This is stock number 10387. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy duty truck and RAM headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2017 RAM 2500 crew cab short box Laramie Sport. This vehicle has a 6.7 liter Cummins diesel and has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop for the state of Wisconsin guidelines. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and the truck is mechanically 100% ready to go. Pearl white is the color we shoot all of our videos in 1080p, 60 frames per second, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is the best way to check out the vehicle and see the overall quality and condition before actually seeing it in person. If you want to check out more photos of this truck in the upper right hand part of the screen is a link right to our website. Click that. You can check out all the photos there. It comes with the 20 inch painted alloy rims, BF Goodrich All Terrain LT275-65R20 tires with about 60 to 70% of the tread block. Frame and underbody is very clean, you can see it does have a little bit of a leveling lift kit in it. That's what that is right there. Didn't see any dents or dings on that front fender. It has the projector lamp headlamps, the LED running lights, the factory fog lights, the front bumper parking sensors, no dents, no dings, no scuffs, no scrapes on that front bumper very nice and clean. The hood is in excellent condition, I didn't see any dents or dings on that. It does come with the clearance lights up there. Passenger side fenders in excellent condition, no dents or dings on that. You can get the blacked out Ram 2500 and Cummins logo. Passenger side rim, no scuffs or scrapes on there, just a couple of little water spots right off. As you go down this side of the truck, you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the truck, you can still see the truck, hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. You can see it as a cargo cab and to that effect we also offer a Summit Auto FastPass option where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, even see payment quotes in the upper right hand part of your screen. You can also appraise your trade if you have one, all right out our website SummitAuto.com Frame and underbody, very very clean, has all the remaining factory exhaust so it hasn't been messed with in any way, shape or form and that frame and underbody looking really, really good. This back rim is in excellent shape as well, no scuffs or scrapes and the back tires have right around the same tread as the front tires. You can see the frame and underbody looks real good under here, it does have that coil spring rear suspension which actually makes the ride a lot nicer when you don't have a bunch of stuff in the back. Rear bumper, pretty nice condition, backup parking sensors, full towing package which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring, did want to point out one little ding on the rear bumper right there but that's why we take the videos because these are used trucks. They're not going to be perfect but we try to make sure they're as perfect as we can get them. The Blackdale Ram logo, the Blackdale 4x4 logo comes with an access soft tonneau cover that's in really nice condition, I didn't see any rips or tears on that and it also comes with a spraying bed liner. Beds in pretty nice condition and it does have the LED bed lights. Tailgate shuts nice and solidly and as you go down this side of the truck just as clean as that passenger side, no dents or dings on the box and for full disclosure this back rim is in really nice condition as well. Down the rest of the side of the truck, very nice and clean, it does come with the fold out tow mirrors and they also fold in but they are a power fold so you just press the button on the door here and they fold in like so and then they also power fold out. I'll show you that side is working as well.  There are no rips, there are no tears on the seats, you get the Laramie embossed backrest, memory driver seat and lumbar, it has a max liner all weather floor mat in here and that goes all the way across, auto headlamps, power pedals and as we hop inside the truck here you can see that this one has 48,833 miles, instrument cluster is very nice and clean, 7 inch display, outside temperature, compass and range to empty as well as the digital speedometer. You also get a heated leather wrap steering wheel, cruise controls on the right, blue tooth and information center controls on the left, audio controls on the back of the steering wheel comes with the six speed automatic transmission, the 8.4 touch screen radio, AMFM and Sirius XM radio capabilities, you can also do your heated and cooled seat buttons right here as well as your heated steering wheel, you can check out the cargo cam which overlooks your bed of the truck and it also has the backup camera which shows up right there. You'll notice I didn't have to put it in reverse to check those out which is a pretty cool feature as well. You can do your climate control up here as well and if you don't like the climate control up there, the buttons on the radio you can do the ones that are the more tactile buttons, dual climate control, factory brake controller, you have five auxiliary jacks for upfitters, stability control, till hall, factory exhaust brake and you can turn either the front or the rear parking sensors on and off however you like it. Turned out four wheel drive, the other cool thing about this radio is that this is the 3C radio so this one does not have navigation from the factory, however if you wanted navigation you could definitely add it to this truck, to this radio for $595 please see your sales professional for more details we can do it right here at our store so that's pretty cool as well. This one has the Alpine premium sound system as well, 115 volt, 150 watt plug-in, you can see that max liner goes all the way over the center hump and that the passenger seat is in excellent condition as well. Also has the power sunroof and the headliner is in nice condition as well. Map lights, power side and rear window, your home link buttons for garage door security systems and lighting systems and finally you get the 911 and assist buttons in the review mirror which are features of the vehicle that you never have to pay a subscription for. This one has the keyless entry and go system with the factory remote start. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we will check out under the hood. The back seats are just as clean as the front seats, it does have the mode floor which we already have down here which is a really nice feature you can put both sides down if you got pets you can put lay down nice flat on the back here or if you got muddy boots or tools you can put them down and not wreck your nice leather seats. They fold up like so and there is storage underneath those seats as well. The back seats are very nice and clean you do get the latch child safety system for your child car seats, power sliding rear window and like I said no rips or tears. This truck smells very clean it's never been smoked in and the back storage bins in the floor you get two of those with easily removable containers for easy cleaning. You can actually put like ice and drinks in there and it's like you have too many coolers wherever you go. Finally we have the child safety locks on the back doors which is a nice feature if you got kids. We'll take a quick look under the hood I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around. Inside and out under the hood we have the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel and Jim Bay is very clean runs very smooth. This truck has been fully safety and inspected by our shop like I said has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off the truck has been gone through mechanically 100% and is 100% ready to go. To see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SCVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, three quarter tons, one tons you name it we got it go to our website www.summitauto.com Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there in fact in a second you will see links to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left a link to more heavy-duty truck videos like this one on your right if you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those checks out and we really look forward to helping with this super clean 2017 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Short Box Laramie Sport in Pearl White. Thanks again.


And it should begin. Awesome. I'm just going to shut the doors. Hopefully Trig is a little more familiar, a little more ingrained in your memory. Thank you, sir. Little comment, I'm not allowed to use people's names for anything I post online.  I just find I've got to be able to talk, except for my young friend Zanzibar back there who wants to be addressed that way for internet posterity. We're good with it. All right. Trig, what did we start out with? Well, the first thing that we started out with was rotation and reference angles. I'm going to try and flip between typing and handwriting because my handwriting is atrocious. I'm slowly trying to master moving from both worlds, Johnny, to see if I can pull it off. So let's see how this works. We would ask you, for example, stuff like this. Kind, sir, could you hand out the test booklets? Because we're going to be probably doing some of the Trig questions from there, too. I forgot to hand them out. Example, find a reference. You know what? Can't type that one because I don't know how to do a pie in this. For example, stuff like this, example one. Find the reference angle for negative 8 pi by 3. Find a reference angle for that. So we introduced very quickly to you the union of graphing and Trig with that unit circle idea. An awful lot of the time, we would do a little sketch. Now, I always teach my kids to keep my memory, to keep my math as easy as possible. I always found the common denominator, and I'll show you what I mean. Most of my students would have said, OK, that's pi, and that's 2 pi. No, they wouldn't have. I never teach my kids that. I start out that way. But then, Johnny, I say this, what is my denominator, Zanzibar? You know what? Instead of pi, I'll call that 3-thirds pi. Isn't that still pi? And I'll call this 6-thirds. Isn't that still 2 pi? It cuts down on my thinking a lot, because now negative 8 pi, hey, there's negative 3. There's negative 6. How much further do I have to go? 2-thirds, negative 2-thirds. You know what? It's going to be right about there, ish. Now, I've got the quadrant. What quadrant am I in? Quadrant 3, what's my reference angle? Remember, reference angles were always measured to the positive x-axis. So my reference angle is going to be positive. Yeah, pi over 3. That's a good multiple-choice question. Can you see OK? That's a good multiple-choice kind of a question. We would have probably pi over 3, negative pi over 3, 2 pi over 3, and negative 2 pi over 3. Those would be your four answers to pick from, probably something like that. We also talked about coterminal angles. Can you give me the smallest positive coterminal angle? So example 2, what is the smallest positive coterminal angle for the above question? Doesn't like the word coterminal? Fine. Now you're happy? No, apparently not. Doesn't know math. Oh, well, coterminal. I'm calling it that. What were coterminal angles? Those were angles that had the same terminal arm. What is the smallest positive coterminal angle? That one. How big exactly? 4 pi by 3. Do you remember the fancy word they used for the smallest positive coterminal angle? It's also the person in charge of a school. The principal angle spelled differently. But the principal angle is the smallest positive coterminal angle. So that was coterminal angles, reference angles. We also did a quick review of sine, cosine, and tangent. And we introduced to you the reciprocal trig functions, secant, cosecant, and cotangent. Tangent goes with cotangent. That's easy to remember. What does cosecant go with? Sine. What was the way to remember? Cos never went together. Then we moved on to what we called the cast rule. And let's look at a few questions. If you could open your little test booklets to page 20, please, page 20. And the first one we're going to look at is, I can close this, number nine. Too far. So it's probably page 21. You got a little booklet? Page 20? You can share, right? Don't write on these. Don't write on these. Don't write on these, please, because I don't have extras. All right. In which quadrant is the terminal arm of an angle 8 pi by 5 radians? Well, the nice thing is, the answer is either 1, 2, 3, or 4. What would you do? Quick sketch. Oh, wait a minute. I can cheat and use my technology. Lovely. Johnny, what's my denominator? So I'm going to call this 5 pi by 5, 10 pi by 5, 8 pi by 5. Is it here or is it here? How can I figure that? Well, split the difference. How far between here and here, Johnny? How far, how many fives between here and here? How many pi by fives? If I kind of eyeball 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, I think that's roughly dividing it into fifths in my head. I'm pretty sure it looks like 1, 2, 3. I think 8 is 3 fifths further. Sorry? Question? We're good. I'm pretty sure it's in quadrant 4. By the way, what can you tell me about quadrant 4? Which trig function or functions is positive in quadrant 4? Cosine and? What does cosine go with? Secant, right? Don't forget that. Let's be pretty clear. The odds are pretty good. They're going to give you a reciprocal trig function as the hint in terms of what quadrant you're in. They're probably not going to give you, oh, where is cosine and positive? Too easy. That's just writing down the cast rule and regurgitating the answer. They're going to say, hey, where is secant positive? Or where is cosecant negative? Or something to that effect. Let's look at number 10 real quick, turning the page. So which pair of angles is coterminal with that bad boy? You know what I would do. By the way, I don't mind you not writing anything down and printing this up, but you probably might want to have a scrap piece of paper to try somebody's on, right? I'd be sketching this right now. I'll do that. You know what? That's 9 ninths. So 11 ninths looks like it's 2 ninths further. And that would be 18 ninths as well as 0. Let's see. 29 ninths, 18, 27, 28, 29. Ooh. I like that guy. 7 ninths, nope. Negative 7 ninths, nope. Oh, you know what? I'm quitting. Oh, I would have also crossed that one out right away. Anyways, I got the right answer.  I'm confident enough, and I know that the provincial exam is a bit of a sprint. I'm confident enough that I'll say, I'm not going to try C and D. I know I'm right. And if you're a C student, maybe you want to try out more of them. If you're an A student, you'll be able to find the right answer pretty quick. Sorry, I'm just getting familiar with some of these. Yuck, yuck, yuck, yuck, yuck. Oh, we can certainly do number 12 with the cast rule. So number 12 says, which of the following is true if secant is negative and tangent is also negative? Now we really do need to write out the cast rule. C, A, S, T. Let's do the easy one first. Where is tangent negative here and here? Yeah. Where is secant negative? No idea. Oh, but what does secant go with? Coast. Oh, this is really saying, where is cosine negative? Where is cosine negative? Here and here. Where's the overlap? What quadrant am I in? Quadrant 2? Now that's not what they're asking. They want to know the domain of what the angle could be. A, B, C, or D? What is it? Zanzibar? B. Very good. So that was the cast rule. Have I got any more on the cast rule really quickly? Let me look. Then we looked at applications. We defined sine, cosine, and tangent, but now we define them in terms of a graph. I think we did it when we did the cast rule. We said that sine theta, in terms of the graph, was what over what? No longer just opposite over hypotenuse. Y over R. Cosine theta was what over what? X over R. And tangent theta was what over what? You've got to have these memorized to the point where they're really on the tip of your tongue. I don't freak out if you don't have secant, cosecant, and cotangent memorized instantly. In fact, I don't have them memorized. I'd still derive them every time. So if somebody said to me, hey, duic, what's cotangent? I don't know. I still go to tangent, and I say, well, tangent is Y over X. Oh, what's cotangent? X over Y. What is secant R over X? And what's cosecant R over Y? We can use that. So what kind of questions do they love to throw at you? Oh, stuff like, well, certainly number 13. We're not going to do it. But it says, determine the ratio for cosine if sine theta equals J over K and cotangent theta equals negative H over J. Well, OK, let's do that one. 13. It was a little more to that one than I thought. What you want to remember is, especially on the multiple choice section, if they ever give you a trig function as a fraction, or as a whole number, because if it's a whole number, what's it automatically over? One, that is a fraction. They're giving you X and Y and R, two of them, always. In this case, sine, sine is what over what? I think they've told me that Y equals J, and that R equals K. Not only that, apparently, Y is positive. Cotangent is what over what? So I think they just told me that X equals H. No, no, no, they told me a little bit more than that. What else do I actually know? Negative H, because that negative had to come from somewhere, and by reasoning, it didn't come from there. Now I can answer the question, which trig function did they want me to find? Cos theta, which is X over R, negative H over K, the answer is B. Nice question. 14, another classic example, I think. 14. Now when I first read 14, no, I'm not going to panic. I'm OK, I can handle this. Says, in standard position, the terminal arm of angle A passes through negative 2K comma negative 5K. Oh, and by the way, K is positive. Find the exact values of cosecant and tangent. You know what? I think what they're actually telling me is X and Y. Tangent I can get right now. Tangent is what over what? Y over X, negative 5K over negative 2K. What does that simplify to? What's a negative divided by a negative? Positive. Can I cancel the Ks? You know what? That's wrong, and that's wrong. I've just turned this into a true and false guessing question, if nothing else, because now I've only got two to pick from. Cosecant is what over what? I don't know. Cosecant goes with which trig function? Sine is what over what? Y over R. Cosecant's going to be R over Y. Got it. I'm going to write that down. Cosecant A is R over Y. And that's what they want me to find. I know Y. What's Y? What's R? Do you remember? Johnny.   Now this looks scary also, because there's no case. I'm not going to panic. Maybe the case cancels. I'm not going to freak out. Let's see. This is going to be the square root of negative 2K squared plus negative 5K squared. What's negative 2 squared? I get 4K squared, because K squared is K squared. Plus what's negative 5, 25, and what's K squared? I get this, square root of 29K squared. I don't see any case. What did they do? I'm not going to panic. What did they do? Sorry. I think they wrote R as the square root of K squared, the square root of 29. Yeah. By the way, what is the square root of K squared? They did math 10. Remember simplifying roots in math 10? Except they did it with variables. OK, no big whoop. It's K root 29, and now I can do the entire trig function. That's R. That's Y. Cosy cant theta, or A, is going to be K root 29 all over negative 5K. K's cancel, because it is factored. And I get negative, because it's positive divided by negative, root 29 over 5. Nice little question. So I get that there. By the way, do you realize I didn't have to do any of that? I could have stopped right here. Here's how come. If this is negative and this is negative, what quadrant do I have to be in if my x-coordinate and my y-coordinate are negative? Sorry, say. Oh, if I'm in that quadrant there, is cosy cant positive or negative in that quadrant there? Negative? Oh, I could have just jumped right to that, because I knew it was one of these two. I could have skipped all that finding R. But I wanted to walk through it with you, because they might not give you one that has that flaw. To me, this is a flawed question. I'd phrase it differently. Did any of you notice that, by the way, that you didn't have to do all that? Cast rule and applications. Um, no, no, no, no, no, no. That's graphing. That's graphing. That comes later. OK. Then we looked at special triangles and exact values. We also looked at radians. I forgot to actually include that as a separate topic, because remember, we did degrees for two lessons, and then we ditched it permanently. So I hardly even remember doing degrees in math 12. It was radians, radians, radians, radians, and I should mention that, because I can tell you all one question you're going to have on your mock exam right now. Oh, and one question you're going to have on your provincial exam right now. In fact, one question you're going to have on every one of your mock exams. It's going to be, there's two multiple choice questions that appear every year. One is in logarithms, and it says write the following as a logarithm, or if I write the following as an exponent, that's on every year. And the other one is go from radians to degrees or degrees to radians. So just to jog your memory, I think, number one, let me go check. Ah, there you go. Number one, express four pi by nine radians in degrees. Shows up every year, often shows up at well. It used to always be number one. Now that they've gone to a non-calculator section, sometimes they'll put this on the non-calc section if it works out really, really, really, really nice. Or sometimes if they want you to go with decimals, you put it on the calculator section. Cliff, is there anybody here who would glance at this and know it's 80 degrees right now? Because it is. My kids in their prime could, let me show you the shortcut now. Here's what I drum into my brain. Pi radians is the same as how many degrees? Pi radians is the same as how many degrees? 180. This is dividing those pi radians into nines. What's one ninth of 180? In other words, what's 18 divided by nine? 20, 180 divided by 20. Do you know how many 20s they want? That's how I got the 80 degrees zzap in my head. You can do that if they have nice denominators. If you notice that this bottom number goes into 18, you can often just do it in your head. Now you don't have to, but if you want to be the uber nerd like me and when you grew up, there's how you can. Otherwise, if you need the conversion factor, here's what we said. You would go four pi by nine. And although normally we don't write units for radians, I'll just write it in this so you can see what we're doing. We're gonna multiply by one by a funny looking one. I want the radians to cancel. I want degrees to end up on top. So I guess here is where I have to put the 180 and here's where I have to put the pi. Can you see, Johnny, it's gonna be four times pi times 180 divided by nine, divided by pi. Ooh, as a matter of fact, for what it's worth, not only do the radians cancel, hey, the pi's cancel. And now you might actually say, oh, 180 divided by nine, 18 divided by nine is two, 180 divided by nine, hey, that's 20. Can you see the 80 coming out at you? Oh, units, degrees. You can also go from degrees to radians. That one you're all pretty good at because you've done that common denominator trick when you're sketching your circle quite often. I don't know if you thought about it, but that's also what I was kind of sneaking in there. Every once in a while, they will go with decimals and you have to use your calculator. For example, they may say something like this. Write 2.67 radians in degrees or 117 degrees into radians. Well, again, you would go 2.67 times. I want the radians to cancel. I want the degrees to be left behind. I guess the 180 has to go on top. The pi has to go down there. The radians cancel. Thanks for coming. So I'll throw this online. Now I would go straight to my calculator. I would go 2.67 times 180 divided by pi. This would be a multiple choice decimal kind of a question. 2.67 times 180 divided by pi. 153 degrees almost bang on. I'd like to think that I was doing that math in my head, but I'm not that good. By the way, what unit are we doing right now? Trig, are any of you in physics 12? Time to put your calculator in radians, right? Let's do that before we forget. Those of you in physics 12 and in math 12, during your mocks and during your actual provincials, please first thing, check to make sure your calculator is in the right mode. I had a student a couple of years ago. I can't use his name online. I'll just say Johnny. And with about 10 minutes left in my physics mock, he was working and all of a sudden you just heard this. It's the sound that I would imagine a dying cow would make as it was being run over by a tractor. Mm-hmm. Literally, we've been going for about an hour and 45 minutes. There was about 15 minutes left. And I just smiled and said, folks, just make sure your calculator is in degrees, not in radians, otherwise you'll be getting all the wrong answers in physics. And I didn't even have to look. I knew exactly what that moan was because it was just this anguished soul going, this is why I've been getting all these weird answers and couldn't find any of my answers on the multiple choice. Oh, I just want to say his name for posterity. My students know who it is, but I can't put it online. Here we go. Exact values. We said there was two special triangles that you had to memorize. So we had two special triangles. I think Mr. Kamosi writes his vertically, I write mine horizontally because I'm a lefty and just, I don't know. By the way, there's technically three triangles, but two of them are the same, so I just memorized two. We had the one, one, root two where each of these angles was how big? 45, that's degrees, that's blasphemy. Get the behind me, sorry. Pi by four, pi by four. This allowed us to find that the sign and the cosine of pi by four were both one over root two and the tangent of pi by four was one over one. Then we had a second one, sorry Mr. Kamosi, but I always draw mine like this and I yelled at my students, I said draw elongated, here's what drives me crazy. Every year I see some kid who draws that triangle like this and then they can't tell which is the smaller angle and which is the bigger angle. If you exaggerate it, first of all it's one, two, root three, but here's why I exaggerate it. It's pretty obvious which is 60 degrees and which is 30 degrees. Which one's bigger, the top one or the bottom one? Now I apologize for swearing, I just said degrees, let's go to radians. 60 degrees is what fraction of 180? You know what, pi by three, pi by six. I marked a question, a written question, a couple of times in a row at the provincials and it was amazing how many kids could do the whole question but they drew a small triangle and labeled it wrong. It just drove me crazy. I was yelling at their teacher at the paper, why are you just showing me stretch it out and it takes care of itself, it's a simple fix. Right, then you'll never get it wrong. I mean unless you can't clue in that those are bigger than each other but then you got other issues. Fingers am I holding up, you don't three, right? Once you had that then, I could ask for the exact values for certain trig functions and that was your trigger phrase. Your trigger phrase was either special triangles or give your answer as an exact value. Now, I fibbed a little bit. That meant your answer was either from a special triangle or your answer was from an angle right there, right there, right there or right there. Your answer was from an angle of pi by two, pi, three pi by two or two pi or the negative variations. These ones we usually got, well you could either get it with the unit circle or by doing a quick sketch of the graph. Anything else we got? Anything else we got from special triangles? For example, give the exact value four, cosecant of five pi by three. What we did is the very first thing and probably you do this instinctively, you're all pretty good, we actually said do I know the angle or am I being asked to find the angle? So being asked to find the angle that was doing everything in reverse, we had to try and figure out what quadrant we were in, try and figure out the reference angle and then work our way to what theta one and theta two were. Here, I'm pretty sure they gave me the angle. I'm just trying to get the trig ratio. So this was a little easier. I still started out by going hey, five pi by three. Well, there's three pi by three. Five pi by three, okay, there's four pi by three. I think five pi by three is probably right about there. Again, I divided that bottom roughly into thirds. What quadrant am I in? Quadrant number four, C, A, S, T. Cosecant goes with which trig function is signed positive or negative in that quadrant. And again, if this is a multiple choice question, you probably just got rid of half your wrong answers and turned it into a true-false question. What's my reference angle? Pi by three, have I memorized a triangle that has a pi by three in it? I have? I would sketch it now. I know I have it right above me, but just in case this is a brand new question, I would quickly go, okay, sketch it, do it, yells at me, says do it nice, elongated one, two, root three. Which angle is pi by three, bottom or top? Top one. Cosecant goes with which trig function? Sine, sine was what over what now in terms of soca-toa. Opposite over hypotenuse, so cosecant is gonna be hypotenuse two over opposite root three. If this was a multiple choice question, Johnny, I can even tell you what four answers you would have. Positive two over root three, negative two over root three, positive one half and negative one half. I'll probably use the pi by six, pi by six, in case they got that one. More than likely. So let's look at a few from this little practice test. What can they throw at you here? I don't know. Oh, well, number two says find the exact value for cosecant to four pi by three. That's really similar to the exact value for cosecant to five pi by three, but I bet you it's just negative, positive or the same. Four pi by three would be in this quadrant here. Is cosecant negative or positive in this quadrant here? You know what, same answer. So I'm gonna unfortunately skip that because I didn't realize, oops, oh, Jim. Yeah. Special triangles, special triangles. Lovely written section. Nah, nah, nah, nah. We're gonna come back to it anyways when we do solving tricky equations. Arc length. Sorry, Johnny. AR theta, unfortunately that's not an equation. That's three letters, not separated by an equal sign anywhere. Yeah, again, this is Mr. Dewick's humble little contribution to the teaching of mathematics in grade 12. Mr. Dewick says that the arc length formula looks like the word arc. If you're looking for a dumb way to remember it, that works for me. Someone else came up with something else, but I can't remember. Sorry, Johnny, what? Okay. Oh, yeah, only one thing you have to, okay. First of all, A stands for arc length, R stands for radius. The only thing you have to remember is theta has to be very, very specific. Has to be in radians. What are the odds of them giving it to you in radians on the provincial, do you think? Pretty slim. They're gonna give it to you in degrees just because it gives them more wrong answers to make up on the multiple choice section. That's a terrible way to be testing, but sometimes you just gotta do what you gotta do. So, I think, number 11, yeah, there we go. 150 centimeter pendulum swings through an arc which measures 100 pi centimeters in exact radians through what angle does it swing. Now, if they really, really want it to be nasty as an extra step, they might carefully pick an answer and then they might say, give the exact sine value of that if they made sure that one of your answers was one of your special triangle angles or trying to think of weird ways that they could extend the arc length formula. Let's do this one first of all. I would say, hey, Newick says it looks like the word arc. What are they asking me to find? The arc length, the radius, or the angle? Angle, theta? Oh, okay. Theta equals A over R. Arc length, 100 pi over radius.  You know what a pendulum is? So a pendulum like a swing. Oh, let's simplify this, by the way. What is 100, sorry, 10, well, 100 over 150. Two pi over three. Would that be a fair angle for them to also then, as just an extra added, say, find the cosecant as an exact value? Is pi over three one of our special triangle angles? Now, I know this is two pi over three, but I think if we sketch it, we'd find the reference angle. I'm trying to think, how else would they add one extra step to this? Also thinking that might be a nice one to add to one of our mocks for next year. Now that I think about it, note to self, include arc length and exact value in one question. Ooh, I like, I like. I think there's another arc length question, if you go to number 21. They can ask you arc length on the non-calc section, and remember, your provincial and your practice exams will have non-calculator sections and then calculator sections. I think I said this last time, I'll say it again on Monday after school, next week, which is when your first mock is, when you finish the non-calc section, check your answers, check your answers, check your answers. You'll have 45 minutes, and really it should only take you about 35 minutes, so you'll have about 10 minutes to check your answers, but then don't just sit there, go do the trig identity at the end, because you don't need a calculator for that anyways, and then do the transformations questions, because you don't need a calculator for those anyways. Then if you still are ahead of the curve, in other words, if Mr. Comozzi and myself still haven't said, hey, turn in part one, pick up your calculators, then start the multiple choice, we'll usually try and set it up so that out of the first eight or nine multiple choice on the calculator section, you probably do five of them without a calculator. Certainly a lot of the transformations stuff, okay? You would have figured that out probably, but I've just learned never to assume. Oh, let's look at number 21. It says the circle below has, with center O has a radius of 30 meters, find the arc length. Oh, what's wrong with this picture? Degree, yeah, okay, no problem. A equals R theta, radius is 30, be really careful if they're sneaky and stick a diameter in. By the way, I think 15 degrees is gonna be pi by 12, I think 180 divided by 15 is 12, but anyways, just in case we would go 15 degrees times, this time we want the degrees to cancel, so we want the 180 down there and we want the pi up there. It looks like it's gonna be 30 times 15 times pi divided by 180, right? I'm wrong, where am I wrong? Sorry, A equals R theta, isn't that the angle in radians, 15 degrees? Mr. Deweyck, I'm the one that's daydreaming. Hey, how big is this angle right here? 15, because it's a circle, radius, isosceles. All right, how big is that angle right there, boys and girls? Let's try that again with 150 right there. This is why Mr. Kamosi is along for the ride. I do these little brain mistakes once in a while. Is that correct now, 150? This was 30 times 150 times pi divided by, what is it, sorry? Johnny, what? 78 point, and they said to two decimal places, five, four, did you round off properly? They usually won't be fussy for units, but I'm never quite sure. It may just be you have a table that decides they're gonna be insistent, so let's put the units on meters. No arc length, yeah, meters. What are the units for radians, by the way? Nothing, or you can write the word rad, but the old school teachers will say radians or a unitless measure, because they're a ratio. The units on top of the units on the bottom of the fraction are the same, and so they would cancel, fine, arc length. No, it's just every time some old school teacher is gonna say technically it is, but they're not gonna mark it wrong and prove it. Don't ask me, there are better things as far as I'm concerned to get uptight over than that one. Then we went into graphing trig functions. Grapping trig functions. You need to know the big three graphs. So you need to know, okay, that totally didn't work. Let's try that again, hold the shift key down. You need to know what y equals sine theta looks like. First of all, we talked about amplitude, vertical displacement, phase shift, and period. Now on your test, we asked you to graph a trig function, Johnny. We're not going to ask you to graph a trig function on the provincial, but we will probably give you a graph of one and say, hey, what's the equation? Or we'll ask you all sorts of stuff. First of all, what's the amplitude for sine and for cosine? One, what's the period for sine and for cosine? Two pi. What's the domain for sine and for cosine? All reals. What's the range for sine and for cosine? Negative one, less than or equal to one. What about for tangent?   We have one of my cousins, he's the black sheep. Marvin in and out of jail, shows up on his Harley sometimes. When I was younger, I thought he was pretty cool. Now I go, you're 45, and every two years, you move back in with your parents for a month. Anyways, the ugly cousin. Most families have one.  Doesn't fit in, doesn't follow the rules. So if I was graphing y equals sine theta, I think the graph looks like this, except I should probably be a little more symmetrical.  But here's what I do know. What value is that right there? Two pi. And now everything else falls into place. What value is that right there? Pi. What value is that right there? Pi by two. What value is that right there? Three pi by two. And how high, how low? One and negative one. What about cosine? Cosine, take this graph and just move it right to there. In fact, it was a phase shift of sine as it turned out. What about tangent? Man, weirder, little yuckier. You'll notice sine and cosine, I usually just graph to the right, because that's the way I think of it. Tangent, I usually graph kinda halfway left, halfway right.  Here's what I know about tangent. I have memorized that it goes through zero, zero. I know where it's undefined. I can't take the tangent of, I'm gonna swear, sorry, 90 degrees. Ah, how many radians? I know just from my grade nine trig when I was a nerd, I would play on my calculator, tan 90, error. Tan 89, big number, try tan 89.9990.  Don't need to try that now, Zanzibar. But trust me, there is going to be, what did you say it was? Pi by two, undefined. You know where else it's undefined? The other direction, negative pi by two. This is how I've memorized it. And then I remember that tangent looks like this. There's my one curve, goes through zero, zero, looks like that. I can figure out whatever else I need, because now it repeats. But if you'll notice very, very carefully, how long is the period, how long is one wave, not two pi? Pi, see it? Half pi that way, half pi that way, that's a whole piece of pi. It's undefined at pi over two, and it looks like every pi past that. So three pi over two, five pi over two, and seven pi over two, oh, and negative pi over two. I can get my domain and range or whatever else I need to. The only other points they'll sometimes ask about is this little guy right here. Or this little guy right here, because that's a special triangle. Did we not have a triangle with a pi over four in it? Which triangle was that? One, one, root two, what was the tangent of the one, one, root two? They might just want you to notice, by the way, that's gonna be one high. And that's gonna be negative one high. That's really how I memorize and remember tangent. Almost everything else I derive using my transformations stuff. So let's see what they can ask us. Oops, I'm going the wrong way. Jeez, I'm a little bit puddle there. Number three on page 20, on page 20. Number three on page 20. Find the minimum value of that. First thing I ask is, which trig function are they talking about? Sign, cosine, or tangent? Sign. Normally, sign goes one down and one up. How is this graph been mucked around? What's my vertical displacement, Johnny? So it's been moved three down, right there. And then what's my amplitude, Johnny? Five, so from three down, from there, from negative three, go five down, five up. So if I visualize this, one, two, from negative three, go five down, five up.  Negative, by the way, what's the highest this graph gets? Positive two, I think? What's the range? Negative eight less than or equal to y, less than or equal to two. Just trying to think of what variations they could do with this. Anyhow, maximum, oh, they want maximum value? Two. Minimum value, negative eight. What if they asked me to graph this?  I got you there. You know why? This is screaming at me as soon as I see this. My students, why is this screaming at me? What don't I like about this? Yeah, it's not factored. They're trying to make me think that this is a phase shift of pi by two to the left and it's not. I would need to rewrite this little middle section here, pull out the two. I'll have an x, I'll have a plus. Yeah, it's a phase shift of pi over four to the left. That'd be a great question, by the way. What's the phase shift, okay? Got you to jump there? Good, now you remember. My kids, it's just, they're just, let me into it now. Did you jump? Yeah. They have the emotional scab there. Nothing will scare them. Which someday when they're a dark alley and a mugger jumps out at them and they just kind of have to think about it for a while and say, oh, I guess that's not to do it scaring me. I'll probably have actually endangered their lives but that's okay. It's still kind of fun. You understand, my students, I've permanently damaged your fight or flight response, right? It's a little Pavlovian conditioning. Number four. Which value for D would result in the graph of y equals four, cosine two x plus D having no x intercepts? C, convince me. We want no x intercepts. Now, Johnny here said four. Johnny, I think that would do this. It would move everything four up but your amplitude would be four. I think that would be a graph that would go, nyu, touch double root right nyu, touch double root. I think you'd have not double roots because these aren't polynomials but I think you'd touch right there. You would have x intercepts there. I think four isn't quite enough. You know how high I'd have to move it? Fine. Yeah, but you didn't know a lot of things. You know everything? Do you? As soon as you said that, I saw you, oh geez, Duke's gonna throw something at me. I better take that one right back. He's gonna come up with something from left field. This is for posterity. Okay. Now, these three graphs, the sine, the cosine, the tangent graph, also allowed us to do exact values for when my graph was right on, when my angle was right on one of the four axes. Screencast the trig lesson. That means I gotta press pause soon. I'm gonna sleep for another 10 minutes and then we'll keep going. No problem. If you need to go, that's fine. Just put the back in there. I figure I got another 45 minutes, but yeah. By the way, I'll let you know what the upcoming topics are and if you're good on them, you can certainly say I'm fine. I'm gonna be doing quadratic equations just after this, word problems, and then I'll do identities last because I think most of my kids found identities okay. Number five. What's the exact value of the cotangent of pi? No idea. I don't even know cotangent. Ooh, what does cotangent go with? Sorry? Tangent. So you know what? I would do a sketch. I would do a sketch of tangent. Oh, tangent goes through zero, zero. At pi over two, there's an asymptote. And at negative pi over two, there's an asymptote. Thank you. Then it repeats itself. So pi over two, there's zero. There's pi. There's three pi over two. There's an asymptote. Okay, it would look like this. Johnny, you said undefined right away. Did you? No, you didn't. Take a look. How high is tangent at pi? Do you see I was able to derive that just by memorizing this one? So if tangent is zero, what will cotangent, the reciprocal be? What happens to reciprocals that are zero high? What do we have right there? Asymptote, so undefined. Ooh, nice. Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. Number seven. The range of this function is negative k less than or equal to y, less than or equal to 2k, where k is positive. Find the values. Make this a little smaller, apparently. Little spit, there we go. Find the values of a and d. Oh, I have no idea how to do this. I'm not gonna freak out, though. Gotta try something, and I've done enough work to know it. Probably I can figure this out. You know, why don't I write the range of this and then just kind of see if I can match? What's my vertical displacement here, Johnny? D. What's my amplitude?  Does that make sense? So if I match that there and that there, I think I have this. d minus a equals negative k, and d plus a equals 2k. Let's just try getting the d by itself here. And maybe if I stick it into there, I might be able to get an expression for d. Good old grade 11 substitution. Plus the a over, right? So what's d the same as? Wherever I see a d, what can I write instead? Okay. Negative k plus a plus a equals 2k. It looks like I can simplify this into negative k plus 2a equals 2k. And if I plus this k to this side, I get 2a equals 3k. It looks like a equals 3k over two. That's wrong, that's wrong. Oh, by the way, I'm already leaning towards this one because I doubt they'd both be 3k over two. I think that'd be a tremendous fluke, but let's prove it. Let's do the same thing, but this time, I'm gonna get the a by itself over here and plug it into there. If I get the a by itself, I'll have a equals 2k minus d and plug that into there. I'll get d minus bracket 2k minus d equals negative k. Ooh, I could be wrong. I see there might be a three popping out of here after all. I would go chunk, chunk, d minus 2k plus d equals negative k. Looks like I get 2d equals plus that over to that side. Ooh, positive k, I stand corrected. I'm not getting a three out of here. I get d equals k over two, which I kind of figured was the right answer. The answer is c. Is that okay? Coming back to you. I'm gonna press stop right now and I'm gonna start the video again.


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Good afternoon. Welcome to coronavirus and our mental health. Today is September 14th, 2022 and I'm Ken Burtness and I'm coming to you from Haleiva on the North Shore. Today we have a very special program for you that I think you'll enjoy a lot, and that is the joy of writing. And that will be a lot of fun but first I'm going to give you a little update on the coronavirus. Mostly good news but of course there's always some bad news to go with that but the good news looks very good if we take a look at the average number of new cases per day. We're now at about 160 which is down from two weeks ago show two weeks ago we were up about 300 and way down from our big numbers that we had at the beginning of the year so well not to our lows our lows ran about 50 cases per day, and that was in March so we haven't reached there but we've been steadily going down so that's good news for us in Hawaii. The other good news for everybody in the US is that we've got new weapon to fight the coronavirus. And that is a bivariant vaccine and booster shot. And it's coming to us from both Fister and from Moderna. And they're all set to go with that. The FDA came out with it. We talked about it last two weeks ago at our last show, and then the CDC followed that up by showing the where we can give it out to and when we can give it out to the timing and everything the guidelines. So we're all set to go. And everybody has a lot of, you know, shots ready to go so it's no work, no worry about the quantity. Our worry is about the distribution. And here's what's been happening. And you've seen it around you in that compared to the first year compared to 2020. And especially when we had that big spike this past holiday thing. We've been doing a lot better. And as I mentioned two weeks ago, the virus is sort of like an offense when we're if we're playing sports and we're on defense and defense is always behind offense well with these new boosters and vaccines. We've got a much stronger defense, because it's a bivariant shot, which means that it has all the good qualities of the shots that we've been taking, which were modified and, you know, done for the original for the original coronavirus. Plus it's got a, you know, working against the bivariant. The variants of Omicron, and those can, those mean be a four and be a five. And we haven't had that before so now we've got a new weapon against them. The problem and the downside of this is because we've been doing so well, not so much in number of cases but we've been steadily reducing the number of people who are going into the emergency room at the number of people who are dying. Because of that, we've relaxed our other weapons against the coronavirus. We've done away with a lot of our mask requirements with our requirements for quarantine with requirements for social distancing. And those are really pretty effective. That was one of the things that caused us to keep going down well. You know, we're much more relaxed in those. The other thing is our funding has gone down. Because when the federal government looks at it, it says, well, we're looking good. I mean the cases are still up. The new cases are still up, but it's not as deadly as the other cases. It's just highly infection is it has an infection rate that's much higher than normal. So, you know, that's okay, we can deal with that. So a lot of funding has been reduced. Which means that the number of places and the number of staff that can hand out these shots have been reduced. Now here's the good news though, I went to the Department of Hawaii Department of Health this morning and from their website. It's clear that we seem to have a good amount of shots available enough to cover anybody who wants the shots are who needs the shots. So we seem to be in a much better position than some of the other states in the United States. So that's a good thing but it's something that we've got to really be, you know, keep in our scope, because the coronavirus is not going away. We're still going to have lots of cases coming up and some of those cases are long COVID cases, and that can be really serious and really debilitating. So we just have to be really careful and keep our defense going. We're not ready to become an endemic yet we're still in a pandemic. Now let me get to the good part, the really good part and that is what I've been talking about is our medical defense against the coronavirus. The video is focusing on our mental health defense against coronavirus. So what we've been doing in the last couple of months is we've been focusing on positivity, because coronavirus and the other dark clouds in our sky, including climate change which is a big one. The war in Ukraine, the mass shootings that where we're going under. It's very easy to get mired in negativity to be depressed to be anxious. We're looking at positivity, and we're looking at things that bring joy and today, we're going to talk about the joy of writing and to do that with me and to help me out is Penny Smith, who was a good friend of mine and an author, and welcome to the program Penny. Well thanks so much can it's always so much fun to talk with other storytellers about good storytelling. Yeah, and Penny and I have been telling stories for a long time together because we're both regular members of the windward community college writing retreat and we've been there, and knowing each other for a number of years. The thing is pennies way ahead of me and that she's recently had books published, which I'm far away from. So she said a two books published one in 2020 and one in 2021. The one that you're seeing now is Sunset West and that was just done last year. So pennies not only got the joy of writing but he's got she's got the joy of distributing her writing to other people. So, that's a good place to start penny maybe you could tell us a little bit about your new books. Oh, thanks. The pandemic was one of the things that allowed me to really delve into them and to start to write them. But when you talk about the joy of writing for me, just connecting with people I haven't connected with in a long time because I have something to talk about I have something to share has been just great. I mean, I reconnected with lots and lots of friends over the last couple of years that you know I didn't have any particular reason before but the first book. The Last Leg Woman kind of recounts the experiences I had as a young writer many, many years ago when I covered the entertainment industry. First of all as the leg woman for a very famous gossip columnist and then went on to my own by lines and whatnot I spent about 12 years doing that the last five of them with the New York Times special features syndicate. And that was our whole world was chasing around what was going on in Hollywood and you don't talk a lot about it when you become an adult far away from it because people think you're dropping names or being arrogant. So I just got to thinking about well it would be a lot of fun to be able to go back to some of those experiences and use them as just incentives kind of inspirations. And I love mystery stories, I read a lot of them so I started writing the first one. And that's how they came about. And it's been just a lot of fun for me and tremendous. I guess you would say motivation to just keep writing. That's terrific. Well you came out with one in 2020 and 2021 and we, is there another one coming out this year in 2022. Of course, it's now at the proof readers, we've been through the beta readers which means those are the folks that read the original manuscript that you trust that kind of represent your marketplace and come back and say, you know, this just doesn't work. As one of mine used to say to me, you buried the lead, you got a chapter that's going nowhere. I'm guessing this is going to be a big series then that probably this year is not going to be the last that we get to look forward to 2023.  So consequently her readers started to add up the number of years that she's been writing and she said their character would be about 70 years old. But she's frozen her entire 30s. I started mine out really advancing her age. So consequently, at some point, you have to stop because she's just going to be a little too old to be doing what she's doing. But the nice thing is that one of the recent books we had for one of my book clubs was the Thursday murder club. The main characters the heroines and heroes were in their late 70s and early 80s so they were still going strong and still brilliant in that book so I think that you can keep your characters going strong and bring it as you go along. We certainly hope so. Maybe we could talk more about the writing because I know a lot of people.  And maybe we could talk a little bit about how this all falls together how the, you know, the characters, you know how you, you know the characters take shape the plot takes shape. The place you know the setting takes place and how that all affects it. And how do you keep them all straight and bring them all together for a novel. Well, you know, that's really interesting. David mammoth who is, you know, very well known novelist and also screenwriter. I heard him recently describe this process when you're talking about bringing them all together. He said there are, there are writers who are farmers and there are writers who are gardeners. The farmers plan it all out just, you know, like the crops, we know we have seasons we know, and they have it all scheduled out with budget and the whole thing. The gardeners say, gee, I got this idea for a really pretty garden with lots of pretty colors. And, but I guess I'm seeing so let's just plan them and see what happens. And that's kind of how people like, I'm a gardener, but a lot of people are not. And I guess it depends on how you yourself kind of organize your own thoughts about that. I started out with just a concept. I worked for a very powerful, very omnipresent woman. And I always wondered when I worked for her, what would happen if she died or she went away.  What would happen if she wasn't there all of a sudden? Where would these people go? I was one of those people. So when I started writing this book, 27, 30, some years later, that was my premise. The big dude died. And what happened to the little dude? And then where did it go from there? That was my premise. But then again, you know, I'm helping a friend, a colleague who's really writing a memoir about a really exotic time in her life where she lived in a lot of exotic places, but for an interesting reason. And her whole point was really to describe the wonderful places she lived. She follows because she has a natural chronology of when she was at these places. And this is really kind of where her mind is at. And I think a lot of it has to do with how you imagine, how you see things. To me, that's maybe one of the most important parts of this is the ability to imagine however you imagine. You know, if you imagine in numbers, that's one thing. You're imagining colors, imagining people, but if you're writing, that's kind of how you start putting your arms around it. This is terrific. And that leads me to my next question because so many people not only think that they want to write a book, but to get discouraged they run into problems and they just set it aside, you know, and I can't even begin to tell you how many friends I have that have started with something and myself included. I've never finished it because these problems come up.  They're in a different sphere with different experience and different desires and how they want this thing to go. But when they run into these roadblocks. What are some other ways that you can get over these roadblocks and actually get stuff down on the paper which you really want to do. Well, you know, can I think it's kind of like self help or help in many ways. If it's new to you and you really want to do this and you're serious about wanting to do this. You know, you and I belong to one of the greatest support groups I've ever known, truly for writing. And yet, while during the pandemic when we weren't meeting, I had a five person support group. Different neighborhoods I've lived in, you know, people get together and they write together and it's an excuse to write. I mean, it's not an excuse. It's a discipline. I know that on Sunday afternoon at four o'clock, I'm going to write. And if I can schedule that sometimes that's easier to do than sitting down yourself at any time and continuing because you're stumped. But if you've got some help, that's one way. That's one way. Another one and I can't remember who it was and another something like a David Mabbitt said, Well, I just blew my butt to the seat and just keep fighting. That's great. It's fun. I know I shouldn't. I know I'd like to go out and just, I gotta get this done. Yeah, you're certainly, it's certainly right about different ways that people have to do this. I think a real critical thing is have supportive friends like you are to these people who keep them to keep encouraging them, you know, through the rough parts because there's always going to be a rough part when you're writing something. Yeah, even if you have a time like my time is in the morning.  But, you know, that friend support is, is, is terrific. Now I'm sure that with some of your friends who want support that you wind up reading some of their, their stuff so that's not the easiest thing in the world to do.  And so, you know, if you would respect that and say, Well, this isn't how I would have it. It's certainly not the style that I like, but let me suggest some things to you.  And you can help them, you can suggest, but just respect that they're doing their best, they're trying, you know, not everyone does that. Yeah. Well, you know, I loved your analogy of the, the gardener and the farmer, because I'm definitely a gardener too. And I think real joy for me and writing is to see what comes up, you know, it's like you've got seeds but you don't know what the seeds are. You're finding them in the ground, and they can come up to a big sunflower they can come back to, you know, just real delicate flowers are, and you're sitting there saying wow, I didn't think it was going to go this way. I don't think it was going to come up this way. And that really is great fun it's just great. But then on the other hand it's also can discourage you for you saying, gee, that wasn't what I expected now I don't know what to do. So, I just try to tell people let it let that fun with it but it's it's hard, easy to say but hard to do, but hard to do. I agree with that. I this next the book that has just been worked on right now. And really the, I guess you would say the direction for that sort of came about by quote that I use at the end of the book. And then I had to back away from how to figure out how do we get to that so then I said, Well, there is a locale that I have wanted to use forever to place my character in this one locale. I will make it a big surprise. I mean, I used to drive take the train in northern California by the Swiss and Bay ghost ships. I don't know if you're familiar with this but it's where, where the military used to put all of their discarded ships. And at the time I was going by there were at least according to what I understand there were 66 of them stacked up. I mean it was astounding to look at this. And I kept thinking, What a great encounter to focus on. And so, you know, that's, that's how I started this out saying here's the end of the book. Here's where I want to be. Somehow they're going to get the two together. But I also tend to think that, again, people have a way of organizing your own mind in my mind. My books and a story kind of with the characters the center point has kind of three, three sections. The first one is what they're doing. In this case, mine is a journalist and she's, you know, she's covering stories and we've got to have that world in there to give her purpose. The second thing is how she relates to that way as a professional as in this case, a young woman, blah, blah, blah. And the third one is who is she as a person and what is her personal, what are her personal issues and all three of those have to work together. So, you know, there's context that can be placed between the ghost shifts and this last quote. So that's how I look at it. But again, I remember the stories that Jackie Suzanne who wrote on the Valley of the Dolls and a whole bunch of other, used to do a massive, massive kind of frame and grid for every single book. And I couldn't do that. That would drive me crazy. But that's how different writers can take different ways. Yeah, I think finding your own way is, is hard. It's easy for us to tell people to find their own way but it's hard to do that. You know, I was just a quick side. I wasn't familiar with the ghost ships. I, you know, I'm from Southern California so premier that but I'm also familiar because I was in the Air Force I was familiar with the area where they have all the ghost airplanes. Yeah, stocked up there and you know you can walk out on one of the fields there I forget which field it is, and see hundreds and hundreds of these old Air Force planes there. You know sitting there deserted so I thought well, geez there's another story. You know, the ghost air airfield you know. Absolutely. I mean, I, I'm very visual. You know, everybody has kind of a different perspective of how they look at things but I'm very visual as I see, I see my characters and I see, you know scenes playing out and consequently if I can come up with a really interesting, you know, location or some kind of a scenario that that really pulls you in visually. Do you ever have any problem with this visual sense. We've been around a while. And so we've got lots of memories and have lots of experiences. And you know, the first thing I thought of when we're talking about this and I mentioned the ghost airfield was I remember back to an old adventure, Avengers episode with a deserted airfield in after World War two. Very strange story and I thought, you know, these all these memories, everything that you say kicks off something in my head. If we're writing a book, it also kicks off stuff so I mean it's like, I worry sometimes about planning too many seats and everything's coming up and I'm looking around and saying, where do I start picking what do I use. Do you ever have that problem. Oh yeah, and when I send books out to the beta readers and they come back, like one guy said to me, I didn't think this scene was even necessary we figured out who did it, why can't we just get on to the party. The difficult with writing mysteries though is to keep your readers and suspense but not not be too far out, but give them the foreshadowings at the beginning of the book so that when they finish they say, you know I should have known that because she told me early on in the book. That's an easy thing to say but a hard thing to do. Well it isn't I think of every chapter of my, my friends. It was a journalist told me that chapter didn't go anywhere you buried the lead and I remember every chapter is a story of its own. So you got to keep that sort of thing going. The only thing that I have trouble with is I get to a certain spot. And I want to put something in and then I think to myself, if I'm going to put this in. I need some foreshadowing back in some previous chapters, and then I have to go back and add that to that chapters and it's like a never ending process. How do you how do you deal with that.  And I know it isn't for a lot of people. But that's part of the challenge of it I really, I really like the challenge of digging into it and making it, you know, tying it together. Oops, we forgot something is over here. You better, you know wrap that up here. But I know that that's hard for the people I just have a lot. I think that you have an advantage in that you're a very positive person and that's, that's terrific I wish I could make more writers and everybody else in the world more positive so that you can enjoy it more.  It becomes a chore. And a lot of people see see as writing as a chore you know part of that's hooked up with our jobs. A lot of us are in jobs that have to do a lot of writing. And it's hard for them to think of it not as a chore but as a joy any, any ideas on that or thoughts on that. Well, yeah, I mean it's an attitude about any kind of creativity, I mean whether you're, you know, writing or graphic designer anything. And I really believe that we, there is a muscle inside of us for creativity and for imagination, and most, not most, many people do not ever develop that muscle. You know, you look at a scene and you describe it exactly as you see it with absolutely no interest in bringing out what else might be there. I think that's part of, I don't know why I got developed to that. I want to think it was the nuns in first or second grade or something. I don't know. But that's part of the problem when people sit down and they think, Well, where am I going to go from here I've described the scene now what, you know, and it's if the imagination is being able to use that whether it's a mathematical imagination, we have a colleague that is in our group at Wyndham Community College. I've seen her artwork and she uses a protractor to do faces and things like that. I couldn't even imagine that, but it's wonderful. So that's where imagination has been developed to. But yeah, I think you just have to say, Hey, it doesn't matter I'm going to write what is there, and if it doesn't look like the picture I think it should. Well, that's me. That's mine. That's terrific. Benny we're running running short on time back we've got about a minute left I wanted to check in to see if there's any final thoughts before we say Aloha. Well, supposedly that do it, you know, right. We have lots of people around who have shown us that just sitting down and even doing the memoir. You don't have to be a joy. Yeah, I think that's kind of what we're looking at is make it joyful. You know that's one of the things I find in the writer's workshop. The writing retreat that we go to out at the windward thing is it gives you, you know you no longer have an excuse because you're there and you need to write. And you have an hour, hour and a half of just writing and some of those people say this is the only time I get to write. And they're there because they really want to write. Yeah, exactly.  Absolutely. Penny it's been wonderful having you on the show thank you so much for joining me and I look forward to continuing being with you and the writing retreat and other venues where we can have a chance to write together because it is really stimulating and wonderful. Absolutely can it's been my pleasure and knowing you're a good Southern California boy, I will bring you the next book as soon as it's done because it's all about Southern California. Great and I was born in Hollywood so I got lots of questions about. Okay, and I'd like to say a lot to all the people who helped us today. Thank you, Mike and Jay and Haley and Michael. Thank you for all your support here and thank you listeners who are out there. I hope you've enjoyed the show if you got any questions please give us an email or whatever, and would be happy to respond to that and, you know, and try to deal with whatever not only questions but comments that you have as well. Everybody thank you and aloha.


Hi there, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rosal, and this YouTube channel covers all things related to Jerusalem and Israel. The streets of Israel's capital, Jerusalem, have some interesting names. There is the well-known Ben Yehuda Street, the main pedestrian street in Jerusalem city centre, which is named after Eliezer Ben Yehuda. That's the guy who is credited with reviving Hebrew as a spoken language. There are plenty of streets named after great rabbis and other historical Jewish figures. There are some named after non-Jewish scientists like Patterson Street next to the Orient Hotel in the German colony. But if you travel through south-west Jerusalem, through neighbourhoods like Kiryatoyovel and Irhaganim, you may have spotted a trend. There is Chile Street, located next to Park Rubinovich. Just a couple of hundred metres north from there, there is a Brazil Street running in the direction of the Allen Hospital. Not so far from either of those is Bolivia Street, and Bolivia Street happens to intersect with Guatemala Street. So what's the deal? Why are there so many neighbourhoods in one small suburban patch of Jerusalem named after various Latin American countries? Is south Jerusalem a thriving hub of Latino immigrants? Are there Brazilian barbecue places, Saltonite clubs, and... Sorry, I ran out of cultural stereotypes. Unfortunately, the answer isn't quite as exciting, but it's perhaps more significant. According to various sources, the Latin American streets in south Jerusalem are named after the Latin American states, which voted mostly in favour of the Yuan partition plan on November 29, 1945. In fact, there is even a street in Jerusalem named after the date on which the partition plan was agreed. In the Hebrew numerical system, 29, is transliterated as Kaftet. Kaftet, the November Street on which the Italian consulate to Jerusalem is located, means in Hebrew, November 29th Street. So what was the Yuan partition plan? It refers to the UN resolution 181 of 1947, which proposed separating Mandatory Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. It was accepted by Jewish negotiators, but rejected by Arab states. He used it as a springboard to launch an all-out war against Israel. That became the War of Independence. 33 countries voted in favour of the proposal, constituting 72% of the total votes. This 33 included a 13 country block of Latin American and Caribbean countries. These are the states who have streets named in their honour in south Jerusalem. Other countries who voted in favour include Belgium, Denmark, Australia, and the United States. 13 countries voted against the proposal and 10 countries abstained, including six countries from the Latin American and Caribbean block. Note that not all the Latin American states who have streets named after them actually voted in favour of the resolution. Chile, for instance, was one of the countries which abstained, and the municipality website doesn't actually mention why it got included. Perhaps because they didn't vote against the proposal? If you know the answer to this conundrum, let me know in the comments. Occasionally, looking up street names does throw up some interesting facts. If you're interested in this pursuit, then I have a few resources to recommend. The first of these is a lookup tool on the Jerusalem Municipality website. I'll leave a link in the description. Although the search tool only works in Hebrew, you can look up the name of any street in the city and find its history and who or what it's named after. In English, there's the recently published Jerusalem and Neighborhood Street Guide, which provides an English reference to the street names of Jerusalem. An updated 2023 edition of this popular title recently came to Marcus. Thanks for watching the video. Until next time.


GridSTART stands for Grid System Technologies Advanced Research Team and essentially we're a team of professionals with varied backgrounds, engineering, science, business and even law because we address issues ranging from policy all the way through development of new technologies, writing code, developing hardware, a full spectrum set of capabilities. Our group here at GridSTART works on renewable integration issues out on the grid and we've been using the grid as our kind of living laboratory to put out new technologies, new systems and test them out. Our lab is really exciting because it really expands our ability in our research. It extends our ability to do much deeper analyses of our algorithms and our controls and really test them out here before we take it into the field. We can push things to where the grid actually may never go but we can see how our systems respond to those maybe unlikely events but possible events and make sure that our systems are robust enough. So some of the equipment that we've implemented as lab includes actually having PV systems put in on the rooftop. We have inverters on the wall so we can actually bring power from PV that's being produced in real time and bring that into this laboratory room so we can incorporate that into the testing of equipment and then we have a full simulation system here that can simulate the actual power grid what's happening on a power distribution feeder and we can connect our equipment, tie it into that so all of this is actually working together so it gets it as close as you can to the real world of putting it out on a real feeder in a real neighborhood. Our laboratory now really is end-to-end right? It allows us to go from engineering concepts solutions that we dream up and turn them into actual implementable solutions. Other with the capable and passionate team we have here at GridStart and I think we can support the goals of the state and other regions around the world in their integration of renewable energy.


It is now time for Member's Statements. I recognize the Member for Mississauga Centre. Thank you Madam Speaker, good morning. November is Lung Cancer Awareness Month, and lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in men and women in Ontario. In Canada, 30,000 people are diagnosed each year, making it the most commonly diagnosed cancer type. November also marks Raid on Gas Action Month, yet there is little known about this invisible and odorless radioactive gas that is naturally released from rocks, soil and water. It can get into homes through cracks and holes over time, and breathing in this gas can cause lung cancer. For those who do not smoke, Raid on Gas is the leading cause of lung cancer, responsible for over 3,000 deaths in Canada each year. Madam Speaker, home testing kits for Raid on are inexpensive and can be purchased at your local retailer. Madam Speaker, our government has already made stride in cancer prevention such as our initiative to start screening earlier for breast cancer. And I am thankful for survivors and advocates for their dedication to this cause, including those from the Canadian Cancer Survivor Network, Right to Survive, Lung Cancer Canada and others for their continued advocacy on this imperative and deadly issue in Ontario. Thank you Madam Speaker. Thank you. Member Statements. Member from Waterloo. Well good morning Speaker. We are very excited on this side of the House that the government has signaled they may support a motion by our caucus and the amazing member from St. Catherine's to provide full coverage for birth control under OHIP. This could be a game changer for so many women in Ontario who can't afford or have easy access to contraception. Our leader has said there is no doubt that lowering the barriers to accessing contraception can have a huge impact on people's ability to have control over their family plans and their bodies. It's long overdue and it's just common sense. I would add that it certainly is worth fighting for and truly encouraging that the government is considering supporting. After all, as MPP Stevens has said, this isn't just about health, it's a matter of gender equality. Advocates have said that ensuring women don't have to pay hundreds of dollars a year on birth control will offer more protection for victims of sexual violence, provide women with autonomy over reproductive health and act as yet another step towards gender equality. Many people don't know that in abusive relationships, violence often escalates during pregnancy, which says Christa McNeil, the ED of Victim Services in Durham. The cost of unwanted pregnancies in Canada is in excess of $320 million. By contrast, no-cost contraception represents a fraction of that cost and the lives of women are worth this investment. Let's hope that we can work together to expand contraception health care for women in the province of Ontario, so let's get it done. Member Statements. The Member for Brantford, Brad. Good morning, Speaker. I am pleased to rise to speak about the Nova Vita Women's Shelter. Speaker, domestic violence is a horrific form of intimate partner violence that affects roughly 100,000 Canadians each year. Domestic violence has devastating effects on a victim's physical health and mental well-being. Often the effects of domestic violence can seriously disrupt a victim's social and economic well-being as well. That is why the Nova Vita Women's Shelter has dedicated itself to fighting to end interpersonal violence and abuse by supporting individuals and families who have experienced domestic violence. Nova Vita was founded in the Brantford Brant community in 1982 and it has flourished into a beacon of hope for everyone affected by domestic violence. In 2003, Speaker, Nova Vita renovated their emergency shelter, which has opened 24-7 and provides a safe place for women and children experiencing abuse or homelessness to eat, sleep, and meet with Nova Vita workers for support. Nova Vita continues to engage in evaluative research of its many programs and services in partnership with a variety of educational institutions to ensure that those who rely on their services for support are receiving the highest quality care. Speaker, I am proud to represent a community that takes care of its own. On behalf of Brantford Brant, I want to extend my thanks to Nova Vita for protecting the most vulnerable in our community. Nova Vita, keep up the great work. Thank you, Speaker. In 2022, Chad Balange was a victim of a tragic accident while driving between campus casing in Valrita on a short work delivery. His vehicle was in the head-on collision with a commercial truck after the truck crossed two solid yellow lines to pass another commercial vehicle going up a hill. He survived by with extreme pain, bruising on vital organs including heart and lungs, a severe concussion and memory loss from the accident. He had a broken jaw, broken neck, broken ribs. He now lives with anxiety and PTSD. Currently, there is a gray zone for drivers when it comes to this dangerous maneuver. Police officers cannot find someone for passing on a two-solid line. They can only give a $85 fine when it is considered unsafe passing. This leaves little room for prevention, and most times it takes an accident to have any consequences from this careless driving. Speaker, Chad Law is a common-sense law. Ontarians wrote to me in complete shock that this was not already illegal, like in all the other provinces in Canada. As an MPP from Northern Ontario, I know all MPPs representing communities from all parties can testify to how dangerous Highway 11 and 17 can be. Speaker, winter is at our door, highways in the north will become more dangerous. I hope we can all work together and not wait for another accident to make passing double lines finally illegal. Thank you, Speaker. Thank you very much. Member Statements. The Member for Mississauga, Aaron Mills. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. On Friday, I joined my colleagues at Peel Region Police Headquarters in Mississauga where the Premier announced that preventing U-2 theft grant. An $18 million investment over three years to help police services combat U-2 theft and protect communities, including $900,000 for Peel Region. We know that U-2 theft are an increasingly serious problem in Mississauga and across the province. That's why our government is taking immediate and decisive action to increase safety and security and prevent crime. Earlier this year, the Solicitor General announced a $51 million investment over three years to fight criminal organizations and put these criminals behind bars. But though our government is working hard to fight crime, we must be clear, comprehensive reform from the federal government are needed to take criminals off the street and keep them in jail. That's why this legislature called our federal counterparts to implement a bail reform. The non-stop game of catch and release and the dangerous opposition rhetoric of defunding the police only serve to banish the hard-working, low-abiding residents of Ontario. We will always continue to support the law enforcement officers, such as Peel Regional Police, that are working hard to keep our communities safe. This we made earlier this year will provide free tuition at the Ontario Police College and allow up to 550 recruits, Bercow Horde, such as the 51 police who we graduated to Peel this year. This government is providing police with their resources and training they need to be successful. We are firmly committed to fighting crime. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. Member statements? Member for St. Catharines. Thank you. Thank you, Speaker. As we welcome the festival season, it is crucial to address a growing concern in our communities. While the holiday traditionally sees an increase in food bank usage, this year presents an unprecedented challenge. Minister, today's Feed Ontario reports highlights a distressed reality, a significant rise in food bank use across Ontario, an increase of over 38% from last year. This is double the increase Ontario saw during the 2008 recession. In Niagara, organisations like Community Care, Salvation Army and the local churches run our food banks. They are an incredible force of good, yet they face immense strain due to systemic issues beyond the holiday spike. The root cause, chronic income insecurity, precarious employment and a dire shortage of affordable housing all demand our immediate attention. This crisis calls for more than seasonal generosity. It requires concrete action from the Government of Ontario. We should be leading by example, showing compassion at this time of the year, providing emergency assistance for food banks that are ringing the alarm bells in order to get there. It will require a bridge and the province holds the purse strings. Minister, it is time to seriously look at emergency assistance for food banks. As we move towards a new year, let us embrace the vision of hope and resilience. Thank you very much. Member statements? Okay. Okay. I'll go on with that. No, it's actually in order. It's supposed to be winter to come see. And then I'll recognize you. Thank you, Speaker. In a tribute to my predecessor, Percy Hatfield, a heartwarming story of community generosity shall be revealed. This weekend over 600 good fellows stood at street corners aplenty, exchanging winter star newspapers for nickels, tunis and bills of 20. In the frigid cold at Takamsee and Forsglade, I joined the 600 volunteers who encouraged that trade. For 110 years strong, this tradition has endured the gift of monthly food boxes and hampers to the needy is assured. But in true Windsor Essex Forum, we know that this target will be exceeded, the target being 3,300 such hampers known to be needed. And as this holiday campaign ends, our good fellows keep helping the masses with shoes, boots, breakfasts and bag lunches for students in classes. And their food bank on Tuesdays and Fridays helping many families eat, prices keep on climbing and they struggle to make ends meet. To the good fellows serving us across Windsor and Essex County, a sincere thank you for filling families' dinner tables with a generous bounty. Thank you very much. Member Statements. The Member for Algoma, Manitoulou. Thank you, Speaker. I want to take this opportunity today to speak about Killarney, a wonderful municipality in my writing. Killarney pretty much has everything, Speaker. Beautiful views of Lake Huron and the La Clash Mountains. A welcoming community near some of Ontario's most pristine wilderness and the best fishing chips in Ontario. But there is one thing they currently do not have, and that's a long-term care facility close to home. Speaker, that hasn't stopped the people of Killarney. They have come together with the care partners, stakeholders and community members to develop an innovative pilot project for a long-term care home that would meet the needs of the people in Killarney. They are proposing a small home model that would allow seniors to age in place they call home. It will have 14 private rooms, a central living space with an open kitchen, a dining and living area, and a fireplace and access to the outdoors on this 2.7-acre campus. Speaker, this is a project to be excited about. However, Killarney needs the support of this government and the minister of long-term care to make it a reality. An invitation has been extended to the minister to come and visit Killarney to learn exactly what makes this town their unique project. And the invitation is extended to you as well, Speaker. I want to extend the invitation to him again this morning. Come and visit Killarney, minister, see what they have to offer and let's do the impossible in Ontario and provide Killarney with a long-term care home. Thank you. Member statements? The member for Chatham Kent Leamington. Thank you. Good morning, Speaker. As a young man growing up in Leamington, Ontario, the southernmost community in Canada, my geography had a profound impact on me. In particular, our friends, allies and closest trading partners from the beautiful state of Michigan. My airwaves were filled with the music of Motown. Our local news are from Detroit, and the skyline I adored growing up was the Shimmering Renaissance Center, standing on the shores of the Detroit River. This unique geography also influenced the sports teams I cheered for. My grandfather Joseph was born in a small community near Flint, Michigan, where my great grandfather played baseball for a development team for Detroit Tigers while working in a local automotive plant. This history made for enjoyable and interesting traditions, not to mention two beautiful Thanksgiving dinners and University of Michigan football. I was inspired by a young man, by a young coach called Bo Schambackler, whose leadership, commitment and grit guided my life. I believed in the team.  No person is more important than the team. No coach is more important than the team. The team, the team, the team. So if you take this mantra with your daily life, just take into consideration what effects that might have on the outcomes. Yesterday, in front of 116,000 fans, the University of Michigan Wolverines defeated their rivals from Ohio State, a score of 30-24. Congratulations to the University of Michigan and to the fans worldwide for believing in the team. Hail to the victors. Thank you very much. Member Statements, the Member for Oakville. Thank you, Speaker, for Memorial Day, which honours the memory of millions of parish during one of the most tragic events of the 20th century. On the 4th Saturday of November, across Canada and around the world, we remember the holodomor of 1932-33, the catastrophic famine orchestrated by the Soviet regime, which resulted in the death of countless Ukrainians. The term holodomor directly translates to death by hunger, a somber reminder of the deliberate and brutal campaign of starvation inflicted on the Ukrainian people. The policies of Joseph Stalin's Communist government not only deprived individuals of nourishment, but also stripped away the very essence of their freedom and dignity leading to the deaths of millions of individuals under excruciating conditions. This day of remembrance takes on even deeper significance in the current context. The resolve of the Ukrainian people as seen throughout history is once again being tested by the ongoing conflict in their homeland. In Oakville, we stand united with Ukraine. Our local institutions, such as St. Joseph's Ukrainian Catholic Church and St. Vladimir Cultural Centre, have been at the forefront of providing unwavering support by those affected by the crisis. On the 90th anniversary of this tragedy, let us remember those who have suffered under Stalin's regime. Let us also keep in our thoughts the 43 million citizens of the Ukraine. We remember we stand together and we look forward to a future of peace and justice for Ukraine. Thank you very much. That concludes our member's statements this morning. The introduction of visitors.


This paper proposes a novel approach to increasing crop yield by introducing carboxysoams into chloroplasts. Carboxysoams are small protein structures found in cyanobacteria, and some bacteria, which help to increase the efficiency of carbon fixation. By introducing these structures into chloroplasts, the authors were able to demonstrate that they could be used to increase the amount of carbon fixed by the plant. This has the potential to significantly increase crop yield and reduce the need for fertilizers. This article was authored by Tayu Chen, Marta Hoika, Philip Davy, and others.