The mutual broadcasting system in cooperation with Family Theatre Incorporated presents World with a Fence, starring Robert Stack, Richard Webb and Gloria Blondel. Frank Leahy, coach of Notre Dame, is your host.  Here is Frank Leahy. Isn't it wonderful when things go well? You know when you make plans and they work out just right. Of course, having things run smoothly in any undertaking. Whether it's football, baseball or business needs understanding. That's the secret of a happy home. Mother and father and children working. Not at cross purposes but together. Together with one another and with God. Yes, in a home where a family works together with God's plan in mind. Where there's the daily practice of family prayer, there is real teamwork. Because God will never let you down if you sincerely ask His help. That's why family prayer is so important in all our homes. Family prayer is teamwork with God. Frankly, he will speak again following our Family Theatre play, starring Robert Stack, Richard Webb and Gloria Blondel in World with a Fence. You probably remember Tim Stryker. Big Tim Stryker they call him. Back in 1935, he was chosen all American quarterback. That was when he and I were juniors at Manning. I was Tim's roommate. Funny about that. It didn't matter that I was unimportant and had to work my way through college. But that was Tim's way. That's why he was a big man. He accepted everyone as an equal. I lived with him three years before I found out that he came from one of Boston's wealthiest families. The year that we were seniors, a girl named Janie Pierce came to Manning. She was a transfer from some Western college. I fell in love with her. And I thought she kind of like me. When the senior dance came along, I juggled my resources around so that I could ask her to go. I had it all figured out that night when I got back to our room. Hi, Tim. Hi, Johnny Boy. Why all the good cheer? Oh, nothing, nothing. Going to the senior dance, Tim? Yeah, I sort of thought I would. You? Yeah, I sort of thought I would too. Good stuff. Who you dragging? Oh, not sure yet. I haven't asked her. How about you? Oh, I don't know for sure. I kind of halfway gave a bit of that blonde, the one who transferred to Manning from some Western college. Janie Pierce? Yeah. I guess that's her name. Know her, Johnny? Yes, I know her. Well, what did she say, Tim? Oh, she grabbed at the chance all right. I don't know. Maybe I'll change my mind. Change your mind? Oh, you can't do that, Tim. What do you mean? I can't do that. Well, if you asked her and she accepted, you can't just decide to take somebody else. Why, any gal on the campus would... Sure, I know any gal on the campus would be glad to go with you, Tim, but... But Janie... Well, she isn't just any gal. No? She's new at Manning, Tim.    Go right ahead and be an idealist. But one of these days, that's going to land you right behind the eight-ball. Okay, so I'm an idealist, so I don't know what the score is. Now, wait a minute, Johnny. Wait a minute. Oh, I'm not blaming you. It must be tough for a big shot to understand things like that. And it would mean a lot to Janie.  Okay, kid. You win. Then you'll take her? Sure, kid. Sure. It's a promise. Oh, gosh, Tim, that's swell.  Hey there, Johnny. What kept you? Oh, hello, Mike. I just came in. Where's your date? No date. I came stagged. The line forms on the right.  Isn't that Janie Pierce standing over there all along? Yeah, but lay off. She's Tim Striker's girl. He left her there a half hour ago and she hasn't dared move. Hey, there's my date. Rosie, where the heck have you been? Hello, Janie. What are you doing standing here all along? Oh, hi, Johnny. Tim had to make a telephone call. He'll be back in a minute. Well, how long has he been gone? Oh, not long. Not more than a half an hour, huh? Janie, how about walking out with me and checking up on the moon? Look, what if Tim... Oh, it'll be good for the log. Let him stand here a while and find out what it feels like. Come on. Wonderful night, isn't it, Johnny? Yeah, wonderful. New England's so different from what I'm used to. We don't have trees like this in Kansas. No? Is anything wrong, Johnny? Wrong? What do you mean? You haven't heard a word I've been saying. Janie. Yes, Johnny. You know, don't you? Know what? That I'm in love with you. That I've been in love with you from the minute we met. Well, Johnny... No, no, don't stop me. I've got to say this. I've kept it inside me too long. I know I haven't a chance. Tim's a great guy. He's the best friend I've ever had. I feel like a heel, but this thing has happened to me well. Oh, Johnny, Johnny, please. I didn't know... I don't blame you if you think it's funny. I'm nobody. Tim's the swellest guy who ever lived, only on a thing like this. Hey, Johnny, stop. Stop talking about Tim. Okay, Janie. Okay.  I'm so sorry that you didn't... Don't pity me, Janie. I can stand anything but that. Pity you? I know it's a good joke. Johnny, a girl never pities the man she loves. I know I'm sticking my chin out, but... What did you say? I said, a girl never pities the man she loves. The man she...  Oh, you're so naive, Janie. You're so completely sold that Tim can have anything he wants. What makes you think Tim and I want the same thing? If you weren't so blind, you'd have known how I feel long ago. Janie. Janie. Oh, Johnny. Johnny, my darling. Janie, you... you don't know how much this means to me. I still can't believe it. Then kiss me again. I'll... I'll make you happy, Janie. I promise you I will. I'll work. I'll give you everything that Tim could have given you. I'll give you the world with a fence around it. Oh, darling, I don't want the world with a fence around it. All I want is you. Hey, Tim. There's Johnny. How are you, Johnny? Oh, hello, Bob.   How about that? That's right, Tim. I did. Listen, admitting it. Johnny, I guess you never learn. When a guy steals his pal's best girl, he doesn't go around bragging about it. Sorry, Tim. It's not bragging. It's an announcement. Janie and I are going to be married. I thought you ought to know. What was that, Johnny? I said, Janie and I are going to be married. Oh, yeah. Yeah, that's what I thought you said. I'm sorry, Tim. It's just one of those things. Yeah. Just one of those things. Well, congratulations, kid. Best of luck. You mean you're not sore? Why should I be sore? What's it to me? I'm glad for both of you. You make us well, couple. Oh, gosh, Tim. Thanks. Thanks a lot. Janie and I were married a month after graduation. Tim's striker was best man. A lot of the people came to the wedding just to see Tim. Both Janie and I were mighty proud to have him as our friend. We moved into a one-room apartment, and I got a job as a filling station attendant. It wasn't much, but times were tough, and it was all I could get. Sometimes I wondered how I was ever going to keep my promise to Janie. Oh, Janie. The world with the fence around it. You think I'm kidding? Well, I'm not. You know what Mr. Andrew said to me today? What, Janie? He's thinking of transferring Thompson to Albany and making me manager of the station. Oh, darling, that's wonderful. That's just the beginning. You wait and see. Darling, I promise you'll never regret marrying Janie Bradford. $90 a week. That's a wonderful salary.  Sure, 90 bucks is all right, but it isn't enough for me to give you everything I promised. Oh, darling, stop being silly. Okay, honey, okay. Oh, I have a surprise for you. Tim's striker's coming to dinner. What? Yes, he got back from England this morning and called us the first thing, so naturally I invited him out for dinner. Well, I'll be darned. Big Tim coming here to dinner. He's a big man. He knows a lot of important people and to see us on his first night home. Darling, you're so naive. Tim probably counts you the best friend he has. Now, go on.  I've got a roast to look after, and Tim will be here any minute. Oh, John. Janie, if I'd known this wife of yours could cook like that, I'd have married him myself. Over my dead body. You two men sit here and catch up on past events. I'm going to stack the dishes. How about letting us help? No thanks. I'll only be a minute. She's a great girl, Janie. Nobody knows it better than I. Well, how you doing, Janie boy? Okay, we're getting by. Getting by. Look, Janie, this isn't for you. What isn't for me?  You and Janie deserve more. Now, wait a minute, Tim. I know it isn't much, but a guy has to start somewhere. Janie's satisfied, and later on... Whoa, kid, take it easy. I'm not saying you won't do better. I'm only saying that I can help you to do better quicker. Huh? What kind of a job are you working at now, kid? Well, I'm a manager of a filling station, but I got plans, Tim. A what? Janie, now I know you'll never learn. Look, take an hour off tomorrow and meet me up at my dad's office. Yeah, but I can't leave the station. Oh, yes you can. And leave it for good, I hope. Our organization needs smart men. And, uh, why not keep the gravy in the family? And then it happened. All the years of preparation, all the penny pinching that enabled me to get through college, and the odd chance it had given me Tim as a friend.  It seemed to be the break of a lifetime. And Mr. Stryker was just as great a guy as Tim. I couldn't wait to tell Janie the news. Janie, Janie! Johnny, what is it? What's happened? I got the job, Janie. Tim's father liked me. I'm starting it next Monday. Job, Tim's father... Janie, what are you talking about? I knew job. Tim put it up to me last night. I asked him not to tell you until we were sure. Oh, Janie, we're on the way up. Nothing can stop us now. But what about the filling station? Forget it, forget it. Janie, are you sure? May I never see the inside of a filling station again? You know what my starting salary is with Tim? How much, Janie? Eight thousand a year. No. It's a dream. I'll wake up. And that's just the beginning. Darling, I told you I'd do it. I told you I'd be able to give you everything. But, Janie, are you sure it'll last? Last? Of course it'll last. Oh, for gosh's sake, stop worrying. I'm keeping my promise. I'm building that fence. Yes, darling.  Well, honey, there it is. What do you think? Oh, Janie, it's the cutest house I've ever seen. Oh, I thought you'd like it. Let's get out and look at it. Wait a minute. What's the matter? Janie, let's be practical. We can't afford a house like this. Oh, I see. You don't think I'll be able to keep my promise for you? Oh, Janie, stop talking about your promise. The least I can do right now is to give you a place where we can entertain. You want to know Tim doesn't like it because we can't return a few of the invitations we're always accepting. Then it was Tim who suggested we buy this house. Tim, isn't that crude, Janie? But he did think it was a good idea. Well, of course he did. Why shouldn't he? My gosh, Janie, Tim gave me my break. Oh, all right, dear. We'll buy the house. I guess we can pay for it some way. Janie, I know something is wrong. Your pale is a sheet. All right. Something's plenty wrong, Janie. I've lost my job. Lost your job? Oh, Janie, do you mean you were fired? Well, almost as bad. Business has been falling off, and, well, I had to start cutting down. Since I was last to be taken on, I was the first to go. But didn't Tim... Tim did everything he could. He was swell. The old man wouldn't listen to him. I see. Look, honey, I know it's tough, but I'll get another job. Did Tim take you in to see his father, Janie? Of course he didn't. But he spent all morning with the old man himself. He told me so.  Now quit worrying, Janie.  Not at all. I've had a good deal of experience in the investment business, Mr. Hayward. I used to work for Striker and Company. Oh, why aren't you working for them now? Oh, well, you see, they're cutting down. Striker cutting down? That's a little hard for me to believe. Tell you what, son, we'll keep your name on file. If we need anyone in the future, we'll get in touch with you. No opening at present. Sorry, no help wanted. Sorry. Oh, Janie, I'm so sorry. Oh, forget it. Dinner ready? Yes, but first there's something I want to say. Okay, what is it? Dear, let's sell the house and move back to town. No. But, Janie, the house is nothing but a burden. If we were in town, you'd be nearer. We're not going to sell the house, Janie. Dear, here we're not going to sell it. Janie didn't understand. The house had become a symbol. It represented the only forward step I'd made in fulfilling my promise to her. When I wasn't out job hunting, I kept busy by working around the place. Planted a vegetable garden, built a picket fence, gave the place a dab of paint here and there. And then one night I came home late and found Janie as usual waiting up for me. How's my darling? I got a job the day, Janie. Oh, Janie, I knew you would, and you worried so. No, no, no, wait a minute. It isn't what you think. I'm going to work as an attendant at that new filling station two blocks down the street. It doesn't matter what you do. Oh, I'm glad, Janie. Really, I am. Stop it, Janie, you don't have to put on an act. I'm not putting on an act. Oh, Janie, don't you see you got the job yourself. We'll get along fine. Yeah, we might get along fine. If I had a thousand dollars. A thousand dollars? I could buy a part interest in the station for that amount. It's a good location. You know, a man could really make some money if he owned part of that setup. But a thousand dollars, Janie? Yeah, I know, I know. Well, maybe I can save it up and buy it later. Janie. Yeah? Making a lot of money is really important to you, isn't it? Nope, doesn't mean a thing. I know where you can get a thousand dollars, dear. Where? Tim. Tim? Yeah, Tim. Why's the glum looking, Janie? I'm not at all glum. It's just that the house isn't straightened. I'm not dressed. Johnny said you were coming out for dinner. Not angry at an old friend for dropping around early? Of course not. I came early because I wanted to talk to you. This thousand dollars, Janie wants to borrow. I know it seems like a lot, Tim, but it means so much to Janie. But if you don't think it's a good business proposition, you just say so. A thousand dollars? It isn't worth worrying about. Then you will loan it to Janie. Janie, do you want the thousand? Well, well, Janie does. If I refuse to loan. Well, you've every right to refuse. But I think it's a good investment. Janie, it's throwing good money after bad. You know that, don't you? Tim, what are you saying? You know what I'm saying, because all these years have proved it. I've waited for you to admit your mistake to realize that Janie's a weakling. I won't listen to anything like that. Yes, you will, because it's true. Oh, Janie, I've tried to be patient with you. I even gave Janie that job. A chance to make something out of himself just to prove to you that he would fail. Even when he was given a chance. You did all you could to load Janie up with debts and then make him fail. Frankly, Janie, yes. I can't believe it. Wake up, Janie. This is your chance. I want you to divorce Janie and marry me.   Can't you understand that I love Janie more than anything else in the world? That isn't true. Janie, darling. Tim, please. Where'd I go, Tim? Oh, Janie. It's all right now, Janie. What's the matter, Tim? Lost your tongue?  I could hear you almost out to the street. Don't stop.  The big hero of the campus hasn't gone soft. Why, you... You asked for it. Oh, Janie. Feel better, Janie? Yeah. Yeah, I'm all right. What happened? You and Tim were fighting. Oh, yeah, yeah. He knocked me out, huh? You were wonderful. And I'm glad because now you'll stop that crazy hero worship of the great Tim Stryker. But he knocked me out. That big bum knocked me out.  Yeah, he's bigger than I am. He has been. I guess I just can't... Oh, Janie, Janie, stop talking like that. Stop it. You've always won. You always will win as far as I'm concerned. Oh, thanks, Janie. You're swell. I promised you the world of the fence around it. The world of the fence. And now I... Now I won't be able to give you anything. Janie, come with me. Where? Outside. Come on. There's something I want to show you. Look, Janie, not now. I've got to figure out something. You can figure it out later. Come on. I'll hear on the porch. Janie, for crying out loud... Look. Over there. Well, there's nothing... There's a lot. There's everything. The fence, Janie. The fence that you build around our house. Don't you realize what it is? Yes, just an ordinary picket fence. Oh, it's more, Janie, a lot more. It's the fence around the world that you promised long ago. Our world. Everything that's important to both of us is inside that fence. Everything that's important to us. So long as we love each other and believe in things that are good and decent. That's all I want, Janie. That's all I ever wanted.  Don't you understand, my darling? Yes. Yes, I guess I do at that. Janie. Janie. I never realized it. But we both had the world with a fence around it all the time. This is, frankly, he again. As parents, our greatest happiness is to see our children growing up strong and healthy. We don't begrudge effort or expense for them. We want to see them develop, not only physically, but intellectually, morally and spiritually. Because men and women without moral strength and a spiritual outlook can find no worthwhile purpose or meaning or accomplishment in life. That's why family prayer is a necessary part of a good home life. Our examples as parents, our sincerity, our reverence and respect for God when we pray with our family is the greatest inspiration we can give our children to live good and useful lives. There is a right spirit in a home where family prayer is a daily practice. A spirit of moral and spiritual growth. A spirit of unity and understanding because the family that prays together stays together. This is, frankly, he saying good luck and God bless you. Our thanks to Robert Stack, Richard Webb and Gloria Blondella for their appearance and to Richard Hill Wilkinson for writing our play. Music was scored and conducted by Max Tehr. This production of Family Theater Incorporated was directed by David Young. Next week, our Family Theater star will be Dennis Day in Herbert Has Ideas. This series of the Family Theater broadcasts is made possible by the thousands of you who felt the need for this kind of program and by the Mutual Broadcasting System which has responded to this need. Be with us next week at this same time when our Family Theater star will be Dennis Day. Tony LaFranco speaking. This is the Mutual Broadcasting System.


because I've been avoiding this all day long. How are you all today? Thank you. Discover this sometime ago, a nice way, then this could be pleasant. Oh, I think this is just delightful. Last time we were sat behind Mike's office, this is far more pleasantly nice. Looking at it, how come you don't get to see the viewers? And he says that maybe the story of being to us when he said they're the same story. He didn't have a thing for everybody to get. Really? I don't know. He should have not seen it. The form was standing there, leaving. Let's get one smile on the picture. The last picture. Class of 1982. Right. Well, she was reading, standing in front of them, reading something to them from this piece of paper. And then when she put it down, she shook hand with him and put his hand with him. And then they all... I saw one, too. It was probably a listen to start with. Oh, do you think that was it? Because she had just looked like a piece of paper about like that. And she was reading first. I thought maybe she was marrying him. And then I saw the kid and I said, no, that kid. He was in uniform. She was. I would imagine. I don't know. It was probably somebody from a law firm who was re-enlisting in the service. We got one of the other people over there to do it on the south wall. It was a pleasure. I'm going to see a lot of people. Very happy today to be welcoming. President Mateo. We have the judicial system. We are very happy to be here in Venezuela for months. We have always been very busy with our families. We have visited them from time to time. And now we are going to attend the change-up. We are going to receive the security of the Puerto Rico people. Go around the room for individual greetings, because I know we are going to do a little thing in the Oklahoma office individually, but I have a chance to do that. This is a lot of familiar faces. I'm going to tell you, this is an anniversary. I'm sure it was more joy than to do my birthday. My gallery it is. It's the second anniversary of it, isn't it? It's good to see all of you. I won't try to do that. I'm just good to have you all here to see you all again. And just after the meeting, I'll be just going through my relation. Maybe we might quiz all of you on some of the things that you might think about in the last election. We might be able to do with regard to the political side of the administration here and the thoughts and ideas you may have of things we may be doing before you came. We agreed what we would do is each of us would give our suggestions about looking to 1984 things that we could do or things that we could do better. They will channel them into the Republican National Committee. We'll summarize them and edit them a little bit and get them down to you. So maybe we can do that and give everyone a little opportunity to get some thought to it and work out some of the details. So we'll be glad to do that. But one thing that I think we all believe we all feel good about is the election of the night.      I like you well. I go on every day in here.  Business like atmosphere but I must confess I like you this way.          I'm very meaningful to Ann and me and I'm glad I'm getting in out of town. She's beginning to like this city. You guys know I've got one I'm still ahead but I'm just afraid that you've been an inspiration to so many people since those... I should never have. You've been an inspiration to so many people and to me, particularly ever since that 1968 convention and I'm not the one who is responsible to the president. Thank you very much. Jim, this is my party. Oh, okay. His blockage was 95-90-80. He's lucky to have had it. He's going to feel very good. From now on I just got to work. Is he at the medical university of South Carolina? St. Joseph's Hospital. Well, listen I thank you very much for those kind words but I thank you for more than that. I thank you for doing what you came here to do and I think I speak for everybody when I say that we're going to miss you. We miss you very much but we wish you the very best in what you're going on to do now. And so I will ask you all again I'm glad you said it really well. Hear, hear, hear. Dr. Edwards. Yeah. President. President. President. From all the morning that I heard from the nine chancellors presidents you might say of the University of California you're going to have all the problems. Well Thank you, Mr. President. Could I say a few words about our friend over here you know, strong was a hard man to get on board in 68. You remember that? I do remember the trouble he had already committed but he's a man of his word and I tell you he's been a great American and great patriot too and I just would like to ask all of you here to raise your glasses to my long time good friend and truly one of the great patriots of old times great states from my friend's front there. Thank you, I recommend you. Yes, I know that strong's a man of his word the only time I didn't appreciate that was in 68.  It was that Atlanta meeting that day. I don't want to say this, I've been here for 20 years you were the greatest president in 20 years I've been again I think you're going to be one of the greatest presidents in history of all time. Thank you very much. Strong if I if the distanced side might say something I think that the president has a very great first lady and I would like, I just want to know if her and I would just enunciate and you done a fine job yourself now let's take it.


You too team keep it clean what's going on the same grave and here with another video and in this video Which is gonna be extremely quick We just found out that the Seattle Seahawks in the Houston Texans just made a trade for offensive tackle Dwayne Brown Now it was a trade that they were talking about before the game yesterday They had I just heard the room of first yesterday morning, but then I guess during the game They figured you know what we actually like what we see from this guy since we get to see him up close and personal So we're gonna go ahead and continue that trade that we were thinking about doing We're gonna go ahead and go through it. So the Seattle Seahawks have done it. It has been completed Dwayne Brown is going to Seattle. He's going to Seattle and shout out to him because He's a beast. He's a beast. He just got back from being injured So how do you get how do you go from being injured? To getting healthy and then automatically getting traded just like that So shout out to Dwayne Brown for beating the system Shout out to the Seahawks for one of the new offensive linemen and shout out to him for getting out of Houston because Dwayne Brown If you know everything going on in Houston right now with everything that the owner was saying which I'm sure you guys already heard of and you're Already more more than familiar with it. You know, Dwayne Brown didn't want to be there anymore You know, he didn't want to be anymore. He didn't want to be there anymore. So Good for him.  Right. Anyway, appreciate y'all. Thank you again Dwayne Brown gets traded from the Houston Texans to the Seattle Seahawks, but I appreciate you guys I appreciate you guys. Thank you for watching Really quick Raul said I'm born and raised in Houston and Brown is not somebody that the city will cry about So hey, that's how it is. It's all good though, man Appreciate y'all. Thank you Make sure you leave a like on the video if you haven't subscribed to the YouTube channel if you haven't already for all the breaking news from the NFL Because the thing about this channel, we don't just break news for NFL But we break news from the NFL and we talk about it too. We talk about it, too So y'all get a chance to say what y'all got to say about it I get to say what I got to say about it and we can share with each other, man So appreciate y'all, man. Thank you. Make sure you leave a like on the video if you haven't already subscribe if you haven't already And I'm out man. I'll probably see you all later tonight


The Jack Benny program presented by Lucky Strike. Feeling low, feeling tense.  Smoke a lucky, to be your level best. Your level best.  Yes friends, Lucky's fine tobacco puts you on the right level to feel and do your level best. It's important to know that fine tobacco can do this for you. And L-S-M-F-T, L-S-M-F-T, Lucky Strike means fine tobacco. Smooth, mild, thoroughly enjoyable tobacco. So next time you buy cigarettes, remember that Lucky's fine tobacco puts you on the lucky level where you feel and do your level best. Where things seem right and are right, because you feel right. Yes, smoke a lucky to feel your level best. Strike program starring Jack Benny with Mary Livingston, Phil Harris, Rochester, Dennis Day, the sportsman for Ted and yours truly, Don Wilson. Ladies and gentlemen, once every year Jack Benny decides to tempt fate by going out to Santa Anita for the races. Yesterday was that day. So let's go back and pick up Jack and Rochester in the car. Gee Rochester, I can't wait to get to the racetrack. Me too, boss. It's a good idea starting early. We miss all the heavy traffic. Uh-huh.  Let's put the top down. The top is down. Then why is it so dark? We're in out of the garage, yes. Oh, well, let's hurry. Don't, don't drive too fast, Rochester. I won't, boss. Yeah. Hey, Rochester, there's a house that looks just like mine. It is yours. We ain't out of the driveway yet. Oh, yes, yes. Well, let's get going. Ah, this is the life top down, beautiful day, bomby weather, sunshine. It sure is swell. It sure is. Sure, Rochester's sunshine is the... Uh-oh. I think it's going to rain. I don't think so, boss. Then why did it get so dark? The car slipped into reverse. We're back in the garage again. Oh, for heaven's sake, Rochester, we'll never get to Santa Anita. Now, come on. We've got to pick up Miss Livingston. Rochester, there's Miss Livingston's house. You better start putting on the brakes. The brakes wore out last week. No brakes, and how do you stop the car? You know that chain I've got up here with the hook on the end of it? Yes. Well, I drop it through the floor, boys, and pray for an open manhole. Well, now, that's the silliest thing I've ever heard. Congratulations, boss. I hooked one. Good, good. Hmm, Miss Livingston said she'd be waiting out in the front for me. Rochester, honk the horn. Yes, sir. With that horn, she must know it's me. Either you or the hit parade. See, what's keeping her? I'll go up to the door. See, I haven't seen Mary since she went to Palm Springs last week. Ah, hello, Mary. Hello, Jack. Sorry I kept you waiting. Oh, that's all right. But Mary is such a beautiful day. Why are you wearing that heavy fur coat? Oh, darn it. I thought I was still in Palm Springs. Oh, was it cold in Palm Springs? Only the night. How were the days? Rainy. Oh. No, really? I'm just kidding, Jack. We had wonderful weather. And you know, I stayed at the racket club. Oh, yes, yes. Who all was there, Mary? Well, there was Robert Taylor, Frank Sinatra, Walter Pigeon, and Gregory Peck. Well, you must have had a lot of fun. No, it was Dull. Dull? With Taylor, Sinatra, Pigeon, and Peck? Yeah, I can't understand it. Who else was there? Mrs. Taylor, Mrs. Sinatra, Mrs. Pigeon, and Mrs. Peck. Oh, well, I can understand it, kid. Well, come on, Mary, we'll be late for the races. Hello, Rochester. Hello, Mrs. Livingston. Let's get going. Start the car, Rochester. Yes, sir. The motor is flooded. It's got too much gas. Shall I throw it? Never mind the wisecracks. Try it again, Rochester. Yes, sir. Rochester, turn to the left and follow this road clear to the track. Yes, sir. You know, Mary, there's a horse I've been watching all season, and I'm sure it's going to win today. Which one? Audacious Man. Audacious Man is one of the greatest horses. Was that a blowout? It wasn't a whistler. How do you like that? It's the right rear. How could that tire blowout? The two-minute is practically new. Practically new? Yes. Boss, that two's been fixed eight times with 10 vulcanizing four band-aids on a Dr. Scholes fan. Never mind, I'd just change the tire. Okay. I don't know why it is, but everything has to happen to me. Just once I want to go to the races and... Hey, what happened to the hot rod? Oh, hot. Yeah, Mary, put down the jack and wave to him. Phil? Fine, Livvy, what's up? Got a flat? Yes, Phil. Fortunately, my car was going slow. It would have been dangerous if it had been blown out while we were going 70 or 80 miles an hour. Oh, Dad, stop bragging. It's only us. Where are you going, Phil? To San Anita? No, I'm going to Pasadena to visit Sammy. My drummer, he was in a little accident the other night. Sammy was in an accident? What happened? Well, the boys in the band were having a party, and when Sammy left, he was hit by a car while crossing the street. Gee, was it his fault? Well, it might have been. He was crossing on his hands and knees. Oh, fine.  Well, it was only last Saturday that I gave Sammy a lecture. Well, he took it to heart. Yes, he joined Alcoholics Unanimous. That's anonymous. Alcoholics Anonymous? No, it's unanimous. My whole band joined with him. Oh, for once, you're right. Hey, I'd like to go to the races with you, but I gotta run along. Say, Phil, maybe you'd like me to bet a little something for you. You know, there's a good horse called Audacious Man. I'm going to bet $5 on it. Well, in that case, I think I'll go to San Anita myself. Well, Phil, I thought you said you couldn't go. I know, Livy, but if Jackson is going to bet $5 on a horse, I want to see how many extra legs it's got.  So long, plunger. See you later, Liv. Gee, Phil sure drives a beautiful car. Alice must be nuts about him. Now, let's get at that tire. It's all fixed, boss. I changed it while you were talking to Mr. Harris. Good, good. Then let's get going. See, I hope we won't miss any of the races. So what if we miss the first couple? Jack, does the radio on your car work? You never know until you turn it on, Mary. Try it. Keep me warm. I can't keep me warm. The Lucky Strikes. And feel my level best. Keep on puffin' cause then there's nothin' and Honey Strikes will keep me warm. Yeah, and I feel lucky today. I'm sure Audacious Man is going to win. Ladies and gentlemen. Jack, we missed five races already. Well, I don't care. I'm only interested in the sixth one.  But Jack, we're in the clubhouse. Let's have lunch here. Well... Waiter! Waiter! Yeah! We'd like to get something to eat. What would you suggest? A bib.  Never mind that. Now what can we get in a hurry? Well, we have roast pork, corned beef, leg of lamb, sirloin tips and bacon and egg. Bacon and egg sound good. Are the eggs fresh? Ooh, are they? Well, I'll have that. Mary, how about you, Mary? Would you like bacon and eggs? Just bring us our orders, Waiter, as quickly as you can. Yes, sir, and I'll seat you at that table over there. That's number one. Table number one? Thank you. Now, Mary, let's look over that list of entries for the next race. I want to see... But...but... Huh? Come here, madam. Me? Yeah. Excuse me, madam Mary. What is it? You going to eat here? Yeah. What table? Table one. Uh-uh. What? Take number nine. Why, what's wrong with table one? Bad position. It's on the rail. Look, number nine is on the outside. You won't get boxed in. Well, look, I'm very happy with table one. Think it over, bud. Number one is a card table. A card table? Yeah, yeah, yeah. It carries too much weight, its legs will fold. Gee, I never thought of that. Now, now look at the breeding on table number nine. The breeding? It's by Bites Eye Maple out of Grand Rapids. Gosh, I didn't even think they knew each other. Get wise, bud. Think it over. Okay, okay, thanks for the tip. Say, Mary, have you decided yet what horse you're going to get? Ladies and gentlemen, as you all know, the last race was a photo finish, but you won't know the results till tomorrow. That's strange. The picture turned out so good that we've decided to show it at your neighborhood theater. Mary, have you figured out yet what horse you're going to get? You're baking eggs already. I put them on table number one. Number one, do you think I'm a sucker? I put it on number nine. Number nine? Yes, number nine. Okay, okay, you make me sick. Well, you're no health resort for me either. Now come on, Mary, when we finish eating, we'll walk around. There are probably a lot of people around here we know. Benita, may I have your pencil? Here you are, Ronnie. I'm so glad you brought me to the races today. This is my first time, you know. Yes, yes, I know. Let's see in this next race. And, darling, did you notice the women most of them are wearing? Some lovely things. Benita, please, please. I'm trying to pick a horse for the next race. But, Ronnie, you don't have to do all that figuring. Why not just bet on the winner? Just bet on the winner? Well, certainly isn't horse racing like wrestling, don't they know ahead of time? I'm afraid now, darling, you see, horse racing is a sport. Wrestling is just something they use to sell television sets. Benita, would you like some coffee? I'm not going into the clubhouse with you carrying that Oscar under your arm. That's just it. We won't have to go to the restaurant for coffee. That's why I brought my Oscar. What?  I made it into a thermos bottle. Darling, you shouldn't have done that. It was quite an honor winning the Academy Award. By the way, what did you think will win this year? Oh, I don't know, Benita. There are so many good ones to choose from. There's Johnny Belinda, Treasurer of Sierra Madre, Hamlet. What about Nightmare Alley? Oh, Nightmare Alley is not a new picture. Oh, it is? No, they took the hornblows at midnight and ran it backwards. I just can't decide on a horse for this next race.  Oh, yeah, yes, yes. He gave me early bird. And he knows horses. Yes, and look, it's a long shot, too. Well, that settles it. That's the horse I'm going to bet on early bird. Good for you. Oh, my, what a big crowd here today. It seems as though every one we... Oh, Ronnie... What is it, Benita? Look to your left, six-hours' over. Who is it? Jack Benita. What?! Do if he sees us. I don't know about you, Benita, but I'm going down to the starting gate and run around the track. Shake hands with your jockey. Well, Benita, are you sure that's Benny? Let's have a look through those field buses. Yes, yes, he's Jack all right. You're looking through the wrong end. I know what I'm doing, darling. It puts him farther away from me. Is Mary with him? I don't know. I just lost him in the crowd. Jack, the next race will be on in a few minutes. Aren't you going to make your bet? Yes, Mary, five bucks on audacious man. Hello, Mr. Benny. Hello, Mary. Hello, Dennis. Dennis, I didn't know you came to the races. Oh, sure. I just cleaned up on a horse in the fourth race. Number 12. Number 12? What was the horse's name? Who cares about his name? It's the number that's important. That's my system. You've, uh... You've got a system? Yeah. Well, Dennis, according to your system, how come you bet on number 12? Well, I took the jockey's weight, which is 105, and then I divided it by three because this is the third month of the year, and that makes 35. Uh-huh. And then I subtracted my age, which is 26, and 26 from 35 leaves nine. Uh-huh. And then I added three and bet on number 12. Wait a minute, Dennis. I followed you all the way down to nine. Why did you add three? How else can you get to 12? You shouldn't be here at all. You don't know anything about horses. Oh, don't be too sure about that, Toots. I know all about races and betting. I follow every race track in the country. Oh, you know all about betting, eh? What's a mutual? That's a network that didn't offer you a job. I didn't think you'd know. Say, Mr. Benny, I meant to tell you, you were sensational on the Ford Theater Friday night. Simply wonderful. Oh, did you hear it, kid? No. Then who told you how good I was? You did. Yes, come on. Let's go over to the $5 window, Mary, and, hey, hey, Mary, look down there. Where? Down that aisle. Isn't that Ronnie and Benita Coleman? Oh, yes. Well, come on, let's go over and talk to them. Jack, they came to the tractor to enjoy themselves, and I'll leave them alone. But, Mary, if they knew I was here and didn't stop to say hello, they'd be heartbroken. Come on, right down this aisle. Gee, Ronnie is handsome. I wonder how I'd look in a mustache. Well, eh, they don't look good on everybody. Now take my sister, Babe. Oh, be quiet. Your sister, Babe. Hello, Benita. Hello, Mary. Hello, Jack. Hi, Ronnie. Look who's here. Hello, Ronnie. Aren't you surprised at meeting me here? Oh, am I?  Well, thank you, Jack. Now don't keep the other 9 to 9 waiting. Oh, I can see them later. Say, Ronnie, what horse are you going to bet on? Have you picked your horse yet for the next race? Yes, Jack. Come here a minute. Huh? Who are you betting on? Early Bird. Uh-uh. What? Early Bird hasn't got a... Jack! Mary, I'm only going to tell him to bet on my horse. Look, Ronnie, forget about Early Bird and put your money on Audacious Man. He'll win by eight lengths.  I'm going to play Early Bird. But look, Ronnie, it's silly to come out here and just bet on any horse, especially after driving six hours to get to the track. Well, in my car, it's 40 minutes. Gee. Look, Ronnie, I've been studying these horses all season. I know what I'm talking about. Audacious Man can't lose. Oh, I'm sorry, Jack, but I'm betting on Early Bird. Well, okay, Ronnie, it's your dough. But don't say I didn't tell you. Oh, horses aren't airing the starting gate. Well, I'm going up the window to make my bet. $5 on the nose. Now, a few girls will excuse me. I'll go up and place my bet, too. Ronnie. Yes, Benita? Get Benny. He's betting $5 on Audacious Man. I know. Well, Ronnie, if Jack bets $5 on a horse, he must know something. No, I don't care. I'm going to stick with Early Bird. But darling, think of it, Jack Benny betting $5. Benita, maybe you're right. I'll take his advice and play Audacious Man. I'll be back. Benita, it's fun coming to the races once in a while, isn't it? Yes, I've enjoyed it tremendously. In fact, Ronnie and I are making a day of it. On the way home, we're stopping off for dinner at the Sportsman's Lodge. The Sportsman's Lodge? Jack is having dinner there, too. Oh, well, please don't mention it in front of Ronnie. I've got my heart set on going. The horses are in the starting gate. Well, I did it, Benita. I bet on Jack's horse. $100 on Audacious Man. Good.  They'll start as soon as they can quiet Autocrat. He's a little fractious. He's dancing around a bit. Whoops, he's backed out of the gate. Now, he's dancing back into the gate. As you know, Autocrat was trained by Arthur Murray. This is exciting. And the early bird is forth and Audacious Man. Come on, come on. Oh, he's coming out of it to you. Third Audacious Man is now forth by half a length. I am, kids. Catch what a second Audacious Man is third in here. What? Jack, do you mean that when you left here, you didn't bet on Audacious Man? No, you talked me out of it.  You did. How could you be so silly? Benita, you shouldn't have done that. He's wearing glasses. The Americans need a $5 million to carry on their fight against the nation's leading cause of death. This money is needed to develop more local heart association, which will serve the community by unifying all local medical, nursing, and welfare services into one effective program. So please send your contributions to your local heart association or the American Heart Association Box 500, New York City. Open your heart. Give to fight heart disease. Thank you. Jack, we'll be back in just a moment. Fine tobacco picks you up when you're low, calms you down when you're tense. Put you on the right level to feel and do your level best. Yes, fine tobacco can do that for you. And that's why it's so important that you select and smoke the cigarette of fine tobacco Lucky Strike. For as every smoker knows, L-S-M-F-T, L-S-M-F-T, Lucky Strike means fine tobacco. No wonder luckies are the overwhelming choice of the tobacco experts. Men who can see the makers of Lucky Strike consistently select and buy that fine, that light, that naturally mild tobacco. So when you choose your cigarette, be sure to make it Lucky Strike and get on the right level, the Lucky Level, where you feel your best and do your best. Yes, the next time you buy cigarettes, ask for a carton of Lucky Strike. Feeling low, feeling tense, these papers are common sense. Only what's the difference if you did lose? We had fun here at the races. I don't mind losing, Benita, but why did I let Benny talk me into betting on his horse? I should have my head examined. And now, come...


have what we call Young Farmers Association, but as you can see, mainly Young Farmers Association, those usually that have the opportunity, like I have the opportunity to be here, I can have links with other organizations and they can take me in. But for those rural youths who are going to help them, who are going to scale up their idea, who are going to help them with the initiatives that they have. So the key message for me today I'm advocating for the rural youth. I think there's need to help these, that certain type of group, there's need for capacity to building, because some of them are already in the farming, but they have lack of market. There's need for linkages and synergies between a farmer and the market. There's also need to access to opportunities. It doesn't mean that when you do not have formal academic background, you are not producing well, so you are not supposed to have other opportunities which academic sectors can have. I think me being here as CACSA can facilitate and help us with this certain type of group by creating synergies and maybe working with universities, because now because of the Education 5.0 we are mainly talking about we also emphasizing on research, innovation and industrialization. But when we work with the universities, it means that during the research time they can go out there and teach the rural farmers, they should be on the ground with the farmers, with the youth on the farmers. Usually in Zimbabwe, we have in my native language, we have what we call Zundera Mambo, and this is an initiative where the traditional village had caused all farmers in the village, they meet, they discuss what's affecting the agriculture sector, their problems, what they are looking for. So I think we can actually have this initiative where we can work with our village head so that they link up with farmers, link up with young farmers, and then we start to help them with initiatives. And we need to look at these youth in the national programs so that they come up with innovative hub and with their indigenous knowledge, other than saying we need data from university, a published paper, because if we do that, we are lacking the youth. We are lacking, and this group is the majority of group which are out there. So I think my key message today is to let us look out for the rural youth. Let's not just have policies or programs which cater for the youth that are privileged. They are brilliant people out there. I'm so lucky to be here, but someone might be very brighter than me, and with a lot of ideas, who is a farmer is missing out on these opportunities. Thank you, over to you. Thank you so much and very true. I think rural youth, marginalized youth, but also indigenous youth, we have not talked about this group are definitely groups that have specific needs as well and also specific difficulties in view of the marginalization in the discussions that we have on both policy but also in the innovation space. So thank you so much for giving us this fantastic example from Zimbabwe what you're doing there. We hope that we can showcase perhaps also your work at the World Food Forum as we have some space for country case studies there. We have also some local chapters on youth in food and agriculture opening up in different countries so I'm sure that this could be a very interesting case for for many to be inspired by and learn from. Yes, we have a hand up, which is great and we have two hands up the three hands up, you have inspired Jessica that's great to see, perhaps go first to Dr. Rajid Naseem online from Pakistan and then sir here in the in the audience but over to you, Dr. Naseem. Thank you very much. Am I audible. Yes, we have we hear you. Okay, thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. I am working as a associate professor and director in the International Center for Climate Change Food Security and Sustainability over here in the Islamic University of Bahá'u'lláh to Pakistan, and also we are the members of Gauksa last year we become the member and I was very much interested to participate physically but due to some reasons I think the Gauksa Fascination Center might have the lot of you can say things that I was unable to make it to be presented physically, but overall I do in those Jessica that we have to have the provide the opportunities to young researchers, young youth, especially students and also we have to keep the you can say opportunity is especially for least develop areas as well as least develop and say countries as well. So we have the consortium on climate change sustainability and conservation over here in Pakistan in which more than 80 universities, research organizations, private sector industries and different types of NGOs are working on climate change, climate smart agriculture or without with us on board and we are really interested to have some practical implementation of all the policies, especially funding opportunities that we have to Gauksa and from this platform I would request to you can say put all the you can say much of the you can say opportunities should be allotted for the least developed areas universities and because I do really agree with the Jessica comments that we have to wrap up perhaps your your comment and and the question to the to the panel that would be great fantastic thank you. Thank you. Just, I will, I will endorse the Jessica that we have to provide the fortunate opportunities to the least developed universities and least developed you can say rural youth. So this is all about from I said, thank you very much. Thank you very much I don't know Jessica if you want to respond or perhaps we go to some of the comments that were here in the room and then a round of response at that point I think I think yes sir you had your hand up also your neighbor I think I didn't handle. I don't know who was first but I saw a lot of hands coming up so that was great great to see. Okay. I'm from Uganda, and I'm from the farmer. First of all, I'm just, I'm sorry, I'm just giving the general comment because I came late and I'm sorry for that. But at least I have struggled and come here and I thank the organizers, because from the plane to here they are for that's why sometimes you see me dosing. Having said so, I'm commenting on innovation and technology. We have a problem. I am a farmer and I have all that experience, and I have been working with my fellow farmers, that when we talk about innovation, we, we talk, we don't talk much about local innovations, and also using indigenous knowledge. And in most, in most cases we just jump on scientific innovations. Therefore, if we don't change that way how we look at things. And we don't promote this local innovation, especially in promoting local innovation and they have worked in Uganda that's why I stick to that. Then, about the use. Also, we have a problem with the, with the use we are talking about the use, but we want to do the use to be inspired and to be interested in farming when they have grown up when they need a university studies. But for me, this is my experience. I grew in the hand of my grandmother, because my mother died when at the age of two, in a very poor family. But because my grandmother was a farmer, I took that inspiration of farming, and the way how they were farming was really fantastic. Therefore, I am, I'm requesting that we started this small children when they are young, and even you people from developed countries, you can do it because I have a colleague in German, but they have a garden like this. They admire about that small garden, but that is that's one because of time I'm just in a brief. Then, sadly, this has I have been talking about this in our country in Uganda, that you, you people, especially the people at the high level, you have left farming to the point vulnerable. Well, as without food, you cannot also survive. Therefore, that's why now agriculture, the farming has become as business as usual. We are talking about how are we promoting farming, how are we promoting agriculture. Power has put so a lot of billions and billions of money, if I did the same thing, and so many other agencies, but it is no change, especially for the poor. I would also request, as we are addressing our culture of farming, that farming in the developed countries has a bit with farming in developing countries, or less developed countries, because for some, for you people in developed countries, you have a lot of incentive, you have a lot of support. Now, for example, I'm also, when I have been looking at it, I have been following Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, the way how they are supporting farming, because maybe they have the resources or I don't know, but at a high tech, therefore, when we are looking at farming, if we want to be successful, we should also try to look, how is the farming in the developed countries, how is the farming in the developed countries, how is the farming in the developed countries, and what can we do. And it is good, you have invited us, people at the grass root to tell you, because some they have been inviting me to different, different meeting at a national, at a higher level. That's what my, that's my contribution. Thank you. Thank you so much. So my comments build exactly on that point. That as we talk about climate change, as we talk about agriculture, as we talk about solutions that we can be delivering. I think we have to be sensitive to the fact that it's not monolithic. Agriculture is a very, very diverse industry, big, small, variety of products that are grown, variety of capacities to produce. And in our messaging, I think it's really important to be talking about opportunities, as opposed to just problems. I heard an opportunity message there that with the right support, developing countries can lift up and become climate smart and help themselves and help the world. And we can have that same type of example everywhere. And for the passion in the room, and I really appreciate the youth coming forward and being involved. I'd urge you to reflect a little bit about the messaging, because the message of hope, and the message of positive successes is a critically important part of the overall message. And it might just be me, but when I listened and saw that video, my takeaway was, it's all broken. I didn't see the successes that are already coming. And when you look at the people in this room, we know that the industry isn't perfect, but there is so much hope and progress and commitment to go forward. And by the help of youth, boy, we can accomplish anything. So I think message is important and communicating ongoing progress in the context of a challenge is something to pay attention to and reflect upon. So thank you. Thank you very much for this comment. Yes, over to you. Thank you, Margaret, but then again from Thailand. Very exciting listening to particularly to Zimbabwe. Curiosity wise, how do you bring the youth in the policymaking process. I am from the public sector. I have a perspective from the private sector. And so, how, how, how do you bring the, the, how youth I heard in policymaking process of the government. How it become legislative. And also, for example, I must share our policies for the youth in Thailand. When the climate smart agriculture was introduced. Everybody's getting to be smart. Right. So we have under the ministry we have these young smart officer. Yes. And also now we have these smart young farmers, and these are being managed by the Ministry of Agriculture by the Department of Agricultural Extension. And so, and so I'm just curious whether your program is being mainstreamed in the public sector so that the policy could could support the youth in your community because I understood that you are from the non-government organization, and I'm from the public sector. And so how, how do we link and how could GATSA help bridge that linkage. Thank you. Thank you very much. Do I see yes one more. And I think with that then we go out to more. Hi, hello. I'm Rajiv Rajiv Pandey from India. And I would like to share how we got into climate smart agriculture and what is the status today. So, it's a small story. And I understand, you know, talking about food and, you know, at the time of lunch, it's a bit difficult for everyone, but so I was part of this anti trafficking project in India in Andhra Pradesh in 2006, 2007, where I realized that, you know, talking about anti trafficking is not the only thing which which could have been done there. So I realized that, you know, we need to get into the root cause of the problem. And we realized that that region is, you know, rain deficient, and there is very little rainfall. And because of which a lot of human trafficking at the same time, you know, migration was also happening to the nearby towns and the, you know, metropolitan cities. So when I discussed it with the local community there, we realized that, you know, people are migrating because there is no food. So food was the root cause and no food and no work. And that's why all the problem was happening. So, we started working on it. And we realized that, you know, millets are suitable for that region, because it takes very little water to grow, and very little input cost. So no chemical input in the crop and farmers can, you know, earn a good amount of money from that. So and we also realized that the last successful crop was in 1985. They started growing ground nuts. So we started with five farmers and today we have more than 10,000 farmers with us who are growing millets and successfully growing millets. So we did, you know, meeting with farmers and training and capacity building. And we also did revival of, you know, old and ancient tools which were used for, you know, weeding and other things. We also created a seed bank there. And we, when we realized that farmers have started growing and there is no, you know, processing centers and markets. So we motivated youth, their local youths to set up the processing plants. So that was on a, you know, involving the private sector there. So they started, you know, doing the primary processing and after that, we started linking them with the market. But the market was not mature for millets. So then we, in 2016, we set up this company, Millets for Health, which started marketing it with the end user. So the consumers. So we created a brand and then the, you know, we started working with, you know, end users and we also did training on how to cook with millets. So that created the entire value chain of the millets. And today, there are a lot of people who are, you know, using millets in India and abroad. We also focused on local consumption within farmer communities and good food ingredients for the urban poor as well. So because we realized that, you know, the urban poor is taking the hit and they don't have a very good health index. So we started working with them. We launched a project called Ghar Ghar Potion, which is a nutrition at every household. So we started working with mothers, you know, training them on innovative recipes and so our initiative is, you know, from farm to tummy. So we entered into each and every value chain of the ecosystem.  So that is all from my side. And at last, you know, we also believe in, you know, farmers don't need our sympathy. They need our respect and we owe them that respect. Thank you. Thank you so much, sir. And we have one last question here and then we go back to the speakers from before, but yeah. Thank you very much. So I'm Francesco from SLI 2030, which is a new member of DAXA. We are an organization that acts as an officer and connector among the stakeholders of the rise of sectors. And we have a global approach as we coordinate a network in over 60 countries, but we have a narrow focus on one specific archaeological and climate smart approach, which is the system of price intensification. So I, I wanted to ask Jessica about what actually was driving the commitment of Zimbabwe government. And I think it's important to understand the climate smart agriculture, but before that I also would like to reflect a moment on the fact that we are stating how country led transition country led actions are key to achieve transition. And I think it connects very well with what was mentioned by our colleague from iFAT, about the lack of investment on dissemination as well as the engagement with country based organization. To achieve what Cristina was mentioning about merging technologies dissemination and training. Yeah, sorry. I think today we are in an optimal situation because we cannot really be satisfied with COP recognizing more and more the role of agriculture, but we would like countries to commit more in their national and national contribution with more like bold commitment to implement climate smart agriculture. So I said today is a good moment because NDCs are being reviewed and by 2025 they should be sub-divided again. So I also would like to know as a new member of GAXA, if GAXA is planning to work together with national government and with all the stakeholders, private sector, public sector, who is needed to contribute to this transition to actually support countries in committing in implementing climate smart agriculture in their NDCs as well as with the implementation phase of their NDCs. Thank you very much. Thank you so much. And with that, I hand over to Jessica perhaps first and then also the other speakers for any comments and responses. Jessica, over to you. Thank you so much. I would like to answer you first. When you say what moved the government of Zimbabwe to adopt the CSA strategy. Our country is an agriculture country. And due to climate change, we have been having a lot of drought periods here. But with the NGOs coming in, they were teaching, they were bringing in technology on how to use conservation agriculture. And from that we discovered that the government discovered that there were a lot of success stories, especially in region four and five in Zimbabwe. You can't grow maize in that area. But through conservation agriculture, when we were told that you have to tell the minimum tillage cover crops, so moisture conservation, we noticed that those areas were now harvesting more than they used to do. So, because of that, the government saw a lot of success stories in 2013 hours at international crop Institute for the research would travel to different regions as assessing the project which we implemented. And because when an NGO enters a country, it doesn't work on its standalone, it also work with extension officers, and these extension officers will go back and report the success stories that are happening in the country. And that's why the government of Zimbabwe was motivated to adopt this new technology and now they are now also embracing agroecology regenerative farming. And they have now and with conservation agriculture in our native language, they call it from Buddha. So when you tell someone that we are doing from Buddha, that person is likely to adopt it more because it's in the language that he or she thinks is very good for it doesn't think that someone is coming and giving me this that I don't know, but they feel like they are the owners of the initiative. Thank you. Yes. Yeah, and your question. Our government has a minister of youth. So, when we have a minister of youth, we can register our youth organizations through that. So when you register your organization, it's easier for you to log in ideas. You want what you think would want through that ministry and we get you presented through that ministry and our minister of agriculture, land agriculture, water and climate and raw settlement have actually also have a youth desk, where you can go and launch if it's a problem if it's help if it's need. And then at least you'll be helped in the language you have got different language you be helped in the language that you feel best that you, you can know. So, for government to appreciate that when you work with youth organizations that are registered, you will be called when they are when they are called for policymaking I remember in 2021. The Glasgow cop. We, there was a youth group Africa youth initiative for climate change. It traveled the whole country, engaging youth, asking what you need to be represented at the cop, and we made a one document, which was presented at cop at Glasgow. Thank you so much. I'm looking at the other presenters if there's any comments or responses from their side at this point. Any other burning questions otherwise. I know that there are only two more elements that are holding you from going to lunch. And it is promised it's very short. This is going to be led, and also entirely, it was entirely done I was not involved in in any of that by the young colleagues, Anna and let's see so we're sitting next to me. And before we are going to that. We have one extraordinary example of how to perhaps also change a bit the communication we do with youth. As I think I heard before, we have great solutions out there. What if imagine what we could do if we could motivate youth to get on board, work with us on make and make this happen. So, this particular individual is doing that he's communicating with a completely different way he's a young 20 year old poet who has last year at the World Food Forum been giving his a poem for the for the World Food Forum and he's from Lagos, Nigeria, and I think we have a small video that we can show about his wonderful point that he did there. While the technicians are doing this up I think it is this this the change of how we are how we work and talk with young people, rather than about young people I think that is something that we are in the learning process in many ways but that all our institutions really need to think about when we want to have the kind of engagement that you're suggesting. And I think this is being done much easier perhaps at the country level at the field level where you are directly working with the young farmers family farmers with those who have the indigenous knowledge indigenous solutions and so on. It is much more complicated sometimes at the regional at the national sub perhaps even as well unless there is a Ministry of Youth that can facilitate. Even at the national level can be difficult at the at the regional at the global level it is really difficult to to facilitate that kind of dialogue so here the communication on both sides perhaps needs to adjust a bit but what we really need to learn as in global institutions is how can we better make sure that it's understood is the video coming yeah. And then I stopped and stopped talking then I tried to bridge here to the video okay and here much more important victory FAO director general distinguished guest and all of humankind. The planet's one plan for sustainability to militate against hunger pains and humanity. The trail of human misery and degradation makes a war of starvation linger upon this generation. Not of machine guns but intestinal sounds not of bullet wounds but soft from belly punks not of rubble but stomachs rumbling and ironicals on spoken grief with definite silence. We lavish on war yet the post tried to eat some wasting away with my nutrition order shockily overweight we are trapped in this cycle of unrighteous anger blotted out by the pangs of emptiness and perils of anger. If this visual cycle of poverty prevails a blooming economy will soon become still we are destroying our land that produces food for all then throwing it away as if it's never existed at all. If the system designed for maximum production is broken how do we get quality over quantity of what's edible. The nitty gritty of human survival is good nutrition. Strengthened by the arms of sustainable agriculture to thrive from dawn to dusk with ecstatic satisfaction that nourishes the body with vitamins for action. So everyone should learn and earn without inferiority in pursuit of sustainance equality is a priority. What's good is food availability if it is void of accessibility. What essence is it to bank on good nutrition if we've got to break a bank. The worst thing about anger isn't just the rippling effects of war the politics or outbreak of disease but the silence we do not resist. So let's take the weight off our shoulders to prepare the feast that brings us together. To eliminate deficiencies in the land of milk and honey is to give up exchanger resources for a penny. The earth is warming, oceans are rising, creatures must thrive and humans must keep on living. Our world is so concerned with economic numbers yet grapples to solve the puzzle of world anger. So let's take the weight off our shoulders to prepare the feast that brings us together by stretching forth our arms towards our mandate of what at stake with no food going to waste. When all of heaven is filled with cloud terrain, if the universe isn't the barrel of hurricane, streaks of bliss will surely blow some on our ecosystem till the crust of drought flourishes with food system. So let's take the driver's seat on the wheel of production till earth's vegetation sprouts diversification. If food security is our priority against instability, productivity is a recovery opportunity from calamity. One planet, one plan, year is food for thought. No more empty talk that doesn't reduce food loss. Youthful will power is the strength of transformation, creatively propelled by inclusive contribution. Young stars should thrive innovatively in the sand of time to erect the building blocks of change for a lifetime. And if we genuinely live with a healthy diet, then we can't die yet. Thank you. Thank you, Victory. And with that, immediately I'm going over here to my colleagues Anna and Leticia and perhaps before we are going to this is an interactive part. So we really want you to start the discussion that you will hopefully have over lunch perhaps after this session. And with that, if you get a little bit up out of your chairs and take your mobile phone away for the next three and a half minutes that we have this exercise. And perhaps also the young colleagues were hiding behind the, the screen here if you can also come in for that. I think, yeah, over to you guys. And thanks a lot. Thank you, guys. Now that we've warmed up and have some discussion we want to do some popcorn brainstorming. So please propose a topic and those who raise your hands, you will have one minute. So please, we don't have that much time to try to be concise proposed concrete actions and try to stick to one minute as much as you can. The first topic we want to bring to the table is, how can youth be more involved in global alliance for climate smart agriculture and climate smart agriculture in general. So let's start the conversation. Abdullah, thank you. Thank you for giving me the floor but the time is constrained so I would stick to the point. So, you would have been given the chance to represent in different events different events but one thing we now need is local action. In local action we have to more focus on community based project where youth will go to their community, find out the problems, we know already problem climate change but it's not that simple it's complex, based on different countries different cities. So you will go to their community, and find out the problem to solution so sometimes solutions can be very simple. You are very enthusiastic and they are. They can bring out solutions that won't need a lot of money so it can be we promote climate information service just giving farmers a call or SMS. So it's that simple to warn them about upcoming climatic hazard or events and there is another thing I would like to propose that is establishing youth advisory committee in different activities so I think that's very crucial to give you the proper flow not acting, as a proper partners in your activities. If you give them opportunity to advise you. Maybe it will provide us when will be old, a good future. So thank you. Thank you Abdullah. Please try to stick to one minute everyone. We are now going to give the floor to Francesco. Francesco from the World Farmers Organization. Just one single suggestion on our side. We must sort of change the paradigm. We must instead of trying to to sort of impose the top down solutions and see if they work for you. Let's go to the field. Let's go ask the youth what their needs are the young farmers what their needs are what their expectations are. What do they mean by climate smart agriculture instead of imposing a definition with some time is not clear to us and I guess not evenly to people working on the field. And let's build the definition starting from, from a consultation with youth and young farmers. Thank you so much. Thank you Francesco for that brief statement we're now going to give the floor to the young man. I'm Rajiv. I'm Rajiv Pandey. I would just say, let's make it lucrative for youth. They will come. Thank you for that brief statement. I'm going to now give the floor. Hi, my name is Allison chocolate or John and from Cornell University. I would suggest or recommend strongly that we reach out to current youth agriculture organizations in the United States we have for age. It's established around the world. We also have future farmers of America. We also, I don't, I think it's established globally. It would be great to go to them and ask them to get involved with climate smart agriculture. Thank you very much for that contribution. Yeah, thank you very much. I might add it's okay from Nigeria. The first thing which I propose is the introduction of a good policy. That we have smart agriculture in each of the countries. There's a gap between the policy and the farmers, the policy orders. So they need to promote a policy that will force that will forcefully allow farmers to work on smart culture. Another aspect is a station services. The station services have to be streamlined in terms of dissemination of information of the new technology in most of the cultural practices, and the farmers need to document what they are doing. So the case studies whereby can be replicated and government can also going to provide the enable environment by funding the station services so that the information can go around the farmers can able to adopt it. Then the youth can also key into a culture. Thank you very much. Thank you very much for everyone that engaged. We love to see that you're so interesting in having this debate with us. And our final question before we all live to lunch. So we can have a further brainstorming on the topic. It's what concrete actions can your organization institution government and entity do and, in fact, to involve youth more effectively. We can start break the silence. It's becoming very concrete. So it's going to be more difficult to talk. It's always, but I see some open. Yes, please. Hi everyone. Hello, this is Julia from the word farmers organization. Just to say that, for example, we have a capacity building program on young farmers which is called the gymnasium and you're going to talk about it more tomorrow. So we are having our general assembly in a few weeks in South Africa, hosted by one of our members organization, and we will have consultation about kind of smart agriculture as well. We specifically participate participation from youth young farmers from all across the world, and we will make sure that their voices will be mainstream throughout our general assembly. Thank you. Thank you so much Julia. Now I hand the floor over to you. Hello, don't forget they have been hands online. Online audience. So, for, you know, for every country. So we are either the next generation we need to involve them in the agriculture activity. So as you know the now the young generation they don't want to work with every country sectors. Because therefore we need to encourage them to attend the agricultural activity. So I think that we need to to create enabling environment for the young people and young farmer to involves in the agricultural activity. The first thing is very important. The second thing is we need to set up the some star start up program. So this program in the involves the young farmer young people to to to to to agricultural activities. And then I think that we need to conduct capacity building program and also the sharing the technology and the knowledge for the young people and then they can support them to to to do the agricultural activities. Of course, we need to have a policy and strategy to promote young generation to attend in the country activity. Okay, thank you. Thank you so much for your contribution. I think we're kind of running a bit out of time. No, thank you so much for for this we would have liked to have much more time for the brainstorming exercise but I think it shows the rich discussion about these the importance as well of youth inclusion in agricultural activities and climate smart agriculture. In the end we're talking about 50%, but depending on statistics that that are being taken 50% of the world population is youth. Some, some are putting the age level a little bit higher which I'm always in favor of, but the, the, what, what we also see is that if you look at the less than 18 year olds, 85% live in developing countries, so the inclusion of youth in developing countries in particular is a question as the title suggests of the future for for the country so how we are systematically involving youth is definitely something that beyond the session I hope Gaxa is going to discuss and I'm sure with fans, you will have these discussions for sure on the agenda. And that leaves me to invite you once again. I hope to see all of you as individual Gaxa members but also as as a, and as a network at the World Food Forum in October.  Thank you so much. Youth Team Kazuki and your team for the excellent session. It was lively. There were more requests for the one minute pitch. But it shows the interest the youth has in becoming an active or being an active member of Gaxa. And invite everybody to join the World Food Forum in October. Certainly, the Alliance will be active there. And based on the remarks made we have to see how we can involve you more in the work of Gaxa. Thank you so much. Give him again a big applause. I think we have had an excellent morning. We are a little bit over time, but I think it's now time for to look for internal food security to relax a little bit. And come back at 230 sharp in this room because then we go to the action to the action groups with Allison Ernie and Rosa Maria Rosa. I was to name says they will lead us into the action. Have a very good lunch. And for those who are not familiar in this building, I would say go to the eighth floor. Because there you have different possibilities for lunch. And one thing is, you have the most beautiful view of Rome, and it's already appetizer for the reception this evening. So have a very good lunch. Thank you so much. We see each other at two o'clock sharp back in this room. Thank you.


Rwy'n dechrau. I'm a network engineer, service support guide by trade. I've spent quite a few years in that line of work. These days I sell electronic kits for a living. It's a bit of a jump. But I'm just going to go over some of the considerations, some of the choices I made. There's pros and cons, there's pitfalls you can fall into. But essentially, yes, this is some of the things that you can use to turn your hobby project into money now. Has anyone here ever designed any projects themselves? Great, in that case I can skip over number one, so you've all designed something. A lot of people are likely to say to you, hey, that's great. I like your widget, whatever it is. You could sell that. Of course you could, anyone could. Whether you can sell it for a living, whether you can make money out of it, whether you even want to, whether you just want to do it for the credit, for giving it back to the community or whatever, that's fine. But if you've got to pay a mortgage, if you've got cats to feed, etc., you're going to have to make a little bit of profit at the end of the day. So how do we get from that particular bull there? That was my RC 2014 Z80 computer in its very earliest iteration before it became the kit that now pays my mortgage and feeds my cats. So it's this time. There's quite a few things to think about if you are going down the route of starting a business. Do you want to be a sole trader? Do you want to be a limited company? Are you going into partnership with anyone else? As to what works for you, it's different for everyone. So personally I've gone down the limited company route. That also means things like I've got an accountant, I've got a trademark for my RC 2014 van and stuff like that. So there are implications there that you might want to look at which might suit what your widget does. It might not, you might look at it yourself. I'm not worried about a trademark, I don't need an accountant, I'm only doing it part-time or whatever. So these aren't a list of everything you have to do, but it's things worth looking at. Getting business insurance is worth looking into. Things like premises, are you able to work from home? Can you build your kits or whatever on a kitchen table? Do you need more space if you've got to go and hire a unit? Have you got to get an office? I'm lucky enough that I can dedicate a spare bedroom and a garage to the kits which I make. It's taken over the house a fair bit, but at the moment, I don't have to look at commercial properties, but that's a whole new consideration to look into for some people. You want to look at things like getting a business bank account and stuff like that as well, and setting up a PayPal business bank account because PayPal doesn't like you using your personal account for business stuff. So this is even before we've ever sold any of our kits. You still need to look at all of these kind of things. You've probably got to put some money into it as well. Now, whether you've got a whole load of money in the bank that you can support yourself while you build the company or do you need to take out a loan for it, there are angel investors out there for startup companies that will want a chunk of your company in return for putting some money into it. So there's a few different ways for you to finance it. I personally took the bootstrapping approach whereby I sold only a very, very few boards, first of all, which meant I had a very minimal investment. I sold a few boards, I got some money in from that. That allowed me to buy a few more boards. That got me some more money. I could then start buying components and building up from there. So my initial investment was probably 50 quid for PCBs. So it's not a huge investment. Depending on what kind of device you're wondering about making, you might need to stump up money for tooling, for jigs or whatever. So you might need to look at funding it a little bit differently. Now, when you come in to sell it, where are you going to sell it? Now, there's obviously lots of places you can sell stuff online. If you could be hosting your own website, that's a whole route to go down in terms of are you a website builder? Do you want to maintain all the security stuff like that? Or do you want to use someone else's website? As you can tell by the t-shirt, I sell through Tindi. So if you go on to Tindi, you can find my kits on there. For me, that takes out all the hassle of running a web store. They sort out all the invoisting, they do the payment. I get delivery notes that I just need to print out. So all of that stuff is taken care of, which is great. You could also do similar things via eBay, via Etsy, various Shopify-type accounts, stuff like that. Or if you're looking at, it could be the thing you're wanting to sell, you actually want a high-speed store. So maybe you're looking at business premises with a shop front. Or you go around to trade events selling make affairs or selling through other types of direct interaction with people. In terms of getting yourself set up, you've also got to look at the marketing side of things. Now, one of the things that I notice with just about every other company I work for is the marketing team is always the enemies of the engineers. They're always coming up with all these ideas, we do this, that and the other. And the engineers are like, oh no, we want to do this, we'll just make stuff.  So you've got to start looking at things like promoting your social media brand, coming up with logos, doing all that stuff which may not be the sort of thing that engineers necessarily want to do. So you've got to get all of your promotional stuff, all ready to go so that people can find you. If people can't find your kids, if they've never heard of you, they're not going to buy them.  So come to the pricing. Now, if you spend now £10 on a bunch of components make-up old, you can sell that for £10. Anyone could sell at cost price. But that's not going to pay the mortgage. That's not going to keep you going, keep you developing more stuff. So you need to look at what the realistic markup is. Now, typically the rule of thumb is two and a half times the cost of your bomb. So if all the parts cost you £10, sell it for £25. That's going to be in the kind of ballpark that will cover some of your losses. There's going to be some components that you get, which don't make it into production. I get a lot of connectors from China. Some of those haven't got all night pins in them or whatever. So you've got some stock right off. You've got to build your prototypes. You've got to go through iterations of stuff. So that two and a half times the cost of your bomb comes out to amortise some of what you're spending on all the other parts of it. And there's also things like the quantity discount. If you buy one chip or you buy 1,000 chips, all the cost for 1,000 is a lot cheaper per chip. But initially, from day one, I wasn't looking at buying 1,000 Z80C per use. That was a ridiculous number. I was buying five at a time. So I based my prices on relatively low quantities of stuff with some of the things I'm buying now. I'm buying a few mills of capacitors with 3,000 capacitors at a time. They work out way cheaper than the initial ones when I was buying them 50 at a time. So you need to look at things like that. I've gone on their currency fluctuations as well. Things like PCBs come from China. So the price of those will vary according to the pound against the dollar. Also, because I sell through Tindi. Tindi's an American website. So I sell in US dollars. That means that the price that I actually sell my kits for, it's not the same price today as it is tomorrow or yesterday because fluctuation. So you need to look at that, build those kind of equations into your margin so that you don't price it at the cheapest price you possibly can and then find there's a different fluctuation in your losing money. So it's worth taking into account. Then you've got to start to produce your kits or your product in terms of buying a stock. Depending what is your buying, some things are next day delivery. Other things might take three, four weeks, six weeks, even longer for some more specialised chips. So you need to take your older times into account. You've got to pay for the goods up front as a general rule. So before you can actually sell the kits, you've got to buy all the components. You've got to store the components. So that's a picture there. I've got rows and rows of tubes full of chips and chips and sockets. So there's probably 2,500-3,000 pounds worth of chips there that takes up quite a big chunk of space. So you need to look at, can you dedicate the space and the money to get yourself set up for that? Are you making a product which needs to be assembled? Have you got to solder it yourself? Are you sending it out to manufacturers for them to solder? So you need to look at that kind of things or building up the kits. Are you going to sit around a kitchen table on a Sunday night, putting components in bags? Or are you going to get that done in China? Are you going to piece Mealy out to other people to do? So that's something worth considering there. So assuming that you've got all your marketing right, you've got your pricing rights, you produce your kits, but once you've sold them, it's like, great. I've sold a kit, now I've got to ship it. Again, there's more to consider there like the packaging. One of the things I discovered fairly early on is that the Royal Mail has the large letter size. If you can keep your packaging to within 25 millimetres, that goes as a large letter. If this box was three or four millimetres higher, that's a parcel and that costs a lot more to post. So you want to make sure that you get your packaging down to the minimum size that you can, bearing in mind you've got to have suitable the packaging to protect your components. That could be bubble wrap, it could be ESD bags for ships or whatever. So you need to consider your packaging and the cost of postage, particularly if you're shipping around the world. It does cost a lot of money to send to some countries, other countries not quite so much, so that's something else to take into account. Of course, you've got to get the money now. Are you selling that to make affair with people who are headed over cash to you, in which case you've got to get yourself set up to be able to deal with cash, or take your PayPal. As I mentioned earlier, setting up a PayPal business account is relatively straightforward. There are PayPal devices which take credit cards now, and it's actually quite straightforward. So if you do sell through make affairs or whatever, and people want to pay by credit card, that's fairly easy to do. If you're looking at selling it to bigger customers, they might be wanting to do bank transfer. So you need to look at that, sign of things. Once you've sold it, and all your customers have got your product in their hands, it's like, great, great, that's not the end of it. You've got to offer support. The instructions of documentation is a big, big thing. I know mine is far from perfect, but there's a lot worse out there, that's for sure.  Even with all of that, you will still get customers that buy your kit, buy your product, put it all together, it doesn't work. Have they tried this, have they tried that? You've got to hold their hand, take them through a few steps. So all of that is some of your time that you could be selling other stuff, but you've got to spend your time on supporting the people that you've sold your kits to. I think some people, they only want to get in contact with you via Twitter or via email. I use Google groups a lot as well, but there's a lot of different ways that you've got to be ready for your customers to talk to you as they want to and need to. You will sometimes get customers which just aren't happy with a product or for whatever reason they need a refund or there's, you know, kits do get lost in a post. As a general rule, I've found the voile mail really good, only a few packages go missing, but that's still a few packages that if you're selling your 10 pound kit for 10 pound, well you've lost 10 pounds there, that's why you need the markup to cover those odd losses. And as far as it goes, it's a no point if a customer comes to you and says, oh, this package didn't turn up. There's really no point arguing and fighting with them and saying, oh, I think it did, I'm not going to send you another one. No, just if your price is okay to start with, you say, okay, it didn't turn up, there you go. There's a replacement, job done, happy customer, makes life a lot easier.


So a picture is a face that can launch a thousand ships, or something like that. Anyway, in mathematics, when we talk about pictures, we're really talking about graphs. So let's see what we can do about graphing with asymptotes. So remember that the graph of an equation consists of all points x, y that satisfy the equation. Suppose we do all of this work, and we find that y equals k is a horizontal asymptote, and x equals h is a vertical asymptote. Remember this means that as x goes to plus or minus infinity, y goes to k, and as y goes to plus or minus infinity, x goes to h. What this means is that if we look at the points on the graph, the points to the far, far, far, far, far, far, far right or left, x going to plus or minus infinity, will have y values close to k. And likewise, the points high, high, high, up or way, way down, y going to plus or minus infinity, will have x values close to h. And something happens near the origin as well, but we might not care about it. To use a phrase that I personally detest, we might only care about the big picture. And that's really what asymptotes are all about. Because we're looking at things that happen as x goes to plus or minus infinity, or as y goes to plus or minus infinity, this is the ultimate big picture. So let's use our end behavior to sketch the graph of y equals 1 over x minus 3. And that means we'll want to find the horizontal and vertical asymptotes. So let's find the horizontal asymptotes first. For 1 over x minus 3, as x goes to infinity, we can think about x as a large positive number. Then x minus 3 will be a large positive number. So 1 over x minus 3 will be a small positive number. And so we say that 1 over x minus 3 goes to 0. Equals means replaceable, so we can say that y goes to 0. Now the correct statement of the asymptote is y equals 0. The equation of the asymptote requires a specific real number. But when graphing, it helps to have a little bit more detail. Remember that 1 over x minus 3 will be a small positive number. And we might represent this using our superscript notation, 0 plus. Again, equals means replaceable, so that means that y is going to 0 plus. And so we might consider the following for the point x, y on the graph, as x goes to infinity, y goes to a number slightly more than 0. So x, y will be very far to the right and slightly above the x-axis. And so we might draw that portion of the graph like this. First, let's draw our horizontal asymptote, y equals 0. Since the asymptote is not actually part of the graph, we'll use dashed lines to indicate it. Then we'll go to the far, far, far, far right, but stay slightly above the x-axis.  That's to say a number slightly less than 0. As an asymptote, we don't care about slightly more or slightly less, so 1 over x minus 3 will still go to 0. And so 0 is an asymptote whether x goes to plus or minus infinity. But again, it's helpful to think about this asymptote as indicating that y goes to 0 slightly less, so that for a point x, y on the graph, as x goes to minus infinity, y goes to a number slightly less than 0, so the point x, y will be very far to the left and slightly below the x-axis. So again, as we go to the far, far, far, far, far, far left, we should get close to the x-axis but stay slightly below it. Now we can't reduce 1 over x minus 3 any further, so that means we'll have a vertical asymptote at x equals 3. And let's draw this vertical asymptote in. Since this is not part of the graph, we'll use a set of dashed lines. And we'll see what happens as x gets close to 3 from below and x gets close to 3 from above. So as x gets close to 3 from below, x is a number slightly less than 3, then x minus 3 will be slightly less than 0. So 1 over x minus 3 will go to minus infinity, and that's because we're dividing 1 by a small negative number. Equals means replaceable, so as x gets close to 3 from below, y goes to minus infinity. As x gets close to 3 but stays slightly more, x minus 3 will be slightly more than 0, and 1 over x minus 3 will go to positive infinity. Again, that's because we're dividing 1 by a small positive number, and we should get a large positive number as the result. And again, equals means replaceable, and if it's not written down, it didn't happen. As x gets close to 3 from above, y goes to infinity. So for points x, y on the graph, as x gets close to 3 from below, y goes to minus infinity, so if x, y is very far down, x is slightly less than 3. So if we follow our points on the graph, as x gets close to 3 but stays slightly less than 3, our points go way, way, way, way down. Also, as x gets close to 3 from above, y goes to positive infinity, so if x, y is very far up, x is slightly more than 3. And if we follow the points on the graph, as x gets close to 3 but stays a little bit more than 3, our y values go to infinity.