Good afternoon, everyone. I'm John Davino, the president of the board of the East Carolina Homestead, and I welcome you to our February edition of our Enrichment Lecture Series. Today we have author and historian, Willis Farron Randall, who will discuss his book, The Founder's Fortunes, How Money Shaped the Birth of America. Before we begin, I would like to thank our sponsors. Without them, we would not be able to do many of the things that we do at the homestead. Broughtoncars.com, 802 Cars, Vermont Humanities, AARP Vermont, and Homelight Investment. At this time, I would like to introduce our speaker, Willis Thuron Randall. He is a distinguished scholar in history and professor emeritus at Champlain College. Prior to academia, he worked for 17 years as an investigative reporter, during which time he garnered the National Magazine Award, the Hillman Prize, the Loeb Award, and the John Hancock Award. Will completed his graduate studies at Princeton University before moving to Vermont to write and teach history. He has appeared frequently on C-SPAN, the History Channel, as well as being interviewed on National Public Radio. He is the author of numerous books on early American history, many of which I have read, including Six Founding Father Biographies. Hopefully, many of you have read Ethan Allen, His Life in Times, which is available, by the way, through the Ethan Allen Homesteads Museum's gift shop. Today he will share his accounts from his latest book, The Founder's Fortunes, How Money Shaked the Birth of America. Will? Thank you, John. I'm honored to be in this particular spot to keep this series going, which I think is so worthwhile. So it's always a pleasure to talk to the members in the audience of the Ethan Allen Homestead, which I've been doing I guess now for about 15 years off and on. I want to explain why I wrote a book on The Founding Father's Fortunes. I want to start with the decoration of independence and the final lines of it, in which they pledged our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. Our lives is not a question if the leaders of the revolution had failed, they would have been taken to England, tried for treason, and subject to the ritual execution of the British hanging, drawing and quartering, and they were aware of this because several of the members of the Continental Congress who were there, signing the document had been to London, and to pass through the city's gates. You would see high up on posts, the skulls of three Scottish earls, who had led a revolt, only 30 years before. So, they were aware of the possible penalty to their lives. But what were the fortunes. They pledged their fortunes. And that's really the subject of this book. What were their fortunes, what did they expect. How did it work out for them. How did it affect the Revolutionary War, and the first generation of the United States. So I want to talk about the impact in very personal terms, and their fortunes so I chose a half a dozen of the well known figures, starting with Benjamin Franklin but also talking about George Washington, Thomas Jefferson. Sam Adams, John Hancock, and Robert Morris. We may know those names, most of them. Benjamin Franklin is probably the best known American worldwide. When the hit Hamilton Broadway play was written, the playwright had a song about Benjamin Franklin, but he took it out, because he said, anything with Benjamin Franklin and that he'll take over. So, so Hamilton the song that the play doesn't have anything about Benjamin Franklin so I think I'll try to fill some of that gap. Franklin, new chapter of the book shows him arriving in Philadelphia, a 17 year old boy. This is part of that. This is part of the story that we all know, because Franklin wrote an autobiography that school kids and children have read or had to read for a couple of centuries. He wrote he wrote about himself at first and his struggles as early life, but he arrived with about enough money to buy two loaves of bread.  He saw people well dressed people heading toward a church and he went in and went to sleep on a pew. That's how he started his career in Philadelphia. And I really trace how he used his his great skills a printer, it learned printing from his brother's press in Boston. And he could get a job in Philadelphia which was the largest town in the colonies. At the time, the largest town in the British colonies was not much bigger than one peel year, about 10,000 people. But he signed on with the printer he learned the business so well that within a few years he was able to start his own newspaper. And from that base of printing, he was able to become a publisher. Publishing sermons and hymns of clergymen that came through most especially George Whitfield. So he became a success he began introducing novels that had been written in England. He made partnerships with other printers and other towns. He printed the books and he sent them unbound to the other printers who bound them. He even got himself appointed postmaster of Philadelphia and that of postmaster of the British colonies, which saved him the postage. So he could distribute his books free of charge, and he built up a fortune by reinvesting what he made from printing and publishing in real estate. By the time of the Revolutionary War he owned 89 rental properties in Philadelphia alone.  So he first springs into prominence by organizing a militia and building forts during King George's war. He did that again when the Revolutionary War came but he was he was a genius at organizing, but he also had the business side. So he was printing the manual of arms. He was selling the weapons. He was selling instructions to soldiers even as he raised an army. He built two forts with his volunteers, one that was close enough to protect his house and his properties. So he started as the most excess politician in Pennsylvania, and also one of America's wealthiest men by the time he was 45 years old, because he was so well known. The Pennsylvania Quakers, control the assembly of the colony, sent him to England where he acted as what we would call a lobbyist and ambassador combined. Pennsylvania and then for four other counties. So he became the best well, the best known American abroad, which, which brings us to George Washington, George Washington met Franklin. When both of them wound up heading West and from Philadelphia with the British Army of General James Braddock, which would be absolutely destroyed Washington was the only officer. He was along as a volunteer militia officer. He was the only officer not to be killed or wounded. But he met Franklin, when Franklin was trying to raise supplies wagons horses for Braddock's army, and the Pennsylvania farmers did not want to give credit to the, to the King of England because they thought they'd never be repaid be repaid. So Ben Franklin's brilliant idea basically was to say that there were hussars British hussars cavalry, which would come to the farms, take the horses and the wagons, etc. He was the logistical man, and Washington turned out to be the bookkeeper on the expedition, secretary to Braddock, the man who paid the soldiers paid the contractors. He was charming young affable and Braddock, an old armchair general with no battlefield experience actually took the advice of George Washington, and split his forces, and when he went to attack the French, and what is now Pittsburgh, which was a disaster because the forces split. The second column cannot reinforce first. So George Washington's military career would not be that thing that successful until the Revolutionary War. But they got to know each other, and that would be a lifelong important friendship. Washington himself had been born, not poor. But his mother was widowed three times.  She was extremely strict, and he got on the wrong side of her seriously by borrowing her best horse and writing it and injuring it until it had to be put down. So they never really got along very well after that. He didn't get to go to school regularly but he found in the shed the surveying tools that his father had left, and he taught himself surveying, and it turns out George Washington was a math whiz. I had a professor at St. Michael's College evaluate his math skills and say that he had at least as much math skill as any math major in a college today, which would help him with artillery. And that was one thing, logistics. He was extremely popular. Even in one defeat after another, and became the leading American officer on the side of the British who's actually briefly a British general before the Revolution began. But after five years of frontier warfare against the French. It was time to settle down, fix up the, the house he'd been left by his half brother, we call it Mount Vernon. It wasn't much of a house that when it when Washington took over, and he decided it was time to marry. I heard that there was a wealthy widow Martha Washington, and he stopped by on a road to Williamsburg and stopped by to offer his condolences well he offered them very very well. And so the serving went out to tell his, his enslaved companion to go home take the horses, and George Washington spent the night. The next day they were engaged. And I depict, and not only the wedding. The good things about the wedding. But also the problems that were already beginning because George Washington had to order everything, as any American did. He was manufactured from England, and his suit for the wedding arrived six months late, for example, whenever he ordered clothing for Martha, it never fit. Americans were sort of in bondage to the merchants and the bankers of England. They, and the British kept tightening the laws against the Americans. So they had fewer and fewer privileges. There were no banks. There was no American currency. Washington had to buy hose and rakes and shovels from England for his field workers. He had to buy clothing from England, because nobody was making it in America. And as time went on he became extremely aggravated with the British system.  And it just so happened that he sent one note, and three people who owed him money, sent notes at the same time. There's were no good. There's bounced and so did his. So when George Washington managed in effect to bounce a check for the first time he was in debt. And I think that such a shock that he decided to study the financial system of the time. And first thing he did was to see how much he was paying to the British to ship his crops warehouse them process them pay taxes pay duties, and he found out that the British were getting 75% of his profits. So he changed his business model from growing tobacco which was labor intensive to growing wheat, which didn't go to England, but went to surrounding farms and towns, and eventually he began building his own ships to ship wheat. As far as way far away as Italy in the Caribbean. So he was a very successful business man by the time the revolution came. He was the best known founding father after Franklin, and Washington was Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson, again, was not from a wealthy family, not none of the founding fathers. And Jefferson, like Washington, I lost his father when it's only 11 years old. Jefferson was sent off to a private school by that I mean there was a minister who was a pretty good teacher who had a sort of a wing on his house where he took in boarding students, and he was their teacher. So Jeffers was an avid student he loved to study. He almost loved to overstudy. He spent seven years studying law before he set out to make a nickel as a lawyer, as opposed to Patrick Henry, who spent two weeks with two books he borrowed from Jefferson and never even opened. Patrick Henry was a born arbiter, Thomas Jefferson was not, but he was a careful scholar. Jefferson fell in love with a beautiful young woman in Williamsburg, where he went to join the House of Burgesses, Virginia government, and he found they had something very much in common love of music. When he tried to play the violin he managed to get something like a Strativarius violin for about $500 our money, when the owner went home to England in disgust with the Americans. So he tried to play music and so he tried to order a specially made piano forte for her from England. But by doing so he was violating the treaty that the planters and merchants for making not the treating but agreement to stop importing British goods until they stopped raising taxes and regulations. He married the daughter of a slave trader who left a fortune, but also a fortunate debt. And for a wedding present. They wound up with wagon loads of slaves just arrived from Africa. And so Jefferson would have to start building and feeding housing for them, even as he slowly built Monticello which is probably the slowest construction project since the medieval cathedrals. It took him 54 years to finish the house, because he was always playing broke. He was going broke because farmers live from harvest to harvest if there was a drought there was no income, he went deeper into debt to the English. But but Jefferson could write, and that's what he really wanted to do. He gave up his law practice, because no one was paying him. He never went into a courthouse again, after 1775, but he went up into his house on the mountain Monticello, and began writing the first long explanation of the American complaints against the British. It got read by other Virginia lawmakers, and he was sent to Philadelphia to take part in the second Continental Congress. By the time he arrived he was already famous for what he had written. So he's the one that was chosen on the committee with Adams and Franklin, and a few others to draft the Declaration of Independence, which he did without consulting any books, mostly from his own mind and learning. And a few local newspapers, but in three weeks he crafted the Declaration of Independence, and then Congress set to work amending it, cutting out something like 85 words phrases etc, including the clause that would have abolished slavery. So the anti slavery language and the Declaration of Independence hit the cutting room floor. And Jefferson in disgust as soon as he could when packed Virginia to become a leader of his, what he considered his country, there was no United States. So he was very much the leading Virginian for much of the rest of his life until until he was sent to Paris. He was sent to Paris soon after the duck. He was sent to Paris soon after Benjamin Franklin was sent there to come up with a treaty from the King of France to support secretly support the American Revolution, and lend money and weapons. So, I devote a fair amount of this book to how America got weapons to carry on the Revolution, eight year long war, and how eventually the French sent even cannon, all the way from France in convoys, unloaded into small boats that brought them to all along the coast and cannon from France that Franklin had arranged to get showed up at Saratoga for the famous battle there, and the British were vanquished by arms from France, and men from America. I devote a fair amount of time to that relationship, and how our diplomatic clandestine diplomatic missions worked in in in Europe, and how we got. We didn't have any money we didn't have any bank we didn't have any currency. How are we supposed to pay for these loans to buy the weapons can and etc. Well, the man who came up with that idea is called as Robert Mars. He comes known as the financier of the Revolution born in England, his father was a tobacco trader who brought tobacco from the Chesapeake region to England. But Robert Morris when he was 15 became a clerk in a Philadelphia counting house they were called very young he became a full partner, and he was an expert in setting up what we would call international trade. He had wonderful connections for trade. And so when the Revolution came along. He decided to use those contacts to set up, not only agreements with the French, where we would pay for weapons and loans with our future tobacco crops. The interesting side lights to this to me was, why did the French decide to throw in with the Americans the French had a monarchy why would one monarchy want to go up against another monarchy the whole idea of Revolution was not in anybody's mind Well, there are some obvious reasons I guess the British had defeated the French, the French would want revenge. The French would want Canada back that it surrendered to the British after the French and Indian War, but the little fact that I stumbled on that explains a lot was that the French were hooked addicted on something called snuff. A very good quality tobacco that would be ground to pop powder, and they would put it on the side of their hand, or hold a pinch with an index finger and thumb, put it to their nostrils, inhale it and then sneeze. Well, snuff was the rage in Europe. The problem for the French is they didn't have any colonies that grew tobacco. So they had to pay the British the enemy for the snuff. When I say it was the rage it was the rage all through the court of the king. And if the king liked you he would give you a snuff box, and we'll come back to that a little later. But people walked around snorting and sniffing and sharing flavored snuff with each other. And didn't seem to be able to live without it. Robert Morris figured out that he could use orders of tobacco for the from the future, we would call them futures today to get credit to buy weapons and secure the help of the French. So Morris, who had built up a fortune in international trade donated his best ship to George Washington began to build ships, and took over the first Navy committee of the Continental Congress. So the man who launched the American Navy was a tobacco merchant born in England named Robert Morris. He put his, his money into building ships called privateers and privateers were our, our private Navy we didn't continental Navy was not very, very much maybe 20 ships, but there were hundreds of privately built and crude and owned ships that attacked British ships and attacked British commerce and brought the ships intact in deport to be auctioned off and the profits were shared all the way down from George Washington who got a 10% cut of the loot from these to pay for his troops and his army, all the to the lowest cabin boy, or powder boy on each of those ships. So a young boy could sign on one of these ships and wind up owning it and eventually own several of them. So, Robert Morris became the first American billionaire by dealing in ships and in private area. He was the man who became financier of the revolution because the problem that the Continental Congress never overcame was money, because there was no currency. There were no American coins. In fact, Americans had to walk around with a purse with nine different coins for nine different countries. Because they didn't have one of their own his Spanish dollars Portuguese coins Dutch coin guilders pound sterling French francs etc, a very awkward system. So what what Morris came up with was a system, which we call banking, he invented the first bank of North America. He took as this youthful advisor, a young officer with Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and between them, first they committed formed our first commercial bank. And then the Bank of the United States, when the constant, the Constitution was written 10 years after the revolution, but the big problem Americans had personally, and as a government was how to pay for things. How to come up with a coinage in my book I have a section of illustrations, including a continental dollar, which really wasn't worth the paper the parchment it was printed on. They were devalued so much. Alexander Hamilton as a colonel on Washington staff was making 60 continental dollars a year. And now that's that's really was worth about $5. And instead of taking the salary and buying a horse, which he needed. He bought a dancing ticket to come to one of the dances Martha Washington and the officers why put on when they weren't out fighting. And then he borrowed a horse. So he was also a genius. And finance was the problem money was the problem and when the revolution was over with the help of France, after the great victories at Saratoga and Yorktown, with the help of the French weapons and French gold to pay for the supplies for the Americans. When that was all over. He collapsed because there was there was no real money in the colonies. And that left the problem of what do you do with thousands of armed men in the continental army. They were already muting against Congress because they weren't being paid. And Robert Morris came up with the idea of using his own personal fortune. And he sat one weekend with an order of large order of special paper, cutting up 6000 pieces of paper into notes. Robert versus personal notes paid off Washington's army. So the men could go home with little money, their dignity and without lining up and shooting the members of Congress. So it's Robert Morris really, who bankroll not only the revolutionary government, but personally paid off George Washington's troops. So, Robert Morris is a fascinating character in part because after the revolution was over. The British didn't honor the peace treaty. They wouldn't leave the Great Lakes. They wouldn't forgive any of the debts, and they actually cut off the United States trade with our neighbors, Canada, the islands in the Caribbean, with the French and Portuguese and Europe. So we really blockaded in peacetime. And Robert Morris couldn't ship tobacco or make any money from trade. So he made a terrible mistake of switching to speculating and land. And if the French were crazy about tobacco, Americans were crazy about land. There were 24 different land companies competing with each other to get millions of acres of the frontier over the mountains, where we are right now, which was considered out of bounds by the British government. It was to be settlers were not allowed to go west of the ridge of the Appalachians, but they all expected eventually to become land rich and Robert Morris was one of those who tried to switch to land speculation, but nobody had any money. The founding fathers were all by this time land rich and cash poor. They couldn't sell land. Nobody had the money for rent. It got so bad that George Washington who owns something like 100,000 acres along the Potomac and all the way to through Ohio to could not collect rent from former soldiers, his own veterans, they couldn't pay him. And when a few of them wouldn't pay him, he actually took them to court and evicted them, which is one of the sad notes of his career, but land rich and cash poor. So Robert Morris actually was one of three signers of the Declaration of Independence, who would go bankrupt. And if you were bankrupt at that time, what it meant is, you went to prison, debtors prison. Robert Morris, financier of the revolution signer the Declaration of Independence was escorted by the sheriff of Philadelphia to the prune street jail, where he spent three years in debtors prison. So that was one of the shocks that I found two other signers also who had speculated land lost everything wound up bankrupt and also wound up in debtors prison. So what really prompted me to write this book was reading a long time ago a theory by someone named Charles beard Columbia University professor, writing in 1913, asserting that the founding fathers were in it for the money. He, he was writing at a time when socialism was beginning to sweep the country in opposition to the robber barons, when there was terrific inequality of wealth, terrible labor conditions etc. So it was on the edge of a revolutionary period again in 1913, one beard with his famous hypothesis said the founding fathers were in it for the money. So he, he tried to topple the founders from their pedestals and while they were down on the ground, he went through their pockets, and he found. And from that conclusion, he drew the conclusion that they were in it for the money. And what I've done is study who it was who attended the Constitutional Convention, who wrote the rules who wrote the new government, wrote the Constitution, and it led to our whole economic system. And what I found is a 55 delegates five had more stocks and bonds than the other 50 combined. Most of them had very little money, and very little invested in financial instruments bonds that could profit from a new system with a new bank and a new currency. So for example, there's a gentleman named Gilman from New Hampshire member of Congress, he'd owned a general store until he got a job in Congress. I found the chief justice of New Jersey, his entire stock portfolio was bringing him $10 a year when Hamilton created the new bank of the United States and replaced all the old war bonds with new United States bonds. And his profits went up to $12 and 45 cents a year instead of $10. So you have to be very careful with grand theories in the light today of the thousands of documents we have. When beard wrote the only had records of some of the states. I've had the benefit of a lifetime of going through archives and doing the research for biographies and what I've learned. So as an investigator reporter and as an historian, you can find just about anything on the on the public record. And that is if the public record is kept intact. As to Beards theory. Well, he created the Progressive School of History, and for generations that impelled graduate students historians to look at the dark side of American politics, and of the founding fathers. And I think you have to examine the evidence before you cast either darkness or light. And that's what I've set out to do with this book. I think the best known of the founding fathers today may have surpassed even George Washington invention Franklin, and that's Alexander Hamilton. Because of a hit Broadway play that is still running, even be after COVID it's stages up again, the audiences are packing in and Alexander Hamilton, and his story are probably the best known founding father story today. Even if you have seen the play and you know the story, you might be surprised at what happened after the end of it. And that is, after Hamilton was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr. He had so little money. The man who had founded the Bank of the United States, her entire economic system, who set it up was so honest that he was broke. So broke when he died that his colleagues, his friends had to take up a collection to pay for his funeral. So, if, if you need an example of how honest these men were as they pursued prosperity for their country, I think there's really none better than Alexander Hamilton. Our system I think has thrived because of the enters the enterprise of private citizens who put it aside in the public interest. And that's the story of the founders and their fortunes, and how their money has shaped the policies, the institution, the declaration of independence, the two most important of our documents, how they got the country off to a good start, even at the, at the cost of of their own fortunes. They were fortunate because they had created the United States, but they were, they were unfortunate if they were only setting out to make money. The founders fortunes, how money shaped the birth of America is, is my 12th book and I'm going to keep digging and finding out all I can about that generation. Thanks very much. Well, thank you, Will. Again, you shared several anecdotes in your book and in your talk today from your book. And I have just finished reading the book myself about two days ago. And as in many of your other books, you have a knack of bringing out anecdotes that even though we have all read a lot about the American Revolution, you seem to be able to find human interest stories there that really make the story much more meaningful. So I appreciate what you do there. And thank you for sharing your time with us today. I want to remind her to everyone. If you are watching this talk on Sunday, February 20, immediately after this program ends, you would be able to go to the link which many of you have received the zoom link and join will in a question and answer period. If you haven't had that zoom link, you can send me an email at the address that I have a fully hopefully up on the screen definitely 13 at Comcast.net, and I will send you that link. If all else fails, give me a call at my home number which is<PHONE_NUMBER> operators will be standing by to help you to get into the question and answer period. Well, thank you very much for joining us today with this great talk. Thank you very much john.


الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثناء الجميل وشدوء لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق وهو يهد السبيل وشدوء سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد بيتنش إن شاء الله تعالى أخر سنة نحن نتحدث عن مخارج الحروف نحن نتحدث عن مخارج الحروف وما فعلنا أن تجويد تجويد يفهم على أشياء تجويد يفهم على ماذا أشياء وبعد هذه مقدمة صفاتنا مخارج الحروف وصفات الحروف وبعد هذه مقدمة فيما على قارئه أن يعلم إدواج من عليهم ومحتم قبل الشروع أولا أن يعلم مخارج الحروف وصفاتي ليلفض بأفصح اللغاتي يجويد يفهم على مخارج الحروف وصفات الحروف ما نقول was the مخارج الحروف there are مخارج which are عامة and مخارج which are فرعية the مخارج which are عامة are 5 and I've written it on the board for you الجوف الحلق اللسان الشفتان الخيشوم those are the مخارج عامة and then there are 17 there are مخارج فرعية we have previously taken الجوف and we took the حلق and we took the لسان الشفتان and the خيشوم we didn't do great details I mentioned the خيشوم is only one and it's غنة but the main ones and the great details when we go into the metin itself we will go more details more examples I will make you read I will listen to you read but now I want to focus on the theory side more okay today we're going to take what and when we do اللسان we will be finishing off what مخارج الحروف we finish مخارج الحروف the next lesson we're going to start صفات الحروف which are two types صفات which are صفات which are عارضة we will take that and the صفات are what that has opposites and those which don't have opposites we will take that today let's focus on this اللسان how many did we say come out from اللسان 10 10 is اللسان this is how the 10 come 2 plus 1 plus 2 is how much 5 and then add 5 صح so 5 plus 5 is what those 10 are what اللسان but where within the اللسان the اللسان is divided into 4 the tongue is 4 places in the tongue are you all with me so all of these 10 are here but where's 5 which one the top one which one up to here where is it show me stand up show us stand up show us which one also it's meant to be 5 of them what's the fifth one help us if you know 4 if you know 5 places in the tongue help us we need help ok we have 4 so far until insha'Allah تعالى you come with your revelation insha'Allah ok 4 what is the 4 now for now we'll say 4 insha'Allah ok the first place is أقص اللسان and the second one is وصط اللسان and the third one is حافة اللسان and the fourth one is طارف اللسان we're gonna focus on each one and we're gonna mention the 2 that come out what are they and then the 1 and then the 2 and then the and the 5 that come out I will explain insha'Allah تعالى so let's start with the first one موضع الأول موضع الأول means the first place what does the word موضع mean place so the first place in the tongue is where أقص اللسان what is أقص اللسان actually mean أقص اللسان the below is part of the tongue okay the tongue the tongue there are 2 حرف that come out when we read the half you realize حرف القافة and قاف how do you say قاف when you say قاف قاف where does it come out from the ending of the tongue right that's the tongue where does it come out from the ending of the tongue right so how many how many حرف قم out from it 2 what are they so it's قاف and what and قاف so it's what أقص and أق both of those that's why we will say in the ayah أقص بلو now as we say تقربونا تقربونا الحق الحقني all of those are what أقص اللسان the second one is the what the second letter is what قاف where does the calf come out from it also comes out from what it also comes out from أقص اللسان for example you say أكريمي متواه حق من بيمك ريهنة كتاب all of those now we are going to move into the وصط اللسان وصط اللسان means what in the middle of the tongue in the what in the middle of the tongue how many حرف قم out from this one the مخرج is what is one مخرج right so it's what only one مخرج we'll see that when we finish okay so it's two how many مخرج one مخرج and how many letters come out from it how many see pay attention do you know the difference between a مخرج and a حرف a مخرج is where it comes out from and the letters are what it said okay the حرف that come out are how many three حرف okay there are three this is the مخرج the stitch between the مخرج and the حرف okay some huruf they have the same مخرج they come out from and some huruf they have different مخرج they come out from does that make sense so the calf and the calf do they come out from the same place on the tongue there's a little difference so it's two مخرج within the the calf and the calf they both come out different the مخرج of the calf and the مخرج of the calf are they both the same it's different are you with me so there's two مخرج here does that make sense but there's two حرف so the calf and the calf are the حرف and the calf has a has a مخرج does that make sense now we're going to go into وصط الليسان وصط الليسان means these all have the same مخرج they all have the same مخرج it's in the middle and there are three letters جيم شيم and ياء all of them come from they all come from the what they all come from the same مخرج which is the وصط الليسان وصط is anywhere in the middle within the middle anywhere does that make sense so the جيم شيم and ياء those three اج and اش so it's جيم شيم and ياء yeah yeah where's your gap today where's your gap are you wearing your gap حمدان حمدان is it your gap show us الله أكفر that's good it's gapped okay so does everybody understand did you remember the fifth one are you still thinking okay we'll give you more time inshallah so what do I write I explained it I just said is the middle of the tongue okay in the middle of the tongue three letters come out from it yeah but I'm saying it's in the middle there's only one مخرج okay they all come out from the same مخرج they don't come from different places are you with me so the numbers here are not the حرف the numbers here are what the مخرج are we all together forget the حروف what are they what are they جيم جيم شين and what yeah now we're gonna go to حفة للسان حفة للسان is what it's the size of the tongue yeah the size of your tongue yes it's the حفة للسان the size of the tongue yeah let's take your tongues out not at me you can't benefit from the opportunity okay it's the size of the tongue okay that's حفة للسان so when this is how should we draw a tongue okay let's say this is a tongue okay this is حفة للسان okay yeah that's it beautiful spot on does everyone understand حفة للسان حفة للسان is the back middle okay what did we say حفة للسان sorry حفة للسان means what the right side order that's where the two مخرج the two مخرج is what the amen order Acer where is the two مخرج one is the right and the one is okay but how many حروف come out from the حفة للسان they are they are two so there's two مخرج and two two حروف what are they أبادو so you say أب and the second one is لام باد so the second one is باد first is باد and then لام باد على what خلقوا أكبر والباد من حافته إذولية لضراسة من أي سر أو يم لا so we have what what do we have we have باد and we have a what أرض الله أكبر you see أرض و لض و لض و باد يلعبوا كي أالفرعون نعم what do you want from Allah علم ولا مؤدناها لمتهاها okay we're gonna now go into the last one which is بارى فلسان بارى فلسان is a tip of the tongue that was not a good idea that was not a good idea yeah now we're gonna look at okay now we're gonna look at how many how many do we set in there five مخارج and how many حروف five as well are you sure it's five are you sure it's five who thinks it's not five or more do you believe that the مخارج the مخارج here are five we already said it right the مخارج are what but the حروف here are what how many are they so five and what five and the حروف are how much okay نون جميل so we're gonna have eleven here's gonna be what we're gonna go through it one by one the first one is نون نون نون نون نون نون نون نون نون نون نون نون نون نون نون لا يمكنك فعل ذلك ، لا يمكنك فعل ذلك ، حسنًا ، أنا يعني مثل رسطتشن ويس الثالث هو ماذا؟ راة ، نقول ، والأخر هو طاق ، طاق الثالث هو ماذا؟ الثالث هو طاق ، نقول الثالث هو دال وطاق ، right؟ دال وطاق هل يساعدني؟ هل يوجد دال هنا؟ هل يوجد دال هنا؟ سواد ، باد ، دال ، and ساعد سواد ، دال ، and ساعد نذهب إلى كل one of them in detail إن شاء الله ساعد كيف تفعل ذلك؟ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 سين and ساعد سين وقت قناء وقت ساعد 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ساعد ساعد هل يمكنني أن أفعل ذلك؟ أولا ، أفهم كل من يفهم أفهم كل من يفهم سأعطي أخطاب كم الكثير من قرار؟ 11 11 مخارج ، حسنا دعنا نذهب إلى كل one نون سيلاس نجمي أين نون يأتي؟ بارف الليسان ويذهب إلى مقارب خلال مقارب يأتي أكثر من مقارب لام ونون ، ماذا is the difference? لام ونون ، عندما يأتي ، يأتي كذلك صح؟ نعم سمع أعتقد أننا ننتج إلى صح هل تفعل ذلك قبل؟ سأعطي أخطاب هل تفعل ذلك قبل؟ نعم سأعطي أخطاب ونون هل تفعل ذلك قبل؟ أخطاب دعنا نعود ، أخطاب من فتح الأبد كل من يفهم أه, الشخص الجيد هو إذا أفعل ذلك سوف يفعلهم كثيرا نعم حسنا ، سأفعل ذلك حسنا ، كل من يفهم هل يمكنني أن أذهب من فتح الأبد دعنا نبدأ من نظر لنبدأ مع ماذا؟ الجوف. ما قلتنا أنه جوف؟ كم many حروف؟ حروف المد. كم many حروف؟ كم many حروف؟ so the مخرج is what? مخرج is what? مخرج of جوف is what? one. one. good. the مخرج was med. the حروف was what? yes. why? but what's the difference? what's the condition? for the wow? الساكينة المبمومة ما قبلها right? so the wow? there has to be a سكون on the wow and a gomma before it الساكينة المقصور ما قبلها the yeah has to have a sqoon on it but it can never happen it's impossible you'll never see it every aleph has a sqoon on it every aleph has a what? yeah? like for example the other ones you might see a wow that doesn't have a sqoon on it يدعو يدعو صح؟ you can see that it might happen the wow has a it has a it has a like you'll never see an aleph that doesn't have a sqoon on it it's always going to happen anyways do you get it? you just want me to stand up yeah? okay what would you say? يعلمونة يعلمونة what did you say condition for the wow is سكون on top of it بامة before it okay نستعينه نستعينه لا what did you have to have on it? a sqoon on it انا كثرة but what did you say we said a before the aleph and a sqoon and a sqoon on it but what did I say? but you will never find an aleph that doesn't have a sqoon that's what I said these are dope these are these are which are law and order order okay listen everybody we finished it okay we're going to now go to right how many did we say? 3 how many how many did we say? 6 3 نعم 3 لكن همني حروف الهمزة الهاء العين الغين ثم لأقصى الحلق همز هاء ثم لوسطه فعين هاء أدناء غين خاء او مخاءها هماني هماني أدناء الحلق هماني هماني همزة وصط الحلق العين هاء غين غين هماني الغين a فعلا أفعل لأفقاد الآن سنت husbands now that we did let's go to we have the let's go to a lesson because we've already done it right right let's do it in order happy mother other lesson so there's there's what about what are the other أقصى الليسان وصط الليسان حافة الليسان طرف الليسان صحيح أقصى الليسان تهامج ورادي القافو والكافو تقرابونا وصط الليسان تهامري والمخرج حامري حروف ثلاثة حروف ورادي الشين يا okay والوسط فجيم الشين يا ها يحافة الليسان ورادي أباده اللامو ها يطرف الليسان is how much صيف ورادي والنون من طرفي تحتج علي وراء يدانيه لظهر انخلو وطاو والدال والتاء منه ومن علي السناية والصفير مستكن okay ها يهامج is after الشفتان هامري دميسان شفتان ورادي بين الشفتين جميل ها يبطن الشفت السفل ها يهامج حروف فبين الشفتين is what ثري الواو والباب والميم الله أكبر love the city energy it's good I don't mind صفتان شفتان من شفتان ها it means tulips شفتان means tulips okay جميل and the last one is okay شوم الخيشوم هامري مخارج come out only thing that comes out وغنة المخرج ها الخيشومه the reason is because we're going to go to it are you with me we're going to come to it in good details yeah are you very interested no we're not going to start we have to see first first okay you can all come to me around the table I'm going to show you something come around okay sit down everybody sit down sit down we're now going to go into sit down I'm getting angry now okay all of this that we've done here right now and I've shown you the picture all of this was what مخارج الحروف have we all studied مخارج الحروف do you all understand مخارج الحروف now is it crystal clear كشمسو في رابع أتي النهار like daytime right now we're going to go into سفات الحروف okay we won't finish it today we're going to do we're going to start something and we're going to carry on next week okay everybody write this sorry he doesn't like it he said okay سفات الحروف okay everybody pay attention okay what's a سفات سفات الحروف we're now going to go into سفات الحروف we're going to go into the سفات الحروف سفات الحروف when these letters come out when these if anyone talks now stop talking pay attention do you want me to get angry even I don't want to get angry and if I do get angry trust me I said this before it's not the best thing you want to see okay the incredible Hulk yeah سفات الحروف سفات الحروف are when these letters come out they have a characteristics that come with it what does it have and an attribute so the word سفات okay سفات السفات is جمع what's the singular بلول بلول right أبل أبول أبل is what and أبل are what two or more right okay سفات is what is جمع is بلول one is what سفات سفات سفة Okay سفة is the singular كامل طول إذا سفة شوط إذا سفة شبي إذا سفة سكيلي إذا إذا سفة كل من هؤلاء هؤلاء هؤلاء سفة جيد حسنًا هماني مخارجين بيسير already؟ نعم مخارج الحروف هماني ودي دفرعية سبعة عشر مخارج الحروفي سبعة عشر لما خارج الحروفي is what? those 17 are divided into two صفات the 17 that we took أن الصفات is سبعة عشر أما أن الصفات is سبعة عشر سبعة عشر write this down you want to sing huh ورياء ورياء okay أن الصفات السبعة عشر تنقسموا إلى قسمين the 17 that we took they are divided into what they are divided into two the first one is what صفات I chose to write it like that you can say how many صفات لازمة and صفات عرضة okay I will stop there I will stop there سبحانك اللهم بحمدك أشهد لا إله إلا الله أستغفرك واتوب إلي


Hey Virgo. Welcome back to my channel. This is Kelly from House of Virgo. I Hope you are all doing well. Hello everyone in the chat. So We're gonna take a look at your weekend messages Virgo I love Virgo Sun, Moon, Rising, or Venus. If you're new, smash that like and subscribe button That will help the algorithm get my videos out to more people so they can get these messages Yeah, so you guys we're gonna take a look at the weekend Um September 29th the 30th Well, not really September 29th because that's by the time you guys said that day's already gonna be gone So we're gonna start with the 30th September 30th October 1st and 2nd. Okay, see what the energies are playing out for this weekend general Love if it shows up. We're gonna take a look at everything day by day. Okay, so yeah Let's get started and just be mindful the messages are like I said general So take a fifth leave the rest and personal reading links and all that are below. All right So we're gonna take this these jumpers here as overall energy for the weekend. Okay So seven of cups the wheel of fortune The ace of cups I'm sorry the ace of wands. Excuse me and the tower. Okay So basically I feel like over the weekend. There's definitely a change happening Let's see Yeah, I feel like some of you might be having very vivid dreams over the weekend like some stuff showing up That you're kind of like it's going to have a large huge effect on you or something That you're intentionally making wishes or dreaming or hoping for is We'll start turning in your favor over this weekend. Whatever that might be in whatever area of your life. Okay Over the weekend. Now, there's this inspiration to rebuild after something that has been Destroyed or there's been an upheaval. So the overall message I feel if we put this all together is that I feel like Whatever ended whatever tower moment came whether in the physical world in your emotional world In your material world, which can be kind of physical your spiritual all of that Whatever ended there's like a New beginning happening here Some ideas or things that you think about or dreams or wishes Fantasies you've been having whatever it might be. I feel like either there's going to be For some there could be some finances or money or cash to be able to realize these dreams and For others, this is just like a turn in your favor There's something that you've been wanting or things that you've been hoping for after things have fallen about falling apart There's like new inspiration to rebuild here. There's there's a New start happening here. Okay, and that's what the ace of wands is, you know There's kind of like a spark Initiation to have a brand new beginning and a brand new start. So I love this overall message For you over the weekend.  Okay, so this opportunity things are going to be in your favor and Change coming to help you along kind of like the wind blowing you pushing you giving Supporting your sales giving wind to your sales over the weekend. Okay, let me take a look here and see We're gonna take a look at September 30th show us the energy spirit for September 30th for all of my burgos What does Virgo need to know for Friday? September 30th Okay All right So you're starting with the four of swords four of needles. I should say there's healing Rest rejuvenation happening over this weekend here. So an opportunity to Retreat renew There's healing after an argument or a breakup. So if there's some type of an argument There's like a repair to this argument. Okay, if there was a disagreement or something along those lines I see over the weekend that there's going to be Some healing in regard to that. Okay It's peace. I feel like it's peace Let me see what else going on for you on Friday. So you may have some type of You may come To a place over the weekend after some kind of breakup or there's like a reprieve is what I feel and I feel like you're You're going to either have a conversation with someone and talk things out and come to like an agreement Where like peace there's diplomacy coming back into union with another person this four of Swords is for me always the 1111. So this is divinely blessed divine divinely guided And see some of you might just be going on a weekend getaway or You know even hitting the spa Whatever it might be taking that time out to Rejuvenate yourself Okay, and you have the fool here. So yeah for some that's about travel for others There may be like a Confession about some kind of argument or something that something that might have happened where someone says either you or another person That says, you know, I was a fool king of candles here. So could be a fire sign male or female energy areas Leo Sagittarius Okay, and the devil Capricorn energy Aquarius we have here. Okay, so there's there's definitely going to be some of you It's like a reprieve from an addiction or something obsessive or something That's just not good for you. Some of you. Maybe you're quitting some bad habits Taking on the king of one's energy where you're being bold and and confident and sure of yourself I feel like some type of getaway or rejuvenation or healing or meditative Practice or even just extra sleep over the weekend is going to do you a world of good and as far as Possibly dealing with another person if you have a connection with Like I said, someone of a fire sign or come coming in with a fire sign energy I do feel there's going to be some kind of an apology or Kiss and make up or someone traveling in your direction to see you a new beginning a new adventure Okay, I do feel like on the love front This is someone who is not willing to let you go and wants to try to bring peace and restructure Or structure back to a relationship. Okay So Interesting. All right, let's take a look and see for Saturday. What is the energy for Saturday October 1st? Cannot believe we are in October and for those of you who I know you sometimes Leave comments. You want to know what this deck is? This is the nightmare before Christmas tarot deck Okay, so I did not create this deck. This is a gift. You can find it online I guess on Amazon or you know, wherever pretty heavy box and it comes with a guidebook Which I don't use so there's that. Okay, so let's get into like I said in the first On the 30th. This could be something coming in from an air sign. It could be an Aquarius Sagittarius Leo Aries or a Capricorn. Okay. All right. Let's take a look at the 1st September I'm sorry October 1st Saturday October 1st messages The only thing I will tell you about this deck if you decide that you want to purchase this deck is I Don't know if it's humidity or whatever it is, but they the cards tend to stick together So if you get the deck and that's like I'm doing a review here But yeah, they have a tendency to stick together so be mindful of that if you purchase the deck You would really have to like give them a lot of friction or You know warm them up Okay Saturday October 1st messages for Virgo Okay, ooh the hermit. Yeah. Wow Virgo. So that's your card for sure Doing a lot of self-reflection Okay, wow ten of sorts or the ten of needles nine of needles and the nine of Pentacles Wow, okay So it looks like Saturday If somebody is trying to come back in or try to rebuild a relationship with you Could be a romantic partner could be a friendship could be um Any like a sibling any kind of situation I feel for you on Saturday You are definitely Going to withdraw or go in because you're in this healing energy I do feel like you may just say let by guns be by guns ten of swords is like surrendering There might have been a betrayal or something or someone Did something that caused some kind of breakup because the four of sorts comes after the three of sorts The four of sorts is like the aftermath So whatever might have happened before I do feel like you're gonna let it go But I but I also feel like There's a lot of anxiety and stress attached to this thing, which is why maybe you need some kind of healing or rest Mental To disengage mentally from something here This actually might bring you more stress if somebody's coming back in to try to you know Cuz I don't know you've got the nine of Pentacles and I feel like You might not want to rebuild something here with someone if it was a really deep betrayal or you know stabbed in the back Kind of energy. I really feel like you're just gonna I don't know if you're gonna tell this person Accept your apology or I understand but I'm not going back down that road again. I do feel like I Don't know how many of you but there is a Virgo card here nine of Pentacles is like I'm staying single independent on my own I don't need XYZ from you. Okay, so that's a really strong Message here. So it seems like to me over the weekend like you're trying to heal from something overall and Just get yourself in a much better position and with somebody coming back in wanting to kind of like Have a new beginning with you. I don't know that you're ready You might just tell someone, you know, I'm just I'm letting it go. Just let it go They might want to just try to you know, because that devil energy is like holding on Obsessiveness Addicted to you or feeling this, you know, maybe somebody did something That just was very hurtful to you But an addiction might have been the source of why someone did something.  Just let it go. Just I don't want to talk about it. I'm doing me I'm on my own.  Not not this weekend. I just you can't you're I just see like you're like, nope No can do Okay, whatever the situation is. I feel like maybe you just need time You know to be on your own over the weekend here. I just want to clarify the hermit Yeah, wow got the Strength card. So that's what this is about Regaining your strength.  I feel like rebuilding building up your strength your stamina. Okay, Leo energy there Let me just I just want to clarify because I meant to do that and I didn't do it I want to clarify the fool and the devil. Show me this fool card for Friday Okay, death. Yeah, okay, so Scorpionic energy so Yeah, this person's like Whatever's they just want to put it behind them and they want to come in and try to repair and Heal some some kind of connection with you after something that have happened or something that has happened Get another clarifying card for that. Oh my goodness I can't even believe my card speak to me and all this major Akana the Hierophant Taurus Yeah, this I mean this person's coming in they want to do what they want to make it up to you They want to do the right do right by you My goodness Maybe it was something like in a work situation or it was a love relationship, whatever it might be Let me say clarify again the Hierophant. Oh my god. I can't with this reading now the lovers Gemini energy here for sure the lovers I'm making this for so many making a decision They want to be with you like long partnership friendship love whatever it is Marriage soulmate twin flame whatever you got going on.  Oh my gosh and I got the star Well, there's healing someone's healing from some kind of an addiction or that devil energy that anxiety lying You know confusing mixed messages manipulation everything that the devil stands for addiction Aquarius energy again this reading I just I feel like they just keep clarifying Everything that I'm picking up here Okay, eight of cups making that return. There's there's might be some time of conversation about Temporarily leaving maybe somebody went to rehab or temporarily having to leave and coming back clean and sober um for others this is like for Disappearing or becoming are being absent from a friendship or a connection or you know not showing up for work whatever it might be if your boss or you know There's some kind of energy that's playing out here The overall just is you know wanting to come in and try to like Sort some stuff out and get some healing but burgo, like I said, I feel like over this weekend Especially on saturday. You're like, nope. This is not the time I was like, no, this is not the time I'm your burgo trying to get your strength back. That's what I see here Trying to get yourself in like a much better position All right, let me see I mean, I feel like I see you pulling some ropes here Or doing some heavy work Okay, it was just one little thing there. Let me see Let's take a look at sundae. What's going on for sundae? Oh, wow Ace of pentacles goodness the ace of cups the sun Leo energy again And the two of wands. Wow Okay, you've got some serious new beginnings starting off on sundae new opportunities in business work career finance Maybe receiving a gift or opening some gifts or throwing a party Some kind of new opportunity New investment opportunities showing up on sundae Okay Also, there's a new Opportunity for love a new beginning and a new start with love The sun is success joy and happiness and the two of wands is basically making travel plans We're thinking about a partnership. I feel You know, I have to tell you when the aces show up The aces are kind of like gifts from spirit, right?  It's like a gift that comes down from above, right?  You know, like these material things with the ace of pentacles. So some kind of like Gift that comes to you on sundae That just is out of the blue and it's like a gift from spirit. Do you know what I mean? Like it's a gift from god. It's like grace.  You know, I feel like you're gonna experience that on sundae To some degree and the same thing with love. Okay You might meet someone or connect with someone who like you're like Like it's like spirit brought this person into your life and it's just It feels right. Okay, and that's what I mean. It could it could be a baby a new baby um, it could be like um like These the spiritual gifts that come I'm trying I'm like, oh my gosh a celebration of love or meeting someone who's like you're Like a doppelganger. It's like a wow kind of thing You know, it's it's not anything that you could ever have anything to do with these these two energies on sundae There's like blessings and grace and gifts.  There's a shortcut showing up You might you find a shortcut But it's a shortcut that's going to help you get it's just like a gift You know, like you're walking this trail somewhere in the mountains or your and it's really long or It's not a cheating thing. It's just spirits saying here. I'm going to help you out a little bit And sunday's going to be this opportunity and and and for some of you You may come to your senses Not and I don't mean that in like you're not thinking correctly, but you may come to realize that Maybe you want to give a friendship or a relationship another chance, you know, I feel like saturday is kind of like You're getting the let out you you have all this anxiety and stress and saturday is like I just need to Get rid of this excess energy because my head is spinning and and you feel like oh somebody's showing up here And you weren't really ready for that because you're trying to heal and it and it's always the way it goes Once you get into a really good place that's when you find that I hate to say it like this, but that's when like the pokes start happening you get you get your little tests you know, um So overall I feel in relation to this reading Like I was saying something that I felt like was destroyed or this situation that came out of the blue in the past That just kind of left you devastated like it's kind of like While you see example like a hurricane that just that just comes Except this would be more like a tornado that you don't have time that you didn't have time to prepare for And it just came out of the blue and just completely wiped you or knocked you off your feet, you know I see the opportunity now is showing up over this weekend for you to rebuild and you have some stuff It's going to be on your mind. You have some stuff. You're you're going to be Asked to think about but you're not going to have to make any major decisions You're going to have a little bit of help in this rebuilding because the wheel fortune Is destiny. This is fate. This is spirit saying we're going to help you Turn things around and things are going to start turning around for you, right? But at the end of the day just remember just because these little gifts come You know, you can always refuse them as well Or you can say no, I mean I'm not saying that you should but some of you Might have a hard time believing that you deserve anything So beautiful and so wonderful But spirits coming on sunday to tell you, you know, hey, you know that heartbreak, you know that argument, you know that thing that happens Okay, well, we're going to help you through this Okay, you know that that that feeling of depression, you know that feeling of sadness and grief You're not alone in this Okay You know that sense that you have where you've been blocked in a wounded warrior Okay, well, you're not going to suffer Okay The emperor they just told me for some of you. God the father is with you Okay or Maybe santa claus is watching it for you Like it's it's in the movie, right? It's in the movie Um, we're going to bring balance and structure You have someone leading the way and that's and that's this and that's spirit However, you choose to view spirit The high priestess trust your intuition. We're here with you and some of you are like, I know Some of you are saying to yourselves, I know I have gotten as far as I did because of My spiritual beliefs are because I have faith Okay, and because of support Right, there's support. This is the three of cups. There's people around you Who are cheering you on and are here for you Right, so I could keep going through all these cards, but Take your time this weekend. Do whatever you need to do for yourself. Make yourself happy bergo Get yourself in a good place.  I'm going out running or I'm going to go do some stuff with friends or I'm going to get back to so I'll I'll respond when the time is right. I'm not going to react to anything I'll respond, right? But as for as for guidance as for assistance. If you do that, I do see it comes to you All right, bergo. I love this reading. This is very very spiritual for you guys very So I'm gonna leave it there for you. I hope you all have a massively fantastic weekend And I will see you all back here on sunday for your singles reading All right, you guys love you very much. Have an awesome awesome weekend again. I'll talk to you soon. Bye You


Hi, and welcome to the session. Let us discuss the following question. The question says, reduce the following equations into intercept form and find the intercepts on the axis. First part is 3x plus 2y minus 12 is equal to 0. But before solving this question, we should know that equation of straight line intercept form is given by x by a plus y by v is equal to 1. Where a is the x-intercept, b is the y-intercept. That equation of straight line in intercept form plus y by v is equal to 1, where a is the x-intercept and b is the solution. The valid equation is equal to 0. x plus 2y minus 12 is equal to 0 in pi's. 3x is equal to 12 by 12. We get equation number 1 by action 5.