Today we will be having the 4th lecture of the series and let us see what we had done in the last class. We had in the last class briefly describe about 4 products electronic typical electronic products and we had seen almost all these products involved in terms of analog signal processing functions amplification which is multiplication by a constant filtering which is mathematically equivalent to solution of differential equation. It can be transient or steady state oscillation which is nothing but solution of a second order differential equation with the first order term being absent that generates time mixing modulation demodulation phase detection frequency multiplication we saw all involve the simple act of multiplication by 2 variables that digital to analog conversion also can be multiplication treated as multiplication one variable is digital another is analog pulse width modulation is another way of multiplying amplitude with time with A to D conversion is nothing but comparison of continuous time voltage or current with a reference so that output is high or low the digital today will be dealing with a topic which is normally considered as the prerequisite for analog signal processing that is in networks and systems so networks and systems course you had undergone and that is a prerequisite for analog signal processing. Let us consider the topics in networks and systems which become relevant in analog signal processing 1 port network and 2 port network passive we have to understand passive networks how they are distinctly different from active networks what is it that characterises passive networks from active networks so these are the topics will be touching upon briefly as a revision of the prerequisite course material. So 1 port network for signal processing is the first topic that will consider review properties and signal process functions of linear passive active 1 port and then we will discuss the same thing with 2 port network. Network elements the basic network elements okay are the ones which are going to be touched upon passive network elements are not capable of power amplification that is why they are called passive active network elements on the other hand are capable of power amplification. Let us see these aspects later in the characterising these 1 port network elements what are the basic 1 port network elements which you have been already introduced to resistors capacitors inductors and diodes these are the passive network elements that all of you have been introduced to earlier 1 port active network elements on the other hand that give power amplification that are capable of power amplification the passive networks are not capable of power amplification. So that is basically a negative resistance independent current and voltage sources are also characterised as 1 port networks. 2 port network elements are 2 port passive network elements are which are common okay these are transformers and guiders again we will try to characterise this in terms of 2 port network parameters later. 2 port active network elements these are the most important things in analog signal processing these are called controlled voltage source controlled current source they can be controlled by again voltage or current. So these form 4 typical amplifier structures that are possible in electronics these are called amplifiers so these control sources are mainly called by us amplifiers. So these are the important topics which we are going to cover common terminology. So comparators these are not linear because input is analog output is digital. Control switches again they are not linear right on off control okay these switches are also going to be discussed multipliers multiplication of 2 variables voltages or currents or current and voltage or they need not be analog both they can be one analog another digital or both digital so all these combinations can do multiplying operation right. So these are normally called modulators demodulators so phase detectors so these are the operations they can perform these network elements are the ones that are going to be covered by us. So these are obviously the basic definitions of what forms passive network what forms an active network passive networks obviously comprise of only RLC and diodes active networks on the other hand can have negative resistance additionally coming apart from the passive components that are already included in the passive networks. Two port passive networks similarly comprised of RLC transformers and diodes and guiraters two port active networks on the other hand will comprise of amplifiers that are control sources and multipliers guiraters and transformers and all the other passive elements as well it is now considered the linear one port network as two terminals okay one port has two terminals where we can have input voltage and input current flowing through it but one of this only can be the independent variable the other becomes automatically the dependent variable. So if current is the independent variable that means if you are pumping in input current by using a current source ideal current source then voltage gets developed by the one port network if you are applying a voltage by using an ideal voltage source then current gets developed by the one port network. So how to characterize the one port network okay in terms of volt ampere relationship is what we are going to cover. So it is characterized by what is called imitance imitance means either admittance or impedance now depending upon what is the independent variable what happens is that if for example I is the independent variable this I into the Z is the output if this is the input variable output is current into impedance. So this impedance character is the one port if on the other hand V is the input variable that into Y is the output current so Y characterizes the one port and that admittance Y is the admittance can be frequency dependent depending upon the network. So Y of J omega S equal to J omega when you put as some real part plus imaginary part this is the conductance this is the susceptance. So if the conductance is greater than 0 then this network that we are considering as one port is called a stable network if on the other hand this conductance can become less than 0 or equal to 0 then it is an unstable network. So for example if this is greater than 0 right it can normally be formulated using only passive network whereas if it has to become less than 0 it is possible that this can happen with an active network inside the port network one port network elements let us therefore try to understand the basic elements that can exist in one port the first of all the resistor what is it that the resistor does it converts a current into a voltage if you pump in a current through a current source then output voltage appears as R into I okay if on the other hand if the input is a voltage it is the independent variable then output is current and then you call this same resistor as conductance it is inverse of R in a linear network okay G is 1 over R G is the conductance in expressed in Siemens whereas R is the resistance in ohms let us see pictorially how we can depict this relationship is called volt ampere relationship of the element resistor. So this is depicted in terms of a line passing through the origin with a slope equal to R that is the resistance value. So this is a linear resistance as long as it is having the same slope all over okay then it is a linear element same thing is depicted in terms of a conductance here okay where the input variable is a voltage and I is equal to G times V again the slope of this is indicated as G it only changes one variable into the other form current is converted to voltage or voltage is converted to current so it is just transforming one variable to the other so it is not significantly doing any great signal processing activity it is used primarily for attenuating voltage or current and also in later we will see data conversion operations in converting reference voltage into set of different voltages okay which are binary weighted capacitor this is one of the most important elements in analog signal processing we will see why this is the most important element it is doing an important operation if I is the independent variable then integral IDT is the charge collected by the capacitor that charge divided by C okay gives you the voltage across the capacitor. So it is doing what is called integration operation and integration operation is the fundamental operation involved in analog signal processing on the other hand the same capacitor if B is the input voltage to the capacitor then the current through the capacitor which is the dependent variable is CDB by DT it can be used as an integrated differentiator inverse operation of integration. So depending upon the input variable it can change its activity into integration or differentiation so this is the capacitor it can store energy one take resistor is only capable of dissipating energy okay in the form of heat whereas capacitor is an element that can store energy in the form of half CV square where V is the voltage across the capacitor. So this is a storage element inductor which is almost looking in terms of signal processing activity exactly like that of the capacitor only difference is V and voltage and current interchange and their roles if I is the independent variable then LDI by DT is the voltage across the inductor on the other hand if V is the independent variable I is equal to 1 over L integral V DT again it can be therefore used as differentiator or integrator based on what is independent variable and what is dependent variable. LI is the flux linkage in the inductor and half LI square it for stores energy in the form of electromagnetic nature and half LI square is the energy stored normally in present day electronics inductors are not preferred because for base band signal processing you will see that inductor size is enormous compared to the active devices which are may be transistors. So inductors are presently out of use in base band signal processing totally inductors exist only as sort of signal processing units at very very high frequencies of the order of diga hertz diode is a control switch will understand the diode characteristic as a switch presently current I is the independent variable in the forward direction when the diode is forward bias current is forced into it this way then the voltage across the diode which is the dependent variable is invariably 0 right. So the voltage is 0 in the case of a diode I greater than 0 V is automatically 0 okay V less than 0 in the reverse direction this is in the forward direction forward bias this is called in the reverse direction reverse bias direction V is less than 0 I is always equal to 0 this is what characterizes an ideal diode that is pictorially depicted here this corresponds to I greater than 0 and this corresponds to V less than 0 this is the characteristic of an ideal diode. So how is it a switch if you want the switch to be closed then we must pass through this diode f current in this direction if you want the switch to be open then a voltage has to be applied in the reverse direction so applying a voltage in the reverse direction opens the switch and applying a current in the forward direction closes the switch so that is why it is called a control switch two terminal element now we come to the important component which is active the previous four components are passive this component is the only component which is active in terms of one port what is it it is a negative resistance what is a negative resistance in the earlier positive resistance we had seen that the slope of the resistance was this way in the first and the third quadrant okay it is going whereas the negative resistance falls in the ideal negative resistance falls in the second and the fourth quadrant the slope is minus R so that is defined as an active device same thing can be considered if it is the voltage which is the input variable then minus G times V is the output current so we have this as negative resistance except that in practice if this negative resistance is embedded in a network comprising of positive resistances okay we will see that it can become positive the overall resistance can become positive this way that is it can become positive this way or it can become positive this way this is nothing but n type of negative resistance this is nothing but s type of negative this kind of thing we will see when we go to practical devices but this is the only way in a network when it is embedded with a negative resistance effective resistance can become positive this way or this way this we will remember one is called s type this looks like a letter s and this looks like a letter k so this is in summary what the negative resistance is capable of it is also negative conductance in c means now let us look at some of the practical utility of these basic elements forming a network one port network signal processing functions of one port networks now there are certain things which we are not supposed to do an ideal voltage source should not be shorted obviously if you try to have V as the independent variable you can create a current by having an impedance Z and Z is 0 okay means current goes to infinity so we have in this particular case V as the voltage source independent variable okay Vi that divided by Z when Z goes to 0 current goes to infinity so this is not allowed short circuiting a voltage source causes instability the current source I likewise if it is having an admittance as one port okay and the admittance goes to 0 then the voltage goes to infinity so the voltage going to infinity or current going to infinity okay is an unstable situation so you are not supposed to do this so obviously your tenance theorem is not applicable okay in terms of I mean converting source practical source from voltage to current or current to voltage okay the Nordern equivalent of a voltage source okay practical voltage source is not existing in the case of ideal voltage source okay and ideal current source as only Nordern equivalent no tenance equivalent so resistors convert voltage to current or current to voltage resistor or conductor they can be used in practice for building attenuators now practical source has a voltage in series with its internal impedance which is called the source resistance RS so we are connecting this resistance R as one port to it so then voltage at the terminal V naught becomes R by R plus RS and this N ratio attenuation is always less than 1. And if it is a current source shunted by an internal resistance RS then when R is connected to it RS by R plus RS is the attenuation of current and that is always less than 1. So it is useful as attenuator now the capacitors we have seen can be used for either integration or this is the integration okay as you pump current into the capacitor the output voltage is integral of current into DT divided by C or if applied voltage is the one that is of concern then I naught becomes C DVI by DT. So similarly the inductor acts as either an integrator of voltage or differentiator of current. Now what is the actual signal processing activity integration and differentiation if it is a sign function that you are feeding the sign gets converted to cosine function right. So a phase shift of 90 degree gets generated right and therefore it is called quadrature function that is a sign and cosine are quadrature functions right phase shift of 90 degree exist. Now if you put a combination of a source with capacitor ideal not ideal source non-ideal source with capacitor then let us see what it does it is nothing but a filter function II is the independent variable V naught is the dependent variable and therefore we have here a classic case of a filter a filter is nothing but differential equation it may be first order in this case order of the filter depends upon the number of independent reactive elements like capacitor or inductor that come in the network. So in this case there is only one capacitor so it is a first order network which simulates a first order differential equation. We see this the output voltage V naught by R is the current through the resistor and CDV naught by DT is the current through the capacitor so total current IS source current is going to be dependent upon this plus this right DV naught by DT therefore is equal to IS by C – V naught by RC this is a first order differential equation if you solve this you will get V naught by IS as a transfer function which is R by 1 plus SCR it is an impedance function first order impedance function. So this is nothing but a low pass filter right that means basically if you plot this function right as a function magnitude of this function as a function of omega S equal to j omega then you will see that this is at low frequency is equal to R and beyond a certain frequency that it gets decreased at 20 decibels per decade. So this is what it is R divided by 1 plus j omega CR magnitude which is R by square root of 1 plus omega CR square all these things are known to you right. So this is a low pass characteristic or it is a low pass filter function. Now let us do some modification to this to understand what exactly is going to happen if it is made active the previous network was passive network purely now by shunting it by means of a negative resistance of minus R1 negative resistance of R1 or resistance of minus R1 what happens to the first order differential equation we get V naught by R minus V naught by R1 plus CDV naught by DT equal to IS. So it is still a first order differential equation what can now happen is earlier all the coefficients were remaining positive now this coefficient of V naught can become negative by proper selection of R1 in relation to R. So this is what is going to be done next so the parallel combination of R with R1 is a single resistance R dash which is R R1 by R1 minus R so it can become positive negative R infinity. So if R is less than R1 okay then what happens is this becomes negative this no this is R is less than R1 this is still positive and therefore it is a low pass filter if R is greater than R1 on the other hand the transfer function as negative real power and the impulse response of this independent variable now what happens is earlier the solution was solution to this is going to be E to power minus T by R dash C into some a magnitude this is the solution to this. So whatever energy is put here decays exponentially this is a decay if R dash is positive if R dash is negative this whatever energy is put in this in terms of a voltage or current that keeps on exponentially increasing exponential decay means this is the decay from the initial value at T equal to 0 exponential growth is this that if R dash is negative it is exponentially growing it explores right. So the system becomes unstable such systems are not to be considered this is what we had already enunciated earlier in terms of admittance function having negative real part. So any admittance function that has negative real part causes the energy that is put inside that to explode okay become infinity. So it is unstable so integrator itself is unstable because at omega equal to zero this becomes infinity okay. So whether it is equal to zero or less than zero it is unstable as long as the negative real part is not existing or it is always positive real part the system has stable response the energy that is put inside the system always decays finally after the energy decays fully right it is again ready for its function right this is the transient response of such systems. So this is what happens in a first order network with active device incorporated in it okay. Let us now go to the most important one input network that we have to consider that is made up of resistor the passive element inductor okay capacitor and negative resistance. So this is these three are the passive components and we have the active device here. So just like the previous case this is another differential equation however this differential equation that is written with respect to V naught as the node voltage V naught by R is the current in this okay and 1 over L integral V naught dt is the current in the inductor CDV naught by dt is the current in the capacitor and the current in the negative resistance is this minus V naught by R1. So this is indicating a second order differential equation okay and it can be solved and V naught by IS now becomes the transfer function which is the impedance of this okay given input current input current into impedance gives the output voltage okay. So V naught by IS is the transfer function here which is an impedance function which itself is represented as SL by S squared LC plus SL by R dash plus 1 and this can be written in what is called normalised form okay this is 1 okay this is S by omega naught Q this SL by R dash is written as S by omega naught Q and this is S squared by omega naught squared. S by omega naught is called the normalised frequency S by omega naught is dimensionless and it is called capital S and that is called the normalised frequency the way okay this is the way it is normally written. So omega naught is called the resonant frequency 1 over root LC this is really called a tank circuit which can store energy okay depending upon the relative magnitude of R and R1 will let us see omega naught equal to 1 over root LC is the resonant frequency okay the capacity reactance gets cancelled with inductive reactance okay at this frequency Q is a parameter okay which characterises the second order system this Q is normally written as in control systems 1 over 2 zeta zeta is the damping factor right that by comparing the coefficients we can say Q is equal to R dash by omega naught L it is the relative magnitude of the resistance effective resistance R dash is a parallel combination of R and R1 with the reactive impedance omega naught L that is Q. So R R dash is into root of C by L it is let us see its response okay. Now this is going to be having 3 cases to be discussed if for example R is equal to R1 what happens is Q becomes actually infinity because R dash goes to infinity so Q becomes infinity Q is infinity so at omega equal to omega naught at resonance this whole function goes to infinity so that is the case of what is called oscillator this becomes a harmonic oscillator equation the coefficient of dv naught by dt goes to 0 so this is a second order differential equation with dv naught by dt coefficient going to 0 which is the harmonic oscillator equation that means it oscillates at a frequency omega naught 1 over root Clc right for R dash positive it is going to whatever energy is put in this capacitor or inductor decays in terms of oscillation if the Q is high okay it decays this is the solution to it this you had already worked out in mass right the solution of this it is a decaying oscillation right. If R dash is negative R1 okay R1 is dominating over R that is R1 is less than R then it is going to grow in magnitude oscillation is going to grow exponentially this is decaying exponentially at Q equal to infinity oscillation is sustained okay. So this is what is explained there in this slide now let us consider the example of building an amplifier using a negative resistance you have already seen the earlier application of negative resistance in the form of oscillator building or what is called a second order filter design that is a band pass filter or that is the previous one is also called a band pass filter it is the steady state solution results in a band pass action filter action okay. Now we will consider the negative resistance application for amplifier the problem given is design an amplifier using a negative resistance of a voltage gain of 10 for a voltage gain of 10 the voltage source as a source resistance of 1K and the load resistance is 2K so we have source resistance of 1K now that should be a voltage source it is a voltage source the symbol is wrongly indicated there. So we have a voltage source with source resistance of 1K having a load of 2K now we want to build an amplifier across this so we have to put a negative resistance across this minus R. So then the equivalent resistance with this 1K and 2K become 2 third K and minus R is the negative resistance so we have here minus R divided by minus R plus 2 third K which is represented as R by R minus 2 third K okay. So that is going to be multiplied by the 2 third 7 inch voltage 2 third VS okay and therefore the gain has to be made equal to 10 from which we get R equal to 5 by 7K as the answer. So if you have a negative resistance of magnitude 5 by 7K then the voltage gain is 10 that is how we have designed. So you can simulate this circuit with this kind of negative resistance and then see that it amplifies the voltage at this point across the load by a factor of 10. So we have the yeah this is what we have explained earlier that the earlier application is nothing but a resonant frequency filter which is a band pass filter with frequency of resonant as 1 over root LC and the bandwidth of omega naught by Q. So that will be represented normally that is the impedance function plotted against omega naught this is at 1 by root LC which is omega naught okay and this is the bandwidth which is omega naught by Q. So if this is the maximum you are going to 0.7 times the maximum here okay. So these are the 3 dB points and if you call this a delta omega then this is the bandwidth R 1 equal to R is a sine wave oscillator amplifier design of the negative resistance. We come to the last example that you are considering design a diode resistor 1 port network with VI characteristics as shown. This is what is called piecewise linear approximation to any non-linear characteristic that we would like to generate. So this is having a fixed slope up to 1 volt output okay for a 1 third milli ampere input okay the slope of this is equivalent to a resistance that we already seen right going in the first and the third quadrant with a constant slope through 0. So the resistance is 1 volt by 1 third milli ampere okay that means it is 3 kilo ohms. So let us try to solve this problem if you want to obtain this characteristics this 1 volt divided by 1 third milli ampere gives you 3K as the resistance to be put. So this is something that we can see we have current coming through this 1 port and across 3K okay it will develop the required voltage that we desire. So it will develop 1 third milli ampere I mean if you pump in 1 third milli ampere 1 volt will be developed across 3K that is it. Beyond that the slope has to change the changing of slope is brought about by bringing in another resistance in parallel with this 3K so that the slope gets reduced. So that the same current now passing through a parallel combination of 3K and the new resistance will create this slope okay. So the slope again can be computed this is 2 third milli ampere this is 1 third milli ampere so again 1 third milli ampere going this way okay for an addition voltage drop okay which is going to be 0.5 okay 1.5 here okay so this is 0.5 additionally so 0.5 got by 1 third milli ampere. So we can generate that kind of voltage by bringing in 3K okay this 3K is brought in parallel with this the moment the voltage goes to 1 volt this above 1 volt this diode conducts because other terminal is connected to 1 volt. So the moment the voltage goes above 1 volt the current through this is in this direction is getting forced and therefore the voltage across the diode is 0 okay. So this 3K comes in parallel with this 3K brings down the resistance to 1.5K. So we have the new slope now going okay up to the 1.5 volts at 1.5 volts we require the slope to become equal to 0 and that is facilitated the moment this voltage goes above 1.5 volts by any current flowing in this right. So that current forces the diode to conduct and maintains the potential here for all the higher currents at 1.5 volts. So this is depicted here up to this 1.5 volts okay this is new resistance that is brought in shunt with 3K manages the slope there after the slope becomes 0 the output voltage becomes constant independent of rest of the current okay because the rest of the current flows through that okay battery of 1.5 volts okay. So that is it remains constant same thing is depicted in the other direction by use of diodes in the reverse direction and voltages in the reverse direction you can see negative 1.5 volts negative 1 volt bringing in the additional 3K and this 1.5 volts okay in series with this bringing in this constant 1.5 negative voltage in this direction. So that is how we can obtain this piecewise linear okay combination of resistors okay to form a one port which can give you any non-linearity in terms of piecewise linear approximation. And this is commonly used for transforming for example a triangular wave input current okay into what we call as this kind of output voltage okay. This therefore can approximate a triangular periodic wave okay in time domain to almost a sine wave this is one of the common ways of converting a triangular wave form into a very accurate sine wave okay by piecewise linear approximations okay. So this is the last application for this lecture and after this will be discussing in the next class the two port network and its application like we did in the case of one port network and you see the power of signal processing just using the knowledge that we have gained in the previous course okay for analog signal processing application. So today's lecture we had discussed one port network elements basic network elements passive network elements like resistor, inductor, capacitor and diode and active network element negative resistance then we had seen the application of these elements their characteristics and their application in a variety of one port signal processing activities like building a net innovator building filter low pass filter band pass filter oscillator sine wave oscillator and a diode function generator to convert any periodic wave form to any shape that we desire.


Belarus joins the war against Ukraine. There are reports that missiles have been launched from the city of Baranovichi on the territory of Belarus to Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. Anton Gerashenko, advisor to Ukrainian Interior Ministry, wrote on Twitter today. Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko is a war criminal, like his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin, and he will be held responsible, the minister stated. Gerashenko says that Russia hit critical infrastructure objects during this airstrike. 18 private houses were damaged, rescuers are working at the scene. According to preliminary information, Kiev was hit by Russian Iskandar missile. According to other sources, it was Russian S-300 systems. It should be noted that Iskandar tactical missile systems and the S-300 systems that Russia has deployed to Belarus are fully prepared to perform their intended tasks. Russian Armed Forces launched another missile attack on the Ukrainian capital Kiev on January 14. A Russian missile attack hit critical infrastructure in Kiev on Saturday morning, and explosions rang out in the Dniprovsky district of the capital. A senior presidential official and other officials said, missile attack on critical infrastructure facilities. Details are being checked, said Kirill Tymashenko, deputy head of the president's office. Kiev's military administration said that an infrastructure facility had been hit, but did not specify which one. Explosion in Dniprovsky district. All agencies heading to the site, stay in your shelters. Kiev mayor Vitaliy Krychko wrote on telegram. He said the debris of a missile came down on a non-residential area in the Holisovsky district in the west of Kiev.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel and I appreciate you being here today. I bring this top five fortnight WTF epic and funny moments of the week But before we get into the video guys if you do enjoy leaving a like really does help me out And also if you have any amazing clips you send in send it into the email address linked within that video description Let's get straight into this top five in at number five. We have a clip sent in by LOL Hattie This one confuses the life out of me. How did he not die to his own grenade here in a number four We have a clip sent in by dimwit one two three four while his name says it all really In a number three we have a clip sent in by Ultima 116. Yes, you make that In at number two we have a clip sent in by Insanity b now What scares me is three brains behind the idea of building a base up there on the support of one platform In at number one we have a clip sent in by Duke Duke ask yourself this next time you play fortnight How many bushes do you see growing in the middle of your living rooms? But guys as the end is top five fortnight players of the week if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really does Help me out. Thanks as always for stopping by and hopefully I will see you on that next one


I am Muhtar Ahmad with the virtual university course MGT501 that is human resource management. And today we are here with our lecture number 14. Let's start our lecture today. Before we start our lecture, today's lecture, let me ask you one thing, how are we doing now? Till now we had a lot of sessions, almost 13, we have completed them, so there is no problem. Some people understand it, but we both have to play the role, you and I have to play it. If you keep trying, trying doesn't mean just trying, yes, serious trying. And if you still have some concern, write to us, ask us and then move forward. Let's start today. Today as I said it is our lecture number 14. So now we are getting close to our main subject. We have established good basis of the basic setup, basic concepts. Now we are moving towards specific area of the subject. So before moving forward, as usual, lecture number 13, the last lecture. Yes, keep this in mind, because it can happen that we start discussing something from between, just to see if you can recall those things or not. You should be able to discuss those things, you should be able to discuss on them and also the concept should be clear. In this stage, don't force yourself on your stage, conceive ideas, understand concepts and then move forward. Then things will be more clear and its application will be easier later.  Relate the specific human resource information system with the business information system or for that purpose we call it management information system or abbreviate it in the name of MIS. At the same time we have discussed a new concept of management which is called SWAT analysis. What is SWAT analysis? It is the combination of four words, at stand for, this is abbreviation of course, for strengths. What is SWAT analysis? If we are doing SWAT analysis of a person, then we are talking about that person's strength. If we are talking about a department, then we are talking about that department. If we are talking about a complete organization, then we are talking about the strength of that organization. What is SWAT? SWAT stands for weaknesses. Again this is internal thing. After that, O for opportunities and T for threats. You will remember that I have also tried to relate this concept with the environment, overall environment. If we study the environment, then external environment or internal environment or micro environment or macro environment, whatever. If we look at SWAT, then we are also talking about the same thing. Strength or weakness is the internal part, are the micro factors and opportunities and threats are the external environment part or the macro factor. What is this? When we are talking about SWAT analysis, it is the complete environment scanning. Then we looked at the strategic planning concept. And then I showed you this cartoon type of thing there, where two persons sitting, they are selling information. One is saying, take information, give one dollar. The other is saying, no. If you want, they can cost you five hundred dollars. Information is very important always, especially for the manager. Any person who has to make a decision, the more information he or she can have, the better option he can have for the decision making. So information has a huge amount of information. The world is full. So what will you see, what will you listen? If a system becomes like this, your specific information, the required information will be found. Don't you think it will be good? Then we understood the management information system. What is this system? This system comprises of people, the equipment, the technologies where they gather information, they manipulate those information, use those information, and then after analyzing, give those information to those people who make the decision and they are the managers, whatever level. We are talking about management information system, the top executive of the managers, the line manager, the decision maker. If we are talking about the human resource information system, of course it is the human resource manager. Even if we are talking about the accounting information, a financial information system, then it is the finance manager who needs those information to make the decision. Of course all those basic components, different information system, they combine together to form a business information system or ultimately management information system or wherever the required things are there, they help. What is its benefit? Its benefit is the speed, accuracy, in another sense it is efficient and effective. It is also convenient. That is why you are willing to pay extra for these information. And then we try to understand the human resource information system. And then we saw that as many as possible, a long list which should be mentioned, we shared with you that the human resource information system here helps you in monitoring, tracking, making a system, taking compensation, taking training development, any major function which is the basic function of 5 HR, or even the specific detail which you have discussed we play our function in that system and it helps you as a manager to make the decision. So I hope the things are clear, right? Let us move to today's topic. And that is what? Now we are moving toward our own subject, the human resource. So first part is the job analysis. So today we will look at the job analysis. We will try to relate it, why we are doing all this? So job analysis is a basic human resource tool, the basic tool. We will go to the end and see what the outcome is. What is the benefit of job analysis? Studying and understanding job through process known as job analysis is a vital part of any HR program. In simple words, job analysis is knowing who does what. Who wants to do this? We design jobs for that. Based on our analysis, looking at others, what are the other people doing? What is the reason for this? Why do you want to do that? If we look at the broader spectrum, then you get major duties, activities required to perform a particular job. And the environment in which the job analysis works, that you can figure out through this job analysis. What is a job, by the way? To understand this, we will have to look at a few more terminologies. These are related. Work, what is work? What is task? What is career? All these are some bookish definitions. But if you keep looking at them, then things will become more clear for you. What is work? A definition is written here. Efforts directed toward producing are accomplishing the results. I still recall when we were your age, we used to do work definitions in physics. When you apply force, we call action and action as work. So work is basically the same. If the efforts directed toward the producer are accomplishing, some results will say it is work. But it is important to have some work in return. Some action, some results are oriented, then we will say it is work. What is task? What is task? A distinct, identifiable work activity composed of motion. Is it related? Similarly, duty. Will this also come again and again? I thought, why don't I just put some basic definitions here. Firstly, you will have a record. Secondly, you may be able to understand things. So what is duty? A larger work segment. Composed of several tasks. You have to perform this particular duty. You may have different tasks in it. And for a person, your duty is my duty. It is the duty of ABC. So he has to do this. So in his duty, different tasks are combined which one person has to perform. What is responsibility? An obligation to perform certain tasks and duties. So responsibility is an obligation to perform certain tasks and duties. So what is your responsibility as a student? Yes. You have to work hard. You have to listen to your lectures. You have to exercise. Different tasks that comprise your duty to perform. That is your responsibility. And what is my responsibility as an instructor? I have to prepare lecture. I have to prepare slides. I have to provide you notes. I have to answer your queries. So I am also having certain set of tasks to be able to fulfill the responsibility. So this is another term. Position. Set of tasks and duties performed by single individual. What position are you in? Like I am at a position of an instructor. You are sitting there in the position of a student. So what is your job? Group of positions that are identical with respect to their major significance. A comprehensive book has a definition. I have defined it in two simple forms. That will be more clear. What is occupation? General class of jobs. Now I am a teacher. What profession am I in? Teaching. I can be an instructor. I can be a grader. I can be a course designer. So I have to perform different types of jobs. I can be an administrator of an academic institution. So that is your occupation. Then is career. A sequence of jobs held by an individual throughout life time. That is career. How did you, like in our education institution, we start with junior lecture, lecture. Then you go to assistant professor, associate professor, professor and so on. So that is the career. What is the job description? A written statement which describes the activities performed by individual that include about equipment, even use for that particular job. Or what working condition are we talking about? To perform a particular job, what assignment do you have to do? What condition do you have to do? How do you do that? That is your job description. Now these are new terms for you. Job description, job specification. In the next few lectures, we will discuss them in detail. I just understood a little bit of this concept. So we might do some practice of writing job description or specification. I will ask you to do that. So what is the job description? What do you describe? What do you have to do? How do you have to do it? What condition do you have to do it? After that, job specification as I said. It is seen that the person who has to perform this job what abilities should be there? Knowledge, skills and ability of that person who will be performing that particular job. KSA abbreviates it for Human Resource Management. K stands for knowledge. S for skills and A for abilities. Other physical condition is required for a particular job. High side is required for this type of job. That is your job specification. I have told you that these are both new things. Job description, specification. We will try to cover in the next few lectures. So these were some definitions that are used in related terminology with job or job analysis. I have shared them with you. So what is job again? Grouping of tasks, duties or responsibility that constitute the total work. Assignments for employees. That is the job. Over a small size for a simple form. A job is a set of closely related activities carried out for pay. So now I believe this term job is clear to you. Let us move forward. Then what is job analysis? We saw a simple form in the beginning. Job analysis is a systematic process of collecting and making judgments about all the important information related to job. A systematic study, a systematic process of collecting information, making judgment about all the important information related to a particular job. That is job analysis. Now we will go and see why we do this. What is the benefit of this? It helps you especially in human resource management capacity. And this analysis of job should include what? Task, duties, you have to identify what particular task he or she has to perform when you are creating a job. When you are deciding a job. Then you have also identified the basic KSA. Knowledge, skill, and abilities. Required to perform that particular job. Now this is not possible. As I told you, for example the programmer. Now the programmer should have a basic concept of how to do computer programming. He or she should have a language tool in C, Java or something else that she has to do programming. There should also be abilities in it. Now how does skill come? With experience, with practice. These are the three things that you have to identify for a particular job. But it should match with those particular tasks he or she is supposed to perform. Now a vehicle's mechanics are very good. He has knowledge, skill, and abilities but that is for the mechanical part. Not necessarily that he is a good programmer. Similarly, he is a good programmer. He has a very good language. He writes good programs. He integrates them. He knows all the steps that he has learned in the classes. But not necessarily that he or she should be able to fix your TV or VCR. Those abilities, knowledge, skill that relate to that particular job or task that he or she has to perform. And reasons why we want to conduct job analysis for a staffing purpose. Because we have to go and hire people. Unless I know what kind of position do I have what kind of jobs I have to perform. I have to get it performed from others. How can I get good person? Are the right person for the right job? Similarly, for training development. When you know that job position then the person I have kept for that his training development is in that area. Now I cannot say let's again give the example of a programmer that I give him training to go to space.  Then, compensation and benefits. If the proper job, and you will see at the end of today's lecture what is the outcome of job analysis. There is also a job evaluation. Its worth. What is the worth of this job? So the job analysis makes you want to see the worth of it. How do you compensate this particular job that you are performing? Based on whatever task he or she is performing with what qualification, skill, knowledge all these things will guide you to decide the compensation. This is also a reason for you to do job analysis for compensation. So any other reason? Can you think someone? Any other reason? That is why we do job analysis. Now you should participate for safety and health. Now you will say, what is the difference? Yes, when you see a job then what condition it is working in. And according to that condition according to that environment you might have to decide special safety procedures there. You have to apply there. Some are working with chemicals that can be effected. Others can be diseased. For that you will help that yes, I have to create such and such jobs but since it requires certain safety and health requirements so that will help you there. So here also this can also be a reason. What kind of implies and labor relationship will be there? How much is fixed in hierarchy there? In this particular job the one who is performing will be responsible for the social part of the organization. This also helps you in your analysis. Similarly legal consideration. You don't want to end up with a legal problem. So with proper analysis and then deciding accordingly you will be also responding to the legal issues. So what part are you in? Come on. The reasons for job analysis are there. So let's start. Let's see what is next then. Types of job analysis information. The same thing is said in a slightly different way so that things are clear for you. Read it first otherwise you won't be able to sleep. Read it first because some concepts are clear. Along with this you clear it very clearly. Drink water. Let's start. Work activities you see. They collect information. Worker oriented activities related to workers you see that too. And what machines, tools to perform that job are required. Equipments. What help do they need? What facilities to perform the work well? That job can be performed well. So for this job analysis helps you. Then sometimes there are some tangible and intangible things which are also required to perform a particular job. Now tangible and intangible words are very easy. The dictionary should pass. Tangible which you can feel, touch, intangible which you can feel in such that you cannot touch it. It is not in reality. So such job related activities, motivational factor, environment then there is equipment, tangible. This is a laptop, this is a tangible thing. This also helps you in job analysis. How do performers see it? If a particular job has been performed properly or not? That also helps you in job analysis to decide the performance indicator. Whether a person is performing when you will start that job and that job is being done at your place. How can you make sure that the performance was good? In the same process when you did job analysis you will have information that which indicators are there? Which performance related indicators are there? That will help you to figure out that the job was performed properly. What is the content of the job? And the personal requirements of the job? What should that be? So all these information you are collecting they will help you in future if you are creating a new job or it will help you if you are changing the present job even. So there are certain questions any job analysis should be answering. Someone has done job analysis about any job. One basic question that analysis should answer what are those basic questions? What physical and mental task does the worker accomplish? To perform that particular job what physical and mental task activities do the worker have to do? If he is already doing a job somewhere else when does the job have to be completed? Should there be a time frame then he will reply that analysis that data, that information you have gathered for this particular job and where is the job to be accomplished? In which particular environment, on which particular machine, on which particular circumstances that particular job will be accomplished or done? How does the worker do the job? You have to insert the cassette into the CD drive. This is also a task. How to turn on the computer? Similarly, if you think of those type of things at the largest scale in a big factory, on a big equipment even sometime like specialized tasks where someone has to fly the plane to file it. Everyone has learned, they know that there is so much training, but still first of all, you have to turn on this button then you have to check the meter then you have to check the temperature then you have to check the gauges the digital gauges you will see there. Then how you go with the step by step. If someone has done a job analysis then you have all this detailed information. Next. And why is this particular job done? What is the relationship with the others? Because none of these jobs are isolated jobs. Every job has other jobs other activities have links with them. To understand that linkage and what qualification what skills, knowledge skills, abilities do you want to perform this job? This question should also be answered. Now, next topic is job analysis decency. What is the procedure? You have to make certain decency. What are those? What types of information will be collected? You will do a little narrow down for these people. By the way, do not pick up and go or take information about this job. Yes, we will go ahead and in the next lecture we will study the techniques of job analysis. There is also an observation that you go and just watch how people are performing job. An idea, what is the limitation? What are the boundaries? First, the science. What type of information will be collected? 2. How will the information be collected? I have told you that there are different types of job analysis. Techniques used. In the next lecture we will read these techniques in detail. You use a diary system you use an observation system you use a questionnaire system you use different people who are already working and collect information from them. Different kind of techniques you can use to go for job analysis. Any other? Let us see. Yes, how will the information be recorded or documented? The information you are collecting or whatever whether it is observation or what what will be the methodology of how to record and present it. That is also the decision as a manager you have to make when deciding for the job analysis. When job analysis is performed when you are supposed to do the job analysis? Will you do it every time? Will you do it sometimes? There is a special even time where organization people especially human resource management have to perform job analysis. Yes, there are certain specific times when you are supposed to go for the job analysis and they are when the organizations are founded. Let us see you are opening an institute you want to make your own software someone thought that I want to do this business. Now he or she has to figure out what kind of work I will lose here. Let us see you are launching an institution you make a hospital logically you should not only be a doctor you need more people you need people who record keeping for you you need people who help you you have to have a task there to take care of your maintenance. There are some other tasks like phone operator you have to keep someone on the reception, you have queries you have to answer them. So many different tasks you can imagine you can have all those information before time. So technically when you have a new organization established that is the time people have to do job analysis. That is it? No. When new jobs are created even in the existing organization even you do job analysis when new jobs are created even in the same profession or even if you are bringing something new still you have to go for job analysis. What else? As we have discussed technology is changing change is coming with very fast speed along with the change you have to adjust your institution has to adjust your organization too has to adjust I use it again and again change as environment change otherwise you are finished. If you are not responsive if you are not smart enough so what is going to happen? You will become history and other other competitors will take over and they will be the leading in the market. So for that you have to be alert. So even on that smoke even in this situation jobs are changing technology is changing method procedure is changing so again you have to go for job analysis to make the adjustment to decide new procedures to decide new job description to decide new job specification and so on. In the beginning when we started this lecture I told you one or two points why we want to do job analysis after understanding after discussing let's go a little bit in detail and see where we can use job analysis where this job analysis will help us big picture as I told you in the beginning this is the basic HR function job analysis you perform all the HR activities based on job analysis you will go for the human resource planning and then you will also decide about the recruitment the proper job analysis will also help you to go for the proper and right selection process till you don't know what is the job how to do what skills abilities and knowledge are needed what is the environment how can you do the right selection so this will also help you for the selection process in human resource job analysis also helps you in HR development so when we are deciding about the development human resource development in the organization that job analysis also help us will help us to proceed for that not only this but even job performance which you have called performance appraisal you can't do it properly till you have done job analysis in which you don't know how do you perform performance appraisal you want to see whether a person is performing right or not I have already discussed this point of course this performance appraisal is a separate subject we will be discussing later on in later lectures one evaluation one developmental evaluation is the present system let's see how it works any person you do the human resource when you do the performance appraisal when will it happen when you have a baseline who will compare it and how the baseline was decided when you did the performance appraisal or when you did the job analysis you had that criteria on the same basis you want to do the performance appraisal so this job analysis is also helping human resource department to go for this performance appraisal the major activity they are doing in the organization similarly the compensation and benefit this job analysis will also form a basis for you to compensate or decide about the benefits of the health and safety we have already discussed similarly implies labor relationship HR research for all those HR related activities this job analysis will provide or give you the basis to go for those activities so this is the basic step the basic point from where you have built the human resource management process so things are getting clear right now we have discussed all the job analysis that is the same importance on the same basis this series is considered important but still the job analysis will provide you as a manager a realistic job informations about duties, working condition and requirement for that particular job these are repeated repeatedly so these are the things that should be cleared from your Zen your Zen should be cleared the purpose of being cleared is not to forget so you must have seen in your textbook to explain any point he is giving a reference sometimes he is presenting a case sometimes he is telling a situation what is the logic behind that think should be crystal clear in your mind the reader who is reading should not be confused in any point otherwise he would have multiplied so first the important the job analysis because of this you get realistic information about the duties you need working condition and the other requirements apart from that it will identify relationship between supervising and subordinate the line or staff relationship we have discussed in a lecture how it will be established who is responsible for this particular job and who is responsible to him or her what relationship will be developed who is responsible for their job and who is responsible for them this is also a job analysis you can get it will help you to define duties and related tasks this is important time required to perform this particular duties these are people who will do analysis to make this people who use this time they also call it benchmarking when you compare with the standard then the benchmarking the point is also there you can imagine how long this particular task can be completed again this is important because that will give you a baseline to decide about the training, career planning and career development of your employees because when you decide their duties the benchmark is standard then you will decide about the training of your employees their career path so that they should move toward their career development so with that purpose it is also very important the purpose of giving stress is that the foundation will go from here and the base will be your human resource activities so it should be very much cleared in your mind what else? the worth of the job you can decide this is very important step or process we call it job analysis so you help the organization to determine what is the worth of this particular task or job performance what is the salary to perform what is the wages to decide that is also important and it is also strategically important that you do the job analysis where it is strategically important let us give you a situation as I said so many time that things are changing so according to that those changes organization has to also adjust themselves so organization is strategic let us see organization decide Kaliya that they have to change in their strategic they have now new direction new vision, new mission, new strategy or new goal for that purpose for that goal then organization can have strategic plan properly the new change for that changes in way the organization operate can also be expected normal thing now you see if the computer was there what is the direction now you see where is the typewriter first the files moved bunch of files people carry and they go to one office from one office to another office now you are sitting on your office computer working on some issue or agenda or topic or any case of your organization and if you want to send all those information to somebody of your subordinate or your boss for your advice comments you just attach the file and mail it to that particular person and without any delay if the system is efficient the concerned person will read it give his or her comments and send you back see the system is changed and if system is changed now you also you can see the changes in people skill skills required for particular job now those who had to write comments on the file those who had to give their recommendations now they should come to computer now they should mail now they should retrieve now they should even have to improve their writing skills because when you are now you are sitting at your computer you are supposed to write yourself earlier your sector was doing the same thing for you so see strategically this job analysis also very effective why because in this situation change in organizations strategic goals see why I say we change IE strategic goals change currently when strategic goals are changed so naturally operational level operational level can there be changes now if you have a change in the operational level Swiss mean there is change in the people skills required now now you have to adapt in different ways for that that will results in again different job description and job specification and how you will get those things how you will determine those things of course with job analysis so this means job analysis also very important when we are talking about strategic management because see environment change agnation goal change working condition change way of working so again job analysis will help you to decide about new job description and specification so that is the importance of job analysis any question so far do you have any question please do ask us if the question is not there it means two things either I am studying very well which is probably not good no one can be so good no one can be so good so both things are bad unrealistic do ask questions write to us so that things should be clear from the beginning but it is not a simple question if you will study then you will go ahead let us move what are the steps of job analysis step number one as I said in the beginning you have to decide how to collect information this is the first step the information you will review the background of information you want to collect after that which position you want to collect and then you will collect the data to analyze the job actually you do that after that the information you have recorded they will review with the manager they will discuss and then based on those information you will describe the job description and specification so that is how you go for job analysis I will show you a small model of job analysis see three things job context job content worker requirements and from where from these type of things you will collect information and you will write job specification a description when we talk about job context there is an assembly working on the line there is a particular environment for that there are particular requirements and content to assemble the boxes now to do that you need specific knowledge skills and abilities that was just one example to share with you so that you should understand how job analysis you can use the information by separating these things for your job description what will be the outcome of all these processes of your job analysis whatever process you have adapted from where you took the information what should be the what is the logical outcome of job analysis those are the same the outcome will be job description yes what is the work how to do what is the equipment after that job specification what kind of skills knowledge abilities are required what other characteristics are required to perform that particular job and to decide the worth of that particular job that is the job evaluation these are three outcome one can get from any job analysis stop it here I think enough for today let's see what we have covered today we have explained job analysis which is a basic human resource tool why do we do it when do we do it what is the outcome of job analysis that was our today's topic what is next as I said we have to go a little bit more about job analysis in which we have to look at techniques we will cover them and the other things we are doing with that we will cover the job description specification so we will stop it here today but again must go through your text must read the notes attached with this virtual university lecture work hard and I can believe that you will make a difference thank you take care


All right, good afternoon cyber traders welcome on back here this Tuesday I'm post traders talk Tuesday edition of our afternoon meeting great to see all of us here live at least Mark Ravina Just a moment ago chatting with you both Nicholas and Scott and Michael as well folks Just let me just get a quick sound check just to begin make sure I'm good to go across the cybergroup room Believe I'm good to go on YouTube Facebook live and Twitter all of our social streams So good to see everyone there from Jeff Brian Mark Andre perfect. There we go. I always like to say if I got one Of us. I got all of us if I see like one of us right L slash C It's like all right. I got all of us right but nonetheless great to see all of us here though, right Ron and Bill included So hopefully everyone's doing good here market is grinding on up It's been more of a drag across the day But you know nevertheless though perhaps we're seeing a nice little squeeze back up higher going into not just this afternoon But going into the Fed meeting which is going to conclude tomorrow so, you know, there's some talks about lowering the increase of the interest rates coming up your head and You know not just that but also coming up I think not just tomorrow, but the day after tomorrow on Thursday The euro the euro Fed meeting basically is happening. It's the ECB I think it's called, you know, they're meeting again much like the US Fed does and they're looking to decide their interest rates So, you know, it's gonna provide a lot of volatility throughout this entire week So we'll see what's in store for us here, but AI at least, you know, at least on the screen to begin It's up over 27% making a strong push back up once again today It's one that we had called out from Friday the end of last week made a big pop for us back then and then You know, although it pulled back yesterday as you could see it actually built like the perfect Fausto flag where the Low squeezed up and the highs ended up containing itself But as soon as it broke back over 18, you know seemingly ended up taking off So really nice move on the AI trade going into the close here Yeah, I know most of us will be a Fausto in class in the phase 3 stock course class So, you know, I know that Rich will look to repost that link in a moment, but they'll definitely be focused on this AI trade I feel like my job security is in danger if I don't put this AI trade on our list here to start I said my joke with that obviously like I'm not we're all good But no, but seriously, it's a great trait to follow. It's pulling back off the highs now So you want to make sure this could build support higher low from here Not just, you know, the move up just before but let's see higher lows over time You know, I was private chatting one of our students a moment ago and I was telling her like, you know Hey, right now. This is not the best time to be trading So there's gonna be some pops and moves that we're gonna go over that of course rad midday But you know, we know the best time to be trading is not until three o'clock if not 330 So saying that I mean to see higher lows build a lot of volume got filled here off the ask right off this 2075 also 2085 You know, that could be some short volume coming in So if it ends up holding under that price, perhaps it makes a bigger shake lower heading into the close So that's what I'd be careful of. You know, you don't want to catch the falling knife on this trade as well Look to see if 2050 could hold perhaps if not 50 then maybe it pulls back a little chart level here right off of 2045 roughly, but it's been testing that for a little while already So the more kind of needles that as support it's bound to break it So, you know, you don't want to have it give out too much from here So I'll put this on our list to start, but we'll see what else we could add, right? All right, so if I was to his class coming up at 3 p.m. Eastern time again We'll post the link for that in a moment, but we got to be quick, right? We'll go from top to bottom and really this is where like I joked around with this Maybe a week or two ago on one of these meetings But it was a semi joke and much more of a like real kind of saying than a joke actually But you know for anyone that suffers from traders dyslexia here I mean geez you have MSgm number one gainer up 600 plus percent now is up over like 850 percent, you know across the mid-morning and then number two you have M GAM so, you know, don't get those two mixed up obviously two completely separate companies But you know, I don't know why they're both running. I would assume the MSgm had news out in pre pre market I didn't even care to check. I think rich posted the news out on that actually early this morning as well So I knew it's out on that one, but Mgam. Why am I asking about this? Well? Because I'll tell you like if there's no news on this stupid Mgam, you know what happened then It's not just some random short squeeze Like day traders Legitimately purposely pumped this stock up if there's no news out on it because it had a very similar name to MSgm Like that's the only reason so just checking the news right now From last week on the 24th one week ago There is news and no longer faces a delisting on the Nasdaq, but that's seven days ago a little late there, right? So perhaps it could be in relation to that news, but also because of M sgm right so it's saying that at least you know, they're not gonna perfectly move in in sympathy here in in Correlation, but we'll look to see if this could flip 250 back into support. It was lingering above it just a moment ago I just made a nasty shake just as I turned back to this trade actually so Mgam I'll put on her list the MSgm This is not looking too good. The order book is so thin as it was earlier There was a legit setup on this trade earlier off of nine bucks and we had talked about that in our traders talk workshop earlier today But was saying that once it moves up and you miss it You don't want to get stuck like just on the top of the roller coaster, right?  I don't know 668% here. So the more it moved up I certainly sat on my hands there right ended up squeezing all the web towards the high off of 2750 2760 that is you know, is it possible to pop up one more time? Maybe you know if it does I'm sure Fausto will be more client to follow it then in class But you know, I'd rather look to follow the more liquid go cheaper, too, but the more liquid Mgam trade. I'm not following this That's for sure. That's a buyout Let me keep it going HILS not doing a whole lot right now for us pass on that to sober Finally, this thing's making a better move. I mean, I shouldn't say finally I guess it's been moving up since the you know early afternoon, but no it ended up popping early in pre-market I thought there's gonna be a lot more to it then completely fell apart So, you know once it just makes that instant dump off right away after just alright I won't move on from it sucks But and you know from that point took a while to actually make a respectable move, right? I mean it popped after the open but it took a while to re break resistance off of 150 And from that point at least it's been pretty nice to us So you know sober I'll put back on our list here so BR It's one that we ended up trading just like maybe a few months ago Yeah back in like late September, you know October of last year ran out for us really nicely So, you know if this stock makes a fraction of the run that it may first back then we'll be content and we could certainly say It's already done that now So, you know if it ends up pushing up any higher look for two bucks to be that next major resistance Still looks pretty strong. So for right now, we'll put this on our list Let's see what else we got here. Otherwise CNTX I'm not expecting much from that one. We'll kind of skip it DPR. Oh, it's at the highs Familiar name, that's why I clicked on it and Pali to actually I didn't realize Pali was up as much over 43% Geez I missed out on this run completely I got back to my desk around 2 p.m. But ended up taking like a small walk even after from that point So ended up missing out on some afternoon runs here, but it's been a great day of all together So from pre-market to now, it's been phenomenal Hopefully more left for us here. So Pali actually getting to this first You know ended up sharply pulling back down there after that pop, but it still looks pretty strong for the meantime I'll put this on our list too. Also a former runner ended up popping for us back at the end of last year And then it was also more from the beginning of last year if not mistaken I thought at one point over the last year or so maybe I'm losing track of my days But I know for a fact we ended up trading Pali and I had to have been back from the end of last year, but So many stocks right lose count of them Pali We definitely ended up trading over the last year or so So we're familiar with the stock at least decent order book, but I want to spread to close in a bit more All right, so going back to DPR. Oh Happy I actually made that switch first there So getting back to DPR.  No possible. I'll put this on our side list right now Not a fan of the big shake down per se. All right.  I don't know if it's off of earnings or not I'm gonna assume. Yes, either way We're not gonna focus as much on the news as we'll focus on the strength of the stock on the one-minute chart Looking at least the you know levels that the stock is trading off of so seems to be still holding on under like 522 ish 523 ish maybe even a size 525 But no, we'll find out to see if there's a bigger order popping up here momentarily to create that resistance level But looks like from the chart generally was holding underneath like 525 524 ish there throughout the morning So it still looks relatively strong. I don't mind putting this just on the back end of our main list Got LAC this stocks been really strong throughout the day But now at this point kind of making lower highs off the big 25 level there So seems like that run may be over for the time being Yeah EH get it. Yeah No, but the stock is like kind of creeping back up against it towards the highs I Just I wish it was trading a little bit more volume on the order book more volume altogether per minute But let's see what else is out there. I am UX last one here from the gainer side And we'll hop over to the losers list so not much happening on this either All right So folks if there's anything moving with the market or perhaps No, at least up a decent amount even if it's not up that you know 10% 5% that I normally strive for I type it in the chat board. Let me know. I know there's some companies coming out earnings post market So if there's anything that still looks pretty strong at least here on the chart Let me know and I know AMD was one of those a whole bunch of crap on the loser side here And I got to just do my job right I got to go through this You know normally it's easier for me to kind of skim across the losers list here Not as much opportunity not not only because the markets are at the highs right now and moving up But I mean that's a that's a big reason why but you know, it's just to say at least a lot of these stocks are hard to borrow They're normally just too cheap or trade little volume. So I kind of gloss over this list here But I got to go through it a couple ETFs not not much looking too tempting from from this loser side Actually, not much whatsoever. I mean on BuzzFeed here. I have it up on the screen now to 18 I marked as a historical level, you know from the daily chart That could be something to watch coming up tomorrow or later on today If it really drops fast it makes that test soon But you know that could be something to watch come tomorrow potential swing trade actually on on there on BuzzFeed look to see if it could build that support if not like 218 off the nose Then you know, maybe around 210 to 218 that could be something to keep a good eye on there Oh Something to keep a good eye on right now folks that AI trade pulled back to that 2050 level But it did it did not make that big bound shortly after ended up dropping all the way through 20 under and over So that's like I guess our next big level to watch on this trade. It's ready on our list We'll keep it there. Just want to give you the heads up on the shake From Mark thoughts on a firm AFR M I like the daily chart approaching multi-day highs I Mean you can say the whole market is still trending upward, right? Just to say at least here and it's still in You know training up pretty nicely just going up towards the high that we had back from Friday last week And that was last week's high all together So, you know, that's actually a pretty strong level to keep an eye on roughly around that 1650 As far as a day trade going to the close I'll put it on our list because it looks good and string a lot of volume per minute It has all the good stuff that we call tradable But I feel like it could be more of a grinder going into the close unless if the markets make a stronger push altogether So I do I hope I'm wrong with that and if it ends up making the push over 1650 I'd be glad to you know expect continuation and perhaps at a faster rate but You know really from this point forward every second counts every minute counts Don't want to sound so intense every second counts But you know really every every minute counts from this point forward So that's why we that's why we want to start with stocks that are near the highs at the highs Trending up towards the highs, you know that show strength. So, you know that that's what we want to kind of focus on here It's it's a good stock to keep an eye on for right now All right, folks, we're gonna wrap up here in the meantime actually before I do pardon me Let me just check Benzinga pro my scan here myself. I asked you and check myself So got a couple here actually This will pop on SI. I forgot to go over this. I know that Richard called this one out earlier So let me just check the news on this SI trade. I didn't really see for myself before So SI shares moving higher black rock reports passive stage in amended to 13g filing I will not act as if I know what a 13g filing is Obviously, that's a nice reaction up perhaps, you know showing a stake in the company Is that the case may be increasing their position in the company? Either way ended up leading to a pretty strong bullish reaction on this trade I don't have book map open for this. You know what? I'm gonna just take a little bit more time Well, I'm at it We'll go through book map here on this trade. I like the move I haven't really focused on this much until right now. So, you know, we do have class ahead, but There's a good time to at least show level four for a stock here So, you know made a huge pop-up off the news announcement there with black rock tested a big iceberg off the 1450 Obviously held false breakout pulled back held the VWAP really well And now it moved back up and over a big level there at 14 It was kind of stati staticky around there beforehand. So, you know, this will go one of two ways one or three ways It's either gonna have enough legs right now to just explode It's either gonna pull back to 14 and test support then explode or it is going to crash right back below 14 And that is the end of the run. So for right now, I would expect resistance to turn into support I would look for 14 to become that level. So, yeah, I'll put si on our list I'll separate it from AI because literally on a Q wordy keyboard. You got the a next to the s AI si Whole bunch of traders dyslexia today, right? Plus I got fat fingers. So I don't want to mess up All right, what else we got here other will back book map here Yeah, getty gety. I mean hey relatively well-known company getty images You know all those famous photos that you see HD quality photos. He has a little getty slap on it water watermark So that we were following this off an IPO actually from last year and tanked So this could be a good short squeeze Kennedy at some point. I just wish the order book told them a lot more We're getting that pull back now in the si trade keep that in mind All right, so folks, I'll tell you what we're gonna pass on getty We'll add si in total we got two four six seven different stocks to work with going into the close You know for all of a sudden social media Facebook live or YouTube if you have any questions before joining us here live If you're more than free to shoot me a quick email Josh at C2 trading comm always like to post that at the end of these streams I always know that we have just new members joining us here each and every day So, you know if you're interested in taking a step further joining us weekly inside our live trading room You can just go right down to the link on the green banner below the stream right there to get yourself started We got a bunch of new trial members joining us here this week. So welcome on a board I saw Thomas and Brandy I saw William and Ellen and Ezekiel. I believe that is just a moment ago Lorraine and Jack and Charles great to see you all We have ravina as well not ravina s platinum student, but we have ravina our trial members also welcome aboard all of us here Well, hey if you have any other questions as well for all of our trial members students alike you folks obviously know where to find me I'll be here in the chat board all throughout the remainder of the day up until the closing bell I've got a couple of coaching calls up beyond with some students one-on-one Hopefully a nice market for all of us here together. I'm still pretty hungry for a nice trader, too It's been a good day, but hey, we'll see what's ahead all right folks. So I look forward to it I'll talk to you all just coming up in a moment. Take care


I'm with Julie Zoller, who has taken over the ITU Council chairmanship for 2016. She also leads multilateral ICT policy at the US State Department. Julie Zoller, welcome to ITU. Thank you very much. Julie, you've really worked so much with ITU. You've participated in many conferences, like the World Radio Communication Conference. What would you say is the main focus of ITU Council 2016? ITU Council is the governing body between plenty potential conferences. And so one of its main focuses is dealing with governance issues. For example, ITU Council this year will approve the rolling operational plans, look at the expenditures and budget, review the reports of the internal and external auditing committee and the independent management advisory committee, and so on. But ITU Council also deals with matters of substance. And one of the most important things this Council will do is set up an experts group for the review of the International Telecommunication Regulations. This is a task given to Council by the Plenty Potentiary Conference in 2014. What are the other key areas that will be addressed by ITU Council? Well, ITU often looks at its timeline in the form of world conferences. And as you know, last year we had the World Radio Communication Conference, which was a great success. We allocated spectrum for mobile broadband. We made provisions for the next generation of aviation unmanned aircraft. We settled spectrum for global flight tracking and made decisions on a number of important satellite issues. ITU Council this year will determine the date and the venue for the 2019 World Radio Conference and also for the WTDC that will take place in 2017. As well, we will discuss preparations for the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly that takes place later this year. What about gender balance? Is that an area of importance? Absolutely. I'm an engineer, and I started working. I don't even want to say how long ago. And gender balance has always been very important to me. When I was on the Radio Regulations Board. You were the first woman to take on the Radio Regulations Board. I was. And in 2006, though, however, there were two women elected, myself and Martine Limadine from France. I was the first woman to chair the RRB. But this year we have, again, a woman chair of the Radio Regulations Board. And you're the third woman to take on ITU Council chairmanship. Yes, I am. And I'm really grateful to be able to have this opportunity. And one of the things I would say to women as they consider their career path and their aspirations is look ahead and think about what you would like to be doing. Build the skills, and then ask for support for doing it. Ask to take a chairmanship. That's what I did for the ITU Council. I realized at the 2014 Plenty Potentiary Conference that it was the America's Region Turn for Council. And so I asked my region if they would support me. And thankfully they did. That's excellent. There's a global focus on connectivity. What would you say is the role of ITU in achieving this? ITU plays a key role because it's the International Telecommunication Union. And connectivity starts with providing broadband service and internet access to the whole world. The Connect 2020 Initiative at the ITU is very important in that regard. It's fully embodied in the strategic plan of the union. And I will also say that my administration is very much in support of connecting the next $1.5 billion. We developed the Global Connect Initiative just for that purpose. Julie Zora, thank you very much. And congratulations again for the chairmanship of ITU Council. Thank you so much.