What's going on everybody welcome back to some breaking news and Rafa Nadal is out of Wimbledon and the summer Olympics He's put out at both tournaments having just played the French open a couple weeks ago losing in the semi-finals to Novak Djokovic He bought out a series of tweets. Let's go read them. This is what Rafa had to say on Twitter Hi all I have decided not to play this year's championship at Wimbledon and the Olympic Games in Tokyo It's never an easy decision to take but after listening to my body and discuss it with my team I understand that it's the right decision The goal is to prolong my career and continue to do what makes me happy This is to compete at the highest level and keep fighting for those professional personal goals at the maximum level of competition The fact that there has only been two weeks between RG and Wimbledon didn't make it any easier on my body to recuperate after the always demanding clay court season They have been two months great effort and the decision I take is focused looking at the mid and long term More prevention of any kind of excess in my body is a very important factor at this stage in my career In order to try and keep fighting the highest level of competition and titles I want to send a special message to my fans around the world for those in the United Kingdom and Japan in particular The Olympic Games always meant a lot and they were always a priority as a sports person found the spirit that every sports person in the world wants to live I personally had the chance to live three of them and had the honor be the flag bearer for my country So there it is Rafa's statement through Twitter a series of tweets giving thanks to the fans as well And by the end of that it sounds like he's not going to play another Olympics Which means in 2024 Rafa might not be around which again, maybe that hints at a little bit of retirement Who knows but it's a smart decision. I think for Rafa not to play Wimbledon He did make the semi-finals back in 2019 So he is going to lose a lot of points from that, but I think it's a smart decision from Rafa I don't think he needs to play Wimbledon and of course the Olympic Games You don't get any points for that anyway He already has a gold medal so it's not a big loss for him in terms of his overall career and he can prolong his career We're probably going to see Rafa back at the US series So the US Open Series when they're playing on the hardcourts back in North America Which is good to see because he has to defend the title from 2019 all those points as well So smart decision from Rafa and we know he's had a brutal clay court season We've watched him play against guys like Sinti Pass and of course Djokovic in that semi-final Those matches were brutal and Rafa is not getting any younger. Let me know down in the comments below Do you think this is a good decision for Rafa or do you think he should be playing Wimbledon? At least play Wimbledon maybe not do the Olympics, but maybe at least play Wimbledon Let me know down in the comments below so we won't be seeing Rafa for the near future He's pulled out of Wimbledon and the Olympics


do not turn off your device. Pay attention to this message. This alert is from the SCP Foundation and is authorized by your national government. An anomalous entity referred to as SCP-303 or the Dormant may be in your area. You must follow the instructions in this alert to stay safe.  SCP-303 is not directly hostile to humans. However, it will appear behind a door, hatch, or other barrier when a human is alone. Before the door can be opened, the human will feel extreme and paralyzing fear. They will be unable to move until SCP-303 manifests. SCP-303 will de-manifest of its own free will or to avoid being seen by other human. Therefore, stay in crowded areas to stay safe. If SCP-303 is not forced to de-manifest by being seen by other human, it may remain in place for so long that the paralyzing fear kills through dehydration. It is therefore recommended that you remain in building with a large number of people as much as possible to ensure you are not left alone with SCP-303. The SCP Foundation is working on a method to re-contain SCP-303. Thank you for your attention and cooperation. Secure. Contain. Protect.


So, here we have Giuseppe Brocolo and he's going to talk about data science with Python. I hope you enjoyed it. Can you hear me? Okay. So, yeah. I'm Giuseppe, data engineer in decibel. I work mostly designing data pipelines. Just to introduce the topic of the talk, let me quickly introduce one of the most efficient pipelines present in NATO is the enrollment of a DNHA. It's one of the most efficient process from data pipelining point of view, but if you consider the speed of the enzyme involved in this process, the process will take 20 years. So the secret is that actually the process scales, so actually it takes 20 minutes. So this is a link to the repo presented in this talk. So I invite you to have a look directly to the code if you can, also because generally my code skills are better than my presentation skills, so if you can, please do it. So this is the outline of the talk. Essentially, I will present the requirements needed to deploy a good service in scale. I will present a simple prototype that needs to be deployed as a service in scale. I will present the roadmap, so all the steps needed for this, focusing of course on all the changes needed from Python point of view, and then just conclusions. So there is a document, it's called the 12-factor document, it's essentially a document prepared by Roku guys, where they explain in 12 steps how to essentially deploy a successful service in scale. I'm just summarizing here some points, so essentially just to present the situation, or essentially a good application that works in scale should be a stateless application. It should work asynchronously, this is generally actually something that is good always, not just to work in scale, should ingest input data as more as possible, not like files but more HTTP requests, even better if consuming a streaming like Kafka streaming and so on. We should avoid any persistence in file system, for example, configuration should be passed as environment variable, for example, also temporary artifacts, we should avoid them as more as possible, prefer in memory execution, in case this cannot be avoided, okay, rely on some backing services like, I don't know, some caching service, DB, cloud bucket and so on. Of course, one of the most important point is the portability and the easy deployment of the processing units, so Docker here is a fundamental technology for this. So the scenario, essentially let's consider a case when data science team deployed, sorry, has found a fantastic algorithm just to detect, for example, the anomaly of a Gaussian time series. The idea is to transform this in a responsive in scale service that ingest the time series via HTTP request. I'm reporting here just an example, for example, of HTTP request for this where the time series is provided in the body of the request itself. This is an example of code, it's really simple, I mean, it's just a simple function that rely on a moving window, essentially where it computes the average of the time series and essentially detects the anomalies through the computation of the standard deviation. Just NumPy and pandas are used as dependencies. So now we present the roadmap as promised in the abstract of the talk, five steps. The first step is to define an importable model, so transform the Jupyter notebook, for example, of the prototype, consider if Jupyter has the environment where the prototype has been developed in an importable Python module. So the idea is to create a package, so as you know, so define some init file where to include all the initialization of the package, for example, put the code as it is in a Python module, maybe checking, of course, the syntax because generally when we prototype the code is not always clear, so just taking a bit care of it, some flake eight check could help. And then you set up tools to create the module, put all the dependencies in the requirements file, and you can find all the more details in the link I presented at the beginning if you want. So the idea is this one, you can easily import the module, installing with PIP, there is no need of the source code in this way, you can just easily import the module in the environment essentially. So the next step is to expose a responsive point. This is actually a well-known pattern in Python in order to create microservices, so essentially using nginx and uwsgi with flask to expose the code, there are a lot of references in the web, so I will not go into details in this just, I would like to focus on the flask application, for example, so here you can see the ingestion of the data, so all is made in memory and is passed to a pandas data frame that can be used for the computation of the, for the detection of the anomaly and passed to our module essentially. So the third step is to make it asynchronously, consider that, for example, it can take sometimes for the processing, so for this we are using salary. The idea is to reduce the impact to the request as much as possible so in order to avoid just to send a request and wait for the response, so the idea is okay. As far as I'm able to collect the data, I will send a request and then I will, in a second moment, I will get the response asynchronously. So for this, okay, the idea is to use salary, so salary worker is essentially a scheduler of a synchronous task, the idea is to rely on a backing service, in this case we will use Redis, for this the idea is to submit the task into the Redis broker, the salary worker is able to get the task, process it and put the response in Redis itself again for the, to provide to the client the response essentially. So this is the change needed in the supervisor, I mentioned before supervisor is used to handle all the tool used inside the part of microservices, here there is the configuration of NGNX with WSGI and I added the configuration of the salary worker. Here is the change in the flask application, so we have to configure the salary scheduler and configuring also the Redis cache for the backing service, I use Redis as a secondary cache in order to store also the task ID of the submitted task, sorry for the gain and here is the configuration of the asynchronous wrapper that executed our method, the method that we implemented for the anomaly detection. So here is the change in the endpoint, so the endpoint is doing a sensory to handle both post and get request in the post, essentially it's really similar to the previous one, we ingest the data and we essentially pass to the salary wrapper. We have to pay attention that salary is not able to ingest not adjacent serializable input, this means that we cannot pass the pandas data frame as input, we have to serialize it into a JSON, so this is done with two JSON functions, for example here in pandas and that's all. So from the get point of view, the get has to just read the get, thank you, has to read the Redis cache in order to check if the asynchronous task have ended, have finished, so checking also the status of the task and returning eventually the output in the case it concluded successfully. Of course it has to handle all the secondary cache where the task ID are essentially stored, so the idea is to check for first the oldest task submitted, essentially. Of course it needed a change also from in our module because now we are passing a serialized input, so the idea is that okay, data scientist, we're thinking to work with pandas data frame so just give them back a pandas data frame as well, so the idea is to deserialize the input that is resized in this way. So the first step is to use Docker, do you know Docker, how many of you know Docker? Okay, a lot of people, fantastic. So it's a wonderful tool essentially, yeah. So the idea is to create, Dockerize our service into two containers, I will explain why I dedicated the container for the backing cache and of course define the container of our main application that includes all the nginx and all the Python code and the flask application and the seller as well. This is the Docker file essentially, I'm starting from an image that we have released is public you can use if you want. It's essentially an image that already contains nginx, UWSG installed, flask essentially and all the pandas installed in an alpine environment. So essentially once we have this image prepared, of course this image is inherited from an already existing image, this one. And the idea is to of course put our code and put the flask application here, just use PIP to install the module and that's all, essentially. Okay, if you want to test your Dockerized application, you can just use Docker compose for this, this is the configuration of the Docker compose to test it, essentially it deploy to services. So our main application exposing port 80 for HTTP request and the backing service based on Redis. So the idea is to part of course the Redis cache is configured through an environment as I was mentioning at the beginning, consider the 12 factor document and when inside Docker, the idea is to create a Docker network and within the Docker network the container just resolves through the name of the services you give, essentially. So once you deploy it, essentially you have a service ready to serve listening to port 80, essentially, where you can submit the HTTP request I presented in one of the first slides. So the last step, one you have verified that Dockerized service work is to, okay, just start the deploy in cloud, for example, using Kubernetes, so this is the engine that will be used to create our service in scale. So how many of you know Kubernetes? Okay, okay, a good number, a good number, okay, okay. So what is Kubernetes or there is a lot to say about it, probably I have to study a lot to know it very well, but just to give you some input, it's a way essentially to create dynamic cluster in terms of working units, so the idea you can define a cluster that can auto scale horizontally in order to provide the processing unit ready to ingest your data, your request, and so on, essentially. There are several cloud providers that provide Kubernetes, thank you, five minutes, that provide Kubernetes as a service in Google, in Amazon, and so on. So this is really good because in cloud it's really simple to just add workers, also physical workers to the Kubernetes cluster in order to scale and to deploy further processing units. So just to give some introduction to Kubernetes resources, I'm listing here one of the most important, not the only one, but one of the most important elements in Kubernetes. The most important part is the pod, the so-called pod that is the processing unit itself. Essentially it's an elementary unit that includes one or more containers, essentially the whole service that we, for example, the two containers that we defined before with the Docker compose, for example. Then you have the deployment, the deployment define how the pod are deployed in the cluster, and then you have to define a service so how the deployed pod are exposed to the rest of the world, so how the requests are ingested and so on. So you can find a full example in the link I presented at the beginning of the talk, and then you can define the so-called horizontal auto scaler, so you define how the processing unit really scale based on the request they receive. So here there is, without entering too much into detail, so this is, for example, the configuration of the processing units of the pod, the idea you can define, it's really similar the configuration to the Docker compose one. So you define essentially the two containers that deploy the service, essentially. The idea is to, okay, the image, generally in cloud, you don't build the image, you just put the image in some registry in the cloud itself, so you can put the already built image. You pass, essentially, you are able to resolve the ready sketch just as a local host, because inside the pod, all the containers are defined as a local host request. You can also define a limitation about the amount of resources that a pod can use, both in terms of memory, for example, or CPU, like listed here. In this approach, there is a problem, because, okay, just deploying a single unit where the backing service and the processing unit are together in a single pod can be fine in a static case, but in case of a scalable cluster, this is a problem, because generally pod are destroyed as far as they are not used anymore. It could be that you weren't able to get the asynchronous response in the meantime, so this means that your process has been lost, essentially. So the problem is that the cache in this case is volatile. To avoid this, you have to the couple, essentially, the processing unit and the ready sketch into two distinct services, actually. So in this way, the ready sketch is persisted. The idea, you can define the so-called cluster IP service in Kubernetes that it's a particular kind of service that accepts the request just within the cluster itself, and this is the change of the configuration of the pod of the processing unit. In this case, you have to change how the ready sketch is resolved, so in this case, it's resolved with the name of the service. The pod in Kubernetes for the ready sketch. So essentially, I presented all the five steps here. There are room for improvements. For sure, this is just a stupid example, but just to explain how to play a bit with Python in order to achieve these kind of services. As I mentioned before, the best would be to consume streams and publish in streams as well, the output. Important, we should make the backing service of all the ready sketch more reliable. This means not just creating a single ready container for it, just creating a cluster for some HA. And of course, one important thing also would be to the couple, actually, all the part of the salary worker from the ingestion of data, and make scale just this part, actually, because this is the part that needs to be scaled. Good, so I concluded, exactly, perfect. So I concluded, this is just a summary of the step we made together. Question? So does anybody have any questions? Nothing? One there. Good. More of a comment, really, and thanks for the detailed talk, by the way. I will phrase it as a question. I will phrase it as a question. I don't know how we've been very strict in that format. I apologize. Okay. Have you heard of ASCII, the asynchronous version of whiskey, essentially, and would that be more useful in this context than whiskey, particularly if you want to stream the HTTB response? I think you need to put the microphone closer. Yeah, no, I didn't understand the question. Sorry. Have you heard of ASCII, ASGI, there was a talk about it? Yeah, there was a talk before. Unfortunately, I wasn't there. I didn't know it before. Probably I will have a look for sure to it. I don't know. One thing that I like of Celery is that, of course, here I presented a case where the Celery worker was deployed locally with the Flask application, all the rest of the code within a single processing unit, but the idea is also to create a cluster of workers. So this is something that I like because it's really easy to deploy and it's really easy to deploy. So I will study for sure. I didn't know that kind of framework, so if it allows something like that, perfect. I have found an alternative to what I was knowing. I was citing Celery here before because it's just well known in the Python, of course. But thank you for, yeah, thank you. Any more questions? Anybody? No? Okay. Then thank you, Yosepe, for the talk. Thank you.


I think we could continue with the... No, you don't have to serve us the dance show if you don't want to. And you don't have to share a fairy story either. But I think we have questions in this audience, and I have my mic guy here. So how this happens is that you wave your hand and you state your name and where you're from and your question. So we have Johanna there and then here and then here. Hi, my name is Johanna. I work mostly in Sweden, let's just say. I'm a woman who writes in public and appears in public. And I've been incredibly blessed by basically not ever being attacked, even when there would have been perhaps in the minds of this group recent too. And even at this moment, as I say this out loud, and I know this is being streamed, I'm terrified that that in itself will make me a target. And every time, I'm sorry I'm going to cry now, but every time I publish something or every time I go to a live event, I'm afraid. And I shouldn't have asked for the word now, but how do we deal with this? What can you tell us? Because you guys are so brave. How do we... How can you give us some of your braveness? Thank you. Do you want to take that? Yeah. All right, so I think that's an appropriate response. It's really, really important to keep going and to tell everybody, especially women, that it is possible to keep putting yourself out there. I mean, I admire Kate and Anita for carrying on doing what you're doing. I actually find that spite is a really, really good interim measure, like emotional triage. Sometimes when I'm thinking, you know, I just can't cope with this anymore, I find that just thinking that if I move out of these spaces, then they win. You know, it's because the choice to leave and the choice to not engage is a choice to let the people who don't want women there win, which is one reason that we've got to stay, but just saying that I think sounds a lot easier than it is on a day-to-day basis, right? Yeah, thank you for your courage in sharing that. I totally agree with all that, and I would say, on a really practical level, having support in your everyday life that's not online is really important in dealing with any level of harassment, whether it's a cyber mob or a couple of hateful comments, which I think are just as horrific, and having people who understand and can be there for you or creating a community of people that can support you, I think has been absolutely crucial for me in being able to maintain doing the work I'm doing. And do you want to add? Yeah, just social change is never easily won, right? Our mothers or the people who are in the generation before me, they dealt with incredible obstacles, I mean, even just in their jobs on a day-to-day basis. I mean, at least we're able to have this conversation on a societal basis.  I mean, there is change happening. We are able to stand up here and have this conversation, and there's this amazing audience who's interested in engaging in this. So I think we just kind of, as these other two ladies said, keep fighting the good fight, because we can't... If we give up, then, yeah, we're never getting anywhere. Thank you, and I want to just squeeze in one more question, and we have in the end. Hi, my name is Brits Dexton. Thank you so much, and thank you, Johanna, as well. We had in Sweden an incident called the Instagram Riots, which was actually a site where they pointed out mostly young women, but also young guys from a school in Gothenburg. And I was sent down there to talk to students and teachers about what happened and giving them support. I'm just going to say, because we have sort of time with you. And what happened there is that all those young women that you met there that had given up, they were not even the ones on the site, but they had given up because they said, that's how it is.  We don't use it. They use it for one-to-one communication, but not for what Lori was speaking about, those really important aspects of the net. How shall we address that, as well, when you give up? Thank you. So one thing that reminds me of that I didn't get time to talk about is that not every woman who is targeted has the ability to share what's happening to them.  I think that we need to create a space, and I think part of the work that we do is about making it safer for women to speak up and creating a space where the next woman who speaks about it will be taken seriously. And so I think that it's about a larger cultural shift in both the structures of online and our societies to say, to encourage young women to continue to participate and to support them through that. Do you want to add? Yeah, it's really, really on us, and I think specifically as people who engage a lot online to support young people coming up because it's a very, very fraught time right now, but I would say that there are a lot of young women who either have given up or who have not yet found their voice and come into their power, but I am constantly stunned by the bravery of the young people who get in touch with me and the young people I meet, for example, at schools. In the UK recently, a 17-year-old girl set up a feminist society at her school was subject to an unbelievable amount of online racist and misogynist harassment. The response of the school was that we'll be talking to our young women about how better to protect themselves online in the future. Exactly, right? And the school thought that this was fine. But that society is still going. Those young women are still out there making their projects, sharing their stories, and I think something really is changing. I mean, I speak a lot about... I don't just speak about women's right to speak. When we've done the work of creating that space, you have to find things to say about it. And one of the things that's really, really important is the solidarity that's built there. There's something very, very hopeful and inspiring going on right now, but it's really, really important to support it. I think we have time for one more question, or...? Mm-hmm. I think you were actually first, so we do that. Yeah, hi. My name is Andrea. Thank you a lot. I've never been so close to tears in a conference before. Thanks, Johanna, as well. I wanted to actually ask, primarily, Anita, about the concept of revenge and how you deal with not being the better woman. Because in these kind of cases, and you said that some of the men used the real name, the real workplace, blah, blah, blah. There would be ways of you attacking them, outing them for their family, blah, blah, blah.  So how do you deal with not sinking to their level? Right. So the guy who made the game to beat me up was outed, and we know who he is and he's been confronted. Part of the way that I decided to deal with this is to not focus on any individual, because this is not about individuals. This is about systemic misogyny and online harassment as a larger institution, that's as something that is tolerated, if not accepted online. And so I really wanted to keep the focus on a larger systemic structures and how we need to change those, as opposed to saying this one person did this bad thing or just outing a couple of people. I don't think that that's how we're going to... I don't think that that's wrong to do. I just think that we need to... I like to keep things focused on the larger systems of what's happening in order to make real change across the board. May I come back on that quickly? Yeah. I think we've got to wrap up. So I actually slightly disagree in terms of outing people. I think maybe I needed just the nicer person than I am. No, I don't think it's okay to out people. I think it's okay to out people. I just didn't personally do it. Oh, no, no. But in the UK, recently, there have been a couple of cases where high-profile trolls and people who attack women have been publicly outed and have faced social consequences for that. One of the things that happens when that occurs is that men and boys suddenly understand that there are social costs as well as social rewards to engaging in this kind of misogynistic gameplay. The response to that, I'm wrapping up, has always been, well, you're attacking men's freedom of speech.  This is awful. All this freedom of speech stuff fails to understand that the clear and present threat to freedom of speech is to the freedom of speech of women, girls, and queer people online right now. The problem that we're facing is clearly a freedom of speech issue. And anybody who cares about keeping the internet free should care about this as a matter of priority. I think that's a good way to end this conversation that...


As you guys know, Deadpool 3 is moving forward with the House of Mouse. That's Disney, obviously. I brought you two in today because we gotta keep this cash hog from turning into a princess frog. Logan! The Wolverine! We bring him back, baby! Interesting, is Hugh Jackman a Disney product? Do we own it? Yes, Disney got the X-Men when they acquired Fox. I have Kevin Faggy on the phone. That is not how that's pronounced. Yeah, I'm talking to the boys here. We're fondling each other's balls over the idea of bringing Hugh Jackman back to the role of Wolverine. Such an old joke. Long story fort, minor. We want Wolverine back in Deadpool 3. This time the X really gonna give it to ya. As in the X-Men. X gonna give it to ya. He gonna give it to ya. X gonna give it to ya. He gonna give it to ya. X gonna give it to ya.


The new resident electoral commissioner, INAG, by also state, has underscored the crucial importance of voting in determining the outcome of the forthcoming gubernatorial election. In his address at the press briefing in Yanogwa, he emphasized that INAG will not interfere in order to assist any candidate. The only way anybody can win election conducted by us is for the person to get voters to vote for them. Every vote will count. We will ensure that the personnel we send to the field are adequately qualified and knowledgeable about the processes of the election. We will not interfere in any way to aid or assist anyone. Also to mention that on Monday, the 11th of this month, we will allow voters who have not collected their voters' cards an opportunity to do that and to last for one month. Additionally, he assured members of the public that INAG is committed to ensuring that only qualified and knowledgeable personnel will be deployed to oversee the electoral process. The meetings with the Commissioner of Police in the state today, I also met with the State Director of the DSS in the days ahead. I will be meeting with other security agencies and we will soon have a meeting of the ICES, the Interagency Consultative Committee on Election Security. Some trainings have started and the trainings will continue. We have opened the portal for potential ad hoc staff to register so that they can be recruited to conduct the election. We would rely a lot on the media in making this a success with the passing information to the members of the public.


The other thing I think is important, this poll found in Missouri that 40% of people, now remember, 90% support ESAs, 40% rated their local public school as good or excellent. I think that's important because we've seen school choice in other states. When they have universal school choice, still 80-some percent of the kids stay in the public school, and that's great. Now families have options. If you're happy with your public school, you can stay there. So ESAs are not going to create a mass exodus, and they're not going to defund public schools, it seems. Actually, you're just giving some families the choice to leave if it's best for them. And so it seems like the American way.


So the next talk, just a little bit on the basics of organic certification transition. Since the next two of our speakers, Wade Fisher and Nate Pelopon are either in transition to organic or certified or unit farms. We thought it'd be helpful just to kind of touch on what is certification, how does it work, some of the terms involved in that, if it's something you're curious about or have heard of and are just kind of wondering what that looks like. And again, Claire Keane formally here in Williston and then now over with plant science department in Fargo. So this talk, the origins of organic certification, kind of where did the process come from here in the US and then answer those questions, how does certification work, what is transition, some key organic regulations to know, and then just a quick FAQ at the end. And I forgot to bring them up here with me, but in the back you have some resources, if you're interested, which I will point out a couple now and a couple later. They're these orange books that are from the Midwest Organic Association. They're really great just quick intro kind of what I'm going over here and a little more detailed things about transition and certification, things to think about if you're considering organic. And then also these organic transition planners are really great. A lot more detail, a lot of worksheets that folks may find helpful. Things like just thinking about, you know, what are your goals for your operation? You know, why do you want to be organic? How close are you already to organic production sort of self-assessments of things you're already doing or what you might change? And also some really great case studies of an organic systems plan, which I'll talk about in a little bit more detail. But part of the organic certification process in the US is having this pretty comprehensive document of what is your operation, what do you do, how you do it, and that's called the organic systems plan. And this book has some examples of different operations across the country of that back. So kind of a good starting point. And there's also books back there, crop rotation on organic farms. May I hold up yours? Yeah, that's rude. This is a really great book, whether you're interested in organic or not. It does come out of the Northeast, so it's pretty heavy on like organic vegetable production, but it has the best tables that I've ever seen in terms of thinking through crop rotations for things like disease management, residue management, insect pest management. Again, it's kind of heavy on the fruit and vegetable side, but there are a couple of grain farmers in here who have their example rotations and kind of walk you through why they do what they do. So this is a great book. If you're a home gardener, you can also serve that purpose. And then this book, managing cover crops profitably. Again, whether you're organic, conventional, if you're curious about cover crops, really great resource. It's a thick book because it walks through a bunch of different species and has pages on oats, buckwheat, fava bean, sweet clover, hairy vetch, triticale, rye, kind of almost any cover crop you could think of with a profile page. And then again, the best charts I've ever seen on trying to help you figure out what did these cover crops do well. So these diagrams of like, if you're looking for things that grow quickly to help prevent soil erosion or you're trying to compare leggings for what produces a lot of nitrogen, it's kind of help you walk through species selection. So really valuable resource for folks thinking about cover crops. Okay, thanks Kelly. All right, so just quickly, when did organic start? You know, it's some people like to think about, well, anything pre-synthetic fertilizers and pesticides was organic by default. That's kind of true. So synthetic fertilizers, particularly nitrogen, just that chemical process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia was discovered about 1910. It was first commercialized, we'll put commercializing quotes, but put into wide use during World War I to make munitions primarily in Europe. And then during World War II, we produced a lot of ammonia to make munitions around the world. Yes, to go into the war effort in both Europe and the US. And agricultural fertilizers really weren't widely available until post World War II. So in the grand scheme of agriculture, you know, synthetic fertilizer and then later patrolling based herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, you know, really worked in use until the last 78 years. On that line of thinking, you did have some folks first kind of in Europe, but then also in the US just wondering, you know, what did synthetic fertilizers do to the soil?  And then some people just really concerned about this idea of cost fertilizers and inputs representing a big new cost for farmers that they never had before. And so some of the first movers and shakers in the organic world arose just from questioning these new inputs. In the US, the interest in organic agriculture and thinking about that is just farming without synthetic inputs. Caught on first in the 1940s, there was a guy named J.I. Rodale in Pennsylvania who published the organic farming and gardening magazine, and that was pretty widely available. And he was bringing some of those ideas from Europe to the US. And then in the 60s and 70s, there were a number of things that got people kind of interested in organic, whether it was the back land movement, you had younger people from urban areas and suburban areas moving out to the countryside and wanting to farm without synthetic inputs. You also had the oil crisis of 1973 and 1979, when OPEC put an embargo on selling oil to the US and petroleum prices spiked and fertilizer spiked. And you had some farmers just wanting to get away or needing to get away from the high cost of those inputs. And then also in kind of the 60s and 70s, as organic agriculture called, excuse me, as organic production kind of caught on in Europe, that created just some high value market opportunities. You had some organic farmers in the US wanting to get organic production going at a scale that they could access those higher value European markets. So kind of a lot of different threads creating organic. And the take home point at this slide though is organic certification preceded legislation in the US. So you had around the country, these different groups of farmers wanting to put, you know, define organic so they could put that on their product, again, primarily to go to European markets. But as interest in organic grew among US consumers, then they found value for that, for domestic products as well. And so the first group I'm aware of California certified organic farmers or CCUF started in California in 1973. And then just a cool thing, we here in North Dakota had one of the first organic certifying agencies. Fred Kirschman and Medina North Dakota started Farm Verified Organic in 1979. They changed names to international certification services. And they're still based out of my Medina. And they're one of the bigger certifiers of operations up here in the upper Midwest. So okay, then national. So this USDA organic symbol that's out there now and very widely recognized has been in existence for less than 20 years. So that is pretty new. So even though there has been organic certification around since the 70s, roughly in the US, there wasn't a standard for that at the national level. Each certifying agency had their list of what was and was not allowed in organic production. And it was very much locally controlled, usually groups of farmers and agronomists associated with those certifiers made the rules for what CCUF for FBO verification meant. But as again, as the export market grew, as domestic consumption of organic products grew, there was growing consensus that, well, we should have a national regulation to define organic. So that way, everybody is on a level playing field, consumers, whether they're domestic or foreign, know what they're getting. And so the first organic rule was actually written in 1990, but it took 10 years of wrangling within the USDA to get it into a format that would actually be approved. So a pretty long lag time. And the national organic program was officially launched in 2000. So again, a pretty recent thing in the grand scheme of things. And I'll be referring to the NLP a lot. And NLP, again, it's just national organic program. And that's the actual law. Those are the codes that govern what is and is not allowed in organic production in the US. And then the accredited certifiers, USDA accredited certifiers for the first time in 2002. So again, that USDA organic symbol, even though it's pretty ubiquitous now, has only been in existence for about 19 years. So what is organic certification? So I mentioned its production practices that comply with the NLP. And organic certification is granted by organic certification agencies, aka organic certifiers. So I'll use those terms interchangeably. It's an important point to know that because so it's not actually the USDA that is out there certifying a farm is, you know, compliant with organic or in violation of organic production or not. It's the USDA essentially outsourced that job to organic certifiers. And so the organic certifiers are agencies, some are for-profit, some are non-profit, that are responsible for enforcing the NLP with farmers that are seeking organic certification. And then the organic certifiers employ or contract organic inspectors. And it's the inspectors who would actually go to your farm and conduct the audit, look at your records, talk with you about your production practices, and make sure you're in compliance with your organic regulations. And so the certifiers, this isn't an exhaustive list. I just wanted to kind of give you a taste of the fact that there's many out there.   Are they familiar with your production practices? Do they have resources that will be valuable to you? And also fees, there are fees associated with organic, not only the yearly inspection, but maintenance, or sorry, the initial certification, then ongoing annual certification. So finding someone whose fee scale works for you is also really important. So I mentioned international certification services, they're based out of Medina. Many folks up here use them. Their organic crop improvement association is based out of Lincoln, Nebraska. They also certify a lot of acres in the upper Midwest. The Montana Department of Ag actually has their own certification program. And it is state based. So you have to be a Montana producer with acres in Montana to get certified through the Montana Department of Ag. I mentioned CCOF in California. You might see MOSA occasionally out here, the Midwest Organic Services Association, they're based in Wisconsin. And something to know about certifiers is that with the exception of a state based program, which I think only Montana and Colorado that I'm aware of have those through their departments bag, the others can certify your operation regardless of where you are. So you don't have to be in California to get certified by CCOF. You don't have to be in Wisconsin to get certified by MOSA. And on the one hand, that's because from the audit and on farm standpoint, they're contracting with an inspector who will get on a plane or make the drive to go wherever in the country they need to go to actually do that on farm component. But then also when picking your certifier, make sure you have one that has experience in your area. So like MOSA, their wheelhouse is organic dairy. They work a lot with organic dairy farmers in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Ohio, CCOF probably most experienced in the country working with vegetable and fruit growers. But you know, out here, we're not doing too much organic vegetable production. We're doing large-scale grain. And so OCIA, ICS, Montana Department of Ag would have good experience in those production systems. So the steps, the first step with organic certification, I definitely encourage you just to think about your market and identifying your market.  What is it you want to do? Who are your end users? And ask yourself is organic certification needed? Because again, it's cost. It's a process. If you're able to do a direct consumer thing like Sean and her family are doing without organic certification, then I think, I mean, that's awesome. That's a really unique channel. If you're, just use the example, you know, a small-scale market garden to sell directly to folks, to farmers market, you probably don't need to go through the hoops of organic certification when the consumer is able to interact with you directly. But at the scale we're out here, you know, you're looking to sell thousands, if not tens of thousands, bushels of grains, pulses, oil seeds, and you're going to need organic certification because any mill or crush or buyer at that scale, for them to have organic products at the end of the day, they need someone who's organic certified by them. So selecting your organic certifier is very important. I mentioned, consider the level of support provided. So do they have example forms and record keeping assistance that you can access? Like do they maybe have a discount on an on-farm record keeping software program or do they partner to help make that process easier with anyone access to technical support? So the certifying agency, depending on just their structure, they may have sometimes agronomists, but sometimes like experienced farmers that are kind of on staff or on retainer with them that are available to take other farmers phone calls with questions. Because they, those inspectors who visit your farm, even though many of them are extremely knowledgeable about organic practices, they can't recommend or tell you how to farm or tell you how to do something different or recommend different practices because their job is to be there to make sure you're in compliance. It's not to consult on your farming operations, but you may have an organic certifier who has those kinds of people on staff that you can call when you have questions. So is that something you want? Customer service, obviously, how responsive are they? Do they have access via phone or text or email or whatever your preferred methods are? And then of course fees. So you've selected a certifier. You'd start the process and transition. Part of that is creating and maintaining the organic systems plan. So again, an organic systems plan is this document. It's an evolving document. It's not set in stone, but the idea of it is to lay out what are the crops or livestock you produce? How do you produce it? Estimates of how much are you going to have each year? What kinds of channels are you selling them through? And that OSP is considered really core to your organic certification process because an inspector will be looking at it, referencing it when they come to do your certification. Apply for certification. So you've done the transition. Apply for certification. You undergo your inspection and review. And if everything's found to be in good order, then you'll be certified. And you are literally issued a certificate of certification by your certifier. And then that document, most buyers are going to ask for a copy of that. So you're selling them organic flax, you're selling them organic wheat. They'll want not only your wheat, but they'll also want a copy of your organic certification document.  So again, it depends on the certifier. They all have their own fee schedules. Keep in mind that initial upfront fees are higher than the ongoing fees because you'll have that initial application fee. Potentially a higher fee upfront because that initial audit and inspection is pretty in-depth. But then ongoing, your annual inspection fee and annual certifications, some certifiers vary those fees with the size and the complexity of the operation. So for example, if you're an organic grain farmer, there's called level one of what that costs. But if you also grow grain and are raising certified organic beef cattle, that's another layer to the operation. There'd be all those records associated with the cattle. So that'd probably be another fee because you have a more complex operation. Some do sort of a sliding scale. So based on your gross sales of organic products, the ballpark number I've been using for a year or two for small to medium size farms in the $500 to $2,000 a year kind of range. The USDA FSA does actually have a national organic certification cost share program that'll pay 50% of your certification fees up to $500. So that's a very good resource. If you're a Nart Dakota resident, the Nart Dakota Department of Ag also has an organic cost share program of their own that'll cover 75% of fees up to $750 a year for three years. So a little bit better than the federal one. But do be aware, no double dipping. If you're doing the Nart Dakota State Department of Ag program, then you can't also do FSA. But I would recommend if you're in Nart Dakota, you know, start out with the ND Department of Ag because it's $250 more, and then you can shift over to FSA after that third year. So land. So what is transition? I've mentioned that a few times. Transitioning to organic means that there's a 36 month period or three years between your last application of a prohibited substance. And so prohibited substance, things you can't use in organic production. So whether that's urea or map or gap or glyphosate or periquette, or even a growing maybe a GMO corn variety. So for 36 months of the last application of that thing, or in the case of say planting the GMO crop from your field, then the clock starts in 36 months after that, you can harvest your first certified organic product as long as you've done it with compliant organic standards between that last date and then harvested the next crop. Oh, sorry, could you fix the slide? That's okay. Yeah, so it's a 36 months period. You have to use the organic production practices during that period, but you can't sell it as organic. And so that does represent usually a pretty substantial financial costs for a lot of folks. And so that's, you know, acknowledging it for what it is a really big barrier to transition for a lot of people. There are methods to deal with that, certainly putting an alfalfa and growing it for three years and not spraying it is a great way to transition to organic. It's not for everybody. Obviously forages have to cash flow in that operation for you, you have to be willing to make hay and deal with it or find someone who is. But that is a way to get over that hump. Farmers are on that learning curve during transition and after. So after that 36 months have gone by, your certifier, you'd hopefully be in conversation with them at the start of your transition. After that 36 month period, you'll have your review, record keeping and documentation, the organic systems plan being reviewed and approved. And if everything's good, then you are certified at that point. And now anything harvested off of that land in the future, as long as, you know, being grown and compliant with organic rules, will be eligible to be a certified organic crop. And again though, during that certified period, it's not one and done. Unfortunately, there will be annual inspections and fees. So keep that in mind. You do have to continue to maintain your records and update that OSP. The law says you have to retain your records for a minimum of five years. And then of course, you know, implementing a crop rotation that meets the market demands, and then maintain soil fertility and minimizes pest problems. There is an exception. So if your land was in CRP or pasture and no prohibited materials were applied for the past three years, there is an exception that you could say break it out and plant a crop and have it be certified organic in the first season. Each certifier has a little bit of different process for this and what kind of documentation they need. Typically at the minimum level, they'll ask for some kind of affidavit or, you know, a written description of how this was managed.  Okay, so the actual just a really small slice of what's a very big piece of legislation. NOP section 205105 does define allowed and prohibited substances. So here's where synthetic substances and ingredients are excluded from organic production. There are some exceptions. However, a lot of those exceptions are things like sanitation products that are okay to use to like clean out equipment. Copper, what is it? Copper sulfate is a fungicide that's allowed in organic production. Fruit and vegetable, it doesn't really get used in agronomic crops much. There's some things like that, also plastic row covers, again, not really applicable to grains, but allowed in vegetable production. So that list of allowed and prohibited is there. I would definitely recommend going with a certifier who has a user friendly approach to allowed and prohibited substances because maybe, you know, you hear about a new fertilizer product you want to try or you're interested. Well, I know cattle sometimes it can be an issue if you have treated wood to use an offense post in the pasture, what's your certifier's approach to that. Having a certifier that you can call to ask about allowed and prohibited substances just to make sure you're always on the up and up is really helpful. And then there is the thing called the soil fertility and crop nutrient management standard that again, it's also part of the law. And I would say there's maybe a love hate relationship with this part. So on the one hand, it states the producer must select and implement tillage and cultivation practices that maintain or improve the physical, chemical and biological condition of the soil and minimum soil erosion. And so that is something certifiers can use. So say, you know, organic definitely has the rap of using a lot of tillage and are we, you know, losing our soil to erosion if we do organic agriculture, which certifiers are empowered. You want to look at it that way. I was going to say to keep in check, I don't know if that's quite accurate, but to call producers out on practices that would lead to say excessive soil erosion, be a longer conversation, but you know, doing things like strip cropping, rotating with perennials, using cover crops, all those things that we know are good for just keeping soil from moving. Those practices are spelled out and required. But if say you're farming on marginal ground or steep slopes, you have a lot of erosion issues, that is something a certifier could potentially call you out on because, you know, causing excessive erosion. But again, the problem then is that because how you should address it is not defined, it also leaves a lot of openness to interpretation. So most certifiers are, you know, interested in you maintaining your natural resource base, which would be the spirit of this, but actually how it's carried out for each individual producer does vary. And then the second part, producer must manage crop nutrients and soil fertility through rotations, cover crops, and the application of plant and animal materials, which includes manure. And that one is such that it's kind of reinforcing the prohibition of synthetic substances, you know, using propertation, legumes, cover crops, animal manures, compost, things like that, for soil fertility, rather than other inputs. However, you know, things like fish meal, bone meal, other products, you know, those are allowed in organic agriculture, but something to keep in mind again, just at our scale and growing grain crops, a lot of those products are often really expensive. And especially if they're coming from really far away, they may not be economical to use in row crop production. And so again, really relying on that propertation is integral to organic production over time. For livestock, can you advance, please? I'm definitely not a livestock expert, and they're on the conventional or organic side, but I just wanted to point out that transition period for livestock depends on the class of livestock or species. So poultry, under continuous organic management, beginning no later than the second day of life. So you don't necessarily have to get your chickens or turkeys from the certified organic hatchery. They can come from anywhere. You just have to start managing them organically second day of life or after hatching. Meet animals under continuous organic management since last third gestation. And could you advance the next slide, please? Yes. And some key organic livestock rules are so I'll start with the feed first. So organic livestock, whether it's chickens or beef cattle or dairy cattle, certainly a challenging part of it is that the total feed ration does need to be certified organic feed. So whether that's bringing in corn or soybean meal or forages, hay, grazed pastures, there's all need to be certified organic. If the meat, eggs or milk from those animals are going to be sold as certified organic. With the life, livestock healthcare practice standard, I put the vaccine you're allowed, antibiotics are not up at the top.  They should not do that, if they do that, that would be in violation of 205-238. The producer of organic livestock must not withhold treatment from a sick animal, so that number seven, in effort to preserve its organic status. So if an animal needs antibiotic treatment or other treatment that would not be in compliance with organic standard, the rule isn't don't treat that animal, the rule is treat it as appropriate, but then just make sure it's separated and would not go into an organic marketing channel. So say you have your organic beef herd, the calf has an issue, you use antibiotics, you don't have to dispose of that calf, it's just you can raise it, but just make sure it gets marketed, not represented as organic. So if you go into a normal sale barn channel. The pasture practice standard was added in 2010, so organic rules are, you know, being updated. And it's essentially that ruminants must have access to pasture, but again, there's flexibility here depending on where you are in the country, because they realize obviously there's going to be a whole lot more grazing days available to someone in Georgia than there's going to be in North Dakota. And so the pasture practice standard, it's basically ruminants must have access to pasture at appropriate times during the year, but then also I think it's specified 30% of their dry matter intake needs to come from forages, whether that's grazing or harvested. And that was really in response to some of the really large organic dairies that have been created in Colorado, Texas and California primarily, where you do have pretty close to confinement type situations for very large organic dairies. And that really makes the small organic dairy farmers in Minnesota and Wisconsin unhappy. And the pasture standard was trying to incorporate some rules there to ensure cows being have a more forage based diet and then also access to pasture. A quick thing on organic meat, if the organic meat you buy has that USDA organic symbol on it, it does require being slaughtered in an organic certified facility. And this is a really big barrier to organic beef production in the upper Midwest, we just don't have very many slaughterhouses that are certified to do organic beef. There aren't any currently operating in North Dakota that I'm aware of. I heard that I can't remember if it was Hazen or Glenn Allen, but somebody has recently applied to start a small state inspected facility and they'd like to do organic slaughter. So we might have one on the way in North Dakota. There's only one that I'm aware of in South Dakota. Montana does have three and actually our afternoon speaker, Nate Powell-Palm does organic beef production in the Bozeman area. And I think it's still water packing that he goes with. And it's really funny. I've had the question is like, what makes an organic slaughter? Are there special knives? And the answer is no. The organic certification of a slaughter facility is mostly just about separation of the organic livestock and then organic products as they go through that process. So the gentleman, I don't remember his name, but I know I called Pioneer Meats. And the owner of that facility was really happy to talk to me and he said, yeah, the way we do it, because they do both organic and conventional, basically just start the week with organic. They'll do all their walks on Monday or Tuesday, whatever it is, when they start out slaughter, do all the organic first. They have separate coolers for the organic meat products coming off those cows. And then they can just move right on to the conventional. The problem is the cleaning in between. If you were to say start with a conventional lot of cows and then an organic plot comes in, you'd have to totally clean down the facility before you can start the slaughter. So it's not really about how the cow is killed or what it's used. It's just separating those organic raised livestock from cattle. And so some common FAQs, crops we touched on how long is transition, 36 months less if you didn't have prohibited materials applied. The seed need to be certified organic. The answer to that is that you must attempt to use certified organic seed and high cost of it is not an excuse. However, if say if you're growing corn or soybean, a maturity that you want is not available as certified organic seed, you are able to use conventional untreated seed. And certifiers accept that. However, I would caution, check if that's acceptable to your fire. There are some buyers who might want to say we only want to buy, you know, soybeans grown from certified organic soybean seed. Do you need buffers around fields in most situations? Yes. So again, the idea of not only, you know, say, genetic contamination, but also pesticide drift, buffers are required around organic production fields. It's not specified in the regulations how big those are, what they need to look like. 30 feet is kind of a common number that's out there. Some farmers I've spoken with, a man in South Dakota, what he does if he has his organic soybean field and a neighbor has conventional soybeans right next to him, which happens quite a lot. He likes to use a 50 foot buffer that he plants to, I think, oat and pea and then he haze it in the middle of the summer. And that's the physical barrier between the conventional and the organic crop. Are GMO crops allowed? No. Are split operations allowed? Yes. So you can manage, say you have a 2,000 acre operation, if a thousand are certified organic and a thousand are conventional, that's just fine. In Canada, I can't remember what the limit is, but it's something like after two or three years, you either have to be all organic or not at all. They don't allow split operations. Whereas here in the U.S., that's fine. On the livestock side, vaccines allowed? Yes. In antibiotics? No. Growth hormones? No. Does feed have to be certified organic? Yes. Again, including grain, hay, forages and grazed pastures. And then the welfare standards, livestock living conditions, the remnants must have access to pasture. And the living conditions, one, the key thing there is all livestock must have access to outdoor, to the outdoors and sufficient space for natural behaviors. So that's excluded some things like battery cages and egg production. But that's not to say, again, there are now some very large organic chicken and turkey houses at different places in the country where those animals, you can call it confinement, they're still raised mostly indoors in a barn, but those animals aren't in individual cages. It's sort of a communal open space. And with that, I will speak to any questions. I'm curious, you mentioned the soybeans. So a neighbor has GMO soybeans in their dicamba resistant and say the guy plants a 50 foot barrier even though dicamba can draw two to three miles. So how is that managed? Or is there any testing done or is that just how does that work? Yeah, that's a great question. So let's go with non-dicamba first. Okay. And then dicamba's done a whole new wrench into it. Right. So his name is Charlie Johnson, Madison, South Dakota. If you're someone looking for organic corn, so it is important information is really easy to talk to. Anyways, so Charlie. So before dicamba beans, if he had this organic soybeans neighbor has conventional, it wouldn't happen occasionally that the co-op or, you know, new hired hands, someone got lost and sprayed some of his field. He worked with a certifier rather than say take that whole 40 acres or 80 acres or whatever out of compliance. They would, if they could define, you know, where where got sprayed that it wasn't supposed to take that out of certified status. And then Charlie, he has beef cattle, so he usually just plants it to alfalfa or something for three years. And to the most part, his neighbors, good working relationships with neighbors as an organic farmer is usually pretty critical. He's been doing it for over 30 years, so folks in his area know and he's usually able to work out an arrangement either with the co-op or the neighbor about lost production value on organic corn and soybeans for the next three years. And sorry, and the key thing there was that they'd take a, they'd take what they need to out of compliance rather than like the whole field. And that would be something to ask a certifier about because it's not quite as stringent as like FSA maps, but part of your organic systems plan is also maps of your production fields. And so is the certifier willing to take out to the area that was accidentally sprayed or when they want to take that whole, you know, field out of compliance with, which if it's 120 acre field and only 10 acres got sprayed, that's potentially a lot of money lost if you're talking about $30 with greater panic swings. Okay, so now the dicamba thing, that has caused a lot of heartbreak in the organic world. And initially, like the first two years, you had a lot of organic farmers getting a lot of acres taken out of production if there were any signs of drift. But because dicamba is so prone to drift and also, you know, issues with people not using the appropriate products and creating more problems, I haven't, I don't think, you know, if there's a touch of a symptom on a field, those being taken out of compliance. But the question about residue testing is really interesting. So if there's any suspicion or confirmation of something being accidentally sprayed, definitely should be taken out of compliance. The drift question, I mean, you do have some organic farmers, excuse me, that would self take that out. I mean, they're just, they feel strongly not about the representation of products that they might willingly say, well, that got drifted on, I won't sell it as organic. They may or may not then tell the certifier and I guess I don't know if that's true. So does it all kind of depend on if they tell, like, they expect it or they tell? Tell, yeah. So you'd want to tell because you don't want to lose your whole field if it accidentally got contaminated. They're really easy to deal with your inspectors. Yeah. But so then the residue question is an interesting one because so, organic certifiers, for the most part, don't do residue testing. Like they might, like if they suspect, you know, if you say I'm a lifelong organic farmer and then the inspector, you know, walking around the farm with me finds in the shed, 2-4-D or they can their life is safe, then they might want to do some residue testing and my stuff and they can do that. But in general, certifiers aren't point samples to take, you know, at a bins to take residue samples, but you do have a lot of organic fires that will. And so, and that's a whole kind of another conversation. But a lot of organic sales are done, if not direct to your end user, I mean, it's direct contracting and there will be specs with residues. So you'd be submitting a sample beforehand anyways. Thank you. Yeah, thanks. But the drift question is really messy, unfortunately.


Chaiti kandiji kuti indai pera simbanda ifarrao gara nda gara Nguadze se nda gandisi nda tumbozi wa kutichir uere kana kutichi Asi nda gazo wuia kuchipata nda gazo na mada iti shenwa wuia wajitia Tudakumbo ti tumbo tarisa Wa nukuti uremua wa uripak nda gada nda ndeswa pa kunonopimu ndu vanda oni kwa utima keiji zangu nda gazi kira shaka nyanyi Shekubam 64 keiji zwa nda 52 keiji In prisen mau nutrition ua diagnising it using the board mass index whereby we weigh the patient and we divide the patient's weight divided by the patient's height squared and we get the board mass index In the past we were treating both moderate malnutrition and severe malnutrition with a product which is called Plampinat which is a therapeutic food We realised that actually there was little sustainability to continue this therapeutic food also for moderate malnutrition So the Minister of Health proposed and put in their protocol the use of corn soya blend to treat moderate malnutrition CSB is cheaper and it is a sustainable way to manage moderate adult malnutrition It's a blend, it's a mix of maize about 65% soya bean 25%, vitamins and fortificants 10% nda gada nda tanga kupiwa poji Muswa 26 December, jokuti iko zino zinda nda 30 days ndiki wana poji rangu Taka ndirukuti parizino ndicharari utanu angu urukurati dhaguti unengi urukurati ndiruram pochi ndiruram beir Ma testiru aro ndi rengi rengi mwa kashugam pchana kashugap pa kashugap ndi rengi pa kaitua


I feel like perhaps one of the biggest reasons why I lost interest in the game of basketball And why I've never been a big tennis fan is because the game just seems to go back and forth and back and forth and back and forth And back and forth so rapidly Opposed to the game of football where it goes back Then they can go for then they can go for some more Then they can go for just a little bit more than it goes back again And we can go through the entire same process or things can change it just can fluctuate so much But the back and forth and back and forth and back and forth Have been exactly what's going on with this entire Antonio Brown story but When you think about it Raven's just been chilling in the back While all these stories come forth But Ravens they haven't said anything about it. They just been in the background like oh, yeah Well, we're gonna see let them talk that talk. We ain't gonna say nothing. We're just gonna chill. We're just gonna vibe Let it be what it is so The latest story that came out yesterday from Jocina Anderson She said while Antonio Brown's name has come up and be more as reported adding my understanding is Brown has not been earnestly discussed Pending review of his case nor has there been any recent talks internally per source at this time Wouldn't count as potential future destination So basically what she's saying Just to break it down line by line while Antonio Brown Antonio Brown's name has come up in Baltimore as reported Okay, and we all heard the reports. I mean we talked about them extensively My understanding is Brown has not been earnestly discussed So she didn't say that he hasn't been discussed She said he's been discussed, but he hasn't earnestly been discussed to where it's like hmm. What can we do to get brown? What should we do to get brown? Should we sign Antonio Brown? You know what? How can we bring him on? He hasn't been earnestly discussed so maybe it's like oh Antonio Brown's out there. Okay, cool but anyway He hasn't been earnestly discussed pending review of his case nor has there been any recent talks internally so Mike Silver When he said his report two days ago The way he said it it implied that the talks of Antonio Brown with the Ravens and the Seahawks were recent But Joe Senus Anderson is saying that yeah, his name has come up in Baltimore But she said there have not been nor has there been any recent talks Internally so while his name has come up recently is Been on the back burner They put it on the top shelf because you they know they ain't had to reach for it for a while If they even want to reach for it again And she said per source at this time would wouldn't count as potential future destination So I know a lot of people yesterday when they saw that they got kind of upset. They were like, oh, man I didn't want to hit us. Oh boy But again This I mean it didn't really come as a surprise, but at the same time it It doesn't rule out anything In my opinion or because she and she worded herself carefully because jocelyn Anderson She does have a lot of respect because she she is on point She is on point But she worded it carefully because she said at this time wouldn't count as a potential future destination at this time so For anybody that will want the Ravens to sign Antonio Brown Or for anybody that would not want the Ravens to sign Antonio Brown and To me, this doesn't really say anything definitive Because she said at this time as you all know Things in the NFL they can change in a heartbeat In a heartbeat But the team is interested in a player where the team is not interested in a player all that could change in two seconds But right now Basically, what she's saying is that Antonio Brown. He is not likely to end up with the Ravens in the future So again, we'll see what happens. It's a wait-and-see type of thing That's all it is and that's what we've been saying the whole time It's a wait-and-see type of thing and another thing that I had mentioned in the previous video where we talked about Antonio Brown One thing that I did say it is it is a dirty game It's a very dirty game. It's a nasty game and these teams like These teams will do things not saying that the Ravens did it, but it's been done before teams use smoke screens They use smoke screens It happens all the time especially with Ravens But they use smoke screens and what those smoke screens are used to do It's where they can potentially use a player whether a veteran player whether it's a rookie coming into the NFL They will use these smoke screens as distractions. So they got everybody looking this way While they're really focused on something that's over here and Antonio Brown this whole thing could be being used as a smoke screen because Players aren't innocent players agents aren't innocent and teams are not innocent Sometimes players and their agents they will leak stuff to the media In order to create a certain story a certain narrative and sometimes teams will leak things to the media to create a certain Certain story a certain narrative and again not saying that the Ravens did that, but it is a high possibility It really is Because again and Antonio Brown could just be a pawn in this entire game and They could be having a lot of people a lot of reporters old Antonio Brown Ravens this and Tonya Brown Ravens that All in the meantime they in the background working on something else We're and again, I still I know I've been saying it for a long time now But I still really do believe that they are not done at the wide receiver position. I Do I know they got like 18 wide receivers on the team right now who we got we got Hollywood We got Boykin we got Snead we got Chris more the Anthony Thomas Pro Shade Duvenay Wesley Jalil Scott And I feel like I'm missing somebody my apologies is whoever it may be But I just I don't think they're done yet. I Still think they're gonna end up getting another wide receiver and trading for somebody Who that is no clue? But I just I don't see them as being done yet But again back to what I was saying it happens all the time with these smoke screams We see it every single year in the draft These these analysts these experts Because based off of what the Ravens do Leading up to the draft they'll be like oh the Ravens really like this guy. They covered this guy Oh, man, it's gotta be a perfect match for the Ravens a perfect fit for the Ravens Ravens have had plenty of talks with this guy They even revisited with this guy. Oh Yeah, that's that's that guy and Then even more so when we had a normal draft which seems like it was so long ago When we had a normal offseason Ravens will bring in this guy that guy Have these pre-draft visits with this player that player and then they would even bring in this player again And another time and they'd be like oh wow Ravens have had multiple visits with this player. Oh Oh, yeah, okay. That's the guy That's him All in the meanwhile They end up getting somebody else You know kids they end up getting somebody else. I mean new Raven Derek Wolf. He even talked about it I believe he said that um when he was doing his his whole welcome to the Ravens interview a press conference he was saying that Leading up to the draft the Ravens kept talking to me They were talking to they talked to me so much They talked to me so many times and I really I really thought that they were gonna end up picking me on draft night But it didn't end up happening And not to say that every single person that they talked to they're not interested in them because they could be legitimate interest but Again, this the smokescreen it can be used so many different ways Because Ravens are a team and I'm sure there are there obviously other teams like this too But certainly with the Ravens Ravens are a team that they don't like to show their cards They don't like to show their cards and they move very methodically They don't put this stuff on blast like that like a team like Like the Cowboys for example All of that stuff gets put on blast Everything that they want to do gets put on blast everything Ravens don't do that Well Cowboys they get everything on the front page news everything's on front street Everything's in the media and it's like with Cowboys when something's in the media you tend to believe it right away because it's like hey That's Jerry Jones. Yeah, that's some Cowboys. Hmm. Yeah, that's likely I believe it But with the Ravens You got to move with caution You got to move with caution because the way that these dudes operate and the way that these dudes have been operating for a very long time now It's like, oh, okay. I see you And and we've explained in previous videos how Initially like the Ravens will seem a lot of the moves that the Ravens make They're predetermined and they're pre-calculated They as us as fans they may come to a shock to us But again when we think about it and then we look back It's like and we when we revisit the situations. It's like, oh, okay That's why they did that.  Okay, that makes sense That makes a lot of sense So, I mean, we'll see what happens with this entire Antonio Brown thing because again Like with Antonio Brown Like with Cam Newton like with Jamal Adams like with your Davion Clowney We are currently still on the watch for all four players And we will see what happens with all four players So team keep it clean I love y'all I appreciate y'all thank you for watching and supporting as always and Just like Antonio Browns according to Joe Cena Anderson Just like Antonio Brown is with the Ravens plans. I'm out


I took a break from playing NBA 2K for last month and a half, haven't even booted up my PS5, which sounds crazy considering I've been doing this for like 6 plus years and I've yet to take a break. For a lot of reasons about to explain here in this video, it was necessary. I think 2K took a lot of missteps and I haven't caught y'all up on the news, so there's a lot to get into. Ladies and gentlemen, y'all new to the channel, be sure to subscribe. Let's do it. Alright, well some of this news is pretty old so I'm gonna brush through it. NBA 2K came out with their update number 3 and they came out with actually a lot of decent fixes. Pulled out of gameplay issues, they're fixing up a lot of the bugs that the game launched with. And on top of that now, there's snow in the city. So you guys probably already know that. Let's move on. 2K announced the 4 candidates for each borough that were gonna be mayors. I wasn't in one of them and that prompted like thousands of people to add 2K asking why I wasn't one of them. I think we know the answer why guys. God forbid you have a mayor that says whatever the f*** is on his mind. That would be tragic. So as Ronnie was hosting debates and everyone went in to vote for who was gonna be the next mayor of the 4 boroughs in the city, there was actually a couple interesting points. Tessino put out a tweet saying congratulations to the Knights. I resign as mayor. As mayor, I didn't even get power whatsoever. Was basically just a logo above my head with no ability to change anything. Couldn't even play Rival Day on my own server because everyone got error-coded and stuck outside. Which is interesting. You might be wondering what? Happy agent. Apparently a whole lot of people from B to E side, E side, E side, they were saying that they were getting error-coded left and right so they couldn't even participate in Rival Day the way they wanted to. So they lost Rival Day. Tessino's frustrated saying he didn't have no power with it. And that's something that could have told everybody was gonna happen. And then to add on to that, Troydan put out a tweet saying congrats to poor boys sitting on winning mayor. I tried to make the most of it but that job really wasn't for me. Good luck to the rest of the Western Wildcats. So gone are the days man where Tessino's voice and Troydan's voice are gonna berate us every time we hop into the park. Until you throw on your headphone sponsored by Beats. Oh my god. It's interesting that two of the probably most popular people in the 2K community just said nah I don't want this precision no more y'all can have it. And for what it's worth there was actually some interesting people they were running up against like Los Polos is running for mayor, The Rapper, The Game was running for mayor and a whole bunch of other people in and around the community so I mean I don't really think people really cared about the voting to be honest with you so let's move on from that. Again I haven't honestly went on the park cuz I'm telling you I've been on a break. We'll get into that man. But if you haven't taken a look at what it looks like and you haven't seen it on Twitter there's snow in the park now ladies and gentlemen. Someone asked the question why isn't there never snowfall guys I want snowfall in my game because if they ever added snowfall into NBA 2K the servers will come bust to levels you wouldn't even imagine. They can't even get the current city right right? Took us three weeks just for it to be playable do you guys remember that? And so Ronnie in what I feel like was a response to a lot of people asking why I wasn't nominated as one of the candidates for mayor put out this tweet saying one candidate for each affiliation is gonna be a high level grind guy. I want to build a platform for the guys who really earned it by grinding. You should support and vote these guys if you're one of them. Which is basically saying agent only played a game so stop asking for him to be a mayor in the game. And Ronnie followed up with another tweet on a separate note of a different change he made saying put in another change this morning to make the park and rec grind more equitable continuing to monitor so sent thoughts letting us know if it's closer to equal happy gaming. And a lot of people in the replies are saying they see no difference typical. Let's get back to that last point about you had to be playing the game a lot to be a mayor. I think 2k made some serious missteps and it's no it's no secret that there's really little interest in NBA 2k right now relative to everything else going around in the gaming community. I think 2k thought that everything was sweet. They thought the game was gonna launch next gen and things was gonna be incredible. We could just continue to drop these broken games. In fact, you know what what we'll do is we'll drop the most broken game of all time and then everyone's gonna be fine with it. And 2k really thought it was sweet because Call of Duty was a launch title too and Call of Duty came out playable and Call of Duty came out fun. And so 2k's competition by the way is not other basketball games. It's the other casual games on the market. The Fortnite's and the Call of Duty's. Y'all remember in 2k 18 when the game was asked but Fortnite just came out what people do. They went to play Fortnite. So 2k began to scramble to put their game together so that it could become playable so that y'all don't immediately leave to play the next game. Now I was on phone calls while my friends like yo what you playing right now? Zombies. I'm playing zombies. I'm playing multiplayer. I'm playing Warzone. I'm playing anything but 2k right now. It's like 2k y'all can't continue to release broken products. Then fix the product and then you guys are gonna come back, right? I've been doing this 2k stuff for a while. I mean I remember I started 2k 14, my GM, 2k 15, my GM, 2k 16. I did a little bit of my team. I bounced around a little bit. 2k 17 jumped into the park. 18 pro amp park. Like I've been doing this. I played every imaginable mode where I've been doing this for a little bit. I could see where 2k made the missteps. And if y'all remember correctly back in the 2k 17 days when I was blowing up, everyone used to tell me like yo agent you're so negative all the time.  I remember I used to get those comments all the time. And that's because I would see something wrong with the game. And I'll hop on here on these videos and I'll try and make it a point. This is something that has to change. I did that all year. All year when there was a problem when they added the grand badge and I thought it was crazy overpowered. I said something about it. That was a year where I believe the dev spent like literally a good part of that year patching a lot of the jump shots that I was creating that was hitting money. But throughout that year I quickly realized and as we went into 2k 18 I for sure realized that there wasn't really listening to anything I was saying. I'm gonna be honest with y'all they wasn't listening. Like I believe I'm so passionately that I want this game to be better. So I make these points like yo this is something that's wrong with the game. It has to change. But I quickly realized not only did they not care what I had to say but the only time they would make a change is if they needed to like the game was in such horrible condition that it was unplayable. That's the only time. If the change was a quality life change or it would just be marginal improvements they wouldn't listen. It would be there's nothing I could say in a video that make him make a change in the game. And that kind of hurt cause as 2k 18 was rolling around I'm thinking to myself like yo this is the worst 2k all time.  I never missed every other day regardless of what was going on in my life I would upload every other day. They didn't give us new content. They didn't give us nothing. What was I doing? I was uploading that bull every other day. I was doing that man. Like I tried to keep the community lit because I was like this is what I would have wanted if I was playing 2k. I want at least a few content creators stick around and make some content cause most of the guys just cut and left. And I understood why they left.  We all got bamboozled man. We all came in with these crazy high expectations and the game just didn't work. Not only did it not work but it was the most depressing, grayscale, least lively game of all time. Y'all noticed throughout 2k 18 I was coming with the criticism too. I was like 2k this snatchbacks and blow by all that has to change. I was saying that over and over again. It did for 2k 19. 2k 19 in my opinion next to 2k 16 and 11 is one of the best 2k's of all time. Very fun 2k. Man, if it wasn't for a couple changes, the shotgun test system, ooh I woulda, literally coulda been the greatest of all time. If it wasn't for stretch bags abusing shotgun test systems, I swear. But you notice in that year I wasn't complaining as much why? Cause I realized it wasn't doing nothing. Like would it get views when I would sit there and talk about problems in the game? Yeah it would. But I was getting tired of it. Like guys you have to remember I'm a gamer yo. I've been doing this since I was four years old and my dad bought me a PS1. So when I play games I want the games to be good. And God forbid you give me a platform where I could sit here and talk about problems. I'ma do it. But when it's not making a positive impact man, I'm not gonna continue doing it. So I began to get real inconsistent with my ranked criticism videos. Cause every once in a while a situation so large you come out and talk about it. But I wasn't doing it the way I used to. 2k 20 came out, y'all was barely seeing me doing it. I just throw it in there every couple months so y'all remember that I still care about this game. I still want this game to be better. Y'all have to remember that's my main goal here. And you have to see the incongruence there when 2k that's not their goal. Their goal is to make money and I get it. Cause we've seen developers like Telltale Games go under. Like take two as a company they almost went bankrupt. Y'all have to remember this is a money making business. You have to be there to make money. So I recognize when they make money making decisions I allow it. But there's some decisions where when it comes at the cost of the game I have to think to myself like y'all how long are we gonna wait before we just remove these billboards? How long? How unplayable does this game have to get before we just do that? And it's not gonna make it better if I just talk about it. Cause I'm telling you right now people like LD2K they do a great job at finding feedback from the community and telling the developers. And then the developers actually are strapped cause they don't have time to make none of these decisions I've been telling y'all the solution is to hire more people. The developers don't have time or resources to make the decision which is a crazy problem to have considering the game makes billions and billions every year at launches guys. You shouldn't ever have to say the words lack of resources on a game that's highly profitable. That doesn't make sense to me. So I'm starting to lose faith that anything I say will ever make a positive impact. Here I'm going scaling back, scaling back, scaling back, scaling back. 2K21 comes out the city.  I thought it was an exciting idea. And I still think it is. But it was done so horribly off rip. It was so unplayable off rip. 2K thought it was real sweet. Then Call of Duty came in here and I genuinely believe that's the main reason why a lot of people lost interest in the beginning of the launch is Call of Duty just ate up all the 2K people that played a game. They was on there playing the game that actually worked. And I'm seeing it happen guys. You have to remember, how long have I been uploading this game, man? Yeah, how long have I been uploading this game? So then I'm watching 2K just down f***ing bad right now over some that they could have solved before launch. What am I supposed to do? And then at the same exact time, y'all have to remember I'm uploading almost daily on the second channel. I launched a new channel with low uploading three times a week on playback, podcast drop two times a week, and AMPs taking off. How could my focus be on this right now, man? In the realities, I'm still a gamer. So I wasn't not gaming during this time. I love CD Projekt Red. Did they muffle this launch of Cyberpunk? Yeah, they did, but I'm playing it on PC. It's not that bad. I'm playing Valorant, man. I'm still playing games because this is what I do. I want to do this for the rest of my life but I just want to play games. It's so fun to play games. Whether I get paid for it or I don't, I'm playing games, man. Y'all don't know the games I play on the side. Y'all think I only game agent plays as 2K because it's the only game I upload. I play other games. I just don't upload them. I don't have an audience for those. This is something that I've been doing over the last three years since 2K17 really. And I recommend more content creators do because it'll help you from not burning out. What I did is I only played 2K when I needed to. Not because I didn't enjoy the game when 2K19 was out or 2K20 was out, but because I didn't want to deal with being burnt out on the game that I get to upload for a living. So I want to, when I hop on these games, y'all see me do these funny moment videos with Vortex and Lowe and Click and all these other people. I want to genuinely have a real smile on my face because I'm enjoying myself. But what I'm afraid is going to happen because 2K wasn't for a long time doing a good job with releasing consistent new content is get burnt out. Y'all going to have to see me forcing myself to play the game? That's not going to be fun for y'all could tell if I'm forcing it. There's no way I could keep that smile on my face for that long. There just isn't a way. I remember before they made the update to remove the billboards and the game was rocking on two frames per second, I was forcing it. And I dropped the video comparing me forcing it to me actually enjoying the game once they made that change. The reality is, is man, y'all sit here and you watch these videos. You guys care about the game. You guys want the game to be good. I've lost faith in my ability to have any kind of meaningful positive change. Am I still going to bring up issues from time to time? Yeah, I will. Y'all think my videos went from in like rants type criticism videos to more like funny moments like me having a good time videos. Cause this wasn't working, bro. The first thing it wasn't working at all. Anyway, plus there's a lot of stuff behind the scenes that I just think is like, is not a good look. And my opinion is deterring people from even uploading the game. I'm not delusional enough to believe that the world of gaming revolves around content creators. I think we play a role, but I don't think it runs on us. I think 2K can still be a successful game regardless of who's creating content anywhere. I don't think they're relying on me to be a good game, not even remotely. And you'll notice a lot of other content creators is feeling the same frustration I'm feeling, man. They're trying to find some other to do cause 2K is not making it a good, like 2K is actively ruining the community, in my opinion. And which is so sad cause I genuinely believe they've added like a couple of people onto the team that have made it like a more hospitable place. Like they've added some cool people to the team. I'm on the community side of things. Anyway, that's genuinely how I've been feeling. I'm back to uploading now and let me know what y'all want to see from me really at the end of the day. Cause now I have so many other channels like I'm doing a lot of things that's not this. And all those links by the way are in the description. Y'all want to see something from me. Y'all just gonna have to let me know in the comments section but I'm gonna hop on. I do want to experiment with this little snow city. Ah, ah, ah. And I haven't played in a while so I'm gonna hop on. I'm gonna have a smile on my face while I'm doing it. And I'm hoping all these changes and these patches that they've been dropping actually make the game enjoyable. If you want to watch the last funny moments video I did man, it's sitting right here pretty. If not, I'm gonna catch you guys in the next one. I'm out.