It's made by Malink. Good afternoon, Howard Wiig. Think, take Hawaii cold green. My honored guest today is Queen Nguyen of Hawaii Energy Systems. And boy, we're going to talk about exciting stuff. Exhaust hoods. Wow. You thought I had some sexy topics before.  Well, welcome to the program. And thank you so much for joining us here. Well, thank you very much, Howard. Thanks for having me. Yeah, we're going to talk about stuff that most people don't know about, but they darn well should know about. So if we could have our first slide, this would be a general slide, and this is Hawaiian Electric's pre-projection for 100% clean energy by 2045. This is when it still was with next era, and they still were looking at liquefied natural gas. The blue part of the spectrum is liquefied natural gas. On the left is current date. On the right is 2045. And then that sea foam green thing on the right is an unnamed type of new fuel. Well, this is what happened was next era left and then synthetic natural gas left. So this projection by Hawaiian Electric is no longer the future. And people like we and myself look at losing efficiency to start where we are on the left and just go on a straight line, down, down, down, down, down, down, down, down, down until we get to zero. And we'll talk about all the wonderful ways, not all, but many of the wonderful ways we can achieve that. So we talk a little bit about what Hawaii Energy Systems does. Yeah, so Hawaii Energy Systems, we're based in Lava Valley. We're an energy management and controls company, and we focus on demand control for energy savings. And so we go into a lot of buildings and install DDC and energy management systems and specific control systems in the end goals to save energy. And if for those who aren't familiar with demand control, think of a father in a house with three teenagers and he's going around, who left these lights on? Who's taking a 30-minute shower? Don't you kids, you think money grows on trees? And by turning all the lights off and demanding that the daughter get out of the shower and not use six trillion gallons of water, he's doing demand control on a rather... Right. And that's exactly it. So I mean, that's what our company does, it's all automated rights done by computers and by logic. But yeah, exactly. It's delivering the exact amount of air conditioning, for example, for the minimum amount of energy and so. And so that applies to any type of system. Could be refrigeration, air conditioning, hot water, lighting, exactly what you just said. Yeah. And just to give another very simple corollary, say you have an AC system and you want to walk into a cool house, so in a bad old days, you kept the AC running all day long. Now you have remote control for the AC so that when you and the family are headed home, you activate it, save 15 minutes in advance, and you walk into a cool house, but you didn't have it running all day long. Another very simple analogy. Exactly, yeah. So let's get into our slides here. Castle Medical Center, I think this is one of your very, very proud achievements here. Yeah, so this is Castle Medical. We have our control system there, and it's doing energy management. It's tracking all the important pieces of equipment for the HVAC system there. And so what you see on the slide is a control panel for the children plant. And you see there's a couple cooling towers. It might be a little bit too small, but on the top there of the graphic, there's a cooling tower. In the middle is a chiller. There's a couple pumps on the left and right. And so each of those pieces of equipment kind of work individually in their control system. So what we do is we install our algorithm that takes control of this plant and gets the most efficiency of this plant as possible, using it as a system, not an individual piece of equipment. And so the goal is to deliver, that screen says 411 tons, the goal is to deliver that amount of energy or cooling with a minimum amount of energy. So the goal is to minimize the K-2 per ton. So you see on the graphics 0.75, which is pretty good. And since we've been in some very, very muggy weather and we all have memory of that horrible weather we had last year, and it's all a combination. That was El Nino plus global warming. Now at least we're in the La Nina phase. But what's interesting is the more moisture you have in the air, the harder the AC has to work. And I'm sure that you have sensors that sense the incoming humidity and say, okay, we've got to ramp up. But then as soon as we go back to our tree winds, humidity goes down, then you have controls that say, okay, we can relax a bit now. So air conditioning is not just sensible heat, but also latent heat. Sensible is dry bulb temperature. Latent heat is the humidity that's in the air. And so for air conditioning we're trying to take care of the humidity and temperature. On really humid days, not only is there more air conditioning needed for the building, but then the equipment doesn't run as efficiently. So your cooling tower doesn't get as cold of water as it'd like to. So you're kind of embellishing both things. And so yeah, we measure for dry bulb and humidity. And then based on that, we can control our system to run as most efficiently in those conditions as possible. And even though a hospital is a 24-7 operation, I'm sure that there's a heck of a lot more activity going on during a workday than there is at three o'clock in the morning so that you adjust the flow according to the activities and the heat generated internally and all the activity, all the machines on and so forth. Correct, yeah. So if you look at a typical building or hospital, you'll see kind of a load curve. And the peak is usually about 3 or 4 p.m. And then if it's 24-hour building, the minimum amount of energy used or cooling needed is usually 3 a.m., 4 a.m. or something like that. So yeah, this system automatically adjusts to the load of the building. And so it senses for... We have temperature sensors and pressure sensors throughout the building that we take in that input and the algorithm determines what's the best possible operating conditions for maximum energy savings. Yeah, and can you actually shut down chillers at two in the morning or they just go into a sweet spot? Yeah, so the algorithm determines if it's shutting down compressors or shutting down chillers entirely. So if that graphic shows it has a couple chillers that are online, two chillers are online and then there's four compressors online with two that are offline. And so based on the building load, the outside conditions can cycle off compressors or cycle off even chillers depending on the load. And that's measured in real time. It's very fast. Instant. Instant, correct. And how much has Kessil saved as a result? Quite a bit of energy. So they have new chillers and so you see that Kato per ton, 0.75 before we got there was up in the 1.4 range. Ooh, that's almost double. Yeah, and so they save quite a bit of energy. It's in the 50s and $60,000 a year. That's just a control system. Of course they've done a lot of other work that I'm not accounting for. And that's something about efficiency. You do have to put out your initial capital investment but it gets repaid. Right. And most projects, DDC projects and control projects pay back within two, three years. And so your investment gets paid back fairly quickly and then after that it's all revenue up that. Yeah, to say a three-year payback that's kind of equivalent to a bank hanging a banner out of its front porch saying 33% interest paid. Correct. People would go invest. People would invest it right away. It was a 33% return. Mm-hmm. Well, let's see what else you're doing. Yeah. I think there's something called an Intellihood. What in the world is an Intellihood? Yeah, so what you see here is this is a demand control kitchen ventilation system. And so it's the same idea. So what we're doing is we're, that's a kitchen with a exhaust hood. And explain what an exhaust hood. So exhaust hood is capturing all the smoke and heat that's generated during cooking and it's exhausting out of the building. And there's typically maybe a five or 10 horsepower motor on the roof that runs full speed. A lot of times 24 seven or at least 18, 16 hours a day moving air out of the building. A lot of times that's air-conditioned air as well. And so what this system does is we install a temperature sensor which kind of see the middle, top middle and then also a optic sensor, kind of a laser that goes across. And what those things are doing is sensing for temperature changes in the duct. So an increased cooking activity increases the temperature and then the optic sensor is looking for smoke. And so with those two inputs this system ramps up and down the exhaust. So when there is no active cooking there's no smoke. The refugees go down to lower speed for energy savings. And talk about varied use. I mean sometimes say seven o'clock on a Saturday night this device would be used continuously to the mechs and then three o'clock in the afternoon maybe nothing going on. Correct, exactly. So these kitchen hoods, if it's on 16 hours a day there might be four hours of really active cooking. The times in between between the lunch hour and the dinner hour there might be very light usage but the exhaust runs full speed during that time. And what this system does is senses that automatically and changes the speed of the fan and then saving energy. And consider we live in a tourist state and depending on who's estimating it we have up to 70,000 hotel rooms in this state and very high occupancy all those visitors I think there's something like 100,000 tourists in this state at any given time. They've all got to eat and most of them are going to be eating in restaurants. So that equals one heck of a lot of restaurants. I have no idea how many there are. Hundreds and hundreds and hundreds and so you get this type of savings out of hundreds of restaurants and you are talking substantial numbers here. Correct, yeah. Hundreds of restaurants maybe talking thousands of horsepower at full speed and so it's very significant. Hawaii Energy the rebate folks recognize this as well and they provide $700 per horsepower on this type of project so they recognize the need for this and so it's a pretty good solution for some of the problems that we have. $700 a horsepower. $700 horsepower. So if it's a big unit 10 horsepower that's $1,000. Correct, yeah. That's a good incentive for a restaurant to retrofit, yeah. Yeah, exactly. It's typical payback. We see two to three years on these type of projects. Again, two to three years. Yeah, that's they do very well. I said a lot of the times they're exhausting air-conditioned air and so you're really paying for energy twice. Precisely. The air quality also because it's not just heat coming out it's all kinds of particulate matter which is not particularly healthy for the kitchen occupants. So you want to get that stuff out of there. Correct, and that's why that optic sensor is there to sense for smoke and if there's smoke particulate matter it goes up to 100%. Yeah. Make sure it removes that particles. And on that very cheery note we need to take a break. Huy Nguyen, my guest today, back in a moment. Hi, I'm Ethan Allen, host of Likeable Science here on ThinkTechHawaii.com. I hope you'll join me every Friday at 2 p.m. to discover what's likeable about science. Aloha! I'm Chantel Seville, host of the Savvy Chick Show on ThinkTech Hawaii and I'm going on tour. I'm taking you around the world. We're going to Canada and then we're going to, well, we're in America, then we're going to San Francisco. Staying tuned, 11 a.m. every Wednesday on the Savvy Chick Show. We'll see you next time. Hey, Stan the Energy Man here. I know you're bored this summer. You're just sitting at home, figuring out what to do, go to the beach, spend some time with ThinkTech Hawaii, spend the time thinking about how you can contribute to Hawaii and making it a better place to live and start watching some of the programs on ThinkTech, including Stan the Energy Man. Well, you'll learn all about everything energy, especially hydrogen and transportation. Every Friday at 12 o'clock noon, Stan the Energy Man here on ThinkTech Hawaii. Aloha! Howard Weg, again, Code Green, title of the program, What's Cool in the Hood with Huey Nguyen of Hawaii Energy Systems. What is this? It's not neighborhood, anything. No, it is exhaust hoods over commercial kitchens and there are hundreds and hundreds of such kitchens in little old Hawaii because we're so tourist oriented and you multiply this and we're going to get some very serious savings two to three year payback. Yeah. So let's resume our slide looking at what a intriguing slide this is. Sure. So this is the whole area serving the kitchen. Now, what kind of savings can we garner from this? What in the world is going on here, Huey? Yeah, so you see this graph here. It's showing from 6 a.m. to 2 a.m., which is pretty typical for operation for exhaust hood. And so what you see in the kind of the grayish color, that's a constant volume system. So that's a exhaust fan running 100% of the time from 6 a.m. What you see in green is the difference in fan speed for the intelligent system. So we ramp ours down to 30% when there's no smoke or change in heat detected. You see during the lunch hour and kitchen hour there are some spikes and that's kind of what you want. You want to exhaust the smoke when it's there. You see those large spikes that go all the way 100% that's smoke being present. The dark blue graph or the dark blue area you kind of see, that is more of a typical installation where it's temperature only, where you might see some exhaust hoods, some of our competitors. That's kind of what they do and as you see without detected for smoke, they have to exhaust based on temperature changes and so they go to 100% down to 50%. Basically it's almost a on-off control almost where our system can ramp down sensing for temperature and smoke at the same time. So it looks like your overall savings is easily in the 50% range I would guess? Well it's actually more. What you're seeing here is actually fan speed because of the fan infinity loss. It's actually an exponential savings so it's to the third power. So if you're saving 70% on fan energy, you're actually saving 97% on fan energy and so when you see 30% there that's, you're only using 3% of the power that we use at 100% fan and with 50% you're using about 12% energy compared to 100%. So the energy savings graph would actually look even more drastic than this. And one reason why traditionally the fans have been going on all the time is it's not just an energy issue it's a health issue also. We want to keep that error clean. Yeah, so that's correct. So you do before when technology isn't as advanced as it is now you are on the safe side you exhaust as much as you can now with the technology now that we actually measure and determine if fan energy is needed or not based on demand controls that's kind of what this product does. So all over we're talking 70% savings? Generally 70% savings overall is typical it might be even more we've seen some 247 fans that don't ever shut off and we might see 80% savings on those type of applications. That is just amazing. Well what other kind of tricks do you have for us here? Oh my goodness. This is colorful. Yeah, so this is an energy dashboard so one of the other systems that we install is called a proton energy management system the first dashboard that we saw was the Allerton energy management system that we install more for hospitals, larger buildings, enterprise level control systems more for restaurants and smaller warehouses what we recommend is something like this a proton energy management system which it does scheduling, energy monitoring has a dashboard just like this it can do some alerts and alarms but it's priced very competitively for some other smaller buildings that don't need enterprise level 200 VAV control system this more typical of a smaller 10 package unit AC building. So that's kind of what you see here is showing energy usage for lighting and mechanical systems here. Each one of those different colors is a different energy using system. So the green one is a mechanical plant the red is lighting for the office and then the purple is the office power that's the plug loads and other electrical systems and so for the system we just saw like the IntelliHood we can integrate different types of control systems into one dashboard and this is kind of what this graph is showing. So why are all these peaks and valleys here like in the middle there's some very very high usage? Yeah so some of the valleys you see are weekends right so you see some of that power drop during the weekends which is what you would expect for office building and so through our controls we can schedule things to make sure things turn off during the weekends I've gone to a lot of buildings where it's a flatline Monday through Sunday which is not good meaning air conditioning systems aren't turning off and they're not scheduled correctly so this system here can do that and can change the schedule on weekends make sure things turn off at night and that's what there's some valleys you see some of the peaks you see whether related though that's the green mechanical plant. Yeah that's probably a humid day where it goes all the way up Correct. Humid to plus heat. And so your estimated percentage savings is Through control just through scheduling I've seen 20 to 30% energy savings just making sure equipment is off I've gone into buildings where they don't have control of their AC units yeah they run 24-7 run through the night through the weekend and just by scheduling them off that's the most energy efficient piece of equipment one that's off so typical is 20-30% savings on just doing controls 20-30% savings that's very very remarkable and I bet you have yet another trick up your sleeve here. Yeah something to do with refrigeration or yeah so another application for especially the restaurant space that we're talking about how many dinners we serve you know in the state refrigeration controls another demand control system with refrigeration we have air-conditioned compressors that cycle on and off through the day and especially at night when doors are closed the kitchen isn't active the compressors are off but yet these fans run 24-7 and so what you see there is what's called an EC motor and the EC motor by itself saves about 40% energy over the standard PSC motors or the shaded pull motors but beyond that we can control these cyclone down to lower speed when the compressor is off and with the technology we have this cool-troll by NRM it actually not only controls this fan and this motor it controls the freezer cycle time or the defrost cycle time for the freezer and also the door defrost cycle time for the freezer as well so that you're defrosting at an optimum time or it senses when defrosting is needed or yeah correct so it's demand controls again right so rather than just doing it on a timer which is what most applications are it's on a timer what we do is we sense for when defrost is needed and it goes the defrost based on actual temperature sensors rather than just on time which saves an amount of energy so again it's two to three year payback for these type of projects you keep saying that two to three year payback totally, totally remarkable yeah so these are three fans here and those fans run year-round full speed now is this a freezer we're looking at this is a walking cooler so this is a cooler so those fans run full speed all the time but the compressor cycles on and off when the freezer or the cooler is cool enough the compressor shuts down and then when cooling is needed it turns back on however those three fans they run 24-7 so what the system does it cycles those fans with the compressor and then along with that there's some other things that we can do to save energy wow and again we don't see these things very often but any restaurant is going to have these yeah and every hotel you walk into is going to have a walking cooler every fast food chain fast food restaurant has a walking cooler you'll see them in 7-elevens and in convenience stores other convenience stores supermarkets have walking coolers and so it's everywhere food processing areas again we're talking about a couple hundred a couple thousand horsepower out there we can save some energy wow very very remarkable well that we've got a few minutes let's go back to this concept of efficiency as a really really delicious way of achieving 100% clean energy by the year 2045 these units you install them I guess very very regularly and each time you install a new unit what you're doing is trading in a car that gets 20 miles per gallon for a car that gets 40 miles per gallon and you're doing this on a continuous basis you don't have to do any EIS environmental impact statements and you don't have to deal with zoning it's just happening as regular replacement so yeah energy efficiency I think by far is a much better investment than there's ways to that first graphic showed to we can take care of renewable energy but the best way is for energy efficiency to trim that demand down and just using example if I had a hundred dollar week Starbucks habit I mean the idea is not to get another job so I keep up with my Starbucks habit is to kind of take care of my Starbucks habit I guess that's one of the examples I kind of bring up sometimes but yeah energy efficiency I think the best way is to reduce your consumption and then once you get to a point where you're efficient and then you can think about renewable energy and then the state will be a hundred percent sustainable by 2045 and we oh here's a solution yeah this is more of the refrigeration this shows you another application to the left is it looks like a bakery where they have it's a food processing place and you see there's hundreds and hundreds of these fans just like this out there and so energy savings is pretty easy to spread through the state and there is a website available yeah right there it is yeah so that's that's the NRM website one of our partners on this project well on that sure note we have to close Code Green Think Tech Hawaii we new in Hawaii energy systems thank you so much well thank you very much whoever thought there could be so much excitement in exhaust hoods well thank you thanks for having me


Surging inflation leaves millions of Nigerians below poverty, says World Bank. And a Senate spokesman at Jubala Bashiru says President Buhari needs to avoid tension, as there is no federal prison law. This is plus politics, and I am Mary Ann upon. According to the World Bank, surging inflation and rising prices pushed an estimated 7 million Nigerians below the poverty line in 2020 alone. In its Nigeria Development Update released on Tuesday, the Washington-based lender added that Nigeria's economic growth is being hindered by food inflation, heightened insecurity, unemployment and stalled reforms. Meanwhile, the Director-General of the Budget Offers of the Federation, Ben Akabwezi, has said cutting budget allocations to federal government agencies would not be a significant impact on Nigeria's revenue. He stated that allocations to the legislature account for less than 1% of the total budget for the year, and as such, reductions would not solve any revenue problems. Now, the question is, how do you fight poverty side-by-side in security? Well, joining us to have this conversation is an economist, Gospel of Bele and business journalist Ignatius Chukru. Thank you very much, gentlemen, for joining us. Thank you for having me, Mary Ann. Alright, great. I'm going to start with you, Gospel. I mean, the World Bank has actually said that Nigeria's economy growth is being hindered by inflation, unemployment, insecurity, stalled reforms. So I want to break it down. Let's just piece it, you know, take it piece by piece. Let's start with food inflation, which is a big deal right now. The prices of commodities have gone to the roof. Our spending power is still the same. We have not had an increase in our, you know, salaries or anything. It's the same thing. The Naira is taking a 3-4, and of course, you know, the market prices keep going up because of the situation of insecurity. So let's talk about that food inflation and the impact that it has on, you know, the economy. So why are things the same, but of course, there is a price inflation for food? Alright, so it's kind of fortunate that things are worsening. We clearly saw this position coming in. If you understand how the figures are playing out now, you realize that it's going to be a slow but heavily cautioned recovery. So meaning that the Nigerian economy is slowly, is recovering at a slower rate compared to the 16-17 recession and all. Part of what we've seen are the fact that deep structural issues are now coming to the limelight. And then we've also seen this challenge where inflation has become more cost-push than just, you know, increasing prices of goods and services. And we've also seen that inflation has become, you don't know where you find that there have been transferred costs. Moving from the productive side of the value chain to the consumption side of the value chain. So goods and services are increasing primarily because there are structural issues on our supply chain, there are insecurity challenges and all that. And the producer has to be able to retain a cost margin to remain in business. So as such, the prices of these items are heated to the final consumer. We have said this several times in our outlook reports that anything that hits on the Nigerian economy directly affects the pockets of consumers. And that's quite the story. If you talk about electricity tariffs, you talk about pump price and all these dynamics, it hits back at the pockets of the consumer. That means a fair consumer spending. And you realize that things are going high, not necessarily because consumers want to spend more, they're any way more, but because the structural dynamics have led to what we call transferred costs across the value chain, which is currently impacting on consumer spending. Let's talk about unemployment. Before I go to Mr. Chuku, unemployment is at 33% right now. For Nigeria, from the facts that we have, Nigeria has a large population which is mostly used, which is supposedly a plus. It should be a plus for us. But the reverse is the case because at least 80% of these young people are highly unemployed. And so I'm wondering, how does this help us as a country? Because let's look at countries like China, Japan, India, if they use the largeness of their population to their own benefits. So we have cheap labor in those parts. And that's why big designers in Italy, in New York, go to those places in Bangladesh to get cheap labor. It might not necessarily be that the people are in slavery, but of course they use that population to their own benefit. What is the benefit of our young people to our population or our government or even the economy if almost all of them are unemployed? To be very honest with you, I think that the numbers are quite higher than that. First of all, secondly, there's also a big monster in the room called under-employment. Even if we get to solve the unemployment issue, the question again is how many young Nigerians are getting into productive labor. But then again, going back to your question, there are deeper dynamics that are impacting the unemployment numbers. For instance, when you talk about China and all that, the reason why China can do what they've done, whether you look at it from cheap labor or not, you realize that they have structural enablers that facilitate for global manufacturing and competitive production in the sense on a global scale. So you find big brands going to manufacture in China and probably assemble in Vietnam and all that. And that's because the infrastructure or the core enablers to help young people get jobs and playing that global productive value chain is in place. So for Nigeria, we don't have that. So even if you want to solve unemployment, if you don't come back to the core structural issues, then unemployment cannot be resolved. What we're trying to do is we're trying to patch these problems with policies. And I can mention several times that the state of the Nigerian economy is right. And when you look at it from unemployment of poverty, we need to find structural solutions to structural issues, not policy solutions. So trying to use end power and all of this social innovation works and even by past administration, right? Trying to use policy to solve a big monster that has to have a structural enablers first of all, all right? We will not go along, we will not take us fast. So you realize that the unemployment number keeps rising, all right? In the face of the pandemic's slow economic pickup and all of that, it keeps worsening, all right? And this is what we find ourselves in until extractive institutions ensure that, until extractive institutions enable the economy bounce back structurally. Then we may not be able to see any significant drop in unemployment. Okay. I want to push you harder on the issue of unemployment. Let me go to Mr. Chuku. Mr. Chuku, the president spoke to us for June 12 and he more like put out his scorecard as to what he's done since he came into office. And one of the things that he spoke on was the fact that he's been able to lift at least 10.5 million people out from poverty. Now, we want to be able to look at it realistically. What's the impact of the 10.5 or a plus 200 million people where 33% of those people are unemployed and then the rest of them are living under a dollar per day? What impact has that made with all of the schemes that the presidency has pushed out? Has it impacted on our economy in any way positively or is it a scratch, barely a scratch on the surface? In a country as large as Nigeria with over 200 million persons, the impact of 10.5 million having been moved out of poverty line will not easily be felt. One, nobody has evidence that where the 10.5 million people are, only government has the figure. So that if you come to a family of five, only one person is working. So it should be difficult for the family to relate with the figure the government announced. So it should be difficult to relate to that figure because of the high number of those around you that are unemployed. Number two, most of those persons who are getting stipends from N-Power and some of those rescue programs. You see them also hustling and doing other things to make ends meet. So you don't hardly see the impact of that program to give somebody quality life, to live above poverty line, so to say. But as the other speaker has said, tackling unemployment requires a robust action. And it has to do a lot with manufacturing, productive results. Nigeria often is a rent economy. You export to your jobs because most of the things we export go outside to grant the cost job. If you export crude oil, it is when they take it abroad and process it, that the jobs will come. If you export a gas under the precondition, they will now go and use it to feed the industries in Europe and Asia where the real jobs are being created. So how many goods do you need to gasify, to solidify gas and take it out? Few persons. But when you now gasify, it's reported to gas, it's now this massive employment. So it means that the treatment population of school-level young persons, the job they need to do. What you have is a service industry. Service industry. Why do you need two services in your office? Why production requires a high number of people? So the government does not require many services, and therefore it does not create massive jobs. If anybody wants to create jobs in Nigeria, it should be beyond this rescue, this pan-native job. The job creation will be far beyond that. But before you do it, there is pressure on government to rescue people right now today. It does not give them the breathing space to create mass-impact, big-impact projects that are actually impactful. But when you say it does not give them space to create these projects that would make impact, is it the problem of the people or is it that the government is making the wrong choices? Because we have an economic council that is chaired by the vice president. And I'm thinking, I'm not sure, correct me if I'm wrong, we should have the best brains sitting on that economic council looking at the best opportunities and the best strategies on how to re-jig the economy, reposition it and deal with the loopholes that we have plugged them and come up with the best ways to especially get our economy back on track. But what exactly is that economic council doing? Because I haven't really heard of the economic council and any strategies that they put out recently. Let me tell you where we are coming from. We have a short history. After independence, the economic plan was government should create jobs by running various ventures. Commercialization was the order of the day for over 20 years, commercialization. So government established various, various industries, jobs and making industries which were to fulfill the promise, the naturalist promise, the Nigerians when they were part of the independence. So they created massive employment opportunities everywhere. Over time, government ran those ventures aground, almost all of them crashed and crumbled. After the 18th, government said okay, government is not a good businessman. Let government get out of business and pass it over to the private sector. And that action or pass it over to the private sector, what did government do? Or we are not going to create jobs, let the private sector create jobs. So the private sector could not create the massive jobs that the government ventures were supposed to create. So it created unemployment. Was it really that the private sector could not create these jobs that these assets that were supposed to be privatized were sold back to politicians? No, privatization came. The privatization came in the conduction of labor. Remember that privatization was closer to over 35 years. So all those ventures that were listed, they have been privatizing them from the IDD times to now. Well, I'd like to say that the growth of job growth does not match in with the graduation of the youth into the unemployment market. So the number of cases entering the unemployment market over 1.5 million every year we move into the unemployment market. Why the rate of employment is fast, we don't have 500,000. And therefore the surplus continues together until now it is a very big number. So the government cannot create enough jobs now because government does not open companies. Private sector cannot open enough. The planet that is required is massive. It is not only connected to your creation efforts. Massive efforts, robust efforts have to be made. The number of unemployed is far more than just being created in every year. Alright, let me go back to Gospel. Gospel insecurity was also listed as one of the problems that the economy is facing. I was talking on a forum yesterday where a sudden person from Germany said that they were bringing a service industry into the country and he had concerns because a sudden person asked him, would you take your business to a country that is rife with insecurity? And I asked, the whole country is not rife with insecurity. Yes, we have pockets of violence across the country, but of course these are the scenarios that will be painted to foreign direct investments or people who are trying to bring businesses into Nigeria. If we do not deal with the issue of insecurity as we should, don't forget that these issues are multifaceted and some of them are highly politicized. Nigeria seems to also be losing a lot of businesses. Some of them have left years before now to Ghana and other neighbouring countries. How do we deal with the issue of insecurity because that is what creates an enabling environment? Is the government from the body language of the government, both at state and federal levels, is the body language telling you that we're going to be able to conquer this anytime soon or are we still going to be going around in circles and losing more and more businesses? Thank you very much for that question, Mary-Anne. Clearly there's a very wide difference between policy and politics and a lot of times closing that gap would require so much of compromise and all that. That's why I see that despite a lot of policies around the place, we still cannot achieve basic developmental outcomes. Now speaking directly to the insecurity question, first of all we need to note that the way the Nigerian economy and the social fabric is designed, it's such that a little crack somewhere in the country, in one state of the tradition brings about a fall in our national reputation which, on the other hand, we're not actively seeking to build or we're not being intentional about the national brand and all that. So primarily, yes, there are no genuine political will to help the current insecurity situation in the country. Secondly, the constitutional and institutional framework around delivering security and delivering social contracts are not clearly enforced. And even if they're enforced, what's the level of collaboration among the three tiers of government to ensure that these things are properly executed and that the nation is better and safe on a daily basis? Because if you think about security, you think about just the executive power and the executive arm of government, but there's also the judiciary arm and the executive arm. So there's a question around the political economy, the core readiness and willingness of the political economy, and the question around governance. How do we govern for improved security? There's also a question around economic management. How do we govern for security enough that the economy is properly managed and the economy benefits from that proper governance or public leadership in the sense that we need a collection of properly thought-out, well-designed policies that speak to the different facets of the problem, not just from the politics and now, but a good fusion of politics and policy, to find critical solutions to different pockets of the problems, where they exist and to what extent they exist. Until then, we may not be able to see active improvement in economic indicators to a large extent. Gospel, it sounds to me, I might be wrong again, it sounds to me that you're saying that every single person campaigning to us, whether they be on the floor of the National Assembly or members of the executive or even at our local levels, you're sounding to me as if these people have no deal, no idea, or maybe they have no will whatsoever to want to change the course of things in this country. Maybe they seem to be comfortable with how things are because you keep talking about the lack of political will. And I think that this transcends, I might be wrong again, it transcends whether APC or PDP. They're telling me that our leaders lack sincerity and that they're okay with where we are, they only just pay lip service to us. And until they realize that this is the job that they asked to do and deliver, we might just be in this particular spot for a long time. Is that it? Yes, to a very large extent. That would be the challenge we would have to face very, very, and that's because we don't need institutions that hold public leadership, participants or players accountable. Even our institutions are not effective or they're incapacitated to a large extent in holding political office holders accountable. The citizens are not aware and the citizens do not have an agenda when it comes to citizen participation. And then what is the social contract that binds the Aberdeen, Nigerian and the people in power? We do not have that in view of talking about executing that social contract. We have different pockets of issues around reaching this goals and objective when it comes to security and ensuring that the dividend of democracy in quotes is achieved. Until these things are informed, then not really see any major outcome when it comes to the Nigerian economy. Okay. Let me go back to Mr. Christian as we wrap this conversation up. The World Bank in its report, I'd like to quote it directly, proposes a near-term policy option. In fact, they gave options aimed at restructuring, dealing with inflation and implementing policies that support inclusive and job creation. So inclusive policies and job creation, they're asking that there be a protection of poor households because, of course, let's not forget, Nigeria is the second, if not the third poorest country in the world. On the poverty index, I think in 2019, we were the poverty capital of Nigeria. And now we are number three, so it's not like we got better, it's just that the poverty index reduced in Nigeria. But these policies that the World Bank is proposing, because I'm not sure they're imposing it, they're giving us ideas as to how we can better our economy, and they're saying that we need to prioritize the poor. The presidency, I can hear them saying that, well, we give 5,000 and we give 20,000 to the poorest of the poor. If you were to be seated on that economic council, as a business journalist, as someone who works with figures and you have gone to the length and the breadth of this country recording issues of the economy and businesses, what would you rather that the presidency and the government deal with first in getting us out from under this mud? To me, it's unfortunate that over the years, we keep sliding, Nigeria keeps sliding, and that is produced by one business party. And that is that government is busy with projects, with the position of projects. Government is not so okay, government is not a good manager of businesses, and therefore our job is to provide security and provide safe access to the private sector. The private sector person is coming in for profit. He didn't come in to create jobs. So who is that person creating jobs? The person, this is another one, is doing projects. This one is only, is out there for profit. It's via a citizen, a government policy, a proposal that allows government to do a safe and local. So say, these are many jobs they are supposed to create in one quarter, in one month, in one year. Who creates because it's the number of jobs? What are you going to do to create them? To work with the private sector to create them. If government is not supposed to profit, a private sector person is not supposed to just grab your unemployment. So who has the responsibility to cut your employment, cut job creation as a policy? Then how is your security tied to job creation? When you do projects, what are they supposed to do? How many jobs per day are you supposed to create? Because if you don't create the jobs, you want jobs to be created at this time, then it will not work. A lot of people will be getting into poverty echelon, getting into more unemployment and gradually increase. What you are saying is, those things that we import as a nation, there was a time we said we need to substitute imports. So most of the things we import, we think how we can do this kind of and create jobs. How are we driving them? What percentage do we achieve every month? What are our gains? So until we take job creation as the majority of the government, what are they supposed to do? But to give targets and do policies that we need to do targets, then we will just conclude to fly into a poverty region as it is. Wow, so you are saying set targets to create jobs and make sure that infrastructures are built to help these investors make their monies and costs. And the other, we benefit at the end of the day. Well, Ignatius Choukou is a journalist and he is Forte's business. Gospu le Billy is an economist. Thank you very much, gentlemen, for being part of this conversation. Thank you for having me. All right. We will take a short break and when we return, the conversation continues on the controversy surrounding plans by the federal government to start the implementation of the gasset on the old cattle grazing boots. Stay with us.


From the Computer Museum in Mountain View, California, it's theCUBE, covering ACG Silicon Valley Grow Awards, brought to you by ACG Silicon Valley. Hey, welcome back everybody, Jeff Frick here with theCUBE. We're at the ACG SV 14th Annual Grow Awards. It's our big annual event, about 300 people here at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View and we're excited to have one of the board members join us. She's Anita Ganti, SVP and Global Head of Product Engineering Services for WIPRO and a board member, welcome. Thank you, thank you for having me here. So how long have you been involved in this organization? Not very long, it's just a little over a year. All right, and what attracted you to it? I actually got introduced by a friend. She connected me to the board of ACG and I could see what the organization was doing in terms of bringing more growth, more energy here in the Silicon Valley, not that we don't have enough already, but I'm very passionate about it and so I was really glad to be introduced and brought into their fold, so to speak. All right, good, so I'm going to set you up, I did a little research for a week, have you on? Famous Jeffrey Hammerbacker quote, you probably know what I'm going to say, but the best minds of my generation are thinking about how to make people click on ads and it sucks. But you're all about using tech for good, that's what you're passionate about, not just using it to get people to click ads, but really doing some meaningful work around meaningful things. What are some of your favorite projects you're working on? Yeah, and I'll just clarify, right? It's not that clicking on ads is a bad thing, I mean people do need to buy, we need to get commerce going and all that, but with all the technology that we have access to, it seems such a shame that we are not paying attention to real world problems, larger world problems and I think global warming is something that's real. I'm on the camp that believes that it's very real and there's a lot of harm that some aspects of technology have cost our planet and it's important to really look at sort of, not just the first world problems, those of us here in the Silicon Valley see every day, but really open our eyes to what's happening in other parts of the globe, the need for water, clean water, water filtration, clean air, combating some of the changes that have been created as a consequence of global warming, having access to information, education, so these are some things that are really personally dear to me. Right, right, so we've done some stuff at the Western Digital and I know SAP is part of this, work with the United Nations for some of their really big global goals that they're addressing and a lot of them you talked about, simple things, water, access to information, better food production, there's so much inefficiency and ag that we see that people are applying technology to, so there is a real opportunity and we are seeing, I think, some movements into that area. And absolutely, and it doesn't always have to be done by the corporate arm that's focused on social issues. We can do that as engineers, we're working just in our day-to-day lives. We could be looking for ways in which we apply things like IoT, internet of things, to sort of providing services as a service to enable smart cities, really look for avenues in which we look at technologies that are available to us every day and then just like people invest in social causes without really looking at it as philanthropy, look for for-profit avenues, avenues to enable technology but then kind of keeping the impact to our planet in mind. You guys deal with a ton of customers, right? You're out on the leading edge, you're helping people implement technology, so are you seeing people add that in as kind of a, you think of like a public works project or a building project, there's always some carve-out for art or other things to keep the cities beautiful. Is there similar type of thing you're seeing for social good and some of these projects where there's some carve-out, some allocation to make sure that that base is being covered? You know what I want to say is you don't have to think of it as a carve-out. You can make that as a part of your mission in what you do. So here in the Silicon Valley, we're creating so much technology and all that technology has multiple applications. You know, it's like both sides of the coin. Right, right. And if we're making technology available for artificial intelligence, machine learning, we're creating technology to do things like blockchain, authentication, distributed ledger. It's just about opening our minds a little bit and then taking those products, taking that technology to other markets. There are, in many ways, the technology has and the technology have not. Absolutely. And a lot of it is not just about making the product, but then taking the product you've made and then implementing it in various use cases that really make a change come about in the world. And so that's something that I'm very passionate about. All right, Anita. Well, thank you for taking a few minutes to stop by and give us the update and really excited for doing tech for good because we hear so much about the bad these days. So thanks for your time. Thank you. My pleasure. My name is Anita Gandhi. I'm Jeff Frick. You're watching theCUBE from the ACGSV Awards Mountain View, California. Thanks for watching.


Hi, I'm Dr. Gautam Kumar. I'm the Consentant Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgeon here at Manipal Group of Hospitals, Bangalore. Liver transplantation as a procedure is relatively new. It was first performed in 1967 by Dr. Stazil. It entails removal of old, cirrhotic liver, which is a chronic liver, one affected with chronic liver disease and completely replace it with a new, healthy liver which either can come from a diseased, brain-dead donor or a living donor giving about 60% of their liver. As a liver transplant procedure itself is quite a complicated procedure. It requires at least for cadaveric transplantation. It requires the patient needs to be evaluated, one, and then once they get registered in the list, they have to wait till they get an organ suitable for them from a cadaveric donor. So once the donor is available and once we do the surgery, it usually takes around two weeks for recovery and initial three to four days in ICU. With living donor liver transplantation, it is more of a planned procedure in which one of the relatives gives part of their liver about 60% of liver is given and the beautiful thing about liver is it regenerates. So the donor liver given to the patient grows to the normal size and the liver which is left behind in the donor grows to the normal size in two to four weeks. With living donor liver transplantation, it is more of a planned procedure and again it requires around two weeks of hospitalization.


I think I just got busted by Amazon. They did it very nicely in this mass automated email, but I do know from this that I am in quite a bit of trouble with Amazon. I am an Amazon affiliate or an Amazon associate. That's how they prefer to call us. But what that means is that I have an account where I can put links into my YouTube channel descriptions and into blog posts. And it even means that I can put those nice boxy Amazon product boxes. And what that means is that when you click on one of those links, I get a small, very small percentage commission from what is sold. Amazon make it very, very clear to everyone doing this that you are supposed to declare this. I absolutely knew that I'm supposed to say if you click on this link, I get a bit of commission. But I didn't know the exact wording. Well, I know I haven't worded it correctly because I got this email. But it's totally clear and I completely get that I'm supposed to declare it correctly.  And then I will have hundreds, literally hundreds of pages and posts with links that don't do anything. So in this video, I am going to fix absolutely everything and I've got to do it quickly before I get another one of these emails. I'm going to show you how I'm fixing my Amazon associates links. I'm probably going to go through about 200 videos. I'm going to show you the exact wording, the exact disclaimer that you're supposed to write every time that you use one of these links. And through all of this, I'm going to show you exactly how much money I earned this month from Amazon associates. So you're going to see my entire revenue for how much money being an Amazon associate brings in for me. By the way, hello, I'm Neil Mossy. I'm a development producer, helping high achieving creators and performers just like you to get ideas out of your head to make more people happy right here on YouTube. And oh my goodness, do we need your ideas? Look, here's some footage of me in trouble before, trying to keep up with a movie star who's well off his face in a speeding limo that's well over the limit. Now we're going about 75, 75, what's the limit? 65. I had hair back then, not for much longer. So let's first look at this very friendly reminder that I get from Amazon associates. Hello, associate. Nice and personal. This is a recurring reminder that any time you share an associate link, it's important to disclose that to your audience. Maybe I need some more serious music under this. You must include a legally compliant disclosure and identify yourself on your site as an Amazon associate with the language required by the operating agreement. Can't even say it. So on your site, does that mean in my channel description? I guess it probably does. Now it says a clear disclosure could be a simple ad. So it doesn't even say that this is the absolute wording you must use. So it could be brackets, paid link, or hashtag ad or hashtag commissions earned. It should be placed near any associate link or product review in a location that customers will notice easily. In some places that it says, you must put this disclaimer just before the link, never after the link. But here's where I'm going to play it really safe. The following statement is clearly inconspicuously appearing on my site. As an Amazon associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. I should put a bit of echo on that, shouldn't I? As an Amazon associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. I know this is me wanting too much, but I wish that whatever link triggered this email, I wish they could hint at which post, which blog post, which link, or which YouTube video has triggered this. It would be so helpful. So let's go into my YouTube studio dashboard and we're gonna click on videos to see how much damage there is. I'm not looking forward to this at all. I'm going to do a search on the word Amazon. And if you click on this upside down triangle, it brings up this menu. We'll go down to description. And then we want the description to contain the word Amazon. Let's see how many there are. Oh, it's 117, 117 videos to check and change. The other cool thing that we can do is to click on date. If you click on this arrow, it rearranges this list to bring the earliest videos first. Let's dive into this first one just to see what's here. This is from my video of how to remove marker pen. But if I go into the description, I've already done this one. I've got to go through every single video to check that it's got this wording. As an Amazon associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Let's run some music and speed this up a bit. Okay, so it's 191 videos. Let me show you how to put this onto your channel level. I've gone into customization in my YouTube studio and then basic info. This is the channel description. Maybe I'll just put it here as an Amazon associate. I earn from qualifying purchases. I just changed 191 YouTube videos. It took well over two hours. I'm really glad though, because at least I know that those are finished. So now I've got to check all the other places where I might have put these links. This is my blog. I don't think the instructions are that clear because if you have these boxes, surely those are clear ads for Amazon. But just to be safe, I've put the declaration that Amazon associates want me to put there. I just need to do that about 200 times now. Don't worry, I won't make you watch that, but I have put this disclaimer on my actual websites itself. So I've put the, as an Amazon associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. I've put that onto my website so that the website itself is super clear. But I know what you want to see next. It's this. This is the hallowed dashboard of Amazon associates. I'm gonna show you how much I earn in a month with Amazon associates as an Amazon affiliate. Like there aren't enough A's in those words. This is the cause of all my worry right now. And oh my goodness, I've just sold something quite big. So on the main dashboard, I'm showing my earnings overview for the last 30 days. It's a little bit similar to YouTube, except on this graph, the green line that doesn't go up very much, that's where the money is. And if I hover my cursor over this one, this looks nice and juicy. £14.70.  The other thing to bear in mind is that Amazon associates has an Amazon associates in every single marketplace. So for every, pretty much every country that you want to provide links for has its own Amazon associates site and you have to be approved by each territory one by one. But let's go to my earnings report. So in the last seven days, I've earned £18. What is good is they've just introduced a thing so that you can see all your accounts in one place. So in the United Kingdom, I earned £15 in the last seven days and in the US, I earned $4. What's not to like about that? I wonder if I can change that to last 30 days. Right, wow, that's good. So in the last month, on the US Amazon associates site, I earned $72 and here in the UK, I earned £22. Glad I've captured it on video with you. You can see more detailed reports. They'll give you a summary at the top and fees. It's a really misleading word, fees, because it implies that I owe them some money, but I believe these are the fees that will come to me if I don't get banned and kicked off and busted by Amazon. So I think we're good, right? Amazon, you and me? The squiggly graphs show the clicks. So the red line shows the number of times my links have been clicked on. For instance, on the 13th of September, my links were clicked on 35 times and one item was ordered from which I earned $1.01. Let's go to this big one up here. My links were clicked on 18 times. 12 items were ordered from that. That's quite a high ratio for which I earned $4.77. And it sort of adds it all up and gives you these figures. It's not something I'm glued to. It's probably something I only check every couple of months. My link clicks have been responsible for $2020 worth of items being shipped. And that was on 461 clicks of my links and 50 items were ordered. So that conversion rate, I believe, is 10.85%. What I love just browsing through is this table here because it actually lists every single item that has been bought. Some strange stuff there which I haven't put links to. But what happens is if someone goes to Amazon using one of my links and they don't buy the item but they then go on to buy something else, I believe I earn a commission on that instead. If I click on this button here, earnings, this one's a bit more understandable for me because it's in order of total items shipped. I can reorder this list to see what brought in the most revenue. So if I click on total revenue, look at that, I sold a camera. Oh my goodness. And for that one camera, I picked up $29.92. So I'm really pleased with that. And I also sold an air purifier. So, you know, the goodness just doesn't stop on this channel, does it? These are my squiggly lines for the United Kingdom sales. On the 5th of October, I earned £14.70 on two ordered items which came from 18 clicks of my links. But what could it be? Let's click on the earnings button and order it by total revenue. My link was responsible for the sale of one dehumidifier at £174.99 which meant that I received £12.25. I sold seven spool lines. If you've seen any of my videos about how much I earn on YouTube, my biggest problem right now is that I am garden tools guy because my most popular videos aren't about helping creators and performers just like you here on YouTube. They're there to help you how to change a trimmer line for cutting down the weeds in the garden. And that brought in £2.85. This is probably why I really need to wind that down. And if you subscribe to this channel, you will see my ongoing story with how I am niching this channel. I think the next video is going to be about me deleting videos and removing videos. So if you want to come along for the ride for that, click on the subscribe button before every subscription is really, truly appreciated. I can't imagine anyone did but if you reach this point of the video, please hit that thumbs up button just to let me know that somebody reached this point of the video. And if you have any questions, I'm sure other people out there will be able to answer them for you. Leave a comment below. It'd be lovely to hear from you. Just say hi. And right here is what YouTube thinks you should be watching next. Wow, that was an abrupt ending.


Hi, I'm Mike Donaldson, founder of Global Garden Friends and I'm going to show you now our other product which is a direct competition with bamboo or any kind of stakes out there. The benefit to ours is that they do not rot, they are recyclable and they extend so they grow with your plant and they're nicer to look at than just some other sticks you know in your garden or in your house and stuff. So I'll show you how they work. Let me do this one here. Very simple, take your stake, put it in just like any other stake, clump it up and as the plant grows they extend. They go up and down but they turn and they lock okay. So if you have a plant like this one over here that's going to be growing taller you can take a pole and stick it, the larger one over, I think I can, there I go, over the smaller pole and that turns and locks right there.  People prefer these like I said over the bamboo because they don't rot and they look nicer.


During the last few months and weeks, we have witnessed the significant deterioration of the humanitarian situation in the northeast of Nigeria due to the increased violence. Thousands of people have been forced to flee their homes and to look for refuge in safe havens, notably in Maiduguri and Yola and other regions in Nigeria. Thousands have also crossed the border into neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Niger. People who have fled have lost almost all their belongings and need basic items. Some of them have also lost contact with their family or with their children. Others have been caught up in fighting or in bomb blasts and need urgent medical assistance and the medical facilities either are not working or are completely overstretched. In the last few months and weeks, for example, we have assisted 50,000 IDPs in Maiduguri with food and non-food items, 12,500 IDPs in Yola in Adamawa State with the same assistance and 5,000 in Kano. This program goes along with the Nigerian Recross Society and includes also assistance such as shelter, water, sanitation and health assistance. We also are looking now into the issue of separated family members, notably the unaccompanied minor, where we have started to register them and try to find their families. For the wounded and sick, we have a full surgical medical team here available, which can assist in any place in Nigeria to help directly the hospitals to operate and we have quite a significant stock of medical supplies so that we can give donations to health facilities. We also work together with the National Society, the Nigerian Recross, in order to boost their capacity to respond to the needs. The first one is especially in the northeast of Nigeria is access to certain areas, the rural areas, we don't really have access and we are working on that one so we have to concentrate on where the people come to the safe havens. The others are just the sheer dimension of the assistance needed. We do our best to increase our capacity but the needs are enormous and we really have to concentrate on the most vulnerable ones. We also increase our assistance in neighboring countries so not only Nigeria but it's now a regional dimension where we coordinate with our neighboring delegations to give the best possible assistance to these people.


I have the pleasure of introducing Professor Alan Garner, his nuclear engineering. And we hired him at 2012 when he actually came. I was a department head for six years from 2009 to 2016 or something like that. So very pleased. And now we made the correct decision. Excellent candidate. So Professor Garner actually got his PhD from the University of Michigan in 2006. And he has a bachelor's degree from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. And after that, he was working in the GRC research center at General Electric, which he spent six years doing also a great job in General Electric. And what tip the scale actually he has in hiring him, he was actually, he is a Navy officer. He's a commander. And now he's just a couple of months ago promoted to basically captain. And when I saw that, because I was a Navy officer myself, I said, this is the guy who's for nuclear engineering. So and that was right. So then he was also formulated a research group at the nuclear engineering at Purdue. And he has many. I'm not going to go through all his achievement, but he has many several honors in the national and international award. Some include IEEE, Early Achievement Award, Air Force AFRL, Air Force Research Lab, Summer Fellow, which is also prestigious for faculty to do. IEEE senior member, and several Navy and Marine Corp medals, actually five achievement and one commendation. Very good. Excellent. And also internally has the best teacher award in 2013, as well as Paul Zimola, scholars of NE. And his student also won several awards. So sorry it's a little bit long, but welcome our new associate professor at nuclear engineering. Thank you, Ahmed. So I'm going to take a little bit of a different attack than how Sally took hers, because my career is a little bit different than the common faculty career. So as you can tell from my title sign, I put both of my positions up there. I'm actually a dual career person. Obviously, you're familiar with the left, as Ahmed spent a lot of time talking about. I just received tenure and now have the fortune of being the undergraduate program chair in nuclear engineering. And I also get the additional benefit of being our academic advisor, since we currently don't have an academic advisor. So I get to do lots of new fun things there. On the right is my Navy billet or assignment. I just promoted to captain on July 1st. We had a ceremony over at Potter for that back then. And my role there, I'm what's called PEO Submarines. And that's program executive office. So basically my role is I am the senior submarine officer in the Navy Reserve engineering duty officer community. And my role is coordinating all the support that we provide to the submarine community for construction of the new ballistic missile submarine, the USS Columbia. So that's what that means. And I'll talk more about that as I go on to the following slides. So to start with, the United States Navy. So I was a Naval ROTC member when I was an undergraduate at the University of Illinois. So I joined Illinois in 1992, was an ROTC student that covered my tuition. So I obviously incurred an obligation of five years after that. And this has the mission of the Navy for those of you, Indiana, I'm from Illinois. Just to let you know, permission of the Navy, maintain, train, and equip combat-ready naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression, and maintaining freedom of the seas. So three quarters of the world is water. You need to move goods and services around the world. So water is still the most beneficial way. I'll just interrupt you just for a second. My apologies. All right, so sustaining combat readiness, building a fleet of the future, and developing 21st century leaders. So when I was first in ROTC, obviously, I was a nuclear engineering undergraduate. So the primary thing that interested me was going and becoming a nuclear propulsion officer. So in the Navy, you have two choices if you want to do that. You can go submarines or you can go aircraft carriers. I chose to go submarines. So here is the list of, I don't know what year this came. This was probably from about three years ago. But it's more or less relevant today. We've got fast attack submarines. These are the ones that go out and do missions. They go after enemy shipping. They go do operations off people's coasts. I was on a Los Angeles-class submarine. I was assigned there for 32 months. I've got more on that in a couple of slides down the line. You also have the Seawolf class, not many submarines there, and then the Virginia class, which is still under construction now. Ballistic missile submarines are very important in the Navy arsenal because they are part of the nuclear triad. Obviously, for nuclear deterrence, which was a big deal during the Cold War and as more and more nations start to progress towards nuclear weapons, becomes increasingly important to national security. So the Ohio-class submarines were first commissioned in the late 70s, and they're nearing the end of their useful life. So the number one priority right now in the Department of Defense is constructing the next-generation ballistic missile submarine, which is the USS Columbia. And that's where my current position comes in. When I transferred to that current position in December of 2017, my role was to try to coordinate all the reserve support for the construction of the new ballistic missile submarine USS Columbia. So that's what my role has been, is trying to develop that whole process to get the right sort of technical people out there to help with that construction. So this is something that we're required to do in my community in the Navy. This is our career planner. And this is a very nice thing in the sense that it tells you where you've been and where you plan to go. And in my case, I think this is a very nice thing to kind of outline a lot of what Ahmed was talking about earlier. So this goes back to when I first commissioned in the Navy in December of 1997 after my first master's degree at Michigan. So after that, I spent about 18 months going through Navy nuclear training. So we go through a six-month program called Nuclear Power School, which is basically all coursework. So it has materials, electrical engineering, basic nuclear physics, calculus, everything you can imagine that you need to understand to operate a nuclear power plant. Then I went to what's called prototype, which is six months, where you actually learn how to operate the things in practice. So we went and we learned all the technician or enlisted watch stations. Then we qualified to be what's called engineering officer of the watch. So the person in charge of the operation of the reactor. So after that training, then I went to submarine officer basic course. You can't see it. That's that little line there. That's three months. And that completed the full 18 months of training. That's where we learned how a submarine operated. I then went to the USS Pasadena for 32 months. I was reactor controls assistant, chemistry and radiological controls assistant, quality assurance officer and communicator. So what does all that stuff mean? RCA is the one in charge of all the electronics that measures all the reactor power and all the instrumentation controls associated with that. During that tour, we actually did a change out of our instrumentation and controls from analog to digital. So in my role at the start of that, I was the one that oversaw the removal of all that equipment. I then became CRA, which is in charge of all the water chemistry. So we use a pressurized water reactor. So you're heating up water. You've got all the water flowing through the secondary plant. So it was very important to control the chemistry to make sure you don't have erosion or activation of materials. So that also becomes very important when you've been shut down for a year and then go to restart. So I was the chemistry and radiological controls assistant when we first started the reactor plant back up after 18 months or 12 months or so being shut down. Quality assurance officer is the one responsible for making sure that when we go underwater, we come back up. So in charge of all the administration, making sure all the seawater valve maintenance is correct and all of that. I got the benefit of doing that right after we got out of the shipyard and had torn the ship apart. I was the one that was quality assurance officer when we went back out to sea and had to make sure that everything was all right. So as you can tell, there's a lot of responsibility for someone that was just a couple of years out of school. From there, I went to shore duty and that's where I have the two paths. So I did shore duty at submarine training facility where I taught nuclear reactor operations and principles to officers getting ready to qualify to be the chief engineer of the submarine, which is something I did during my junior officer tour. That's also when I went to Old Dominion University and learned about electrical applications of plasmas and pulse power and got a master's degree in electrical engineering. So that's one of the critical areas of our research group and that's how we wound up doing bioelectrics and electrophysics, which is along the lines of some of the things that Sally was talking about with plasma physics and pulse power. Then going along the bottom path, you have the standard more academic path. I got my PhD at Michigan. I worked in industry for six years and then I joined Purdue. At the top, I was in a submarine unit. Basic role of that unit was to make sure that submarines didn't hit each other during operations. Very important work, but as you can tell, those of you particularly graduate students or already faculty, it's not necessarily the most intellectually stimulating type of work. So after my PhD, when I moved in New York, I started looking around. I wanted to do something different and that's how I wound up working as an engineering duty officer. So this goes in a little bit of information here. So this is where I used to work at GE. Whoops, a little bit too much. And we still continue to collaborate with them. We're working with them on multiple projects. The biggest one right now is platelet activation using electric pulses to permealize platelets so that you can induce them to activate, to form gels that you can put on wounds. I talked more about this this morning at the BAME seminar I gave that Travis, who's one of my students, got to attend. So these are all the different projects I worked on. I'm not gonna go into too much detail but I was hired originally as a biomedical engineer so they had me working on digital pathology. They also needed someone that understood nuclear power so I helped them with a radioisotope battery source my first month there. I got a co-inventorship on a patent. I worked very briefly in radiation detection and non-proliferation at the end of one year when funding was short and so I wound up working on that. A large chunk of my work was working on thermal stress modeling and flip chips for satellites, composite modeling for EMI which has been morphed into a project that we now are doing for ONR for making nonlinear transmission lines. Membrane temperature gradients which we looked at for both lasers and microwaves and then obviously the platelet activation work. So as you can tell a lot of this leveraged skills from nuclear engineering from the Navy and has continued on here at GE and with collaborations. In my other world after my PhD I joined Naval Sea Systems Command which is the engineering arm of the US Navy. The active duty engineering duty officers are a very small cadre of officers but they control the majority of money in the Navy that goes out to building platforms, contracts and that sort of thing. Over my time it's kind of small but down at the bottom I've worked for the industrial operations NAVCO4 those are the people that do ship maintenance. I spent a lot of time working at shipyards. I currently work more for the PEO Columbia up on the left Admiral Popano and that's what we do now. We're going through and trying to get all the support for constructing the submarines. And along the way I've been involved with a lot of shipyard work. This goes through a lot of that but I spent four years commanding groups of around 200 sailors who go out and provide technical support to the shipyards. Put in that. And that has led to all of these collaborations because I've been in industry, I've been in military and we're collaborating on multiple things. We're working with agricultural companies. We've talked to a small company here at Burke. We've got multiple patents filed with them on microorganism, magnet activation and stem cell manipulation. We've got an SBIR through NASA with Eagle Harbor who builds pulse generators as well as some imaging companies that we've also worked with. And finally I'm not going to go into the detail of all of our research that we do as a group but this is the slide that I always show at the beginning of our group meetings with all the various projects that we work on. We do experiment, we do theory. We do work with Sally who just spoke of plasma modeling for combustion over on the right. We co-advise one student and another student we work very closely together. We've got 11 graduate students and the undergraduates fluctuate but probably about just as many. But the important thing that I want my students to get out of this is working across sectors which I've done quite a bit as well as working across disciplines. As you can see we've got aero, we've got ABE, we've got nuclear, chemical, electrical and health science. And with that I'm open to any questions. Thank you. How do you manage two jobs, a Navy as well as this? What are your academic jobs? Well, I get a lot of help. So when my wife had our second child in 2016, so we have a 10 year old and a three year old and right before that was when I got that AFRL summer of faculty. So her parents were retired living down in Florida so they actually came up and have been with us for most of the last four years. So without their help we wouldn't be able to handle this and plus we actually have some neighbors and friends from church that have been very helpful over the last couple years. So basically it's juggling and a lot of help. Other questions? Hello, yeah. It's really interesting to see a person from the Navy and having an experience in the industry as well as right now you are in academia. I have seen very often the people from the industry to academia transition. How about the transformation from the academia to industry? So what's your opinion on that? Okay, so actually GE in the past it was more so but GE where I used to work was actually more similar to academia than industry in some ways because we were the fundamental research arm for GE so we had little departments and we'd focus on more fundamental things. So we were somewhere in between the basic research that you do at the university and the more direct research that you would do at a profit and loss center as we refer to it at GE. So one of the things I really enjoyed about where I worked at the research center was I wasn't working for a single business unit. I did work for life sciences. I did work for plastics. I did work for Lockheed Martin as part of contracts. So from that perspective it was a lot like academia. The problem was that I had to find a way to staff my 40 hours each week and I would have to go around and find different projects which for me was fine. I worked on all sorts of projects but that didn't necessarily make the lab managers happy because it didn't necessarily fall within what they wanted the lab to do. So as a professor I don't have to worry about that as much. If I see something that's interesting I can tie it together. That's why our group is so diverse. Everything we do stems from electromagnetic radiation. It's just what we do with it that makes it different. Any other questions? I'll end it with a funny one. Can you go to slide four? Okay. Yeah this one. So I see you have like you're getting a full professor in 2024. Yes. I thought you were optimistic last week more than to get it in three years. What happened? You can answer. It's always good to aim high and then not reach. Yeah.


Watch these two wickets. Good example of swing bowling versus seam bowling. That's stark, fired up about it. This is swing bowling. Basically, in baseball, we'd say a slider. It breaks, runs in the air. They say it swings away from the batter. Watch in the air. It's moving. He's got to chase it. He touches it right to the fielder. The next one is seam bowling. Now this one has no baseball comparison because it's all about the bounce. Basically, he wants to rip that straight down. A little bit of wobble here. And sometimes they do that on purpose. And he wants it to bounce on the seam and then just spray whatever way it's going to go. The pitcher doesn't even know. That time it went into his legs. He thought it was going to go the other way. He's out.


The candidate of the Social Democratic Party, SDP in Oshun State Governorship Election, Uyeguke, says the carrot and stick approach is the best way to tackle autism in the state. He made the recommendation yesterday in his remark as the debate are the Oshun Governorship Debate 2022. Apart from that, the incumbent governor, Degbo Yiga Oye Tola, who was seeking re-election on the platform of the EAPC, and Senator Ademola Adelikei of the PDP, took their stand at the stage. A former deputy speaker of the House of Representatives and candidate of the Labour Party, Yusuf Lasso, as well as Dr. Akin Ogumbie of the Accord Party were also present. Still answering questions on security of the state, Omig Bodun said, I am not a cultist, but I know how to take out cultism, and that's one of the reasons I want to be governor.


Alright friends, so I'm Dheeraj here and there is one doubt which many of the students have asked me so I thought I could record a video discussing that question and so that we can all learn together, right? So you can see the question in front of your screen, two particles A and B each having a charge Q, okay? So now both of them have the same charge. So they are placed at a distance of D apart. So distance between them so is small D. Where should a particle of charge small Q be placed on a perpendicular bisector of AB so that it experiences the maximum force, okay? Now we need to understand few things here. First of all, let me draw perpendicular bisector here a little bit like this. So if let us say I place a small charge, let's say charge Q over here, then what is a force on this small charge if it is on perpendicular bisector? So you can see that between capital Q and small Q, this first charge will try to push it away like this and the second one will also try to push it away like that. So because these forces are equal and opposite, the total force on the small Q is 0 when it is placed over here, right? Now imagine this small charge Q is placed at infinity like you keep going away and away from here and it is placed at a very far away distance. So because now the small Q distance is very large, this distance is tending to infinity, the force between capital Q and small Q tends to 0. Similarly, the force between the other charge and small Q becomes 0. So there are two situations in which force on the small Q becomes 0. One is when it is at the midpoint of the line connecting the both the charges and the other one when Q is very far away, right? So somewhere in between there should be a distance, let's say a distance of x where the charge Q is experiencing the maximum force. What I am trying to tell you is let's say if I try to draw a graph, here let's say on the y-axis the value of net forces and here is this x coordinate, okay? So when x is 0 which is at the midpoint the force is 0, somewhere in between it will peak out and then as you keep going away and away the force tends to become 0, right? So there will be a value of x for which the value of force is maximum. So that is what we need to find out, okay? So let us try to do that. Now I can find the force for any value of x, right? So first, so the first this thing for us would be to find out what is the value of f with respect to x, right? How it is changing with respect to x? So if I keep small Q, if I keep this small Q over here then the force between capital Q and the small Q would be this side, right? That is what we have learned that the force will be along the line joining the two charges, right? There will be another force from the other charge capital Q so that would be also it will be like this, okay? Let's say this is capital F like that, okay? Now the sum of these two forces I have to do, now in grade 11 we have learned that whenever more than one forces are there we can add them vectorially or we can just take components and add it along the x-axis and along the y-axis, right?  Let us say this is my y-axis and this is my x-axis. This is my x-axis, this is my y-axis, right? So if I take components of the forces, if I take component of forces along the x-axis, so what you can see here is that this angle is equal to that angle and the forces are equal, right? So sum of the two forces along the x-axis becomes 0, right? So the entire force is along the y-axis only, right? So if I add a force along the y-axis that is my total force only, the sum of all the forces along the y-axis will become, let's say if this is theta then it will be equal to f sin theta for the first one and the second one is also f sin theta, right? So the total force, I can write here, total force becomes 2f sin of theta, I will write total force as fd, okay? So what is the value of f if this is d by 2 then the distance between small q and capital Q, what will be that distance? Let's call it as r. So that distance would be equal to root over of x square plus d by 2 whole square. Now I am finding distance because in the Coulomb force expression there is the distance that you have to write, right? So force between capital Q and small q would be equal to k, capital Q small q divided by r square that is x square plus d square by 4, right? And theta is something that we have assumed, right? So we need to replace theta in terms of x and d. So in the diagram you can clearly see that this angle is also theta and sin theta becomes x divided by root over x square plus d square by 4, right? So the total force becomes equal to 2k q into small q multiplied by x divided by x square plus d square by 4 raised to power 3 by 2. So this is the expression of force. You can clearly see that the force depends on x and we have to maximize this value of force, right? In order to maximize what we will do is that we will take a first derivative of this force with respect to x and equate that to 0. This will be our condition for maxima here. And when we differentiate and equate it to 0, we will get the value of x for which the force f will be maxima, right? So differentiating it will give us now k, capital Q, small q, they are constant, right? So first I will differentiate the numerator, the derivative of x is 1. Now if I differentiate it, the denominator I will get it. Now denominator is what? Denometer you can see here is x square plus d square by 4 raised to power minus 3 by 2, right? So minus 3 by 2 will come at front and the derivative will become square plus d square by 4 minus 5 by 2. So if you differentiate with respect to x, you will get minus 3 by 2 x square plus d square by 4 minus 3 by 2 minus 1, right? The power will get increased multiplied by 2x, right? That is what we will get, this into 2x, right? So the expression looks little complex, right? But I hope you can see the logic very, very clearly, 3 by 2 minus 3x square, you can see that 2 get cancelled away, this is plus 5 by 2 and there is a denominator. We have to equate this to 0 to find out the value of x for which the force is maxima, right? So if I equate it to 0, you can see I can take out x square plus d square by 4 raised to power 3 by 2 as common. It becomes 1 minus 3x square divided by, this is what you will get. Now if this expression has to be 0, then that has to be equal to 1. So from here, 3x square is equal to x square plus d square by 4 is coming, right? And you get 2x square is equal to d square by 4, from here you get x square is equal to d square by 8 or x is equal to d divided by 2 root 2, right? So if you are at a distance of d divided by 2 root 2 away along the perpendicular bisector at that location, the force is maximum, ok? Thanks for watching.


The Broadband Commission has published a set of targets originally in 2011 at the Broadband Leadership Summit here in Geneva and the original set contained five targets which related to different aspects of broadband, mostly for the global status of broadband but also some national targets, so that comprise broadband policy, affordability, household internet access, individual internet access, and the fifth target added subsequently in 2013 related to gender equality in access for broadband. However, the Commission felt that some of those targets which originally ran to 2015 were worth still monitoring, where all other priorities have developed in the meantime, so this January at Davos at the annual general meeting of the World Economic Forum, the Commission published a revised and updated set of national broadband targets which now comprise seven targets, again mostly national but some of them giving the global picture bit of a mix, so they retained the targets on national policy and affordability and internet access and most importantly they added new targets on business connectivity, digital skills, and access to digital financial services. The picture on these targets is slightly mixed, they now run to 2025 which is an eternity in telecom, it's very difficult to project even two years in telecom, let alone eight or seven, so this is really something of an ongoing project in terms of monitoring and measuring these targets. On the national policy target the first we're seeing progress is incremental at best, some of the plans have lapsed, a number of countries have introduced new plans and developed plans for national broadband agendas but overall the progress on that target was relatively incremental and it only increased from 156 countries to 159 countries year on year compared to last year, so we're seeing that the progress on that target is relatively slow but steady. What was new about target one was the introduction of national strategies for artificial intelligence and we're seeing very strong interest and strong growth with a number of countries moving to introduce their national strategies. On target two affordability the broadband commission has actually revised and changed its definition of affordability and reduced the target from five percent of average gross national income to two percent of average gross national income, so de facto we're seeing a reduction in the number of countries. On fixed broadband some 122 countries have achieved this target. On the individual internet access we're seeing fairly steady growth in internet access globally in terms of the global world population. It looks relatively clear that roughly half of the world's population will soon be online although the actual date has yet to be established with any degree of certainty. However we are taking 20 some 25 years to connect half the world's population and that was mostly in the urban relatively densely populated areas that are relatively easy to connect and we are seeing difficulties and challenges to overcome in extending internet access out into more remote and rural areas and there's a lot of research underway as to how telecom operators are going about upgrading and rolling out their networks. Obviously the transition from 3G to 4G is relatively well advanced. There are data to suggest that 4G is now available in the vast majority of the world's countries. There's the 5G transition just around the corner for which the international standards for 5G will be approved as the IMT 2020 standards at WRC 2019 next year. So we're seeing considerable interest in rolling out these new and more advanced networks but considerable difficulties in terms of the funding and financing and seeking the investment for the more remote and rural areas. So the issue of universal service has not gone away and is still very much with us. On the fourth target digital skills we see huge range in the estimates available for different countries. On the fifth target for business connectivity we see that more and more businesses are coming online although the degree of connectivity varies hugely according to the sector. With regards to access to digital financial services we see that some 15% of the total global population has access to a digital financial service that proportion increases somewhat to 21.4% of the global adult population since many countries bank accounts may not necessarily be available to children or infants. This is a reasonable proportion but obviously it could be much higher and we see a strong role for digital financial services in improving the access of poorer people to savings accounts and enabling them to set aside more of their income and whether shocks more readily. Finally with regards to gender equality and access to broadband, ITU's latest data show that the digital gender divide in fact broadens slightly from 2013 to 2017 and we are currently working on the next set of estimates to examine which direction that particular digital gap is moving and we very much hope that it will have turned around and be moving in the right direction as more women get connected and come online.