Lux present Hollywood. The Lux Radio Theatre brings you Judy Garland and Walter Pigeon in A Star is Born. Ladies and gentlemen, your producer, Mr. Cecil B. DeMille. Greetings from Hollywood, ladies and gentlemen. Among certain people, notably our good and brave friends of the Chinese, the passing of one year and the beginning of another is celebrated with fireworks. And taking a tip from them, we are going to touch you off a dramatic Roman candle that will send a pair of stars flashing across the sky in a blaze of glory. The stars are Walter Pigeon and Judy Garland, and the play is adapted from David O. Selznick's great motion picture, A Star is Born. Walter is starring now for Metro-Gordon Mayor in White Cargo, and Judy comes to us from the cast of Presenting Lily Mars. It wasn't so very long ago that Judy's own star first appeared in the Hollywood sky, and tonight in A Star is Born, she plays the part of a small town girl who rises to screen fame. I think myself that this is one of the best dramas of Hollywood that Hollywood has ever produced, but you'll decide that for us when you hear it. You know, it's a time of year for everything, and this is the time of year for making good resolutions. I have one to suggest now for some of the ladies in this audience, not all of them, or even a very large number, but just a few. The few who have never tried Lux Flakes. As I understand it, running a home is not an easy job at best. It certainly isn't going to be any simpler during 1943. And if you expect to make a lot of things last out the year, now is the time to begin taking care of them with Lux Flakes. That's one new year's resolution you'll be glad to keep. Now our stars are on stage and the curtain rises, for a star is born, with Judy Garland as Esther Bludget, and Walter Pigeon as Norman Maine. You're not an actress, Esther Bludget. You're a North Dakota farm girl and none too beautiful as that. And the sooner you stop dreaming about Hollywood and glamour girls and acting in pictures, the happier you're going to be. It's late at night. In the bedroom of a North Dakota farmhouse, Esther Bludget is still awake. She lies across the bed, subbing softly into the pillow. Hearing again in her mind the words of her aunt, the door is open quietly and an old woman and a flannel wrapper comes softly into the moonlit room. Yes, yes. Yes. Who is it? It's me, Granny. I thought you'd still be awake. Yes, Granny. Stop crying. That won't do any good. I'm crying because, because Aunt Maddie and, and Alec and, and everyone else in this family makes me so mad. Aunt Maddie. Alec. Fiddlestick. They are not important.  I could be an actress, Granny. I could be. And I'd go to Hollywood too if I had the chance. But they just laugh at me because I want to make something out of myself. They think it's funny. Everyone in this world who ever dreamed about better things has laughed at. Don't you know that? I suppose so. But there's a difference between dreaming and doing. You modern girls give me a pain. By when I wanted something better, I came across these planes of prairie schooner with your grandfather. We burned in summer and froze in winter. We used our guns when we needed food, then fought the Indians to keep it. But we kept on going and we didn't complain. Because we were doing what we wanted to do. Can you understand that? Yes. Yes, I can, Granny. Could you do it? Could you do it even when your heart broke? Because for every dream that you may come true, you pay the price in heart rate. I'm not afraid, Granny. I'm not. All right then. Here.  Oh, no. I can't take your money, Granny. It's your savings. I haven't got anything to save up for, except for funerals. And now I don't believe I'm ever going to die. Oh, Granny. How can I ever thank you? By promising me that you'll never tell anybody where you got that money. I promise. If you ever do, I'll have you arrested for robbing me. Oh, Granny. Granny, darling. Hollywood Boulevard, the heart of the movie Metropolis. On your right, ground with Chinese theater. Notice the paint blocks containing the hands and footprints of your famous star. We'll make a short stop here so you can inspect them at your... Your arm's apartment. Yeah, we got a vacancy. $4 running water, convenient to all studios. No dogs, no cooking. What do you do? Oh, yeah. Listen, wise guy. Don't waste my time. No dogs, no cooking, and no cowboys. Good afternoon. My name is Esther Bloch. I saw your ad in the paper. That's why we put it there, Miss. Day, week, or month, please. Well, it's a little hard to say. You see, I'm going in the movie. Oh, well, take it for a week. It will break the jump to Beverly Hills. Sign right here. Are all the studios really near here? All except Beaumont, British. I suppose the best way to get a job is to go straight to the studios, isn't it? You know, I... I haven't any illusions. I'm perfectly willing to begin with a little bit of a part, or even as an extra. $4, please, in advance. I beg your pardon. This is the central casting office, isn't it? Yes. Well, I'd like to register for extra work, please. To register? How long have you been in Hollywood? Well, it's nearly a month now. Well, you know, we have 12,416 extras registered with us now. That's 16 times as many as we can use each working day. We haven't put anyone on our register in over two years. Oh, I see. Come over here. I want to show you something. Those four girls operate our switchboards. Every time one of those little lights flashes, is someone asking for a job. And every time a girl says, try later, it means there isn't any job. We can't keep girls at the switchboard long. They go crazy. And every one of those little lights thought it was going to be a star. Do you still want to go into the movies? You know what your chances are? One in a hundred thousand. I know, but... but maybe I'm that one. Afternoon, Miss Blodgett. Hello. Any phone calls for me today, Mr. Randall? Nope. I guess Sam Gordon and Cecil de Miller are writing your letters instead. How was the luck today? There wasn't any. Maybe you don't go at it right. Well, if I... if I haven't learned in three months, I guess I never will. But I'm not giving up. Esther, hey, Esther. Hello, Danny. Hello, Maguire. How's the big assistant director and how's about some rent? Never mind that now. Listen, Esther, I got to speak to you right away. Come in the parlor. I still like a small payment on that rent. Danny, what's the matter? Look, remember when you first came here, I said I'd keep my eye out for a job for you? Well, believe it or not, I got one. Danny. Oh, that's wonderful. When do I go to the studio? Well, you don't exactly go to a studio. Oh, oh, it's on location. Well, no, it isn't really a movie job at all. It's to be a waitress. Oh. Well, it is a kind of a movie job in a way. If you look at it right. You said it was a waitress. Sure, but it's waitressing for Oliver Niles, the head of our studio. He's throwing a party tonight. There'll be a lot of big people there. I'll bet to be ten directors anyhow. And if you're there, maybe they'll notice you. Sure. I could make them notice me. Sure you could.  Make like Veronica Lake. Oh, no, no, I'd rather not. You see, I don't want people to say there goes Veronica Lake. I want them to say there goes Esther Bloods. Yeah, but how can they say it if they don't know your name? Well, that's up to me. I'll make them ask my name. Mr. Niles residence, good evening. Hello, let me speak to Oliver Niles and quick. Yes, sir? Oh, Mr. Niles, it's for you, sir. Thank you, Smith. I'll take it inside. Hello? Oliver Niles speaking. Hello, Mr. Niles. This is your publicity department. Yes, Libby, what is it? Your publicity department begs to advise that you're star, Mr. Norman Maine has once again been thrown in the Los Angeles jug. What? That's right. Mr. Norman Maine, American Prince Charming was apprehended driving down Wilshire Boulevard with his siren wide open. He explained to the local police that he was a tree surgeon on a maternity case. Where is he now? I bailed him out an hour ago.  Will this be in the papers, Libby? No, it won't be in the papers. But that's a nice expensive hobby of yours, keeping Mr. Maine's informal entertainment out of the public breath. Look, Libby, you better find him and bring him here. Hi, Oliver. Nice party. Never mind, Libby. He's here now. I'll call you back. What's the matter, Oliver? You look worried about something. Do I? Evidently, you aren't. All right, Oliver. Go ahead and say it. I've got it coming to me. Don't make it any tougher on me, Norman. I don't want to stand here and preach. Take a look at my side of it.  I know. The costs are going up and the grosses are going down. It isn't that so much. I just hate to see you go the way of so many others.  Oh, Oliver, stop it. First signs are always the same, not being able to remember your lines, the cameraman trying to cover up your hangovers, all because you've got to have a good time every day, every night. I've warned you for a long time, Norman. OK, Oliver, you're a swell guy. If you won't lose any money on me, I'll promise you that. I'll be ready for the curtains when the time comes. And when it does, here's my epitaph. For amusement only. Come on, let's get back to the party. Will you have some hors d'oeuvres? Hors d'oeuvres, Mr. Maine? The caviar is very good. Oh, thanks. Oh, wait. Maybe I will. Mm. Oh, very beautiful. I mean, very good. I've never seen you around here before. Well, I'm just working for the night. Hors d'oeuvres?  I'm starving. Well, let's see. Which one would you take? Well, they all look good, sir. Yeah, I believe I'll take caviar. Norman! Hello, Anita. Where have you been? Looking for you, mostly. Come on, I want to talk to you. Wait a second. Let's see. Caviar, anchovies, caviar. Take the tray away, please. Mr. Maine doesn't care for anymore. Do you, Norman? No, Norman doesn't care for anymore. Oh, hello. Hello. Mind if I help? In the kitchen? Won't they miss you? Oh, no, they'll just look under the table, and when they see I'm not there, they'll forget the whole matter. Uh, what's your name? It's Esther Blanchett. My name's Maine. I know. Oh, what's so funny? Well, I was thinking about all your fans. How surprised they'd be if they could see you now, helping me put plates away. They don't know my finer size. They'd be pretty envious of me, meeting you in person this way. Tell me, are you disappointed? Yes, a little. Well, how do you know? Oh, now you've done it. You've broken one of the good plates. Ah, don't worry about it. It makes the room look lived in. Tell me, uh, just, uh, why are you disappointed in me? Well, I was sitting right behind you in the Hollywood Bowl that night. You didn't want to be photographed, and you smashed the photographer's camera. Ah, yes. Yes, I'm told I crept into many a heart that night. Oh, Mr. Maine, I'll never be able to explain this. Two of them. You know something? You've got very fruity hair. You better get out of here.  Oh, here you are. I need that, darling. Come in, come in. What are you doing in here, Norman? Who, me? Oh, I just wanted to be helpful. See? I see. Are you sure there was no other attraction? Well, it might be that old mania for putting plates away, coming back on me. Oh, Mr. Maine. Slippery as plates I ever saw. You know, it's rather odd that I always know where I can find you if there's a pretty girl around. It's not only odd, it's embarrassing. And, uh, we aren't married, darling. Not yet, anyway.  I've put up with you as long as I'm going to. Now, dear, don't lose your temper. Remember, we must try to keep the voice low. I know you'll excuse us if we go on with our work. Oh, please. Let me help. No, don't hit her. Here, put that plate down on either. Oh. Mr. Maine, oh, Mr.... Unconscious. Now I'll see what you've done. Oliver! Oh, I thought you were unconscious. Come on, help me up. Are you hurt? Well, uh, no more than usual. Listen, the wolves are on it. Come on, we've got to get out of here. Oh, I can't. The dishes aren't finished. Oh, yes they are. Watch. Come on! That's my house, Mr. Maine. The one with the Oleander bush. Oleander bush? Right. Well... Wait. Uh, I bet I know what you're going to say. What? Good night. Good night and... and thanks. Oh, wait a minute.  Why is it foolish? Look at you. Oh, that's what I mean. Now, uh, I'd like to go into this matter rather thoroughly. Oh, that's awfully nice of you. You ever acted before? No. That is, I've never acted in anything important. That's all right, never mind. I used to be in school shows, of course. They said I had a future.  No. The pieces in my high school in North Dakota. Well, they certainly ought to know. But just the same. I have got a future in acting, I mean. And nobody had to tell me except myself. Well, that's fine. Uh, look, uh, don't go in now. Uh, let's go up to my place and talk it all over. Oh, no. Thank you very much, but I really must say goodnight. Well, wait a minute.  No. Well, you are. Thank you. And one more thing. This, uh, this is hard to say, but I want to say it anyway. On the screen, I'm a, well, you know. Uh, in private life, I'm a, well, you know. But whatever I do, I still respect lovely things. And you're lovely.  I understand. And it's not that bump on my head that's doing this matter. I'm glad. Good night. Good night. Hey, wait. Yes, what is it? Do you mind, do you mind if I take just one more look? Good night. Good night. Good night. We'll return for act two of a Star is Born, in just a moment. When you join hands on New Year's Eve, and bow out the old year to the tune of Old Lange sign, will some such thought as this run through your mind? Oh dear. I didn't realize my hands looked so bad. I really ought to do something about them. Doing something about them is really very easy. Much easier than many of you think. For you can get rid of that rough dishpan look while you're washing dishes. You don't have to buy expensive creams or lotions. All you have to do is to change from the strong soap that's causing the trouble to gentle lux flakes. Careful tests have proved that this is true. In these tests many women whose hands were red and rough from strong dish washing soaps changed to gentle lux. Their hands improved in from two to seven days and soon they were soft and smooth and lovely again. These women use no creams and lotions on their hands. They just change to lux. You can make that change for less than a penny a day. Yes that's all it costs to change dishpan hands to soft smooth lux hands. So tomorrow and the next day and throughout the new year keep a big box of lux flakes on hand in your kitchen to save your hands. Now our producer Mr. DeMille. Act two of a star is born starring Walter Pigeon as Norman Maine and Judy Garland as Esther Bludgett. When Norman Maine left Esther on her doorstep he went straight home. This was very unusual but he did not go to bed. That would have been too unusual. It's four o'clock in the morning and he's on the telephone to Oliver Niles. Hello it's Oliver Niles. Hello Oliver. Hello. Oliver you asleep? Not now I'm not. Who is it? Good this is Norman Maine. What? Who? Norman Maine. Norman what have you done now are you in jail again? No no no no. Oliver listen. Oliver I'm a girl. Oliver this girl she's beautiful. Yes she's beautiful yes I know you want me to give her a screen test. Oliver this girl has got something. I know it. You know it. You knew all the other times something too. No no no no no no I tell you Oliver she's got that sincerity and honesty that sincerity and honesty makes great accurate. I'll do the test with her myself tomorrow morning. How's that? Yeah yeah yeah. Follow her. What? What? Tomorrow morning screen test. Yes yes. How did it go Oliver? That's fine Oliver I know you appreciate this little tip. I got another one the six tomorrow good night. I know is some guy wants to speak to you. He's on the phone now. Hello hello. Four o'clock in the morning fine time to call. Hello that doesn't seem to be anybody there. Hello I know is some. Hello. Well I'm all right but. What's the matter? Bad news. No it's just that I'm going to get up tomorrow morning. Let's get going. All set here. Now then let's take it ready Norman. Any time. Where's the girl? I'm right here mister. All right let's go right over there miss what's your name? My name is right there that's the girl that's it okay Rudy let's go. You'll know your name soon enough the whole world is going to know it. Well I don't know I'm so scared maybe I better not try it today what do you think don't you think if I could wait until tomorrow maybe. Come on come on it's only a test. Only. And they all had to go through this Harry Lamar Barbara Stanwyck Myrneloi and now Esther Blodgy. All right I'm ready. That's it quiet quiet rolling give that long speech plenty of punch here I'll try to. Test Esther Blodgyt four two eight one six all right Norman. You said you were going to stay have you changed your mind. Yes I I have you're afraid aren't you that's what it amounts to. I suppose you could call it fear but it's more than that too. I'm ashamed for for so many things forever coming here at all forever having loved you but I'll never be free of you. I know that now and I'll have to live with myself and my thoughts and you can't run away from your own. Right there Miss Blodgyt here Mr. Now that said thank you thank you Mr. Niles I'm so glad you like the screen test I may as well tell you that my whole organization thinks I've gone a little nuts to sign you even at this figure and maybe they're right I hope they aren't we won't know either way for a while we'll wait you look like a nice girl I think I'm going to like you that's not important I think the public will like you that is important I know it is we're going to change your name of course Esther Blodgyt is well it's it's Esther Blodgyt you understand from now on your name is Lester Vicki Lester Vicki Lester Vicki Lester oh it's beautiful you'll change your hair a little too you'll have to learn to walk all over again will I and for heaven's sake learn to close your mouth and keep it closed even in your love scenes yes sir good evening everybody this is Billy Moon again the Hollywood star chaser these tired old eyes have again been glancing over the latest pipe dreams of the studio publicity department and I find ravishing but ravishing items concerning a newcomer discovered by Oliver Niles a new starlet a Cinderella of the Rockies named Vicki Lester this charmer according to the publicity department couldn't be more divine but this reporter will lay four to one that she'll never be heard from again my lesson you'll dress people we're shooting on the set this morning up in the commissary take it up take it up morning Mabel good morning mr. Main won't it be this morning the usual Mabel orange juice and bicarbonate of soda make it too by car it was a very successful party last night at me talking company no mr. Smith is not in hello at me talking company at mr. Smith is not in what goes on over there Vicki Lester she's rehearsing again bring that stuff over to her table will you at me talking company mr. Smith is not in at me no smith ain't in at me talking company I'd like to speak to mr. oh mr. Smith isn't in Norman what's this between you and Smith well I've got a part it's only one line but it's in a picture oh so it's ambition that made you break that date with me last night well I had to be here so early in the morning so did I and I had to stay up all night to make it you've started your picture haven't you oh we're still in the testing stage can't seem to find a girl for the lead gee you'd think with all the girls there are yeah but this girl's got to be different you've got to be little and cute and sweet and in touch well knock me down what or beat my brains out Norman what's the matter with come on hurry up finish that coffee where are we going Oliver Niles office on the run only thing to do you've gone through the whole casting directory haven't you bet look Norman day and night mr. Niles I'll give it everything I've got and I'll work with her Oliver I can be mean or nasty or anything you want mr. Niles if she clicks all over you've got a star overnight well what do you say okay she's in Esther Esther wake up Vicki Lester has made good Vicki Lester is a new star just as I predicted on this program some time ago just how good she is was known early this evening after the preview of her first picture in which she plays a featured role opposite Norman Maine Norman may be starred but he's decidedly not the main attraction thank you very much thank you would you like to sit down Esther I shot dance with you taking all these bows oh Norman it's also wonderful I'll never forget this knife let's go outside for a minute it'll be cooler out there all right lovely darling love thank you oh it's wonderful see those lights Esther down there that's Hollywood it's wonderful isn't it a crazy quilt now it's a carpet spread for you it's yours from now on you know it's come master a star has been born you'll have everything in the world you want and I hope to make you happy hasn't it you there's one thing I never had lots of times I've told myself I'd found it but I always knew I was kidding still I'll never stop looking for it maybe it'll come I think it has come Esther I only wasted it it weren't too late oh it's not too late Norman it's not you can't throw away your life the way I've thrown away mine and have anything left that's good enough you can oh Norman you can you you you shouldn't tell me that Esther I'm afraid I'll begin to believe it I want to tell you Norman and I want you to believe it because because I love you too Norman well maybe I'm not thinking fast enough this morning what are you two trying to say just this Oliver we're going to get married you're going to what I guess you didn't read that line right Norman all right I'll try it again we're going to get married Oliver both of us yes to each other what do you think of that when we're we're going to elope in the conventional manner what's the matter mr. Niles he's trying to decide whether it's good for the studio is it mr. Niles it is and bless you my children when's it going to happen well we thought we'd just sort of sneak out sometime oh sure but you mustn't hurt people's feelings Matt Libby for instance he has a very sensitive nature he feel offended if he didn't have a chance to congratulate you miss Horton send Libby in here I've been trying to keep him out hello Niles listen to this the screen's ideal romance blossomed into breathtaking reality today when Vicki Lester and Norman Maine America's dream lovers flip through the portals of holy matrimony how does that sound horrible oh you see mr. Libby we're going to elope quietly sure yeah sure it'll be the biggest elopement this town ever saw we'll get a tie up with the army and have an escort of 20 bombing planes all the way to Yuma make personal appearances in Denver Salt Lake Seattle Vancouver let's make this thing international Norman is he going with me I doubt it look Niles don't you think we can work this thing out better alone no use bothering a happy couple with all these details I'm sorry we didn't realize we were in the way while you're settling the details you don't mind if I go out and buy this lady a ring do you sure go ahead we want everything legal come on honey see you later Oliver and now there's a charmant match for you nice girl like Vicki and public nuisance number one Norman's all right Libby if you pardon my pointing Vicki's business is her own doesn't require any comment I didn't comment I just said it's a dirty shame just go ahead and plan your elopement that's all that's required hey what's the matter you saw or something about this elopement no I'm not sure go on Libby beat it I'm busy the Hollywood question mark for this week folks what famous star since his marriage to another famous star has turned over a brand new leaf and is now taking a non-alcoholic honeymoon but why do his friends think his bride came about six pictures too late as far as the public is concerned because the stars last six pictures have been what is politely known as turkeys box office flapolas yes sir folks in with a gay career and a short one Norman I just can't believe it yet would you mind telling me again very slowly that is your new house this is your new grass those are your new trees and here's your new husband well do you like the place oh it's the most wonderful surprise anybody ever had I kept thinking we were going to live at the beach house and then this we keep the house at the beach but this is special this is our castle or we'll never use ugly words like contracts and pictures and careers when we come in these gates we'll check the studio outside oh no hey all that folks oh for the love that's it did you get that shot out of got it good caption their honeymoon never ends how are you folks well Libby this is a surprise and a very unpleasant I just dropped over to welcome you home how are you mrs. main fine thanks hello auto hello mr. sir well my friends this is a nice little place you have here very tasty Libby if you didn't like it we'd sell it all right now let's get some more pictures now if the bridal just sit here in the groom stand behind her we'll have something unique swirl all right auto caption their honeymoon still continues hello there are the producer their honeymoon ceases abruptly hello Oliver hello Norman glad you're back how are you ester hello Oliver I am are you interrupting yes but Libby beat you to it well we just want a couple more now that's enough of both of motto what the papers are asking for is exclusives of Miss Lester alone oh I see come on Oliver let you and I get exclusive sure stay for dinner Oliver thanks I will all right now miss Lester let's have one with a smile that's it well Oliver what's on your mind how's the dividend situation very pleasant I think we'll show 2 million on the next quarter oh that was a smart move of mine to sell my stock then wasn't it well anyway you can thank me for some of those dividends of yours can't you oh sure sure uh that was a little too quick Oliver enchanted our was a smash it wasn't it made ester a star overnight yeah and it should have uh what about me let's wait and talk business at the office Norman come on let's have it didn't they like me well maybe the part wasn't right it was the best part of the year look Oliver do you think I'm slipping come on give it to me can you take it go ahead the tense is wrong Norman you're not slipping you've already slipped uh but my fan mail's still big Norman Norman fans will write anybody for a photograph it only costs three cents for the stamp that makes photographs cheaper than wallpaper but every quarter they pay for a theater ticket buys them the right to be a critic your last few performances Norman have not pleased your critics remember I told you I'd be ready for the curtains when the time came well here it is let's call off the contract and no heart feelings well we're not quitting yet I've got a swell script lined up for you Norman about ester if you think I'm going to get in her way well the matter of fact as it happens there isn't anything for her in this story I no less plan to star her in a picture of her own maybe with that young pamperton opposite her he's coming along very nicely good for young pamperton all right Oliver we'll make a try at it let's hope it's not too late let's hope it's not too late this is the Columbia broadcasting system after a brief intermission we'll hear act three of a star is born starring Judy garland and Walter pigeon now when you try out a new thing naturally you want to find out everything you can about it here are some of the things women have been asking about the new rayon stockings perhaps our answers will help us settle some questions in your mind aren't rayon stockings pretty much all alike no more than all silk stockings were alike for one thing high twist rayons usually have more elasticity so they fit and wear better how do rayons really wear well that depends partly on the weight you buy the heavier weights will naturally wear longer as they do in silk and wear also depends on the care you give rayons if you rub them with cake soap or use strong wash day soaps you'll probably be disappointed for those things weaken elasticity and your stockings break easily into runs so give rayon the same gentle care you give silk and nylon nightly luxing rich lukewarm lux suds save elasticity cut down expensive runs do rayons take longer to dry yes and thorough drying is important rayon is temporarily weak when it's wet regains its strength only when it's dry all the way through your rayon stockings may feel dry before they really are so it's safer to allow them from 24 to 48 hours drying time to sum up lux care means longer wear for rayons just as it does for silk and nylon so stick to gentle lux over 90 percent of the makers of stockings makers of rayon nylon silk cotton and wool advise lux flakes now mr. de mill returns to the microphone you might like to know what new year's resolutions our stars have made i'll ask them about it right after the play but now it's here here's act three of a star is born with judy garland and walter pigeon here has gone by a year during which ester rose steadily to stardom and norman dropped just as steadily into oblivion it's the night of the academy award dinner at a table in the corner ester and olive and aisles wait anxiously for norman to arrive the master of ceremonies is speaking we have already applauded with our hearts as well as our hands when awards have been given to those gentlemen who during the past year have read it and don't know what's happening to him of course not he's probably been held up in traffic that's all you just think about that oscar you're going to get present to hear the academy award for the final performance of the year the unforgettable anna in dream without end miss dickie less than honest get your award congratulations thank you but more can i say miss lester this statuette says it for all of us ladies and gentlemen when something like this happens to you and you try to tell how you feel about it you find that out of all the words in the world there are only two that really mean anything thank you all i can do is to say them to you from my heart all i can do is to tell you that i'll keep saying them just as long as i know very pretty speech my dear i want to be the first to congratulate you on that valuable little piece of bric-a-brac now i want to make a speech gentlemen of the academy and fellow suckers i got one of those ones for best performance once don't mean a thing people get them every year well i want a special award norman please something nobody else can get i want a statuette for the worst performance of the year i want three statues for the three worst performances of the year i earned them and everybody that saw those last two master pieces of mine knows i earned them what i'm here to find out is do i get them or do i get them answer yes or no music quick answer yes or no all right aster i've got him come on norman come over to the table norman hello vicky dear allow me to congratulate you you must be terribly proud and happy tonight norman dear oh norman yes sir what what have i done somebody give me a drink oliver and i was calling oh oliver come in how are you aster oh oliver i've missed you everybody's missed you sit down did you have a nice trip well three months tour over the theater circuit scarcely comes under the head of pleasure but the way they're screaming if your pictures all across the country miss lester if i may talk shop you are a knockout thank you that's good to hear oliver you've been crying haven't you yes a little why oh i i guess maybe it's just nerves i'm worried about this next picture oliver you needn't be i just saw the first week shooting you're headed for another academy award this year really oh thanks that's encouraging how's norman norman well he's he's trying awfully hard oliver has he been is he is he all right he's gone to a sanitarium sanitarium well it was his own idea you see he really wants to stop drinking and i think he could if i know he had a chance to work again well maybe we can fix it oh oliver could you could you do that i i think so oh thank you oliver but he mustn't ever know i told you he won't know vicki when you mustn't worry do you hear i want you to be good in this picture i'll try oliver it's all i can do for you and one more for the books folks what star recently released from a sanitarium where he underwent a rest cure he's now hanging around the center and eat a racetrack while he gets into shape for a comeback your guess is as good as mine and mine's no guess hello charlie well hello mr man haven't seen you in a long time no i've uh i've been resting uh ginger ale please ginger ale and what ginger ale and ginger ale oh new leaf huh a whole new book charlie pick it up charlie got you so run oh well a stranger in our midst hello let me mr america of yes say that i let you run around now without a keeper oh uh i'm a trusty now good behavior you know but i didn't expect to find you at santa nita what do they do with the actors when you're away oh they cut them in slices and prime with eggs i suppose you'll be here all the time now that you'll be tired from the hurly burly of the silver screen well we're staying down the beach house now and it's well pretty lonesome with estra way working all day i wouldn't squawk about that if i were you nice somebody in the family's making a living go a little slow with your liby i don't want to forget we're friends friends my eye listen i got you out of your jams because it was my job not because i was your friend i don't like you i never did like you nothing made me happier than to see all those cute little pranks of yours catch up with you and land you on your celebrated pretty work liby always wait till they're down then kick them why you're not down actor you fix yourself nice and comfortable you can live off your wife now she'll buy the drinks and put up with you even if nobody else will why you take a swing at me will you get up your four-star ham and i'll knock it down for cheap oh my god get up there get up and get out of here don't bother to throw him out mike he's just a harmless drunk well okay mr liby if you say sure let him go what can he do he can't fight any better than he can act hey hey hey me you okay yeah i'm okay give me a scotch double vicki please please sit down you're going to be sick carrying on like this why don't you try to get some sleep he's been gone for four days four days and not a word oliver how can i sleep how can i do anything else oliver i can't answer i i just can't will you please hello this is oliver now speaking what where all right thanks oliver what's happened where is he's all right vicki he isn't hurt he well they're holding him downtown in the night court i'll go right down get him out who what is it what has he done he's been arrested on a disorderly conduct charge i'm going with you oliver best of please it isn't any place for you and if it gets in the paper what do i care about the papers norman's in trouble he needs me i'm going to him next case alfred hendrickson known as norman main where is he yeah drunken disorderly crashed car into tree resisted arrest and injured one of arresting officers how do you plead guilty were you norman main the actor yes you've come pretty low haven't you 90 days in the city jail wait please your honor i'm his wife yes i recognize you miss lefter please i promise you judge this will never happen again i'll be responsible for him if you'll if you'll just not send him there please you realize that this man when drunk is obviously a menace to public safety yes you realize too the responsibility would be assuming to the court and to the commonwealth i do very well senate suspended prisoner remanded to custody of his wife he may take him home miss lester norman norman are you all right darling i'm i'm so tired yesterday talk though he's still asleep in there that's the best thing for him oh it's awful to see this happen to someone you love and you know in your heart that that it can't get any better do you still loving ester or do you feel sorry for him it's so hard to tell where one leaves off and the other begins i only know that all i can do now is stay with him and try to help him so will i between us we'll take care of him won't we you're very fond of him aren't you oliver i'm very fond of both of you i know that's why i know you'll understand what i have to tell you and i think that after what happened last night you might know what it is i can't do any more pictures oliver i'm going away for good with norman can't do that you're at the peak of your success you've worked too hard to get there yes i've worked hard oliver and what difference would it have made if you and norman hadn't worked harder to get me there no one can help people to careers you made your own career it's your whole life ester yes that's what's been wrong i've thought it all out maybe if i hadn't been away from him so much things might have been different what happened last night might never have happened at all but it's too late to think of that now but maybe it's not too late to go away with him and start over again somewhere it's your life you're giving up yes so i can try to give norman back his can you honestly tell me i'm wrong no i can't honestly tell you that there won't be any more vicki lester oliver goodbye vicki lester you're a swell girl and good luck mrs norman name goodbye oliver thank you for everything hello darling norman this is your husband coming in to apologize again dear norman have you been out there alone oliver niles was here yes i know uh uh i mean that i thought he would be you're looking very sad darling what other troubles have you got none i was just playing a little scene with myself now look i'm just coming out of the jitter and you're just going into them this is this well how so isn't it i'll tell you what we'll do i'll promise to brace up if you'll go on the wagon well i guess i have been drinking too much you know what i'm going to do i'm going to be an athlete d you mean with great big muscles and everything roughly speaking yet you're going to join the ymca no no no that that costs too much i'm uh i'm going waiting in the pacific now sure oh well you won't go out too far darling will you uh a little water once in a while wouldn't hurt me anyway crazy well uh if you don't mind i'll be running along could you have a hot toddy um i mean uh some hot soup for me when i come back some hot soup and i'll make the sandwiches oh norman do you have to give me a kiss darling all right don't be long i won't oh darling yes do you mind if i take just one more look norman so long sweet will that be all miss lester have you packed everything yes ma'am the bags the trunks everything gonna have the car brother don't tell me i can't see her i'm her grandmother yes sir granny oh granny darling i'm so glad to see you what made you come i know when i'm needed here girl get out please i want to talk to my granddaughter i got here as quickly as i could but i was going home i sent you a wire yesterday sit down is it true that you're going to quit the movies i never want to hear of them again what are you running away from child i'm not running away it's just that i can't go on my my heart isn't in it anymore once i told you if you get what you want you might have to give your heart an exchange and i said i was willing well i was i've proved it i've given my heart granny yes you made a bargain and now you're whining over it i wouldn't be very proud of myself if i were you i'm not it's just that i i got so much more than i bargained for granny more success more pain more happiness and so much more unhappiness it's all come so quickly grandma i've lived a whole lifetime and a few short years and when norman died something died in me too my life is over grandma there's no reason for it now and i can't go on any longer i just can't you got to tragedy is a test of courage ester i never knew norman name he was sweet to me in the letter he wrote when you were married he said that you told him how much i meant to you but i know how much you must have meant to him and i can't believe that wherever he is ester he's very proud knowing that all that is love did for you was to make you a a quitter the car's ready miss lester you'll have to go now to make the train put the car back in the garage we're going to stay ladies and gentlemen it's a great occasion the entire picture industry has come to the chinese theater for this opening tonight to pay tribute to a great star a girl who has won the heart of the world miss vicki lester and now if i'm not mistaken miss lester's car is just driven up yes there she is i'll see if i can get her here to say a few words here she comes no wait she's stopping folks i don't know what it's all about but what is it jim oh ladies and gentlemen miss lester has stopped at the footprints of her late husband norman main she's a little upset i i don't think we're going to get her up here no wait she's pulling herself together she seems to be all right ladies and gentlemen she's approaching the microphone now miss lester would you miss lester we're on a national hookup here your fans are hoping you'll say a few words to them would you please of course hello everybody this is this is miss norman main her's return for their curtain call here's an interesting thing i read about hollywood the other day more than a thousand ways of saving vital materials are being used in movie making today yes conservation saving things so they'll serve longer is important now one thing that's playing a big part in saving precious fabrics for hollywood studios is lux flakes leading motion picture studios use gentle lux for all their washable costumes so they'll stay fresh and unfaded longer and keep their true colors before the camera now you can well believe that in times like these the studios choose the care they know is really safe women know too from their actual experience that lux flakes are wonderfully gentle safe for everything safe in plain water with gentle lux care there's no cake soap rubbing no harmful alkali to injure fabrics or colors so your dresses blouses sweaters the children's clothes your nice household linens will last longer where better when you lux them in your conservation program for 1943 make this your motto don't trust to luck trust to lux now here's mr. demille and our stars if ever a performance deserved a curtain call it's a star is born and here are the two stars responsible judy garland and walter pigeon made any new year resolutions yet judy sure more bonds less butter can't go wrong on that put yours walter well for one thing i'm cutting down on conversation and i'm going to try to get other people to do the same thing of course that may get me in trouble i suppose you mean conversation about the war walters yes it's uh all summed up in one slogan judy careless talk costs lives or if you like it even shorter zip your lips a little bits of military information yes that's the way modern espionage works it's like the like a gigantic news gathering agency piecing together hundreds of seemingly unrelated facts no more beautiful blonde spies well i haven't seen one recently judy even in pictures well how do you figure not talking is going to get you in trouble walter from now on uh judy when somebody says to me my brother is sailing tonight they just gave him a tropical sun helmet i'm going to suggest that it's dangerous talk and might sink that brother's ship if heard by the wrong people i may be sticking my neck out but it's for a good cause if everybody joins that crusade water the enemy agents will starve to death good luck with it uh i have one question cb no uh military information involved uh what's your play next week well it's quite military water because next week our play is the metro golden mayor hit the bugle sound and our stars will be wallace bere and marjorie rambo the bugle sounds is a story of a rugged old cavalry sergeant whose regiment is being mechanized but but mechanizing wallace bere is a man's size job for any army so don't don't miss this drama of adventure in tanks and jeeps next monday night well with two swell players like wallie bere and marjorie rambo you're sure to have a great show mr demille good night good night cb good night the star is born to the president for us this coming week return the page on a new year 1943 holds nothing but promise the promise of a clean page the record that will be written there one year from today will be what we make it we will have only ourselves to praise or blame the man on the fighting front the man and the girl in the machine gun factory the farmer in his wheat field all have a personal part in making the history of this year and when the day of victory comes as it must they can all say this day is mine and a free radio a free press and a free screen will join free men and women everywhere inhaling not just a new year but a new era and a bright new world and now for all times sake and for new times sake our sponsors the makers of lux flakes and lux toilet soap send their wishes of good fortune and a safe return home to the hundreds of their employees both men and women who are now in the armed services and to all men and women in our country's service wherever they may be and our sponsors send their heartiest good wishes to each and every one of you all here in the lux radio theater join me in echoing these hopes for a joyful and victorious new year and we invite you to be with us again next monday night when the lux radio theater presents wallace berry and marjorie rambo in the bugle sounds this is this will be the male saying good night to you from hollywood heard in tonight's play where leo cleary as oliver niles charles seal as liby verna felton as granny arthur kew brian as moon and francis robinson fred mackay jane morgan eddy mar norman field bruce pain grandenton arthur gilmore griff farnette and jane beers our music was directed by louis silvers and this is your announcer john m kennedy reminding you to tune in next monday night to hear wallace berry and marjorie rambo in the bugle sounds yes absolutely free a sample of vim the new low cost vitamin mineral tablets ladies if you haven't tried yet vim now is the time just send your name and address to this station you'll soon receive a free sample of vim remember right to this station ask for your free vim today this is the columbia broadcasting system


We are to bring all these interactions together. This is another beautiful illustration that I got courtesy of Mike Levitt many years ago. Don't worry too much about the exact shapes in here, because again, different programs, different scientists tend to use slightly different standards for this.  Then we're going to need one term describing all these torsion potentials, and that's the one in the middle here. I can't stress enough how important torsions are, and the reason why torsions are important is that they're intermediate. You won't know that yet, but it's going to turn out that energy variations that are very small, that's kind of like gravel in the road. We run over them, it vibrates a bit, but it's not really going to change where we get. And it's going to turn out that energy variations that are very small, change where we get, and energy barriers that are very high, they're going to be like brick walls, you're not going to get through them. So the interesting aspects are the middle, the average energy barriers, and that's exactly the torsions. And again, they're illustrated by these rotations around the central bond. Then you have these Lenard-Jones interactions. Again, this is formulated in a slightly different way, where we have a unit of energy and then an equilibrium length there of the bond. It's a small mathematical exercise to show that this corresponds to those C6 and C12 numbers I had on the last slide. And that would correspond to this repulsion and dispersion part. And finally, we have an electrostatic energy where this has to do with units, whether you're 104 pi epsilon zero, or whether you're using CGS units. So forget about the 332 factor there. Those are the electrostatics, hundreds of k-cals. This might be 0.1 k-cal, torsions, a few k-cals, and these are hundreds of k-cals too, and we're never going to be able to break them. So in principle, that's everything you need to do to describe what the energy is in one confirmation of a micromolecule. But here's the thing. The interesting part is we want to compare different confirmations, what happened when they move. And now things are going to start to be quite different in quantum and chemistry, because this is much more difficult for quantum chemistry to do than for us. So imagine that we take all these things together and sum them up. We're going to come back later to how you let a computer do this, but if I have a potential, if you've studied your undergraduate physics, you know that the negative derivative of the potential that's going to correspond to the force on a system. Again, the potential of lifting a weight is the mass times the gravitation factor times the height, and the force down is the derivative with respect to the height minus the derivative. If we know the force on molecules, we use Newton's first law. If I know the force, I can calculate the acceleration. Force equals mass times acceleration. And the acceleration describes how the velocity is changing. So if I started from some velocities, for instance, zero, I can then calculate how the velocities would be a very little while later. Then I know what the velocity is. And the velocity is how the position is changing as a function of time. So that means that I can calculate how the positions are varying. So this enables me to take small steps and really simulate in a computer how a molecule would move as a function of time. The problem is that small is something that should be taken literally. You're going to need to do this in orders of femto seconds. So this is just one more molecule from the simulation I previously showed you a couple of times moving. And I've hidden all his neighbors in this case. But the advantage is that computers can do 10th of thousands of these steps per seconds today. And we have very large supercomputers can treat molecules with millions of atoms. So this has suddenly become a very useful biochemical tool. Whereas 20, 30 years ago, it was something that only theoretical physicists used for very simple systems. What can we do with that? Well, let's see if we can revisit some things such as how large molecules move or first made the hydrogen bond.


This is Mises Weekends with your host, Jeff Deist. Ladies and gentlemen, welcome back once again. It's time for Mises Weekends and we are joined by a voice that I'm sure many of you know, our friend and compatriot, Yuri Maltsev. Yuri, how are you? I'm doing very well. And you? I'm excellent. Just a bit of background. For those of you who aren't familiar with Dr. Maltsev, he was born and raised a former USSR where he obtained his PhD in economics and actually worked on some of the Gorbachev era perestroika programs in economics before defecting to the United States. More importantly for us, he's a senior fellow at the Mises Institute and also going to be speaking at our event in Dallas, Fort Worth next week on Saturday, June 2nd. So if you're in Texas or driving distance of Texas Beecher and join us next Saturday morning, you can go to mises.org slash events to find out about that. But Yuri, I want to start.  Do you ever feel like you're repeating yourself? Well, I would say that unfortunately this ugly creature socialism is kind of raising its head here. I mean, it's unbelievable what is going on right now in our press. You know that in Washington Post, which I lovingly called Washington Compost, they just hired certain Elizabeth Bering. She's writing almost every week that we should try socialism. Why we don't try socialism? And every, every week, Washington Post is publishing this communist propaganda. My answer is why not to try cancer less deadly? Yeah. Well, you noticed that Maduro won his sham election the other night. We seem to hear this repeated over and over by our friends on the left that people like Maduro and much less Stalin or Lenin or Mao, they don't represent real socialism or real communism that they're dictators. So what would be your response to that? Yes. And now they declare that that Canada is a socialist country that Sweden and Finland and Norway and Mr. Sanders or Comrade Sanders even declared Denmark a socialist country. To the point even that Prime Minister of Denmark kind of was saying don't badmouth Denmark please because we are a free market economy. And that's what they do. They want to disown the bad kind of the dictators and declare that socialism is when you have a free dental care then this is socialism already. No, this is not socialism. Socialism is abolition of private property. And Mr. Maduro or Mr. Kim Jong-un together with Stalin and Mao Zedong, they are true socialists or murderous Castro brothers. And so you can see that at first they were so excited. If you remember NPR or PBS, they were praising Cajuga Chavez, that social dictator who began to dismantle this beautiful country even as well. So right now there are millions of people running away in horror. It really is something. You knew Murray Rothbard, didn't you, when both of you were younger? Oh yes, I was so blessed to meet him. Meeting Murray would be one good single reason to defect from anywhere. But we don't hear this term much anymore, mixed economy. It used to be used in political science courses I believe. But Murray talked about how even partial diminutions in control and ownership represent semi-socialism.  You don't have to have outright public or state ownership of property. Would you agree with that or do you think that gets us into trouble because we sound too radical? I do agree absolutely that there is no middle way between socialism and the free market. Not at all. And Murray, he pointed at this several times and I would say extremely persuasively. But for Mises himself, he planned cows, he was talking about that. Any movement out of free market, it's already movement towards slavery. Then Hayek wrote to serve them that any kind of social planning would end up in serve them. So this is absolutely right because these two systems cannot be merged. You cannot have a little bit of freedom, a little bit of slavery mixed. That doesn't work at all. But I think that the litmus test of ownership of private properties today we still can enjoy private property in the United States. But our enjoyment is limited because of the myriad of different regulations, taxes, all other kind of government attempts to turn us into public slaves. But from another hand I would say that this process fortunately is not finished. I mean in the sense that we still live better than most people on this planet because we still have maybe not a full control of private property, but maybe higher level of control than people in other countries. So it's a spectrum, it's a continuum of sorts from markets to socialism. Yes, yes of course. But third way I think was Likwan Yu, Prime Minister of Singapore. He used to say that the third way leads to the third world. And he was absolutely right. There's no such thing. Lenin, amazingly enough Lenin understood that. His point was that mixing socialism and capitalism would be like mixing water and oil. That they just do not mix. And his point is that that's why they wanted to immediately abolish private property, immediately kill people who own private property. I just came back from Washington. I had an interesting discussion with one social scientist. And he was just, I couldn't believe that social scientists today are talking about it. And his point was that we can have kind of democratic socialism, which would be kind of all right. And he believes that socialism is free healthcare for all or other things like that. And today just don't know anything. And they don't know why people would be killed under socialism. They would be killed under socialism because socialism does not have any incentives to do anything. And I told him that I think that the greatest promoter of equality was Stalin. He killed all rich people. So everybody became equal. But isn't it interesting how guys like him, they're absolutely convinced that socialism would reduce inequality and that there would be either no or a smaller elite class in society. Of course, history shows that that's completely the opposite. Yes, this elite class, that's who is promoting socialism. That's what Hayek wrote in Why Intellectuals Love Socialism, that because socialism is giving intellectuals claim to power that they know better, they can see farther. And there are gray masses who should be liberated, but there are still gray masses who should be led. So that's the whole idea is that there will be professional revolutionaries. And I think that the United States academia, like 85% think they are part of this revolutionary vanguard. Speaking of Hayek, if democracy leads to social, democracy leads to socialism, given our benefit of hindsight, the second half of the 20th century, the beginning of the 21st, it's a serious question where Hayek and Mises wrong about democracy. If Rothbard's right that any amount of state regulation tax zoning equals a diminution in value or diminution in ownership and control and thus semi-socialism, does that mean Mises and Hayek were wrong about democracy? It's kind of an open question. That's right, yes, that's right. And I discussed it with Murray many times because I think Murray is radical, very radical and rightly so. From another hand, there are different, I would say probably different tints of gray in between black and white, in a sense that still it's better to live here than in North Korea. So from that point of view, I think that infringement on private property. I mean, there are certain things with private property in the United States which are completely egregious. For example, the wetlands, the whole idea when you have a title for wetlands, which has a great negative value. No, no, no, like that. But from another hand, I think that still we are not associated with country, definitely. Yeah, and the difference in degree is huge. Yes.  So we shouldn't discount it in that sense. Exactly, exactly. It's the same thing. Yes, I was last couple of days in District of Columbia, had a seminar there. And many people would say, well, look, I mean this, for example, speaking about our President Trump, that he's not a libertarian. Of course, he's not a libertarian. But from another hand, he's more libertarian than most other presidents, especially in the 20th century and 21st century. In a sense that it looks like he does not attack private property. Derogation, I think, is spectacular. I mean, in one year, he achieved quite a lot. He dismantled maybe six or seven years of building all these regulations. I kind of also, all this global warming for ago went down the drain. So I kind of think, and I agree that the best would be not to have any president at all, that we can govern ourselves much better than the people in Washington, D.C. But it's again the matter of degree. I mean, it's like to talk in absolute terms. Then, basically, any president is just a product of adverse selection in politics. But from another hand, if we'll just look practically, I think that there's definitely a sea of difference between Mr. Trump and the previous president who was just Marxist-Leninist. But here's what galls me, is that socialism and communism, even when we're talking about them here in the ostensibly capitalist west, they're always portrayed as well-intentioned. Their failures are always excuse. It's just it didn't work out, but they were well-intentioned. Therefore, it's okay or even cool to display a sickling hammer or a Shea Guevara t-shirt. Whereas capitalism is dog-eat-dog, but it just works better. And from that, we get this muddled support for what's currently called neoliberalism. But this idea that socialism and communism are well-intentioned, but just went awry in history. I mean, how do you respond to that? Well, the first thing I respond to, I never use the word communism because communism was never practiced. It's just a slogan, it's utopia. Marx even was asked, when does he think communism would occur? He said, I think for 500 years from now. So we're still on a waitlist for another 250 years. Because what is communism? Communism is utopia. I mean, it's kind of like paradise on earth that the people would be working for free and working very hard and consuming very little because there will be such angels. There will be no government. It's kind of like some libertarians even thought that maybe it is a libertarian kind of utopia. In a sense that there will be no government. Government would wither away. You don't need government because people would be angels. They would self-govern themselves. But to make these wonderful angels, you need to turn people into these angels. And that's why they all the time, all socialists from Lenin, Stalin, Hitler, Pol Pot, Mao Zedong, they all talked about a new man of tomorrow, a new man of tomorrow. Lenin, I'm working in the archives in the Library of Congress. And I'm reading through Lenin's handwriting. And Lenin wrote that we inherited from Tsars in Russia. We inherited very poor human material. He doesn't even call humans humans, very poor human material, which can be enhanced only by mass shootings and forced labor. And that's what they did. I kind of see my one of my responsibilities before I die is to tell as many people as I can about the mass atrocities which happened everywhere in all socialist countries with no exceptions. And according to Rudolf Rammel, a great American demographer, about 200 million people were exterminated were considered to be to be a part of test control. According to Lenin's words, during the course of the last century, including 60 million in Soviet Union, 78 million in China, and a lot of others, people were killed 10, 15% of the population. And to tell you, there is many people discussing whether it's, for example, Russia was 43 million or 61 million. I don't even care because both numbers are completely outside of my comprehension. The amount of this evil is, and Stalin realized that he used to say, death of one person is a tragedy, death of a million, just statistic. And I think it's million tragedies.  And I'm quoting from there, in communist society nobody has one exclusive sphere of activity, but each can become accomplished in any branch he wishes. To hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon, rare cattle in the evening, criticize after dinner, without ever becoming hunter, fisherman, thurdsman or critic. So you can see what is called communism is just a carrot, and the stick is socialism. And there because socialism is the first stage of communism. And many of my colleagues in academia would say, well, actually socialism is good. If fascism is not good, and communism is not good, but they don't know what communism is, and they don't realize that fashion is just another form of the same socialism. Yuri, a lot of our critics, of course, will claim that X, Y and Z is not real socialism.  What are your thoughts on this? Yeah, I don't see any kind of signs of capitalism. That's why I call it socialist cronyism. Because these are the signs of the same deadly disease which destroyed the Soviet Union and other socialist countries. It is not capitalism. It is socialism corruption. Socialist corruption, because if you don't have private property, can you imagine what kind of corrupt society you are creating? That means that those people who are in charge are effectively our slave owners or fathers, and they can do whatever they like to do with these people. And that's why they were killing them, because as bad even as private slavery is, the socialist slavery, public slavery is much deadlier, because you can destroy people who are whom you can consider not as assets, but as liability. And so that's what they were doing. That's why 200 million people perished in this revolutionary Holocaust. Interestingly now that Karl Marx used this word first, he was talking about the revolutionary Holocaust in which he was thinking of burning not only capitalist, but also so-called racial trash of Europe, and that would be Basques, and that would be Slavs, and that would be Scottish Islanders for some reason, and Serbs. So that was, this ideology, Marxist ideology, any left ideology is deadly. It promotes violence and only classical liberals and libertarians, they promote peace among people and among countries.  We understand left and right and fascism, socialism, etc. But talk about the media in this country, in America and in the West. Here we've got a socialist mayor of one of the largest cities in the world, New York. We have an outright socialist Bernie Sanders who was almost the Democratic Party's nominee for president. We have outright socialist teaching at public universities, at taxpayer expense, all over the country. But if you read the Washington Post in the New York Times, you think that the rising problem in the United States is the alt-right, a few thousand disgruntled social media guys, or some Ku Klux Klaners running around in the woods in Mississippi. So talk about this, how the media makes it sound like the Trump phenomenon represents a right fascist threat, when in fact, from our perspective, the threat is left socialist. Exactly, yes. And it kind of, they made my job much easier because say, 25 to 30 years ago when I just came to the United States, media was pretty bad, socialist media, but not as bad as today. Today you can, if people would ask how was propaganda in the Soviet Union, I would say not even as effective as here today. It's just amazing what's happening. It's CNN or MSNBC or Washington Post or New York Times, almost everything else. I cannot even, and moreover, it became not only socialist, not only promoting communism, but it became so tedious. It's just impossible to watch it. Look, I mean, if you will look at what especially NPR and PBS were doing with, they praised all dictators. I remember how they were praising Castro, they were praising Gorbachev, they were praising Hugo Chavez all the time. And CNN and MSNBC, at least they're lying on their own expense. I mean, if you have Jeff Zucker at the helm of the CNN, he's just destroying CNN. CNN is losing its viewership. It's already, it became completely, I mean, nobody respects it anymore, even people who are watching it. What I'm kind of trying to at least raise awareness about is the National Public Radio. It's called National Propaganda Radio or PBS, because the taxpayer funded. And I remember Paul Ryan is my congressman, and I invited him to talk in my classes. And he, he's spoken in my classes saying that as a libertarian, I'm quoting him as a libertarian, I'm very much against government funding for public radio, public television, for national endowments for the arts, national endowments for humanities. And instead of that, he is increasing funding for the president wanted to defund NPR and PBS. No, the speaker of the House, well, fortunately not for too long, he increased funding for NPR and PBS. And this is, this is a shame that we are paying, we are paying our taxes to a very cynical thing also. And they are brainwashing us for this. And I think that especially in NPR, you know, the Supreme Court ruling about workers' rights, that workers should be treated as individuals instead of being just the herds driven by the shepherds from unions. They, in all NPR stations, all over the United States, there's a huge blow to workers' rights and on and on and on like that. So they, they're serving union leadership, they're serving the left of the Democratic Party. Well, ladies and gentlemen, when a Soviet expat is telling you that American media is propaganda, you know we have a problem, I hope Speaker Ryan pays attention to that. Uri Malsev, thanks so much for your time, ladies and gentlemen. If you're interested in Uri or what the Mises Institute does and you're in Texas or the Dallas, Fort Worth area, come see him and come meet us a week from now on Saturday, June 2nd. You can go to Mises.org slash events to find out more about that. And Uri, thanks a million for your time. I look forward to seeing you in a week. Very good.