Hi, this is your host up in Bhartiya and welcome to another episode of TFR newsroom and today we have with us Ali Eleanor Go phone of Tommy jar. Lee is great to have you on the show. Thank you for having me and today They are so much to discuss first of all congratulations for the series a of 25 million Ron and then of course Beta release of test containers allowed So there are a lot of things to talk about and I have to struggle what to talk about first So I'll leave it to you. What do you want to discuss first? The test containers cloud or the the funding round? I'm happy to discuss both. I think I'm most excited about the product So I'm let's go and talk about the product first. Happy to talk about the funding as well Talk a bit about the test containers cloud what it is and why are you launching it? What problem is going to solve for the for the industry test containers cloud is a is a product That makes it easier for folks to do testing to do Developers to do testing test containers as a technology has been around since 2015 Test containers allows folks to do developers to do testing with real dependencies So up until now you could do unit tests. You can do integration tests integration tests required an environment This test containers what you do is you write a unit test, but you write a unit test with real dependencies So you can say hey, let's run my unit test But run this unit test this Kafka this postgres There's whatever other dependencies and what it would do is what it would launch those dependencies for you Run your test against them and when you're done, it will it all of this will disappear This allows developers to write self-contained tests It allows developers to run tests that don't require a central environment It allows developers to be a lot more effective What we've done this test containers cloud as we said, okay, great test containers open source is very very popular What we're gonna do is we're gonna allow folks to run those those dependencies not just on the local machine, but on the public cloud and benefit from the scalability from Reproducibility from the fact that you can now have the same outcome of your tests whether you're running it as an individual developer or as In a whole team, let's start with Some of the features also unit testing, you know, it's something which is like kind of crowded a space there are other players Also, they're offering so talk a bit about what is unique about test containers cloud You did touch upon that and then we'll also talk about The beta phase. So I think in our case, there is lots of testing solutions out there in the market We specifically focus on developer led testing. So we we truly believe that You know the testing is something developers do every day They do it as part of their inner development cycle So this is before they deploy anywhere and we strictly focus on that particular niche How do we make it simple for developers to do better testing when they're writing code? right, and that is that is an incredibly powerful and incredibly Useful for developers, right? So lots of other tools that look at end-to-end testing that look at Environments and other things we say hey, let's go and empower developers with better tools to do better testing inside of the inner development cycle And of course it can be used in other ways and people use it in a whole bunch of creative ways But their focus specifically right now is to enable developers to do better testing I also want to talk about something which is contemporary, which is you're seeing in the market a lot of layoffs are happening In an industry which also means that you know teams are becoming smaller Actually, I feel that this might be a good thing because a big company They used to you know suck up all the talents and we used to cover stories about big gap in supply and demand of a skill Folks or now there will be a skill folks But talk a bit about how does test containers cloud kind of makes teams more efficient so that you know once again The teams are becoming more and more, you know, it's less about cost cutting. It's more about becoming more efficient Absolutely, so maybe I'll cover a couple of things have agreed in terms of current dynamics in the market You know lots of lots of companies are reducing their workforce and are looking for their developers to be more effective And this is where test containers comes in and that that's where test containers cloud comes in, right? So if you're seeing lots of folks who come to us Looking through this lens But maybe not just looking through the lens of efficiency We can look through the lens through the lens of satisfaction for the developer So if you think about the developer, right one of the things that motivates them is being productive and being effective What frustrates developers more is sitting and waiting for something to finish for the test switch to finish for an environment to be to be available developers love this this feeling of productivity of actually Developing code seeing it in In reality and being able to iterate as quickly as possible This test containers here able to do it and this test containers cloud You're able to leverage the power of the cloud to do it even more effectively So yes, it's it's a productivity tool. Yes, it allows you to be more productive But also it actually affects developer developer satisfaction But we're what we are hearing from from the folks who use us is they love this this this feeling of You know, I'm able to do a lot more with what I was what I have. I'm able to do it in Isolation, I'm able to reproduce it. I'm able to like it's It's hugely empowering for the developer since it's available in public beta Talk a bit about when do you envision that the final no general availability will be there? What kind of feedback you're looking through the beta phase and Last will be who can access it and who would you consider to be the ideal candidate for this beta phase? So first of all the beta is available for everyone You can go to test containers the cloud click the button and you will be able to run this test containers cloud in less than five minutes We specifically made sure that anyone can go in and and get going with it right now It's also absolutely free will not stay free forever Though you know, we still have to make a commercial Business out of this, but we're very excited where we are today in terms of who is it for? It's for any team that is looking to get more productive. It is right now People who would find the most use out of it as our folks who already are using test containers But we're seeing teams from all from from companies that don't use test containers come to us and want to learn and we're excited to talk to those folks we're excited to Show them the power that it enables them to have and to do demos and do and and and really Show them what can be achieved through the power of this technology I want to quickly talk a bit about the larger picture when we look at because you know, we're talking developers We kind of live in a world of DevOps developer depending on the labels that people like to slap, but you know internally the chemistry is a different Where do test containers fit into the larger Observability observability story where you know, of course ability come at a later phase You know when you have a very clear picture of but then we talk about SREs and chaos injuring But the thing is everything works together. So talk a bit about how does that fit into that larger picture? How does it help enables team, you know that things are you know fine tuned from the very beginning Maybe I'll tackle it from a slightly different angle, right what we've seen in the industry We've seen a lot of tools that say hey look we're gonna start with tools that were written for operators And we're gonna make them easier to use for developers, right? And you're seeing things like ephemeral environments. You're seeing things like, you know making more Operational tools better for developers The approach this from a slightly different angle They say hey, let's start from the tools that developers use today Developers use their IDEs Developers use their their right code. Let's actually give them more power more power in the In the medium that they're used to consuming it. So no longer do you need to you know, go and learn how to do YAML files or how to do Configure environments, we're gonna make it super simple for you to get the same benefits But without leaving your IDE and that's incredibly powerful, right? And of course observability comes it comes into the picture slightly later in the in the cycle and we're gonna go there Down the line right now. We're strictly focusing on the niche use case Which we actually find extremely powerful and we find that it delivers a ton of value for developers The value we are creating is through that unique value that our application is offering not maintaining and managing Yes, that is important. So talk a bit about what kind of culture shift you are seeing This is a borrowed question there from the developers movement perspective where you do see hey developers do need to We are seeing burnout is happening and then just you know a lot of so talk a bit about does this question make sense? That we should focus on developers experience as well. Absolutely. So the fact like this is very very core to our being right? VC developer being in the flow being so so important Right because development is a discipline is very different from others. It's very important like any disruption any delay any Anything that takes you away from that flow is is taking away from your productivity, and it's not linear and This is actually what what motivates us to build the commercial product that we're building Because what what the commercial product allows you to do is it allows you to paralyze lots of things So even when you're waiting for your test results as opposed to waiting for them to execute sequentially We can give you lots of resources that are available on the public cloud that those can run much much faster and you can get faster Faster feedback cycles and it's very core to staying in the state of flow right And you talk about developers being artists. They are but it's very But the artists are not just there for for for the artistic element of this. They're also incredibly motivated by You know outcomes and the outcomes that they're able to do and impact on the world the faster We're able to to allow them to iterate the faster They can they can learn the faster They can learn from their applications and their users and the faster the applications of their building can evolve This is all core core core to what any company is looking for and what we're super excited to help companies with No, let's just go back to test containers cloud and talk a bit about first of all you're in the beta phase What kind of use cases you're seeing there if you have visibility into those users or What are the use cases that you see will be ideal for test containers cloud? Awesome, we're seeing we're seeing a whole bunch of uses of test containers cloud through the spectrum Right, so we see small companies out there or individual freelancers that are trying at test containers cloud We're seeing huge companies out there Who use test containers cloud and who use it to? Really standardize and really be able to use test containers effectively at scale So those are the two if you're seeing people use it both in their desktop scenarios So people who are going and using test containers cloud to standardize how their team does test containers, right? So if one person on the team has a Mac book M1 Another person has a Mac book Intel and somebody else is running Windows If you check in test containers tests, you want them to run an exactly the same architecture for every single developer Right, so if you're seeing people come to us and say, hey, we want to we want to have consistency in the results that we're seeing, right? So that's one use case that we see a lot of a second use case that we see a lot of is we see people who come and say, hey, actually test containers slightly changes the computational kind of characteristics of my tests. In the old days, my tests used to be used to be fairly fairly small and they did not require lots of computational resources. Test container based tests by their definition require they launch dependencies. So, hey, can we do a lot, can we enable test containers cloud in RCI? Such that when we need dependencies, we can provision them on your cloud elastically and that's a huge use case that we're seeing companies use us for to be able again to have consistency between how they're running their tests in CI and desktop and also in terms of their computational infrastructure that you they're using in their CI. Now, let's talk a bit about the funding. Talk a bit about this funding loan and how you're going to use this funding, what are the areas where you will be growing? First of all, we are incredibly thankful to our investors that have invested in this round. The round was led by Insight Partners, but we had participation from all of our existing investors and from a number of high-impact angels that have participated in the round. In terms of how we're going to use the money, the money is absolutely going to go into gross and growing our team. We are currently a 23-person company in 10 countries and we're looking to grow both our engineering talent and we're looking to grow our go-to-market talent as well. So those are the two areas that we're going to go and concentrate on. Our intent is to come out of beta in the next months. We are because of the huge opportunity that we have in front of us. We've talked about the fact that Test Containers has 100 million downloads off our software. And by the way, most of those downloads have come in the last eight months. So it has a lot of adoption in the industry and we believe that our product serves the need of many of those who are starting to adopt it at their companies and we're excited to go and work with them and serve their needs. Since you folks are all about open source, there are two questions that I have for you. First of all, earlier I was talking about all the layoffs that are happening in the market, which also means that a lot of companies which are like suffer with not invented hair syndrome or they do it yourself solutions. So do you think that they will be looking at open source because the teams are tighter, shorter? So they will be looking at not only open source solutions, but also vendors that offer solutions based on this open source technology because the thing with open source is open source can very easily solve day one problem. If you're a large company like Google, you'll have massive teams who can do that. But day two is where the problem starts, where you need additional features, you need updates, you need security. So talk a bit about first of all, what do you see the adoption of open source this year? And number two is the criticality of commercialization of open source, which is critical to the sustainability and health of open source. I am a true believer in open source, and I think it's a great time to adopt open source, whether there are layoffs in the industry or no layoffs in the industry. I think it's a great time to be adopting open source. And even when there are layoffs and when there is shrinkage in the industry, yes, we're seeing lots of people turn to open source, but we think it's great regardless, because everyone benefits. We see people contributing to open source. We see people benefiting from the open source. In our case, we've been seeing lots of growth, which means people are trying to not reinvent the wheel. There is no point in reinventing the wheel and are turning to establish projects like ours to go and solve the problems that they have. In terms of commercialization, there has been lots of lots of approaches in the industry around commercialization. The approach we specifically chose is we chose the approach of actually not going open core. We decided to keep test containers completely open source and it's fully featured. What we are building is a commercial engine that helps the open source community. And yes, some commercial features will not, they're just impossible to do without a cloud back end. Yes, and they will be in test containers cloud, but we're not going to limit any functionality in test containers open source. So the way we view ourselves is we view ourselves as building a product for the open source community. We're going to continue investing in open source and we currently have four or five maintainers of test containers on staff of various languages and we're going to continue investing and test containers open source is going to stay open source and we're going to and we're going to continue pushing it. What we're going to do is we're going to go and build a product for people who adopt it, for people who want to adopt it at scale in organizations. And we're going to solve some of those issues that arise. So that's that's the approach that we take. And some companies are going to say, hey, we're going to build it all ourselves and we're going to be thankful for them using the open source. Ali, thank you so much for taking time out today. And of course, talk about the announcement of the test containers cloud and of course, 25 million round led by inside partners. Thanks for all those insights that you say today. And I would love to have you back on the show. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. I appreciate the opportunity to talk to you today and would love to be back on the show.


The Astros took game four against the Yankees. The series is now three to one with the Astros leading and the Yankees have lost three in a row. What's up everybody, thank you for tuning in to Talking Baseball, a little different episode. Jake is in Vegas, he's in Nashville, which his girlfriend keeps using the hashtag Nash Vegas, which is why I said Vegas, but it's just Nashville. He's in Nashville doing something, thank his girlfriend's five year reunion of something. We recorded this game recap for our Yankees podcast, Talking Yanks, last night, and the difference between the two podcasts is always that Talking Yanks is for a specific fan base that wants to commiserate with people. So we record it when the emotions are at their highest so people can feel the same. Talking Baseball is, you know, because it's more, we try to cover everything that's going on, it's not as emotionally driven. So usually we wake up the next morning and we try to be rational and have more thought out reactions and emotions. Problem is game yesterday was brutal for the Yankees. Jake's in Nashville, we were up till three and recording it to think we were gonna wake up this morning and just rehash everything.  Why would we do this to ourselves? So what I'm gonna do is I'm just gonna play, it's only 20 minutes, I'm gonna just play for you guys, the Talking Yanks episode from last night. Now, if you have no interest in Yankees fans crying and being emotional and depressed and me being in a sad, depressed state, don't listen, Jake thinks a lot of you might get a kick out of here and how sad we are since you've spent a lot of time with us this post season and we've given you episodes every day, I didn't wanna not give an episode, but also there's not much else to say. Whenever we record these episodes on the brink of elimination or elimination, I never listen back because I'm embarrassed about how emotionally invested I allow myself to get into a game that breaks your heart. I mean, for everyone besides one team, it breaks your heart. So yeah, I probably feel a bit, I guess just embarrassed or ashamed, but not really because I get it, but I definitely don't like listening back to it. So enjoy it if you want. I will say this, it's Talking Yanks, so we don't mention anything about the Astros. Astros are really good and they have taken advantage of every opportunity that is given to them or they get for themselves, which is the opposite of the Yankees leaving everyone in scoring position. The Astros have converted on every chance. Obviously, their starting pitching is really good, but their bullpen has showed up and I hope that the national media starts giving those arms. Joe Smith, Will Harris, I hope they start getting some credit and the storyline doesn't go into the next series if it's the two of them, if it's the Nationals and the Astros about how great starters, terrible bullpens, because this Astros bullpen just showed up big time in the championship series. So it would suck if they go unnoticed just because people like sticking to the narratives, but it's definitely starting pitching driven for the Astros and they have Verlander Tonight versus Paxton and All Hope is Lost on our end of things and you'll hear that, I'll run some ads, which has said this on the Talking Yankees episode as well. Thank you guys for sticking through us. Sticking with us through this ads, we never had ads because we were never big enough for ads for a long time. We used to record this on our computers, like whatever, never had ads. We got signed with an ad agency and as we build up our portfolio and start growing and trying to figure out what works and what doesn't work, the easiest way is to insert these kind of prerecorded commercial ads. It's a bridge to a different destination where Jake and I are reading the ads and having fun and making content out of them and I just wanted to say thanks for hanging in there with us for these because they're a bit odd, but also thanks to every single advertiser that supports us. All right, here's the Talking Yankees episode. Enjoy our misery. Today is October 18th and the Yankees have just lost game four of the American League championship series. They are now down three games to one and have lost three games in a row. Let's talk Yankees. Okay, we're obviously not doing a song today. No song at all allowed. Hopefully this is a quicker episode. My name's Johnboy. If this is your first time listening to Talking Yankees, I'm guessing you're an Astros fan and coming to drink our tears and you will get them.  Jake is my co-host and he's in Nashville.  They're coming. That was as tough as it gets, man. Oh, I'm depressed. Season's over. I don't even want to watch tomorrow. Like that's honestly where I'm at. I know that a lot of people come here because we're a beacon of light and rational thoughts and optimistic spin. If anyone's got any of that, I can use it. I can use it. You will not be getting that from me today. Season's over. Baseball's done and I'm sad. I'll find it tomorrow. I'll find a one game at a time tomorrow and try to break their spirits, beating Verlander and making it go back to Houston. Well, yeah, just lying inside. Right now it's impossible to do. And yeah, I mean it was as bad as it gets on multiple levels. We saw a Hall of Famer and Hero of the Organization go out on an injury. We saw our infield drop four straight balls, five straight balls. And one of the more ferocious hitting teams of all time, if you put it on paper, kind of went down without much of a fight. So yeah, it had all of it. It's brutal, man. I don't wanna talk about the game at all. No. Offense couldn't do anything. First inning, a lot of traffic. I mean, a lot of traffic all game. You can't convert at all. Gary looks awful. Did it get the home run?   Like we expected Edwin to come back and do it. Dee Dee to come back and do it. Hicks to come back and do it. People expect Voight and Tachman to come back and do it. Like those, I feel so bad for DJ and Glaber and Judge. Glaber did have a big strike out of the bases loaded. He was in protect mode as kind of a nasty pitch. The offense is the main issue. When Gary cuts it to six to three, Jake, and you're in the eighth inning. I mean, that's a game that I won't lose faith in. Three runs, six outs versus their bullpen, right? Yep.  But that's still a game where you can make them sweat. You get a runner on base. You get another runner on base. The stadium's got life. You know, like we were still in the environment of the stadium head life environment when it was six, three when Gary cut the lead to three runs. Bringing an autovino there was a slap in the face to every paying fan. And then what's he do? He lets the leadoff hitter get on base. Then DJ has the error on the spinning ball. Then the whole infield has an error because like auto is basically you wave the white flag. We don't care about this game.  That took the life out of the stadium. Now that's just me harping on one thing because I'm sick of hitting the postseason anyway. There's so much that went wrong, but it does not make a lick of sense to me, pisses me off. How many strikes they took right down the middle, Jake?  I don't know, man. It's bizarre. It's bizarre. And you know, it's a lot of the names and faces that you think we'd be pointing to. It's not really judge. It's not La Mayhew. It's Edwin, first inning. He gets one right down the middle and he takes it and the announcers are like shook. The announcers are like, I guess he's looking off speed because that's as meaty as a pitch as you could possibly see. There's so many of them. Just fastballs right down the middle, strike three. No protect. Judge had one from Granky with a runner in scoring position. It was 91 miles per hour, three, two pitch. Judge was clear. They're clearly sitting off speed and then just throwing fastballs right by him. Yeah, it was bad baseball around. And yeah, I mean, the defense is nothing to shrug at. Kind of an excuse. I feel a little bad, I feel a little bad for like DJs and then deities. It's almost the saddest double play to get out of it in his glove. And Glaver, I mean, once the game lost focus, Glaver's out, that's, we see that and we're like, oh yeah, that makes sense. And I don't want to knock on Glaver because he's one of the dudes that showed up.  He's 22, hot take, not a lot of people know that.   There's 30 teams, only one gets to win.  We're not even just us, like get us out of here. Yes, now we're pre and post and like, it consumes us, it's just fucking, if there's 29 fan bases left heartbroken.  You know, football's easy. 16 games, fun Sundays. I wish I was a die hard football fan. 162 games and now I'm just gonna be depressed for a little bit. Let those words resound. Yeah, it's a... I mean, Paxton tomorrow, an elimination game. Oh, I'm all in. I mean, when he throws that first bullet, are you kidding me? Oh my God, Astros will win this game in the first inning. I've got a flight booked to Houston, man. I'm ripping out hearts down there. You know, if Paxton, even if the Inks don't win tomorrow, if Paxton can go like six innings of three runs or less, he'll earn something in my book. Yeah, if he... Cause he's playing by himself. It's him versus Houston. And I don't think, I don't, I mean... I'm hammering the house on Paxton. Hammering Houston in one. Yeah, Jimmy, I think it's funny. I save up all this depression, Jake. And then when it hits, it floods out of me. Well, I think people, during the regular season, we say some fun stuff about baseball, how it's almost, it's therapeutic for people. It's basically 98% of the summer nights. It's on for three hours a day. And we've met so many people that love it. And it's been this whole ironic thing about our rise that our generation doesn't like baseball. It's like, well, there's a YouTube channel now with 400,000 subscribers that are the target demographic. They guess what? They like baseball.  And Jim, I mean, even if I try to make the glass as full as it could be, if the Yankees were to pull off some miracle, that you and me are in some magical place that we can't even imagine right now. Imagine being a Houston fan. Yeah, you can't do that. Boone said, you know, stranger things have happened, so. Yeah. Yeah, I'm probably gonna get into some stranger things, not talking Netflix people. Yeah, I've been accused of being high and drunk for the last four hours, so I might as well go get higher drunk. Yeah, exactly. The CC thing, man, that was a...  He won't be remembered for that. We'll be able to push that aside. I just feel really bad for him. It was bad managing by Boone. I mean, CC's in there with two righties with the bases loaded, but Boone's already thrown in the towel because he threw in the towel when he brought in Otto.  You have Cece out there versus Springer and Brant. Oh no, no, no, who was he playing? There's two righties with the bases loaded. I think Breakman and Gurriel. It started with Brant. Breakman and Gurriel. What are you doing, Boone?  Like, why is Cece out there?    Let me see if I can do it. Just gotta love Cece, Sabathia, man. What a team player. And he threw that one pitch and it was so sad. And I was like, oh my God, he's done. Yeah, and he's, I don't know. You say this isn't part of the memory. I think this is part of the memory that he gave it everything to the end. And I mean, the pitch before that, he got a ground ball to second, just got booted. He gave an incredible effort. I think he got a full inning outside of some defensive misplays, but yeah, it's a brutal sport. Triton in the chat said, I feel like Boone losing all the goodwill from the regular season. I mean, I think the reason the Yankees are losing is because the offense has done nothing and they are facing really good pitchers, but they've had each of these pitchers on the ropes. On the ropes, so many opportunities. And it's credit to the pitchers for getting out of the jams, but it's also like the offense.  I don't really blame Boone that much for what's happening at all, really. I mean, it's the offense went dead. That was my argument during the season. Like, hey, Boone looks like a genius when Gio or Shella gets the call from AAA and hits 320. And now the bottom, the bottom two thirds of our lineup, six guys are basically minced meat. And yeah, Boone doesn't look like a great manager. It's shocking. Yeah. I mean, I think he looks fine. I think there's not hitting. Exactly. If those guys were all hitting, he'd look like a good manager. They're not hitting and now people are wanting to question things. Yeah. I think Stan goes on the IL. Why even bother, right? Either IL or Kirk Gibson. No middle area. Should have pinched it for Edwin at one point. Yeah.  I don't know. Sad, man. Let me ask you a question. Yeah. They come out, packs and shoves. They beat Verlander tomorrow.  Well, no. And that's why I have an imagination is a thing that happens. Do you think you would believe in this team? No. Okay. It would jump from 0% to 5.7%. I'll take that all day, baby. No, I mean, it's impossible. It's not impossible, but it's one of the tougher tasks. It's not impossible. No, it's not impossible for me to grow either. I just have to pay a lot of money for surgery and hurt myself. I don't know if those are in the same boat. Yeah. They're similar. Kinda, kinda. Did we reach 20 minutes yet or at 15? So we do 20 minutes. Anything else, Jake? I don't know. I'll be locked in tomorrow. I'll be telling myself if we get Verlander and we make him have to go back home that make him squirm, make him squirm. Right now, there's been nothing to think of that.  That's what you're talking about with that Gary at bat? I think I was live on Periscope, but I was saying when he went down O2, I said the only way this works out good is if Gary chases that slider low and away and just throws his bat, just bloops it over the first baseman's head. I mean, that's the best case scenario, the way he's swinging and all that right now. So it didn't happen. Yeah. Hicks struck out taking a fastball right down the middle. Glabers struck out taking a fastball right down the middle. Gardner struck out taking a fastball right down the middle. Judge struck out swinging at a fastball right down the middle because he was sitting off speed. It was incredibly easy to strike the Yankees out today.  Yeah. It's like me. It's like I was at that. It was similar. I've seen you be pesky up there. Oh man, I'm gonna be so sad. Yeah. That's the worst thing about covering the national baseball scene now. It's like they don't realize like I still like am super emotionally invested. Like I still like, yes, sad. Like they were trying to call me like, what are you cry baby? I'm like, yeah, man. Yes. Absolutely. It's called aging. Yeah. Yeah.  Nah, we'll be good. One more game. I need people in the chat. I need people to treat at me positivity. If I ever did it for you over the course of the season, if I ever gave you rational, optimistic thoughts, I need it from you guys. Appreciate you. Jason Nashville, what are you doing? Are you going out? It's 1 a.m. No, no, I think they're out and actually in somewhat of a moment of levity, one of Jess's friends I haven't met yet just came in during this and this is how we've kind of met. So I'd like to ice that over a little bit, but no, I'm chilling. I mean, damn, man. That's it, that's all. All right. So you guys tomorrow for the pregame show, tune in, should be a riot. Go Yankees, tell them Grahams. Go Yankees. And that was that two sad Yankee fans who may be even more sad tonight. We got Verlander versus Paxton in a elimination game for the Yankees. We will see how it goes. We'll see if they take it back to Houston for a game six versus Cole. See if that's worth it. Thanks guys. We'll see you tomorrow.


Welcome to another video. So it's Groundhog Day and yes, there is more media in the Daily Mail again and I always do a video when there's media because I think it's a win because the message is being shown to largely non-vegan audience. This same reporter Olivia Day has decided now to report on a Tiktok video that has resurfaced of me and a dairy farmer. It's quite, you know, I'd say it's quite a famous debate with me and this dairy farmer seeing it. It is the most viewed video on my entire YouTube channel. It resurfaced on Tiktok.  And Olivia has made another article. Let's go through it. It says the firing moment a fed-up dairy farmer takes on a vegan who openly admits he's trying to destroy their industry to save the cows from being victims. Well, 100% true. Any good animal rights activist would want to see the dairy industry abolished.  Discussing industry. Let's just keep going through this article.  And that's the truth. Notorious vegan celebrity inverted commas. I mean, I don't really like the term celebrity, but okay. Joey Carpstrom, 34, was interrupted during one of his notorious animal rights stance by an indignant dairy farmer. What's indignant? Indignant means feeling or showing anger or annoyance at what is perceived as unfair treatment. Very good. I like those descriptive words. Olivia, let's keep going. In a video that was recently resurfaced on Tiktok, dairy farmer from southern New South Wales told Mr. Carpstrom that we need to be very careful protesting the dairy industry. And then they've got the little video clip here. Let's have a look. Are you a dairy farmer, right? Yes. Oh, do you own a dairy farm now? Yeah, you gotta be very, very careful what you're doing here. Why is that? No, you gotta be very careful. You could ruin our industry. Well, that's what we're trying to do. That's what you're trying to do, I know. Yeah, we want the dairy industry to be obsolete because of the victims involved. Because of the victims involved. Let's keep going. It says as a farmer throws his head back at last, Mr. Carpstrom claimed that he didn't want the farmer out of a job. Well, you know, I don't want the farmer necessarily out of a job, but I just don't want him making money off the backs of enslaved animals, do I? I mean, it would be akin to trying to keep, you know, slavery in America the status quo because we didn't want the, you know, slave owners to be in some type of economic hardship. Like, excuse me, but human rights and animal rights trump your financial interests. So let's keep going. If you come down to the southwest, you look at the communities there. The whole southwest is riding on the cows back. And here you are trying to destroy it. Well, you just set it for me. You're riding off the cows back. You're enslaving animals and making financial gain from it. It's highly immoral. And yeah, we are trying to destroy it. We want to see the dairy industry in the ground and with a big RIP dairy industry gravestone, you know, in some type of horrible animal holocaust museum cemetery far away in the distant past. And you know, maybe we can look back in history and repeat and out of the words never again should we ever do what we did to animals and human animals in the past like now we should have animal holocaust museums reminding us of the atrocities that took place to animals because of the driving force of speciesism and we should never again commit these atrocities to non-human animals for a sandwich for cheese for beef for a piece of bacon for a jacket for animal testing. Any of these reasons. Horrible. We're living in the ethical stone ages and it's 2021. It's time to move past all of this. Mr. Carp sort of said he believed the cow was a victim and didn't have a choice in being slaughtered, prompting the men to go back and forth once again.  You've got to destroy our industry. Well, I'm sorry. The cows are being enslaved, having their children taken from them. They're being annealing rape in the dairy industry, which is standard practice. And you know, they're going to a slaughterhouse to be butchered. Excuse me, mate, but you're not the victim. You go down there and you tell me if you could see a bad looking cow. These cows are in perfect mint condition, the farmer said.  Like my car's in mint condition. My antique, you know, a car is just in mint condition. These are non-human animals. And it doesn't matter how high welfare your farm is. You're separating calves.    We've got plant-based versions. When they go to the slaughterhouse, they come out chopped up into pieces. They are the victims, the activist replies. The farmer concludes his argument by telling the activist they don't live in a perfect world, but the activist is quick to call bluff on his excuse and said, we could say that about any form of animal abuse. We don't live in a perfect world, so it's okay to abuse animals for money? Exactly. You could use that as a cop-out for anything.  We don't live in a perfect world. It's just a cop-out. I know we don't live in a perfect world. Veganism isn't even perfect.  But that doesn't mean we should cause a massive, huge slave farm of animals and throw them into slaughterhouses and bolt gun them and slash their head off on top of the imperfection of the world, should we? So let's keep going. The activist offers examples of other ethical ways of living, including plant-based milks, which a farmer openly grimaces at. Wow, the farmer grimaces at plant-based milk, well, like some soybeans blended up with some water, some oat milk, some, you know, almond milk, some, I don't know, rice milk, just rice blended with water, like, but he grimaces at that, but he participates in one of the most horrific industries on earth, the dairy industry. It is something out of a Stephen King novel.   In Australia, it's standard legal practice.  You can smash them in the head with a hammer. Check out this Peter Asia investigation on Australian farms. You can literally, and this is the industry saying, you can kill them with blunt force trauma.   Like, if they really cared about their animals, they're in meat condition, we look after our animals, like, but you love to eat their flesh. Those two things conflict with each other.  Like, those two things are diametrically opposed, caring for animals and eating their body parts. Mr. Carbstrong told the Daily Mail Australia, the idea behind his animal rights activism was to make the public aware of the inherent immorality of animal agriculture. The archivist said the dairy industry was responsible for some of the worst crimes against animals, including the sexual violation of studballs to collect semen. So yes, we as a movement seek to destroy morally bankrupt animal abuse industries like dairy. Mr. Carbstrong said we encourage a boycott of their industries and hope to make way for more ethical alternatives that don't involve the enslavement and killing of non-human animals. That's what I said. That was part of what I said to Olivia when she asked me for a statement. I actually made a full statement, which I will actually pin to the top of this video here on YouTube. But yeah, I went into detail about the dairy industry. And then it goes on to see the other articles that Olivia has written. It says earlier this month, self-proclaimed animal defender was kicked out of the Gold Coast Sea World and it says about raising awareness for dolphin deaths and tuna nets. He was quickly interrupted by security and that says the art spoken vegan wants to compare artificial insemination of cattle to sexual abuse on British television and also gained media attention for his protest at slaughterhouses.  Artificial insemination is just the euphemism. To make people think that it's just a medical procedure when, no, it's against the cow's consent. It's forced on them. They have no choice in this. So he regularly uploads his notorious animal rights stunts on YouTube and boasts 163,000 followers on Instagram. Yeah, you know what, Olivia Day, really good journalist, good honest journalist, you know, she's just reporting both sides. You know, we like Olivia Day here at Joey Carpstrom. We do.  Go and comment what you think about the dairy industry.  Let's actually, let's do a little refresh of the article and see if anyone's commented or seen this yet. Let's have a little look, see. Come on. What do you got for me today? Oh, zero comments. Well, there we go. There we go. I'll just add a comment right now. It's time we left the dairy industry in the past as a dark part of history. I'm telling you, if historians will be talking about, like, industries like dairy, we're discussed and, you know, I can almost see it in the future the way they look back on the dairy industry. It would be like the way they look back on the Holocaust or things like slavery in America and just horrible war crimes. They'll look back on dairy industry and pork industry and animal agriculture as a whole.  It's time to move on to a better world and live vegan. You telling me I've got to join Daddy Malon Live? What is this? Sorry, I can't comment. But you guys should. You guys definitely should. Okay, let me just briefly go through my response to Olivia. If you guys are still here, that means you're really supporting the channel because you're watching to this point. I just want to tell you what I actually wrote to Olivia. The idea of vegan animal rights activism is to make the public aware of the inherent immorality of animal agriculture. We encourage a boycott of their industries and hope to make way for more ethical alternatives that don't involve the enslavement and killing of non-human animals. The dairy industry is responsible for some of the worst crimes against animals. Some of the standard practices involve the sexual violation of stud bulls to collect semen, which is generally done via an electric ejaculator, which is a dildo-shaped device which is forced into the anus of the restrained animal and sends an electric current into the bull and forces him to ejaculate. Another method is via mounting the bull on a dummy and masturbating the bull for his semen.  The semen is then injected into female animals. The method involves restraining the cows in a rack and sticking an entire arm into the anus of the animal to hold the cervix through the lining of the rectum. They then inject a perpetful of semen into the cow to impregnate her. If this were done to a human, it would be called rape. That's because it is rape. When the calves are born, they are removed from their mothers almost immediately. This causes the animals incredible emotional distress and maternal trauma, and cows are often heard crying out for their stolen babies. If the calf is born a male, they will generally be killed a few weeks after birth. Footage shown in the film Dominion shows a slaughterhouse killing infant calves who, because they cannot produce milk, are considered a waste product to the dairy industry. It is also acceptable based on Dairy Australia guidelines to kill a 24-hour-old calf on farm via blunt force trauma. This can be a hammer to the head. Female calves will face the same fate as their mothers before them, which is a life of systematic rape, having their calves stolen year after year, and when they're considered spent, i.e. their milk production declines, or they become less economically viable to the farmer, they will be said to be brutally slaughtered for cheap cuts of meat. Dairy farmers will always leave out these standard practices in an effort to gaslight and manipulate the public. It's clear that their only interest in the animals is a financial interest. To the animals, the dairy farmers are the oppressors. The animals are the slaves of the dairy farmers, who will abuse them and exploit them until there's nothing left of them. So yes, we as a movement seek to destroy morally bankrupt animal abuse industries like dairy. We seek to expose their lives and humane propaganda. And we ask if the public care about unjustified violence committed towards innocent animals, that they boycott the dairy industry and choose plant-based alternatives. Okay guys, so that was my statement to the Daily Mail. That was the Daily Mail's article. Would mean a lot if you would share the article around get people commenting on it and boost the engagement of articles like this. The reason I say that is because the more engagement these articles get on this topic, the more likely journalists like Olivia are going to report on this. They will see that it's a topic of interest. You know, it helps get that message out. They get that conversation started. We want this to be a conversation. We want this to be to come to a debate. We want the animals' voices to be heard. So get in there, get in there and comment. Help us abolish the dairy industry. If you're vegan watching this, become active. If you're not vegan watching this, stop supporting these disgusting industries. These are an abomination and they need to end. All right, guys, thanks for watching. I'll see you all in the next video. Peace.


Hi, everyone. I'm Q. Hamirani and my job here today is to make you better at your jobs. Sounds good, right? No, I'm not going to claim to be a better CEO or COO or sales rep than you. But what I am going to argue today though, is that by building a strong culture, you can make everybody at your company better at their jobs. So let's dive in. But first, what is culture? How do we define culture? Imagine starting your work day, ready to be productive, getting a cup of tea or coffee, turning on your laptop, sitting at your desk, either at home or in the office or on a beach, wherever you're working from that day. And when you open up your computer, instead of being met with a smooth start that you're used to, you're met with a fairly unexpected surprise. Your laptop has frozen. The operating system that you are used to is in disarray. You're left with an unresponsive computer. You're struggling to communicate with your team and you are unable to complete tasks to be effective. Simply put, you just cannot be productive. Without a right operating system for your laptop, the entire thing is pretty much useless. Without the right operating system, your laptop is just a piece of hardware or a really expensive and big fancy paperweight. Culture to the company is what the operating system is to your laptop. It's how you make things happen. It's the glue that sticks everything together. So just like when you open your laptop and it works fine, you are able to be productive and get work done as you anticipated to do. When you have a good strong culture in the organization, it creates a common sense of belonging and purpose, which in turn fosters productivity, collaboration, innovation, and for you to meet the goals that you want to achieve. So your culture is your operating system. It's not the operating system from Google or any other big company because you define what it is. You are the culture carriers for your organization. Just as when a laptop in my previous example glitches and needs software updates and it may need to continue to evolve over time, so does your culture. You may need to make organizational updates, example hire new leaders or build new functions. You may need to do smaller updates like performance management or provide coaching or mentoring to your employees. But you have to continuously keep a pulse on your culture. When you have a laptop that was unable to let you do your work, in the similar context, if you have a culture that you are not keeping tabs on, it will eventually lead to a weak operating system within your organization. And what does that do? That will lead to lack of information flow, lack of ability to make decisions and move quick with agility, and in turn, it will dilute your culture over time. So keep a tab on your culture. Your culture is your operating system. And if you do not keep up with it, you will never let your employees reach their maximum potential. So this is what we're going to dive into today. How do you build and scale your own culture? And work through that. But why should you take this from me? I want to explain my journey, which is I did not study HR and I did not start my career or my education in people and culture as well. Simply put, I learned all this the hard way. I studied electrical engineering in university. That's the start of my kind of education. I then had my first internship in college at General Electric, where I worked on a manufacturing flow and I was helping individuals that had worked on a specific machine for 30, 35 years to make their processes and life easier. And that was when I realized that the first thing you need to do is understand perspectives and relate to people. I then went on to start my career after university at Deloitte, where I worked for five years with CFOs and COOs at the intersection of finance, technology, people and operations. I then went to Aeon for a couple years and did global strategy and operations across Europe and South America. And one thing I noticed while I was working for these seven years at Deloitte and Aeon was that some projects that had the best plan, they had everything in place, would fall flat and be unsuccessful because they had the wrong people in the wrong roles to execute. And on the other side of the spectrum, some projects that were relatively loosely planned ended up becoming really successful because the people in the roles had the agility and the determination to figure it out and make it successful. So this was when around seven, eight years into my career I had this realization that people can make or break the best process, the best product if you don't have the right people in the right roles. So I set out to venture and work in the field of HR for two reasons. One, I thought it was the most impactful way to drive change because if you are helping an entire organization you're helping a large number of people within the organization. And two, I was fairly frustrated with the level of partnership I was getting with HR professionals to help me build the right org structure. So what did I do? I quit my job at Aeon and I started my own company. In a span of three years, I had three different companies. One focused on people, one focused on logistics and distribution. It had nothing to do with either. And the third one actually failed right after we took off and I actually learned more from the failure of that company than the successes. I was the founder in this situation and I know how hard it is when you're trying to build product market fit. You're fighting for survival in early stages. But people and culture often get deprioritized. But I'm here to help you understand why you should try to keep a pulse on it. I then started my HR career at the Warranty Group. I was there for four years. I pretty much did every role in HR from recruiting to compensation to HR business partnering. The Warranty Group was backed by a private equity firm so I got to work in that environment to understand how operational efficiencies can be driven with the right people again. I then went to JLL, Jones Long LaSalle, where JLL has over 100,000 employees. My team was very large over 50 people and I got exposure to what impacting at scale with people is like. After that I went to Airbnb. I was there for five years up until earlier this year. I was there through some really interesting milestones from hyper growth to layoffs to IPO and then building the future of work program at Airbnb. So that was the last 10, 12 years of my career where I dedicated it to the people profession in that context. Today, as of the last seven or eight months, I'm the chief people officer and communications officer for a series D education technology company called PAPO. And I'm also an advisor, investor, and executive coach to founders as I continue to work through this. So that's a little bit about me and why you should listen to me in terms of how I had to learn the hard way and what I want to share with you. Throughout my entire journey, I have come to realize that there is one simple truth that is true and that is people can change everything. You may notice Ada Lovelace on the slide. She was a mathematician in the early 19th century that is directly attributed to creating one of the first general purpose computers. Back to my comment on people can change everything. People are the key to success or failure depending on how they are positioned. You as founders and operators are the key culture carriers to enable success across your entire organization or failure. I think everyone hopefully is familiar with the term technical debt out here if not for folks that are not. Technical debt is commonly referred to the process where you move and compromise speed for accuracy. So think of if you're building an app, you want to go to market really quick, you want to capture market share, you don't want to wait too long, you don't know if it's going to work, you would build technical debt because you might take shortcuts to get the app out there. For example, your app might work for a couple thousand people but it's not ready for a couple million people. So when it is ready for a couple million people you come back and catch up to the technical debt that you placed so that you can continue on. The reason I mentioned that is what I call organizational debt is very similar to technical debt. It's the debt that you collect on the people and culture side as you are growing very quickly, especially after you've got product market fit and through that successful phase. Organizational debt in my view is far more dangerous than technical debt because it can really take your organization down if you don't have the right people in the right roles. Again, having organizational debt is okay because it's a by-product of being successful and moving really quick. However, what you should try your best to keep tabs on is how much debt are you collecting in this org debt bucket. The more debt you collect and the more you essentially ignore your culture and your operating system that you are building the longer and harder it will be to come out of that debt. So again, organizational debt is a by-product of being successful. It is okay to have, but you should also know that it's being built and how much of it can you mitigate over time by keeping tabs on it. I want to talk a little bit about my experience at Airbnb. So when I joined Airbnb in 2018, it was the summer of 2018, we were just shy of 3,000 employees. In my first year, we grew to almost a little over 8,000 employees just in less than a year. What happened while we were growing rapidly was we built teams, brand new teams, standing them up, brand new leaders and we essentially started collecting org debt in the process. Again, it's a by-product of being successful. What happened was teams were working really well within their individual silos, but it was really hard to get any large cross-functional initiative that needed every team's collaboration example IPO readiness to be done in a timely way. This was because information flow was hard, our operating system had started to outgrow our size. Again, the by-product of being successful. What happened was, so this was, I'm now in mid 2019, where we were behind on it, we had collected some org debt. As you go into the end of 2019 and into early 2020, as we all know, we were hit with the pandemic. That put Airbnb in an even harder position because our business had stalled in addition to us collecting org debt. We had simply outgrown our operating system and would do for a really, really large system update. The news at that time, so this is in March of 2020, is this the end of Airbnb? Will we make it? We had to raise at a very low valuation. We had to make sure we were going to survive. So what could have saved Airbnb? Or what did save Airbnb? To get to that, I want to talk about what I think are the three ingredients that you can focus on to develop a good culture or your operating system. One is purpose. Having a common sense of purpose to achieve a common mission is critical to ensuring that you have the right operating system in place. I work at PayPal right now. It's in the education space. We're trying to change the future generation by providing them with more learning opportunities from kindergarten all the way through school before college. And everyone that is at PayPal is there because they believe that they want to change the future of education. That's our purpose. The second one is values. So this, if the purpose is the why, the values is part of the how. How do we want to behave with each other? What are our norms? What are our ways of working so that we can share information with each other and we can do it in a unified way so that it's not everyone working in chaos, in silos. The third one is coming back to people. People are the key to success. You do need to think through, do you have the right org design? Do you have the right people? If not, how do you update your operating system? And how can you make sure that people are a consideration in your org design? You could invent the best things in slice bread, but if you don't have the right people, you're not moving fast. And the more important thing to note is you are not enabling your own employees to reach their maximum potential because they are being hindered through the information flow. So these are the three key ingredients of culture. The intersection of these is what defines your culture, is what defines your operating system to enable you to reach your goals. I want to talk about three tips to help build a great culture, something that I've learned over the years and want to share. Tip number one. This is for founders, operators and everyone here. Be real, be authentic, be vulnerable. What I mean by this is I've worked with founders that often want to share the good news to the entire company but don't want to necessarily share the setbacks in anticipation that they're worried that if they share setbacks it may not come off as being as encouraging. What happens when you do that is employees eventually catch up, they know, and life is full of pluses and minuses, right? It's not all roses all the time. So the unintentional consequence of not being real, not being authentic, not being transparent is the lack of leadership that the employees eventually perceive. And if your employees are not going to trust your leadership you're weakening your operating system right there. Those values that you want to operate by are weakened. So be real, be authentic. The one tip I have here is also evaluate your communication plan and strategy. Do you have the right mediums in place? Do you have the right channels for information sharing? An example is do you have all hands? Are you meeting with your company on a regular basis?  What you do as founders and what you share is the example you're going to set for the rest of your organization. So that's tip number one. Tip number two is even when you're in hyper growth always focus on building the right team. You want to focus on the right hire. Something that I learned and we did at Airbnb and we still do it to this day is every candidate that goes through the interview process goes through two cultural fit interviews. These interviews are done by employees of Airbnb who volunteer their time and I've got trained but the key point to note here is these interviews are done by employees that are not going to be part of the function that the candidate is going to be interviewing for. This forces the conversation to be very specifically driven on our values, our mission. This is the cultural fit. This is what enabled us to reduce the all debt so that we could try and recover when it was time to catch up for an update. This was also a way for our founders to let go of interviewing every single candidate because we built a scalable way to infuse these cultural interviews for every single candidate. The key here is if a candidate did not pass these two cultural interviews they were not getting into Airbnb. There was no exceptions. So build the right team. Once you hire the right people, onboarding is the other piece that I would really recommend focusing on because when you hire the right fit you need to communicate what your values are so again you can have the ingredients for the operating system. So focus on when you're onboarding it, make it interactive, make sure they understand what your core values are, how do you want to lead by example, and build the right team. So that's tip number two.  To define what this is, this is typically an individual that excels at business outcomes for their specific function but no one wants to work with. They either don't like, either it's the communication, either it's the ways of working, but people just do not want to work with these individuals.  Are you recognizing them and rewarding them? Are you reprimanding them or providing them coaching so they can actually learn and get better and grow with the organization as you scale? Again what you do here will in turn define your rewards and recognition philosophy as opposed to what you want others to behave like. So make sure you think through what that is going to look like and what you do is going to define it.  Think through performance measures and performance measures for these types of individuals could be parting ways and that's something you have to really think through. These are the milestones that you want to keep tabs on for your debt. Do you want to part ways? Do you want to provide mentoring and coaching? What do you want to do to make sure that you avoid this scenario or mitigate it is a better word. So I want to come back to the Airbnb story. So I left off in March of 2020 where the headlines was will we even make it? Our operating system we had outgrown it because we had hired people in one year almost four or five thousand people. We were operating in silos. We had a divisional structure at that time. What that means is we had a GM model where each business managed all the functions within their specific business unit and we had a choice at that time. What were we going to do about it? And the answer for us was we were going to reset our operating system. We were going to create that system update that we needed that we had outgrown to make sure that we could operate in an efficient way and collaborate share information so that we could pull ourselves out of the overall business scenario that we had got into. We had to do a really big layoff in May of 2020 on very unfortunate to do something like that and it's also an opportunity to catch up on org debt. So when we did our layoffs we not only were able to improve our org structure but we also switched from the divisional based structure I just mentioned to a purely functional structure across the entire company. So we no longer had GMs and that was what we thought would work for us and it did. So figure out when you are doing that what is the right thing to do in terms of your org debt correction. We did things like we created a single roadmap through the functional structure believe it or not we didn't have a single roadmap before that. Every team had their own roadmap and was working on their own milestones. So that's how we pulled ourselves out of the brink. It was our own reset moment but we knew where we were in our org debt scenario we also had to look at where our business was and we worked through that. This is you know not even six months later from when March of 2020 when the headlines was will we make it we were able to turn the business around after we reset our operating system and able to have a successful IPO all in the same year. Now the key point here is when I talked about the tips tip number one was be real be authentic when we did our layoffs Brian Jasky got in front of the entire company and talked about how we had outgrown our operating system we were honest that we were not operating well and what did we need to do about it tip number two that I talked about which is never compromise on the right hire even when we were in hyper growth we always had those cultural interviews we never gave up on those everyone had to go through two of them or they did not get in and tip number three always works works itself through or we did at least so I want to I want to leave you with one question today if any of the glitches that I mentioned resonate with you ask yourself how well is your operating system working today remember remember that your operating system which defines your culture is never static it's always going to evolve it's always going to change so ask yourself do I need an update today if not where am I in that journey because one day you will very soon as you grow as an organization grows change is hard you bring in a new executive that will disrupt your operating system when you have large amounts of change especially with growth your productivity actually will drop in the short term as the operating system is recalibrating and once things click you're back on track so ask yourself how well is it working what can you do leverage any of the tips that I mentioned along the way remember that you will have org debt and that's okay but keep tabs on it and with that thank you for being with me today I look forward to staying connected and thank you


So this lecture is part of an online algebraic geometry course on schemes and we'll be about the relation between proper morphisms and valuations. So what we will do is we will first we'll start by looking at what happens in general topology. So suppose we have a function f from the positive reels r1 to projective space as projective line over the reels which is just the reels together with the pointed infinity. So let's draw a graph of this function and think what it can look like. Well, it might look like that and have a limit or it might look like this and have a limit. So the limit as x tends to naught is infinity and here the limit is finite, but it might not have a limit. It might sort of oscillate like this or it might kind of oscillate between the finite pointed infinity. So these have no limit as x tends to zero. However, it always has cluster points. So and this is due to the fact that the projective line is compact. So it must sort of approach a point infinitely often. And however, these two cases can't happen for rational functions. So rational functions can't have infinitely many oscillations. And if you've got a rational function defined for non zero reels, it always has a limit as you tend to zero. So the limit might be infinity or a real number. Of course, it doesn't necessarily have a limit if you consider maps to the real line that the real line isn't compact. So what this suggests is that if we've got a map from the positive real line to plane. So the picture we've got here is we've got a map from the positive real line to the plane and it might look something like something like this. And if it can be extended to zero on the x-axis like this. So we've got maps like this, then you can always extend it here. In other words, a limit always exists. So this is of course very much like the diagrams we had earlier. And we now want to change this into the language of algebraic geometry rather than topology. So you remember what we do is we replace these by the spectrum of the quotient field of a discrete valuation ring. And here we have the spectrum of a discrete valuation ring R. So R is a discrete valuation ring. And this map here should be proper or possibly might be proper. So this suggests there should be a relation between the map F being proper and the relation that for each choice of R and K and maps between them as above. There is a unique map. There is unique lifting G. So there is a unique lifting G. Well, uniqueness of the lifting is just the separation of this map F. And the existence is closely related to this condition that the map should be proper. So what Grozendick proved is that these two are equivalent if, let me label these, let's call this map X and this map Y. If the map from F from X to Y is of finite type and Y is notarian. As before, this is slightly different from the version in Hart-Shorn's book. Hart-Shorn has a condition not for discrete valuation rings, but for all valuation rings. And as a result is able to state the equivalence for a slightly more general type of map from X to Y. As usual, it's a matter of preference, which version you use. As before, I'm not going to prove this result, but I'm just going to give some examples of how to use it. So what we want to do is to sketch how to use this result on valuations to show that projective morphisms are proper. Well, one problem about proving this is I haven't yet told you what projective means. There's a sort of cheap definition which says that a projective morphism from X to Y is one which factors from X to P to the N over Z times Y to Y. So this we can think of as being projective space over Y, and this is projective space over the integers, where this is a closed immersion, and this is a sort of projection from projective space times Y to Y. Now, this isn't actually the most general form of projective map. So more generally, we should allow things that are locally like this. In other words, why should have a cover by say open affine subsets on each of those it should look like this. So instead of having a map from projective space times Y to Y, we have a map from some sort of twisted bundle over Y to Y. So don't worry about that because this is just to illustrate the criterion for being proper. So first of all, there's some easy bit closed immersions are finite. So are proper. Proving closed immersions are proper is much easier than proving finite morphisms are proper. So we're kind of being a bit lazy here using that. Secondly, it's easy to check the composition of proper morphisms is proper. And thirdly, it's easy to check that the base change of proper morphisms is also proper. So if we put all these together, we see that the essential part of this is to prove that PNZ to a point spec of Z is proper. So this is the this is the sort of core part of the proof and all the rest of it is just sort of routine bookkeeping. And what we're going to do is we're going to use the condition about valuation rings. So what we have that the picture we have is we have the spectrum of K, which is a point, and we have the spectrum of R. So I guess I could draw this as a one-dimensional red point with the spectrum of R, which looks like this red point together with an extra point, which is closed. And here we have the spectrum of P to the NZ. And here we have spectrum of Z, which is kind of boring because for every scheme, there's unique map to spectrum of Z. So these maps kind of give us no information whatsoever. And we want to know, does there exist a unique map here? So, and uniqueness already follows from separability. So we want to know, does this exist? And to do this, we just recall what are the morphisms from the spectrum of K to the spectrum there to projective space. So a morphism of the spectrum of K to projective space, as we saw earlier, can be described as a tuple of points, not all zero, where this is considered to be equivalent to lambda K naught up to lambda KN whenever lambda is not equal to zero. The ring R is a discrete evaluation ring, and in particular is a local ring. So points here are described by tuples R naught up to RN, where the ideal generated by R naught up to RN is the whole of R. And again, this is equivalent to lambda R zero up to lambda RN for lambda a unit. So what we're asking is suppose we're given data K like this, can we find data R like this? And the answer is almost obviously yes. So we just choose I so that the evaluation of K I is minimal. And then we divide all KN, so KJ by KI. So K naught up to KN is then just the same as K naught over KI, K1 over KI. And then we get a one here in the I position up to KN over KI. And because I is minimal, this implies that KI divides KJ for all J. So these are all in R. This is R naught R1 up to one RN for some R I. So this is a point. So this is a morphism from the spectrum of R to n dimensional projective space over the integers. And it's also easy to show this such a point is unique optimal application by units of the ring R. So we have shown that projective space over the integers is proper over spec of Z and this can be extended to show that all projective morphisms are proper. So next lecture, what we're going to do is discuss the relation between projective varieties and complete varieties and give an example of a proper morphism that isn't projective just due to Hiranaka.


Oh, what's up everybody once again, it's Brandman Sean and this video is brought to you by brandmannetwork.com because I saw myself. Now we got to talk about two major ways that TikTok is is ruining music and a lot of people's opinion but really the impact will be everlasting and a lot of people aren't even seeing it right now. Alright for me it started on January 22nd of 2018 when I said there would be a unique artist with a unique hit that's only 15 seconds long but some people didn't take it too well. People were saying things like absolutely not LOL. I can't see it being 15 seconds. I wouldn't enjoy it. Maybe 30 seconds. See I'm gonna push back on that because there's already some 15 seconds hits out there and y'all actually probably know of them. Michiga Move said I rebuked that in the name of Jesus and Bull City Dion said maybe 30 seconds but not 15 seconds that's not enough time for anything. But understand I'm not saying that everybody will create 15 second music not intentionally at least but I am saying the format will become more popular and hits will occur. And before I get into that what better way to actually make the point then starting with music in the first place. So we're gonna show some examples of why this has already been present in some ways anyway in music over the years. Because there's been a lot of odd moments in music so let's start with Roddy Rich though. If you know about Roddy Rich Roddy Rich is a rapper from Compton he's really been rising up starting in 2018 and he has a song with Marshmallow, an EDM producer. The song is called Project Dreams and it's about 2-3 minutes long. That's it but somebody actually took that song and they looped it for an hour and I know that sounds weird. Just listen to the same song looped and looped and looped and looped for an hour but for one we do like to hear certain songs on repeat but this song being looped for an hour sounds absurd.  When I was playing this just to see what it sound like I end up listening to a long portion of this and I was feeling it personally but check out some of these comments as well. Now out of all these comments the most interesting one is Jace Jones. This is my second time listening to this in a row and if you go to the video you'll see that his comment isn't the only one like that. So just being able to listen to one song again and again and again and again is interesting. So if you want to argue for the 15 second hit let's think about the fact that some people say that's too short but don't we already listen to songs and repeat so maybe people might want to just loop that for like three minutes and then they still get their feel just like we listen to other songs and repeat and just listen and listen and listen. Even if you think about how certain production is made some people literally take 15 seconds nine seconds 20 seconds of a beat and then they'll loop it and that creates the entire beat for the song. So that's something to consider as well. For example this song by a group named Mandrill is called Children of the Sun came out in 1972 people and it's a five minute song you know they used to make some long songs back then this is probably short for a song back then but what's important is from 314 in this track to 325 there's this portion of the song that sounds nothing like the rest of the song and that portion that 11 second stretch was actually repeated again and again and again in a song called They Know by Shawty Lowe for three minutes long so they took an 11 second sample and then literally just looped it for three minutes and that became a hit. When you think about something like that it's not even that foreign of a concept I would play the two songs and instead I'm gonna put them in the description below just because you know YouTube with these copyright strikes I ain't trying to get one and I'll make sure I provide the time stamp below as well so you can easily see where they match up but let's play some other songs that were legitimate hits in their time. That song only had six unique words in it the entire song and when we talk about format and why it happened it's gonna be a glaring insight for you to understand by tiktok is gonna be a huge part of this moment in a way that some people don't understand but here's another song that only has about 15 unique words in it. Here's another song with only a few sentences and here's another song with only a few sentences now while I use so many examples well just to show the range if you're already able to have songs that only have a few words in it again and again and they become hits or songs that have the same beat over and over and again and they become beats or you have songs that only have like two or three sentences in the whole song and all these things have become hits in their own way it's not so bizarre when you think about it that way to have a short song especially when you think about the capability for it to just be looped just like the marshmallow and Roddy Rich Project Dreams track and as a reminder you can see links to any of the videos or just music that I'm referencing in the description below but let's get back to tiktok. Suco the Child fast now some people actually know the song some people don't realize they've heard the song but trust me there's a good chance that you might have heard the song so but let me go ahead and play the snippet fast 400 on the dash 55 bills but 50 footage now I played a real short snippet of stepping at the beginning of this video because it took off on tiktok and fast did the same thing and this is where it gets interesting though because if you go to the youtube video that's where you can listen to the full track versus just you know being on tiktok look in the comments and you'll see something pretty interesting these nuts from area 51 said at six seconds tiktok has entered the chat and at 22 seconds tiktok has left the chat now that's about 16 seconds when that adds up but even somebody named Vaby VAC said maybe 20 seconds actually so that takes it down to 14 seconds either way it goes you can see we're straddling this 15 seconds that I'm talking about so what exactly does that allude to what does it mean well the big point that I made in my original video is musically first and foremost because musically was the thing back then it wasn't tiktok but you get it they're the same thing at this point and on musically people be listening to this content right I might take a song let's just say fast existed back then and then I'm listening to multiple people take the exact same loops from the song and then also dance to that song for the most part because either I'm a content creator I'm trying to jump in so I'm gonna take that same 15 seconds or I'm the listener and I'm just watching all these different pieces of content but I'm not necessarily going back to the same song so to clarify the impact of that and what that actually looks like let's think about the platform tiktok who's taking the challenge method right and they basically put that on crack it's exploded it's a far greater version than we've seen on any other app at the time I'm recording this video the music video for fads has four million views now if we go to Spotify we can see that there's 31 million streams of it and I'm sure it's around that number as well somewhere on Apple that's a lot of plays people for it to have blown up on that platform because for y'all who don't know so go to child did use tiktok to blow this song up but at the end of the day if you go back to tiktok you see three million ninety seven thousand forty four post on fast what does that mean that's not streams right that's not plays that's unique videos that was created on this so you're talking about four million views on the music video versus three million different videos no telling how many individual plays each video collectively got in this category but what we can do is just scroll and look at a few of them this one video on fast got 2.4 million streams this other one 1.7 million 1.6 million we're already clearly above the amount of plays for the music video 1.3 million 1.2 million 1.2 1.2 1.1 right now just 70 that like we're slowly getting down there right but it's going to take a while and we have three million of these videos so I guarantee you that these videos add up to over 31 million streams so let's stop and think about a few things one you will have a lot of people who hear this and then they go find it in other places because they're like yo I really like this song and then some of those views on the music video in the streams on Spotify they're coming from completely outside of tiktok people that hadn't seen it on tiktok so there's a huge portion on tiktok that only saw the videos posted on the platform and this is really going to lead to this second huge impact that tiktok is going to have that I'll mention at the end of the video but for now focusing on this you have to realize this means that a lot of people only know the intro basically they only know a hook to the song basically even further an article on the ringer calm called memes are the new pop stars how tiktok became the future of the music industry has a quote by a guy named Jack who's worked at companies like Pandora and United Masters and he said YouTube created a class of five minute content I'm curious if tiktok will create the 15 or 60 second song and then that journalist writes the era of the tiktok single is upon us and why are they saying this well one of the biggest arguments that I stated on why I see the 15 second song as a real thing and a real possibility is because it's all about formatting they mentioned YouTube just because of the amount of time that it allowed of content to be posted but then at the end of the day when people were playing around with the amount of time that actually creates an effective video on YouTube at a specific era it was around five minutes right and it's all about what the actual platform allows tiktok does allow for 60 second content which is why the person in the quote said the 15 or 60 second song but 13 to 15 seconds is where you see the most viral posts consistently on tiktok and that's important to consider so when we're thinking about content and format restrictions particularly around the success right where people are finding that people are going to mimic the areas and things that give them success on specific platforms and the limitations of whatever the success formula is is how people will adjust to once the content creators adjust to it then you have the consumers who become adjusted as well because they are consuming that consistently somebody who's born in 1980 or 1990 something they might not be completely adjusted to listen to really short music into them it sounds absurd but then you have somebody else coming up that is used to that format they hear a lot of the content and consume these bite-sized pieces so it's not that bad of a concept and to truly solidify how it's not just whatever we want to create what we think sounds good and more about the restrictions that force us to do things differently if we still want to find the same success let's revisit the old song that i mentioned earlier in this video fly robin fly now remember the thing that was so unique about this was the fact that it only had six unique words in the entire song we can count it out on the screen but what's more interesting is when you find out why they had only six unique words in the song so here's the truth the group who sang that song's name is silver convention silver convention is a west german euro disco recording act right the group is not from america in english is not their native language so when actually writing a song that they wanted to become a hit they knew they couldn't just create an entire song in german that would become a hit over in the us if they could that would be really really hard so let's just opt for creating a song in english however if the entire song was too intricate and unique it was going to be far too many words for them to remember personally so they needed to make it super simple and something that they could easily remember and perform over and over again the restrictions that they faced in this case not knowing english well enough to really be able to remember it forced them to create a different type of hit it just so happens making it super simple for themselves made it super simple for everybody else to remember right and now you can think about other people who don't know english and those other languages now they can know the whole song because you're only saying six words so before we get into how tiktok is secretly warping genres and music in ways that people do not realize i got a question if you sing something right if you dance to a piece of content if you remember it and then you hum it over and over again what's the difference is that not a song does that not qualify or do we have to go by what somebody else's definition is of a song is i'd argue that this is why getting again from generation to generation we're always arguing what's real music and what's not real music we're trying to define something undefinable so what's to say that 15 seconds isn't a song now i do understand that there's a large amount of people that waits for a larger group of people or some sort of perceived authority to acknowledge something before they can see that it's happening but ignoring the fact that this thing is happening right now this really isn't a future thing it's truly happening already in its own way not being able to do this just because it hasn't been acknowledged in media there's no clear data for this it's the same thing as waiting till 2016-17 where people were like yo hip-hop is the number one genre just because streaming allowed for people to truly measure its impact even though it had already been number one for like 15 20 years people who pay attention see this when it's happening and they understand it early on it's usually the big corporations right in the larger media that wait to understand these things because they're at the top which leads back to exposing tiktok's influence on music and again here's another quote from the ringer article and you'll be able to find a link to that article in the description below but a 16 year old girl said this who's using tiktok heavily but she actually has this instagram page that has compilations of tiktok but anyway the quote said i didn't really listen to rap before i got really invested into tiktok but i've been listening to a lot more starter rap which i have no idea what starter rap is because of it the thing to really think about and hone in on from this particular quote is the fact that the reason she wasn't listening to hip-hop or rap was because you know that just wasn't what she was into i guess right or that wasn't her environment she didn't perceive it as something for her maybe she didn't even like it she felt like no that's not from me based on the surface level perception of what's going on in hip-hop however once she got on tiktok right hip-hop is that genre that so much of the music is borrowing from so with that being said she's looking at all this content these 15-second snippets again and again and i'm being entertained through dance and these other types of content that are happening on the platform but the backdrop of this content is the music and a lot of this music happens to be rap that slowly builds familiarity it becomes a gateway into the genre itself and that's something that people who want to even bring more influence into a certain genre should keep in mind if you want to bring more influence into a genre then you need to hone in on platforms like this and get let's say your entire genre you can get all he all together if i'm in lo-fi or just some kind of weird nondescript type genre and then get those people to run campaigns and become familiar with people or get people to become familiar with you through other forms of content because now once they've warmed up right once they're primed to understand and and just like snippets of you the next step is an entire song that goes for an individual artist that goes for a genre at whole and it goes for so many other variations of what you're trying to introduce people to this is where it starts because at the end of the day the truth is people always say things like i'm not going to listen to certain type of music i don't listen to this i don't do this but at the end of the day it's not words but behavior that determines the actual result so when you even think about the fact that you know there's some people who are like man i would never do this i would never do that or when somebody got beat up and then one of the homies or somebody else who's watching on watching the video man i would have never took that i wouldn't do that if i was them but then the truth is they probably would have at the end of the day what a lot of people do not know is humans love to reject themselves into situations and inform you of how they would act but humans are also very poor at judging how they would act in particular situations i know i know you might be special you might be different but just generally speaking this is the truth people poorly predict and incorrectly overestimate the action of the masses based on their own opinion but then equally they underestimate how much their actions will be affected by the behavior of the masses in short people's conscious projections of who they are often disagrees with their subconscious which has far greater impact on their actual action and it might have something to do with the fact that a lot of times people often talk and know more about who they want to be versus who they actually are this is why marketing and branding works on people again and again and again this is why politicians sway people's opinions again and again and again because when it comes to media masses and just content in general a lot of things begin to happen whether we like it or not whether we know it or disagree with it or not and it's not a matter of opinion though the 15 second song is here and if you think about it there's probably a song that you know that you only know 15 seconds of even before tiktok you probably grew up just knowing a certain part of certain songs you never knew the whole song right in your head that song is already a 15 second hit yes there's a complete version out there but the part that's known the part that has the greatest impact in reach is only 15 seconds and as always this video is brought to you by brandmannetwork.com because I signed myself we help artists develop their brand and build their fan base so if you like this video go ahead like button if you like it you might as well share it and if you're not subscribe you know what to do hit that subscribe button