Welcome to The Journey. Today we're going to talk about digital marketing for success. So if you want a successful digital marketing strategy, I'm sure you've heard content is king, right? Yeah, I mean it's a phrase that's widely repeated, but it should be because when it comes to the content, that's really what's key in order to succeed in a digital world. So digital marketing 101, behind the content that's right for you, often a misconception is that, oh it needs to like always take on one form, but that's not necessarily the case. Exactly. I actually don't prefer Twitter because it's just not my platform. On the other hand, LinkedIn is the one that I feel fits my personality and just how I interact with people on a regular basis. Yeah, and maybe words are hard for you.  Then Twitter, not so much the platform for you when it comes to digital marketing. Not to worry. Go to Instagram Stories. You can get out a ton of great content in a more visual world, and that might be a better form for you. Alright Emma, so how do you decide which type of content is best for you? My audience, right? Like what is something that I can do that my audience is going to enjoy to see that being day to day, right? Or what's something that gives me more than just a few ideas? And I've found with Instagram Stories what I really leverage is, I live in San Diego, and a lot of people find San Diego to be a very desirable place to live. And I would agree, one of the best places to live in the US. So I definitely leverage that for my content. Like this is a very San Diego moment, whether I'm strolling through the farmers market, you know I'm using that IG Stories, or I'm headed to the beach to catch a good surf, or if I'm skateboarding to the grocery. Like these are all things are very San Diego in their essence, and my audience will tune in day to day to see that, especially for my childhood friends in Indiana who experience not sunshine every day and get hit with some hard winters. So on my end, I know for me I enjoy video because I have so much more that I can use to my disposal when communicating. My tone inflection, my eyes, you know, looking at you and making sure that you feel like I'm talking to you. And I definitely have a lot of gestures that I use with my hands and my body language. So for me, video is the best way for me to communicate. I'm not, I don't really care too much about writing. Video, I've been told by my audience and those that, you know, interact with me, they enjoy the energy that I bring across the video. That's awesome, Sam. And one thing for all of y'all listening at home, like do something that you enjoy creating, do something that you're good at, and that will definitely show in your video. So you're having a good time. I know mine is. Definitely. And also to find out what you're good at, don't be afraid to just try things out. You don't know unless you try, so just give it a go. Dive in. So the next digital marketing strategy, build out your mailing list. I know with email marketing, it's really key that you're collecting emails. But think about how you can do that. I know at GoDaddy, for GoDaddy social specifically, what we do is we put out ebooks and even webinar invites, which is free to download and join the webinar. So it's great content. It's educational content. And in exchange for getting the ebook or the webinar registration, we're collecting an email address and building out that list, which is really important that you have a way to connect and contact your potential customers or customers directly. And email is a great way to do that. So if you're already creating content in one medium, you can repurpose it as an email and just as Emma said, collect those email addresses. So on my day-to-day job at GoDaddy social, I often have to tell my clients that vanity metrics, they don't really matter. The likes and the comments, you want those. Yes. However, it doesn't necessarily always equate to sales. When you have an email marketing plan, sometimes you can actually follow those metrics, click through and figure out what people are doing after they've received your email to see, okay, did that put money in my cash register? So keep that in mind when you're putting all of this digital marketing strategy together. What's the end goal? You actually want to bring money back into your business. Remember, you got to give your content time to grow. This is not something you can rush. Sure, we all know someone who went viral. I know Nealey with TikTok, like a million views all of a sudden. I don't know how it happened, but don't, this is a rarity. Really, you want to plan maybe six months of steady, high quality content that you're putting out there in the world. And with that, you know, just know, hey, this is going to be a time commitment. You don't expect some results overnight or even within a month. I know we do that a lot at GoDaddy social and we bring people on board. Like, hey, we're going to manage your social media for you, which is great because you don't have to do it. But hey, heads up. Like, this is something that takes a few months to get the ball rolling to see results. And I tell my clients all the time, yes, consistency and quality are so much more important than trying to go viral. I even remember a situation where a customer asked me, yeah, I want to have, you know, my content go viral. Like, wait a second, slow down. You know, it's a lot of different moving factors that go into going viral. But then think about what happens after that. You want to have consistency. You want to have a good digital footprint. So having good quality content coming out on a consistent basis, having an overall strategy that looks good and professional. That's what you want to look at, because just in case someone doesn't see you when you first post, whenever they do see you, they can then look at your track record and see all of your online portfolio that just speaks to who you are and what you are. Yeah, they're not going to just look at that most recent post or just your Instagram. We're seeing that consumers are bopping around. They're going to your Instagram. They're scrolling deep. They're going over to Twitter, checking out what's happening there. They're going to Facebook, also doing a little research. So they're really looking at not just that day or that week, they're looking at months of content across multiple platforms. So you want to make sure you're setting yourself up for success with this consistency. And that's, again, letting your content grow. Give it time. And on the same note, we talked about quality content. You want to make sure that you're giving your audience value. You want them to continue to come back. So if you have a subscriber, they're coming to you because you give them something that they can use, actionable advice or services that they actually trust. So keep that in mind when you're producing your content. What is in it for the audience member? Totally. And just like the examples we were sharing with the ebook from GoDaddySocial and the webinar invite, it's very clear that, hey, sure, you give us our email address. What are you going to get? Bullet points. You're going to learn X, Y, and Z. And in the webinar, you're going to get one hour of educational content. So notice, and it's very clear with our messaging and the email, this is not a sales pitch. You're going to get actionable items that you can put to use today, right after you download that ebook or join that webinar. So keep in mind, too, with the journey, we have so many videos that we actually do on different topics to help everyday entrepreneurs like you do things that you need in order to make your business grow even more. All right, that's a wrap. You just learned digital marketing tips for success in 2020. Comment below. We'd love to know what your favorite one was and like this video. And make sure you subscribe to our channel and ring the bell so you're notified when we have fresh content coming out. This is The Journey. See you next time.


We are recording this meeting as well so that you can share this recording with your teams who are not able to join us today and cascade that training. We also invite those of you who are on social media, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, to join us on our conversation online by using the hashtags that you see on your screen, hashtag child rights, and also you can tag us at girlsinspire and at call4d. And you can also use the hashtag and child marriage. Without further ado, I'd like to pass on the microphone to Mrs. Frances Ferreira, who is a senior advisor for the Women and Girls Initiative at the Commonwealth of Learning. Good morning, good evening, good afternoon, wherever you are. It is quite a pleasure for us to welcome you to our second webinar for 2017. Today we are very pleased to be joined by our guest speaker from Pakistan, Mr. Aniz Jalani. Very much because of the fact that he is the founding member of one of our partners, Park. So it is very, very pleasing to have Mr. Jalani with us. He may not need any introduction in Pakistan, but for the rest of the meeting who do not know Mr. Jalani, he is a lawyer by profession, he is also an author, and I have already said the founding member of Spark, he has a Juris Doctor from the University of Florida and an Amelit from the University of Aberdeen, an MSC from this university's name I cannot pronounce, but it is in Pakistan. But what is very significant about Mr. Jalani is the fact that he has written extensively on the issues of child labour and youth rights, including authoring the book Child Labour, The Legal Aspects, Christ Unheard, Juvenile Justice in Pakistan, Child Rights in Pakistan, a book focused on child rights with a special emphasis on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Mr. Jalani is indeed the right person to talk to us about this issue. As we focus on ending or contributing towards ending, we will not be able to end it ourselves, but we will make a small difference in the phenomenon of child marriage. He is the person to speak to us on this topic because a child that is forced because of the fact that she is underage to get married, that indeed is violating their child's rights. So anything that we do outside what the child's rights are is indeed not protecting their child, but violating their child's rights. So Mr. Jalani is a prolific writer on this topic. He speaks out on this, and we are very happy that he has agreed, despite his very busy schedule, to join us this evening from Islamabad and to speak to us at this. I will now immediately hand over the mic to Mr. Jalani. We will make you a presenter, but Cherise will take over to give you the floor and tell you what will now happen, Anise. Very, very welcome. Thank you very much, Frances, and thank you, Anise. Anise, we have changed and provided you with a presenter on GoToMeeting. You would have received a notification on your screen to give permission to share your screen with us. It says tab to share content. So I have three boxes. So which box should I tab? What boxes do you have? I have file, whiteboard, and website. Okay, I think it's... Would you have your presentation on your desktop? Would you have it open on your screen? Let me just click on file. Okay, we can try that. If not, then we can share the presentation from here. It says whiteboard now. It's whiteboard. Let me check. Nope. Okay, Anise. What we will do is that we will just share this... Yeah, so what you can do is you can put the slide and I'll tell you each time when to change the slide. Okay. That sounds good. We will do that. So we can go to the next slide. I'm thankful to Commonwealth of Learning for giving me this chance and hello to Frances, Tina, and Sharif, and to all my colleagues and my friends from Spark. I will be more interested in the questions rather than giving a lecture because I think most of you will be knowing about the subject and many of the things which I will be talking about probably all of you will know. So it will be good to have an interactive session, but I have 20 slides. How much time would I have, Sharif? It would be 20 minutes, Anise, after we get the questions and answers. Okay. So as you can see from the slide, by the way, most of these pictures, they are taken from our Spark's centers for street children. But so this is, Spark had just started this new center and this picture, some of these pictures, especially this one, for instance, these are taken from our new center. As you can see from the slide that child protection is to protect the rights of all children against violence and abuse, exploitation, neglect, and discrimination. And as you can see, when we are talking of these things, the violence, it could be physical, psychological, emotional, socio-cultural, and gender-based. So as you can see, the protection that we are seeking is against a wide variety of influences that can hurt a child. So we are talking of a very comprehensive subject and we, all of us, we wish the child to be protected from all these ills. Next slide, please. Starting with the UN convention on the rights of the child, which I maybe call in CRC, it's sometimes called the Magna Carta of child rights, or it can be like a bill of rights. And generally speaking, it's said that the rights, all the rights given in the CRC, they can be divided into the protection, development, and participation categories. So, and then in this slide and in the next one, what I have tried to do is I have tried to categorize these, some of these articles. Can you go to the previous slide, please? Yeah, thank you. Starting with non-discrimination, I need not explain what we mean by discrimination, but we are saying that there should be no discrimination against children on any grounds. So it's any form of discrimination. And this basically means that we are here to promote child rights and without discrimination. Discrimination could be on grounds of gender. It could be on grounds of religion, nationality, national origin. And there is another ground which is seldom talked about, but from my experience, I think it's a very important ground, which is your class origin. Lots of times what we come across is that children, they are discriminated against, and not just children, even adults, they are discriminated against on the basis of their origin. They're okay if your parents or your father, he has been not so well off as some of the others, so the society, it will discriminate against you. The second important point is, and this is something which I think all child activists they should keep in mind, which is that the best interests of the child should always be upheld. So when we are dealing with any issue relating to children, what we should always keep in mind is the best interests of the child. So I think this is a standard which should all the child rights activists, they should be asking themselves that an action which they take, will this action be promoting the best interests of the child? And this last sentence, if you look under the best interests of the child, the last sentence under that is very important that sometimes the families, they are unable to take good care of their children, and if the family is dysfunctional or because of its inability for whatever reason, then it becomes the obligation of the state to intervene and to provide the child with adequate care. So generally speaking you can say, we will be talking about it in the remaining slides also, but the primary responsibility for looking after children is that of the family. But it's also the duty of the state to keep an eye and intervene if it sees that the family is unable to look after the child properly. Next please. Children is, obviously it pertains to life, it's an important right, and in countries like Pakistan and some of the other developing countries, unfortunately many children they die. Many children under the age of one year they die and the number is running into hundreds of thousands. Many children they die under the age of five, almost half a million children in Pakistan they die each year under the age of five. And lots of times it's happening because of very minor reasons, like clean drinking water. If suppose there is no clean drinking water with children they are given dirty water and children are suffering. So this is an important right and which should be kept in mind. And the last one and as you can see many of the CRC articles they are dealing with this which is protection. And I have already defined protection, so I will not go into it, but if you can look at these articles of the CRC then many aspects of child rights they will be covered by the heading protection. CRC is also responsible for introducing a very new concept which is the child opinion. That prior to the CRC there was not so much talk of the right of participation of children. So it was for the first time that this idea it was introduced and as a consequence now it's almost accepted by all concerned especially child rights activists that children's opinion they should be taken into account and they should have a say in the decisions that affect their lives. And this enables the children to express their views, to discuss issues which consider which they consider important and to also receive information which is relevant to them. So as you can see we are also talking of the right of information of children. The next one it's dealing with right of identity of children that they should have a name, an understanding family relations and I don't know about Canada but many of the children who work in Pakistan you will be surprised to know that they are not called by their names.  If the child is dark then people will be calling him by the color of the skin and not by his name. So this is something that child laborers they suffer a lot and this is a very common practice. Next, children are vulnerable. I need not explain this to all of you. They are dependent on their parents. They are immature. They are vulnerable to abuse and so as a result we all have a duty to protect their rights. And again on this slide we are saying more or less the same thing which we said in one of the earlier slides which is that if the primary duty is that of the family to protect their children's rights but if for any reason the family is unable to look after the child properly then it's the responsibility of the state to intervene and to ensure that children are adequately protected. Next please. I have already explained that family is the basic unit. What this slide is apart from saying the same thing is also saying that the state should assist the family in protecting and promoting the rights of children there. Next please. Apart from the family and the state I think the community also has a role to play. And so and I think this is where all of us who are taking part in today's discussion we comment that we also have a role to play and this includes when we are talking of community it includes schools also, institutions, hospitals, police stations and NGOs and civil society generally. It's our job also apart from the family and the state it's our job also to alert the concerned people if we see there is a possibility of child abuse or abuses take place.  And the last sentence on this slide is saying that an early action always helps. And it's the best way to protect the child if an early action is taken. And every attempt should be made that the child should stay with the family. So in certain circumstances it may not be feasible but every attempt should be made that the child stays with the family if possible. Next please. Now what is really how can the state help? What is the role of the state? The state it can of course help by having proper laws. So I think this is one of the first steps. And then once you have the proper laws then the next step is to implement and enforce those laws. And then also by establishing proper institutions which are working and which are competent in this field. Next please. Next. It's the job of the state to protect all children. And it should in this regard have proper laws. It should have regulatory measures for protecting children. It should implement child protection systems. It should develop its administrative and institutional capacities. And most importantly this is something which unfortunately is lacking in a country like Pakistan is to create awareness about child rights, about the issues which we have discussed tonight. That awareness need to be created amongst the people, amongst the masses. That children also have rights just like everyone else in the society. Next please. Next. So I think all of us in the civil society it can play an important role in this by disseminating information about the laws, about various institutions which are available to have children. And the state it can also give incentives to protect children from violence and abuse. And it can also strengthen the existing structures if need be. Next please. Next. When we are talking of child protection it also covers child abuse. Abuse need not just be physical although this is what is being shown in the picture but it can be mental, emotional. So this is something again which should be kept in mind that when we are talking of abuse, whether child abuse or other kinds of abuse, it's not just physical abuse, it could be emotional abuse also. And an important factor is the third sentence on the slide which is that most of the time these different kinds of abuses they are not found in isolation. They are usually in combination. For instance, a physically abused child is often emotionally abused as well. A sexually abused child is likely to be neglected also. And age is no more. A child could be abused at any age. So it's not just you may think that our teenage girls are more vulnerable lots of times. A 3-4 year old child can also be sexually abused. Next please. Next. Neglected against something common in poor countries and developing countries. You know, a country like Pakistan where almost two-thirds of our population and Pakistan is a populated country. It consists of almost 120 million people. But almost two-thirds of the people in this country they are poor. They are earning less than $2 a day. So as a result of this, the children of these poor people, they are neglected. They don't get enough to eat. They are not getting education. They are not getting proper education. They are not getting adequate care. And this results in neglect of children. It endangers the physical, mental, spiritual and social development of the child. And it's obviously harmful to the child. Next please. Next. This is not a dramatization. The picture you see on the slide. This is an actual picture. And this person who is beating the child, he is the district education officer in one of the districts in Punjab. And he is beating this child. And fortunately the picture was taken thanks to mobile phones. But this is, I hear to say this, but this is common. The children are beaten in the schools in Pakistan. And it's also very common for people to beat their children at home also. And we should all oppose corporal punishment. We should keep struggling to have proper laws which prohibit corporal punishment. Next please. Next. When we are talking of protection, it also covers child labor. And an important thing about child labor is that it deprives children of their childhood. And it's an obstacle to their development. And lots of times child labor is justified on the grounds that the children are poor. But you should also keep in mind that child labor is also one of the causes of poverty.  But these children, they will remain poor because they are working and they are not going to school. So in order to break this cycle, the state will need to intervene and break the cycle and help the families of these child laborers. And all child laborers, they suffer major physical and psychological problems. And the physical consequences, they need not always be because of the hazardous work. It could be because of the physical abuse, lack of proper nutrition. And most of the time, child laborers will have a very low self-esteem. You can imagine that how a child working in a home will be feeling when all children living in their house, they are going to school and that child instead of going to school is polishing their shoes and washing their clothes. So that child will always have a very low self-esteem. So you are virtually destroying such a child and so we need to oppose child labor in all its forms. Next, please. Next, we label child laborers. We call them beggars, beggars.  And so the labeling assumes an acute form also. And as you can see from the third sentence on the slide that because of this low self-esteem, the negative reaction of the people, the children, they create a distorted perception of their self, which is detrimental to the child's personal development. Next, please. We have been talking of child, but every reference to a child also includes girls. And in a society like Pakistan and maybe in many other countries, boys are given preference over girls.  And we are talking of a phenomenon like child marriage. Most of the time, young girls, they are married at a very early age, which of course results in violence also. A huge number of children, they are employed in people's homes. And most of these children who are working in people's homes, they are girls. And all these children, including girls, they are exploited. And since they are working in homes, so lots of times remain invisible. Next, please. Many times these practices by people and the society, they are defended in the name of customs traditions. But we should all oppose such attitudes and we should try to bring about a change in the society. Like lots of times even if a girl, she wants to marry of her own choice, it will be opposed by the family. Many times the girls, they are killed also in the name of family honour. So these are all practices that should be opposed by the society and the state. Next, please. We should also keep in mind that when talking of protection, we are also talking of children who are in prison. Luckily the number of children in jails in Pakistan presently is not large. But it does not mean that the few children are in conflict with the law. Roughly speaking, almost like 70 to 80,000 children, they are facing trial. They may not be in prisons but they are facing trials. So there are many children who faced police and who are in conflict with that law. And it's very important for the state, for the families, for the community to help these children. Next, please. And lastly, when we are talking of protection, we should also try to keep in mind the rights of children who are victims of natural disasters. Rather, it's floods, earthquakes or any other kind of natural disaster. But children, because they are dependent, they are extremely vulnerable in such situations. And it's our job, the job of the society to help such vulnerable children. And when there is an armed conflict, it's also a situation where children, they should be helped. Thank you. Wow. Thank you very much, Anis, for that wonderful presentation. There's quite a few issues that came up that I wasn't even aware of. So this was indeed a great presentation. I think everybody will agree with me that the presentation served its purpose. We learned a lot. But we did not only learn a lot. There's a lot of challenges ahead of us that we weren't even aware of. Things that we should be conscious of as we continue to do this work that we are doing. Of course, we can't change the world, but whatever small contribution we can make, can make a difference in many, many more years to come from now. Thank you very much, Anis. I'll give the mic back to Cherise, who's facilitating the questions and answers. You wanted to say something, Anis? No, no. Thank you. Thank you very much, Anis, and thank you very much, Frances. Anis, I'd like to add my voice to that presentation, which was really eye-opening for us here. We don't really hear about these challenges in such depth here at the Commonwealth of Learning. So we really appreciate your insight. We'd like to now open the floor for any questions or comments from the meeting. If you have any questions, you can kindly unmute your phone, like clicking on the red button, or you can type in your comments or questions in the chat box on your screen. Mama Jasta, I see that you've got your microphone on. Yes. How are you? Good, Mama Jasta. It's nice to hear your voice. Welcome to the meeting. Thank you very much, and I also commend the presentation in the issues of chat rights and the functions of this conference, which iterate our way. Also, I see the similarities between what we're doing, and the efforts to participate in terms of challenges which we have and which we think should go together to work on it, maybe relieve pain, stress, and psychological tortures to children. I would like to share what we have in Tanzania in regards to child protection policies. And we have always been in national discussion on how to execute the appropriate measures, which would help to make sure that we provide the rights to the children in a wider perspective and in various dimensions of key issues which children face as well. As you heard, we are working in four main areas, which actually are very much interlinked and are subjected to variation of the children's rights, and in particular the child's rights. Because when you talk of issues on commercial sexual exploitation, child labor and in particular hazard as child domestic work, and child trafficking, and child marriage, those are the key phenomena issues which actually, the structures which are not persistent in terms of state owning the shares of protecting children face a lot of challenges and problems when we come to execute the rights of the children. So, today we are seeing these challenges, but we are also hoping as organizations, societies in the country working to get networking with the existing structures which we have in Tanzania to make sure that we trigger down our efforts to the lower level of societies, like the grass-roots societies where they don't have a voice, because we want the children themselves to participate in the area of promoting their rights. But we want their voices actually being articulated to go up to the government officials, to members of the parliament, to the families so that all of them, they can take up best interest of the children as one priority. But the issues now comes to how we, for example, policymakers, do we really have the mandate, for example, to patient them? If we have a mandate, how do we do it? Do they respond? If we say, for example, in one of the late zones, 56% of the young girls under 17 are not in school because they're being married off with their parents. Do we come up with a law at the local level? Do the society complete their own initiative to make sure that they condone such traditional things? We have a lot of things which we can share, as the President has shown us. But we also have a mandate as a society to voice up, to make sure that the children themselves are participating all along in the way of promoting the rights of themselves. Thank you. Thank you, Mama Jesta. For those in the room who are new to the meeting, Mama Jesta is the Executive Director of Kiwethe in Tanzania, which is a Kiwata Women Health and Development Organization. Thank you very much for sharing all of that and the situation in Tanzania about children's rights and the work that Kiwethe is doing to raise the voices of girls and women to the upper levels of the community, into the government, into the policymaking. I'm not sure if everybody was able to hear Mama Jesta very well because of the connection. I think this is a good opportunity for us to continue the conversation, also after this webinar on our community of practice online, so that everybody can be on the same page with what we missed during the audio. And we will also share the recording with you in case you were not able to hear the comments in full. Mr. Anise, would you like to respond to that before I go to the next comments and questions in queue? No, thank you. Okay, thank you very much. I see that Kuzia had added a comment in the chat box. Kuzia, would you like to unmute your phone so that you can make that comment for everybody to hear? Hello. Thank you very much for the presentation. I just wanted to ask you that nowadays, as you said, that children are used in armed conflicts and also you can see that in our recent conversation, children are used as suicide bombers. But on the other hand, many countries have, you know, the prohibitive death sentence for juveniles. And on the other hand, children are used in the criminal activities and terrorist activities. So how do you see this situation and how, what is the, I mean, solution to this situation? How we can address it? Thank you. Thank you very much, Kuzia. Sajida, are you able to unmute your phone and also read us your comments so that everybody in the room can hear? Sajida? Okay, if Sajida is not able to have her audio work, Sajida is saying that she agrees with Anise that there is a requirement to raise awareness about laws related to child protection in developing countries such as Pakistan. And it's true that CSOs, civil society organizations, can play a vital role to create awareness amongst populations. Sajida, if you'd like to add anything to that comment, please feel free to unmute. But in the meantime, I'll proceed to Mostafa, who I saw earlier, unmuted his phone as well. Mostafa, was there a comment or a question that you'd like to raise? Okay, it looks like Mostafa is having audio issues. It seems like he's just left the room. He might be trying to reconnect. There are a few comments in the chat box saying that they appreciated Mama Justa's insights into Tanzania, which is really great. I'll proceed to Frances, who has a comment or a question before proceeding to Sabine, who's unmuted her line as well. Thank you so much, Cherise. Anise, I wanted to ask, did you take all those pictures yourself? It's really brilliant pictures. It speaks to the issue. And those are the type of things that really captures people. But I also want to ask the audience here in the room. These issues that were raised by Anise, is there any of those that you think you are taking on board already or something that you think you can address? I saw this one about the child's right to his or her opinion. I think in the work that we are doing for child early-force marriages and for reaching the unreached, there is something we are addressing in the sense that we are saying to our partners that whatever skills we give to the girls we need to find out from them, is that what you want? It is what they want, what they need, and not for us forcing it on them. So in a way, we are respecting their rights there by giving them the opportunity to tell us what it is that they want to do with their lives. But I'm really curious to know whether there are some of the other issues which were addressed quite challenging issues that you are already taking on board in your work. It doesn't have to be in the work that you are doing on this project with the Commonwealth of Learning. It can be in any of the other work that you are doing. Thank you, Cherise. Thank you very much, Francis. Are there others who want to contribute to the question that Francis had posed before I proceed to the questions in queue? Okay, I see Mama Jasta and then Asiya who had unmuted. Mama Jasta, would you like to make your comments? I think Francis is right because as I said before, most of the issues related to the rights of the children are interlinked because, for example, the causes, the modality and the methods on how we approach and work through to make sure that we are promoting the rights of the children, the policies, the regulations, the conventions, the perceptions of the community, the families, the children themselves, most of the time are interlinked. So whenever we are working in the areas of why then the scope on how we can attack but also how we can implement the programs in regards to the rights of the children. So I think it is very important to be inclusive, to involve all the duty bearers, the stakeholders to make sure that we are in the right path to promote the rights of the children. Thank you very much, Mama Jasta. I'll proceed to Asiya. Yeah, I would just like to respond to Francis Query. Spark has worked on a range of child rights issues including juvenile justice. Magista is pretty right here as well. You have to have collaboration with duty bearers because you cannot work alone. A civil society cannot really work alone in isolation. So I would not like to speak much about Spark's work here because Mr. Lani Saheb has already made a very comprehensive presentation but it's just that my point is working in isolation may not work. It might not work, so working together with government, with civil society, with police, with all relevant departments, with donor agencies, that's the need of the time. So that was the comment from my side. Thank you very much, Asiya. That's a very good point that we need to collaborate with as many organizations as possible and streamliner efforts for the purpose of the child at the very end. Anise, I think you've unmuted your phone. Do you have a comment or a question? Yeah, I want to respond to some of the queries. So the answer to that is taken by me. And like I said, the ones from our Center for Street Children they have been taken only recently. Now, as for Kutziya's question about children involved in terrorism, that's a very difficult question. But many of these children who are taking part in terrorism and the ones used for suicide bombers. Incidentally, most of the suicide bombers who are currently being used in Pakistan, they are children. Now, it goes without saying that these children, they are taking part in these terrorist activities without being convinced. Almost all these children, they have been going to the religious schools and maybe from a very early age. And this is how they have been taught. This is how they have been educated. That if they do as told by their teachers, then they will go to heaven. So I don't think that the children really are being given a proper choice or a decision. So it's not that they are fighting an ideological war. It's more, you can say, a propaganda war where these children, they are being almost hypnotized by their educational institutions. But one thing, you know, Jasta also, she was mentioning this. She gave example of Tanzania. I personally think that most of the issues relating to child rights, they can be solved. Society has the resources. It's just that the rulers and the governments, they are not interested in solving child rights issues because children, they have no voice. Children and a democratic polity, they cannot vote. They don't have political parties. They don't demonstrate. So as a result, the governments, they feel that they can be ignored. And this is a tragedy because in most of the countries, they constitute almost like 50% of the population. And despite this, they are ignored. But all countries, regardless of the resources, they have the money. If you look at the defense budget of almost every country, you will see that, you know, for instance, if you don't want to fancy airplanes or want to fancy tanks, you can build maybe 1000 schools. So it's really a question of priority. That instead of spending billions on these mega projects or buying sophisticated defense equipment, if you spend it on children, you can save hundreds of thousands of children's lives. And lots of times, you know, when we are talking of protecting the lives of children, then not very many resources are needed. It's more a question of political will. The point I'm trying to make here is that a lot depends on political will of the government. If there is a will, it can do a whole lot. Anise, thank you very much. I think your voice was cutting in and out during your comment. But thank you for that additional insight. I think I'm personally inspired by this conversation because we can continue this conversation for many more minutes and for the next hour to come. But for the interest of time, we're coming to the end of the webinar. So we have two questions in queue and then we'll go to the closing remarks because we know it's very late. Your site there in Tanzania and Bangladesh and Pakistan. Mustafa, would you like to read your question and make your comment? Yes, thank you, Cheris. Can you hear me? Yes, we can hear you. I'm using the mobile because I have to switch from one device to another device. Thank you for reconnecting. We can hear you very well. Please go ahead. Okay. Yes, I have one observation and question. Our observation is, actually, if you think of the violation of child rights, so I think it's widespread because if you consider the education, so even if all other rights are okay, but what kind of education we are giving to the students, the curriculum, et cetera. So maybe they are not preparing for the future because our education system, even in Bangladesh and I don't know in Pakistan and some other places in the developing countries, these are very old fashioned, so these are not preparing the students for the future. So it's a kind of violation in my opinion. Even everything is fine, so it's a kind of violation of child rights because they are not prepared as a confident and able citizen for the future. This is the one thing. And then if we see the child rights from different angles, what the presenter is very nice with, so what should be the priority in this space and who will take the lead? For example, what I see about the curriculum if you look at the education and some other rights, we see that the governments are always silent. So from the community point of view and some other institutional level, we can do this. We are just trying to push and I think the initiative of Girls in Spare is excellent here. So they are just emphasizing the education and by addressing education, we can add just a lot of things together. So maybe community can be involved and everything can go together and we can also address the child rights and also directly. So my question is what should be the priority in this case because everywhere it is widespread and who should take the partnership between the government and the private organization or a level organization form in this case. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Mostafa. Anise, I see that you've got your microphone on. Would you like to comment on Mostafa's question? Yeah, he was asking about the priority. The priority should be to influence the government. I think the NGOs, the civil society, it will always let the resources to solve children's problems. Just to give you an example, for instance, there are almost like 60 million children right now, not 600 million. So the numbers are huge. So as a result, I think if we need to solve children's problems, then the state will have to intervene. So Mostafa, as he is mentioning about the priorities, I think the priority of all the NGOs should be to convince the government to take steps. And lots of times, unfortunately, the government doesn't get convinced we have to exert pressure on the government to do the needful. Education is important, but when we are talking of education, it's also very important that what are we teaching the children? Now, it's not just alphabets. The content of what a child is learning is also important. So it's very important to keep in mind the content, the curriculum, and I think it has to be upgraded and has to be improved, modernized. It should be progressive. So it's not just education for the sake of education. It's also the quality which is important. Thank you. Thank you, Anise. I think there's a lot here that we can unpack about the quality of education, about what the priorities are for NGOs and CSOs, and how we should have that relationship with the government to make the most impact. And I think Mostafa is the extension team member here at Vancouver. She is the consultant that is helping us engage further on the online community of practice. I think we can continue this valuable discussion online, and Anise, we would really appreciate your continued insight on that platform, and we will send you that information to continue this conversation after this webinar. We have, in the interest of time, we have one more question from Sabine from Spark, and then we'll proceed to the closing remarks. Thank you, Cherise. I just need to know from Anise that as we are all told to keep the best interest of this child in our child protection world, but mostly our efforts or intentions contradict with the parent's intentions. For instance, if a child comes to our center with a broken arm beaten by his mother, and we want to go for his medical treatment, but still as a policy rule, we have to get consent of the parents while the child is already beaten by the parents. And then we find so many challenges and issues from the parents. Another issue or challenge which we face that most of the children, they run away from their homes due to domestic corporal punishment, but again we reunify them with their families and sending them to their homes, keeping in mind that the other risks are much larger than their domestic issues. But still somehow I feel in child protection work of civil society, we feel, you know, keeping in view the other so many issues like the system, the system is broken, there's no, you know, parallel system for the children, but still the family is a major challenge in our daily services or child protection services to children. So how we as a child rights activist or child rights organization overcome this issue. Thank you. So being that's an excellent insight about the very personal level, the very personal challenges that children go to. So what is, how do we balance the interests of the parents and the legalities around that with the children's interests as well. Anise, would you like to comment? Yeah. I think she has a valid concern and this is a problem in a country like Pakistan because the state or public authorities are not present. Like for instance if a similar thing happens in Canada you will have the state resources. You will have various institutions where a child who has been beaten up by his parents could be sent. Unfortunately such institutions are not widely present in Pakistan and even if they are in some cities the quality of these institutions leave a lot to be desired. Lots of times when you compare the livable conditions of these institutions with the house of the child you feel that the child is better off at home than living in an institution. So this is an ongoing struggle for a child rights activist like Sabine to be working in Pakistan. But what we should do is we should also convince the government to have proper institutions in all major cities where these such children could be sent. We should have not just institutions we should have the relevant personnel like the probation officers the social welfare officers who one can concern. There should be councillors who should be able to intervene in such situations. But these authorities and institutions they are missing in Pakistan right now but this is what our struggle is about to have such institutions established. Thank you. Thank you very much, Anise. I think that's a nice summary of what is our goal here. And again I'd like to invite everybody to continue this conversation because there's so many things that we can unpack from this conversation on child protection. Thank you for bearing with us over time. I'd like to pass it back to Francis for the closing remarks. Thank you so much, Sharice. Thank you, a big thank you to everybody who was in the room who stick with us despite the technological challenges because I realized at times there were people who couldn't hear and went out and came in again. Thank you so much. But most importantly, thank you very much, Anise for this enlightening presentation and really thought provoking presentation. As Sharice has indicated we will share this presentation with a wider audience and we hope to continue the discussion. We will send you the link to where the discussion will be and we hope that people will engage. I did ask you earlier about the pictures in your slides. One of the reasons that I'm asking is that should we want to use one of those pictures in some of our marketing material we will ask you permission if it's a picture of yourself a picture that you have taken yourself so that we can use it. As far as pictures taken by me you have my permission in advance. But I'm not sure whether you have taken all those pictures. You can ask me about the picture when I let you know. It was a strange picture that I won't ask you now about. I don't think you have taken. Which one? Give me the slide number. Where the person was spanking the child why did you pick that one? No, that's not taken by me. It's taken from a newspaper. Yes, I knew that one. That's why I'm asking you. Anyways, on a more serious note thank you very much everybody we have gone 13 minutes over our time but I think it was worth it. Thank you so much Cherise for facilitating the session. This was the last session that Cherise facilitated for this specific group. Christina who joined us in Jasmine's previous job has kindly agreed to take over this role and so Christina will be the person that will be in charge at the next session. I will still be there but Christina will take over the facilitation. Thank you so much Christina for preparing all the hard work behind the scenes to get everybody in the room and also communicating with our guest presenter. Thank you so much Anise for all the effort you have made to put the presentation together and for giving us your time in lawyers language. I think it is quite a high amount of contribution in kind that you have given to us now because if we had to pay you with money I don't know what your charges are per hour but thank you so much good evening good afternoon and good morning to us here in Canada until we talk again next time. Thank you very much. If there's any person who wants to say we will leave the mic on otherwise thank you very much. Thank you Yes Mr. Vah Thank you France is a very nice issue and very critical. I would like to just say I might get you to chair this because she conducted all the sessions just staying beside you very nicely effectively and everything she did is very nicely so we are grateful to her for her service in this regard. Thank you very much. I really appreciate that and I'll still be here observing next time but also thank you to you for your work in preparing us with the plugs and we look forward to more of your insight after this discussion so that we can continue all of this valuable conversation. There's a lot here that we can still discuss. Thank you very much Mr. Vah. Have a good night everybody. Thank you very much.


Today's video is sponsored by Shadow's Edge, which is a game I'm very excited to tell you about as it deals directly with building mental health and perseverance. But first, let's dive into the video. Hello there, my beautiful, lovely, delightful, and talented internet friends. How many of you are extraordinarily concerned that I am holding a hot coffee cup near expensive electronics? Yeah, me too. I'm just gonna set this down. Welcome back to my channel. It is lovely to see you here. Now, the one thing you need to know heading into this video is that I am not opposed to a good old-fashioned pity party from time to time. I say that as a joke, but in all seriousness, I sometimes think that things like grief and sadness and anger over losses in our lives are downplayed because of, you know, always being positive, which is not a psychologically healthy thing. I think it's important to take time to grieve, to feel what you're feeling. And sometimes in the process of recognizing losses, there can be a sense of self-pity that comes bubbling up along with that. And I found myself yesterday, like, throwing a full-blown, all-members-invited pity party sitting in a lodge up in the mountains of Colorado. I don't want to brag, but I was partying pretty hard, sinking into thoughts of, I hate this. Why me? I just want to be normal. I'm so tired of being in pain.  If you're new to my channel, I'm up below the knee amputee. Proof is in the pudding. Proof is in the picture, actually. I lost my leg about two and a half years ago. And ever since then, I've been trying new activities, like going to the ninja gym and rock climbing, and most recently, snowboarding. And so for the second time ever in my life, we went up to Copper Mountain, Colorado to go snowboarding. And I was pretty jazzed about this because I learned the basics with my friend Noah Elliott about a month and a half ago, and I was ready to put these into practice. But the day did not exactly go as expected. I was able to do a few runs very slowly, mind you. There was lots of falling down. The tailbone is a bit sore today. My leg in my prosthetic socket was hurting a lot more than I expected it to, but by one o'clock, I felt like I was really getting the hang of it. And so I head down the mountain one more time. And about halfway down the mountain, my calf cramps, and it cramps really hard.  And that was the situation I found myself in. So I unbind my boots really quickly. I sit down on my snowboard like it's a surfboard and surf down the mountain sitting down. I guess you technically also surf standing up, but that's beside the point. Made it to the lodge as quickly as I could, limped in there, took off all my winter clothes, was able to access my leg, get it off. And as I was sitting there and massaging my little leg and drinking Gatorade and water and doing all the right things, I was on the edge of tears because all I could think is I hate this.   Like it's such a hassle. It's exhausting. Everybody else I know is still on the mountain boarding and getting better and just having a great time. And here I am just sitting in the lodge sad by myself. I'm so tired of this. This shouldn't be the case. And it was a very, very victim-y, poor-me-why-me kind of mindset, which again, I think has a place in certain situations. But as I sat there longer, I began sinking and sinking and sinking. And right behind me was a wall of windows and I could see that it began to snow, just these beautiful, huge Colorado mountain flakes and the landscape and the view were gorgeous. But I was just sitting there being so mad that I couldn't do the one thing I wanted to do and thinking about how unfair that was. And not long after, Brian and the people we were with showed up and we went to go get some food and I was still in this headspace of just like, huh, right? Like I didn't want to talk to anyone really. I didn't want to smile. I didn't want to make conversation. I just wanted to cry. And we're walking through this gorgeous landscape outside after a long and fun day. And here I am just pouting really.  And I don't want to sound like all woo-woo or anything, but I couldn't stop thinking about the fact that the world is such a huge place filled with so many diverse things, diverse people, diverse experiences, things I've never even heard of.  There are so many things to try and do. And even if I wanted to, I would never be able to try them all because we live in this incredible planet with incredible humans who, you know, are troublesome from time to time. But I almost found myself pity being overwhelmed by this sense of amazement and awe of all of the things that I could still do. And I hope you understand that I'm not saying any of this to like shame myself for feeling bad. Feelings of loss and grief. And you know, I want things to be easier and I'm grieving the fact that they aren't. I'm grieving the fact that I've had to go through this and then it's different all the time, all that. Like that's valid. Those are very valid feelings. It's okay to feel those. But it just became so clear to me in that moment that I was just sitting in these feelings of self-pity. It wasn't like I was feeling grief to process through it. I was just in the goo of a full blown pity party and I realized how counterproductive to life that is. If you've watched my channel for a little while, I've been talking about this experience of trying to adjust to life when everything isn't traumatic. For so many years of my life, there have been like metaphorical explosions going off around me pretty constantly, be it more surgeries or health issues or actual trauma, emotional, physical. I feel like I've been like in survival mode for so long and I'm finally coming out of that and trying to learn how to enjoy life, which is a lot harder than it sounds. Like actually finding joy in things and learning that that can be safe in some moments and that it's okay is very difficult. But I'm taking steps slowly but surely to get there and the realization in that moment at the pinnacle of my rager of a pity party, it was just so clear to me that I didn't need to be so upset about this one tiny little thing that I couldn't do in that moment. When the world is so full and I feel like this is something I've been learning for a long time because there have been other things and other activities in my life that have been taken away from me that I'm no longer able to do and that hurts, that's hard. Like when you find something you love and that you're passionate about you want to do that thing and I'm a pretty passionate person but even when those passions are taken from us or lost, there is so much more here for us. Like maybe I can't snowboard for three hours straight on my second try. Maybe my leg is gonna cramp up and I'm gonna have to sit while everybody else goes and does things but I don't want to waste time letting that color the way I think about my life and who I am. I don't want to waste time thinking that I am the victim in this story instead of someone who will always find a way to get through things who will always find a way one way or another to persevere. I know that is who I am. I know that is who all of us can be. And I don't know that I've ever had a moment before when I was truly deep in that that self-pity where it wasn't like I should be thinking about the things I have and the things I should be grateful for but it was just genuine awe and wonderment and gratitude for being here for being able to even friggin try snowboarding in the first place like that's cool that's really cool and at the risk of sounding cheesy I'm gonna say this I'm really excited to like be alive on this planet. Um I haven't been able to say that for many many many years of my life I've spent so much time not wanting to be here anymore and really battling rough mental health issues and having a hard time what felt like all the time and right now for this moment I have this breath of fresh air where I'm realizing that even though I may not be physically capable of some things though certain activities may not be available to me in no way does that actually restrict what I can do or who I can be I just might have to pivot a little bit you know I don't know it's just a really cool moment for me I really have a vendetta against gratitude and positivity culture when it gets toxic like nine times out of ten I have found that if someone's struggling if someone's having a hard time it is so counterproductive to tell them to be grateful for things or to be like well think of what you do have or other people have it worse because that's not generally how human psychology works like our experiences and our feelings our emotions are valid where they're at it's just how do we work out of those and I finally had this moment of breakthrough of being like I get it now I'm actually grateful I'm actually feeling a little bit of joy for everything I still can do even in this moment where I am very frustrated that there's one thing I can't do maybe being alive in the experience of life though it comes with oh so many hiccups is actually pretty damn awesome all of that being said leads so perfectly into today's video sponsor like I said at the beginning of the video our sponsor today is Shadows Edge which is a mobile game might be thinking Joe you're not really a gamer are you why are you talking about a mobile game because this one is legitimately awesome so Shadows Edge which is loading as we speak is a game that was created specifically to help especially young people develop resilience and good mental health and coping skills which is incredible and not only that it's a really fun game you're going around the city and doing things like painting and journaling to help bring things back to life and what an amazing way to gamify good mental health practices I know you already know this but you know the movies we watch the games we play the things that we do impact how we see the world and so having something that's actually fun and enjoyable and is a game to do but is also encouraging people in the direction of what some good mental health skills could be for them in the real world is incredible but in reality it is it is a weird and really challenging world right now and helping people with their mental health is vital and Shadows Edge does a fantastic job of that so I am putting a link to download it down below clicking that link will help to support this channel as it shows that people are engaging with what I'm talking about but way more than that I would honestly really really encourage you to check this out or perhaps if you have kids tell them about it tell your friends kids about it whatever it might be I do think it is a very positive thing in our world and I'm happy to be working with this company so thank you Shadows Edge like I said link is down below if you want to hit that download it check it out let me know what you think are you a gamer are you a game person I've been getting into some games lately but I'm pretty new to the whole world of playing games I was a very boring child instead of playing video games I was busy sewing my own Lord of the Rings costumes a little tidbit of information about me for you thank you so much for watching this video thank you for hanging out with me today thank you for hearing me talk about a cool moment that I had if it sparked any thoughts for you I would love to hear them in the comment section down below to my amazing and generous patrons over on Patreon thank you so much for your continued generosity and support you are the reason I can continue to do this thank you if you're interested in what Patreon is there is a link on screen also linked down below but most importantly to you watching this video right now thank you so much for spending a few minutes out of your day here with me today you could be anywhere in the world doing anything else and you chose to hang out with me for a few minutes and I really appreciate that I love you guys I'm thinking about you and I will see you in the next video can I do it can she do it I made it through an entire video without spilling any coffee on myself or explicit words are hard expensive electronics I feel like I probably deserve a medal at this point actually by now


Geospatial Analysis and Design is a course for students that are interested in writing a project proposal that outlines a geospatial system design. This course will guide you through writing your proposal and will follow the basic geospatial design processes, including a user analysis and needs assessment, a concept selection, system requirements, valuation, and cost-benefit analysis. You get to choose the term project topic idea in this class, and the options are endless. You can focus your project proposal on your interests, hobbies, or a project at work. Previous projects have focused on a voting facilities app, virtual reality app, and a trail maintenance app. You will gain valuable writing and geospatial design experience in this course. Previous students have used the topic proposal that they created in this class as the foundation for their MGIS and SDS capstone projects, or have implemented the project at their place of employment. Have a great day!


Now, let us look at a very special kind of a game or the matrix games. So, this is also known as the two percent zero sum games and which is spelling out the whole paradigm clearly there are only two players and their utility sum to zero. So, that is what a matrix game is. Why are we studying this kind of games? There are certain very interesting results some interesting properties that involves this stability notion that is the pure strategy Nash equilibrium notion that we have discussed and also the security notion that is the max mean strategies. So, we will see that there is a nice interplay between this max mean strategies and pure strategy Nash equilibrium in this kind of games. So, let us look into these games. So, as we know the games are generally represented by this couple of three entries, couple of three things. First is the player set in this case the player set is only two players one and two strategy sets and this can be arbitrary even for a matrix game and utilities. But utilities have a very specific structure that the if you look at the utilities and add them element wise the strategy profile wise then they will identically be equal to zero. So, what are the examples that we explain this notation a little better. So, I have just changed the previous penalty shootout game by removing one of the strategies for both these players. So, here the first player is the shooter and the second player is the goalkeeper. Now they have only two strategies either shoot on the left and shoot on the right or and for the goalkeeper dive on the left or dive on the right and the utilities remain the same. And what you can observe here is that the sum so the for every strategy profile l,l,r for every strategy profile if you take the utility sum of these two players they will always be equal to zero. Similarly, there can be an arbitrary game where both these players have three strategies each and you can see that every entry in this in this matrix has these two components which if you add it gives gives rise to zero. And because of this special structure you can represent this game in the form of one matrix. So, you can just ignore the second part I mean the in every entry there are two elements but you already know that the second element will be the negative of the first element. So, you can just represent the whole game just by using one single matrix. And let us represent that matrix by you or the utility of the first player the second player utility is just minus of you and that is the reason why it is called the matrix game you can represent the whole game using just a single matrix. Now let us look at some of the some of the things that we have discussed in the previous modules the max mean strategies and the min max strategies for this matrix. So, if you look at the max mean of of this matrix of the matrix u so in the first game that is the penalty shootout game the max mean is first finding the minimum over the rows so which is minus one and so that is that minimum value of that row is written here and similarly this minimum is also minus one so the max mean value in this case will be minus one in this matrix similarly when you compute the min max now you are taking the max with respect to the column so in this column you are taking the max which is one and similarly here also it is one so the mean of that two maximum values is also is going to be equal to one and these two things are not the same while for for the second example the second game if you compute the max mean value so these are the mean values for each of these rows and you find them the max of it which is going to be one and here the mean of this max values is going to be one in this case they are the same okay so now what is the relationship of your strategy Nash equilibrium with any of these things that we have discussed so far we are discussing different things max mean values min max values and what is the relationship of PSN is with all these things so first of all let us find out what are the PSN is of these games we know how to find out the PSN is let's go by the first principles if we try to find out the pure strategy Nash equilibrium of the penalty shootout game we see that that does not exist any this was one of our examples when we actually gave and gave a case for non-existence of pure strategy Nash equilibrium pure strategy Nash equilibrium is not guaranteed to exist because you cannot find any strategy profile so for instance in this strategy profile it is better for player 1 to deviate to R similarly if you look at this strategy profile it is better for player 2 to deviate to R here also because this is minus 1 so this is minus 1 comma 1 so here also for player player 1 it is beneficial for going beneficial to play L instead of R and here also it's better for player 2 to move to L so none of this strategy profiles for strategy profiles are essentially pure strategy Nash equilibrium alright so what about this in the other game here you can you can figure this out I mean take a bit of time and try to find out which one is the pure strategy Nash equilibrium let me give you the answer so you see that here in this strategy profile M comma R if you look at player 1 this particular number is the maxima of this row maxima over this column so this is greater than this and this is also larger than that similarly for the second entry it is also the row maxima so for player 2 R is is better than playing any of these other strategies CRL if the other player is playing player 1 is playing M and if this player is playing R second player is playing R then the best response for player 1 will be to play M so therefore M comma R is a pure strategy Nash now what can we observe how can we actually look at this look at this property so in in order to find out the the pure strategy Nash equilibrium in this kind of a game what are we actually doing we are actually trying to find out what is the the maximum value over this over this column and we are also trying to find out what is the maximum value over this column for the second entry now we know that the second entry is nothing but the negative value of of that number so if we look at only the matrix which is just listing out the the first entries here then what we are trying to find out is something which is which is on one dimension trying to find out the maximum value and the other dimension trying to find out the minimum value and mathematically those kind of points for for a matrix is what is known as a saddle point so here we are going to use the same name saddle point which is defined for the matrix but for for games so we'll call the this is the saddle point of this game and this the saddle point will refer to the value the the utility for this player 1 is going to be maximum and it is going to be minimum for player 2 which means that the in the other dimension it is going to be the the the minimum so if you want to represent the same matrix so this is the matrix representation of the same game and suppose there are multiple rows and columns and if we just try to portray this as so on this dimension I have x and on this dimension I have y so let us place this in a in a three-dimensional plane so I have this x which are representing the different actions or the different strategies of player one and y on the y dimension is the different strategies of player two then what we are actually trying to find out in a in a saddle point is something that that it will maximize when we are varying over x and something that will minimize when we are varying over y right that is the that is the this point if you can find any such point that is going to be the saddle point and we will show that that saddle point is nothing but a pure strategy Nash equilibrium in fact in the in the two person zero sum game or in a matrix game these two notions are one and the same saddle point means the pure strategy Nash equilibrium now you can you can actually try to do this exercise yourself so what are the saddle points of these two games you can see that in the in the first game the penalty shootout game there does not exist any saddle point because you cannot really find any such point which is a which is a row maxima or maxima over a over a specific column and it is a minima over the over a row so therefore no saddle point exists for that matrix but for the second example that arbitrary game example there exists a saddle point and we have seen that what is that saddle point so saying what we have just mentioned informally in a more formal way so we have this theorem in a matrix game with an infinity matrix u s1 star s2 star is a saddle point if and only if it's a psne so this is this is something which is actually making this notion of indistinguishability between this saddle point and psne so whenever we in in the context of matrix games whenever we are talking about saddle points we are actually meaning pure strategy Nash equilibrium and vice versa now what we are going to show this is fairly straightforward this this is a saddle point which means which implies and is implied by this is the notation for that it implies in both directions these two things so first thing is because it's a saddle point for the first entry here that is the when we are looking at the matrix and we are varying with respect to a specific column so this this way we are varying so then s1 star is at least going to be as much as any other utility in that matrix when the other player is actually sticking to that s2 star so suppose this is s2 star then s1 star is is a point s1 star is a point such that this the utility or the the value of that matrix gets maximized at this point now and this should hold for all s1s so therefore this is going to be a maxima so if you want to draw it in this way so this is the maxima on this dimension similarly it is going to be the minima when you are looking from the other dimension so if you are looking at s1 star so player one is now fixing its strategy to s1 star and you are varying in this way so you are going to s2 star and comparing that with different other strategies so for all such s2 star this point is going to be the minima so in other words this is if you want to draw it in this way so this is going to be the minimum point so therefore that is what the what a saddle point means but now we can see that by by the definition this is nothing but a definition of a pure strategy Nash equilibrium what you are doing is this is nothing but the utility itself is utility of one so the utility of one is nothing but u and utility of two is nothing but the negative of this u so therefore if you just flip this number so what you get is u2 s1 star s2 star and the inequality will get flipped u2 s1 star comma s2 so for all s2s this inequality is going to hold and therefore that is a psn right so that is the that is the that is by definition of the psn so so that that concludes this proof so we have so for that to formally establishes that psn and this saddle points are one and the same so now we are going to define the max mean and the min max values so something that we have already shown through examples so what is a max min value this is something that we have already done but now because we have only single matrix now we can we can just use the the the indices of that matrix u and we are trying to find out what is the minimum value with respect to the second coordinate and the maximum value with respect to the first coordinate and let us use this notation v lower bar to define that max min value similarly the min max value is denoted by v upper bar and it is just the it is first maximizing with respect to the first element the first entry here in the matrix and then trying to and then minimizing with respect to second element okay so now the question is how these two things are related and we have a small lemma which shows that for matrix games where this things this min max and max mean values are defined in the in the way we have defined it before this min max value is actually going to be at least as much as the max min value so this inequality should hold so note note that this is min max and this is max min okay so the proof is fairly straightforward you can just start writing this in the in a very standard way so first we start with the the the element element at s 1 comma s 2 and by the definition of minima you can find this this is the trick that we have used many times and now what you can find is this inequality is going to hold for all s ones right so this is going to hold for all s ones so therefore we can actually take maxima on on both sides so what we will have here is if we use the use the maxima on the on the left hand side and fix the strategy of of the other player to s 2 and use the maxima here so notice that on the right hand side it's just a function of s 1 it's no longer a function of t 2 because you have already taken the minima over it now after taking them the maxima over the first element this entity is neither a function of t 1 or t 2 it's it's a fixed constant now this inequality is going to be satisfied for all s 2 because we that is the only variable here now you can take the the minima so it this right hand side is just a constant number it does not change with s 2 now this is going to be satisfied for all s 2 and in particular if you take the minima then also it is going to get satisfied so that essentially completes our proof on the right hand on the left hand side you have the min max value which is nothing but v upper bar and on the right hand side you have the v lower bar which is the maximum value


So right now it is 7.45am and I'm going to start to do my review from the previous day. I used to do it at night but I switch it back to the morning and really prioritize my sleep and also you know doing some activities like running or going to the gym because sometimes at night I'm just not really in the mood to review and I kind of just butch my review so it's counterproductive to doing and actually a good review. So we're about 16 minutes of the open and at this point it seems like it's going to be a really quiet day so these are normally the day I get in trouble for some reason just because I'm forcing trades when there's some time nothing or like very little to do so already my expectations are going to be pretty low if there's nothing at like I don't know 11-12 I'll probably cut it early it's okay to take a bit of time off and enjoy life because when it's busy it's busy and I feel like the focus is going to be really on Nvidia today the reason why is it just released their earning it gapped up massively but I feel it's going to be like super crowded and super hard to trade so I just don't want to trade it today but maybe in a few days it has a nice setup or something like that so by the way at any point during this video don't forget to check out the links in the description I didn't link all the best tools for day trading that includes broker scanner charts and news feed and also if you enjoyed like and subscribe so let's get back to the video so just finished with the morning session and so far it's been what expected definitely on the slower side but we had stuff starting to run intraday and that's always good because it creates a lot of momentum you know people are starting to be too early on stuff just because they had nothing to trade before so a lot of mistakes are going to be done and it can also create good opportunities so we're going to hopefully capitalize on this this afternoon so this is off topic with the video but I'm trying to find traders that are living in the Montreal area or surrounding so if you're one of those people and you're an actual trader so you trade full time or almost full time let me know I'm trying just to build a community around here just to you know hang out get some drinks stock trading and that'd always be just behind your screen so let me know in the comment section or send me an email at this email address over here so let's get back to the video so today on the menu we have a panini sparkling water and hopefully it didn't cost us a bunch of money to get out of the office because last time it was expensive so it's currently 445 I was just finishing up with my day you know reviewing what I did because I didn't do much I didn't trade this afternoon I didn't see anything that was really worth putting risk and I didn't felt like you know taking a little scalp trade or anything like that if I'm trading the afternoon it has to be a setup that's really worth it because it's so easy to get trapped in the afternoon action just because you've been watching the tape watching level 2 watching charts the whole day sometimes you just feel like gambling a bit and I didn't want to do that so I stayed in my chair and I did not click any button which is pretty good shows that I'm improving my discipline and I'm really following my playbook and my setup so now let's talk about the main trade from yesterday or the one that I've had the most conviction on so the trade was TTOO and you can see from the execution I was pretty aggressive I was going right up the open covered some because it was SSR so you could have a big push and I just re-added everything and you know just try to build a position it takes a bit of a position off you know sometime protecting for this big spike just putting everything back on and I just topped out right over here so there was a few set up in this if we just look at you know the chart pattern we can see that there was clearly like a wedge over here so we can see that you know I was looking at the wedge even if you want to redraw it you know you could have draw it like this I was just looking for you know this was a big consolidation I was looking for a breakdown from this just looking at the intro day it's not enough so if we look mainly at the multi-day or the daily chart this is the day over here so we can see that you know it had a really big move it's been in play for a long time and it's still doing a decent amount of volume so that day over here I really thought we would break down exactly like we did you know after I stopped out but I thought we were gonna do it earlier and the reason why is we're really gapping below so I'll put something like a five minute to make it easier we were really gapping below some important level as we can see these were like the really the big level that we see over here and as we can see over here this was really kind of the level I was looking for to break down from and we did you know in the pre market we had a push into it then we were just consolidating near the lows so I was just technically thinking that this should you know kind of consolidate you know move a bit and then you know have a big breakdown and continue and we did have one really in the after noon or slash after hour almost but it wasn't really the setup I was looking for so every time I trade something I do have a reference trade in my head and that's something that I don't think everyone does but it's just by being in front of a screen like over time you just start to remember oh yeah this makes me remember of this sticker this makes me remember of this sticker so if we have COSM that was a long time ago but it was 2022 December so almost a year ago and we had somewhat of a similar situation right the stock made a big move and then we have just an important level that we're looking for a breakdown and that was the day of the breakdown so if we bring this chart we can see that you know the setup wasn't exactly the same but it was somewhat pretty close to I was just looking over here at the previous day and then you can see that you know we have like a consolidation you know we just play around and then we start going and we have a really nice move it's not the biggest trade or the cleanest trade but it's a trade that still works enough to make me want to take it and a better example I have is going to be on BBYQ and it's going to be on this particular day this was more accurate or more close so we have the level over here that we see is the 335 so if we put 335 so we have a similar situation with the gap down so it's a bit more the same as TTOO so we have stock gapping down we have a push on the open where I kind of have this like a random price action but then we create like a nice wedge and then we have a pretty nice move you know from 315 all the way to 280 so this was like the same exact setup I was looking for just a recent runner that created a lot of volume you know that there's going to be a lot of people that want to get out if we break that level fortunately TTOO has been just a harder trader when it's not like super extended it's pretty hard to trade in the like range or lower level so it's definitely something I'm going to be careful going forward I just don't think there's that much edge left and it could be because there's less retail participation or just less you know weak hands in the stock or people are really true believer and they're not going to really sell for no reason or just because the level gets broken but that's going to close this episode because I have to start packing for New York peace


What's up everyone? It's your girl, Kenzie here from Layton Sports Cards, and I'm ripping a personal for Kevin W. We've got a 2022 Leaf Lumber Baseball. All right, best of luck, Kevin. Here we go. Yeah, I noticed that. Michael, you had a really nice start. I've only ripped one box from Museum so far since it came out, so looking forward to ripping that one for you. Tier 1's always a fun product, too. This is such a cool product, too. You really don't know what you're going to get out of this. Bat will travel. We've got Roberto Alomar, 1 out of 12. That's cool, so you've got San Diego, Cleveland, Inter-Ronto, 3 different Bat Relics. That's really cool. I don't get that. I don't get that. I'm not reading it wrong, right? Have Bat will travel? That's really cool. We're doing it far in front. They are game use. That's sick. Roberto Alomar. That is really, isn't it? I do like that idea, Mike. Really cool Bat Relics there. We have here, we've got Game Use Lumber, 26 of 45, Christian Yellish. There you go. Nice brew crew hit, 26 of 45 on the Game Use Bat Relic. Ooh, what do we have here? Talk about Bat Relics, 2, 4, 6. We've got 8 Bat Relics. Paul Molliter, Raffi Palmerio, Kirby Puckett, Wade Boggs, Cal Ripken Jr., Steve Sax, Roberto Alomar, and Frank Thomas. Wow. The hit Kings of 1991, 25 of 25 bookend there. 1991. It shows how many hits, too. That's really cool. Really cool. Game Use Bats on each one of those, too. That's sick. And last one here for you, Kevin. Signature Sticks, 1 of 3 of Bill Mazurowski. That's sick. Beautiful looking card there. Again, you got all Bat Relics on each one of these cards and an auto on the last one. Signature Sticks, 1 of 3. All right, Kevin. Now we'll do it for your box. Congrats again on those hits. Thanks so much for hopping in and we'll get these right out to you.


Welcome to JSA TV and JSA Podcasts, the newsroom for telecom and data center professionals. I'm Barb Mitchell coming to you today from PTC 2022. Joining me is Patrick Jean Grosso, vice president of MCFI. Thank you so much for joining us today. Barb, thank you. It's great to be here. Aloha. Great. Aloha. Yeah, isn't it great to be back? You know, it's so nice to be in front of people and being able to talk to people again. Yeah. And it's a great show, I think for you already, because I think you have some exciting news to tell us, which we're going to talk about. But first, before we get into that, if you wouldn't mind just telling our audience a little bit about MCFI. Sure. So MCFI is Mission Critical Facilities International, been around for about 20 plus years. We specialize in data center retrofits, design build of data centers. And just recently, I came on to help develop and deliver new data center solutions, as well as a microgrid solution that is sustainable and green. And we'll get into that in this discussion. Okay. Yeah. And so I understand that you've made a major announcement about the changing landscape of the supermium basin. And can you talk a little bit about how this announcement and everything you are working on is going to change and help the oil and gas industry and West Texas in general? So we're announcing a partnership new data center rollout with Big Bend Telecom, small telecom company outside of Midland, Texas area. And they address and deliver fiber to the Permian Basin and to the oil companies out there. And we've helped them deliver a new data center. It's a modular data center based on our new genius data center solution. And it's actually helping them to deliver communications faster in the Permian Basin, as well as to a digitally starved West Texas region. And so you mentioned the genius modular data centers and micro genius energy solution. Can you tell us a little bit more and go into a bit more depth on that for us? Yeah, absolutely. So the genius data center is a modular, pre-designed, pre-engineered solution that is ready to roll out. It's already designed out through the detailed design stage. So really you're going into construction drawings and permitting right away. It's built in half megawatt, megawatt sizes. And so it's easy to deploy. It's really for people who are looking at edge or small co-locations. We're finding that the telecom industry is starting to evaluate their needs and how they build their business beyond just fiber layouts. And so they're looking at putting in a small edge data center in their community and addressing the edge needs within their community. Here we are. That's already big news. We're still in January, right? There's a whole year ahead of us. What do you have in store for? So the next thing is we also have developed a green solution, a sustainable solution for the telecom industry. And what it is, is a solar-based with energy storage using lithium-ion batteries and then finally using fuel cell instead of a diesel generator or a reset engine. And so it's a lot more reliable. It's completely green. Hydrogen is your backup solution and it's on-grid, off-grid. So it really helps with areas here in this region where the power is not as reliable or you can't get power to certain locations and you need communications. And so it's a completely green solution that is available for tax credits and can help clients with their goals for sustainability and addressing green. It's so important right now to our industry. Especially right now. Yeah, I think so. Well, this has been really great. Thank you so much for joining us today. I wish you luck with the rest of the show. I know it's got a full week almost still ahead of us. And so good luck with that. For our viewers who want to learn more, where can they go? Yeah, thank you for having me. It's been a pleasure sitting with you. You can find out more about MCFI at MCFI International on the website. You can also go to www.geniusdatacenters.com for more information on our data center solution. And then finally, for our micro grid solution, you can go to microgenius.com. Perfect. Thank you. And thank you so much again for joining us. And thank you viewers for tuning in to JSA TV and JSA Podcasts. Happy networking.