Good evening aspirants. Welcome to the Hindu news analysis by Shankara IS Academy. The list of articles which has been chosen for today's analysis are provided here. The link for the handwritten notes in the PDF format and the timestamping for the displayed articles is given in the description box below. And for the benefit of smartphone users, the timestamping is also given in the comments section. Let's move on to our first article analysis. This first news article discussion is about the Citizenship Amendment Bill of 2019. The discussion can be linked to the syllabus that is given here for your reference. We have been seeing and discussing for past several days about the Citizenship Amendment Bill of 2019. Yesterday it was introduced in Lok Sabha and it was also passed in Lok Sabha. We have already discussed the provisions of the Amendment Act on 5th December based on the bill that was introduced in January 2019. So, we request the viewers to have a look at it for better understanding. Now, this bill which was introduced yesterday has the same provisions with some additional provisions also. As already discussed, the Citizenship Amendment Bill of 2019 amends the Citizenship Act of 1955. The basic objective of the Citizenship Amendment Bill of 2019 was to facilitate the granting of Indian citizenship to members of six minority communities who migrated to India from three countries before 31st December 2014. These three countries are Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. And the six minority communities which are mentioned in the Amendment Bill are Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians. Now, those members who migrated without valid travel documents or the members whose travel documents validity has expired will be given Indian citizenship based on the proposed amendment. Now, currently these persons or individuals are termed as illegal migrants by section 2 subsection 1 clause B of Citizenship Act of 1955. So, to change this provision and to include these members, this section is proposed to be amended by the bill. Now, like this some same provisions are mentioned in this bill also which we have discussed already. So, today we will be discussing about the additional provisions which were not discussed on that day. And one such provision is the amending of section 6 of the Citizenship Act of 1955. This section deals with the provisions for citizenship by naturalization. Under this section, a new subsection 6 B is proposed to be inserted. This section 6 B provides for these special provisions for the persons who are covered by section 2 subsection 1 clause B of the 1955 Act. Now, under this section 6 B, especially the clause 1 provides a mandate to grant a certificate of registration or to grant a certificate of naturalization to a person who is referred in the section 2 clause 1, section 2 subsection 1 clause B. So, if other required conditions are fulfilled by the person to get citizenship by registration or naturalization and if the person is also given the certificate for the same, then the person is deemed to be a citizen of India from the date of his entry into India. Now, this is according to the new provision of section 6 B clause 2. Now, in addition to this, the section 6 B clause 3 also provides for removal of any proceedings that is pending against a person under this section in respect of illegal migration or citizenship. So, all the proceedings with respect to illegal migration or citizenship is removed for these individuals. Now, another important provision that is to be inserted by this amendment under this section is clause 4. According to this provision, the section 6 B and its clauses shall not apply to the tribal area of Assam, tribal area of Meghalaya, Mizoram or Tripura which is provided as per the sixth schedule to the constitution. Now, if you see the constitution in article 244 under part 10 of the constitution, this article envisages a special system of administration for certain areas which are designated as scheduled areas and tribal areas. And the fifth schedule of the constitution deals with the administration and control of scheduled areas and scheduled tribes in any state except the four states which are the state of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. In addition to this, the sixth schedule of the constitution on the other hand deals with the administration of the tribal areas in the four northeastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. Now, these scheduled areas are treated differently from the other areas in the country because they are inhabited by aboriginals that is by natives who are socially and economically backward so special efforts need to be made to improve their condition. Therefore, the whole of the normal administrative machinery which are operating in a particular state is not extended to the scheduled areas and the central government has somewhat greater responsibility for these areas. Now, based on this sixth schedule to protect the aboriginals or the natives, this section 6 capital B which is inserted by the Constitutional Amendment Bill of 2019 will not be applicable to the tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram or Tripura. Then in addition to this, this section will also be not applicable to the area which are covered under the inner line which is notified under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation of 1873. Now, we will discuss about this inner line permit in the next news article discussion. Now, moving on to the next amendment, there is also an proposed amendment which amends section 18 of the Principal Act that is the Citizenship Act of 1955. This section deals with the power to make rules. It provides for provisions in relation to the powers of the central government to make rules for carrying out the purposes of this act, that is the purposes of Citizenship Act of 1955. Now, the new provision which is proposed by the amendment is to make rules which will mention the conditions, restrictions and manner for granting certificate of registration or certificate of naturalization under subsection 1 of section 6 capital B. So, the certificate which is granted under this section will be based on the conditions, restrictions that will be provided by the central government through certain rules. Then finally, the amendment also tries to amend the third schedule of 1955 Act. This schedule provides for the qualification for naturalization under the 1955 Act. Now, on that day that is on December 5th when we discussed about this particular provision, we have mentioned it wrongly. So, kindly correct it based on this discussion. On that day, we saw that the 2019 bill amends one of the clauses in the third schedule. We saw that it amends clause D under this third schedule. Now, the point which you have to note here is that this clause is not removed or totally amended, rather another provision is being inserted along with this clause. And this provision is for the persons who will be granted citizenship by naturalization based on this amendment. But if you see the current provision that is the clause D of third schedule, according to this the qualification for naturalization of a person is that during the 14 years immediately preceding the period of 12 months in which the 12 months precede the date of application, the person has either resided in India or has been in the service of government of India for an aggregate period which amounts to not less than 11 years. If this condition is satisfied, then that person is qualified for naturalization. Now, to understand this provision, let us take one example. One that there is a person A who wants to acquire citizenship by naturalization and he wants to acquire citizenship by naturalization under this clause D. Then that person he or she should apply for getting citizenship under naturalization. Now, before that application date for a period of 12 months, that person should have either resided in India or should have been in the service of government in India or the person could have partly resided in India or also partly has been in service of a government in India. So, either for 12 months he should have resided in India or for 12 months he should have been in the service of a government in India or partly 6 months this and 6 months this also. Then also this provision is applicable. Now, in addition to this that is preceding this 12 months in the 14 years, that person should have either resided in India or been in the service of government in India or partly both. Then this period in which the person has done both or either of these should amount for 11 years. For example, the person resided between 2000 and 2014 in India. Just imagine that if the person resided in India from 2000 to 2006, then he left India. Then after that that person came back in 2009, then till 2014 resided in India. Then this time period is 6 years plus 5 years and it amounts to 11 years. So, based on this the person can apply for naturalization under this clause. And if a relatively same condition is also present, if the person has been in service of a government in India, then also the person can apply for naturalization under this clause. And it is also applicable if the initial 6 years the person resided in India and then later 5 years the person was in the service of a government in India. Now the amendment made to this provision verse, this 11 years period has been reduced to 5 years for the persons who will be granted citizenship based on this amendment. That is for the persons belonging to the 6 minority communities from those 3 countries. So, these are the amendments which are proposed by the Citizenship Amendment Bill of 2019. Now this bill has been called as an historic bill by a union home minister. He also noted that this bill sought to complete what the Nehru Liaquat Pact could not do. So, what is this Nehru Liaquat Pact? This Nehru Liaquat Pact is the agreement between India and Pakistan regarding security and rights of minorities. This pact was signed in 1950. This pact was an outcome of the 6 days of talk between India and Pakistan. At that time the Prime Minister of India, Sri Javarlal Nehru and the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan wanted to ensure the rights of minorities in both countries. And most importantly they wanted to avert another war. See this is because the partition of the subcontinent into India and Pakistan in 1947 resulted in communal riots. And in December 1949 the trade and industry between the two countries was cut off. And followed by this in 1950 Hindus from the then East Pakistan that is the present day Bangladesh and the Muslims from the West Bengal crossed the borders. That is Hindus came this side and the Muslims from the West Bengal went to the then East Pakistan. So at this time there was a violent atmosphere which resulted in lethal attacks on women and children. There were also some brutal killings which affected the minorities in both the countries. And they felt insecure because of these conditions. So that is why many Hindus and Sikhs left Pakistan and came to India. And on the Indian side also the same condition prevailed. So to solve the situation the then Prime Minister of Pakistan Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan decided to solve the issue. Based on this the Prime Minister of two countries met in 1915. And they signed an agreement to safeguard the rights of the minorities. Now this pact is what is known as Liaquat Nehru Pact or Nehru Liaquat Pact. Now some of the objectives of this pact were to lessen the fear of religious minorities and to put an end to the communal riots and to create an atmosphere of peace. It was agreed that both the governments will ensure complete and equal right of citizenship to their minorities and they will also ensure security of life and properties to their minorities. This pact or this deal also included provisions for ensuring full fundamental human rights which included the right of freedom of movement the right of freedom of thought and expression and the right of religion etc. So based on this pact the two Prime Minister vowed to not violate the rules of the pact and they vowed to make all the efforts to reinforce it. And if the minorities faced any problem then it will be the duty of both the governments to redress their problems without delay. In short we can say this pact agreed to guarantee full right to their respective minorities and to accord them the status of citizens. So this is the background about the Nehru Liaquat Pact. Now according to our union home minister this pact could not attain the expected results and this will be fulfilled by the Citizenship Amendment Bill of 2019. Then we also know that there are many opposition to this bill and they are calling this bill as unconstitutional. Because under this bill citizenship is granted based on religion so it amounts to religious discrimination. And it also violates equality before law and equal protection of law which is provided by Article 14 of the constitution. But our union home minister has noted that this bill does not violate constitution. It is because the bill is based on the principle of reasonable classification under Article 14. Now we know that according to Article 14 of the Indian constitution the state or the government shall not deny to any person the equality before law and the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.  But Supreme Court held that where equals and unequals are treated differently then this Article 14 does not apply in that condition. So based on this even though the Article 14 forbids class legislation it permits reasonable classification of persons, reasonable classification of objects and transactions by the law. But these classifications should not be arbitrary, artificial or evasive. Rather it should be based on an intelligible differential and substantial distinction. Based on this only the union home minister is claiming that the bill is not unconstitutional and it is based on the principle of reasonable classification that these citizenship is proposed to be granted. In addition to this there is also one another reason for the introduction of this bill. It is stated that the religious persecution of minorities happening in our neighbouring countries is a reason for this citizenship amendment bill. In this context our union home minister has noted that since India has given refuge to everyone without exception at various points of time in history now it is time to grant citizenship for those refugees. Moreover he also added that other neighbouring countries like Nepal and Sri Lanka were not mentioned in this bill because these countries are not theocratic states. We use the word theocratic when we want to denote a system of government in which priests rule in the name of government or they rule in the name of God. So according to our union home minister these two countries are not theocratic states and there is no religious persecution in these countries also. And we also know that there is one another major allegation against this bill which is this bill does not apply to Muslims. In this context it is also noted that the genuine objective of the citizenship amendment bill is not to protect the minorities but to exclude one particular religion that is to exclude persons belonging to the Muslim religion. So based on this only those who oppose this bill are saying that the bill amounts to religious discrimination. Regarding this also our union home minister has noted that the bill will not affect Indian Muslims or their rights. Then another criticism with respect to this bill is that this bill only mentions about three countries and six minorities from these three countries. So Sri Lanka is not mentioned and Myanmar is also not mentioned. So from this we can say that the bill completely ignores Sri Lankan Tamil and it also ignores the Rohingya Muslim refugees. Based on this only the opposition is stating that government is preoccupied with its hatred for Muslims that it has not included other countries and also the Muslim religion. So that is all about this news article. Let us move on to the next news article. This discussion is based on inner line permit. The discussion can be linked to the syllabus that is given here for your reference. Before discussing the news article let us first understand what do we mean by inner line permit. This inner line permit is based on the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation of 1873. See in the British India there were quarrels and serious disturbances between the British subjects who lived in the plains and the tribes who lived across the frontiers. And these quarrels or disturbances was especially in relation to the traffic in wood, wag, ivory, cotton and other jungle products because these had great competition in the trade market. So in order to prevent such occurrences the government felt that it is necessary to prohibit the British people who are living in the plains from going beyond a certain line. And this line shall not be passed without a pass or license. So based on this the inner line regulations which is known as the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation of 1873 was the first law promulgated in Assam for the peace and governance of certain districts on the eastern frontier of Bengal. So this is the background of this inner line permit. So as a whole we can say that this inner line permit is a kind of official permit that is prescribed by government for entering into any area within some states. This ILP regulates the visit of Indians to particular states. So what are these states? Under the section 2 of Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation of 1873 this inner line permit system is still prevalent in north eastern states. They are Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Nagaland. So the inner line permits are required by Indians who are other than the natives of these states for entering into any place in these states. So that is why we are saying citizens belonging to our country from other states require ILP for visiting these three states. And the main aim of ILP system is to prevent settlement of other Indian nationals in the states where the ILP regime is prevalent so that they can prevent and protect the indigenous population or the tribal population. Now recently we discussed about this ILP with respect to the Citizenship Amendment Bill because one of the provisions of that bill is not applicable in the ILP areas. That is it is not applicable in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Nagaland. And this news article is mentioning that the state of Manipur will be brought under the inner line permit system. And this can be done by an executive order which will extend the ILP to the state of Manipur. So that means if the ILP is extended to Manipur also then the provisions under Citizenship Amendment Bill of 2019 will not be applicable in Manipur. So that means the bill only be applicable in some parts of Tripura and Assam. Because based on the provisions of the bill the bill is not applicable in the tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura. So from this discussion what you should know is what do we mean by ILP and under which regulation this ILP regime is prevalent and which are the states that come under this ILP regime. So that is all about this news article discussion. Moving on to the next news article discussion which is about the Human Development Report of 2019. The syllabus that can be linked to this discussion is given here for your reference. Now this Human Development Report is released by the United Nations Development Program or in short UNDP. And this report is titled as Beyond Income, Beyond Averages, Beyond Today Inequalities in Human Development in the 21st Century. So in this context, let us first understand the Human Development Report. This report was first released in the 1990 by a Pakistani economist, Mahabub Ulak and an Indian economist, Amartya Singh. So ever since, the report is released annually. The report releases a number of indices such as it releases the Human Development Index, then Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index and then the Gender Inequality Index. So let us discuss these indices in detail now. First let us discuss about the Human Development Index or in short HDI. This HDI was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country. So while assessing the development of a country, economic growth alone should not be taken into account. It should also include the people and their capabilities. Hence in this context, the Human Development Index can be used to question the national policy choices. It can be asked that how two countries with the same level of gross national income per capita can end up with different human development outcomes. So these differences can stimulate debate about the government policy priorities. So this Human Development Index is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development. The key dimensions are a long and healthy life, then being knowledgeable and then having a decent standard of living. The Human Development Index is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions. Now in this, the health dimension is assessed by life expectancy at birth and then the education dimension is measured by mean of years of schooling for adults who are aged 25 years and more and expected years of schooling for children who are of cool entering age. So the mean of these two is calculated for measuring the education dimension. Then the standard of living dimension is measured by the gross national income per capita. So this was about the Human Development Index. Now let us see about the inequality adjusted Human Development Index or in short IHDI. Now this IHDI combines a country's Human Development Index with how those achievements are distributed among countries population. This is calculated according to the level of inequality that is prevalent in each dimension. Thus the inequality adjusted Human Development Index is distribution sensitive average level of human development. In this you should note that a country with high Human Development Index does not mean that all people in the country enjoy the same human development. Now this is because of inequality. So the IHDI that is the Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index measures the overall loss to human development due to inequality. So when there is perfect equality or when there is no inequality in a country then the IHDI is equal to the HDI. But this IHDI falls below the HDI when inequality rises in that particular country. So this was about the Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index. Now let us see the another index which is released by the Human Development Report which is the Gender Inequality Index or in short GII. Now this Gender Inequality Index measures gender inequalities in three important aspects of human development. These aspects are first reproductive health. Now this is measured by maternal mortality ratio and adolescent birth rates. This adolescent birth rates indicates the birth given by adolescent women. Then the next aspect is empowerment. This empowerment aspect is measured by the proportion of parliamentary seats that is occupied by females and proportion of adult females and males who are aged 25 years and older. And these adult individuals should be with at least some secondary education. Then the next aspect is economic status. This economic status is expressed as labour market participation and it is measured by labour force participation rate of female and male populations who are aged 15 years and older. Now this Gender Inequality Index is based on the same framework as the Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index and further this GII tries to expose differences in the distribution of achievements between women and men in a better way. It is because it measures the human development costs of gender inequality. Thus when there is higher GII value then there are more disparities between females and males and there is also more laws to human development. So this is the background about the Human Development Report and the indices released by the report. Now based on this report we should know at what position India has been placed. Now in the Human Development Index of 2019 India is ranked at 129 out of the 189 countries. While in 2018 India was ranked 130th. Now this year India has scored 0.647 and this score comes under the Medium Human Development Category. Now the top performers in this index are Norway which has scored 0.954 and then comes Switzerland and Ireland. Then the countries with the least Human Development Index are Chad, Central African Republic and then Niger. Then with respect to the neighbours of our country the best performers are Sri Lanka and China in which Sri Lanka is ranked 71st and China is ranked at 85th position. Now in this context the news article has mentioned that South Asia was the fastest growing region in human development progress. It witnessed a 46 percentage growth over the 1992-2018 period. Now this is followed by East Asia and the Pacific which is at a 43 percentage growth over the same period. Now in this India's Human Development Index value has increased by 50 percentage. This is 0.431. Now it has come to 0.647 during this same period. So this places India above the average with other South Asian countries which have scored among 0.642. Now let us discuss the case of Inequality Adjusted HDI. Now in this India's position has dropped by one position 230 as compared to Human Development Index and India has scored 0.477 only. So the news article is stating that India has lost half of its progress which was made in the past 30 years. And you can also see that the Human Development Index score for India is 0.647 whereas the IHDI is 0.477. So this indicates the inequality which is prevailing in India. And then when we come to the Gender Inequality Index India is ranked at 122nd out of the 162 countries. So in this context you should note the position of our neighboring countries because they are performing much better than India when it comes to Gender Inequality Index. In this China is at the 39th position then Sri Lanka is at 86th position then Bhutan is at 99th position and Myanmar is at 106th position etc. So even though these countries have scored better than India it still shows there is a persisting gender inequality in the world. Now these data are important because the data goes against the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals because the goal number 5 of the Sustainable Development Goal aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls by 2030. So from these indices we can say that we are still very far behind in achieving gender equality. And on a whole the report also says that it may take 202 years to close the gender gap in economic opportunity and this economic opportunity as we saw is one of the three indicators of Gender Inequality Index. Now in addition to this the report also projects a multi-dimensional gender social norms index. Now this indicates how prejudices and social beliefs obstruct the gender equality. So this indicates a backlash to women's empowerment. That is rather going towards the goal of achieving gender equality we are going against it. So that is all about this Human Development Report. The data provided in this discussion is not only helpful in your prelims examination but also in your mains answer writing. So with this we come to the end of this news article discussion that is played practice question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the next news article discussion which is about the recent volcanic eruptions in New Zealand. The syllabus that can be linked to this discussion is given here reference. The news article has mentioned that some people have died in New Zealand as a result of volcanic eruption which happened on Monday and this volcanic eruption has happened in the White Island of New Zealand. So in this context from the examination point of view we will see about the geographical dimension of New Zealand and then the fundamental aspects of volcanoes and then also about the White Island volcanic eruption which is reported in the news article. Firstly New Zealand is a part of Oceania continent. Here you should not be confused with Australia country because it is also a part of Oceania continent. And this New Zealand consists of two large islands and several smaller islands. The larger islands are the North Island and the South Island. Then the White Island which is in the news because of recent volcanic eruption is also known as Vakari Island. It is located in the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand and it is situated in the southwest Pacific Ocean as you can see in this picture. Now this New Zealand is a part of Polynesia group of islands of the Pacific Ocean. Now to know more about the different group of islands of Pacific Ocean which are the Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia you can view our 17th October in the news analysis because we have discussed in detail about these group of islands. You can refer this video for enriching your understanding. Now then if you look at the location of the New Zealand it is located on the plate boundary of the Pacific and Indo-Australian tectonic plates. Now here a plate means the part or slab of the lithosphere of the earth and these plates are moving because of the endogenic forces which originates in the interior of the earth and particularly New Zealand is located on the converging boundary of the Indo-Australian plate and the Pacific plate as you can see in this picture. So as a result of this New Zealand is known for frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity. So in this context from examination point of view let us have a basic understanding of the volcanoes. A volcano is an opening on the surface of a planet or moon that allows material which is warmer than its surroundings to escape from its interior. When this material escapes through the vent it causes an eruption as you can see in this picture. In this magma is the molten material and the magma chamber which is inside the earth is the source for this molten material. This molten material or magma escapes through the main pipe which is known as the vent. Now once the eruption takes place it erupts the magma onto the surface of the earth. The output of the molten material on the surface of the earth is known as lava. So what do these volcanoes erupt? They erupt the molten rocks, hot gases, ashes, steam etc. These eruptions can be explosive which might send the material high into the sky or these eruptions can also be calmer. So it results in a gentle flow of material. Now after the eruptions on the top of the mound you can see the depression like formation. Now this eruption is known as crater. Now the common form of the land forms which have been formed as a result of volcanic eruptions are known as volcanic mountains or volcanic islands. Now some example for these volcanic mountains or islands are Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Hawaiian islands etc. And from examination point of view it is also important to know the types of volcanoes. Now the types of volcanoes are based on the frequency of eruptions and there are three types. One is active volcano then dormant volcano and then extinct volcano. Now in this the extinct volcano it has not erupted in the past and there are no signs of erupting in the future. Now it is indicated by an inactive magma chamber therefore it is safe for people. Now some example for extinct volcano is the Narcontum island in Andaman group of islands in India which is an extinct volcano. Now coming to the dormant volcano it is like a sleeping volcano and it has not erupted in the long time but still it might erupt in the future. This volcano is characterized by the slowly filling magma chamber. One of the example for dormant volcano is the Vesuvius volcano in Italy. Then coming to the active volcano from the discussion you could have assumed that this active volcano is erupting often and it could erupt at any day. Now this is characterized by the active magma chamber therefore this is the most dangerous type of volcano. Now some example for the active volcano is the Stromboli volcano in Italy and then Barren island of the Andaman islands in India etc. Now in the news article discussion we saw about the white island volcanic eruption. Now this is also an active volcano of New Zealand. So you can say that it is not safe for people but still this island is a tourist destination and when this volcano erupted on Monday 47 people were on it. And based on the various news information it was reported that almost 5 people have died and 2 dozen people were feared missing and presumed to be dead because of this volcanic eruption. So in this discussion we discussed about the geographical dimension of New Zealand then we discussed about the volcanoes and types of volcanoes. With this we come to the end of this news article discussion. The displayed practice in the last session. Moving on to the next news article discussion. This news article is about an important question asked by the Telangana High Court to the Telangana government. The High Court has asked the government that whether the government followed the guidelines given by the Supreme Court in the recently alleged encounter of 4 persons.  So based on this we will be discussing the guidelines given by the Supreme Court. Before going into the discussion, the syllabus that can be linked to this discussion is given here for your reference. Now let us discuss the guidelines. These guidelines were given by the Supreme Court in the case law of PUCL and another versus state of Maharashtra and others. Here PUCL stands for People's Union for Civil Liberties. The Supreme Court issued a set of 16 requirements or 16 guidelines that is to be followed in the investigating police encounters in the cases of death. These requirements are to be followed as the standard procedure for thorough, effective and independent investigation of such alleged encounter deaths. Now first requirement is that when police receive an intelligence or secret information about some criminal activities which pertain to the commission of a grave criminal offence, then such information shall be reduced into writing in some form. This information has to be noted preferably in the case diary which is used by the police station or it can also be noted in some electronic form also. Secondly, if an encounter takes place and firearm is used by the police party and if death occurs because of the use of firearm and because of encounter, then a first information report shall be registered and the first information report or FIR shall be forwarded to the court of law. Then third guideline or requirement is that in the event of death of a person in such an incident or encounter then the next kin of the alleged criminal or victim must be informed at the earliest that is they should be informed as soon as possible. Then another guideline is that such an intimation about the incident must also be sent to the police officer's family and if the police family needs services of a lawyer or counselling then such services has to be offered. After this an independent investigation has to be conducted on the incident or on the encounter. This investigation shall be carried out by the crime investigation department or it shall be carried out by a police team of another police station and it has to be conducted under the supervision of a senior officer. This senior officer should be at least one level above the head of the police party which engaged in the encounter. Now other than this the requirement also issues certain minimum standards that is to be followed by the police with respect to such investigation. Then the next guideline is that while the information of the incident must be sent to NHRC that is National Human Rights Commission or it is to be sent to the concerned State Human Rights Commission. Now in this the involvement of NHRC is not necessary unless there is a serious risk that the investigation is not carried out in an independent and impartial manner. Then the next requirement is that the police officers who are accused in an encounter death case has to extend full cooperation to the independent investigation which is to be carried out by a senior officer. Then another guideline is that if there has not any death happened because of the encounter but the accused has been injured. Then the injured criminal or the injured victim be provided medical aid and then his or her statement has to be recorded by the magistrate or a medical officer along with the certificate of fitness. Here you may think that why such medical aid has to be extended to a criminal. This is because of two things. One is that the person has to be at least fit in minimum standards so that he will participate as required in the upcoming investigation and court proceedings. Then the next thing is that extending such medical aid is a part of the right of that accused person because the person is still an accused only the court of law has to say whether he is guilty of committing the crime which will be stated based on the efficiently conducted police investigation and court trial. Then the next requirement is that a magisterial inquiry has to be conducted into the cause of death of the deceased person. This has to be carried out as per section 176 of the court of criminal procedure. Then the next requirement is with respect to quickly carrying out all the required procedures. There should not be any delay in sending the FIR or diary entries or witness records or any other records to the concerned court. This is also for the polis that conduct the investigation of encounter. Only if these things are carried out quickly then the justice shall be delivered swiftly. Here the justice could be two things. First either yes there was an encounter in which the polis were attacked. So the polis have retaliated only for their self-defense. Now in such case polis will be held innocent and their actions are justified with defense.  Now in this case appropriate legal and disciplinary actions will be taken against the polis officials who killed the persons. Here the problem in polis killing is that it means polis are taking the authority of judiciary in their hands. Only the judiciary can give death penalty and not the polis. The actual duty of polis is only to arrest the accused and carry out the investigation not to give death penalty or to execute it. That is why such killings by the polis are called as extrajudicial killings. These are extrajudicial killings because these are carried out outside the scrutiny of the judiciary. Now in this case polis do not have the power to take someone's life unless that person is danger to the polis or any other individual or property. That is only in the event of protection of life or in the protection of property or in the protection of other persons the polis can use force that can lead to the death of the attacking individual. Then the next requirement based on the guideline is that once full investigation is done then the final report should be sent to the competent court. Now after this submission of the final report by the polis the trial begins in the court and based on this the supreme court has also held that such a trial must be concluded expeditiously that is as soon as possible. The next requirement is that after the conclusion of investigation that the death had occurred by use of a firearm which amounts to an offense under the IPC then disciplinary action against such officer must be initiated immediately and that officer shall be placed under suspension. Now the next guideline is that if it is proved that an innocent has been killed by the polis or it is proved that the polis has carried out extra judicial killing in case of an accused then it means that person was not given a fair trial. Now in such a case compensation has to be granted to the dependence of the victim who suffered death in a polis encounter. Then with respect to this there is also one common requirement that is mentioned in the guidelines by the supreme court this is with respect to the promotion of the officers who are involved in the incident or even giving or bestowing gallantry awards to them it means that no out of turn promotion or instant gallantry rewards shall be bestowed on such officers soon after the occurrence of such incident now in this supreme court did not prohibit from giving any promotion or gallantry award supreme court allows such rewards to the polis only when the gallantry of the concerned officers is established beyond doubt now establishing such gallantry act will involve following all the procedures that we have just discussed. Then there is also one guideline which provides for the remedial measures for the victims family according to this guideline if the family of the victim finds that the above procedures has not been followed or if there exists a pattern of abuse or if there exists a lack of independent investigation or if there is a lack of impartiality by any of the functionaries then they can make a complaint to the sessions judge who has territorial jurisdiction this jurisdiction is the jurisdiction over the place of incidents that is the place of alleged encounter. Now you may be thinking why we are discussing these guidelines. These guidelines are important from examination point of view firstly you should note the case law in which these guidelines were given by the supreme court then these guidelines should be known to you while you are writing any answer for a mains question or while writing an answer to an essay with respect to extrajudicial killings that is all about this news article now let us move on to the next news article discussion. This discussion is based on this editorial which is also based on the issue which we discussed in the previous news article. The syllabus that can be linked to this discussion is given here for your reference. Before discussing the editorial let us understand what do we mean by criminal justice system and how this criminal justice system works. When we say criminal justice system it includes the law making bodies such as parliament and state legislatures then the law enforcement authorities such as police then it includes the court of law then finally it includes the prison and correctional administration. So the state of criminal activities in a society depends upon the efficient functioning of all these bodies or all these stakeholders of the criminal justice system. Now in this criminal justice system or in CJS the main role is played by the police authorities and the law enforcement authorities. This is because they register the crime as a first information report. They only will arrest and produce the accused and they only will carry out the investigation and they submit the final report or the charge sheet in the court after the investigation. Now based on this charge sheet the trial will begin in the court. Recently there is a huge outcry among the media and among the public that in our criminal justice system justice is delivered with huge delay. So where exactly is the delay? Our court of criminal procedure requires the police to complete every investigation without necessary delay. The maximum allowed time for the police to complete investigation in a warrant case is around 90 days from the arrest of the accused. When we say warrant case we are referring to the case relating to an offence that is punishable with death or punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term exceeding two years. So why are we saying that the maximum time for investigation in such serious cases is 90 days. This is because once the accused is arrested he can be held in magistrate authorized judicial custody only for a total period of 90 days. This 90 day concept is applicable where the investigation is related to an offence which is punishable with death imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term for less than 10 years. Now this is as per section 167 of the court of criminal procedure. So what will happen after these 90 days from the day of arrest? The accused will have the right to compulsory bail that is whatever be the offence he or she has to be released on bail. This means that if police did not complete investigation by 90 days from the day of arrest then the accused will come out in bail. What will happen when an accused who is alleged to committed rape or murder or such offences comes out in bail? People will ask why he or she is released on bail. But what people does not know is the person is released on compulsory bail because the police did not complete investigation within that 90 days. So here the blame will be on the police. So now what will happen if police completed investigation within 90 days from the day of arrest of the accused? Then before getting the right to compulsory bail the accused will become an under trial. That is once the investigation is completed the police submits charge sheet which is also called as final report. Once final report is submitted to the court then only the trial will begin in the court. So if investigation delays the starting time for trial in court will also be delayed and once trial begins in court the accused will be called as under trial and he will be in prison till the court orders punishment and sentence. And here also that is a concept of bail as a special case. This is as per section 436a of CRPC. This section talks about the right of an under trial to apply for bail once she or he has served one half of the maximum term of sentence she or he would have served if she or he had been convicted. So sooner the police completes investigation the sooner is the case to be concluded in the court trial. Again this depends on the efficiency of the investigation process. So when the investigation is better it is easier for the court to fix the charges on the under trial and soon he or she can be punished and sent for prison and correctional administration or in other cases the person can also be given death penalty. Now in the court the time taken is dependent on how effectively the public executor is putting forward the case of the victim and how efficiently he or she argues intelligently against the well-paid private defense lawyer. Then it also depends on the level of cooperation of the victim as well because in the meantime the victim should not be harassed particularly when he or she is a child or when the victim has suffered sexual assault. Because if the victim is harassed then the victim may not come forward to the court to fight even if it is their own case. So these are some of the reasons within the criminal justice system why justice is delayed in many cases. Now there is one more thing with respect to a criminal case because the moment an accused die then the case has to be closed. Why? Because once an accused or an under trial dies then who will be punished. So the case will be closed automatically. Now in this context academicians have noticed a trend in extrajudicial killings. In many such killings all the accused in a particular criminal case will be killed. So once killed particular criminal case will be closed. That means no more investigation of the particular case is required by the police because the accused is not alive. So even if one accused is alive then the police will have to carry out the investigation. They have to file a charge sheet and all the related things have to be done by the police. And even if you notice in the recent alleged encounter all the four accused have been killed. So these are the points that you should know before we start our editorial discussion. Whatever we have mentioned so far is only to enrich your understanding about the way in which our criminal justice system works. And even our author of this editorial has written this article by clearly mentioning that the Hyderabad encounter does not look like an act of self-defense from the side of police. This means the author is telling that police have planned and has killed the accused. Throughout the discussion we will be saying them as accused in the way as they will be called by the courts. This is because their guilt is not yet proved by any court of law and as they have been killed it cannot be proved in the future also. Now when such incidents happen in such a case there will be huge amount of suspicion on the police. Now some doubts could be what really happened whether whatever have mentioned in the media is correct or whether they are the real accused or whether these four are the only accused and such many other questions are also unanswered in this scenario. Now in this context you should note that if an extra judicial killing happens then it is easy for the police to say that it is an encounter to the public. But it is really hard for them to prove the same thing in the court of law. Now author calls this act of extra judicial killings as illegal because it violates the guarantees of due process which is mentioned in the criminal procedure. One such due process is that every accused person should get a fair trial. Here you may think what if many more persons are involved in the recently reported victimization of the veterinary doctor. Now that the persons are no more so no one can know who are the real culprits and no one can know whether there are other culprits in addition to these accused who could have been behind the sexual assault. Now with reference to the sexual assault cases there are two issues that affect the mood and temper of public. One is the delay in conviction in the cases of sexual assault. Then there is also low conviction rate in the sexual assault cases. The conviction rate is as low as 27% age in our country for the offense of rape. Because of these structural weaknesses the mood and temper of the public is that they are requesting instant justice for the accused. Now as civil service aspirants our statement with respect to justice should be as mentioned by the chief justice of India. That is justice can never be instant while at the same time justice shall be given without any delay also. Now such a justice is a measure of test of civilization of any country. That is why the author quotes the statement made by Winston Churchill. Winston Churchill has said that the mood and the temper of the public in regard to the treatment of crime and criminals is one of the most unfailing tests of the civilization of any country. Now this is because in some instances this mood and temper influences the high level authorities of the government. That is why the author mentions that these extra legal or extra judicial killings always take place with the prior consent of the higher authority and that higher authority could be any administrative authority or ministerial authorities. Now in this context the author also highlights the statement made by a UN working group on enforced or involuntary disappearances. This working group has noted that guilty officials are generally not punished. In addition to this India is also bound by a UN resolution to train and disseminate the guidelines related to extra judicial killings. This resolution is titled as effective prevention and investigation of extra legal, arbitrary and summary executions. The principles annexed to the resolution is to be honored by all the governments. The UN General Assembly has also subsequently approved these principles. These principles shall be taken into account and they shall be respected by governments within the framework of their national legislation and practices. And the governments shall bring these principles which is mentioned in this resolution to the attention of all these stakeholders including the public. So in this context author has noted that India has not done much in disseminating these guidelines and norms among our polis and security forces. So what are the some of these suggestions to solve these issues? Here whatever suggestion we prescribe it has to give a solution for making lawful punishment to the offenders as certain swift and proportionate. All the three has to be there in every criminal case at least in every case where a victim is a victim of sexual assault. That is for an offense certainly there has to be punishment and such punishment has to be given swiftly without delay by the courts. Then such punishment shall be proportionate to the crime or the offense that is committed. So based on this let us see the suggestions given by the author. Now with respect to the cases of sexual assault the suggestion is to appoint experienced senior judges in fast track courts. In these fast track courts no adjournments should be permitted and such courts should be put under the direct control of high courts. The trial in these fast track courts must be completed within 3 months or 90 days. This means effectively at least within 6 months an offender will be convicted and punished. So this is one of the suggestions given by the author. Then in addition to these suggestions we will provide few more suggestions. One is that collection of evidence in cases of sexual assault is extremely difficult and extremely sensitive. For this every police station or police district should have a dedicated women wing who are trained with adequate technical and psychological expertise to collect such evidences from women and female children. Such teams should also contain psychiatrist and trained psychologists so that they can handle the assaulted women. Then police have to be trained to take such issues seriously and timely completion of investigation must be ensured in such cases. And these investigations has to be conducted in an efficient manner. In addition to this proper training of public prosecutors has to be done and they have to be monitored and supervised about how efficiently they carry out prosecution in ensuring that the offender gets the punishment and the offender does not remain unpunished. There is also concern on low conviction rate in the cases of sexual assault which we already saw. For this proper implementation of the Supreme Court's verdict in the case law of Kishanbhai versus state of Gujarat is necessary. In this verdict the court directed the home department of every state to examine all orders of acquittal and to record reasons for the failure of each prosecution case. This responsibility has to be vested with the standing committee of senior officers of the police department and prosecution department. In this the Supreme Court mentioned that every acquittal should be understood as a failure of the justice delivery system in serving the cause of justice. Now this will act as a self correction mechanism within the criminal justice system. So these are some of the suggestions to clear the growing blot in the criminal justice system. With this we come to the end of this editorial discussion. The displayed practice question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the next news article discussion which is based on the JALG1 mission and the Bureau of Indian Standards. The discussion will link to the syllabus that is given here for your reference. The news article has mentioned that the Bureau of Indian Standards is preparing the ground for strict enforcement of quality standards for the piped water. See we are aware that majority of the people in India especially people in rural areas suffer from inadequate water supply. In addition to this providing safe drinking water to the common public is a primary requirement for ensuring health. So in order to address this the center has launched the JALG1 mission few months back. The objective of this mission is to ensure Hargar JAL. In this Hargar means every house and JAL means water. So this means piped water supply to all rural households by 2024. That is by 2024 all the rural households are expected to have functional household tap connections. Now this mission is expected to benefit approximately 14.60 crore rural households. Now this mission comes under the department of drinking water and sanitation which is under ministry of JAL Shakti. The mission will focus on integrated demand and supply side management of water at the local level. So this will include creation of local infrastructure for source sustainability like rainwater harvesting then groundwater recharge and management of household waste water for reuse in agriculture etc. And this JALG1 mission will also converge with other central and state government schemes to achieve its objective of sustainable water supply management across the country. So we can say this mission is a step in the right direction but along with supplying good quality water is also important. So water quality should also be ensured that is why it is important to discuss the plan by BIS to enforce the quality standards for the piped water. But in this context the news article has mentioned that it is not sure whether the JALG1 mission will implement BIS standard or not. So from examination point of view let us know about this BIS or the Bureau of Indian Standards. It is a national standard body of India. It was established by the Bureau of Indian Standards Act of 1986 but later it was replaced by the BIS Act of 2016 and this act made the BIS as the national standards body. Now this BIS is responsible for the harmonious development of the activities of standardization then marking and quality certification of goods and also know that BIS works under the ages of Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution. So through its core activities of standardization and conformity assessment BIS has been providing safe then reliable and quality goods. This is provided by minimizing the health hazards to the consumers and by protecting the environment etc. Now the standards and the certification scheme of BIS also support various public policies especially in the areas of product safety, consumer protection, food safety, environment protection, building and construction etc. So in the context of today's news article the BIS standard for drinking water is Indian Standard 10500 2012. Now this specifies the color, pH value, taste permissible limit of chemicals such as aluminium, ammonia etc. Now according to the news article the center is organizing a workshop for states regarding the IS standards that is the Indian standards then the certification schemes and testing facilities and also the need to comply with these standards. Recently also you would have been seen the reports that there were water samples which were tested from various state capitals and these water samples failed to comply with the standards and this is dangerous because supplying impure drinking water is worse than not supplying water at all because it has many health hazards. In addition to this news article also mentions that BIS standard for bottled water which is mostly produced by the private companies is mandatory but the BIS standard for piped water which is largely supplied by the government agencies is not yet mandatory. So this shows that there is a negligence on the side of the government so this needs to be addressed as earlier as possible and as a measure in this direction we can suggest that BIS should work together with the union JAL Shakti ministry while implementing the JAL Jeevan mission so that we can ensure not only water supply across the country but also quality water supply to all and ensuring this is also important from international perspective because sustainable development goal based on this the goal is goal number 6 which is for ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. So that is all about this news article discussion in this news article we discussed about the JAL Jeevan mission then about the Bureau of Indian Standards and why it is necessary for having quality drinking water with us we have come to the end of this news article discussion that is split practice question will be discussed in the last session now we have come to the last session that is the practice questions discussion session this question is based on United Nations Development Program the question asked which among the following indices are released by United Nations Development Program 6 indices have been given inequality adjusted human development index inclusive development index gender development index gender inequality index global gender gap index multidimensional poverty index before trying to attempt this question look at the options given below the first is all the above then some of the indices are given so all the above means 1 2 3 4 5 6 so from these options you can easily say that 1 and 4 is given in all the options so that means inequality adjusted human development index and gender inequality index is released by UNDP and remember that these two index or indices are released annually by the human development report this human development report releases 5 composite indices each year these are human development index then inequality adjusted human development index then gender development index then gender inequality index and then comes the multidimensional poverty index whereas the remaining 2 that is inclusive development index and the global gender gap index is released by world economic forum so here the correct answer to this question is 1 3 4 and 6 which is option C now this next question is also based on human development index first statement states HDI is released by UNDP yes this is correct second statement states it is a composite index based on 3 dimensions of human developments such as a long and healthy life being knowledgeable and a decent standard of living yes this statement is also correct these are the 3 dimensions based on which the human development index is measured then third statement states the human development report was first released in 1990 by a Pakistani economist and then Indian economist now this statement is also correct because it was first released in 1990 Mahabubulak and Amartya Sen in this Mahabubulak is the Pakistani economist and Amartya Sen is the Indian economist so after that the report is being released annually so here all the 3 statements are correct so the final correct answer to this question is option D 1 2 and 3 now this next question is a question which was asked in 2018 prelims examination and it is based on the barren island the first statement states the barren island volcano is an active volcano in the Indian territory now this statement is correct because it is the only active volcano of India the second statement states barren island lies about 140 kilometre east of great Nicobar now this barren island is located 140 kilometres to the east of port Blair which is in the south of Andaman but whereas great Nicobar is the southernmost region of Andaman and Nicobar and it lies further to the south of port Blair so this statement is wrong then the next statement states the last time the barren island erupted was in 1991 and has remained inactive since 1991 now this statement is wrong because the barren island volcano had been lying dormant that is inactive for more than 150 years until 1991 because in 1991 there was a major eruption then after that it has shown some intermittent activity so there were eruptions in 1995 then 2005 and also in 2017 so that means this statement it has remained inactive since then is wrong the last time it erupted was in 2017 not in 1991 that is why this statement is wrong so the correct answer to this question is option A1 only now if you look at this question this is based on Bureau of Indian Standards first statement states it is the national standards body of India see the Bureau of Indian Standards was first established by the Bureau of Indian Standards Act of 1986 so by that it is a statutory body but later this act was replaced by 2018 and this act made the BIS as a national standards body so this statement is correct the second statement states it aims at the harmonious development of the activities of standardization marking and quality certification of goods now this statement is also correct it is the main working of this BIS then the third statement states it is a statutory body under the ages of ministry of commerce and industries now since we discussed it is a statutory body immediately you will think but no the statement is wrong because even though it is a statutory body it is not under ministry of commerce and industries rather it is under the ages of ministry of consumer affairs food and public distribution so this statement is wrong here the question asks for the correct statement so the correct answer to this question is option A1 and 2 only now look at this main question based on GS paper 2 justice can never be instant while at the same time justice shall be given without any delay in the light of the above statement discuss the reasons for delay in justice and suggest effective measures in order to ensure fair and speedy justice system in India now today we had a total editorial discussion based on this criminal justice system so based on the discussion try to answer this question and post your answers in the comment section we will be giving feedback for your answers within 10 working days while answering this question try to add points other than what we have discussed in the editorial with this we have come to the end of our all our sessions if you like the video don't forget to like comment and share and do subscribe to Shankara IS Academy YouTube channel for more updates on civil service examination preparation


From Silicon Valley, it's theCUBE, covering RSA Conference 2017. Now, here's your host, John Furrier. Okay, welcome back everyone. Live in Palo Alto, this is theCUBE. I'm John Furrier here in our studios for our RSA coverage. We have Mobile World Congress coming up at the end of the month. We're doing the in-studio coverage, not a lot of space for theCUBE at RSA, and certainly we're not going to have a CUBE at Mobile World Congress, but what do we do in-studio now? It's for two days, February 27th and 28th. Full days in Silicon Valley coverage from 8 a.m. to 6 all day, thought leaders covering what's happening in Barcelona. What have we been doing here? Just a little plug there. But here, we're talking about RSA, and I'm proud to have our next guest, Madhu Sekhar, who's a CUBE alumni, now has a new jersey he's got on, new company he just joined, one of our other favorite companies. Service Now. Madhu, great to see you. Thank you, John. So you get to be part of it. No longer splunk on, you got the Service Now, you changed jerseys, but the game is still the same for you. Very same game, and I've been very proud to be part of Splunk in the process, but I'm great to be part of Service Now now, and Frank asked me to join Service Now, so it's a pleasure to be part of Service Now. It's hard to turn down Frank Slutman. That's very hard to say no to him. Frank's great guy, I love having obviously the CUBEs covered all the now conferences, Knowledge 17's coming up, same week as EMC World, Dave Vellante will be down there, but I want to get your take because you sold your company as an entrepreneur, you've long time entrepreneur for the folks who don't know Medu, entrepreneur, sold your company Splunk, hot in the big data space, you've been doing big data since we've known each other, going back seven years now. It's evolved a lot. Your company sold the Splunk, Caspian, right? Caspita. Caspita, Caspita, okay, that's right. Now Splunk's entire strategy is now big data and they're huge security opportunity, and now Service Now, very big data, we're in big developer community developing over there. It's all the action right now. I mean, the game is still the same. Is it? I mean, what's changed in big data and security? No, absolutely. I think that things is evolving a lot from what I see out there today is in the world of security, the big data is moved to machine learning. That movie has happened with what I saw with Caspita and Splunk. The next movie right now is more in the area what I call security operations. The disruption is in the area of incident response. What people don't have is people. So what security people are asking is, can you reduce the time to do detection? Can you do an operations? Bringing automation into security response, doing next generation incident response is the next hot game right now. I saw on the trending hashtags on our radar, DevSecOps, so some people call them DevSecOps, kind of a play on DevOps with cloud. You're being more specific. It's SecOps, S-E-C-O-P-S. Not SecOps.  SecurityOps is really hardcore because there's so many open jobs right now that this begs the question, is AI the holy grail here? Because if there's too many jobs to fill and not enough candidates to fill them, it's a people problem. At the same time, it's also a technology opportunity. Is that reality right now, or is that just the beginning of the game, first inning, first pitch? No, it's the beginning of the game, but definitely I think that there will be a lot of disruption in the security operation because it's two things happening. One is the people angle. Second is the operation should be done in the cloud and the SaaS manner. See imagine, if you want to do this incident response, you're going to have people all over the world or maybe you'll have virtual agents doing this workflow automation, incidents and change response. All of them should be done almost in the form of a cloud and a SaaS. That's where it's service now it makes sense, right? So think of like a, they're doing security operation like in ERP. So security operation will go through what ERP went through cloud. So service now is the best company to do security operations in the cloud. So ERP though, that was a little slower market. I mean that created the whole enterprise software. So you're saying that you think security ops will take the same kind of path? It'll take a similar path only thing is much faster because there's a burning need, there's a pain. And you got cloud too. And there's a cloud to it. And the cloud and security are happening so fast delivering security operation in the cloud as a SaaS application. To me is the best way to deliver a disruption right now in this market. So question for you on the cloud. Does cloud have more security than no cloud? Cause it used to be cloud was a security risk now. Some people are saying at RSA this week that actually cloud is more secure than on premise. I think that's debatable. I think my view of the world is cloud creates more opportunities in it. On-prem is also security problems are there but cloud creates lot more challenges than on-prem because the data needs to be secured. You need to encrypt the data in cloud which probably on an on-prem you may not do in the same way. Even though you have inserted threat attacks I think cloud security and cloud is a much more a different beast than on-prem. How about the anomaly detection? That seems to be a hot one this year. Ransomware seems to never stop. And we've been seeing fake ransomware. We always talk about fake news and the election. Now you see fake ransomware is a hot trend. Is ransomware still a problem in your mind or is it getting under control? I think ransomware is by far still one of the top five problems. It's going to be there. It will continue to be there. It's what I call a low hanging fruit for a hacker to go into the system. But in terms of credential compromise, insert attack, threat detection, all those things will continue to be as a problem solving. But in terms of I think where the problems are being solved, attention given to threat protection and threat detection. I continue to think that the next bucket right now is once you find a problem, how do I resolve it? What's the change? What's the incident? How do I fix it? The more attention will be more on orchestration, workflow, that part of automation, not in the area of protection and detection. I think those problems are like well solved. The next new investment will be now that you found the problem, what do I do next? So this is your comparison to ERP. There's a workflow evolution that now this shifts to the value is rapid turnaround on the problems and mediation. Okay, I got to ask you the question. I got to ask an entrepreneurial question or more of a provocative question. What is the coolest thing that you saw this week at RSA in the industry as the show unfolds? A lot of noise, a lot of pomp and circumstance, a lot of action. What surprised you? What's the coolest thing you've seen? I think I would stick to the same thing where I said look I think the area of threat detection, threat protection is old. There's nothing new there. The only new I think this year RSA is doing machine learning for the workflow, automation and orchestration.  That's it. And what's the key determinant there? What's the key disruptive innovator? The disruptive innovator is how can you do it without a human being and automate the whole process? Wouldn't that be nice if the system will find automatically what incident to do and fix it and you just keep watching your Netflix? Great, and I asked you one other thing on this trend that we saw. There's been a mandate. We saw this at Splunk.conf this year. Security people are it's pretty close community, well vetted. They all know each other from the industry. Yet there's a now we saw at .conf at the Splunk event sharing has been a big thing. We saw the cyber threat alliance up there. We saw pals on networks. All the top dogs are up there. Is data sharing a reality? And with the government not participating in as that they should be, is it even possible to have a data sharing commune environment where a community environment where people are sharing the data? Or does it matter or is it important? No, it's a good question. I think it does matter. I think threat intel sharing is an important aspect. The sharing will happen at all levels. There'll be some community sharing. There'll be public's way of sharing it. There'll be private sharing communities. But sharing the data and doing the indicators of compromise at all levels. At the detection level, at protection, at even the workflow level. I think it's important and that is one fundamental feed that people will try to leverage going forward. Great, awesome. Got to ask you about the ServiceNow and the changing of roles between Splunk and ServiceNow. Obviously it's hard to turn down Frank Slutman as where you were kidding. But in all seriousness, what attracted you to ServiceNow? I want to really ask the question, why ServiceNow and obviously senior vice president, general manager of ITOM? I think look, as I said, the number one is obviously Frank asked me to join this company. It's a great opportunity. By far I think I'll see service now as like what, they're the second largest SaaS company right now, growing at 50%. They're the largest growth company over a billion dollars. And IT operation management, the group that I'm running which is cloud operations, IT operations, making sure services don't go, eliminating service outage. It's a great opportunity for me. I mean, it's the second largest BU for ServiceNow. What's the head count that you're under you? I mean, a couple of hundred people. It's pretty large group that we are running it. It's a second largest BU for entire ServiceNow. Taking that to the next stage and we are growing at such a large clip of 50% growth for ServiceNow. I think it's a great opportunity for me to take it to the next billion dollar opportunity. And when you look at that opportunity, when you look at the 20 mile stair, given your experience, obviously where they are now, where you want to take it, what are the big things you want to knock down in that next couple, a couple steps as you go to the next level? What's the vision? I think my vision is I think if I can manage both in the cloud and operations, of IT operations will have the same thing that happened in the industry of security, e-commerce and ad tech. The movie will be the same. If the IT operations will be also automated, it'll be automated with machine learning and AI to the point where I can tell you which application is going down, which service is going down, what problem to do, doing the predictive service maintenance is what I want to solve for mission critical applications. And that really allows the businesses to shift their value. Exactly. That's the ultimate vision of ServiceNow. Have you, were you impressed with the developer community there? Because one of the things that jumped out at me in covering ServiceNow over the years is they kind of had this developer program just kind of came out of nowhere. This developers are very loyal and Absolutely. Very good community there. I think if you think about like the way in which Frank and the team have created, they have a good platform. So he always called it like we go in herds. We have a great platform. We have developer community ecosystem to build on it. We offer certain solutions on top like what we're doing with ITSM, ITARM and security operations of providing this whole platform and these applications makes it very unique. Yeah, I got a lot of stares at me when I first started going to ServiceNow and I started talking about DevOps. This is years ago and if you look at what ServiceNow has happened they've really kind of intersected with the DevOps trend. Because as you're pointing out this is an opportunity for them to I won't say back into the cloud because they are in there, right? So their customers are back into the cloud. So they really kind of rode that opportunity pretty well. That's one of the projects that I'm also responsible for which is doing the cloud management and also doing release management for DevOps doing DevOps automation orchestration. That's a very hot area for us. Madhu, I got to get your take on Silicon Valley obviously looking forward to having you on our Silicon Valley Friday show soon. Great guest. We're going to certainly get your phone number before you leave and we'll call you up and love to have you in the studio.  I know you're always itching itching to scratch that entrepreneurial itch. Luckily ServiceNow is an entrepreneurial company with Frank Slutman in charge also. A partner at Greylock. A very good culture there. But what's your take on the current ecosystem and entrepreneurs? Certainly a lot of those angel funded companies have gotten funding. Some aren't really making it. They call the living dead when you have enough revenue but you're not breaking through. Yet there's a whole nother wave coming machine learning, AI and whatnot. So do you have kind of a interesting dichotomy going on here? It is. I think I would say the my theory of the world is look there's always a good companies will always survive and do well. It's a good entrepreneurs, good companies, good investor, that hygiene as long as you have there it'll do well. And there's always going to be bad companies, right? So that's part of life. But I think any companies that's built before not designed for cloud age or DevOps age or machine learning those companies are going to die. So anybody who's designed for the classical enterprise software or did not plan cloud as a fundamental cloud native application. You didn't build it for cloud using the cloud and using the machine learning as a core piece. It's going to be a hard time for you to survive in the future as a entrepreneur. For that matter. And your advice for the pivots out there just shut down and repivot It's all of the above. Look every entrepreneur CEO and investor should look at it and to look like as we call bill what's his bias like is it worth putting more money to continue? Or should we sell this company now? I mean that's something a management should decide but definitely two thousand a year there'll be a lot of change will happen. What's going on in the startup circles that you hear in terms of funding any anecdotal stories around easy to get a seed round series A's are hard B's. What's the what's the parameter and from your perspective? I think things are more optimistic this year than last year. So there's more funding coming down because this is already a lot of capital. So I think funding will be more good for the entrepreneurs both A, B and the later ones. Hardest is always the series B. Series A is the easy one. And if you are series B is the hardest round to get. You get through the B that you're breaking through. Exactly. Series B is the hardest. Madhu, Stadikar, thank you for coming on theCUBE. Great to see you. Now with service now senior vice president and general manager of the ITOM group. Again, IT as a service is big. Automation's coming down. IT needs to be an enabler, create, no, not create friction, but create automation. You've got it. That's your vision. That's right. Thanks for coming and joining our RSA coverage. Final bumper sticker for RSA. What's the big theme this year? Bumper sticker for RSA. Security operations. Security operations. SecOps. In cloud. SEC, not sex ops, which I thought it sounded like but SecOps is where it is. I'm John Furrier, you're watching theCUBE. Live coverage of RSA. We'll be back with more after the short break.


So hey guys welcome to Comic Inn if you're new make sure you hit the subscribe button and the little bell Comment below hit the like button. I may even share with your friends Good job. We have cookies and melt might be seen in that shirt This week review is Kenner's superpowers Superman action figure Back in the early 80s Kenner came out with the DC superhero line called superpowers Hugely popular with so many of different characters such as Batman Robin Darkside Lex Luthor Brainiac Cyborg Of course today we're going to talk about Superman Superman was pretty cool. These figures were known to have action features Sometimes one two, you know different accessories to Nunciate their eye, you know their special powers Superman here Was no different So let's go ahead and go over the sculpting paint job on Superman And then we'll go ahead and get to the accessories and action feature First off, you notice Superman has those great baby blue eyes Which I always thought would be cool if they were red to represent kind of maybe his heat vision But you can I guess, you know frost vision Not really one of his powers more like frost breath, but hey you pretend We go down we have the course. He's known for his blue outfit with the s which is perfectly painted on there He got a super belt his underwear is over his tights We got the bright bright boots And if you look carefully, we even have some hint of blue in his hair Which is pretty cool Turn around to the side.  So the only way to really get these is to Go on sites like eBay These tend to run fairly expensive, especially those that come with clip-on capes because people always lost the capes I believe on eBay this particular Superman would go for somewhere in the upwards end of $50 or more Especially in a great condition. This one is in So a very expensive hobby to get into collecting superpowers figures, but they're really cool. They're really cool action figures so Happy hunting and until next time Hit that subscribe button Make sure you hit the like comment below and share with your friends


Finally, a movie review. Movie review. Unfortunately, all my movie views lately have been negative and this one is not going to be any different. So I went to the theater to watch Uncut Gems. The critics are loving this movie. It's getting rave reviews. And I figure, well, my son encouraged me, let's go watch Uncut Gems. So I did. In the theater, on a big screen. And I have to say, within about four minutes of the movie starting. By the way, the movie is with Adam Sandler. Now, Adam Sandler, I do not like Adam Sandler because I don't like his comedies. Now, I was told this was a serious role. Indeed it is. And I have to say, Adam Sandler as a serious dramatic actor was quite good. It's the only good thing I can say about the movie. He was quite good. But I have to say that within about three minutes. Probably four minutes, maybe five. I was ready to leave the theater. I was ready to get up and walk out and leave. The music, the chattering, the noise.  It is naturalism at its worst. It is a roller coaster ride about the life of a scumbag. I don't know any other way to describe this guy. A scumbag. I don't think the movie is trying to make out. He's a guy who is in the jewelry business in New York. He owes everybody money. He constantly gambles, loses. He has a wife with a couple of kids in the suburbs. He has a mistress who works for him, who he has shacked up in an apartment in the city. His wife seems to know about the mistress and they're in the process of maybe getting a divorce.  And the whole movie is him being a horrible person, basically trying to get himself out of one jam.  I don't think he smokes pot in the movie, but I might be wrong. The camera work is awful. The sound is awful. It's noisy. It's shadowy. It's meant to be intense, but it grates on you. The sound of it, music in movies can be so impactful. I mean, this is why movies are the most complex of all art forms, because they entail writing, acting, cinematography. Movies are primarily of visual media. Cinematography, visual. They entail drama, but they also entail music. It's a complexity of all those elements have to be integrated. Here they were integrated into an obnoxious whole. It was an awful movie. And the one thing I'm glad about the movie is that people don't like it. The critics loved it, but the general public is hating it. I think people are going because it's Adam Sandler. But then they hate it. So you get reviews like on one tomato of the critics really high, and then actual people who view the movie really, really low, which is good. So the Americans have better taste than the critics, which is not overly surprising. But the whole, everything about this movie is, it fits into the Lenin-Pikov's dim hypothesis again. The movie is completely disintegrated. Now, there is an arc. The story leads somewhere. And in a sense, the end is inevitable. But it isn't, it doesn't integrate into anything. And in the end, the movie has no meaning. It stands for nothing. It has no purpose. It teaches us nothing about the world in any sense other than it's fragmented. It's distorted. Completely disintegrated. And this is the kind of art that conditions a consciousness to be disintegrated. It conditions a consciousness not to integrate, not to find common themes, not to see a connection, a causal connection over time. Great art, great art, conditions one's consciousness. To be, in a sense, a good thinker. To use your mind in the appropriate way to integrate, for example. Here it does the opposite. It is actually harmful to you to watch this movie. I think, by the way, a lot of modern music is like way. I think, and I know I'm going to make some enemies here. I think much of rap, much of, a lot of rock and roll is harmful. Because it exaggerates the simplest of, simplest of music. A beat, a beat, a constant beat. That is very primitive, epistemologically. Now I can't prove that. To a complex melody over time with sophisticated harmonies in between, where the beat is integrated into a whole complexity. That encourages consciousness, a complex response, a complex conscious response, instead of buh-bum, buh-bum, buh-bum, buh-bum. Which is primitive and low in terms of the conditioning it does to our consciousness. Instead of listening to better rap, listen to Brahms or Tchaikovsky or Mendelssohn or even Mahler or Rachmaninoff or Beethoven or Mozart. Then you'll see complexity and beauty and sophistication. What we need today, what I call the new intellectual, would be any man or woman who is willing to think. Meaning, any man or woman who knows that man's life must be guided by reason, by the intellect. Not by feelings, wishes, whims or mystic revelations. Any man or woman who values his life and who does not want to give in to today's cult of despair, cynicism and impotence and does not intend to give up the world to the dark ages and to the role of the collectivist brought. Using the super chat, and I noticed yesterday when I appealed for support for the show, many of you stepped forward and actually supported the show for the first time, so I'll do it again, maybe we'll get some more today. If you like what you're hearing, if you appreciate what I'm doing, then I appreciate your support. Those of you who don't yet support the show, please take this opportunity, go to www.uranbrookshow.com slash support or go to www.subscribestar.com, you're on Brooke's show and make a kind of a monthly contribution to keep this going. I'm not showing the next...


Well that split second turns into several minutes and that's all it takes to have a child reach a critical threshold in the heat and have permanent brain damage if not lost of life. And it has happened and we're thankful that it's rare but it does happen and it seems to happen to people with the best of intentions of hey I'm just going to be a minute and I'll be right back and that minute turns into five minutes ten minutes and then that child is in a very bad situation.


Yo, we are back with some more One Piece today. The last two, we begun this Water Seven saga meeting Al Kiji, a very intimidating admiral. One that is right under the very timidly top of the governments in Goku, and with powers that just are absolutely absurd. Out of this world, he froze an entire part of the sea. Kinda took on Luffy, kinda put Luffy in this place and gave them some rather like worrying, kinda like, I guess, foresight about Nico Robin, saying that like, her being with them, like they're gonna reap what they sow eventually. But he just left on his bike. Yeah, yeah, refuses to elaborate leaves. Eager Chad. And then we ended the episode with our crew riding up onto a train track that is somehow in the middle of the sea. Who knows what's happening anymore. And noted that we are actually headed to Water Seven, in the city on the sea, the town on the sea. I don't remember what Al Kiji called it. But that's the next destination, and of course, that's the name of this art. That being said, we're gonna hop into it. If you're new to the channel, drop us up and hit that big wood bell. Let's get started with episode 229 of our One Piece. Turn, Mary, turn! Man, that bad boy's hauling. So it's not a train, oh nice! Man, that barely didn't clip them. They're gonna be unrolled. Mary's already in rough shape, too. Man, that's a fancy looking train, too. Did Chopper just say a ship? I guess it is absurd to see, that makes sense. No! Is this frog gonna take it on? Oh, poor frog! What an odd place for a train. So is, I guess, is the track just right under it? Maybe it is a ship. Maybe Chopper was right. No, because they rode up, I think, on the track. She's gonna see the pyro-flaggin' freak. Chimney? Oh my. This is quite the family business. Oh, wait, that was the food they were eating, right? Did they just give her some? Chimney? That is not a cat. Kokoro. Oh, she has a W7 on her. A steam ship? Oh, wait, that's like a thing? Huffing Tom. Okay, yeah, a little below the surface. I guess that kind of makes sense. You just can barely not see it. That's kind of cool, actually. It reminds me of the train from Spirited Away. It's a little bit more practical. Yeah, poor frog. Why is this such a recurring thing with a frog? You know him! Okozuna or headaches. Oh, wait, how keyed he said his name, too? He's fighting the train? Yeah, for real. What? What a nuisance, though. Low key, high key. A water seven, I guess? Wait, all these places sound lovely. Oh, do you think they work for the government? Yeah, that was mentioned. She having flashbacks? What just happened? Yeah, I was going to say they don't need the train. What, they're seven. Are we close? Yeah, city of water. The technology is number one in the world. We'll go from his favorite ships, what? Wait, we're looking for a shipwright! A Becno! Oh my gosh, how convenient. Hell yeah. Oh, wow, thank you. Dang, dude, free labor? What a, oh my gosh, MVP of the arc. You already here first. Will we see you there? Aw, dude, they're so nice. That's still not a cat. Hey, don't grow in chimney. Okay, I'll try to remember their names. Not remembering the cat's name. Gonna be honest. Watch out for the government, people. Technology's number one in the world. Important and powerful people there. Big guy like a mountain five meters tall. Yeah, it's gotta be someone that knows what they're doing. Instead of it being Usob just randomly patching things together, he needs to focus on his craft of inventing. What? This is like Loupies. Oh my gosh, he truly wants. I like Robin just watching and just smiling. See, she's so fond of them now. I think she's a different person now. She's not trying to snake them or anything. They gotta be near land, right? They're seagulls? Seagulls fly all over the sea, I'm pretty sure. Yeah, Mary needs some some upgrades. The floor's creak, the ceiling leaks. Yeah, just spruce her up. A bronze statue. Oh shoot, that does look large. The next destination, Land Ho. Do they care about pirates?  It's glorious, but the gates were like numbered. Whoa, it's just a giant fountain. That's sick. I guess the number one city for technology in the world would look really nice. They're seven. So they're like seven like exits for the water? Dude, it's awesome. It's beautiful. He's picturing it now. That looks awesome to slide down, yeah. Chopper would be swallowed by the waves. Oh yeah, that's right. She's just the five meters ship, right? He looks like a wizard, bro. I was gonna say, yeah, the front entrance, man. What a nice guy. Was he actually told them the wrong thing and just like screwing them over? I like all the architecture, it's so pretty.  How is it so nourished? Dude, does it ever flood? He was made for it. Dude, who built this? This is insane. Looks like a tourist spot. It's a plunder. Yeah, he's so polite about it. Wait, everybody here is a delight so far. What a lovely city. It's a whole place. Adventure waiting to be uncovered. A little too strong. Has it gotten that rigidity? Or have you been doing way too many push-ups? Yeah, they're just so casual about it. Yeah, more money. It's probably so much of their economy. The city is so developed, they have security and stuff like that. I wonder what the police force of Water 7 is like in comparison to the white berets. Surely they can't size up. Yeah, they do have a reference letter. Pocero, looking for iceberg. Ooh, we better go shopping, baby. Wait, are you gonna carry it all? Doesn't mean like cash it in. Like should I just get money for everything? Get everything appraised? Zora's just holding up the mask. Just go, chopper. Oh, my heart. Because you're carrying around so much gold, yeah. Although maybe it's safe enough here that they won't get robbed. Where are the thieves? Yeah. Nah, she just wants to hold that much money. In total, bull shop? This is a bill shop. No, it does say bull shop. Rental bull shop? No, surely it's not like the bull animal. He's gonna rent bulls? You don't know what it is. Just saying a number. Oh, he's saying there's three of them. Okay. Two Yagawas. He's just assuming it's food. My God. Oh, they're boats? Oh, it's like how you get around town. Oh, that's cool. More canals and walkways. That's kind of cool. The canals, yeah. So you just rent them while you're here. And that's got to be kind of expensive. Low key. Oh, they're so cute. 2000 berries ain't bad either. Well, why do they stay smiling like that? I can't tell if they're cute or like a tiny bit creepy, too. Oh, no, he's going to drop the gold into it. A lot of gold. You're funny. He thinks he's joking. Yeah, we got this from the sky. But he's just flexing a ton of money. Rich now. Shameless, Mr. Renter. Oh, dang. Downtown area. We're downtown. Down an actual map. Oh, thank goodness. Some upgrades for Mary, new crew member, potentially. One of the exciting things on the horizon. Can we add like a machine gun to Mary? A Gatling gun to be sick. Um, what else? I think we should give Sanji like a full-fledged like restaurant area. Better beds, maybe. I mean, so we've made it to Water 7. An absolutely gorgeous city, might I add. Stunning design. Like, I would live here, bro. Probably my favorite, like, I just guessed just like island design in the show thus far. It seems like very cozy, too. Like comfortable. The thing is, like, they said, they made it a point to be like, I think Sanji said like, oh, it's not that exciting because they're like not even scared of pirates. But I feel like that's even more exciting that there could be like a lot more underlying things going on, especially because this is the start of just an overarching story.