Okay, good morning everybody. Welcome to BC 308 our course on revelation and Daniel Thank you for connecting to the class. We are journeying through revelation Reading scripture portion by portion and Looking at what we could draw from the scriptures Let's take a moment to pray, please and we will get started We may request somebody in the class to pray with all of us. Let's pray Go ahead everyone else or Grace is heavenly father. We thank you for this beautiful day Beautiful morning Lord It's time for the God we come to your Lord Jesus and as we Go through the book of revelation for the God we ask you that more of your revelation and understanding for God To help us to understand for the God Inside Lord Jesus and as we're here for the good we submit pastor asks his Lord Be with him Lord Jesus for the good at his as he is teaching for the good Give him a new revolutions for the God and We submit all of the students to your mighty hand in Jesus name. We pray Amen Hey, man Thank you All right, so We were in revelation chapter 2 and We had actually read the first seven verses the church in Ephesians and We were in the end of that looking at verses six and seven when we Kind of farm in a little hurried way closed our last lecture So let us quickly review a few things about the church in Ephesians and then Bring that to a close. Just look at verses six and seven and then we will move forward so We said as the Lord was Giving his message to the church in Ephesians He had a lot of good things to say about them The Lord is moving among the candlesticks. He's moving among the churches and He is looking at what's happening in every local church and every local community and to The church in Ephesians is he he commenced them said of good things. I know your works They were very diligent people. They've Enduring through hardship They were people who are very discerning They were testing out the false prophets and they were even You know, they were discerning this particular group called the Nicolletians And and they were rejecting them. It's okay, you know, we cannot associate with them So they're very spiritually discerning. They were also very determined they You know, they had persevered and so on but but in the process of all of that Something happened with the only the which the Lord could see and the Lord pointed out he said you have left your first love So it's not that they didn't have their first love. That means, you know They love the Lord but they had left their place of Doing the first works of focusing on Jesus. So that's why the Lord says I need you to repent and I need you to do the first works so there is repentance That is accompanied by works. That means our actions are demonstrating our Change of heart and mind our repentance. So first works are important Doing the first things that are most important. So when we said first love, we said, you know, priority first in time first in devotion are first in In in giving the Lord What he is to you and worship and Seeking him. So he says do the first works And then of course he didn't tell them not to do the things they were doing all of those things are good So this was a very strong message. They because it comes with a very strong warning. He says If you don't do that, I Will remove your candlestick from its place and that's very serious When a candlestick basically saying as a local church because the candlestick represents the local church as a local church You will not have a place in my presence. That is very serious right, so We were you know discussing a little bit last week on how As a community we need to maintain that that As a community, of course, we are going to be engaged in ministry We're going to be engaged in you know doing the things God's called us to do But while we're doing that, we must not miss out We must not leave our first love and we must not stop doing the first works. That's important so the last Point that we were dealing with was was six was a six and seven where he says You know that this church they had the church in Ephesians that I recognized the this group called the Nicolletians So this was a particular Group or you could call it a sect of people It's not much is known about them other than what we can infer We can infer just from the name Nicolletians That this was a just for meaning of the name that this was a group of people where the lady was suppressed the lady was put down and And so that's one of the things and then we also see later on that they were engaged in Immorality idolatry and things like that. So this particular set They were not you know, so the church in Ephesians were very very discerning They didn't let these people infiltrate into the church and so the Lord commenced them for that as well And then he promises them were seven that for overcoming They're going to eat from the tree of life Which is in the midst of the paradise of God. So this is again a very interesting verse because we see the tree of life which we read about or we read about in The Garden of Eden and we again read about in Revelation 22 the tree of life, which is for the Healing or the longevity of the nations doesn't mean, you know The tree is is it's its source but God is the source of health and healing and longevity but he gives the an expression to it through a natural means the tree of life and That is in the midst of the paradise of God. So paradise is in heaven now as Before in contrast to paradise Before the cross before the cross Paradise was in the lower parts of the earth also known as Abraham's bosom. It was a compartment of of The lower part of the earth hell So one side was paradise or Abraham's bosom where the saints were the saints the Old Testament saints were temporarily held And then the Lord Jesus ascended into heaven. He took them into heaven So paradise was transferred into heaven. And so in the New Testament, I mean off the cross in the New Testament Whenever this paradise referenced it is always in heaven. And here's one example in the midst of the paradise of God Okay, any questions about the church in a features before we move forward? Okay, so let's read verses eight through eleven. Please somebody could read it revelation to eight through eleven Please Chapter two was eight through eleven, please And To the angel of the church in the senior year right the words of the first and last we died came to life I know your tribulation and your party, but you are rich and the slander of those who say that they are Jews and not but our Son and God could save them to not fear what you're about to suffer before the devil is about to throw some Some of you Thank you so To the church in Smirna the Lord Recognizes some things he knows that They are in a place where They are being heavily persecuted and in spite of the persecution they are continuing To serve the Lord so he says Verse nine, I know your works But then look at it there is tribulation There is poverty and They are being blasphemed so there is a synagogue of there are there's a group of Jewish people who The Lord calls them as the synagogue of Satan a synagogue simply means an assembly a group gathering of people So these people They are Claiming to be Jews, but the Lord does says no no they are actually a group of people or Empowered by Satan and These that group is blaspheming against or speaking against the church there So the church in Smirna was you know what we would call a persecuted church they were Intribulation they are facing blasphemy and they were also you know, they were not very well-to-do. It's just the Poverty meaning they didn't have too much materially, but he says spiritually or rich spiritually you have it have a lot and in spite of that They were a church who were serving so this is one of the two churches one of so basically Two of the church two of the seven churches. He doesn't call to repent the church in Smirna and the church in Philadelphia so To the church in Smirna he says Don't be afraid of what these people are going to do to you So there's this group whom the Lord calls an assembly of Satan. This is all group is empowered by the devil and They're blaspheming and he says look he's telling them They're going to come and put some of you into prison and For ten days you will be you will have to relation ten days So this could be literally literal ten days or could be just a reference to a short period of time We don't know for sure But he says just be faithful till death and I will give you the crown of life and Notice how he begins in verse eight. He says I'm the one Who was dead and came to life? And then he's calling them to be faithful to death and I will give you the crown of life You see the connection between who he declares himself to be and Reward of the promise that he makes to the church. I Conquer death. I will give you a crown of life. You be faithful unto death. So that's very important for us, right then be when we Want to have conviction About something They need to look to the Lord himself. Who is that? That he is the one who conquered death Who's alive and therefore we have the conviction the assurance of the crown of life So we just have to be faithful to Jesus even unto death Knowing we will receive a crown of life because the one whom we are faithful to He is the one who has conquered death and he has come he came back to life So the church in Smyrna. There's a very short passage about it. I think that the good things for us to take away which is That in spite of the persecution they were working they were serving they were walking and living for Jesus now What is interesting which we will notice When compared in contrast to the church in Philadelphia is And I just want you to think about this In Revelation 3 in 9 chapter 3 verse 9 And the Lord is speaking to the church in Philadelphia. He says to them You also have you're also facing a Synagogue of Satan meaning an assembly of people who are attacking them So there also he mentions synagogue of Satan assembly of people empowered by the devil. They are attacking that you know They're coming against the church But very interesting To the church in Philadelphia. He says I Will make them come and bow at your feet Revelation chapter 3 Verse 9 He says I'll make those with a synagogue of Satan who say they are Jews and nor and are not but lie Indeed, I will make them come and worship before your feet and to know that I have loved you So I want us to think about this There are two churches Smyrna church in Philadelphia They are both facing opposition from this group of People who are attacking them and the Lord calls them both. He calls them the assembly of Satan or assembly of the devil They're both attacking But in the case of Smyrna This synagogue of Satan Is doing harm That is in Revelation 2 verse 10 He says some of you will be put into prison and you're going to suffer and you just have to be faithful unto death To the church in Philadelphia. He says I'm gonna make them come and Worship at your feet and Make them acknowledge that I have loved you at Revelation 3 and verse 9 now. This is kind of perplexing said Lord Two churches They are people one is in Smyrna once in Philadelphia. They are facing this same kind of opposition But why is it that one church suffers and another church seems to be in Dominion one church these people are coming and attacking and putting them into prison and Maybe some of them are killed and here's another church and Those people are coming and bobbing at their feet Why is that this difference? Any thoughts? You understood the question Yes, go ahead. It's a very good observation Just came to my attention now even to have read this before But the only thing that could caught my mind is me because the churches are in different regions so what What the church is minus facing is peculiar to the region they find himself and That of Philadelphia is different that that's only thing I could come to my mind Good anyone else go ahead, please When you are sharing about it the only thing that comes to mind mind is Because it's the sovereignty of God. It's different in different places. I don't and I cannot kill Not able to come to a reason why it's like that Okay anyone else, thank you, you know Kennedy has put in the chat lack of faith Anything else why is it different, you know two churches the Lord Jesus loves both Why could there be this So there's the question was We're comparing Smirna the church in Smirna with the church in Philadelphia Both of them this is comparing revelation to verse 10 and revelation 3 verse 9 both of them are facing opposition by a Similar kind of community called. I mean these are people are claiming to be Jews, but the Lord Jesus is just Calls both of these groups as groups of Satan So both these churches both these local churches are facing opposition But what we are saying what we are seeing is One church is suffering the church in Smirna I believe a revolution to 10 this group comes and put some of them in prison. Maybe even up to death Listen the church in Philadelphia Revelation 3 9 the Lord is saying I will make to come and bow at your feet So that they will know I have loved you So we are trying to understand, you know, why is why would there be this difference of different people are sharing their thoughts? Please go ahead and say Another thing that I would tie to what sister Rupa mentioned was She said the sovereign will could also be the purpose of the church I know it's something difficult for us to or even myself saying it It's difficult to say that a church was raised for the purpose to show how to stand Trials even on to death Could it be that the church? Was raised for that purpose and God wants to do something through that church to show them What it means to stand on to that and then for the church in Philadelphia God wants to show his power over Satan and all those who Devising ways to bring down the church and going against them So it could just be the purpose of God for this church is and we Were simply out in scripture here That's another angle I could come from Okay, good. Thank you Avani As I'm reading the passage pastor I found this verse 10 for the Church of Smyr night says That you are about to suffer, but you may be tested so they are Have to go through their test to prove their obedience and their love for law but on the other side For Philadelphia. He says you have kept my word. I've not denied my name So I think they've already been through the test and they have come out Victorious overcomers and then also he says in verse 10 because you have kept my command to persevere I will keep you from the hour of trial So there is a time of testing which they have already been through they've tested and they have Overcome and for them it is yet to be done. That's my observation from the Very good. Good observation. Good Christopher Provoker He is possible The church of Smirna was the second church and it was Heavy heavy persecuted during the time And both the churches were in There was a lot of time difference between these churches establishments out there So The Smirna church was the second church after the Ephesus or the apostolic church. So people were so much into the So much into the godliness that time but due to the spread of Christianity that time Romans were used to pursue the people of Smirna the Church of Smirna a lot and they stood Through the persecution and some of them had given their lives as it as the matter you know And then the church of Philadelphia is almost coming to the sixth church There are almost people had come through many trials and temptations this stood by and in other ways like the church of Philadelphia is called the judgment our church where people have to be strict to their Their roots and God said that I will open a door which no one will close So they might be the opportunity that most of the Christians during that time in the Philadelphia one where Learn a lot from their previous churches and and I guess their strength come from their their ancestors and also They they were more spiritually mature and saw all the things As compared to the people of Smirna so I think comparison between the second church and the sixth church was was Just because of the time zones they were into and the kind of the kind of environmental Issues are political issues or are the government changes and many things They went through so That is one of the main cultural or historical differences between the Smirna and fill it with the egg is passed. Thank you So how much time difference was there between Smirna and Philadelphia Smirna was like established Hundred eighty to three thirteen eighty hundred eighty to three thirteen eighty and When was John living John was exactly a pastor John So when was the book of Revelation written 8090? approximately So, how could you say Smirna was three thirteen eighty? Faster it was like I went into researches and all that so yeah, so that research is wrong Okay, okay remember in chapter one when we began this whole study Yes, we said we should not do exactly what you're saying We said that when we began Revelation, you know based on Revelation 119 The Lord Jesus told John write the things which are so these seven churches were existing in John's time and I did mention that you will find a lot of writings where people have taken the seven churches and Extrapolated them to refer to seven time periods, which is wrong Okay, pastor. Thank you. The seven churches were there during John's time. That means they were all there at the same time During 8090 so John is speaking to them. The Lord is speaking to them through John They were existing right there at the same time, right? So We shouldn't I mean at least I would I would suggest not to adopt this I mean, there are a lot of books a lot of things right and you can't just accept everything you have to reason you to think We shouldn't accept people who's you know Revelation 119 the Lord is saying right to these churches not right to seven time periods Right to these seven church. These were literal churches at that time So they were all there at the same time. In fact, they were established in a Paul established the church in Ephesians Acts 19 and He trained people and we know You know these seven churches along with church in Colossae church and you know, they were all in the vicinity You know, so They were all there and these seven churches all then very close to each other The people who were pasting leading the churches or who have planted churches were most likely trained by the Apostle Paul During that time. So that's the history which we discussed in chapter one Okay, but thanks. Thanks. Thank you for sharing Yeah So Chris. Yeah, Christopher, you were going to say something Yes, I actually quite similar to one of the other people saying But I one of the things I didn't know this was that I inferred basically from from the church in Philadelphia Is that you know, they had the right attitude and they were they were they were doing good works which It got recognized and therefore, you know, he was sort of Helping them in this in this process of you know dealing with You know with potential issues that that they were facing. So yeah, the right attitude, I think was was there and also the works that they were doing Okay, so I see the comments in the chat Protection at their level of understanding our share rights, they were not keen to keep the word and also lack of knowledge Maxon shares obedience and faith the church before God Come below maybe strength ability But the one or her The the church in Philadelphia kept the word kept the command. Yeah, so good. I know I just want to thank everyone Thank you for all sharing all your thoughts and you know, that's the whole point here to just look at all the You know the perspectives that we can bring now obviously It is not stated here The Lord is not saying because of this and because of that, you know, it's an explicitly stated so we should just try to Draw what we can from the information that's given and was about the church in Smyrna about the church in Philadelphia now There is no variableness on the side of God. That means on the Lord's side the head of the church He has no favorites and he loves the church in Smyrna as much as he loves the church in Philadelphia or Ephesians or any other location. He loves them equally. There is no, you know favoritism. There's no variableness from God's side so the variables would be on our side, right here on earth and Obviously, there there are there is some very, you know, we were just I'll just use the term variables There are some variables that are causing this difference in experience Between the two churches, even though they are facing somewhat a similar Opposition that basically the opposition is coming from he in both the cases He mentions a group of people who are calling themselves Jews, but they're actually empowered by Satan, right? So What we do know is that there were Jewish brethren Jewish people many people Judaizers who are attacking the Christians. We know that so the primary opponents were the Judaizers the People from the Jewish people were attacked, you know, and we know historically people like Saul and others. They attacked the believers So the church what he said to the facing opposition from a synagogue of Satan these people are actually empowered by the devil So the variables are on our side Now we don't know for sure, but I think all the observations that we shared here were very good And if I were to put it in one sentence, I would just say that the churches were in a different spiritual level or spiritual state, right? They were in different spiritual state one They were there at the same time they were there at the you know during this time John was writing 80 90 They must all have been started between AD Early 60s to now it's early 90s So then these churches would happen about 30 years of it 30 years old is how do you know that because? Paul the apostle Paul On a third missionary journey, which was around was the early part of 86 80s, you know He was on a third missionary journey when he came to Ephesians and he started the church in Ephesians He spent three years there So we know the church in Ephesians was planted sometime in early 60 80 60 Here we are 80 90 when John is writing so about 30 years and these other churches all started around the same time So these all these churches about 30 years into their spiritual journey But they're in a different spiritual level That means 30 years of elapsed all these seven churches have existed for approximately 30 years But they're in a spiritual they're in a different spiritual level as we will compare we can compare all the seven churches You know as very once we read all of them you can contrast Hey, they're all they they all were planted during the apostolic time Paul and you know the people he trained So they all lived out approximately the same duration of time But spiritually they're in a different place Some are in a very bad spiritual place like we will see the church and laudicea the church in Sardis they're not in a very good spiritual place But some of them are in a good spiritual place church in Philadelphia, they're in a place of authority dominion so the spiritual journey they have made Contributes to the variables that we can see now The observations that you've different ones we've made you know terms of attitude the terms of them having endured testing demonstrating the commitment to God and the word of God and You know Holding on enduring and all of the different I think all of those are very important but those are what bring us into a different spiritual level in contrast to That would have brought the church in Philadelphia to a different spiritual level in contrast to the church and smirna which existed about the same time but The Lord said okay, you need to go you have to go through this you got to be tested All right, so That's what we can in for and I'm not saying that this is you know chapter in words because it's not given for us But I think it's good to think through and say okay, you know, what is it is there can be differences Between local church communities even though they've all existed the same period for same duration of time Spiritually there are in different place and therefore, you know, you're seeing what they're going through That doesn't mean that the Lord loves anyone any less than the other right on God's side There is no variation On our side, we are making a spiritual journey. And so there are differences Okay So let's go to and I've spent a lot more time than I wanted go ahead say please Thank you pastor. I was just wondering in relation to what you're seeing now is Is there can we observe something about how Jesus Christ introduces himself to each church? He introduces himself to each other differently So does this tie into what you said the dimension to which a church grows is to which the Lord would manifest himself? because he introduces himself differently as related to whether it's an issue or whether it's It's just it's something they're doing good or doing well, so I don't know if that ties into what you're saying sir Yeah We can observe that definitely we can observe that as And that's a good observation to make like how the Lord introduces himself to each local church It is ink. Do you see a correlation between how his introduction to either What he observes in them or what he's calling them to do, you know, so for example When he introduces himself to the church in Ephesus, he's saying look, I am like the invigilator, you know I'm the one who's looking at everything and I'm watching what's going on You know, so in other words, he's saying look you've got everything good, but I can see beyond that I can see where you are spiritually. You've left your first love, you know, so she kind of introduces himself that way To the church like we just mentioned the church and smithernize saying look I'm the giver of life So even if you have to die, hey, you know that you're going to get a crown of life So there is a correlation In how the Lord introduces himself to each church and what they're going through Okay, let's try to move fast. I just Spend too much time here Revelation chapter 2. Let's move please to verses 12 through 17 3 verses each please somebody could read And to the angel of the church in Bergamos, right These things as he who has the sharp to its sword I know your works and where you dwell With their sittings thrown is and you hold fast my name and did not did not deny my faith Even in the days in which Antipas was my faithful martyr was killed among you with sitting dwells But I have a few things against you If you have there those who hold the doctrine of Balaam Who taught Balak to put a stumbling block before the children of Israel To And to commit sexual immorality Thus you also have those who hold the doctrine of the Nicolletians thing I hate Depend or else I will come to quickly and fight against them with the sword of my mouth He who has a beer let him hear what the spirit says to the churches To him who comes I will give some of the hidden manna to eat And I will give him a white stone and on the stone a new name written Which no one knows except him who receives it Thank you so I just want to bring our attention to another aspect the issue of doctrine or doctrine is a Old english word for teaching and what do we teach what the the doctrine in these two churches that is the The church in Pagamos, which we are looking at right now As well as the church in Taira We see the lord highlighting the importance of doctrine and the effect of doctrine On the local church In both these you know for both these churches So it's very interesting if you look everywhere He says doctrine doctrine or teaching if you underline that you'll see he talks a lot about that and you find that to to the church in Pagamos He says, you know, again, this is a church That is living in a very difficult city Jesus says it is verse 13 is it's where Satan's throne is. I mean In this city in Pagamos Certainness having so much of influence. He's got his throne there very difficult city And there are cities like that Where there is so much of demonic influence and this Pagamos was one of those And Jesus just recognizes, you know, Satan's got his throne there in that city And but still the believers that they are holding on to the word of the Lord Jesus And one of them was even martyred And killed among them. So, you know But they are facing persecution or threat to their life They're living in a very Demonic city a city where Satan has his throne Now in such a kind of a city, what would be Satan's strategy? You can understand that in such a kind of a city Satan would try to infiltrate the church through doctrine Wrong doctrine and Jesus points of two kinds of wrong doctrines during that time Which this church the church in Pagamos had to defend itself against He says there is there are those who are teaching the doctrine of Balaam Basically There was this teaching that was saying, you know, it's okay to eat things offered to idols and to commit immorality That's Jesus referring to it that teaching as the doctrine of Balaam Then there is was the doctrine of the Nicoletians. We've mentioned that in the earlier church Church in Smyrna the teaching of the Nicoletians again Just by the name Nicoletians, Nicol means to have a thought dominion Latians the laity so to have authority on the ladies, you know, what people Interpret this particular group to be us And Jesus says I hate this very strong words verse 15 the doctrine of the Nicoletians Which I hate so there are certain doctrine Or kinds of teaching that Jesus says I hate that kind of teaching In this particular case going by the name of the group. It was a teaching that would suppress the laity And He also says here this doctrine of Balaam So the problem with the church in Pagamos ears they Let these doctrines creep into the church Because he says verse 14 I have a few things against you except the two verse 14 in other words You didn't guard yourself against you should have of course you should have you know You should have protected the church from this but it's come in and Therefore he's saying look I I got this against you and he calls them to repent Otherwise I'm going to speak my Doctorate my word. It's very interesting as we saw as you mentioned earlier how we introduce himself to the church Right. He says look, I've got a sharp to it. It's sword in my hand meaning. I am also somebody who speaks Speaking my word my word is a double-edged sword What was their problem? They were letting the wrong words come in And he's saying if you don't repent, I'm going to speak my word Right and this time this word is going to Not just you know, the double-edged sword can be a blessing set you free or the double-edged Sword can penetrate and and and bring about judgment because I will fight against them with the sword of my mouth the people of come in who are Causing all these problems, you know, I did so it's going to be shaking in that particular Congregation because the Lord is going to start judging these people who have somehow come in To the congregation and they are They have infiltrated that congregation with this wrong teaching So he says You overcome You're going to eat the manner the good food the spiritual food that I'm going to give and a new name so What can we take away from this? We have to as I'm talking about incense of a local church We have to protect the local church From people who bring in because that's what ultimately happened, you know Hey Verse 16 I will fight against them or the people who held on to this doctrine who came in So we have to protect so in those days It was the doctrine of Balaam It was the doctrine of the Nicolatians today here. We are in the 21st century There are other kinds of doctor So can you imagine you know You know Wrong kinds of doctrine people are bringing it in and If the church today embraces that The Lord is going to speak to us the same way He says look I hate that I hate that doctrine or that kind of teaching Because it's not aligned to who he is. It's not aligned to his teaching The right teaching comes from his mouth The sword comes from his mouth. His word is what should be filling his church but then when we Permit wrong things to come in Then he says look then I will need to judge these people. They'll be shaking in the church and That's going to be painful at that time Any thoughts any questions on this? Okay So let's please take a quick break And we need to pick up a little speed Let's try to finish Chapter three I mean finish from chapter two verse 18 to If you can do till end of chapter three, that'll be good. Let's try it. Okay So I come back in 10 minutes and go forward. Thank you


The next presentation will be by Julie Voss, Tunde Vagatkin and Michael Lavin, and their presentation is entitled 30 Years of Research in Learning Technology. And there's three of you, so you're going to have to fight over the two mics. I think my co-presenters are going to stand the audience for the time being. So hi there, I'm Julie Voss, I'm head of digital education at City University, and a team of us have been working on 30 years of research in learning technology. And this idea came about probably about nine years ago when I did a MOOC on corpus linguistics. Yes, I did complete a MOOC. I know not many people did, but it was a fascinating MOOC and it got me inspired. And it's taken me this long because I've done a PhD between then and now to actually get to the point of doing this research. But I raised the idea with Tunde and the editorial team and they've kindly come on the journey with us. Okay, so what is research in learning technology? Well, hopefully you all know, but it is the peer reviewed open access journal from ALT. And this research project was to look at all the journal articles from 1993 up to 2022. So we've done a content analysis, we've looked at an author analysis in terms of the locations of the authors, and then a structural analysis. So looking at how the editorial board and the role of the editorials have changed. Okay, so the journal was launched in 1993. Some of you may have known it as ALT J. There's some examples on the slides of some of the previous copies, and I think we've seen some through the Museum of ALT as well. There have been 785 articles published between 93 and 2022. The majority have been what's been termed original research articles, but there's also been a flavor of other things. So editorials, these have been articles written by the editors, and these are going to be covered in Tunde's section. Then obviously original research, but also two other types. So we've got discussion. So these were typically responses to published articles. They started in 1998, but the majority were between 2002 and 2007, and they were followed up with a response from the author. So this is quite interesting. So I think there's one piece where Jilly Salmon wrote an article, and then somebody critiqued it, and then she wrote a response back. So they're quite nice to have a look at. And then there were 12 what were called reviews, and these were typically literature reviews, but at one point in the journals history, there was a dedicated editor for book reviews as well. And just looking at where the journal articles are focused, we did a sort of sector analysis, and the majority have been about higher education. And I think in the early years of the journal, it was primarily aimed at higher education, but we've seen a change over time. So about 68% overall have been from higher education. And this has been fairly consistent. So between 60 to 75% through each of the decades that we've looked at. There have been increases in schools and FE, but there's been no FE focused articles so far this decade. So there's still a few years left, don't worry about it. And we'll talk about how you can get published in the journal later on. So we're going to try a quick poll just to find out what your experience has been with the research in learning technology journal so far. So I'm just going to see if I can set that one up. So it is opening the poll. I don't know if anyone's managed to get in so far. Okay. Let me try and open it on my one, because that's showing us no internet access, but I'm assuming it is working. Yeah, we need to interlude music, don't we? Okay, let's view this one. Right, for some reason the internet's not working on that one. Okay, so have you been an editor or a member of the editorial board contributor, regular reader, occasional reader. Have you heard of it but never engaged with it? I know you can select all that apply. Oh, it should be, you can select all. Okay, so I think the majority are occasional readers, you've read fewer than 10 articles per year. And some people have never heard of RLT before today, so welcome. This will be an exciting journey for you and hopefully you'll be inspired to publish at the end of it. Okay, let me just go back to the slides. This is the section on content analysis. That was myself and my colleague Ivana from City University. And we've looked at the articles, the research articles themselves. So we took what was called a corpus linguistics analysis, so based on what I learned during this MOOC of 680 research articles, and we primarily focused on the titles and abstracts. We didn't do the full article. We did some other studies in this sort of area, just focus on titles and abstracts because that's quite a lot of content already. So what we did was we created some word lists and these were based on sort of the frequency. So how often words occur, but we also excluded common English words. So things like A, the, as well as some of the words that would crop up in a journal like paper, study and research. So these are our top 10 words. It's good to see learning and students at the top. Always good. And then technology online education and we'll look at how these have changed over the decades. We then followed up with what was called key words in context. So looking at words that appear with alongside other words. So what words appear next to learning now. It's the Association for Learning Technology. You'd like to think technology appears quite commonly next to the word learning. So it's sort of co located words again words that are co located regularly next to each other. And then we look to the dispersion so whether some of the words are sort of in clusters in a particular decade or just a particular group of articles, or whether it's spread throughout the whole of the corpus so throughout the decades. And we use this tool called and con can I have got some hidden slides if anyone is interested in looking at this tool later on. But it's an interesting tool. It's very simple and very quick to use and to generate these frequency lists to look at. So looking at the top 10 words by decade we can see that learning and students have always been at the top and again that that's nice you know you sort of feel that the focus on student experience came about around sort of 2012. When people started going students consumers are actually paying for something now we need to do more but actually there's always been a focus on learning and students. Some of the other changes in language that you can see, you've got like computer is quite heavily used in the 1990s, but less so it sort of drops off the list from the sort of 2000s onwards. Technology we see rise up, but you also see the rise of terms like digital and online coming through that weren't really present in the 90s. So what we've done is we've taken a couple of words to look at the language change over time. So these are, you can see computer again strong in the 90s but it really drops off down to sort of 2000s and 20s. Technology is the sort of blue line at the top that's just fairly sort of standard, but you can see the rise of terms like online so that's the yellow line, so coming up from very low down in the 1990s up to the 2020s. So that's the percentage, it's a very, very small percentage, because actually when you look at a large corpus the majority are your common words. So, you know, the frequencies we're looking at our I think computer appears probably about 200 times out of a corpus of, you know, like a well over sort of 10,000 words if not more. There are very, very small percentages. So what we've got is another poll, which is just to find out well the Germans called research in learning technology but do you have a preferred term to describe the field. I'll just move on to the next one. I've got a few responses coming through so learning technology seems quite popular ed tech or educational technology, digital education enhancement. Yeah. Class learning. Sottle. Yeah, quite a few different ones here. Digital education, digital learning so quite a variant on a theme to the sort of education learning digital. So what we've done is we've had a focus on the terminology that people have used. And again, looking at the frequency that these words have appeared. What we've done is we've combined some of them when we talked about sort of computer. The whole range of terms that we used in the 90s it could be computer based computer assisted computer aided mediated computer mediated tend to be used in conjunction with the term communication but all the others were used in terms alongside other terms like instruction assessment, a variety of different uses. So we saw computer was very strong in the 90s. In the 2000s we've seen a learning sort of pops up and becomes the most prominent one and there's been a rise in the use of sort of it, ICT and see an IT so information and communication technologies. And one thing we found when we were doing the analysis was, we saw a pocket of articles which suddenly referred to something called information and learning technology. And when you look into the detail it ties it back to a small group of articles who all got funding through an FE strand, which was called that. So it's interesting to see where these pockets just pop up and then disappear off again. And we've seen learning technology actually seen the decline since the 2000s, which is interesting, you know, given the strength of Alt. You know, it's a term that seems to be dropping down but we've always had this sort of mix of terminology and you see the terminology changing. We're going more towards digital technologies. So in the 2010s, technology enhanced or technology enabled learning was one of the most popular terms. And then the 2020s we've seen most of the terms that we had previously declined in use in favor of digital. The primary term that we found is digital technologies but interestingly, no one so far has written about digital education or digital learning. Many of us have those in their job titles my team is a digital education team. So it's interesting that that's not coming through in the articles at the moment. We also looked at learning in general so we looked at the top five words that were co located with learning. We've again you're looking at terms like collaborative and distance so they were quite big in the 1990s but a smaller percentage but then you see this e learning shoots up again. We also had the rise of the term online learning. But so far in the 2020s we've only had a third of the articles that mentioned it. Sorry, a third of the mentions all came from one article. So this is how some of the data can be skewed because we've only had three years of data. It can be skewed by one article so that's the challenge of looking at it when you haven't got complete decades. But we've mapped the on the chart the five overall learning terms that have been found. And you can see how they've changed over time. Another thing we did was we we mapped it according to what the journal says are some of their top themes. So things like online learning distance learning mobile learning. We can see that mobile learning peaks in the sort of 2000s and 2010s. And the majority of these mentions are between 2007 2012. And then it sort of drops off again it seems like, you know, as in the 90s computer was the main thing, then suddenly we'll all everything's mobile and now it's just digital stuff. You know, we're not so worried about the devices themselves. In the 90s we saw flexible and distance learning was quite high but flexible is sort of declined quite rapidly from the 2000s. So it's interesting to see how the terminology has changed over time and and you do still see pockets of people talking about computer based there were I think the the latest point we saw that was in 2018 so you're still seeing these references throughout the literature. I'm going to hand over to Tunde who's going to talk. Sorry, Michael is going to talk about the author analysis. Just the next slide. Yeah. Is he just here. Yep, just. Thanks. Together with James Brunton is from Dublin City University and he did the bulk of this work. We took a look at the authorship of articles since 1993 it was sobering. If you take a kind of cursory look at this pattern it looks broadly healthy that scholarship from outside the UK. As a proportion of the scholarship we publish is on a upward trajectory well that's true. They're not exactly like and like categories. One is the United Kingdom. Two is the entire rest of the planet. I think if we disaggregate this data. We find that we're a heavily or historically have been a heavily UK centric publication in terms of where the publications come from. And this is problematic because research and learning technology describes itself as an international journal. We've got the do nothing option because we can say well look the general trend seems to be improving. I think we struggle to say that's quite adequate. I think we need to do more. I think one of the that's going to be all kinds of points of value for the exceptional work that Julie's been leading on. But I think once we have the finished article we have to take the data from that. And then use that to inform our next strategic iteration of the journal so that we have a healthier set of statistics next time around. Julie you're okay to pop the next one on for me. We take a look at it here again the overall trend is encouraging the number of countries that contribute scholarship is increasing just a quick methodological note the way we work this out. What we looked at the first author of each journal article we looked at their academic affiliation and took that as the country of origin, the workplace of the first author. Again the overall picture is encouraging but if we think about two categories there's still definite room for improvement. And if we look other than the UK at the countries that are producing more than 10 articles. We still see we're not doing enough I think to develop technology enhanced learning scholarship from the developing world and in our next strategic phase. I think that's really an area that we need to focus on. If we were toward our self a mark I think we're at the B minus could do better mark but I think this data set is precisely what's going to inform proper strategic steps to put us in a healthier place with the next generation. Thank you Julie. Thanks Michael. Hello today. Yeah, thank you so with Sarah honey church and Liz Bennett we looked at the structural analysis of the journals so that was looking at the mode of publication the name and also the editorial board. I think Julie already said that a big pivotal change in the journals history was going changing name and I guess reflecting the focus in 2011. And then in 2012 going open access and I think the edits one of the editors responsible for that marvelous changes in the room as well. So, I think that I will come back to that because what that meant, obviously that everyone had access to the journal and this is true going backwards as well. So it's a very welcoming and open space for any of you who haven't published yet to consider that. So that change also gone hand in hand in hand, sorry, whatever with going from discrete issues to rolling volumes and I'll come back to that in a minute. And the other thing that was very interesting for us to look through the special issues and the conference proceedings that was a big history of this conference and people presenting and you presenting your work then translating that into journal articles. So I think that was that's really reflected in in us looking through the last 30 years. And we also looked at the editor editorial team and editorial board composition, looking at the country representation, and also just what the roles were. So for those of you who might be new to publishing and just in terms of the editorial team and the editorial board members responsible for the strategic decisions and influence about the journal and editors are also responsible for welcoming in the and allocating them for review and also for desk rejection. So that there's an important and volunteer role for this. So looking at the structure of that already in 93 we had an editor and two associate editors and that hasn't really changed that much with some, some periods where there was some specialist roles for editors like as Julie mentioned the discussion paper. There was a public editor looking after those papers in that period. Perhaps what you notice is that today we've got editor in chief, Michael, and seven editors supporting him with all the work and that just signals that there is a really healthy submission and and traffic in to the journal which is great. In terms of members that members of the editorial board I think that reflects what Michael was talking about representing, we've got really good representation from countries but also there is scope for, for looking at that and widening. And just finally, maybe a remark around so female representation on the editorial board is very pleasing because we have got about 70%. Yeah, thank you. Okay. Yeah, the next one I think is that. Oh yeah so we also looked at. So that's probably for the period when we had the issues rather than the rolling structure, when there was an editorial from a piece of writing to headline the issue that particular issue. So looking at looking through that they, they took up a really important space I mean words are power as we know it. So they served various purposes so for instance some were about highlighting and focusing some really important areas for research things that we should care about as researchers. For instance around inclusion or accessibility. Other editorials were close to action around establishing research centers, and then also this seems to be a recurrent theme around navigating the tension, but do we report our practice. So I mean as we were dealing with various theorizing our field. So it's how we balance those, and then also those editorials took a role in shaping the values again that we should care about to maintain the quality of research in our field. So on the round looking outward to external pressures, such as ref or, I mean, if some of you may remember the going of back to our or so to some of the external pressures that were impacting our field. And some of them were involved looking for instance, when we were explaining about the changes about the open source and why those. I think. Yeah, and then Julie you covered the discussion articles. Okay, I think I think that's probably enough to go on to. Yeah. And so just a final bit one of the editorials. You know, was reflecting on technology, and says you know it may be that having given students the tools in the form of learning technology with which to access and manipulate digital edge information we need to rethink our examining criteria where it comes to project work, at the undergraduate level now. This sounds quite current doesn't it but what year do you think this was from. It was, yep, 93 it was issue one volume two and it was one of the editorials, but it's funny how the conversations come background and it's been fascinating looking through some of the older journal articles. So just hand over to Michael who just mentioned if you are interested in publishing in the journal. I had a look at the very first edition of the journal as part of the work I've been doing. And it did notes the something to keep an eye on was this emergent technology called word which seems to be quite popular.  The current editorial team has been in post citations of reason what this means for those of you who may not be familiar with the journal academic publishing in general, is that other scholars use research and learning technology more than they used to we're on an upward trend. Now we can simply do nothing and hope that continues. I think we want to do more to try and push that forward at a conscious level and I think one way to do that is to think well what do we do that's distinctive if you do any research in this field you'll you'll know you don't have to look far to find a learning technology journal. So if we were to try and advance our journal what do we do that's distinctive. I think one of the things that really kept me coming back to all conferences over the years is talking with people who do the job. If I want to talk with fellow academics I can just stay in my department at King's, but I don't. I'd rather come here and listen to people who do the job who work in learning design who work in the back office of technology, who are real. If you like cold face workers in this space because I think the, the knowledge they grew, and the insights they produce are really lucid. I think to some of you who may not be people who publish in academic circles what can we do to support you. So in I think in the next iteration we're going to do more with the old blog. If you haven't done much academic publishing before speak to us about writing a blog piece will support you that blog pieces impactful and having it speak to us about what we can do to develop and just state that work into an academic article. On the other angle, if you write an academic article and we accept it, we will invite you to write a 500 word summary piece for the blog. I think we're going to use the editorial board of whom we haven't spoken much day and at the stratum above us editorial team to think well what can we do at the strategic level Julie's article is going to give us the data on which we can devise the strategy, and then gets percolated down to the editorial team, which then we use the journal and the blog, and let's rather than cross our fingers and hope for enhancement let's build it into what we do but it will be predicated on the outstanding work that Julie has done. Thank you very much. Thanks to both of my co presenters and the rest of the team we've been a fascinating walk down memory lane for some of us. See if cables. That's why we're all here we're learning technologies cables everywhere. We do have around three minutes just for questions and I. I did see your hand go up first. So, let's fight to the death. Thank you very much. Thank you for that. I am interested to hear how do you position yourself against other journals that do pretty much the same like, for example, be jet, or I mean what in terms of impact factors, I mean, tell us a little bit about that. And the editor in chief. Thank you. I'm not on the editorial team so over to you Michael. I mean, one we're not suing a rival strategy. Because I think we know we're all operating the same field we support each other in my own published work and was likely to use BJ as I am to use rlt I think I have no brand loyalty as a scholar, because I think you're just looking for where the most relevant thing is. Right there what do we do. I do think if we can just find our distinctiveness which is there in the practitioner level and look how we develop practitioner into writer I think for me that's where I think we should be heading, but I'm one voice amongst an editorial team. So yes, I mean you really don't have to look far to find a journal that works in learning technology. I mean, it's interesting how you see these kind of waves of what's fashionable coming in. We're starting to get a lot of AI related submissions because of how high AI is at the moment. I'm currently peer reviewing a paper for computers and education and guess what it's about AI. So I think those waves of what's in and what's out will come and go, but I think where we have a real you. The whole unique selling point is that yeah sorry I don't feel comfortable with myself and I use that language I feel slightly sully now I'm really sorry. But I think our USP is that practitioner core and I think that's what I'd like to see us develop over the next iteration of the journal it's next strategy phase thank you and strategy phase is awful as well. The light is rising I think we're now in Q1 so we're quarter one. I think by the time I hand I step down as editor in chief and my own view is no one should do more than five years in the role because you start to ossify a little and it just becomes part of what you do instead of driving it forward. The real target I'd love to see us in the top 15% by then, but you know there's the cross your fingers and hope strategy and there's the actual take step strategy and we have to pursue the latter. Thank you. We've got time for one more question were three hands previously, but some people have slipped down. She was first and running. They never said it'd be this stressful to chair. I'm not going to be able to answer this question very quickly but talking about the corpus linguistics methodology. Obviously you've done the first stage where you've looked at the words and the data the concordance lines etc. But what about the second stage what conclusions have you drawn from that data. What do you think that data tells you about the development of the field since 1990s. That's the next bit the research that we're going to be doing. We've been looking up the paper and mentioning BJ they actually did a study of their 50 years, and that that was one of the sort of inspirations for this as well so we've been looking at some of our themes and how they compare there. But yeah the next bit is looking at the trends. I do work on the size of technology enhanced learning survey so trying to tie in with some of the data that we've got there as well. So, yeah, maybe we'll come back next year and tell you. That does bring us.


Good morning everybody and welcome after that very prescriptive and stern warning on the rules to be followed Let me lighten the atmosphere a bit we're all teachers here and the Only objective behind Mukta statement was to ensure that we put ourselves as Eminently replicable role models to all of our students when we go back in India unfortunately Time is treated as an entity eternal and therefore There is not much belief and conviction in following minute nuances of exact timings for events to start and exact timings for events to end Sadly, this is not what the developed world follows And in fact one of the artistic of the development of human society is this pension for extreme social discipline While maintaining extreme form of self independence and freedom These are not contradictory Expectations these can be fulfilled. There are societies which are showing how they can be fulfilled in some respects We need to learn those things social discipline including sense of timing. I think is very essential and That is what we in our own small way try to ensure So forget the rules. It is just that we have to do it period not because somebody else is saying so But because we believe that we ought to do it I'm also happy to welcome a whole lot of Professors from Science stream. It's not very often that we do that most of our workshops in the past have been on technical subjects primarily relating to engineering education But in jing and science are two things which are inseparable as a matter of fact knowledge In fact cannot be divided surgically into different segments because the knowledge is an Indivisible entity So as I was saying we have sadly Although rightly divided knowledge into several segments in our own science and technical education We have several branches. We don't treat science as science alone We treat it as physics chemistry maths biology, whatever whatever We treat engineering as civil engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering And yet we all realize that there's not a single real-world problem Which we train our students to solve comes with a nice tag Saying I'm an electrical engineering problem or I'm a physics problem or I'm a finance problem The real world simply says I'm a problem. Solve me and that is what we expect our students to do. Sadly our training while exquisite has not adequately succeeded in telling our students to think holistically and to solve problems Taking knowledge from all different domains. These domains are essential because the fast-growing body of knowledge requires That you can you cannot handle that knowledge if it is mixed with every other. So you need segmentation But you also need a holistic integration at some point We do believe that a part of our activity as teachers is not only to do justice to the topic that we are dealing with But also related to the other topics other domains and other fields So that some part of holistic education is served by whatever we tell our students a Brief about these teachers training program. Although you may be aware of major details We started Synchronous distance education from nineteen ninety eight ninety nine after some experimentation and from the year 2000 formally We use v-sats to connect to multiple remote centers I recall we had four remote centers at that time first time and the v-sats introduced a whole lot of delay in any audio visual interaction that we had Subsequently our sister institution Amruta University developed a software called a view which we started using for Interaction and delivering live interactive lectures using internet in the year 2008 we were requested by the Ministry of HRD Whether we can scale up the teachers training program at that time we proposed that we can train up to 1,000 teachers at a time Which was a novel idea the traditional workshops as all of you know many of you would have attended IST or AICT workshops like that or UGC workshops two week workshops are generally conducted at a single place four or five expert faculty engage about 40 to 50 teachers who undergo an extensive training and these 40 50 teachers are supposed to then take that knowledge Add to it by their own work and expose it to students that has been the normal traditional teacher training program It was very obvious that such programs will not do when the nation suddenly ballooned its existing Colleges from about 200 to 4500 approximately as of yesterday evening every day more colleges are being added Given the propensity of students wanting to do technical courses Fortunately that number by the way has stabilized only about 1.25 million students are seeking admission to engineering colleges every year for last three years Although the number of engineering colleges continue to grow and therefore the number of vacant seats in engineering keep increasing Which is a very artificial thing. Anyway, I digress the point is these Roughly five million students at the undergraduate level and a very large number at the postgraduate level demands an adequate number of teachers And you would agree that many of the teachers in most of our science and engineering colleges are not necessarily adequately experienced or even adequately qualified in most advanced countries PhD is a minimum requirement for anyone to become a teacher It is still not so in India. It was not so for many years by When I joined this institute as a teacher I had just an M. Tech degree and that is because in those days in computer science. You did not have PhDs In fact, when I joined as a teacher along with some younger colleagues My other colleagues from other departments used to laugh at us saying unparred log. I had him a part of it Because it was considered that unless you have a PhD you are nobody I Used to remind them that ten years earlier their departments were exactly in the similar situation Where many people were doing PhDs while they were teaching just as we did Fortunately the times have changed but Unfortunately the facilities and opportunities have not yet become adequate for our young teachers to both acquire their PhD degrees and to continue doing research while serving in a majorly educational institution. Now that dilemma will be sorted out independently, but the fact remains that both for emerging pedagogy of teaching and for addition of knowledge that happens in every subject It is important that adequate training programs be conducted for teachers and to serve the large number of teachers We initiated the scheme. The idea was that we have would establish a few remote centers. We established about 30 remote centers Participating teachers in these workshops will assemble at each of the remote centers Where interactive lectures will be delivered from IIT Bombay in the morning sessions and in the afternoon session under the leadership of a coordinator 30-40 teachers at each remote center will engage in tutorials, laboratory sessions, discussions, etc. That model succeeded well because we also insisted on one more thing Many people told us the Extensive lectures interactive lectures would be delivered by the great faculty or the great experts. So that is fine But how do you ensure that the afternoon sessions are conducted with the same rigor and with the same pinch and for quality as is expected to be done if they have come to IIT Bombay and That is where we based our faith on the workshop coordinators who are local expert teachers teaching that subject To take the mental on our behalf and that is when we started conducting the coordinators workshop This is one such coordinator So you now know what is cut out for you you come here spend a week with us It is not a one-way traffic You will interact with us telling us the problem that you face while teaching this subject The lab issues that you have or anything else the syllabus that you teach the exams that you conduct our colleagues will tell you the way the subject is taught at IIT and some other well-known places and The way they would like to conduct the main training two months later when that happens in December But the point is that you will be required to undergo Exactly same rigorous training as you and we together wish our Participating teachers to under because each one of us as you know is a perpetual student And it is useful to submit ourselves as student of a particular topic if you want to teach it better That is how we all learn any This model succeeded we got very good feedback from people and in the year 2012 we are requested whether we can scale it up further By an order of magnitude. So we perceived this T10 KT program Thanks to Prasakannan who is here. He was my copia. He'll speak to you later about several other mission projects But this trend ten thousand teachers at a time is a very massive program Attempts to engage up to ten thousand teachers. It does not mean that exactly ten thousand teachers in most of our workshops The teachers participating have been numbering around anywhere between three thousand to seven thousand which itself is an extraordinarily large We believe that globally there is no comparable program anywhere else in the world and we're quite proud of running it very successfully Thanks to a large team of People who help us running this program and a large number of faculty members who are willing to go out of their way To give their time energy to conduct this program. You will be spending one week here Professor Dipan Ghosh and Professor Shubh Rasad This sea of my colleagues will be engaging with you. They will speak to you later about the courses But let me just very briefly tell you about The stalwarts that we have amongst our myths Dipan is my contemporary my senior of course with my contemporary I still fondly remember early 70s when we used to play a bridge in a staff hostel room and since then There is one common thing between him and me which is very curious in the last 15 20 years Whenever we meet our alumni our students anywhere in the world Whenever I meet them, they will fondly remember me for teaching them CS 101 and Enquire equally fondly about Dipan Ghosh who taught them PH 101. Two of us have had this Amazing passion to engage young students to teach the fundamental courses He's a stalwart and I'm grateful to him for having agreed to come and join us in spite of the fact that he has formally retired now, right? Yes Professor Shiv Prasad is an equal stalwart again passionate about training young people in basics Both of them by the way have been amazing administrators as well and have handled many a great Responsibilities, but their penchant for teaching Perpetually remains with us and I'm thankful to both these senior colleagues for having agreed to participate in this workshop There's a third colleague of ours Prasad is not here because he has his regular course exam and as you know a teacher will not miss any Engagement that is required. I must digress and tell you that I have heard that in many colleges Lectures are often not held in time and sometimes not held at all Now by the way, this is unheard of in IIT Bombay simply unheard of I've been teaching here for 45 years I have not seen a single semester not starting on the appointed day and not ending on the appointed I have not seen a lecture announced at 8 30 not starting at 8 30 If there are extinguishes the teachers will announce her replacement and will conduct those lectures to replace that Occasionally requesting colleagues to take care of why I say this is that while we may be teaching physics or electrical engineering or computer science They're also teaching our students some values They're also teaching us to some disciplines and this has to be part and parcel of our ethos So the first request I would make by the way is when those teachers assemble at your place If you say 9 o'clock, you will start sharp at 9 o'clock not at 1 minute past 9 Please mark my words not at 1 minute past 9 that is very very critical very very important because Many of these 35 40 teachers will come to your remote centers may not be used to such time discipline at all And it's very very important because when you do it, they will remember when they go back after two weeks So this model as I was telling you continued successfully In fact, we extended the number of remote centers from 30 40 to about 300. We actually invited applications through newspaper advertisements But what has happened is a large number of applications are still pending from the southern states Whereas several northern states have not yet found it fit to apply We wanted to extend the number of remote centers to 500 With knowing fully well that not in every subject you would have a local expert Available to become the workshop coordinator and therefore the number of participating Coordinators or remote centers in any workshop will always be less than what you have total number So we have 300 numbers as you can see we are about 170 140 140 remote centers which are represented here But you will agree that even 140 is a good number and if 30 to 50 teachers Assemble at each of your place you will be actually doing a great service to the colleague teachers in our community The idea is that whatever you train them for should not only be on how to teach physics well Although that's the primary objective But also how to teach well in the 21st century This century has Started with some very disruptive ideas in education Many of you would be familiar with the conventional e-learning techniques and the tools that are often used I do not know in your colleges whether you use some of these tools such as Moodle or Sakai anybody who is familiar with Moodle here One two three four five. Oh large number. I'm very happy We extensively use Moodle our course administration will simply collapse if Moodle is not available Although Moodle is good. It is not good enough for what further things are happening Increasingly it is believed that our conventional lineup of courses Which span a semester or a year are not probably the right things to do Giving lectures as the main mechanism of teaching is absolutely not the right thing to do Now this might come as shocking but Increasingly people have come to believe those who have tried what was called flip classroom Those of you are familiar with the flip classroom would know for others I would like to explain that with the availability of digital technology large servers storage and excess It is now possible to pre-record your lectures and keep them in some common server such as Moodle Then you can ask your students to view those lectures ahead of coming to the class and convert the entire class engagement into a discussion session So basically what you deliver a lecture in the classroom is now done at homes or hostels and What people do at homes and hostels namely solving problems and discussing they do it in the classroom and this is called the flip class There are many teachers in IIT Bombay who have been routinely teaching their courses in a flip classroom fashion Professor Kannan pioneered that about six years ago. There have been research studies I have personally done that for a large course CS 101 equivalent to PH 101 and what we have found Absolutely impeccably through proper research and measurement that the students engagement level with the course increases from an average 45 percent to average 80 percent and This is universal finding Unfortunately, we while we hear these things We are not ready to embrace these things because we are never taught it like our concept of teaching is giving a lecture Surely if there is an extremely good lecture that you deliver You can actually retain attention of all your students for one full hour But you would agree that to consistently guarantee doing so throughout the semester for every lecture that you deliver is not easy And to do so for every student is still more difficult Students in fact panic after 10 15 minutes Then that is why we take a stock of situation often Kaka joke or ask some question or something like that because that is what the attention span of students is The point is that these discussion sessions will become increasingly the way of teaching in the 21st century Massive open online courses actually exploit the fact that students would learn more by attempting to solve problems and Instead of human discussions. They provide Discussion forum in the digital form where people interact with each other We have been adopting MOOCs on a large scale. We've been working for it for last three years This year at the beginning of the year we launched IIT Bombay X which is the extension MOOCs program for IIT Bombay through which we deliver courses But I have always believed and so have many of us that Teachers in their physical form and presence will remain eternally important for effective learning and that is because human interaction is a very Fundamental important element in any learning that happens among our students It may be because of the large practice for last several centuries, but that is how it is In fact, even in real life, we learn through association people from our mentors from our seniors from our parents from our colleagues, etc It is therefore essential that our teachers not only adequately Equip themselves with the letters that is happening in the topic that they teach But they also equip themselves with the new technologies which are emerging which the modified pedagogies Which are essentially related to these technologies and actually start experimenting and using To experiment with Adapting these massive open online courses with the conventional education IIT Bombay started an experiment with about 50 Remote centers which are autonomous institutions These have agreed for three of the courses that IIT Bombay offers to take these courses as MOOCs courses for their students So their students will study from both online courses and will also study face-to-face Where those teachers are encouraged to use this flip classroom The main point is that at the end of this semester These students will receive their official university grade which will be a composite grade Formed out of the marks scored in the local assessment and marks scored in the MOOCs That is a unique effort again globally although individual universities have tried MOOCs for adopting grades in their own local setting Such a large number of independent institutions coming together and agreeing to adapt marks Please note the the fact that each one of these is a Independent autonomous institution. So each institution decides the percentage weightage to be given to the MOOCs marks 20 percent 30 percent 50 percent whatever depending upon what they perceive as overlap and useful We'll be publishing the results and findings of this experiment by this December when we would know for sure exactly how it has been meaningful But most probably from next year onwards and hopefully by then SMIME would also be launched This would be a mechanism to be adopted by most teachers in some way or the other I have spent majority of my time in talking about these is that this is the way to go forward Conventional teaching is not dead, but will become passe unless we augment it with both the use of modern technology And the use of appropriate methodology to adopt that model in the concluding remarks I would say that very recently as of day for yesterday in our teachers day celebration I just suddenly realize I am a 21st century educator So those slides are trying to describe what I should be and I was trying to examine whether I am that person And I found out some similarity Because fortunately I am in an environment like IIT Bombay which has permitted me to do unlimited experimentation in teaching But some inadequacies as well All of you I believe have a Moodle account for this workshop I will be posting that link on the Moodle with the permission of our co-ordinators I would suggest that whenever you get an opportunity do look at it It is not exactly that what we ought to become, but it's a very very What should I say I opening set of slides It reminds us of what we ought to be in the 21st century as educators I do believe in most of what has been written I would urge you to read that and I would urge you to start thinking reflecting upon it and adopting whatever you Think is appropriate and correct. I will also say in conclusion that This is the last Workshop that we are conducting in the conventional mode that we established in 2009 namely Two weeks of extensive face-to-face training for the teachers For the last one and a half year. We have been experimenting with a partial online partial face-to-face training program We have conducted jointly also with IIT Kharagpur also has conducted separately IIT Kharagpur Incidentally is our partner in this detainee program We have conducted a workshop where the two-week activity for the participating teachers into is split in two parts The one part is face-to-face which is a one-week duration, but before that the first part Sprays that one week equivalent of workshop work into an online work to be completed over five or six physical weeks The idea is that every participating teacher does one day equivalent of Workshop work full day one full day workshop work in a week's time as per the availability of time Sunday Monday Tuesday Well, they work and this is done currently on Moodle It will now be done in the IIT Bombay X platform the MOOCs platform The idea is that for that during that one week the participating teachers Will see exactly the same video recorded lecture that they would have seen live otherwise But they will have additional practice problems and a quiz to answer every teacher will have a quiz They will do that week after week after week for about five to six weeks And then they will assemble for face-to-face interaction in three workshops Which you have conducted in this mode we have found that although the physical duration of interaction of face-to-face Learning or face-to-face training is collapsed into only one week that one week has turned out to be qualitatively far different because the teachers who come to that week are already prepared because of work that they have done This also significantly reduces the cost Incidentally the approved cost for conducting a two-week training program under a ICT is roughly 12,000 to 14,000 rupees When we started our 10,000 teachers program, we reduced the cost to 9,000 rupees When we proposed 10,000 teachers program, we said the cost would be less than 6,500 rupees. We actually been able to conduct these programs at a cost of about 6,200 With the further reduction in the face-to-face time the cost can be reduced about 3,500 rupees This of course presupposes an additional cost of establishment and infrastructure at IIT, Mumbai and IIT Kharagpur The costs are important because eventually we have to Subsist with these trainings on our own So we have started a self-funding model Where the first workshop under the self-funding model will be conducted in December in effective communications And in that model we will conduct the co-ordinators workshop But we will not give any honorarium or any TA-DA to any participant Participants will pay a charge of about 1,000 rupees for that one-week interaction plus they will bear their own expenses of travel food I was just talking to a ICT chairman who is actually making training mandatory For all science and engineering teachers in the country to understand the MOOCs methodology and how to adopt MOOCs for their training And also appropriate use of MOOCs in their own subjects that are taught Some credits are being recommended to be adopted by the university every semester and so on Which means that the need for training teachers will become more massive However, we believe that the teachers seeing the value in such training will be willing to shell out money either on their own Or their institutions where they work will do that and hopefully will continue this on a massive scale So with this I will say that this I It is my privilege to welcome you to the Last training program of its kind with which we started in 2009 The training programs will continue But these training programs shall now be properly dubbed as 21st century training programs with a very large percentage of Use of technology in both the co-ordinators workshops and the main workshops Meanwhile You are most welcome to enjoy your stay here interact with everybody interact with all of us Again, I will repeat. Please don't treat this as a any kind of one-way traffic We are all teachers here and we are as eager to learn from you as you are eager to learn from this environment Let us make this Effort Not only a very enjoyable a very fruitful effort where at the end of seven days all of you are very clear On what you are going to do when you go back just remember one thing Professor Deepan Ghosh, Prasateesh or Prasad Shuprasad Will not be physically present in any one of the remote centers. They'll be physically present here You will be there direct representatives in your remote centers So, please remember that those 30 40 50 teachers who assemble at your place They will try to see in you a Deepan Ghosh. They'll try to see in you a Shuprasad Let me tell you if I were to take that responsibility I would be very very careful. It is not easy to step into their shoes. They're not just Talbers They're not just passionate. They're extremely diligent and They work harder than most of the young people I have seen work Now that is the role you have to fulfill at your respective places Please remember that for those 50 teachers you are IIT Bombay you are the corner and We would expect you to imbibe this particular sense in you when you leave this place because after all all those teachers are coming Partly because they wish to learn physics partly because they want to have a training certificate But also partly because they're eager to see what happens in a place like IIT Bombay And you are the direct representatives of IIT Bombay in this workshop. Please help us maintain absolutely top-class stuff Although we may not be a developer, but I do not see any reason why we cannot conduct our training programs Exactly as well as MIT or Stanford could conduct is entirely possible. It's possible because of all of you. Thank you so much God bless you


Myself, M.A. Mohan, working in computer science and engineering department as an assistant professor in Vulture Institute of Technology, Swallapur. Today we are discussing the topic systems for different management groups, learning outcome. At the end of this session, student will be able to describe systems for different management groups. Systems for different management groups, a business firm has system to support different groups or levels of management. These systems include transaction processing systems and systems for business intelligence. First is transaction processing system. This supporting operational level of employees. Second management information system. This will supporting the managers. Third one decision support system. This will also help the manager and senior executives in decision making process. Next one is executive support system. This will supporting to the executives of the organization. Transaction processing system. This perform and record daily routine transaction necessary to conduct business. For example, sales order, entry, payroll, shipping, etc. Now managers to monitor status of operation and relations with the external environment. So operation levels serve predefined structured goals and decision making. This is the diagram of transaction processing system where the central part is the payroll system where a transaction processing system for payroll processing captures employee payment transaction data such as a time card system outputs include online and hard copy of report for management and employee paychecks. In transaction processing systems, operational manager need system that keep track of the elementary activities and transactions of the organization such as sales receipt, cash deposit, payroll, credit decisions and the flow of material in a factory. Transaction processing system provide this kind of information. A transaction processing system is a computer system that performs and records the daily routine transaction necessary to conduct business such as sales order, entry, hotel reservation, payroll, employee record keeping and shipping. A transaction processing system for payroll processing. A payroll system keep the track of money paid to employees and employee timesheet with the employee's name, social security number and number of hours worked per week represents a single transaction for the system. Once this transaction is input to the system, it updates the system's master file that permanently maintains employee information for the organization. The data in the system are combined in different ways to create reports of interest and to management and government agencies and to send paychecks to employees. Managers need transaction processing system to monitor the status of internal operations and to forms relations with the external environment. Transaction processing systems are also major producers of information for the other system and business functions. Next is management information systems. The term management information system designates a specific category of information system serving middle management. Management information system provide middle managers with reports on the organization's current performance. This information used to monitor and control the business and predict future performance. The next one is decision support system. Decision support system focus on problems that are unique and rapidly changing for which the procedure for arriving at the solution may not be fully predefined in advance. They try to answer questions such as these what would be the impact on production schedules if we were to double sales in the month of December. What would happen in our return of investment in the factory schedule where delayed for six months. This is the diagram of wage estimating decision support system where the decision support system operates on a powerful PC. It is used daily by managers who must develop bids on shipping contracts. So here the ship file, the port distance, fuel consumption, mean cost file, ship charter hire history cost file and port expenses file can be used which are given the data to the analytical models database where the analysis can be made and output is shown on to the PC. Also online queries also deal with the this system. In this decision support system is also middle level management. So it serves middle management support number of routine decision making. For example, what is the impact of production schedule if December sales doubled. Often use external information as well as transaction post system and managing post information system. Model driven decision support system best example of decision support system. For example, wage estimating system, data driven decision support system. So the interest marketing and analysis system are the best example of this. The next one is executive support system. The executive support system helps senior management make these decisions. The address non routine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation and insight because there is no agreed on procedure for arriving at the solution. Executive support system present graphs and data from many sources through interface that is easy to senior management to use. Often the information is delivered to senior executives through a portal which uses a web interface to present integrated personalized business content. The information is presented in the form of digital dashboard with displays on a single screen graphs and charts of key performance indicators for managing a company. So executive support system is support senior management. This address non routine decision requiring judgment, evaluation and insight incorporate data about external events. So as well as subparized information from internal management information system and decision support system. For example, executive support system that provides minute to minute view of firms financial performance as measured by working capital accounts receivable account payable cash flow and inventory. So relationship of system to one another. Transaction process system is major source of data for other system. Executive support system, recipient of data from lower level system. Data may be changed between systems. In reality, a business system only loosely integrated. So this diagram shows the relationship of system to one another. So the various types of information system the organization have interdependencies. Transaction process systems are major producers of information that is required by the many other systems in the firm which in turn produce information for other system. These different types of systems are loosely coupled in the most business. But increasingly firms are using new technology to integrate information that resides in many different systems. Think and write. Now I am going to ask one question to all the students. Pause the video and write the answer. Executive support system is supporting two dash. A, executive, B, management, C, workers, D, none of these. So these are the four options. You have to select any one option from these four options. The correct answer is executives. The next one is enterprise applications. So it includes all levels of management. It executes business process across the firm. It spans functional areas. There are different types of enterprise applications. The first one is enterprise system, ERP, enterprise resource planning. The second is supply chain management system. The third customer relationship management system. The fourth one is knowledge management systems. Now we are going to see one by one. The first one is enterprise system, ERP, enterprise resource planning. It collected data from different firm functions and stored data in a single central data repository to be shared among the firm. It resolved problem of fragmented redundant data sets and systems. It enables coordination of daily activities, efficient response to customers, for example production inventory, provide valuable information for improving management decision making, supply chain management systems. Managed firms relationship suppliers share information about orders, production, inventory levels, delivery of product and services. Its goal is write information of product to destination with least amount of time and lowest cost. Inaccurate information due to excessive inventories, inaccurate manufacturing plans, misused production schedule and raise cost less satisfaction. Customer relationship management systems. It provides information to coordinate all the business processes that deal with customers in sales marketing and service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction and customer retention. It integrates firms customer related processes and support customer information from multiple communication channels. For example, telecommunication, email, Wi-Fi devices. Knowledge management systems. Knowledge and experience on how to create, produce and deliver product to services. So, this knowledge management systems collects knowledge and experience and make available whenever and wherever. Knowledge management systems supports processes for acquiring, creating, storing, distributing, applying, integrating knowledge, link and internal knowledge to external knowledge. It includes enterprise-wide system for managing documents, graphics and other digital knowledge objects and literate of employees with expertise. These are the references. Thank you.


So when you talk about the best players in the Major Leagues right now, under the age of 25, Akunyo Jr. is right near the top of the list. Ballinger is on that list as well, Soto, Tateesh Jr., Glaibre Torres is on that list. But Chris, it's a power blend of power and speed, 41 homeruns, 37 stolen bases last year. I think the Braves would love to see him tighten up his swing and miss quotient. He strikes out a lot. Struck out 188 times last year and he also could get better defensively. But he is a budding MVP candidate. And again, I feel like we did this all last year with Glaibre Torres, who's now 23. Akunyo Jr. is only 22. So Braves fans have a lot to look forward to with this talented young man.


In October 2020, the observed epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in sub-Saharan Africa was found to be markedly different from that in Europe and the U.S., with much lower reported incidents. Population-based studies are necessary to accurately estimate the true cumulative incidents of SARS-CoV-2 to inform public health interventions. This study estimated SARS-CoV-2 in four selected states in Nigeria, finding that 25.2%, 9.3%, 23.3%, and 18% of people had been exposed to the virus in Enugu, GOM, Lagos, and Nazarawa, respectively. Additionally, the study found no significant association between malaria infection and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The study also found that the number of reported COVID-19 cases in the four states was only 0.2% of the total population, indicating that the majority of the population remained susceptible to COVID-19 infection. This article was authored by Rosemary A. Audu, Kristen A. Stafford, Laura Steinhardt, and others. We are article.tv. Links in the description below.