Hey curlfriends! I'm Bianca Renee and you're watching Bianca Renee Today and today you might be wondering why I'm dressed ready for spring break in the middle of fall. Well, it's because I'm not thinking about today, darling. No, I'm thinking about March 2022 when I get to travel to Costa Rica with you. Bars! I really just need to start my rap career. Yes, if you haven't heard the news, I am planning a Costa Rica trip with you, meaning I can take 20 of my curlfriends with me. Who would have thought that you would get to travel with Bianca Renee today and have all of your curly hair questions answered on vacation? So in today's video I'm going to tell you all the fun things, all the details about the trip that you need to know. But I do need to warn you that this trip has been live for about a week or so now and since only 20 people can pay to join this trip, there's already 14 spots taken, meaning I only have 6 spots left. So if you've already heard enough and you want to be able to travel with me, click the link in my bio and book your spot now because only 6 spots are available and I have no idea how long that's going to be available. So click the link, make sure you can still come. If there are still spots, let me tell you what this trip includes. So next year, March 31st to April 4th, I will be in Costa Rica with 20 of my curlfriends. We're going to be staying at a beachfront resort, darling. You know I had to go through all the hotels and pick the best one and this is the best one. Very Instagrammable, you know, it's all about the vibe. Super cute. So here are some photos of the hotel. It has, I think, two pools. It's right on the water so we can just go to the beach, we can go to the pool, we can hang out by the swim up bar. Like, oh I can taste the pina coladas now. So the resort is really cute. The rooms are cute. They have different restaurants already on locations. They don't really have to go anywhere. So I already love the location alone. So we're going to be staying 5 days, 4 nights at this resort and then the trip also includes 4 breakfasts, 2 lunches and 2 dinners. So all that is already included in the price. It also includes a pottery making class so we can get our ghosts on and make our actual own like pottery. I'm actually excited. I've never done that before. We're also going to be doing a tortilla making class because you know, I can't cook. So that'll be nice. I love some tortillas. It also includes a sunset sailing tour and snorkeling. So we could be on the boat together, taking pics and snorkeling with the exotic fish in the sea. And it also includes a curl friend workshop with me. We're going to spend like a solid maybe hour or hour and a half together where you can ask me any curly hair questions you have. I actually can feel your hair if you want. I could show you how to apply the product, tell you what my favorite products are, what products will work best for you. Like a one-on-one consultation so you can really leave the trip understanding how to rock your beautiful curls. I mean that alone is priceless. So if you'd like to come on this trip, that entire trip package cost $2,499. I did have an exclusive deal. If you followed me on Instagram, you already got that discount. And if you missed that, I'm sorry. I tell you guys to follow me on Instagram literally every single video and you should be watching my story so you don't miss any deals. But now that is the final price of $2,499. That includes your five-day stay at the Beachfront Resort, the snorkeling sailing tour, pottery making class, tortilla making class, curl friend workshop with me for breakfasts, to lunches, to dinners, and your transfers to and fro from the airport and to the hotel.  I do think I'm a pretty fun person to travel with knowing me. I'm probably going to be texting you guys in the group chat like, hey, we're gonna go to the bar tonight. If you want to come, we're gonna go to the beach. If you want to meet me by the pool, we're probably gonna do a random game night because that's just what I do. So to the people that have already booked, let me know what you guys want to do. The itinerary is not set in stone. We could do whatever we want. There is some downtime, some free time so you guys can go and explore and do whatever you want to do. If you guys want to go shopping, we can help each other take pictures. If you are also an influencer, this could be a tax write-off. You could be coming to pick my brain on how to become an influencer, how to do your curly hair, how to make curly hair videos, and this is all for your own research. So it's a business expense. Maybe you're coming to learn how to take the perfect selfie for Instagram on the beach with a Pina Colada. This is all for business research purposes. So that's all the fun stuff. Now let's get into the nitty-gritty. This does not include flight because this is open up to everybody. You can live in the US, you can live internationally, wherever you're coming from, I don't know how much your flight's gonna cost and it's gonna be a little bit cheaper to be flying from New York versus like Australia. So the flights are not included. You will have to book that on your own. Once you book, you'll get all the information on what time you should be landing so you don't miss our first welcome dinner and what airport to fly into. All those details will be sent to you once you book. Now if you're thinking, I really want to go, but I don't have $2,500 right now, I got you. All you need right now to book your spot before they're all gone is 25% down. So 25% of $2,500 is $600 and like $25. So as long as you have $625 now, you could book your spot and then you make payments as we get closer to the date next year in March. If you need even more time, they do work with a firm. So with a firm, it allows you to make payments. I think as low as like 160, maybe 180 a month and you could just make payments if that's more convenient for you. But if you want to know what we're doing every single day, click the link in my description box. You can see the full itinerary breaks down everything. I love a good schedule, but that's also kind of like a rough draft. I might be adding in some more fun things as time goes on. I might be trying to reach out to some other curly hair influencers might reach out to some brands who knows what we'll really end up doing. Just know that it's going to be a good time. They might be thinking like I really want to go but who am I going to go with? I don't know any other curl friends. This is where you can meet some more curl friends. All the rooms are double occupancy. So you'll be partnered up with another curl friend. So you're not going to be by yourself. You're going to be making friends on this trip. Trust me. But if you do want to bring a friend, you can just book at the same time and you guys will be paired in the same room. And if you want to come by yourself but you don't want to share a room, you also could just pay a little bit more to have your own room. But after five days together, we all are going to get very well acquainted and we're all going to become besties. Now the real question is those of you that have already booked are we wearing our hair curly on this trip? I know I'm calling it a curl friend trip. But Costa Rica is really humid. I've never been but I've heard it's humid. And curls and humidity don't really get along some kind of thing that I want to be in braids. It would honestly be the smarter thing to do if we all got our hair braided. I'll bring it up in the group chat. You guys can let me know. We might be speaking about our curls hypothetically because braids just just seem like the vacation move, you know, but I'll chat with you guys in the group chat. Safety wise, this is going to be next year next spring. And I pray to God that we're in a much better state than we are. And now hopefully the world will be open. Everything will be safer. That's what we're going for. Now I can't necessarily say that I'm going to need proof of vaccination or if you have to get tested because I don't know what the world's going to be like next year. And I don't know what Costa Rica's laws are going to be. US travel laws. Who knows? So if you're vaccinated, you're probably going to be for sure good to go. If anything, you might need to get COVID tested to travel into the US or out of the US or I don't know wherever country you live in, every state and country is different. So if you want to come, I hope we just at least open to maybe at least having to get tested if need be. I really just want everyone to be as safe as possible since we're all going to be hanging out every day. But that is everything that I think you need to know about my girlfriend trip. I would absolutely love, love if you were able to join me. I am going to bring my husband.  So he could hang out with my husband. They could talk about like video games and sports and other boy things. Well, we could do fun girlfriend things. So if you're watching this video and you really wish that this could be your Christmas gift and suddenly the video volume went very loud because your husband spouse boyfriend partner is now in the background and you're thinking, wow, I really wish I could go to Costa Rica with Bianca Renee today. That would be the greatest Christmas gift I could ever have. And if any of you have ever been to Costa Rica before or you live there, leave me some suggestions below. Where should we eat? Where should we go? What should we do? How should my hair be? Leave all your suggestions below and if you are down and you would love to travel with me, leave me a comment so I could recognize your name to your screen named when I see that you booked. Looking at the list of the people that have already booked, we've got some fun people coming, including Kobe Lomax, aka the guy I did the curly hair routine with, who's also the creator of ardent candles like the cereal candles. Yeah, he's coming. I might need to do a whole other workshop for the guys. We've got the owner of the new baby tattoo edges. She's coming. Like we've got some really fun cool people. I've got subscribers that have won past giveaways. Like I cannot wait to meet you guys in person. So if you don't want FOMO, what are you waiting for? Sign up right now before the spots are gone. There's literally only six spots left. So call your curl friends and book right now. If you enjoyed this video and you're hoping that I do more curl friend trips, give me a thumbs up and subscribe. I post new videos every week. You also can follow me on Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter at Ms. Bianca Renee. If you want all the quickest updates, make sure to follow me on Instagram and watch my stories. I'll see you guys next time and I hope to see you in Costa Rica. Thanks for watching Bianca Renee today.


We had two main things that really creating this environment where people are excited about growing learning that are also prepared to have a transparent environment with feedback, being uncomfortable. But the inclusion was the most important part because it's easier to bring diverse talent than to retain the diverse talent and the inclusion part, making it an environment where everyone feels like their voice counts and there is a performance metric that is fair and valid for everyone is extremely important. And the last thing that I would say is at least in these areas, marketing and technology, if you do not like to be uncomfortable, I wouldn't recommend these functions to anyone because with the pace of the change in marketing and in IT, if change is something that makes you uncomfortable and it doesn't get you to be at your best, it's going to be very difficult that you're going to be fulfilled and happy. So this would be the things that we look at when we are attracting talent. If there are people that they can be super skilled, super capable, but they are averse to change, that would be something that we would not bring in, for example, because that would be for the sake of diversity that is not going to stay. So we would avoid that.


Hello. Between World War I and World War II, England and the rest of Europe had a time of great economic peril. In the United States this is called the Great Depression. In England it was sometimes called the Great Slump, and the European Depression began much earlier than the U.S. Depression, starting in the early 20s. It didn't hit the United States until 1929. But the United States Great Depression was largely caused by the European Depression that was already happening. In Europe the Depression was of great concern because many people became quite desperate. And as people became desperate, they began looking at extremist measures of relieving themselves from the economic morass. If we look at England during the Great Depression, as we would call them in the United States, this economic depression that lasted about ten years, they call the Great Slump. It's no surprise, considering what you've read in class so far, that the northeastern part of the country, the old industrial mining part of the country, was considered pretty poor and pretty bad off. And by looking at the films Love on the Dole, by reading Orwell's The Road to Wiccan Pier, that area around Manchester and Liverpool leads in those areas were pretty bad off. And in Jero it was one of the cities that had really been hurt, and it was called the town that was murdered. Their shipyard was sold and then the plant closed in 1935. And this employed most of the men in Jero. And so there began a march organized by their member of parliament, Ellen Wilkinson, to come down to London to present a petition to parliament about their problems. And this is a photograph from this. It wanted to bring attention to the neglect that they felt. And Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin refused to meet with them, however, so many consider this a slap in the face from the government. And some of the factors that contributed to the economic downturn, of course, our own United States stock market crashed, which lowered the price on American goods, which began flooding Europe with cheaper goods, thus driving out their own goods. So our problems affected them. There was a trade imbalance, which resulted from this, and already existed. Most countries began closing their borders to cheaper products from other countries to try to boost their own economy. And this caused gold to flow from European banks to the United States, which also hurt. The fact that there were on the gold standard contributed to trade imbalances, because you had places like Great Britain and France on the gold standard making their currency stronger. The United States tried to maintain the gold standard, but eventually we left the gold standard so that undervalued our currency a bit, although made more in circulation. And there was also a problem with international banking and credit. Places like Germany, Austria, and Hungary shouldered with the burden of reparations from World War I, they weren't able to make that, and so they defaulted. And this caused an international banking crisis. And as you can see from this illustration, what had happened is that Germany was paying reparations to France, which was paying back the U.S. Treasury for loans during the war. Germany was also paying Great Britain reparations, which was also used in that to pay the United States Treasury. On the other hand, Wall Street bankers and investors were pouring money into Germany. Well, when Germany stopped paying reparations, this circle, almost like the old saying, borrowing from Peter to pay Paul, fell apart. And so this hurt the international banking and credit establishment. And so the effects of the Great Slump. Northern England suffered the most, and this included Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, partially because they were old industry. They were outdated. They were very labor intensive, and they couldn't stand up to competition from abroad in areas like coal, iron and steel. Unemployment grew to about 25%. This was about 2.5 million. The South, on the other hand, the southern part of England benefited. Most of these were newer industries, lighter industries, automobiles. Prices went down, and people could afford to buy more. And so there was better employment in higher wages in southern areas, so the country was divided in more ways than one. In the national elections, in August of 1931, you have a new national government. And if you look at some of these people, they become important later on. Lord Reading, Neville Chamberlain at the top, the bottom, you have Snowden, Lord Snowden, Stanley Baldwin, Ramsey McDonald, Herbert Samuel, Lord Sankey. All of these people were very important during the 1930s and early 1940s. The government in response to the Great Depression, to their depression, was a mixed bag. First of all, there were some harmful things. They raised the income tax, which many people couldn't afford to pay at all. They also cut employment pay, the so-called dole, and you see the results of that in the film Love on the Dole when they stopped paying people. The May Report had recommended this. There was also the development of a means test. If you were able to have some income, then they said, well, you weren't eligible for the dole anymore. So this means test, very hated test, which based your benefits, based upon your need, was reviled by many people. And they also raised import taxes, so only the wealthy could afford to buy imports. On the other hand, there were some good things that came about new housing. They established millions of new housing units and put local councils in charge of finding poor people to go into this housing. There was a free school milk. There were a special areas act, which was really beneficial to the South to bring light industry to the stressed areas, so rather than the heavy old labor-intensive industries to bring more modern industry into areas to hopefully provide more jobs. And there was also a centralization of public services. And this is like electricity and the London Transport, which is the metro system and the bus system, to better serve the people and not put it on a private owner. During 1933 to 1936, the nation was on its way to recovery. There were some reforms. They left the gold standard. This devalued the pound, but it also put more pounds in circulation. They lowered interest rates, so more people would be spending money rather than hoarding it. Unemployment started to go down, especially in the South, which was doing better anyway. Slum clearance and the housing boom replacing rundown poor houses, like you saw in Wigan Pier, with much better houses with these government houses. This helped the economy a lot as well. And there was some government assistance for poor people, and especially for industry. And then this Vacation Act, a holiday with pay act of 1938, also encouraged people to spend more money. We also have to look at the rise of fascism in Great Britain. You're going to read an article on this about the man pictured here, Oswald Mosley, who had very close ties to Germany, was friends with some of the high-ranking officials like Goebbels and the Nazi party. And he started the British Union a fascist. They had originally called it the new party that fell apart, and then they started the BUF. And there was a lot of violence associated with them. You'll read about the Battle of Cable Street in 1936. There was also the Olympia Incident, and so Great Britain passed a law about violence and marches in 1937 with the Public Order Act. The other person who was actually closely tied, or at least popular perception had him closely tied with the Nazis, was King Edward himself. King George V died in January of 1936. Edward the Eighth came to the throne. He was the one who was married to an American divorcee named Wallace Simpson. And in fact, she may have been still married at the time that she and Edward the Eighth got married. And so there was a potential crisis, and Edward, out of love for his wife, decided to abdicate the throne. And so his brother, Albert, came to the throne, taking the name George the Sixth.


Alrighty, so I have a construction update for you today for Canada's Wonderland that we filmed yesterday and I wasn't going to upload till tomorrow, but due to certain circumstances, I'm just going to upload this today in case they don't get to upload it tomorrow. Nonetheless, there's been a pretty big change on the construction site for the cliff jumping at Canada's Wonderland. So we've tried, we actually went to a new area across some of the highway to take off from there to see if the drone could pick up the flat ride area that where a flat ride is being built in the kids section. And unfortunately, no matter where we take off from the three legal locations, none of them can catch a glimpse of the flat ride. So we will unfortunately not be able to provide a drone update on the flat ride construction at all through the off season. We literally tried all three legal areas to take off from and no luck. Right now, I'm glimpsing over the park. So with the drone, whenever I fly the drone, I like to take a glimpse and see if I can see anything taking place on the wooden coasters. There is some weird massive plank of wood stretching upwards from Wild Beast, the top of the lift hill. I don't know what that is. I'm trying to figure out if that's normal and has always been there or if not, it's attached to the do not stand up sign and it goes like another flake maybe 20 to 30 feet up. So don't know what it is. Don't know what it's for. Can't comment on it. So as you can see, they are pouring the foundation and the perimeter of the what looks like will be the pool. So that my guess is that's going to be the pool for the cliff jumping experience and the cliff will be behind it. I actually see steel framework behind there, probably going to be where they build the staircase and the platform that you will jump off of and then they'll decorate with clay and whatever they use to make fake mountains around that. But nonetheless, I wasn't actually expecting to see this kind of activity so soon. I was actually kind of expecting to still see a dirt pile because, but oddly enough, it has been a really warm winter here in Canada. So pouring concrete makes sense. Actually, it seems like it won't be a problem at all. But nonetheless, this looks like they're in a rush to get it done, which is pretty intriguing. And the construction trailer is just off there in the distance. But yeah, nonetheless, looks awesome. Cliff jumpings coming to Canada's Wonderland. And yeah, foundations going in. I hope you enjoyed this video. Don't forget to drop a like comment and hit that subscribe button if you haven't already. Bye guys.


You know, Jack, it was interesting, too, that they wanted to try to work out an extension. Clearly they see something in gray that they want to keep him around, and I bring that up because the trade that they made with the Dodgers brought in Alex Wood, he has one year left on his deal. Tanner Roark is their one-year deal. A lot of these one-year deals, almost as if they're kicking the tires, are these guys a fit or are they not going to be, but they put a lot of faith here with an extension to gray. Right, and John talked about how his college pitching coach is there, so I'm sure he had a lot of input within the organization, and there were a lot of teams that were interested in Sonny Gray. You look at his road numbers, and we've talked about this. Yankee Stadium was the problem for him. On the road, he had an era of around three, so I think there are a lot of teams who looked at Sonny Gray and said, we can make something out of this guy. We can help make this guy successful for us. Again, keep the ball down. He's going to a ballpark where that's an offensive ballpark, too, so we'll see how he fares there, but it just wasn't a fit for him in New York. I've mentioned this a couple of times. I would talk to Austin Romine about Sonny Gray's stuff, and he would say, you have to see the movement he gets on his pitches. You have to see the late movement. It's unbelievable. I love catching him. Then you go out there and, okay, you've got to be able to locate those pitches. You could have great movement, but if your pitches aren't going where they're supposed to be going, you're going to fail. That's what happened with Sonny Gray.


This unit introduces the phonetic machinery for the classification of consonants. Consonants are speech sounds that involve some sort of abstraction to the airstream in the vocal tract. Using this criterion, we can set up two distinct articulatory parameters for consonants. For example, the place of articulation, that is, where does the abstraction occur? We can use the manner of articulation, that is, what type of abstraction is involved, and the third parameter is binary. It concerns the state of the glottis, that is, do the vocal folds vibrate or not? A further criterion concerns the type of airstream involved. Yet in this unit, we will concentrate on those consonants that are produced with a pulmonic airstream, pulmonic represented over here. We will not look at consonants produced with a glottalic or with a velaric airstream. These types of airstreams will be discussed separately. To understand the main articulatory parameters, we have to deal with some anatomical details about the vocal tract first. Consonants can be articulated at any point along the upper surface of the oral cavity, so along this line here. The point of this upper surface involved in the articulation of the consonant is referred to as the passive articulator. A passive articulator is a position in the vocal tract which is involved in the production of speech sounds but does not move. Starting at the front of the vocal tract, the following passive articulators can be classified. For example, the lower and upper teeth. Now the upper teeth are locations where the tongue makes contact to produce several different consonants such as thar or thar. The lower teeth are positions where the lips make contact to produce consonants such as thar and thar. Another passive articulator is the alveolar ridge over here. Now the alveolar ridge is an area for the articulation of many consonants. It is situated just behind the teeth. Typical consonants are thar, sa or ra. The palate or sometimes called hard palate is an area for a large number of consonants. It is often referred to as the roof of the mouth. A consonant would be something like chaa and then we have the soft palate or velum. Now this is a broad band of muscular tissue in the upper region of the mouth. Typical consonants are kaa or ga. Another area which is not really an articulator, a passive articulator but an area is the pharynx over here. Now the pharynx is used as a contact area for the production of some consonants such as ha. And then we have further areas which are not really articulators. For example the nasal cavity which is the main non-oral resonance chamber. Consonants that involve the nasal cavity are typically consonants like ma or na. In the back of the mouth we find the food pipe or esophageus. The trachea or wind pipe is used for breathing and for the airstream. And finally we have the epiglottis over here which is attached to the anterior part of the thyroid cartilage and it functions as a closure to the entrance to the larynx during swallowing. Let us now look at the active articulators. Now the organ which is moved towards a passive articulator in producing speech sounds is called the active articulator. An active articulator is actively involved in the production of speech sounds. Starting at the front of the vocal tract the first active articulator is of course the lower lip or the lips. Now the lips are actively involved in the production of labial consonants such as ba or pa. And the application of lip rounding or not to vowels. So vowels such as e which involves spread lips and y which involves rounded lips. Further active articulators are of course here the tongue. Now of all mobile organs the tongue is the most versatile. It is capable of adopting more shapes than any other vocal organ. It is involved in the production of all vowels and most consonants. Here we have the uvula another active articulator. Now the most noticeable feature of the velum is the uvula.  Ha at the very end. And then we have the glottis. Now the glottis is part of the larynx and it is the source of phonation. The position where the contact between an active and a passive articulator is produced is referred to as the place of articulation. I will now produce one consonant. I will choose a fricative consonant that is a consonant which produces a turbulent airflow per place of articulation. And I will do it between two vowels for reasons of better audibility. Let's start with bilabial consonants. Now here we can observe a constriction between the lips and the result would be something like a fa. The next place of articulation is the labiodental place of articulation where we can observe a constriction between the lower lip and the upper teeth. A typical consonant would be a fa. A fa. Dental, the dental Latin dentis, the tooth. Now the dental area involves a constriction between the tongue and the upper teeth. Here is a consonant. A tha. A tha. The next place of articulation is the alveolar place that is the alveolar ridge and it involves of course a constriction between the tongue and the alveolar ridge. Here is a consonant. A sa. A sa. The post alveolar area is just a little bit further back. Now here we have a constriction again between the tongue and this post alveolar area. An example of a consonant is a sha. A sha. The retroflex place of articulation is a little bit different because it is still the same place of articulation post alveolar but the tip of the tongue is slightly curled back and the result would be something like a sha. A sha. If we have a narrowing in the roof of the mouth that is in the palatal region we get something like a sha. A sha. And then the vela place of articulation involves a constriction between the velum and the tongue. A result would be a sha. A sha. And if we move further back and use the vela as a region, as a place of articulation, as a passive articulator with the tongue and the velum creating some sort of constriction we get a sha. A sha. And even further back in the pharynx we have the pharyngeal place of articulation. A result would be a sha. A sha. And finally, if the narrowing occurs in the glottis we get something like a sha. A sha. Let's now look at the manner of articulation. Now there are several ways or manners in which articulation can be accomplished. The articulators may completely close off the oral cavity for an instant or a relatively long period. They may narrow the space considerably. All the articulators may simply modify the shape of the vocal tract by approaching each other. The following manners of articulation can be distinguished and again I will produce one consonant per manner. In fact in each case I will produce an alveolar consonant. Let's start with the plosive manner of articulation. Now plosive consonants involve three phases. A closure, a compression behind it, and then a release. A result would be a ta. A ta. In nasal consonants we have an oral closure too but this time we have a velic opening allowing the airstream to escape through the nose. And the result would be an na. An na. Trills involve rapid closures and openings. Here is the result. Similarly flaps also involve openings and closures however this time we only have one single rapid opening and closure. The result would be a ra. A ra. The fricative manner of articulation involves some sort of constriction or narrowing between two articulators. The result is a turbulent airflow. The result would be something like a sa. A sa. If the airstream escapes at the sides that is laterally we can produce a lateral fricative consonant just like with fricatives it involves a turbulent airflow. A sa. A sa.  They involve an almost free air passage and are almost like vowels. Some people even call them semi vowels so an approximate would be something like a ra. A ra. And finally if the airstream in an approximate escapes at the sides that is laterally again with an almost free air passage we get something like a la. A la. Having defined the central parameters place and manner of articulation we can now turn our attention to the state of the glottis. Now most speech sounds are produced with a pulmonic airstream that is with an airstream that comes from the lungs so here are the lungs and this is where the pulmonic airstream emerges. The airstream goes up to the trachea here is the trachea and eventually reaches the larynx where it passes two small muscular folds called the vocal cords. Now here are the vocal cords seen from top. If the vocal cords are apart the airstream will have a relatively free passage like this one here into the pharynx and into the mouth. If the vocal cords however are adjusted so that there is only a narrow passage between them and if they are at the same time sufficiently relaxed the pressure of the airstream will cause them to vibrate as we see over here. Now speech sounds or consonants that are produced with the vocal cords vibrating are referred to as voiced and speech sounds that are produced with the vocal folds that are apart are referred to as voiceless. Now with these three parameters we can now classify the consonants of the languages of the world. Now here is the consonant chart and as you can see we have our two main parameters the place of articulation represented horizontally this is the place of articulation and the manner of articulation represented vertically so here we have the manner of articulation. The distinction between voiceless and voiced is drawn on the basis of the position of pairs such as p and b in the cells if you have a black and white printout of the consonant chart the voiceless one is always the one on the left so here represented in blue we have voiceless consonants and so on and the one on the right is the voiced one so here we have voiced consonants well and if there's only one consonant in a cell then it is necessarily voiced by means of its default value. Now I cannot produce all the consonants in this e-lecture I recommend you to use our interactive consonant chart on the virtual linguistics campus it's in the free section you can all use it even without creating your vlc account the big advantage of this consonant chart is that you can not only see the consonants and see a description of the respective articulation you can also listen to them and you can see the animation seen from the side in addition to this we have numerous exercises on the vlc so this time I'm not preparing or presenting you a summary of this e-lecture but I will recommend you to use the numerous tools available on the virtual linguistics campus interactive consonant and vocali charts animations additional exercises such as listening tasks transcription tasks and so on to learn more about the phonetic alphabet that is the symbols by means of which we refer to all these speech sounds I recommend you to take a look at the e-lecture phonetic transcription one and two


say and think long and hard about it and everything that it entails. Yeah and that's true John and I think a big part of it is too that sometimes people don't realize why exactly it's not a good idea to get the pup so maybe if I explain that it'll help them to understand it better as well because every year people still get pups for Christmas or they still give pups as presents which I find amazing with all the warnings that are out there but if you look at it through the head of a little puppy it's just left the smaller for the first time it's coming into a household full of manic excitement building up to Christmas people going here and there shopping extremely cold weather the busiest time of the evening it's a horrible time of the year to bring a baby animal onto anywhere because you're trying to toiletry in this animal you don't want to pee in the house and you're going to bring it outside into the dark the little pup is going to be terrified absolutely frightened and today as you know it doesn't know you it doesn't know your house it doesn't know anything that's going on around it it's messing it's mother really badly you know there's a lot of things leave it to the springtime is my advice when the days are longer the days are getting brighter you have a whole summer ahead with the door open to let the pup run and then out to toiletry and things are so much easier than if you go and do it at this time of the year so even if we are intent on on getting a puppy this is just probably the worst time of the year to get one totally the wrong time of the year because i would say the Christmas puppy starts back in september really because well september let me see september october november december january it takes earlier august people who are breeding dogs people whose dogs come in heat in august and i'm thinking they're the ones that are breeding the christmas puppy so i would suggest to them that any dog that comes in heat after august don't breed from it because it's only going to produce the christmas puppy or a january puppy too early its pups are just at the time they go to their homes you know and they're coming out at the worst time of the year like why would you do that to a pup you know and and they need a lot of attention as you say they're they're been separated from their their mum and their litter mates and they just need a lot of attention in those early months and at christmas it's just we're all distracted we're all busy and you know doing other things and and you just don't have the time to give yeah that's right and a lot of people totally underestimate how much time and attention a new pup requires because anybody who's had an older dog and the dog has passed on or whatever waits a while and then they get a puppy and a puppy is so much work i'm sure there's a lot of people right now saying yeah that's true because we didn't realize how much work they're sleepless you know um they need to be fed certain times of the day they need to be brought on and out nearly every half hour to go to the toilet that's a massive commitment you know and at this time of the year everybody as you say so busy so full of going out here in the air parties whatever um and Santa's coming and children beside themselves with excitement totally the wrong time of the year to bring a baby animal into a situation like that and then there's all the tasty things the well tasty to us and tasty to dogs as well but all the wrong things i'm thinking about you know all the chocolate that's around and all the rich fatty food and uh you know downright dangerous in some cases for the it is yeah and the the problem with it is because we've often covered foods that are not good for dogs like the onions and the garlic and the raisins and all the things that go with it um you know um there's a huge number of foods that you shouldn't give your dog but at this time of the year the biggest offender um apart from the dog stealing the box of chocolate which is a huge offence um because it can severely damage the dog you can kill the dog that eats too much um but the biggest offender is really um turkey and ham because you think you've been good to your dog and dogs can eat turkey and ham no problem at all but not on the amounts that some people give them over christmas there's no option like use to it it takes time for the dogs to actually get used to a certain food if they're not used to it and if you're overloading them they end up in the vet knee surgery and they're miserable absolutely miserable um you know there's they're so sick and everything um it's horrible so don't overfeed your dog with any of those if you want to be good to your dog and there's a lot of turkey and ham left over what you can do is you know chop it up into bite sized pieces and put it in the freezer and then you've got it for weeks and months to come you know and you can give them out as much as you want then you know time and time again as treats and things for working with them or come on back when they're called or whatever um and you still have a lot of treats so don't give it to them all the one day or then throw it all out you know use the stuff but keep it well we we happened to have uh well it was a bit of a turkey disaster but it got a long story short there was a lot of turkey last year and in the end up and and i gave i gave a big lump one evening to a tariff fella and you know what the smell the smell that night would just absolutely toss toss you and it was obvious that is is stomach just couldn't handle it they definitely can't and you don't want the smell that's coming back in because it is horrendous again some gas you know it's upset the stomach completely you know um i've like eaten a couple of tons of beans you know what they would come up that would be like so you know it's not fair to the dog to actually do that to them you're not being good to them and you're not being kind to them so if you give it to them in smaller amounts um as you build it up then the dog is fine with that but you know as treats but don't be giving them huge amounts you know just because you think it's great here some meat okay small small bits of the turkey and ham okay but not not in any large amounts yeah that's right and and this weather catling and there's a lot of dogs and we think smaller dogs or short haired breeds that might be a bit cold and any advice is it okay still to take the dog out for a normal walk it's okay to take the dog out for normal walk because you're actually boosting the circulation it's good for dogs to walk like a sale because sitting around all the time is no good for anybody either and but you have to be very mindful of older dogs because older dogs will be very very cold in this weather um and their circulation might be as good as a younger dog would be as well the other thing you have to watch out for is that not all dogs are indoor dogs some dogs keep dogs outside for various different reasons and you have to be very mindful of water the water could ice over and they wouldn't be able to actually get water so you need to make sure that they're they it's broken and that they get some fresh water regularly um even if you have to put a tiny drop of hot water on to it just to kind of make it more tepid so that it doesn't freeze again so quickly um so there's a lot of things to be mindful of with dogs but you know for short haired breeds that don't have the same coverage in the coat or dogs that are kept indoors all year round kind of thing then they may need a coat at this time of year because they simply don't have enough hair basically to keep them warm for dogs that are outdoors as well they deserve you know a dry draft proof bed you know somewhere shut off maybe in the corner of a shed where it's closed off in a smaller area um and there's no drafts coming in and you you could even put a hot water bottle under the blankets just to warm it for a bit you know um if you want at night when they go out but for some people do and it's not really fair the dog either the dog is out a lot of the time but then they bring it in in the evening time and the dog is in the house in the heat all evening and then put it back out at the coldest time of night when the dog is absolutely frozen you know so all night long shivering after being in front of a range or a fire all evening you know yeah so don't do that keep the dog in at night if you want to keep it and if you have to put it even onto a train and create or a cage or a small room or something it's better indoors at night you know rather than putting them out if you can do that at all even if your dogs is normally outside been outside or in a shed outside these nights would be particularly cold off could you imagine lying out on that yourself I mean dogs if we feel the cold they feel the cold as well people think just because they have hair that they don't feel the cold the same but they don't realize that some dogs have a very thick double coat other dogs don't have that and they're frozen they're absolutely frozen you know uh uh uh texture says I have a two-year-old miniature schnauzer she barks at people she doesn't know especially those who come into the house she relaxes and stops barking once they're in the house we've tried everything to get her to stop but to no avail so what are they doing wrong yeah schnauzers are actually quite sensitive anxious little dogs at times when they're young in particular and they're very high-pitched bark and they just go off their heads when they see something they're not sure about sometimes and that dog sounds like it's just scared basically it just sounds like it's a typical schnauzer that's just unsure and the more the key word there is we tried everything you shouldn't try anything at all leave the dog alone you know put the dog away tell everybody to ignore the dog completely you'll get a much better result if you just ignore the dog completely and let it come on its own time let it come up and have a wee sniff and then go back again don't even attempt to touch it don't make any eye contact carry on as if the dog wasn't even there and drop maybe a tiny treat every now and again you know away from the chair you're sitting on you'll find all of a sudden the dog's going to come up looking for someone and eventually actually take one out of your hand if you want you'll become friends that way and the dog won't freak out as much so give the dog a bit of space and a bit of time to actually suss out the situation and to get to know that you're not a threat and so you know they may bark a lot in the beginning but they will stop at some stage and they'll go away and if it comes too much and you really need to talk then for the dog's sake you know you can put it in another room in that moment but then use somebody as a decoy to come in and practice this with them so that the dog gets used to it because the dog needs to practice with different people over and over again and with that method of doing your best to ignore them and they'll eventually settle down would that be a unique to miniature schnauzers or would it be for all dogs who you know bark their heads off when somebody comes to the house you know fear is a dreadful thing and it goes across all breeds there's like you could have sex collies sex rottweilers you will get a fearful one among them you will get an anxious dog among them you'll get a dog that's full of confidence among them they're all different personalities the same way that we're all different personalities and you know some of stronger personalities some have you know but more anxious personalities and for the ones that are anxious or fearful they need the space they need the time to be allowed to come out of themselves and gain the confidence to know that the world is not that unsafe it takes some dogs a little bit longer than others but you know stay calm don't the dogs excited enough and upset enough without everybody getting excited or upset around them unless none the molly coddling them is not necessarily the way to do it because they may perceive that as you've been scared as well so you know you can have them and just be matter of fact beside them you know even bring them over to sit beside you for a minute so they feel about the confidence just actually sitting beside you you can let them go out of the room leave the door open so they can actually leave the room if they want to and come back in and have a peep if they feel like it but they'll eventually come in and they'll eventually make up with you and they'll get to know the people who come regularly to the house and then they'll look forward to them come and they'll get excited especially if they drop treats as they walk in through the door or they drop treats as they're just sitting there talking to you having a cup of tea but take the attention off the dog okay because the dogs can't handle it's like a shy child the worst thing you can do is take an awful lot of attention to a shy child because they just curl up on the ball and want to get away from it you know someone else wants to know how they can get their dog to stop chasing cars yeah well chasing is a natural and a normal thing for dogs to do you'll see colleagues often years ago especially maybe still a couple of ones do it when they shouldn't because it's illegal to be out of your own property but they would chase the car as it goes past on the road or they chase bicycles and chase people yeah chasing is a very common thing that a lot of dogs like to do number one I would say how is the dog allowed to chase how are they out there chasing how are you free to do it because they should be under supervision and they shouldn't be free to run and chase whenever they feel like it because sometimes people think that they've been good to a dog when they allow them a lot of time out by themselves but what they're doing there is a dog that has a lot of time outdoors by themselves is only learning to chase birds to use themselves to bark at things to chase cars you know they're not learning anything useful or healthy so keeping dogs close to you and teaching them things is a far more benefit to them so you know bring the dog and you know keep it maybe sense off to the back of the house so that the dog can stay at the back of the house because obviously the dog has access to chasing so you know there's a lot of different ways that you can deal with that but the first thing you need to do is be able to know that your dogs contain so that they can't do harm in the first place because if the dog's not under control then it's going to do some damage at some stage to somebody or get killed you know itself and that's not good you know but chasing you know put them on a long lead and have a decoy of some kind go and die get the help of a neighbor or friend or something like that and when they when they're thinking about to go that's the time that you need to stop them when they're about when they're thinking because if they're already on the wrong you're too late you've missed the moment when they're thinking about going and have them and then you know tell them no that's not what you want and then reward them when they don't decide to go because they will eventually give up that jump on forward and they will eventually settle down and then reward them for that and then make the lead longer and make the lead longer to give them the choice of actually chasing if they want to go and chase but still can't get away from you and when they're about halfway out call them back and that'll let you know then if they're listening to you if they're not listening to you because dogs that chase very often are dogs that are territorial they have problems in other areas as well they're not getting enough proper mental stimulation and exercise and you think wrong after care on after basically that's exercise it's not that's just winding the dog up and creating a dog will eventually probably become aggressive so you don't want that to be happening so keep the dog close to you work with your dog teach your dog you know uh right from wrong basically because they're dependent on you to do that it's always and especially dogs who are out now especially at the time of the year my huge problem at the time of the year is how people are still not getting the message that dogs are killing sheep you know and sheep livestock are everywhere the sheep are having lambs there's huge damage been done every year for dogs that are free to chase whoever they want um and they're a huge liability so you know keep your dogs under control you need to know who your dog is at all times um because just chasing and that's killing sheep and all it's great fun for the dog at the time because that's their natural instinct they're not actually doing anything wrong because that's what they do naturally as dogs but what's happening there is it's the fault of the owner who has allowed them to get out and run the chase and the worst time for dogs to take off are dogs that are not fenced on their own property that have access to other properties or can go on to the road and that's when you put them out for the last pee at night or you put them out for a pee in the evening when it's dark and they don't come in after five months and you think where did the dog go and then he'll be back and a few minutes he goes away for half an hour and he comes back that half hour could be where he just killed ten sheep you know and he comes back and you're none the wiser yeah yeah i might there might be nothing wrong with the dogs not the dog's fault might be a perfectly good dog but just is doing what dogs do so it's it's up to us to keep control that's right may team up with another dog or two who's done it before and the next thing you've got a couple of dogs acting together and you know you've got a hunting team them you know and poor sheep have no defense against that and every year it's like the christmas puppy the sheep has mentioned every single year and the sheep problem and it still continues every year so you'll wonder how people are not getting the message keep your dog where you can see it if you can't see it if you're too high right now or know that it's been you know locked down behind the gate or it's in the house or whatever then you need to be going looking for that dog right now to find out where exactly it is because it will get into danger it will do harm or it will be harmed itself going back to what we're chatting about dogs been kept in an outdoor shed in this weather and caller says there's an argument in our house about our dog he's a sheepdog very much an outdoors dog i want to take him out in the cold weather he seems fine and is spending more time outside his house than inside what should we do yeah well um as you're working sheepdog um we're not a hundred percent sure about that and he's a sheepdog very much an outdoors dog so i want i want to take you sorry i want to take him in that's sorry i might have read it wrong there i want to take him in in the cold weather uh but he seems fine and is spending more time outside his house than inside so what should we do yeah well there's two things come to mind there number one is there's no such thing really as an indoor dog or an outdoor dog depends on their coats i think it is i suppose if they're outdoors and they need to come in or they need to coat or whatever but um a dog is a dog so you can have um some people keep dogs out in yards as sheep dogs as yard dogs as whatever all of those dogs also the very same dogs also live as pets inside people's homes as well and live very happily um so there's no such thing as an outdoor and outdoor dog so you can there's no breed that's particularly supposed to be outdoors or indoors so if you've got a collie that's outdoors and it's a young collie and it's run around then chances are that collie's coat is thick enough to be outdoors obviously young dogs tend to not bother going up to kennel so tend to lie outside a lot of the time they'll go on at night and call up if they're very very cold but if you want to bring the dog and there's a pet there's no reason why the dog can't come in as a pet but remember if this dog is more used to being outdoors then it's not house trained so but dogs that are maybe over a year old or whatever that have been raised outdoors are used to go to the toilet outdoors so therefore they toilet train much faster because they would prefer to be outdoors whenever they go to the toilet so when you're working with a dog you're not interested at all in what the dog prefers what you need to be doing is deciding for yourself as this dog for you to come into the house can you come into the house and be tired of the house and learn you know what he needs to learn house manners basic house manners um he can go outside when he wants to play you know the dog's been well fed you know the dog gets fresh water you know the dog has been exercised you know the dog has always needs been met so there's nothing for the dog to be demanding now every dog has a personality and some dogs like something a little more than others some dogs love for it some dogs don't eat fruit at all fruits not particularly good for dogs they don't be given too much but vegetables and things dogs can be they're like us they have individual tastes so get to know your dog get to know what they like and then you know provide for their needs but no the dog can come in if you want to bring the dog in but remember that you're going to have to house train this dog too so be fair to it and let it go back out maybe every half hour to have an opportunity to go to the toilet if it wants to um then bring it back in again but confine the dog don't get the dog the wrong of the whole house especially if it's a male dog because she's going to get that dog is going to come in and lift its leg and pee on the sofa on the curtains and everything else and you're going to be pulling your hair out so the dog needs to be confined either on a lead or on a crate when they're coming into the first time till they get to know that the house is not a playground so i'm a lecturer and everybody else here you know i think i think so more than enough gathleen but no it's all good it's all it's all good solid advice anyhow we do want to bore people to death no no no dog that goes anyway yeah yeah no far from it but i you know i think people can tell you're passionate and anyway listen we've we've run out of town gathleen thanks to million for all the advice that we've we've helped some people and happy christmas to everybody at high land and all the last years and the same day have a great christmas all right okay hello dream inspector 50 grand got it wait 10 winners of 50 grand each every tuesday and friday so every euro million's draw till christmas is guaranteed 10 irish winners of 50 grand each


Remember way back when Trump warned us that the American media had become an enemy of the people? Wait a minute, didn't Reuters take part in a campaign to label legitimate news, Russian disinformation, which ended up manipulating the outcome of an election? Yes. Who is it at the White House that is really keeping track of this? So look, this is something that we're certainly keeping an eye on. Journalists and reporters are supposed to be a check on power, not assisting that power in violating constitutional rights. Trump was right. Nobody in that room filled with reporters rebuked her attack on a fundamental constitutional right. All you hear from these people is how they want to enshrine abortion in the Constitution. But the First Amendment is already enshrined and is that stopping them?


So do you guys want to earn super fast XP and level up that character from a real early level? Well today guys, I've been you probably the best method in the game right now Okay, so this method will see you earn in absolute tons of XP without even breaking a sweat It's gotta be the best way in the game especially For early players as well. I mean it works for all levels as a matter of what level you are if you have to Leveling is a level up to do. I don't know a quest that's got a level requirement This is perfect for that But hey now I have your attention guys if you do enjoy the video leaving a like really helps me out and if you like what you see I'm gonna see more Hogwarts a legacy on a daily basis be sure to subscribe and turn those notifications on Okay, so this is what's got to be classed as some kind of exploit. Maybe I don't even know But it senses around you going to those battle arenas now just show you on the map I'll show you the locations of these right now are free for the Lux edition owners because we have the dark arts battle arena But if you don't own the deluxe edition or the dark arts pack, you won't have this arena But the other two you can go to so soon as you're free to explore the open world you can travel to either or the other two battle arenas Enter them normally by shooting vases or doing something else.  It's definitely worth your time doing it I don't think there's any other method in the game right now even doing quest missions I don't even think they're quicker than this. So yes guys take advantage of this while you can It's probably I'm gonna be in the game for long Yes people those battle arenas earn you a ton of XP go into them abuse them Put your difficulty setting on the easiest mode possible and well just farm away and that easy XP And it really is as simple as that Guys if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps me out If you like what I see you want to see more Hogwarts on a daily basis Be sure to subscribe and hey if you want to join my discord talk about Hogwarts share secrets This and the other you'll find that link down below too guys. Thanks as always for stopping by and hopefully I will see One that next one


Taking responsibility and taking accountability is taking control of a situation, that's what it is. You are basically taking control of everything that just happened by saying I am accountable, this is on me, and then immediately you're put in your position where you can now solve it and you can now get better. What's up everybody and welcome to the show today. We drop great content each and every week and we wanna make sure that you guys get notified and in order to do that, you're gonna have to smash that subscribe button and hit that notification bell and if you've gotten a lot of value out of this, make sure you give us a like and share our videos with your friends. The other attribute that stood out to me in the book as interesting, maybe even counterintuitive to what we hear in modern media is cunning, right? It's a term that many probably have a negative connotation to, but of course, it much like narcissism can help us reach those goals we have in our lives and make us successful. How did this attribute come about in your research and what lessons did you draw from it that might be counterintuitive to those in our audience who have a negative connotation around being cunning? Yeah, yet again, it was introspection because I think at the heart of the Navy SEALs, one of the most predominant attributes amongst Navy SEALs is cunning. And the reason is because special operations forces to begin with were created basically to frustrate and agitate the enemy, to basically do things that the regular forces couldn't do, sneak into areas that other people couldn't get into, be invisible, be ghosts. And that took cunning because you were going to, you're going to areas with small units, small groups of people that if you got caught, you were done, right? There's no way you'd survive. And that took a way of thinking that was beyond and outside the normal perceived boundary. So it's really, I mean, in essence, cunning is thinking outside the box, I mean. But ultimately when I kind of give you, if I give you the SEAL example, I kind of use a medieval fantasy example on this. If you think of a tower with a princess in it guarded by a dragon and the king wants to save the princess, right? So he sends his best knights every day to go slay the dragon and save the princess. And every time that the knight goes and tries to slay the dragon and gets killed, right? And then finally the SEAL shows up and asks the king, hey, what's the mission? And the king's like, save the princess.  And the SEAL will begin to figure out a way to save the princess without even touching the dragon, like going around, this is cunning. This is where you start thinking and taking a problem. Because a lot of times when we approach problems, we attach to that while we're trying to solve it either preconceived or even imagined boundaries and rules and constraints, right? And the cunning person is someone who asks the question, are these rules bendable or even breakable? And if they are, and if I do, what are the consequences? Okay, because if the consequences aren't dire, then you're gonna look for ways around. But I think entrepreneurs and people and innovators and iconoclasts, these are people who are cunning. They think outside the normal scope of what other people think and part of that is cunning. So yes, cunning used maliciously is bad. It really is.  I mean, this is a cunning dude who used it for good, you know? So cunning used for good is different than cunning used for bad. And I think we should separate the judgment of the word from the actual word and put the judgment on the action, not the word. Such a great point, I think. Again, we have these connotations in our head and these ideas that have not been tested and not looked at and introspectively viewed. So of course, when we look at others, it's easy to label. Well, we have to look in the mirror and look at ourselves and say, okay, who do I want to become and what are the attributes that are important in becoming that person? It's interesting in researching for this interview and reading the book that you throughout your career have faced down your fears. So at the start, you said you wanted to be a pilot but you're afraid of heights. We heard that you're also fearful around public speaking but you mentioned now a big part of your career is just that, facing down these fears, jumping out of planes, facing a giant crowd and actually speaking to them. How do you face your fears and what can we learn from that to face our own fears in our lives? Yes, so there's good news here and I think, Johnny, you had mentioned that human beings inherently, I'm not sure which one you, but we're wired to kind of feel safe, right? And we want to feel safe, which is true. We do want, and I would actually, I would modify that to say, instead of safe, I would say certain. We like certainty in our lives, okay? Which is synonymous oftentimes with safety. The good news is that we're also wired to step into our fear. And here's why, because fear is, experiencing fear means that we're experiencing something and our amygdala in our brain is getting tickled, right? We all heard of our amygdala, it's our threat detector in our brain, all right? And when that starts to ramp up, we can, we start to feel that fear, okay? And if it ramps up too much, we get into a amygdala overload, which means we're acting without thinking. And in any type of amygdala ramp up, we're starting to be given two choices. Our brain is starting to give us two choices. Either fight, which is step into the fear or flight, retreat from the fear. Now, there are specific circuits, there are specific circuits in conjunction with either one of those choices. Now, we've also heard of the third choice, which is freeze. But what they've realized neurologically is that there is no freeze circuit. What freeze really is, is an oscillation between the two. They're deciding whether or not you should fight or fight. When we decide to fight, when we decide to step into our fear, that switch goes off in our brain. And as soon as that switch gets clicked, we get a dopamine reward. We get rewarded for stepping into our fear. Now, this doesn't mean we're stepping in and we're done. We've accomplished the goal. It means every single step we take, we get a dopamine reward. This is actually by design, by nature's design. We were designed as a species to go explore, to discover, to go find new territory, go find new shelter and food. It's what's in fact caused us to go from cave dwellers to space explorers. In fact, that we're actually, in fact, rewarded when we step into our fear. So I think, and I didn't understand any of this while I was a seal, by the way. I think what I did understand, I think what seals and those people who actually more habitually step into their fear is what they've experienced and they've kind of realized is this reward that it feels good to do it, you know. When you step in, it feels good. When you step in, it feels good. And it's encouraging you to go. So I think any one of us can actually practice our courage. You know, we could practice our courage by doing things that scare us. Now, it doesn't have to be extreme, okay? You don't have to go skydiving tomorrow, right? You can, if you're an introvert, you can start a conversation with a stranger.  I don't know. Whatever that is, but just notice when you do it, when you step into it, notice the feeling you get because it's a, it's a reward system and it allows you to keep going. So, so I just think I've been fortunate enough to somewhere along the line early, I guess early on, have made it more of a habit to step into those things that, that I don't, you know, that kind of make me, might be frightened, right? Whether it's heights and I didn't, I never put flying in the category of heights. And when you're in an airplane, it doesn't feel like, at least for me, it doesn't feel like I'm high up. It's really open heights jumping out of airplanes or, you know, things like that. But yeah, every time I did that, I had to proactively step into it and do it. And then when I was getting out of the Navy, I realized, you know, based on some things I wanted to talk about and kind of put out in the world, hey, I should probably get good at public speaking. And I don't like public speaking. So what did I do? I said, well, let me find a job where I'm doing that all the time, you know, and practice it. And so, and so now I've, yeah, I've gotten to the point where I no longer, I've inoculated myself, you know, I no longer feel the same fear going into a public speaking event or, or, now I haven't jumped out of airplanes in years, right? It's been, it's been quite a while.  So, so you have to practice it, but, but we can do it. And it's a reward system that we should, in fact, capitalize on. We drop great content each and every week and we want to make sure that you guys get notified. And in order to do that, you're going to have to smash that subscribe button and hit that notification bell. And if you've gotten a lot of value out of this, make sure you give us a like and share our videos with your friends. You mentioned about stepping into fear and making it a habit. And, and I think that's important for people to realize, and when you accept responsibility for the choices that you make, knowing that there are consequences to those choices, eventually you make your way to taking responsibility for even the presentation that you're putting out there. But also you're going to get to a place where you're taking responsibility for how you view those fears. And, and, and we have opportunities every day to start building habits to step into that fear. And I, and I, it's difficult for people to understand all those opportunities that they have without accepting that responsibility. Totally 100% agree, 100% agree. And it's, it's, so it's interesting account, you know, taking responsibility and taking accountability is an interesting thing because people talk about it. Hey, it's such a great, I have it as an attribute, right? And it is a great, and it's one of the leadership attributes. But sometimes people don't understand the power of accountability, right? Human beings want certainty, you know? And oftentimes certainty also means control. We want to be certain, we want to take control. Well, accountability, taking responsibility and taking accountability is taking control of a situation. That's what it is. You are basically taking control of everything that just happened by saying, I am accountable, this is on me. And then immediately you're putting your position where you can now solve it and you can now get better. You have taken the driver's wheel, taking control of everything that just happened regardless of whether or not it, it was totally in fact your fault, right? It's a process by which you can actually take control. And that's why it's so powerful. And when you have that control, as soon as you're in the driver's seat, you can drive that car wherever you want. And oftentimes you're gonna drive it and steer it towards learning development and growth. Well, there's certainly been decisions that I have made strictly on the fact, regardless of how I felt in the moment, that it's just, it's better for me and the results are gonna be more beneficial if I just go through this. When, it would have been very easy for me just to say no. But again, it's taking responsibility for those decisions and knowing what's on the other side and knowing what's best for me, regardless of how I felt in the moment. And the science is clear. Exposure therapy works when we're facing down our fears. It doesn't necessarily mean that you actually have to be jumping out of the plane, but even a VR headset that simulates that to allow your body to work through that fight-or-flight response in a meaningful way, practiced, measured, gets you to a place where that fear shrinks. It doesn't go to zero. You're not going to be fearless because it's a biological process to keep us alive, but we are wired that the more we experience some discomfort, the less painful that discomfort becomes. And that fear of the unknown, the uncertainty, doesn't have the same grip on us. And we practice that in our coaching with our clients in core confidence where we create exercises to step outside of your comfort zone. And that forms the building blocks of confidence. And I know you have thoughts around building confidence as well. It's been a big part of your career and success. So for those in our audience who are feeling a lack of confidence, and of course this last year has set a lot of us back, what advice do you have around building confidence in our lives to take action to face these fears? Yeah, I think the way I would define true confidence is this idea that you feel, it's not so much you know what's going to happen, you can anticipate or you have a bunch of skills. You, I think true confidence is knowing that no matter how, no matter where this environment goes around me, I'll perform, you know, and that's what it is, right? So, and I think what you said is both poignant and in line with what, with the answering the question. And that is when you are exposing yourself to something you are afraid of over and over again, what you're really doing is you're actually training yourself in those tools required to actually in fact buy down that fear. You know, and the way we do it, so fear is interesting. Fear is a combination really ultimately of two things, uncertainty and anxiety, okay? Both of those combine great fear, because you can have one without the other and fear doesn't exist. You can be anxious without being uncertain. That's like I got a presentation next week that I'm giving to the boss and I know the presentation and it's, you know, I know what it's gonna look like. I know where I'm going, I'm a little anxious, okay? I'm not fearful, I'm just anxious and I'm not uncertain. You can be uncertain without being anxious, okay? That's every kid on Christmas Eve, all right? So, there's no fear there. If you have both, if they start combining, you start to tip into fear, all right? And when you do, you can begin to buy down your fear by buying down either one of those, okay, those polarities. Anxiety is internally focused, it's physiological and that's, you know, people's dilating, breathing, quickens, all that stuff. You can begin to buy down that with physiological means. You can do breathing exercise, you breathe slower, you can do open gaze, you know, things like that. That starts shifting your sympathetic towards your parasympathetic systems. So you can buy down anxiety. What that's also doing is it's also bringing your conscious mind back online because when our amygdala starts ticking up and getting overloaded, our conscious mind begins taking it back seat. So by buying down anxiety, you're bringing your conscious mind back online. As your conscious mind comes back online, you can begin buying down uncertainty. Little bit more difficult because uncertainty is external, right, that's the world around you that it's going on without you controlling it. But you can do that by asking yourself some questions and we do this, seals do this all the time really unconsciously. You say to yourself, what about this environment do I understand, okay? And however, whatever that list is, however small, you look at that and say, okay, what can I control in this moment? You pick something and you control, you move towards that, okay? As soon as you make that movement, you get a dopamine response, you get a dopamine reward, right? And that dopamine reward allows you to then ask the question again, okay, now what can I control? Okay, now what can I control?  What exposure does, the way that we're talking about, whether it be VR or real, is allow someone to work through those processes mentally so that as they do it over and over again, they begin to get very good. They begin to understand exactly how to step through that particular fear neurologically. They know how to do it. And so that's why it gets easier. In fact, it's not that they're getting used to the fear. In fact, they're getting less afraid because this is what happens. And as you get less afraid, by the way, the amygdala starts to come up. You don't get that amygdala response. And when fear no longer shows up, there's no longer courage either, which means you don't get the dopamine reward, right? So you can in fact inoculate yourself so much to something that you no longer need courage to do it and you're no longer feeling the rewards of dopamine either, right? This could be the person who's afraid of skydiving and ends up doing 20,000 jumps, right? By the time they're on that 20,000 jump, they don't need courage to do it anymore. They're just doing it because the amygdala is not even getting tickled. So it's that process by which people can actually use. I love this. And what's interesting here and why a lot of people have difficult deciphering when it's fear or when it's anxiety is because it all comes from the same place. It begins in your gut. And it's difficult to separate what that is. And this is exactly why we built our core confidence program because it allows everyone an opportunity in a safe environment to have that feeling. And then as you mentioned, start to go down the list of questions to decipher, am I in a place where I can get harmed? Am I in a place where I can gain something? And if it's a place where you can gain something and then going through the cognitive processes to allow you to go through it and then be reflective and pull out of that something that makes you a better person. Yeah. Well, and what you're saying is really important because that first question is also important. Is this something that can get harmed from, right? Because sometimes flight is the right response. Right? Absolutely.  Fear is also by nature's design to allow us to appropriately assess risk so that we may survive because sometimes, yes, you need to run. It's not a good idea to step into it. And so I think that's an important distinction. Well, look at all the other mammals. When they even have that inkling of that hit of fear, anxiety that's going on, they bolt, right? The rabbit, the deer, they're out of there. What are they missing in life because they have this automatic response? We had this opportunity to work through these feelings but you're not going to learn how to do that without that reflection and then that understanding of what your emotional processes are to that stimuli. You're totally right, yeah. And I think nature can teach us a lot about that because we also see aspects of nature when fear causes them to fight too. The dog that bites you is likely biting you because it's afraid, right?  I mean, that bear is afraid of the cubs getting it. So nature, I mean, we're part of nature. I mean, we're animals at the end of the day, right? So we need only look to the animal world to learn some lessons about how we operate. We certainly have been given through our conscious mind some opportunity that other species, at least to our knowledge, don't have. But there's a lot of lessons there. I think for those in the audience who are feeling that fear and thinking about this, the most important thing that you mentioned is taking that step because fear locks us up. And whatever that may be in your life, that first step is gonna be the most difficult and then the next step is gonna be easier and the next step thereafter is gonna be easier. So when we're facing down those fears, reminding ourselves that that first step, it's going to be hard, that's okay. It is a part of the process that I'm working through. And of course, through experience, you realize that in other areas, really, that's where we get away from just situational confidence and we start building confidence that allows us in areas where maybe we didn't even know we were afraid and we have that feeling. And I think it's important because we have to understand that our nature designed our systems to protect ourselves from ultimately death, right? Or serious injury. And that's why fear exists in the first place. But we have to understand that in today's environment, especially in the first world environment, right? There is actually very few things that are actually gonna hurt us or kill us, right? And a lot of our fear is based on assumptions and predictions that are false. So I think a question that can be asked many times is, hey, what's the worst that can happen? And answer that honestly, because if you actually write those answers down, you're gonna find, well, actually that's not that bad. And that's, and certainly that's not bad enough to limit my desire or my ability to try, because man, the reward from trying is way, way better and more powerful than just maybe this bad thing happening. So I think that's a good question to ask. And test that hypothesis, because so rarely happens, but that governor kicks in. So test the worst. And science has actually shown that thinking through the worst and actually feeling what the worst result is lowers that fear innately inside of you. And even if it happens, I remember in college, there was a girl I had a crush on, and she was really beautiful, and she was very intimidating, and I had kind of just chatted with her here and there, and I never kind of got the courage, I didn't have the courage to kind of ask her out. And so it was one day or evening or whether I saw her out and I, okay, I'm gonna do this. And I went up and I asked her, and she said no. I'm sorry, I have a boyfriend. That's very sweet, but I have a boyfriend. So the worst happens, right? Because she said no. But I still feel great. And even to this day, I'm like, hey, at least I tried. At least I tried instead of thinking like, oh, I could be sitting here at 47 years old saying, I wonder what would have happened had I actually asked. Well, I asked, right? And I felt good. So even when you do fail, just the try, the step into the fear, that will also feel good, you know? Well, in rapping, we love asking every guest this question, what is your X factor? And with you, especially Johnny and I got really excited because we think semantically X factor is an attribute. And we built an entire year-long mentorship program to allow people to test and introspect in themselves to identify which of these attributes they have that they want to use as that strength to get ahead and succeed. And as we talked about earlier, many of us don't self-assess. We don't take that opportunity to be introspective or in those cases where we do, then create a life where we build out on those strengths and maybe build out some of those weaknesses. What do you overindex in? What is your X factor that's allowed you to be so successful? I'm gonna say humility. And I'm not gonna say humility in a sense that makes me not humble. Oftentimes when you say you're humble, it doesn't mean you're humble, right? I'm gonna say humility in the sense that I've tried to make it a habit to surround myself with people who I find way better than me, right? Who I say it myself. I mean, these people are intimidatingly better than me. And every time I've done that, it's forced me to step up my game. It's forced me to become better. And I remember thinking this when I went through SEAL training, I mean, got through SEAL training and looking around and saying, these guys are superheroes.  How did I get here? And I remember even going through my career, regardless of what echelon I succeeded to achieve or what specialized or elite commands I ended up at, I would constantly say to myself, these people are way better than me and I need to step up my game. And I think that type of humility, it's almost self-induced, throw yourself into environments where you're not surrounding yourself with people who you're better than. I've been able to do that and I still do that. I mean, listen, I have a couple of few very good friends who are very successful authors. And I said to myself, well, let me see if I can step up my game. Let me see if I can aspire to do some of the great work things that they do. So even today I'm trying to do it and I will continue to do it. I love meeting people and experiencing people and talking to people who are inspirational that way. Well, this interview has fired me up and I'm sure many in our audience want to find this self-assessment. So where can we go to take your self-assessment and find the book? Yeah, best place is the attributes.com, pretty simple. And yeah, you can get the book there, you can take the assessment. I would recommend if you're able to read the book before you take the assessment, it'll just allow you to take it a little bit more introspectively. However, that's not required. You can take the assessment like right now if you go get it. So it's easy and it's free. So the attributes.com, you can find it there. I have the book, the assessment. I got some workbooks on there that people can actually get that help guide them and coach them on how to develop each attribute, at least in the first three categories. I'm working on the leadership and team ability. And that's a blog post and then my Instagram handle is there and LinkedIn, you can find me there. So anywhere, the website's a good kind of catch-all. Awesome, thank you for joining us. Thanks for having me, it's been great.