state I really want to reach for Debian Science, but to repeat what I said before I think we can only reach if we focus on smaller topics inside Science and create more blends out of it. For some history we had this competing packaging team that is now fully merged. This packaging sky comp didn't exist anymore and the maintainers are contributing to Debian Science and I have the usual above end with a link to the wiki page. The copy doesn't work now. Ah, it works with this string. So we can do some notes. It would be great if somebody would do notes about this if we have some ideas how we could work together even better. I have set up this wiki page. It's always the same for every Debian Conf. What task we should work on. This is the result of some previous gobby discussions or some gobby protocols and I took over into the wiki. Yeah. What do you want to do now? Any suggestions? Anybody wants to make a suggestion? What's the most urgent problem? What could be done even better? If not I'll spoil in more questions, but are all in this room familiar with Debian Science? I see new phases here. I don't know. Okay. Anybody else? Do we have general questions? Can we take your mic? I don't know Debian Science before. It is Linux distribution. No. This is funny that in my talk before which you have not seen I have one slide and this slide says Debian Science is integrated into Debian. It's no fork and usually after my talks I will ask why are you doing a different distribution and now it comes a little bit delayed three hours later. So funny. It's just a team inside Debian, team of scientists or packages of scientific software which is somehow organized in a mailing list in using some common repository and trying to integrate scientific software as best as possible inside Debian. This is Debian Science with two sentences.  Good. That's good. Any other questions? Who's a scientist in here? Hands up. Well, actually what I consider one of an urgent problem is scientists rely on some publications on certain versions of programs which we can't guarantee with our packages system because we update packages and then it's a new version or a version which was not used for the publication.  Well, we have snapshots. Yes, we have snapshots but one user is using the current version from stable and one other needs is snapshots. Docker images. That's an obvious solution. Actually, there's a science-based container thing. What's the name again? Singularity, right? Please, always to the mic on video recording, people inside will understand you but it's not outside. Most clusters, I don't think there are any known clusters that use Docker because it requires running a root-on-demand and giving users access to that. So if Docker or some other container technique is the answer to the question, what can we do to help users to easily create these kind of containers? Do you think it should make some sense to craft some scripts which draws the correct versions from snapshots and create a Docker image at request? Or should users just do it manually? So Singularity, when you make a Debian container, you put the mirror URL and instead of just putting your HTTP reader, Debian.org, you just put snapshot.debian.org and it will build your container with whatever was in Debian at that date and that will be your mirror from where you retrieve all your packages. Just to explain it to me, I wanted it a little bit slow with syncing. So a user comes and says to me, I need BWA version 2.1 and create a Docker image for me and what do I need to do to provide the user with this version? Yeah, but I would like to support this user.  Well, so first to make clear we're not talking about Docker just because Docker is not reused on HPC systems, but so for Singularity, I think it's easier if you come from the point of view as I'm starting a project today and I want to keep whatever I'm using today for the entire duration of the project and so for that situation, snapshots is easy to implement but then if you're looking for a specific version you would have to find... you would have to find out when that version was present in the repositories. Yeah, this is what I mean. The user can do it himself, but the user needs to know snapshots. He needs to know how to create a Docker image. He needs to know whatever and I would like to make it... not brand that easy, but at least easy to say, please call a program which the arguments are the name of the package, the version of the package and press Enter and then the Docker image will be created for you. This is something... I'm not using Docker or any other container techniques, but this is something you think it's feasible to do and it's sensible to do. Any other opinions about this container techniques? Are you involved with Singularity packaging? Are you involved with Singularity packaging or something? I am involved. Okay. So, hear me. Okay, so... there's also Flatpak and Snappy packages, which is kind of useful if you want to drop a specific version of something on a machine but I haven't looked into either yet myself, but I've been meaning to because they're very lightweight, they're not as big as a container and they have their own mechanisms for updating the package, so it's almost like a Debian package in some way, but... Yeah, it talks about that, actually. But the point is that, I mean, that's good for desktop, but it's really not useful probably for HPC classes. Yeah, I think, well, Flatpak is just another way to create a kind of virtual machine-ish, Docker-ish, container-ish things. I don't care so much about the technique below, but it is possible to provide the user with an easy way to create this stuff. I work with Flatpak, and actually it is relatively easy after you worked around a few, well, differences and it's relatively easy to create one of these bundles in order to run your application. For you. For me at the moment, I don't think it's super simple yet, especially for a scientist. It's super hard because it involves knowing how to compile applications and how to make, requires you to know how the system works and how you can create this bundle, which is not something a scientist would actually like to deal with and want to learn, but I think it's actually, in this case, a good idea to look in this direction. Specifically, Flatpak in itself is right at the moment only for desktop applications and it doesn't really handle the case of console applications well. At least most applications I deal with in the scientific field are console apps. I'm thinking about actually making some changes to Flatpak and submitting a few pull requests to make console applications work a bit better. That could help. In the sense of snappy, creating snaps is actually really easy because you can base on existing depth packages, but snappy has the other problem that is very tied to canonical and it's canonical stores, so I'm not sure how well this would work for Debian in this case at this current time. I do think long-term, those bundling solutions, any one of them would be great for this specific problem. In the short term, we might need to work on them to get them to a point where they are useful for scientific software as they currently are for desktop applications. Yeah, that's my opinion on this. Well, as I tried to explain, I do not mind about it is called Flatpak with its advantages and disadvantages or other container techniques. For me, it's important to say, well, we know what scientists will do if they need a specific version. They download from upstream, compile themselves, put it in their home directory and they do it wrong. I do want to prevent this they do it wrong thingy because I've seen it and it just doesn't work that way and I try to make sure we can provide the users with something which is less error-prone than this process. Would it simple change route as a route environment? Change route, Flatpak, Docker, it's all the same. They need some kind of virtualization but how can we do it? Easy to... Well, you know how to create a change route, I know it. But how can we do say, well, create me this technique with package x versus epsilon and do it for me and run? The question is, what is easy, actually? What level of easy are we aiming for? Is it like something like Python's virtual and easy or is it as easy as... My definition of easy is my mother can do it. Okay. There are different definitions of easy but something like this. I can explain my mother on the phone how to do it. This is easy. I think we could craft a script to make creating routes easy for scientific stuff or to create Docker images or to create Flatpak or to create anything. But we would need to investigate which system works best and what the advantages and disadvantages are and then test whether the scientists would actually use this stuff. So lots of exploration to be done, I guess. What I also saw a lot these days is that upstream, there are packages that use condor packages. Have you heard about that? Yeah, condor is also some technique. I'm not so deep. Maybe if you can explain a little bit. It's some kind of alternative to maintain a parallel packaging system in your home directory. Is this correct? Maybe you could talk in the phone. I'm not an expert on condor, but I know it's like... you can select the prefix into a specific prefix. So you can be your home directory. You can also do it system-wide or you can set up a new environment and have a set of packages installed there. It's a new package manager and it's a new packaging format. And it's supposed to be an operating system independent. So, I propose condor. There is some effort to package condor by the Deviant-Made team, but it's kind of some work because some pre-dependencies. I think Carsten did some research about 50 Python modules to package also, but it's doable, in principle. And if condor would be the answer for biologists, I would try to implement it. Well, no, the point is that the upstreams would have their condor recipes. It's kind of like sidesteps-debian in a sense that... It's sidesteps-debian, yes. That's right. Singularity would be a solution for somebody to mail a container to a research partner and they can just run the thing the same way that the guy did on their HPC cluster and get reproducible results from the thing. I mean, Singularity is in Deviant. And, yeah. I don't think Singularity sidesteps-debian actually it expands it because if someone has a non-Debian cluster, you can actually create a Debian container and take advantage of the Debian packages that are there. So if somebody was running like how we do at our site, we have a Red Hat cluster, but people are making Ubuntu containers, they can take advantage of the Debian packages. Otherwise, the packages we make for Debian only get installed on Debian systems where people have root access. But here you can use them elsewhere. And the nice thing with Singularity is you make your definition file, you just install the packages you want, you have a environment setup that is that you preserve just for your project. One interesting thing about Singularity is that I actually listen to a talk by, I don't remember the name, was it the German Music Group meeting in Namsat? And he was an all-time X11 developer and he's now working for the HPC division at Zuza. And he packaged Singularity and he said that he had a lot of trouble with the Zuza security team because it's said user ID. And so they don't allow it. So that's an interesting point that Debian just got through FTP master and everybody's fine with it. But Zuza said no, no, that's a huge attack surface, we don't allow it, just as a command. So there is nothing comparable to FTP master for Zuza, so you can just upload or there is no FTP master thingy for Zuza, so you can upload and the Zuza security team blacklist or refuse to let it through because it's said user ID. Ah, okay, okay. That's the problem with the same thing you said, you need a docker, a root run demon for docker that you don't need it for Singularity, Singularity itself is said user ID. Okay. Well, it's the same thing with Changeroot, right? You need something to actually get in there, at least on Linux, you need to be root or some similar capability to get into there. Yes, Changeroot can help with that, but still. Yes, Singularity is a set user ID, but it's only for the mounting and creating images and for actually to create the image file but to actually bootstrap the image, you need to be root and so the idea is that you have a workstation where you are root and you do that, you build your container, then you move the container over and you don't run it it doesn't need the escalator so basically it's the author being careful. It still set you ID, but it's right, but I think it's only set you ID to be able to mount the file system but it's so that basically the developer is being careful about minimizing what gets done with the escalator privileges but still, yeah, it's well maybe Zeus is working on minimizing it, using capabilities or something and would be useful. What about to I don't think that we can continue here or we should continue on to this topic. What about test suites? We just reported about the Debian Meet effort to put test suites. What about anybody who would volunteer to mentor an outreach, google some of quotes, student to create tests suites for the Debian science packages. This would be also interesting. For me it's fun to mentor somebody who is doing this. I mean it's a little bit generic with the Debian science so maybe you need to talk a little bit about it. What do you mean with test suites? Well, as Natya is writing Autopaker J-Test for all the Debian Meet packages, all she will manage sorted by Popcon so we get the most used packages equipped with the Autopaker J-Test and I think it is really valuable and we should have it for other sciences as well. What is the scope? Is the scope that the program just runs correctly or are you actually... At least, that is a minimal requirement. Yes, sure. And if there is an upstream test suite you integrate that? Yes. But if there is not? Well, the thing is, if there is an upstream test suite, we use it as Autopaker J-Test. If there is no upstream test suite, Natya has written one. I started doing it for other packages that I maintain, but it is actually one of the to-dos I forgot for Debian Cam as doing Autopaker J-Test. We run all the test suites during the package build, but it is certainly very useful for researchers to know that actually the packages as they are installed are working correctly and I am a believer or converted now and I just didn't have the time to do it for Debian Cam. You don't have the time? It is the same for us and so try to involve interns because it is for an intern is an optimal task because you work down a list of packages and you can, if the internship ends, you just stop with it and then it is some amount of work it is done. This is quite a good task very fit for this job. And what I wanted to say? In Debian Meet we are doing the Autopaker J-Test that way that we also provide a script in user share doc package name run tests or something like this and put also readme.test how the user who installs the package can run the suite as well. So as an example how to run the program. I just got an idea about how this idea of running Autopaker J-Test would play in with the problem of pinning versions. So just a couple of days ago I had a problem where a test suite would break because BWA get updated to a newer version because the upstream author of the package that broke the tests decided to include reference data for his own programs output into the test. So couldn't that be an approach to think about how to write Autopaker J-Test that do this? Check for changes in the output and then give upstream some kind of indication when something is going to break so they can adjust their own code for... So you mean include if fails and mail X so... It doesn't need to be automated. You need to know when an upgrade in a dependency would break the results or change the results of a scientific package. Yeah, sure. There's a sense of tests to notice when they... So I mean if that would be a viable option to just let upstream know and work with them, they maybe even provide some kind of... Usually if a test suite breaks and you get a bug report and you forward the bug to upstream. I'm not sure if I understand the problem correctly. My idea would be make sure that Autopackage tests test if the results change and if the results change. Because the Autopackage tests also get run if a dependency is updated. So then you can find out what dependency broke the results or changed the results. Can you please take that? We have several mics so please speak to the mic. Yes, here's another one. So it's not about making sure that the program runs, it also needs to do the same thing that the previous version did or that the same version did with a different dependency. Isn't that just making sure that the test is running again when the dependency is changed? Well, I was under the impression that that would happen anyway. No, I mean if a package is not changed in Debian and just its dependencies change then in general it's not run. Then disregard anything I just said. No, but this is a good point that if the dependencies change then at least the Debian Autobillers will not rebuild automatically reverse dependencies after an upload. Unless of course it's a library and the library name changes. Sure, but that's all abilities. I was talking about Autopackage tests and the FCI. And I'm not sure whether the FCI does that. That's a crazy idea. Hi, I just have a comment about these auto tests. When they fail does that mean that the package fails to build? Well, at least the tested part fails. Maybe the package works for 95%, but this 5% of the test fails, you can't say, but it's bug anyway. Sometimes these bugs happen in the tests themselves, for example in the GNU Scientific Library when there was a transition from GCC 6 to 7, the tests just failed because the optimizer changed and some of the tests end up failing on some architectures. So you end up with a case of flaky tests instead. It's quite a common thing that not the program is broken, but the test is broken. But the test has to be fixed, which means the package is buggy because the test is wrong. Or the GCC is buggy. Or the GCC is buggy. Whatever. I think there are several layers. For example, in DebiCam we do have the tendency to run the test suite but not failing the package build if there's failures depending on the package because there are some packages where there are failures. So it depends on how the packaging is done. Whether you fail on the fail test and then all the package tests as far as I understand are independent of that. But you would run the same test suite during the package build and then you would run them and then you run it again after the package build. Just a small comment for GSL. In that case it was all the tests passing for a number of months and everything was perfect and then GCC update and GSL is failing and not building anymore. This is the sense of the test to know that things are failing. How did you realize that? Did you upload GSL or somebody that uploaded GSL and then it failed to build or was DEPCI telling you GCC got updated and now it's not working anymore? And then DEPCI automatically rebuilt GSL or it was OBS. OBS builds this. That's why I'm so keen on having test suites on all the packages to know when this fails. But if you don't run the test suite because you have no tests you assume everything is okay and it's not no matter what packages are responsible but we need to have the whole package for keeping sync. We have the problem that it's really difficult sometimes to get all the tests run okay on all architectures and I guess it would be really a lot of work to get everything green and then being at that point saying okay now we'll check whenever it fails we get a buck report or we see it's failing but I had packages which failed the test suite because I was running them on one thread or one core only and they would they didn't even think about somebody only running it on one core because they only run it on 1000 cores so and then well what I'm saying is that maybe we disabled that test or something but it's always a lot of manual work to get the whole test suite green if it's thousands of tests then it's a miracle of flakiness but yeah it's certainly the thing that it should be but maybe it's more easy for some packages than for others. Yeah As I said in the end somebody has to write the test to the first place and yeah how much time was 10 minutes maybe I can continue a bit in this duplicate names issue because upstream has a tendency to use quite generic names which are in conflict with other packages and I implemented for the DVM meet and well it's implemented for all but not realized in other things that we put a copy with the original name under user lip blends in this case meet bin and if the user sets this in his past then he can use a generic name because some scripts are relying on it it's maybe it's a little bit techish but it works like this because in user bin we have a non-conflicting name with it's not that generic but users really want to have this so what do you think about this solution No it's implemented you can use it it's in the p-link package for instance p-link is it's connected to putty and it existed and p-link is also biologically program we have it in here it's made p-link and in user bin it's some other name and if the user puts this or this is put in the past and if the user sets a variable in his environment then this past will be prepended for the system past and he needs to know that the original p-link will not work but this is a user decision but that wouldn't protect you against name duplications within the same blend would it well yes if you have name clash inside one blend then it doesn't help we have this problem anyway so yeah it's just to make sure that all packages are co-installable so we had the situation that putty and p-link couldn't be installed together putty was first and so it wins and so it's a policy not okay to make a conflict between these packages because they do not really conflict and so we found a solution this solution enables users to keep the old known name to run their old known scripts I don't get it but p-link well users who said what would the user have to do the user needs to do wait I think I have an example the user puts a file home.blends and says I'm a member of the deviant mid team that's what the user has to do and it should do because we could not write into any home directories the effect that in ATC profile .d where's this blend didn't I in deviant mid SR so there is a deviant mid SR installed by the mid common package and so if in home of the user is a .blends and it will be passed for the blend string and you get the blend pass and the blend man pass and this is prepended before your user for the normal pass so that particular user would then prefer p-link to p-link and not putty no other users is affected but this user who actively says well this is maybe this is the solution I came up with maybe you know better solutions it sounds okay it's not very discoverable I didn't know about it I think nobody really knows about it but I put it in there should be some user documentation exactly how we should do that but I would laugh if somebody would document this any other things DevTex is also running which is we should find a better design for DevTex I started with this for Debian mid and I stopped at some point in time and yeah didn't continue it these are basically the problems I have seen in the wiki any other problems if not we might stop here sorry and let's stop thanks for attending


Honourable Prime Minister has graciously consented to inaugurate the Sai Hira Global Convention Centre here at Prasanthi Nilayam in the August presence of the Governor of Andhra Pradesh amidst a galaxy of eminent dignitaries and delegates from India and across the globe. Every work is dedicated for the nation. For all of us, Gaurav is a source of self-confidence and love. Your presence presents every aspect of each individual. To welcome you, I present to you the Honourable Prime Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Shri Abdul Nazeer. Shri Satyasai, the Managing Trustee of the Central Trust, Shri R.J. Ratnakar. Shri Satyasai, the Chancellor of the Institute of Higher Learning, Shri K. Chakravarti. Shri Satyasai, the Managing Trustee of the Central Trust, Shri Rukohiraji. Shri S.S. Naganandji. Dr. V. Mohanji. And Shri Satyasai, the President of all India, Shri Nimish Pandiyaji. Come, let us begin today's work. We will commence this morning's proceedings with invocatory Vedam chanting. Sai Ram. Sai Ram. Sai Ram. Sai Ram. Sai Ram. Sai Ram. Sai Ram. Sai Ram. Sai Ram. We now invite the Managing Trustee of Shri Satyasai Central Trust, Shri R.J. Ratnakar Garu to deliver the welcome address. Shri R.J. Ratnakar. I offer my salutations to Bhagawan Shri Satyasai Baba. Honourable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modiji, Honourable Governor of Andhra Pradesh, Shri Abdul Najirji, all the trustees and the dais and dignitaries present here. And my dear Sai brothers and sisters who are present in person and those who are watching this program live, my namaskars and loving Sai Ram to all of you. Janani, Janma, Bhumischa, Swargadapi, Gariyasi. Mother and the motherland are more sacred than the highest heaven, say, scriptures. Baba is to encourage all His students and followers to serve their motherland. He wanted all His devotees to be patriotic and serve the nation. All His projects were for the welfare of the humanity. At personal level, Baba is to have a special bond with His mother, Shreemati Iswaramba. Baba in His birthdays used to visit her samadhi and pay respects to the mother. Baba life itself is a message and He set a great example for all of us. Prime Minister sir, you are tirelessly working in the service of the nation. Your hard jobs for this country. When I was watching your recent visit to America and Egypt, I was wondering if you could catch up a couple of hours of sleep in a day.  Such dedication and hard work is an example for every citizen of this country. Sir, we also have witnessed your special bond with your beloved mother, Shreemati Hirabendji. And how you used to go and take her blessings on your birthdays in spite of your busy schedule. You are a role model for every child, every youth, every son in following the dictum matru devo bhava. Sir, Shri Satya Sai Baba started His mission in a very humble way in a remote village before India got its independence. But today His message has travelled across the globe and attracted millions and inspired them to follow the path of seva. Baba had a very unique and practical approach for every activity. Baba started many educational institutions and was personally involved in grooming every student. Baba is to interact with students and when the exam results are announced, He would enquire about the results. If a student says that he got first class or scored 90% in examinations, He would call the teachers and wardens and would enquire about the behaviour of the boy. Baba would mention, He always emphasised on character building of young men. Sir, Baba also started many healthcare initiatives as He always focused on relieving the suffering of poor and needy. Once Baba sent a group of doctors for a medical camp in a nearby village. When the doctors came back, Baba enquired, How many people have you treated in the camp? The doctors were very happy and conveyed that they had treated about 600 patients. Baba did not look pleased. Seeing Baba's reaction, the doctors asked if they had done anything wrong. Baba's reaction, Such a small village, how could so many fall sick? He was concerned about the healthcare facilities for rural people. He wanted that every citizen get the best medical care and every child should have the access to the quality education irrespective of caste, creed, colour and religion. Sir, Baba executed projects worth thousands of crores, beat in providing drinking water to the villages, building hospitals and educational institutions. But, He never had a bank account for himself. Nor he held any property. Baba used to say, Good work is God's work. And when you do selfless seva with a pure heart, all the necessary resources will automatically flow. Everything He did was only for others. Sir, you are also from a very humble background. You have risen to the highest position.  Sir, we are indeed grateful to you for being with us for the inauguration of Sai Hira Global Convention Centre. This centre is a labour of love from all the sevaks. Sri Hiraji from Japan, an ardent follower of Baba for over five decades. Last year he was conferred Padmasri award by the Government of India. Sri Hiraji, the donor of this convention centre is amidst us. Thank you, Hiraji. Sir, today we have more than 3000 delegates and their family members in Puttaparthi from over 50 countries. They are attending leaders' conference of Sri Sathya Sai Global Council. They all deem it a privilege to be in Prasanthi Nilayam and to be part of this occasion. Sir, before I close, you have visited Prasanthi Nilayam many times when Baba was physically with us. I, on behalf of Sri Sathya Sai Central Trust and all the devotees, request you to visit Puttaparthi, the Janmabhoomi of Sri Sathya Sai Baba and receive blessings. Sai Ram, Jai Hind. Now I request Honourable Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modi to kindly inaugurate the Sai Hira Global Convention Centre. Bye, your men. To that value, please welcome this epicastic shatka of video presentation on various initiatives taken up by the Sri Sathya Sai Central Trust. Om Sri Sai Ram, Prasanthi Nilayam, the abode of Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba, a holy land where millions have found and continued to find their divine anchor. As a tribute to Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba and His selfless service to mankind, the Government of Andhra Pradesh has now created the Sri Sathya Sai District with Puttaparthi as its headquarters. His message that Manava Seva is Madhava Seva service to man is indeed service to God has taken shape of mammoth humanitarian projects. The super speciality hospitals set up by Bhagawan have so far performed close to 4 lakh advanced surgeries and have treated close to 6 million patients completely free of charge. The Sri Sathya Sai Drinking Water Project has provided safe drinking water to over 1,600 villages through nearly 3,000 kilometers of pipeline and modernized the Telugu Ganga canal which carries water to the city of Chennai. Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba emphasized that education should be focused on character building. Thousands of students continue to receive value based education of the highest quality absolutely free of charge even today in the educational institutions established by Bhagawan. The Sri Sathya Sai organization has over 6 lakh volunteers from over 460 districts across the country from every walk of life and profession. Every day over 1 lakh people are served food by the volunteers of the organization in India and many more around the globe. In partnership with the Government of Andhra Pradesh the trust has embarked on a massive project of providing Ragi Malt a millet based nutritional supplement thrice a week to 3.8 million students studying in 44,392 government schools covering the entire state of Andhra Pradesh. The Sri Sathya Sai Central Trust has commissioned the Sai Mitra Project one of the largest installations of solar powered plants by a charitable trust having a capacity of 6.3 megawatt. The Sri Sathya Sai Prema Taru project involves the planting of trees across India and the globe. In the next two years 10 million trees will be planted to mark the centenary celebrations of Bhagawan's advent. Today the Sai movement has spread over 125 countries. In the year 2020 the United Nations Economic and Social Council accorded the Sri Sathya Sai Central Trust special consultative status for its humanitarian services. Prasanthi Nilayam is now blessed with another shining gem the Sai Hira Global Convention Centre. Aesthetically designed state of the art and function this edifice will give spiritual seekers and aspirants an opportunity to connect with Prasanthi Nilayam. The centre powered by solar energy has two auditoriums 300 seater and a thousand seater both equipped with state of the art audio visual systems and teleconferencing capabilities. The Sai mission is unceasing and ever expanding. I am proud to say that Baba's body is not within us but Baba's message is so powerful that even today it affects the society and the people of the society.  The efforts of the society and the society are very rewarding. The initiatives taken by the country are working in the direction of Satya Sai Trust. The country is working in the direction of the Jal Jeevesh Mission. Every village is connected with the supply of water. Satya Sai Trust is also working in the direction of the Jal Jeevesh Mission. Satya Sai Trust is also working in the direction of the Jal Jeevesh Mission. Satya Sai Trust is also working in the direction of the Jal Jeeves Mission. Satya Sai Trust is also working in the direction of the Jal Jeevesh Mission. Satya Sai Trust is also working in the direction of the Jal Jeevesh Mission. Satya Sai Trust is also working in the direction of the Jal Jeevesh Mission. Satya Sai Trust is also working in the direction of the Jal Jeevesh Mission. Satya Sai Trust is also working in the direction of the Jal Jeevesh Mission. Satya Sai Trust is also working in the direction of the Jal Jeevesh Mission. Satya Sai Trust is also working in the direction of the Jal Jeevesh Mission. Satya Sai Trust is also working in the direction of the Yoga is a part of people's lives in today's world. Today, people are learning from the sustainable lifestyle of India. Our culture, our heritage, our heritage, our heritage is increasing rapidly. And not only is it increasing, but it is also increasing rapidly. In the past few years, from different countries, so many statues have come from India which were stolen from our country hundreds of years ago, hundreds of years ago. The leadership behind the efforts of India is the most powerful thing in our culture. Therefore, in all such efforts, like the Satya Sai Trust, it is a big part of the cultural and spiritual culture. In the next two years, you have come up with the idea of putting 1 crore feet in the name of love. I want the trees to be open. And I would like, when my friend Mr. Hiraji is sitting here, the small forest-making technique of Japan, the Miyawaki, I would like to use it to make the trees here. And we will not only make the trees, but we will also make a small forest in front of the country. So it is very important, because it has the power to keep one another alive. It has the power to keep the plants alive in other plants. I think Mr. Hiraji is here, and I can tell Mr. Hiraji any work with my right. And Mr. Hiraji too. See, if you are interested in plastic-free India, you need to connect more and more people, for solar energy, for clean energy, you need to connect people. I have been told about it, and I have just seen it in your video. Satya Sai Central Trust, near Andhra, is feeding 40 lakh students with Sri Anna Ragi Jawa. This is also a very simple thing. If we connect other countries with such initiatives, then the country will benefit a lot. There is health in Sri Anna, and there are also opportunities. All our efforts will increase the presence of India on the western side, and strengthen the recognition of India. Friends, Satya Sai's blessings are with all of us. With this power, we will establish a developed India, and will fulfill the task of serving the whole world. Once again, I am not sure if you have come, but I will definitely come in the future. While remembering the old days between all of you, I will spend a lot of time with you. Mr. Hiraji keeps meeting you, but I still believe that even though you did not come today, I will definitely come in the future. And with this confidence, I give you all very good wishes. I thank you all very much. Sai Ram!


Hey, this is Brett, and this 2022 Chevy Silverado 2500 Crew Cab Short Box High Country is stock number 12808Z. I'm here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, New New, and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. This 2022 Chevy 2500 has the 6.6-liter Duramax diesel engine, puts out 445 horsepower. It's combined with the Allison 10-speed heavy-duty automatic transmission. This truck has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop per the state of Wisconsin inspection process. It has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off, and this truck is 100% ready to go. I'm going to go all the way around in this video, inside, underneath, start it up, and take a look under the hood. Black clear coat is the color, and I shoot all my videos in 4K, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone, or television, I highly recommend turning them on right now because it is your best way to check out the quality, condition options, and cleanliness of the truck before seeing it in person. And if you like the video and how I do things here at Summit Automotive, consider clicking the subscribe button in my YouTube channel in the lower right-hand part of the screen. Then click the bell notifications, you'll get updates every time I do videos here at Summit Auto. This one comes with the really good-looking 20-inch polished aluminum rims, and this one has Cooper Discoverer AT3 tires. These are 35 by 12.5 R20 LT's, and they have, I would say, probably 60 to 70% of the tread left on them. It does have the Rancho shocks, so it does have the Z71 off-road suspension. Front fender is in excellent shape. I do apologize for a little bit of construction noise going on. Our Jeep showroom is just about complete. Front bumper is an excellent condition. It does have the front bumper parking sensors, LED fog lamps, LED headlamps, and the chrome trim and kind of bronze finish, our copper finish almost, grill. The true cobalt induction hood that is fully functional, I'll show you how that works at the end of the video here, as well as all those LED headlights and fog lights. Front fender is in excellent shape, and the passenger side front rim is in excellent shape, as well. No scuffs or scrapes. Now, as you go down this side of this 2022 Chevy Silverado 2500, take note of how clean that body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. I take these HD videos, so if you are far away, or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the truck, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here, so when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises. You can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. And if this video helps you make that buying decision, let your salesman know that you saw the video, that it was helpful, and that Brett sent you. Back rims in excellent shape, and the back tires have just as much tread as the front tires. And once again, if you like the video, subscribe to the YouTube channel in the upper right hand part of the screen. You get the felt wheel well liners, just keeps the frame and underbody looking good, has all the remainder of the factory exhaust, so it has been altered in any way. It's a little dusty under there, but nothing too bad. Lower rockers look good. It does have the power step bars, and this passenger side box, I didn't see any dents or dings on there, looks really good. Coming around to the back, rear bumper is in nice shape, it does have the full towing package, which includes the receiver hitch, and seven pin wiring. You get the backup parking sensors and the rear bumper steps. So that's your seven pin wiring, and then these are for auxiliary cameras that you can put on a trailer. So that's pretty sweet. I think it has the rear airbag suspension, and the tailgate is in really nice shape as well. No dents or dings on there. Does have the power drop down tailgate. Spray and bed liner, LED bed lights, you do get a 120 volt, 400 watt plug-in back here, and that spray and bed liner is in pretty nice shape. And that bed liner goes onto the tailgate as well. It shuts nice and solidly, and you also get the LED tail lamps. Going down the driver's side, just as clean as that passenger's side. No dents or dings in the box, looks really good. And for full disclosure, this back rim is in really nice condition as well. No scuffs or scrapes on there. This one does have the cargo cam up there. And the cab and doors all look really good on this side. Those have the telescopic tail mirrors. They are heated blind spot monitoring, LED side lights, directional signals, has a 360 camera. I believe these power telescope out, so I won't force them all, show you how those work. Inside the High Country package gives you the black leather interior. You get the High Country stitched into the headrest. No rips, no tears, smells very clean inside this truck. Driver's side lumbar, both of these front seats are heated and cooled.  These mirrors do power fold in. I always like showing both sides, so you know that both sides are working properly. And then they do telescope out, power as well. Again, both sides working properly. Memory driver's seat, Bose Sound wood grain trim, we'll check out the back seats. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats. No rips or tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system for any child car seats you may have. Power sliding rear window with the built-in rear defrost. There are little storage cubbies behind the seats.  These back seats are heated on the outboard side. And there are the buttons for those, USB-C and a USB and another 12-volt power point. These seats fold up for extra storage. You get factory floor mats back here in a storage area. Child safety locks on the back doors and the bottoms of the doors all look really good. We'll hop inside, check out the miles, the radio, and everything that this truck has to offer on the interior. We're going to have to start it. All right, you can see that this one has 16,178 miles. You do get a digital speedometer. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. It's all digital, and at least the middle is all digital. No check engine lights or anything like that. Does have the heated leather-wrapped steering wheel. Heated steering wheel buttons for collision warning, cruise controls on the left. No rips or tears. Bluetooth and information center controls on the right. And you do get audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. You do get that kind of bronze-ish copper finish, and that's metal-flake too. 10-speed Allison automatic transmission. This one does have the Chevy infotainment system, AMFM, and SiriusXM radio capabilities. This one does have the factory navigation system on it. You also have Android Auto and Apple CarPlay. And you can check out your backup camera right here. You get the 360 cam. And you can also do your cargo cam from here as well. You can zoom in on your cargo cam. You can zoom in on your receiver hitch. So a lot of really cool stuff, and then you can also hook up those cameras to trailers and stuff like that. Heated and cooled seat buttons, factory exhaust brake, lane departure warning, parking sensors, power drop down tailgate. That's your hazard lights, stability control. That's how you turn on that plug-in in the bed, downhill assist control. Power pedals, or power running boards, you can turn those off and on. Brake control USB USB-C, 12-volt power point, and finally, a 120-volt, 150-watt plug-in. You also get a wireless cell phone charge pad, keyless entry with remote start and power drop down tailgate. Finally, last but not least, the passenger seat and floor mat are in excellent shape, and that headliner is absolutely perfect. I like the black headliner. It's nice. On-star and SOS buttons up here, and map lights, and home link buttons for your garage door security system. And lighting systems. We'll take a quick look under the hood. Turn on all those lights for you as well, as promised. There are those LED side lights. They are super bright. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today, and hopefully from this HD video, you'll have been able to verify the quality condition options and cleanliness of this truck all the way around. Really nice condition. Really nice truck. Lots of nice options on it. Under the hood, we have the 6.6 liter Duramax diesel engine, L5P, 445 horsepower, runs very smooth, engine-based, very clean. Once again, this truck has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. This truck is 100% ready to go. Air comes in there, goes down to the air intake, and that's how that Kull induction hood works. Shocks are working nicely on that hood as well. We want to show you the VIN sticker and trailer-loading information right there. All right. Thanks for checking out the video. This truck is 100% ready to go and to see more pictures of this truck, or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, half-tons, three-quarter-tons, one-tons. You name it. We got to go to that website right there, summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com. If you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. Click the bell notifications. You'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at summitauto. In fact, in a second, you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel in the upper left. I'll link to more Chevy 2500 truck videos like this one in the upper right, a link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left, and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those. Check us out. We're super excited to help you with this ultra-clean 2022 Chevy Silverado 2500 Crew Cab Short Box High Country in black clear coat. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on my YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


And the Chief Justice of Nigeria, Justice Ibrahim Mohammed, has warned judiciary staff against leaking court documents. He stated this on Tuesday during an opening ceremony of a virtual national workshop for the secretaries, protocol officers and others administrative staff of the judiciary. He also urged judicial officers to stay away from corrupt practices and promote discipline. Justice Mohammed also urged them to ensure proper management of court records and exhibits. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


So one of the things that makes probability difficult is that, except for a very, very, very, very, very, very, very, very few cases, computing a probability is challenging. So last time we looked at the problem of computing the probability that the sum of two six-sided dice add to ten. And when we first solved this problem, we computed a probability of one-eleventh. As a result, we supported one of the fastest growing industries in the world, gambling. And this is one of the industries that thrives when people don't know probability and statistics. So let's see what the problem is with our conclusion. The first important thing to recognize is that we computed this probability under the assumption that our sample space consisted of equally likely outcomes. But remember, most sample spaces do not consist of equally likely outcome. And so we might pause and ask ourselves, why doesn't this sample space consist of equally likely outcomes? Well, let's think about that. To get a two on two dice, both dice need to be ones. On the other hand, I can get a five by having one die show a one and the other a four, or one die showing a two and the other a three. And what that means is that some of these numbers, like five or seven or nine, can be obtained in many different ways, while others, like two or twelve, can only be obtained by one very specific roll of the dice. And so that means our sample space does not consist of equally likely outcomes. And this leads to the following problem. We can compute probabilities if we have a sample space of equally likely outcomes. And so this leads to the following problem. Given a random experiment, find a sample space of equally likely outcomes. And you might wonder how this is possible, because aren't the outcomes the possible results of the random experiment? And the answer is yes, but we might be able to describe those results in different ways. So let's analyze our problem. Suppose you roll the dice one at a time. Now the first die can land one, two, three, four, five, or six, and it seems that these are all equally likely outcomes. Certainly if one of these came up more often than the other, you'd have a die that was considered loaded, and people would be very upset with you if you should play with it. By the same argument, that second die can also land one, two, three, four, five, or six, and these also seem to be equally likely outcomes. This suggests our sample space might consist of the ordered pairs x, y, where x is the number shown in the first die, and y is the number shown on the second die. The idea being that since these individual numbers are equally likely to occur, then our ordered pairs are also going to be equally likely to occur. Let's formalize that question. Suppose you roll two dice and record the outcome as x, y, where x is the number shown in the first die and y is the number shown in the second die. What's the sample space and does it consist of equally likely outcomes? So we could try to list all of our outcomes and let's try to be somewhat systematic about this. If x is the number shown on the first die, then that first number could be anything between one and six. Now if the first die shows a one, that second die could also show a number between one and six. So our outcomes could be 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 5, and 1, 6. Similarly, if our first die shows a 2, that second die could be a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. And similarly for all the others. We see there are 36 outcomes in S. Now we made a claim that this sample space consists of equally likely outcomes, but let's see if we can make a good argument for that. So a good way to reason in mathematics and life is to ask yourself, what are the natural consequences? So what if our outcomes are not equally likely? So that one outcome, say 5, 3, is more likely than another outcome, for example 2, 1. It seems that in order for this to happen, this would require that 5 is more likely to show on the first die than 2, or that 3 is more likely to show on the second die than 1. But the outcomes on the individual dies are supposed to be equally likely. So it doesn't seem like this is a possibility. So S seems to consist of equally likely outcomes. So let's get back to our question about the probability of rolling a 10 on two dice. So the first thing we did is we actually found a sample space of what we might consider to be equally likely outcomes. Now we need to find the event E that corresponds to rolling a 10 on two dice. So how can we get a 10?  Oh, wait, that can't happen because our dice could only show 1 through 6.  And that corresponds to the outcome 4, 6.  And that corresponds to the outcome 5, 5.  That corresponds to the outcome 6, 4. Our first die could be a 7. Wait, that's not possible either. And so the event that corresponds to rolling a 10 consists of the three outcomes 4, 6, 5, 5, 6, 4. And so the probability of this event is going to be the number of outcomes in our event over the number of outcomes in S. And so that's 3 over 36.


Well it's 2021, we've seen a whole load of reviews in the last few weeks and the big focus, the big views, is always what the drivers do, how well are the new drivers performing. As average golfers we're obsessed with distance and not necessarily what is best for our game. We're a chatty really this morning in terms of technology, where have the greater advancements come and I think perhaps not in drivers, but the clubs I'm going to review today, there's four of them, they're hybrids, they're so far different from what they were just five years ago that I think we should be paying a lot more attention to putting these kind of clubs in our bags and forget that obsession with the driver. Right so four hybrids in question, we've got a PXG, we've got one from Taylor Mae, we've got one from Ping and we've got one from Callaway.  It's going to be about some personal preferences, what you like an address, what you like to see from above and I always say what draws you in the first place in terms of shelf appeal. For me on a personal level I think that Ping is the real interesting one. What they've done this year Ping with those hybrids, I think they've almost made them look like, let's call them a mini fairway and perhaps that's what they are but the shape has gone more into a sort of a fairway would look, it seems a little bit bigger in terms of mass than the other three that it's up against and I think that's what it does, it provides you a lot more confidence at address. I've said in previous videos they kind of look like you know just put a swing on it and get club on ball and let me do the rest so I think for me Ping have done a fantastic job and it also looks very neutral in terms of where it sits at address often they can look a bit a bit toad in if you like and again with the callaway in particular and perhaps even on that PXG they raise significantly or rise significantly at that toe end and it's not something that I particularly like and I always feel it's sort of already starting me off down that left hand side but for a lot of golfers who are fighting against that fade, that slice then maybe that would be a positive but what I will say is each of them have really, I don't say up the game because this is something aesthetically they're doing quite well at the minute. That's a final ball hit ended up on the callaway and to be honest with you I've hit four clubs two balls with each one after the other with no great effort whatsoever I think we've just found four fairways eight fairways my maths is wrong and to me that's a big deal finding fairways is mega important as average golfers each of these clubs is going to be in the region of 200 yards off the tee finding a fairway 200 yards further down that's got to be a major positive hasn't it right before we go any further it's down to your inputs and what I'd like to ask is out the four that you've seen maybe visually what would you choose right now which one are you perhaps looking to try yourself any one you're particularly drawn to are you gaming in these current previous models from previous years and are any of them on their hit list for you because at the end of the day I will give you my my thoughts my dry ball data ball ultimately it's down to you as a punch out there are you going to be splashing your cash on one of these new models from 2021 because I reckon we should be these are the clubs we should be really paying some great attention to which I think I've said enough by now before I go inside and I'm going to collect some dry ball data and we'll see how the these split themselves in terms of performance one thing that's outside that brings you is a little bit different in terms of acoustics so the sound I would say split into two categories the team and the Callaway are a little bit softer and the more harsh your sounding noise comes out of the PXG and the G425 but not a massive difference to split them all but very noticeably different as I've already mentioned at address that's all I can tell you so far let's get inside and I'll collect some dry ball data and then see what splits them in terms of performance but I can tell you now not a great deal one more before we go in not a bad finish right a quick point to mention in terms of loft and as well just adjustability in these four hybrids we've got three that are at 19 degrees exactly the same that's the TM the Callaway and the PXG the Ping however is a 17 degree hybrid with a degree and a half added so it's slightly stronger lofted all same length of shaft but all very much stock option shafts as well and don't forget these heads to heads it's not about finding a winner in terms of yardage or choosing something it's about presenting the performance of four different clubs let's not get too hung up on exactly that half a degree of loft but worth bearing in mind the other thing that is worth bearing in mind is that three of these are adjustable and I think that's a big deal in hybrids um is a message I've trying to get across in these last few videos and that ability to gap in between sort of your long list iron in the bag and then going right up there towards your driver I think adjustability of loft is key in doing that and it's not available in the TM product I will say however on that is that in the TM and in the Callaway there are also other versions available and in the TM product the pro version if you want to call it that or the better player version is adjustable so it's a bit of an odd one I'm not sure why they've left it out in terms of this sort of standard hybrid if you want to call it that um but that's what they've done but I think to me that's a probably marks it down a little because I do think having that adjustability in terms of loft is key to getting your gap in right in your bag and gives you that extra flexibility versus whatever you want to call it right that is all dribble data collected and I'll go for that very very quickly I just want to mention a couple of other things before we get there and that is the well the main one being the price they're all in all honesty very very similar but as this is a head to head we'll throw this into the mix the pxg hybrid is 210 British pounds this is going to be in the sim max is 199 the ping is 219 and the Callaway is 219 that's the deals we found out on on the web as of today when we filmed so there's not a great deal to encourage you one way or another in terms of price the only thing I would say in that is just to bear in mind the sim is the slightly cheaper product but it's the only one that doesn't have that adjustability in terms of the loft sleeve so that's interesting right we'll start off in the right hand column club at speed everything remained fairly consistent so we've got a fair a fair test if you like for each of the clubs we go down to the opposite end left hand column launch angle they do differ quite significantly and don't forget loft all pretty much similar bar in half a degree stronger in in the ping product but interestingly enough half a degree stronger in the ping product but still the product that launched the highest which was pretty incredible 12.9 average launch angle 71 peak height 131 ball speed 205 carry and a really good spin number 2925 so that's a kind of decent barometer let's start with the ping pxg is the one down the bottom one of the lower launching products but interestingly launch low but with that spin combination still had a peak height of 72 ball speed was phenomenal off this thing 134 don't forget club bed speed remaining the same 134 ball speed that's incredibly quick producer 204 carry let's go next to the TM 11.7 launch in peak height 72 don't forget look at them three bottom products peak height almost identical 132 ball speed 204 carry again so we've got three products now with just a yard to split them all again those three products producing exceptionally good spin number as well and a final product was again lower launching Callaway 10.9 didn't produce that average peak height a little bit lower and very noticeably so in the driving range that was without doubt not only the lowest launching but I wouldn't say the most difficult to launch because it launched the way it did it launched low and again I suppose it leads me to and it's a 196 carry and that's what leads me to if you're looking then for hybrids based on that data that I produced you would say there's literally nothing to split them the things that split them are your own personal preferences and not just in looks aesthetics and all the things that I talked about earlier on in the video but what you want to use the club for so you could dismiss the Callaway based on for me it was a very low ball flight for a hybrid and for what I'd be looking to put a hybrid in the bag for it may be not ideal like I said but if you're looking to choose that to play it off the T on par fours more often than not then that would be and again maybe the conditions that you're playing so if a link's type of track that lower launching ball is a much more penetrating flight I'm surprised there wasn't a bigger difference in that launch number to be quite honest with you because like I said it was a far different ball flight than seen on the other three at the opposite end of the scale the ping for me that overall bigger mass and profile that CG definitely further back than any other of the hybrids based on purely the size and bulk fit and where they were able to position it that easy to launch if I was putting a category of easy to hit easy to launch then that's what I would stick that ping product in it really was the kind of most versatile and appeared in I think out the four of them based on everything combined sound and feel two categories like I said earlier Callaway and TM softer probably preferred it ping and the PXG a little bit firmer on the sound and don't forget there's that adjustability issue that you might want to consider which marks down that TM product slightly if I was picking a product out of these four it would be the ping that was the most favourable in terms of all categories and no ideal in terms of that sound I can overcome that because of what it did in terms of performance I'm really loving the ping fairways and hybrids I think that's been notable throughout all the tests that we've done but again it's that profile shape and all those other things that are very much personal the other you know the title of this video was should this be your new driver and the idea being that 205 yard carry for me off a tee pretty much straight down the middle I'll throw some um I'll throw some dispersion charts up at the end actually if you want to have a look at them um and you'll see that a low again as ever with an average golfer we spray it around a little bit but I'm fair to say that each of these things in the five shots in the groups that we hit they've all pretty much found the fairway 205 carry on a firm links track in the summer that's going to run on another 15 20 whatever yards and is that arguably better than spraying your driver all over the place out of bounds into the long rough and whatever else so the control elements is a massive factor I'm not suggesting we drop a driver but I think more attention to be paid from average golfers of playing perhaps shorter length fairways in terms of the shaft and hybrids is something we've been harping on about in the last collection of videos that I've done and for what I'm seeing it's definitely going to be the bit where I adjust my mentality in terms of what I put into the bag and these are four great options in terms of hybrids so it's just important that the same thing is that like I said earlier low my preference would be the ping there's no real winner in them for the data was superb for each and every one of them they'll just be your personal preferences in terms of why you choose one over the other and as ever the the thing is try them and get custom fit that's always the message right we've waffled on you know if it was quite I didn't want to go on into too much detail don't forget this is four sets of numbers reviewing four clubs there's always a tendency to like I said waffle on a bit so I've done that as concise as I can I'll throw up some of the dispersion charts at the end and perhaps some of the full data as well for those of you want to go through and try and analyse that and see see where that all came into those averages or groups we've just looked at right that's me done I'm out of breath a bit thanks for watching this is a Friday evening so I will see you again on Monday