Everybody Matt here for late in sports cards are up in one box of 2022 Panini prism soccer world cup hobby. This is for Rory B All right. Good luck Rory. It's on our website Raphael. We'll drop a link here for you Abdul Diallo, and this is auto to 99 international ink silver auto Dennis Bergkamp. Oh That's sick. That's a legend legend There you go Rory. Let's start to your box Jalph Felix blue And silver Christopher Kumku Arsenal 11. Yeah, that's right. There's Ronaldo. Yeah, that was a really good pack Rory Jalph Felix is really good too Ethan and Pado Silver, Switzerland Take that all day This is rookie Is this red or purple maroon? Yeah, Maroon to 22 that is Luca Suchich That's it Croatia that is to 22 Nice super low numbered rookie right there There you go Rory, I love the man. Yeah Denmark I love I Love the maroon. That's like the color of the world here Oh, yeah, see it on the pack Number to the year just pretty cool. Yeah, this is young men son Hyper I can probably see that one was it. Yeah, this is Jack Grealish silver and pink Joe Concello Henry To 199 dang that is sick. There you go Rory Good box here, then. Yeah You've got his auto nice. I remember when we pulled that for you Rory.  This is Kai Havertz red Scores club Rick Charleston Charleston is a beast This stuff super hard For Matthew Ryan silver. All right two packs to go This is rookie silver Kiyoko for a hushy David that is cracked ice Leandro Paraitis Argentina right Rory that'll do it for your box appreciate the purchase congrats on those cards. We'll get them right out to you


But you but you can say something about the question which you really would wish to know the answer to and I mean for me It would be what what's consciousness? Because because that's that's totally baffling Richard you know what I think I agree not that you asked but what I think on this is I consciousness has kind of baffled us for a while, okay, and Evidence that we haven't a clue about what consciousness is is drawn from the From the fact of how many books are published on the topic, right? We're not really continuing to publish books not really on like Newtonian physics. It's done. All right, so so the fact that people keep publishing books on consciousness is the evidence We don't know anything about it because if we knew all about it, you wouldn't have to keep publishing So so what I wonder What I wonder Richard is whether There really is no such thing as consciousness at all and that there's some other Understanding of the functioning of the human brain that renders that question obsolete To that I've got to say like oh wow I What is so funny about that of course that last voice was Bill Nye the science guy who was up there with him, too What he was astonished Bill was astonished I mean The idea that maybe consciousness is not there. It's probably the weirdest Stupidest idea ever conceived by human thought. I mean where does thought take place? It takes place in consciousness So here we have consciousness Speculating about the possibility that consciousness does not exist and it may not be there I mean the very thought is is that in your face Contradiction and the fact that something like this is not only seriously entertained but even verbalized by a person with the public exposure of the gentleman we just saw is is a Worrying sign of cultural sickness a very serious one You know the other thing that got me and I hope you just comment on because you are a Philosopher and expert in logic and you've your books you do a wonderful job of Deconstructing this silliness down to a level that is extremely comprehensive and well-thought-out, but I love Book thing I thought was just Stunning, you know, I mean What kind of logic is that they're not writing any books about physics? They're not ready And he's saying no Tonya fish. I mean I think first of all books you mean papers Don't you mean peer-reviewed published papers and aren't they doing a lot of work on gravity and you know Issues in physics that are central to preposterous at so many levels and it Just again, it's just really really funny But to his credit he did say the laws Newtonian laws so classical Newtonian physics but given that given that I mean this is I guess kind of interesting in that We build on these laws, right? So no one has said that the laws of Newtonian physics are quote-unquote wrong. They're just Incomplete they just describe a certain aspect of what we observe and the same could be said for this insistence that Consciousness is physical biological a brain-based all those things are not Wrong per se. They're just incomplete in terms of our understanding of consciousness Consciousness is as we'll talk about somehow fundamental then everything gets turned on its head But that doesn't mean that there aren't some neural correlates to consciousness and brain function So that's where I think it's it's just it just shows a deep Misunderstanding I guess would be generous or Of what they're really talking about when he talks about I think I think what motivates even the question because you see how they Formulated the question how Richard Dawkins formulated the question He said what is consciousness and what what they're trying to get at is a reduction What you're trying to answer the form of the answer. They are looking for is Consciousness is just this this and that operating in this that way Under this and that condition in other words They're trying to explain consciousness in terms of something else in terms of something that isn't consciousness That would be the answer to the question. What is consciousness? And and that is indeed a baffling question because you see who is trying to answer It is consciousness that is trying to answer. So you get a self-reference there that Makes the question indeed very baffling if you're framing it that way if you're trying to reduce consciousness And that's where it goes wrong. Nobody well very few people have stopped to think that Maybe we shouldn't formulate the question that way. Maybe what we have to ask is How can we explain everything else in terms of consciousness? Which is the given of reality? It's the basis of knowledge. It's that within which we know and inquire


Do you think Lamar Jackson may overthink things when he's being assessed or taking a test? If you were Raven's GM, which players stay and which players would be going? We say every single year that the Ravens have two to three bad games that they lose due to poor coaching. Why did the second one have to come into playoffs? These and many many more questions on this episode of NFL Questions from subscribers. YouTube team keep it clean. What's going on is saying Raven held another video in another episode of NFL Questions from subscribers. And this is a series where you can ask me any NFL question you want to based off of any NFL team that we answered in the video just like this. Now, if you want to be part of NFL Questions from subscribers, just send me an email at teamkeepitclean at gmail.com or you can even send something to the PO Box. The PO Box address is down below in the description and we will feature your question in the video just like this. Make sure you follow on Twitter, Instagram, join the Facebook group team, keep it clean if you like to. You can follow on Facebook too. I love y'all. I appreciate y'all. Let's jump in. First question came from my guy Minova. He said, Hey, engraving hope all as well. I was looking through the Ravens Pro Bowl gallery and saw a picture of Mark England with Derek Henry. Do you think the Ravens should add Derek Henry to our run heavy offense since he will be a free agent this off season? I would love if they did, but Derek Henry ain't going to. There's no, I just, I can't see the Titans letting him go anywhere. That'd be nice if the Ravens could get him. And that would make that run team even stronger to have a Mark England, Derek Henry and Gus. It was like, yikes.  That would be a big yikes. But again, it wouldn't be worth it.  If you invest big money into the running back position, which you have several pretty good running backs already with Mark England and Gus Edwards, just as he hasn't gotten a, he hasn't really gotten a chance to show if he's a really good running back or not yet. But if you really like invest in that, it just, it wouldn't be worth it. It'd be nice to have him, especially if you get him for cheap, but it wouldn't be worth it. He's going to command big money. It wouldn't be worth it for the Ravens to get him. Next question came from my boy Brandon. He said, what's up in Graven? First and foremost, I must say that I laughed with Carter at cheap toilet humor about duty during your IG stories. Hell yeah. That's Carter for you, man.  And I was all like, I know. He said, anyway, I wanted to create a Ravens wishlist here and possibly hear your thoughts, ideas and adjustments along with people up in the comments. So this is his Ravens offseason plans. He said, cut Tony Jefferson. I think, not that we want a man to lose his job or anything like that, but I do believe that's going to happen, especially with the emergence of Chuck Clark. Next, he said, let Jimmy Smith go. I mean, that one, I could understand why. And he said, let Judon go. And he said, cut car or resign him at a lower cap hit. I've said that I do expect them to do that to decline his option, but then resign him at a lower cap hit with Judon. It was tricky, man, because yeah, the last three years, he'd been like sort of shaky a little bit. But then this year, he'd been pretty good.  But with Judon, I would want them to keep him. I would understand if they didn't, but I would want them to keep him. But if they didn't, we'll see. Because there's been all this franchise tag and trade talk going on, but that could just be speculation. Anyway, he said, number one, Yannick said, Nick Alphabet. He all know who I'm talking about. I can't type his name right because my Gmail refreshes when I leave my window. Yeah, that name, if I don't see it, I wouldn't know it. Yannick and Godway though, I know how to say his name and I know how to spell his first name, his last name. Oh boy, if everything was on the line, they was like, hey, you got to spell his name right to move on to the next round. I'd just walk away because I would fail.  He said, number two is Gerald McCord. I would love to get another crack at signing them. Okay, you trying to get that interior pressure up, huh? No Dalen Mack for you? Okay, anyway, he said, and three, Von Miller. I don't know how we get them. I don't think he's a free agent, but his name been coming up and it'd be a dream come true. I think, I think he may get cut, man. I think Broncos may be like, look, it's been fun. We appreciate you. Shout out to the Superbowl. Thank you. But we're going to go in a different direction. But anyway, he said he feels more of a short thing than Judon. Maybe in the past Russian department, he can drop back a little bit too now, but I see what you're saying because there's been a lot more consistency over the years. He said, maybe he's cheaper or we can get some sort of Dumanville fax deal. Anyway, I'd rather pay him 15 million and give Judon that money. That's no disrespect because Judon did ball out last year. Of course, Von needs to come at the right price. He's not worth something crazy like a first rounder. I agree. But yeah, like I said, I think he could end up being cut. But we'll see. We'll see. He said, I would love to resign Pico, Jihad Ward and Josh Byans to short deals. Okay. Basically, I love to see our front seven be a force to be reckoned with, both interior rush and edge rush, having options that both run and pass defense. With this interior pressure, it would just be too much to handle for opposing defenses. And if we don't get too crazy and go reaching, I think we can fit these guys with our cap spacing cuts. Although they'd have to be short or front loaded deals so we can still sign our own young guys coming up. Okay. Okay. I see what you're getting at, man. Yeah. So they had Yannick and Godway, Gerald McCoy and Von Miller. That would be pretty powerful right there. Oof, that would be powerful. And then you still got the draft too. Oof, that'd be a big yikes for opposing teams. Then number four, he said he's 50-50 on AJ Green. This is more of a conditional thing, depending on if we can make a low risk investment with a high ceiling. If AJ can be healthy, I think it'd be scary having him on another end of Hollywood. Yes, it would. Man, a healthy AJ Green, man. AJ Green is so nice, man. He can catch those high balls that Lamar be putting up. He could make a play, make a little something that would be that possession receiver. He got a decent amount of speed. He ain't no burner or anything, but he got a decent amount of speed now, man. And he said, if AJ can be healthy, I think, oh, he said that. But we have the ability to sit back and chill instead of reaching for a wide receiver. I'd also like to see us take more swings at bat during the draft. Okay, draft wish list. Honestly, I don't know all the names in the draft and looking forward to learning more in the next coming months. First round, inside linebacker, Murray. I think that's the one from Oklahoma. Kenneth Murray, right? He said, second and third round would be nice to add an outside pass rusher and another wide receiver that can add even more speed to our offense and catch, of course. Now, with that wide receiver, I think a big thing, whether it's wide receiver running back, I think a big thing would be that a lot of us have been overlooking in a wide receiver is a return man. If we can get somebody explosive in a return game, that can go a long way. And he said, apparently we'll have four fourth rounders. We'll love to see us beef up for our interior line, cornerback depth, another big body wide receiver if we don't get AJ or another vet, and an additional pass rusher. I won't go beyond fourth round. So that won't go beyond fourth round. Anyway, this sometimes feels like my favorite time of the year and excited to see what moves we make. Yeah, it's a lot of fun, man. It's a lot of fun. We were of course hoping that we would be seeing what kind of moves the Ravens would be making after a Super Bowl, but it's all good, man. It's all good. I see a lot of more people have moved on a lot more and a lot better. A lot of y'all are doing in better spirits now. So that is a beautiful thing. So good stuff and great questions, great scenarios. And I see you dove deep into this thing. So we appreciate it. Next question came from a boy, Enonix. He said, Ingrid, you just saw your video on Lamar's cringe-worthy passing skills performance. I believe this is about the third time I've seen a poor skill level assessment like this from Lamar. I saw a college QB with his draft class. Oh, I saw a college QB challenge with his draft class. Donald, Allen, Rosen, et cetera before the draft. Lamar was least accurate on targets. It was a camp with those same QBs working with elite high school QBs having a friendly challenge, finished last on targets. The third was this one. Fourth, if you consider the combine.  Do you think Lamar over-thinks things when he's being analyzed or assessed but plays loose when it's game time? I can see accuracy issues due to defensive pressures but skills challenges don't have that. What are your thoughts? Love the Viz and look forward to your insightful off-season discussions. Hey, that could be it. That could be it. Maybe he's just not a good test taker. That happens. There's a lot of people like that. So that's why I said in that video and in others, too, that it didn't concern me in the least that he was missing these little targets. I was like, okay, I was laughing at it. That's why I was laughing at it because it was funny. It was funny. I would love to try that, though. I would love to try that. That would be so much fun. It'd be hard, but I would love to try it. But anyway, yeah, it could be that. Yeah, man, whether he's over there or he just could have been out there just having a great time. He could have been out there having a great time. He could be one of those people that's like, again, when it's time to take the test, he'd be like, oh, man, like, yeah, he could be overthinking a little bit, just not just being his natural self. But when it's game time, oh, yeah, that's a different kind of test right there. So, yeah, it ain't no concerns. It ain't no worries. It ain't no issues. I mean, he got stuff to work on. But the skills test, that, yeah, it wasn't nothing. Next question came from a boy, Jarvis Fowler. He said, team, keep it clean. Hope all is well with you and the fam. It's time to put you in the GM chair once again. Who stays and goes? Ooh, yikes. Who stays and who goes? I think Tony Jefferson is going. Jimmy Smith, if we can get a cheap deal, he could stay. Matt Judon, if we can get a deal, I don't want to break the market or set the market, but if we can get a decent deal, he would stay. I know that one wouldn't be cheap, but I will keep him. Who else? Pico, Bynes. Because I feel like it's just so empty at inside linebacker because we just got LJ Ford and that's it. Bynes, I would actually, I think he may stay. And I would sort of try to start doing the transition. Also draft the guy too. Pico, maybe stay. Pierce gone. Chris Morgan. Seth Roberts. No, it's not popular after that playoff game. I would be like 55-45 for him staying. Yeah, that's it. Next question came from a boy, Spooky Ghostface. He said, what's up in Graven? If the Ravens do sign Dez, Brian and Amari Cooper, do you think we'll use Dez as an Anquan Bowden and Amari as a third wide receiver? So we have four wide outs. It would be Willie Snead in the slant. Hollywood Brown goes for a deep pass. So Amari Cooper, he's on the sideline. So he'd be outside receiver and Dez, Brian will be in the red zone. I think he could be used like an Anquan Bowden, but he wouldn't be used like an Anquan Bowden because this offense is just so different than that offense was. But I guess if you want to put it in the light of him just being a possession receiver, not getting too much separation and whatnot and him just making those contested catches, then yeah, he could be like an Anquan Bowden and being a blocker, being that physical wide receiver, being that veteran wide receiver who can help the other guys too. So yeah, I could see it like that. And then having these other guys, yeah, Willie Snead underneath Hollywood with a deep pass of Amari Cooper that other outside deep threat to playmaking wide receiver and Dez, Brian being used in the red zone. Yeah, I could see it happening like that. I don't think we'll sign really either one, but you never know. You never know. Next question came from a boy, Jawa Fowler. He said, correct me if I'm wrong, but I think you said we shouldn't sign. Look, see, team keeping clean. Y'all be on the same page, man. He said, correct me if I'm wrong, but I think you said we shouldn't sign Dez, Brian, but do you think he can be our Anquan Bowden? I said, I don't think they will sign them. And I would be like, I would be whatever about them signing. If they sign them cool, if they didn't sign them cool, either way. But yeah, we, yeah, y'all be on the same page. But yeah, about the Anquan Bowden thing. Yeah, we just talked about that one. Good time. Next question came from a boy, Thomas Morgan. He said, have you ever watched Sumo wrestling?  He said, I just watched the end of this tournament and thought that the Ravens ought to send a scout over to Japan to check these guys out. They could put one of these 400 pound dudes out there next to Brandon Williams and stop there, Henry, with no problem. Hey, they could, man. And these Sumo wrestlers, they really know how to use their body. They know how to move their weight. They know how to really get the most out of their strength. So it could work. You might be on to something. Next question came from a boy, Chris. Oh, he said, what's up in Raven? Hope all is well with you and your family. I appreciate it, Chris. He said, do you think the Ravens should trade Matt Judon and a first from next year, a second from this year, to the Redskins for the number two overall pick to get Chase here? Oh, wow. Wow. Should the Ravens trade Matt Judon and the first from, and the first from next year and the second from this year to the Redskins for the number two overall pick to get Chase young? Wow. That's tough. That'd be giving up a lot. I, ooh, that'd be giving up a whole lot. And that'd be giving up a lot for something that you, and again, with draft, with the draft, it's a risk. Everybody's a risk. Matt Judon, you know what he brings. You know what he can do. And you know what he can do alone without a significant pass rush on the opposite side of him. So I feel like he's more safe to keep. I don't think they should. It'd be nice if they could get a Chase young too. And keep Matt Judon. For this, I just, no, they, they, they, I don't think they should do that because that's a, ooh, you know, Matt Judon and a first from next year and a second from this year to move up to the Redskins for number two. The number two overall pick. Actually, when this for the number two overall pick, that's really not, no, that is a lot. No, I would, I would, I would say no. Last question on this episode, NFL question from subscribers came from my boy, Reginald. He said, uh, what's good and great. I'm hoping you're in the family doing well. I think I finally gotten over the playoff loss, but with me living in Dallas, I'm actually still catching hate all over the place about Lamar and the team. LOL. Anyway, I had some thoughts and a question about the game. First off, I don't know if I want that first round by anymore. Unless we don't forget how we play our football coming out of the bar and perfectly fine with the second seed for the time being. Secondly, as much as I loved our team going 14 and two throughout our win streak, there was always a feeling in my stomach every week I had when we played. Oh yeah, I think we all had it too. And he said, I've always thought we were going to win, but at the same time, the feeling always stuck. And I think I figured out the reason why, why, which leads me to my question. And one of your videos in the middle of the season, someone had mentioned in their question that hardball always had like three bad games a year where he would just forget how to coach. Yeah, they did. I mentioned that a lot too. I said that he usually loses two to three games a year every single season due to bad coaching, every single season. And this year it was two. One was against the Chiefs and the other one was against the Titans. Anyway, he said, so do you think that playoff, and I didn't say against the Browns because with the Browns, I think they lost that one due to poor fundamentals, not even just coaching, but really due to fundamentals. So the Chiefs and the Titans game. Anyway, he said, so do you think that playoff game was one of those games that he just wasn't prepared? Because if you do that math after the Chiefs and Browns losses, that playoff loss will give you that third game where hardball didn't coach his best. I think that feeling what that, I think that feeling I was having in my stomach was that we just needed to lose one more game during the season to keep the teams head straight and let them know that anything could happen at any given Sunday. Unfortunately, that game ended up being the playoff game. But hey, it is what it is. And I'm still proud of my team. We can't go anywhere but up from here. But anyway, I just wanted to know your thoughts and hashtag team keep it clean. But we could actually go down and be a lot worse, not even make the playoffs. We could go like 0 and 16. So we could go down from here. I don't expect them to, but he get what I'm saying. But yeah, that was the game. That was the game. That was the one right there. Where hardball, he did it. He did it. He did it. So came at the worst time, obviously. They completely like trashed their game plan. It was almost like a Jerry Rice a move when him and Tim Brown was on the Raiders and they had this one playoff game plan. And then the day of the playoff game, they completely trashed it and they ended up losing. And anyway, it was just, it was bad. So yeah, he saved it for the worst possible time.


Okay? Just a change of basis by a two by two matrix with integer coefficients and determinant one to get from one to the other. And v1, v2 is a good basis in the sense that it's reasonably orthogonal.  So suppose I try to use that bad basis with the algorithm on the earlier slide. In this case I chose a target point that's in the fundamental domain, right? So my algorithm would just say take the vertices and pick the closest vertex to the target vector, which is this one that just popped up, closest vertex. But you can see visually that's not the closest lattice point, right? That's the closest lattice point over here. Okay? So here we have an example of a problem, the closest vector problem that might be easy to, well, somewhat easy to solve if you have a good basis, but very hard to solve if you have a bad basis. Okay? Now for those who have seen a bit of cryptography, you've probably seen it in some sort of course, like RSA for example. Problems which are hard to solve with certain information but easy to solve with extra information are good candidates for building crypto systems. Okay? And that's what we will do eventually. However, I want to mention that lattices come up all through mathematics. I listed here they've been studied intensively for more than a hundred years. I'm not a mathematical historian. I expect you could you could push that way, way back. The first instances of when they actually appear, they have all kinds of applications in pure math, applied math, optimization problems. They come up in physics all over, chemistry, crystallography, and cryptography, and lots of other things. So the, this is probably not the right thing to say. It's not so much the theoretical study of lattices as number theorists who study lattices tend to call it the geometry of numbers because that's what Minkowski named it in a very influential book of his called Geometry of Numbers or Geometry of Integers. And that's our main topic for today. Okay? This is the same Minkowski who, you know, famous in physics. He was also a number theorist. So the practical process of actually finding a shortest or closest vector is called lattice reduction. And that's what I'll talk about tomorrow. And I'll talk about the best known algorithms. If you want to make a splash and can come up with a much faster algorithm to solve these problems, that would be really interesting. So that's what we'll talk about tomorrow. Okay. So this just sort of repeats what's at the top of this page, except specifically lattice reduction gets used a lot in number theory, computer algebra systems. For example, how many people have used a computer algebra system which computes we're called Grobner bases anyone knows? Yeah. The underlying algorithm for that is using lattice reduction, combinatorics and cryptography. Okay. So what distinguishes a good basis from a bad basis? Well, I kind of told you good bases, the vectors are kind of perpendicular, bad bases, they are make small angles, but let's quantify that a bit. So first, we have this upper bound for the volume of a fundamental domain. Remember the determinant of L is just the volume of that parallelogram or a higher dimensional parallelogram. And its volume is at most the product of the size of the length. And you get equality if and only if all of the vectors are perpendicular to one another. So you're getting a rectangular shaped box. And it's true, yeah, because a parallel, parallel pipette never has volume greater than the product of its size. There's a more, oh, by the way, in these lectures, I have a certain amount of time, the notes contain a lot more detail. So if there's something I've done that's a little quick, you can go look in the notes. You can also come ask me or the TA at question time. Okay, so it's an equality if and only if the vectors are perpendicular, the basis vectors. It is not true that every lattice has a basis consisting of vectors that are perpendicular to each other. I mean, kind of the one I had up at the beginning in with the parallelogram, it doesn't have any pair of vectors that are perpendicular to each other. Well, other than the zero vector. Okay, so we want to ask to what extent can we find vectors that are as perpendicular as possible. Okay, and there's a famous theorem of Minkowski's, Hermit also did some stuff with this, that says that every lattice does have a basis that's reasonably orthogonal where the amount of non-orthogonality is measured just by a function of the dimension. Okay, so let's see what that looks like in practice. So it says there's this constant that just depends on the dimension. So if you take any lattice of dimension n, any basis, you know, take a basis and take their z linear span, then first the shortest vector, non-zero vector in the lattice is always smaller than, well, this has the right dimension in terms of, you know, feet inches, square inches. This is a distance, the determinants of volume, you take the n through it, it's a distance. So there is a shortest vector less than the determinant to the one over n. And we're generally, there's actually a basis so that the product, remember this product is always bigger than the determinant, right, that was Hadamard's theorem on the previous slide, because it's the product of the sides of the parallel pipette is bigger than the volume. But there's always exists a basis so that the product of the sides is no more than this scaling factor that only depends on the dimension. However, it does depend on the dimension to the nth power, it's exponential in n. I guess it looks worse than that because I didn't tell you what gamma n is yet. But gamma n is sort of a bounded quantity as well, well, I'm sorry, not quite, almost bound. It's polynomial. So gamma n is called Hermit's constant. Again, I don't know the whole history, I'm not quite sure why it's not called Minkowski's constant. But anyway, one can show, there are upper and lower bounds, explicit ones in the literature if you ever need an explicit bound. But roughly speaking, it looks like a scalar multiple of square root of n and here's the upper bound, here's the lower bound. They only differ by one over root two, not much different. It's a major open problem to compute the exact value of gamma n. It's known for all n less than or equal to 8. I think I put out the values in the notes. And for n equals 24, why n equals 24? Two words, leach lattice. There's this very special lattice in dimension 24, which actually I think will come up in Henry Cohn's lectures at some point this week in a rather different context with sphere packing. Anyway, so what I want to spend much of the rest of the lecture today doing is sketching a proof of Minkowski's theorem. Not having been here, I actually didn't exactly know what these lectures were supposed to be like. I mean, I could just do a whole survey and you'd see a lot of interesting results with no proofs or I could introduce this on slide two and spent the whole hour doing all the technical details. So I kind of tried to split things. So having now introduced lattices and the hard problems and stuff, I thought I'd sketch the proof of part of at least part of Minkowski's theorem. And I want to mention there are a number of different ways to prove this. So I'm going to give a proof that I kind of like it's kind of a pigeonhole volume computation type thing. There's another proof, well it uses this lemma, which I'll get to in a second, which has many other uses. But there's another proof in the notes using what are called Voronoi cells, which are associated to lattices and are quite important and there are lots of really interesting theorems and open problems related to Voronoi cells. Anyway, so here's this lemma of Minkowski's, which looks a little technical. So I'm going to state it and I'll break it down bit by bit. So suppose we have a lattice in dimension N and again, if, well, if you're like my colleague Tom Banchov, you can imagine something in four dimensions, otherwise probably the best you can do, like me, maybe visualize a three-dimensional lattice.  And also a region, just a blob. Okay. But a fairly nice blob. So it's compact, so closed and bounded.  Convex, well what convex means is if you take two points in the blob, it'll come back on in a second. If you take two points in the blob, the entire line of segment connecting those two points is in the blob. That's what convexity means. Symmetric, just symmetric around the origin. If a vector is in the blob, then minus the vector is in the blob. Okay. So it really, the thing you should visualize as a squished ball, or in fact what we're going to use is a fundamental domain. A parallel piped, well if you take the closure of one of those parallel pipeds, it would be compact, convex, symmetric. Well, the one I drew is that you have to shift it to make it symmetric. And I want the blob to be fairly big. So it has volume, at least two to the n times the volume of a fundamental domain. Okay. So that's a lot of conditions, but we get a pretty nice conclusion out of it, mainly that it then contains a non-zero lattice point. So this is one of those magic theorems that you feed in some data, in this case about the size of the fundamental domain and the size of this nice blobby region, and it magically produces a point for you. Okay. So again, just to reiterate, because this is one of the problems with slide lectures. I like them in some sense, because I could get everything prepared ahead of time, but it'd be nice if this definition was in front of you. So compact is closed and bounded, convex means any two points in the region, the line segments in the region, and symmetric just means it's symmetric about the origin. Vector in the region, then minus vectors in the region. So that's what our region looks like. And we're also assuming that its volume is at least 2 to the n times the volume of a fundamental domain of the lattice. And our goal is to create a non-zero lattice point. That tends to be hard to create a point. So what we're going to do essentially is create two lattice points and show that they're different and their difference will be the thing we're looking for. All right. So here's where we start. We start with our basis for our lattice and the fundamental domain is the parallel piped that it spans. So this is all from previous slides. And for each element of the lattice, I'm going to translate that fundamental domain by the point in the lattice. So for each lattice point, I'll write F plus V to be, you just take the points in the fundamental domain in the parallel, I'm going to say parallelogram because parallel piped's too much of a mouthful, but in the parallelogram, and you translate it by this lattice vector V. And we saw pictures of that before. Sort of you have the parallelogram, you shift it up, you shift it over, you shift it up and over, and down to the left, down to the right, so on. And as V varies over the lattice, these shifted fundamental domains will cover all of Rn. Right? Because you take any point in Rn, well you have this fundamental domain. When you shift, right, they have a boundary side in common and you just shift and they fill up all of space. So this is key fact number one. The shifts of the fundamental domain by the points in the lattice cover Rn and in fact they cover it disjointly essentially, other than depending on the boundary on the edges. Okay? And the reason that's useful is remember I had that region that's sitting in Rn. That means the region is sitting in this union, so I can break it up into pieces. Oh, okay. So here's the picture. Right? Here's my initial fundamental domain. Shift it over, shift it up, over up, over down. Oh, I didn't draw the bottom of it. There's another one here and another one here and so on. It just covers all of space. Pretty much disjointly. So that means every point in the region or actually every point in space. Right? It's sitting in one of these translated fundamental domains. So it looks like a lattice vector V sub R plus a fundamental domain vector W, so R. And if you make the fundamental domains where you take sort of the bottom and the left sides to be closed and the top and the right sides to be open, it'll actually be unique. Okay? So we take R, we translate it by an element of the lattice until it lies in the fundamental domain. Good with that? So every point in the region has been decomposed as lattice vector plus fundamental domain vector. Now the trick which is very clever which I'm guessing was Minkowski's idea. Anyway, what we do is we shrink the region by a factor of two. So we multiply by a half. It was I just take every point in the region and I multiply it by a half and the region goes loop and it gets smaller. So imagine a squashed sphere a squashed ball, you know you get a squashed ball half the size or a parallelogram loop, it becomes half the size. And this will come up in a minute. I'm going to mention it now as a preview. So what's the volume of this squashed thing? In one dimension if you multiply a line segment by a half, it's half as long. In two space if you multiply something by a half every dimension shrinks by a half. So the volume goes down by a quarter. So here the volume will go down by two to the n. You may recall there was a two to the n in the statement of the theorem that's where this is coming from. Okay, so what we do is we shrink or dilate the region by a factor of two and then I look at the map that sends an element in the dilated region to, well remember I can write that point one half r as a lattice vector plus a fundamental domain vector and I'm just going to send it to its fundamental domain vector. And if you think about what we're doing this is essentially just going to be, well it's roughly a linear translate kind of thing. So this map is going to preserve volumes at least locally. If I take a little volume, if I take a little part a little region in real space, okay? And I map the points in that region to their WR points meaning I translate by a lattice point, okay? The volume of the region will be the volume of its image. Now this isn't a homeomorphism if you run over the boundary of a fundamental domain, your little piece of region will get broken up into maybe several different little regions but it'll be a finite number of them and their union will have the same volume, okay? Alright, so we're considering that map and as I already pointed out because it's important that I wanted to mention it twice the volume of the dilated region is 1 over 2 to the n times the original volume because you're in n dimensional space. So every direction has been cut by a half in their n independent directions. And I thought that 1 over 2 to the n times the volume of the region is strictly bigger than the volume of the fundamental domain and that's an easy claim to prove because this was the original assumption in the statement of the theorem except that the 2 to the n was on the other side of the inequality. Right? Our original assumption was that the region had volume bigger than 2 to the n times the determinant of the lattice which is the volume of the fundamental domain. And now this is our pigeonhole principle kind of thing but it's kind of I think of it as pigeonhole principle except it's really a volume overlap thing because it's, you know, it's not discreet but we have this region 1 half r we're mapping it by a volume preserving map to this fundamental domain and the thing we started with F has volume strictly bigger than the range where we're headed and the conclusion is there has to be two points in this dilated region, 1 half r, that go to the same point in F. Right? Because it's volume preserving, bigger volume to smaller volume that's locally volume preserving, bigger volume to smaller volume but we have two points that collide. Okay? Good. So that means there are two points in this dilated region that go to the same point in the fundamental domain. So when I write the first point 1 half r1 as the lattice point plus a fundamental domain point and the second 1 half r2 as the lattice point plus a fundamental domain point their fundamental domain points are the same. That's what all that work was to do to find two points in the dilated region that when you decompose them they hit the same fundamental domain point. Okay? So we have these two decompositions V1 and V2 are lattice points W is a fundamental domain point and it's in both of them. Obvious math to do if you have two equations and they have a common quantity in them, you subtract them. So if we take the difference of 1 half r1 minus 1 half r2 we get V1 minus V2 that's in the lattice. Right? And it's not the zero lattice point. That was all our work. Yeah, when I say find two points two distinct points r1 and r2 are different. Right? So that's not zero.


Were y'all sleeping if so, I really don't care wake up get up right now because there's something brewing With these Baltimore Ravens. There's something brewing with Lamar Jackson. There's something that's getting ready to go down Very very soon and you could just tell you could just tell earlier today We talked about Odell Beckham junior and the Baltimore Ravens them throwing them hints out there and then tonight Just a couple of minutes ago Lamar Jackson himself The ball Jackson decided to chime in and you know the thing about Lamar Jackson is He can say so much without even saying a word Without even saying a word because all he did was put a gift a SpongeBob looking a little confused and at first then realizing what wait a minute and then doing this this grin this smile and Again, we've been through this with Lamar already. We know that he knows exactly what he's doing. He is extremely Calculated extremely now it's interesting because this comes about Maybe about an hour and change after Jack settlement Jack settlement, we know he's plugged in a bit with some Ravens players and whatnot But he tweeted something that was a little interesting. Let's read what he had to say. He said report There is an expectation amongst Ravens players That Lamar Jackson intends to sign a long-term deal with Baltimore The Ravens trade for Odell Beckham junior made Lamar happy One player said Lamar is signing the long-term deal. It's just a matter of time So again, this is from Jack settlement and again, he is plugged in with some of the Ravens players and whatnot But so he does have some credibility And and I've seen him report something before nothing crazy, but I've seen him report something before but I cannot remember Exactly what it was. But anyway This it's just it seems like everything is lining up It seems like everything is lining up and everything is starting to come together When is it gonna be a I would expect it like drafters on Thursday Look Ravens Wednesday is a good day to clear a lot of this stuff up. That would be nice I know y'all like doing stuff Right at the deadline and technically there is no deadline right now Well, for Lamar to sign a long-term deal of the deadline would be the middle of July. I think July 17th, but anyway We don't need to worry about that deadline. Let's let's let's make a new deadline. Let's make the deadline Round one of the draft. How about we do that? Man, that's like sounds good. Yeah. Yeah, I think we should do that. How about we make that the deadline and Hopefully this will spark some action Because that will be a beautiful thing if Before the draft The Ravens will know officially Not by force But they will know officially who their starting quarterback is and they won't be no non-exclusive franchise No, no, no, no, no Hopefully it can be with a long-term deal Whether it's a three-year deal Whether it's a four-year whatever it ends up being Hopefully they can get this thing squared away ASAP and Both both both parties can be happy the Ravens will be happy because I'm sure whatever the deal ends up being Probably not gonna be fully guaranteed or Lamar can be a be happy because whatever the deal ends up being Still get a lot of money A lot of money, but now see get this This is the part that I'm really hoping for This will be the kicker. It started with Odell Beckham, Jr Nelson Aguilera not too shabby either, but it really started with Odell Beckham, Jr But if the Ravens they pay Lamar Jackson Pay him a boatload of money They got Odell Beckham, Jr. But if they didn't stop now again, Rashad Bateman Odell Beckham, Jr. Aguilera, Duvenay, that ain't that ain't bad Mark Andrews, obviously JK Dobbins, Gus Edwards Isaiah likely to throw him in there as well But that ain't bad. That's not bad, but What if the Ravens did even better? What what if they did even better, of course, we've been keep talking about it I know somebody in the comment section like why does Ravens fans keep talking about the Andre Hopkins and I replied to him I'm say I'm gonna keep talking about the Andre Hopkins until he is either traded or he signs with another team Until that happens.  Obviously, you got the draft coming up in two days like in this time in two days Ravens will probably be picking like around now because the draft starts it was like 730 or 8 And you know they take them teams take forever to get them picks in in the first round because that's the big show That's an everybody all dressed up and whatnot. They walking down and all that they get it And that's it. It's cool. We love it. That's why we stream it because we enjoy it But um, it's gonna be a while before you get to pick 22 Unless the Ravens move up which nobody anticipates him doing But we could also see the Ravens moving down to acquire even more draft picks So you'll see or Get this We could also envision the Ravens trading out of the first round And again, these rumors they've been floating around you. I know y'all seen them already I know y'all seen them already, but these rumors been floating around like crazy about whatever the Ravens could possibly do It's crazy out here, man.  We know what you're doing, but again the timing this this goes back remember when Odell Beckham junior signed and We know Lamar has been he been posting so much different stuff now What'll get me what'll really get me going is if the Ravens Tomorrow morning cuz you know Ravens their social media they sleep right now. They knocked out they in bed right now So they got to get ready for work in the morning But once they wake up tomorrow and they see this If they quote tweeted If they quote tweeted Then Lamar signing that deal in the next couple days If the Ravens quote tweet this from Lamar Jackson then that deal is it's happening over the next two days for sure Let them mess around a quote tweeted watch out tomorrow morning when they wake up Because they got to wake up had a coffee and stuff take that shower brush your teeth get dressed head the Owings meals Login to the Ravens Twitter account Instagram account all that good social media stuff and once they see it Then it's all so anyway, thank you. I appreciate y'all. I love y'all this whole ride has been it's crazy But it seems like to me. It's just me. It's just my opinion. I don't know nothing from nothing but to me it's seeming like things are lining up and We are getting close to the end of this whole thing. That's what it seems like to me. That's again. That's just me I don't know nothing But it seems like we are getting closer and closer and closer to the end and it seems like there's going to be a positive resolution Between Lamar Jackson and these Baltimore Ravens Hopefully we can hear about that over the next couple of days because it seems like we're gonna hear about that over the next couple of days so hopefully After we hear about that that can officially confirm that Lamar Jackson as a Baltimore Raven will not be out. I love y'all


Hey, what's going on y'all? Listen, your girl got some books for you. I have I just went to the store I think I went to Barnes & Noble and half price bookstore and I have just been grabbing books I'm like, oh, I think I'm gonna read that I want to read that I have to commute into my office now Two to three times a week and so I'm on the train and when I'm on the train I like to like kind of decompress and read versus like checking email Not everything the whole time because again, I gotta do all that when I get into work So it's kind of like my time to relax and so I want to talk about some books that I have on deck that I'm going to read Now this one this author It's gonna take me back. If you're if like if you know I'm like, I think it was in the 90s late 90s early 2000s Like it was all about a lot of us a certain black authors that was just like booming and Kimberla Lawson Robie was one of those authors and I have not read one of her books in forever So this one is sister friends forever Now so again I love reading books by black authors or just authors of color in general because I feel like I learn more about other cultures and I saw see myself reflected and These days just like when I walk around I want to see myself I don't want to always read about somebody else or somebody else's situation I want to have some type of reflection or just learn at least learn something about other cultures So I have not been really what this is about But sister friends forever. I'm like, okay. I have a feeling is giving me Living single slash girlfriends Maybe a henna sex in the city. I don't know but I'm like, you know Reading the back of it says Serena Michelle Kenyon when that have been best friends since they were small children And that sister friends forever They have always been there for another through good times and bad no matter what if you have one friend If you have two you and I both know there's always some drama associated with friendship because we're humans and you know We don't always get along and stuff So I imagine that with everything going on in their families That's gonna be some crucial like turning points for each woman. I'm looking forward to it. It should be a good read I'll let you know what I think of it My second book by a woman of color is by Christina Forrest and it's called the neighbor favor And I am pretty sure this is like your rom-com type of book And again, I don't I'm very weary of reading rom-com type books or romantic books Just because again, that's not where I'm at in my life And I want to make sure that I'm putting in the right things and not making I don't know. I want to be just around here feeding myself the wrong stuff I think she's a bookworm who he meets his author Like that kind of stuff I can I can get with I'm gonna let y'all know because also I do want to make sure that there aren't like unnecessary sex scenes and stuff again Your girl loves Jesus and ain't having sex until I get married. So Yeah, I don't want to read about it. So I will let you know if there's any of that going on But I think it's gonna be kind of like just cute and kind of hokey. Give me a little bit like hallmark Movie type vibe but with black folks. So I don't know we gonna see I will come back and let you know Now I got a few more here. Both of these are by an author. I absolutely love Jojo Moyas, I don't know if that's how you pronounce her last name I actually don't know. This is her new newest one someone else's shoes Because it's still in I don't think I can even get it in us Oh, not not hardcover. What's the other one paperback paperback. Yeah, I have to think about it Again, yeah, I don't really even know what these books are about I just know their authors that I like and I'm like I've normally really enjoyed their books and now one plus one This is probably somewhere romantic Here you keep saying that you don't read those kind of books, but yet you have those kind of books. Yes We're gonna see We're gonna see what it's about again. I am a fan of this author She normally the stories move pretty well. I Don't know. I'm just gonna come back and tell y'all if it's right or not All right, and then the last two Kristen Higgins a little Ray of sunshine. I really enjoy her like she is It's like most of her books are set somewhere on the east coast on the beach or something like that Like these are like the good beach trees at least this one is this is her newest one copyright 2023 I'm actually have several of her books that I've read and I really just normally enjoy her like she does it Nothing's too run. She is a good story moves. Well So we're gonna see like I'm sure there's some type of like I Won't say romance, but there's probably some type of like, you know Friendship, but it's like Elvis. That's like a happy ending. I don't know y'all like I just in the mood to read like soft stuff I don't read her stuff even though this one this one might be a little harder It's called I wish you were here and it's basically I think this is about a woman who gets caught up in the COVID I was about to say the corona I laugh about that now. But as we all know COVID wasn't some laugh at for a lot of people But yeah, I kind of Jony Pico like she's a winner. I mean, I don't know if I've ever picked up a book of hers that didn't like Listen and a lot of her books. I don't know. They're just so much to read So yeah, yeah, I'm gonna be out here in these streets reading You know, we got less bit of summer here in the Bay Area We're gonna October is normally pretty warm for us and then it starts to die down But I'm like, I'm gonna be somewhere posted up in the chair reading and minding my business. That's the plan You know your girl schedule gets a little busy sometimes But if I'm not on Bart reading, I will be somewhere trying to read at nighttime do better about my like think time routine But we'll see I'll let you know how they work out. So I'll be back with some book reviews. See you next time


The first Gremlins movie came out in 1984. The sequel six years later in 1990. I did the math. You're welcome What boggles my mind is there hasn't been a third installment I put this franchise in the same category as Ghostbusters So I guess it's only a matter of time before it's rebooted with an all-female cast for now though Let's feud these two classics. It's Gremlins one versus Gremlins two and movie feuds Both Gremlins films follow Billy Peltzer and his lovable Mogwai Gizmo Billy is played by actor Zach Galli again who I've never seen in anything outside of these two movies I did check out his IMDB page and he's getting steady work since the 80s So good for him.  The sequel offers a few notable additions such as the late great Christopher Lee as a mad scientist and Robert Krosky as Billy's grandpa I could have done without that side story as it just bogs down the picture and doesn't really add any value to the story John Glover as CEO Daniel Clamp, however, is a lot of fun But we the audience just really want to see those wacky Gremlins cause chaos everywhere they go Gizmo seems almost sidelined in number two after watching it again recently But as John Rambo impression is on fleek what the sequel does very well is give the Gremlins individual personalities this time Especially the borderline retarded one who has the mean case of the crazy eyes The thing is just a spaz the true genius comes from the lab when the Gremlins start chugging the different vials Spider Gremlins downright scary and bad Gremlin of course goes out like a boss My favorite is the one that turns into a genius, but on the other end of the spectrum We have a Gremlin who drinks a vial of the female anatomy or something goes full-on Caitlyn Jenner While Gremlins 2 is not near as scary as the first that female Gremlin is a thing of nightmares It wouldn't have been so bad except the movie ends with what appears to be consensual intercourse between a human and this Freak of nature there's one made of vegetables and another a pure electricity to round out the crew They may not be as scary in this second outing, but they're a hell of a lot of fun The plot of Gremlins is pretty straightforward Billy gets a new pet from his inventor father from some sketchy-ass place in the bad part of town That apparently sells merchandise that's catered to psychos the gift of course comes with some rules And it becomes clear pretty on that Billy is the worst pet owner on the planet Especially by the time the sequel rules around a mogwai cannot under any circumstances get wet It can't eat after midnight and it can't be out in the sun the same rules apply to pretty much any porn star over the age Of 40 naturally Billy can't even last a few nights before he utterly fails at these simple tasks and the next thing You know, there's a small litter of these little shitheads roaming the house I freaking love how all these little offspring of gizmo hate him so much and they knew everything in their power to make His life hell they owe their entire existence to him But it doesn't matter anyways the small town gets turned into shambles in one night Thanks to these little freaks before Billy and gizmo can turn the lights on I know gremlins 2 turned off some fans of the first due to its much wackier tone It's a funny movie where the first one balances that more with some scarier aspects Number two was intentionally campy and very much a parody of itself You have to give the movie props for going a different direction and not just rehashing the first movie like most sequels do it Put itself out there. It's in a new city.  I don't understand gizmo takes a shot of water to the face and the rest is history It was a nice touch using the electric gremlin from earlier to take out the rest of the gang Even better was doing it right after they finished their beautiful rendition of New York, New York It's just a great send-off to the whole what what the hell what what is what what's going on? No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, you just got this new set. They're screwing it all up tap stop up Jerry Goldsmith composed the mischievous and incredibly catchy score for the gremlins along with gizmos theme song Howie Mandel who voices the little tyke doesn't actually hum the song instead goldsmith had a childhood actress slash acquaintance of his Yeah, yeah I also do some research on this show from time to time the action in both flicks is quite believable Thanks to amazing effects work done by Chris Wallace and his team He didn't go back to work on the new batch But Academy Award winner Chris Baker took the helm and knocked it out of the park The first film features gremlins getting frappade Microwaved and just blown to kingdom coming back The second though has my favorite kill which sees a gremlin going through a paper shredder And just green blood flying this way and that it's a good it's a good time. Let's let's close this down There are always rumors flying around this way and that that there's gonna be a third gremlins on the way It's gonna be a sequel a follow-up to the first two and I for one. I'm happy to hear They're not just gonna reboot this thing There are certain properties that just can't be replaced gremlins still holds up remarkably well with terrific suspense Brilliant puppetry amazing music and plenty of laughs if a third ever does see the light of day I hope those involved remember what made these pictures so great the big question every time we do this though Is which one is better? I want to hear from you comment vote and remember this is more than just reviews This is movie feuds And my my staffs my staffs dead. Okay. Well, that's just that's just great


Russian mercenaries gathered on August 29 for the funeral of one of Yevgeny Prygazin's deputies who was killed with his boss in a plane crash last week, though the Kremlin said President Vladimir Putin had no plans to attend Prygazin's funeral. The family of Valery Chekolov, the head of Wagner Logistics, was joined by dozens of people, some of whom Reuters identified as Wagner mercenaries, at the Severnoy Cemetery in St. Petersburg, Russia's former imperial capital. A Russian Orthodox priest said prayers and swung a censor before Chekolov's coffin as family, friends and former colleagues, some holding bunches of flowers, bade farewell, Reuters video showed. Some, including women and children in some lesses, came forward to kiss his coffin. Unidentified mourners at the funeral ordered a Reuters videographer and photographer to stop filming. The private emperor legacy, 600 private jet on which Prygazin was traveling to St. Petersburg from Moscow crashed in the Tver region north of Moscow on August 23 with the loss of all 10 people on board, including Chekolov, Dmitry Utkin, another top Wagner leader and four men reported to be Prygazin's bodyguards.


It's the midweek frenzy edition of the Breakfast and Plus TV Africa and it's time for us to take a look at some major headlines on some national dailies this morning and after that we'll be joined by Tunde Kolawole, a legal practitioner, to dissect some of these headlines on Off the Press. We'll begin with the nation's newspaper. The nation newspaper leads with National Assembly Appabio Abbas, rally lawmakers for support. The writer there, House Speaker, Deputy Speaker, candidates, Visit President-Elect, another writer, Senate President candidate Wyden Support Base and Northern, not Central Senators, Protestants, Neglect. All right. Petrol subsidy pushing Nigeria to bankruptcy. Senusi wants to find details of that on page five. Buhari Tnubu congratulates Adelike details of that on page 28 of the nation newspaper. Monetary policy alone can't reset economy, says the CBN, non-oil sector, critical to recovery. Well, details of that is right on the front page, but it continues on the inside of that. That's page six. Well, that's the much I'll be taking from the nation's newspaper. Yeah. But there's also PDP governors begin move to reconcile Attiku with VK, MacIndea and others. It's like taking paracetamol after you're dead. Okay. Well, nature news is next. The nature news begins with or leads with water bill. Minister blames misinformation for non-passage, says 96% already in existence. That's on page three. So that means the provisions of the bill have already been in existence without the passing of the bill. Okay. Green shipping, Mars orders 19 low carbon ships. Okay. We'll penalize shipping companies exporting undocumented cargoes. That's the CBN. You'll find that on page 11. Expect three days of heavy rains in FCT, Kaduna, 10 other states, Nimet warns. And then there's this interesting one logging. Jigawa, Bans tree felling for Firewood, Chakol. Okay. Those are the headlines we intend to take from the nature news. All right. So from the nature news, we go to the Guardian newspaper, which is leading with a made 168% tariff hike in eight years. Nigerians pay premium for unavailable electricity. Details of that you'll find on page four of the Guardian newspaper. Beavers to the rescue, Supreme Court of Femmes, Adelike, ocean governor details of that to be found on page four of that. Outrage over abduction, forceful conversion of 14 year old Esther to Islam in Kaduna. Well, that's a metro page on metro. You find that on page eight of the Guardian newspaper. What concerns over electricity generation as terrorists, national infrastructure, details of that on page six of the nation's newspaper. All right. That's the much I'll be taking from the Guardian. Okay. The punch newspaper is next. The punch begins or leads with presidential poll, tribunal to consider PDP LP's live broadcast request. That'll be nice. The writer is broadcasting proceedings live is of national importance Atticus legal team LP insist. And then justice tsunami promises. Oh, not tsunami. Justice some money promises PD treatment of demand, APC vows appropriate response. We have also speaker five aggrieved aspirants team up against a bus that is on page seven or Taylor fumes over trans cop deal. A little keeps mom that is on page 31 over 200 billion dollar national asset lost to terrorism. That's federal government on page 42. Then 15 die in Sokoto both accident 25 missing. You find that on page eight. Final final victory. Buhari, Tinabu congratulated a delicate supporters jubilee. Lagos federal government orders private jets removal from Abuja airport. Those were the headlines or those are the headlines we're taking from the punch this morning. All right. So we have our guest today. Kola Wale a legal practitioner ready to join us right now to discuss some of these headlines. Hello, Tunde. Good morning to you. How are you today? I'm good. All right. So let's look at the story from ocean state. Final victory. Buhari, Tinabu congratulated a delicate supporters jubilee. Give us your take on this. How do you respond to this victory given to a delicate? Well, I want to say that I'm impressed by the response of the president in life and she was jubilee. And also that of the president of the pump manna and which they converted the ability to do that. Yeah. So from the response that those two people are now the eight like a greater statement, particularly presented. He has all the wear with us in terms of the forces machinery of the state. So really manipulate the elections and aura. But it would appear that they have to reprint or think on that kind of a thing. If some other position is the most important in this country would have the same attitude like he has had. I think we'll begin to have to see a fair election right here. And so got nothing to make it. But I think we should congratulate him. It has been a hard day for the victory. You will remember the first contested the first time and it was a leg that is quietly won that election. And that election in the way it was manipulated. But we as lawyer would not say that in the sense that at least it went to the election petition tribunal. And the election petition tribunal found that it was a former governor. And you also remember there was nothing that could be thrown at anybody that the APC didn't throw at Govno Ademekis to make sure that it doesn't really become a governor. And also to some certificate candidates to Uambé, Cali Cachorro, and all manners of assaulting, harassment, intimidations, and all that. At the end of the day he has won at the tribunal. The take away from me from this is that the Oshu state people have spoken and that the courts have also affirmed what the Oshu state people have said. And they have said that no matter what shortcomings they are delicate enough is the person they want as their governor. If that is the case, I will want to suggest that we might need to amend the Nigerian constitution. We prescribe certain minimum and certificates that some of these proceedings will have before they can contemplate or aspire to occupy any officer in the offices. Certificate doesn't really make a mess. I know so many people never want to scoop, but the right good English to speak good English and word of it. Perhaps we should just say that if anybody contests an election, should be able to read, write, and understand the Nigerian official language, which is the English language. Once you are able to do that and order, they should be led to contest the election. For Govno Ademekis, he asked my sympathy. I have met him about three occasions and orders and I also have people who are very close to me, who have wanted under him. That's my religion. He is very prudent. He is very intelligent. He is also a woman. He is somebody that has very little. The people of Oshu state would not have rejected for Govno Ademekis in any circumstances, in terms of experience, in terms of the constitution, in terms of the faculty and family as an administrator. I suspect that very little has paid for the pride or the sins of his predecessors. Because you will remember, when Govno Raupali Prasala left Oshu, he left a mountain of debt, just like, for example, while he is living. He also left so many, he promised to deliver on a near future. His contract was awarded. The near future has not been consulted enough. And what he simply did was also to import the developmental model of legal state into Oshu state. And he started implementing that in Oshu state, like legal schools, ICC centers and others. Whereas the environment is totally different. Because it's cosmopolitan, there are no more lots of new schools and all that. You also remember, we introduced one single uniform, which all the schools have to start wearing. It was also on the Raupali Prasala, the religious fundamentalism in terms of religious scammership began to rise in Oshu state. Yeah, Mr. Tunde, time will not allow us to dig deeper into this matter. But let's talk about, briefly, just in a sentence or two, some of the things, the judgment by the Supreme Court over this matter. And one of them is that transmission of results via Biva is not the only way to declare a result. How did I strike you when you read it or when you heard it? We are not in there. I do not agree with the Supreme Court with regard to that. Why do I say that? We remember, not the way we discussed about these issues. I suggested that there are three sources of law, the Constitution, the Vector Act, and the INAIC regulations and guidelines. I would want to, I mean, say that Viva was made, Pat and Paso, always included in the INAIC route and guidelines. And I think also in the Electoral Act, which says that the transmission of results via the lethargic medium. So if that is Pat and Paso of our law, the Supreme Court not to say that it is not mandatory that we should transmit the results through Biva so that we use the Biva. If the argument has been that there was a force in our job, which made it impossible for INAIC to use the Biva to kind of upload the lethargy and not to transmit the lethargy results, that would be understandable. For that argument to not work in the sense that at least the National Assembly elections that are conducted, I mean, that were done, I got to learn, I mean, with the presidential elections are one of them. Some of those songs were transmitted through the Biva. So if you deal with Biva for the National Assembly elections, why would we not deal with the presidential elections? I am just saying that with regard to the election. If Biva is Pat and Paso of our law, the court does not say that it is not compulsory that we should transmit the results with a Biva. All over the world today, technology is the same thing. That is the court in which it is. If it was because we were failing manually in the coalition of the results in conducting elections in this country, that was when we began to introduce technology and adopt technologies into some of these things. Why would we not begin to grow up and grow up at the same time? So with that, I do not agree with the Supreme Court. But the future of the Supreme Court is supreme. The only thing you could make is to go, we are bi-getting never. Okay. Well, some conspiracy theories have been that they are setting a precedent to make a leeway for the kind of judgment that we will have in the presidential elections. But there will be no time to answer that. There is this consideration, tribunal to consider PDP LP's live broadcast request. So there's been that request that the proceedings should be broadcast live. Some people have kicked against it. Some people have said it's for national interest, for the transparency that comes with that. What's your response to it? When I want to align myself with the court that the tribunal's proceedings should be broadcast live, when you look at our law, and the law that is published on our court, and some of these tribunals are known as, it says that any time a court is situated, tribunal is speaking, all its doors must be told open for people to come in and out. And why does the law say that? The law wants to see transparency. And whatever is done in a court of law, and in some of these tribunals are known as, if the Nigerian people or the parties that are involved in this election petition are known as like the PDP, the legal party and what have you, are calling for the tribunals to be broadcast live and all that. I don't think there's anything wrong with it. If you further help to ensure that we have transparency, not just in the proceedings, but also whatever wins and decisions that the election president tribunal or the presidency might come up with at the end of the day, it shouldn't even be the legal president's law, there are some other things before the court, and then before some of these tribunals, the tribunal in this will go on live, not so give them, give them people the assurance that no under the table transactions will be done with respect to some of these things. And you know the election president has very sensitive. So whatever is going to compare more legality, more accessibility into the citizens of that tribunal, I am all for it. And I think broadcasting the citizens of that particular tribunal on a daily basis live rules here to instill some transparency and not give the Nigerian people that justice is not just in the people, but actually in fact and so without fear of people. Well, I believe by Thursday we'll be knowing for sure if the court is going to grant that request. Well, we do not have any more time to continue without the press, unfortunately. But Tinde Kolaoli, thank you so much for your time and insight on these topics we've raised with you this morning. Thanks, thanks for having me. You're still watching The Breakfast on Plus TV Africa. We'll continue now with our first hot topic after this break. Stay with us.


In 1869, a patent was taken out for a new substance to replace elephant ivory in the production of billiard balls, and the plastics industry was born. Ironically, what started out as a conservation-minded measure has turned into an environmental problem. Hundreds of thousands of tons of trillions of tiny plastic particles are now floating on the surface of the sea. This is how it works, either from plastic objects like water bottles that get worn down into tinier and tinier pieces, or plastic microbeads flowing down into the sewers from our sinks. Plastic microbeads are often used as a scrubbing agent in personal care and cosmetic products, such as facial cleansers, shower gels, and toothpaste. And up to 94,000 microbeads could go down the drain in a single wash. Then when you trawl the oceans, you can find the same beads you find in the facial scrubs. Plastics are emitted into aquatic habitats every day in the United States. Late end to end, the United States emits enough microbeads to wrap around the planet more than seven times. The reason this may be a problem is that the plastic then accumulates toxic compounds from the water and then shuttles them, along with any chemicals originally in the plastic, into marine organisms, concentrating up the food chain and eventually ending up on our plates. The potential hazardous effects on humans then evidently includes alterations in chromosomes which lead to infertility, obesity, and cancer. Wait, wait, let's take a step back and review the evidence. Plastic gets into the oceans, but does it even get into the fish? Yes, microplastics have been shown to be ingested by fish and other seafood. But are we then actually eating plastic-ingesting fish? Yes, we are eating plastic-ingesting fish. Don't we just poop the plastic out? Small enough microparticles may actually be able to get absorbed through the intestinal wall and into our bloodstream. This uptake of ingested microparticles into small intestinal tissues and onto secondary organs has moved from being an anecdotal phenomenon to a recognized and quantifiable process. But that's in rodents. I mean, just because it's been demonstrated across a variety of lab animals, you don't know if it happens in people until you put it to the test. The closest we have is working with human placentas after a childbirth. And what they found is that plastic microparticles could indeed cross the placental barrier from the maternal bloodstream. So if it could get into a pregnant woman's circulation, it might get into her baby's circulation as well. The reason this is concerning is that plastic debris can be a source of toxic chemicals, both chemical additives in the plastic itself, and then pollutants the plastic sucks up from the water that can then be later released into the body. BPA is one of the chemical additives that can originate from the plastic itself. Given that BPA concentrations have been measured in plastic debris, microplastics may be a major source of BPA in seafood, but no one's really looked into it until now. BPA levels in the edible parts of seafood. Yes, fish and seafood present one of the highest BPA contamination levels, but is that just because they were looking at canned fish products, like tuna and sardines? Manufacturers may use BPA in the lining of food cans directly. Yes, BPA may also leach from the plastic in the oceans, causing a direct contamination of the fish. In fact, some argue that this BPA environmental contamination fish could be worse than the BPA from the cans themselves, but you don't know until you put it to the test. Here are the BPA levels found in canned seafood. You can see the highest levels were found in like tuna, cockles, sardines, and blue crab, but these were all canned, so you don't know how much is from the can versus the seafood itself, until you look at non-canned seafood and sometimes found even higher levels in some fresh mollusks, clams, flounder, and cod. That's not good, since plastics chemicals such as BPA are known endocrine disruptors, meaning known hormone disruptors. And besides that, fat soluble pollutants from the seawater can glom onto the microplastic surfaces and potentially present additional risk, which we'll cover next.