Alright, we're changing things, we're changing things a little bit, we've done two things so far, basically two big categories of things. We started with kinematics of particles. That's how we started the course a long time ago. Remember what kinematics is? Constant acceleration. Yeah, just not constant acceleration, that's one small part of it, but it's just the business of where something is, what it's doing while it's there, what it's going to do next, that type of thing, and then all of those things were tied together with time. So that's all we looked at the first couple of weeks of the term. Then we went to the kinetics of particles. Remember what that was? That was three things, and in fact a third we got, I believe just Monday, maybe a week though I forget exactly when we got it, but that was the third of the pieces of kinetics of particles that we did. This is how do we get these things? How do we get something to accelerate, or how do we get it to not accelerate, depending on which it is we need, but it was the involvement of the forces, how the forces are what affect the acceleration. Once you set the acceleration then the velocity and the position can all fall from that. We looked at three different ways to solve kinetics of particle problems. What was the second? We had a work energy equation. It wasn't something that works, it's not that these two don't work together, it was just another way to look at everything, but pieces of it came directly from F equals M a, so these aren't exclusive, it was just a little bit better way to look at some things. The last one we just got, impulse momentum, and each one of them solved a particular type of problem in a little bit better way, but they all came from F equals M a, so it's not like they're exclusive, it was sort of a prepackaged form of F equals M a that allowed us to solve different types of problems that might have been a little bit more difficult if we just approached them in the F equals M a way, but remember what type of problems this was real good for? Yeah, constant force problems, which we did a lot of, constant force and constant acceleration, assuming the mass is constant. Work energy worked well for position dependent problems because the work is very much dependent upon how much distance has it gone by and how much distance has it gone by, depends upon where the object was, and then certainly the gravitational potential energy term and the elastic potential energy term very much had to do with position, almost exclusively those were based upon position, but just some other little parts of it put in like the strength of the spring and the strength of the gravitational field, and then impulse momentum, haven't had too much chance to test drive it probably, there's a couple of problems there with it though, but we've been working with it in class a lot, just didn't get it in its impulse momentum form until Monday, works well for what type of problems? Time dependent problems, because the impulse is the integration of the force time curve, so forces change with time, then it is almost a no brainer to calculate the impulse, you just integrate the curve because they're real good at integrating, so now we're going to put that behind us, sort of, accept that we're going to start over, start over from the very first day, so, well I'm going to skip introducing myself, you know, we're going to kind of start over, we're not going to start, we're going to do all this stuff again, but not with particles, now we're going to do all this stuff again and we'll start with the kinematics, we're going to start with the kinematics now of rigid bodies, your day, last Saturday night, that's not what I mean, what you're all thinking, a man to slash some man that wasn't here, so, talk like, oh, I need to edit, I need to edit myself, but I can prove it over the years, I can't do that, in order to do it in real time, that's true, so, we're going to look at the kinematics of rigid bodies, never before did it matter to us how something was oriented, where it was facing, how it was turned, remember the kinematics of particles, we even talked about the fact that if we're talking about position and velocity and acceleration and if we were even doing it of a person or a car, I didn't care which way the car or the person was facing, I just said, it's here, then later it's here, what it doing between to get there, that's all we ever looked at, we took a single point to represent what could be a very complicated object in some very complicated motion, we used just a single point, in the last couple weeks we kind of came to understand, without ever having said so before, that the center of mass would do very well as that point, but I never even bothered with that in the first couple weeks of the class, if I was talking about the space station orbiting the earth, we just took the space station to be a single little point, and that little point represented the space station, and it was that point that we got to orbit the earth and we looked at how it would do so and what the forces on it, all those kind of things we looked at, that's not going to be the case anymore, now we're going to worry about how things are facing and how do we get them to face some other way, if I need to move a car from one place to another, it's not just as simple as getting one little point on that car to go somewhere else, I've got tires to turn and wheels to turn and I've got pistons to turn, all kinds of things that are in very different orientations, each split second of time that goes behind the travel of that single car that we took as a single point in space for all the weeks coming up to here, so now we're going to take our first step into how do we get these things to change their orientation, not just change their position, so first a real quick real simple definition of a rigid body, well obviously it's any object whose shape does not change, but we're going to be a little bit more formal with it in our understanding, any object could be a potato, I hate to make you guys hungry, I know you like potatoes, you're a tater tots, probably, anyway moving onward, a rigid body is anything that we could describe with three points that aren't in a straight line with each other, any three points, so by saying any three points I mean that we're essentially, at least in our minds, checking the entire object everywhere because those points could be anywhere, as long as they're not all on the straight line, three points not in a straight line make a triangle and a rigid body is an object that can go through any type of motion, I don't care if it accelerates or it skids with friction or it rotates or it rotates and accelerates and tumbles and rolls and all the possible type of things real objects can do, no matter what it does that triangle will never change, not in its angles, not in its sides, it'll always be exactly that same triangle and if you think about it, well that's exactly what you'd expect of a rigid body, it's not going to change any size or shape in any way and what better way, more simple way to describe a shape than a triangle, so any triangle we could associate with that object no matter what we do to it, no matter what forces we push on it, no matter what impulse or work we do on it, that triangle itself even if it's not a real one, just a virtual one will never change shape, that sounds like a fair definition of a rigid body that is about as simple as we could do and we're done with it, Alan are you okay, you look like you're frowning, like you don't believe that's rigid enough, yeah that's a rigid definition of a rigid body, beautiful, oh a triangular tater tots, yeah alright so here we go, alright so let's let's say kinematics a rigid body let's well let's start kind of like we did before, what we started with with kinematics of particles we started with position and then we looked at what happens as position changes and then we looked at what happens when the change in position changes and so on we built up from there so so here's here's some rigid body we'll just keep it nice and simple, make it circular, you're all as good at drawing circles as I am, go and on, so I have to call Professor Hampton out here and scold you, the terrible thing is that's not too bad a circle but but on the screen up here it gets distorted because the camera is up there shooting down and it's really pitiful, I have to actually if I want it to look good on camera I have to draw in such a way it doesn't look good for you but you're the paying customer so you get my best circle, alright so there's a circle and positions, all we're going to worry about for position right now is orientation we're not going to let its its general bulk linear position change in other words this object is right here and for the most part it's going to stay right here but its orientation is going to change only, well the simplest way that kind of thing happens is if we pin it at one point and let it turn about that point then its orientation is changing but its linear position isn't so it's not going to be quite like a car tire because those rotate and they translate we're just going to it's going to be much more like up like a clock or a gear in a big machine that can turn but that's all it does and it can turn left and it can turn right and it can speed up and it can slow down and all the other things our particles did we're going to let our rigid body do now so we'll pin it at one point as convenient as any is that center point for the picture word kind of pictures we're doing but this this again could be a potato or a peanut butter jelly sandwich or anything else that we could pin and then let it turn so position well what was the first thing we needed when we were talking about determining the position of a particle weeks ago not just an origin but an arbitrary origin because we can pick it anywhere as long as we all understand what it is it's good enough to keep going so as useful as anything for our origin is a line that we'll use for reference so why not a horizontal line like that and then we let it undergo some kind of simple rigid body motion that does not include linear motion does not include translation we'll just let it undergo some simple rotation about that one point where we pinned it so position then is going to be a very some kind of variance from that reference point the things just going to turn through a bit of an angle so that will be our position so this is this is our reference position our origin we'll use the letter theta to represent angle so for any purpose that we're talking about we might if we need an origin we'll call that origin theta equals zero and then we'll turn through some angle so that I'm being theta one this might be theta two equals something else and your volume protractors before you could throw one down there and measure that maybe it's about 40 degrees something like that we can see what that is and so so now we've already got then change in position and and so we're already catching up with the places where we've been talking about the kinematics of particles pulling out kinematics of riddy-byes the only thing though that's not going to work for us here that we've got a change is it's it's not too great a change it's kind of like changing in your mind from talking about our position and inches and feet which we're all very used to to talking about position and centimeters and meters which is we're not as used to but we're okay with we can handle just have to get we have to do the same thing with angle degrees is not going to work for us because we've got a lot of calculations coming up just like we did here we've got a lot of things to figure out to calculate and degrees don't work in those equations we need something that does so we're going to measure our angles in radians we can talk about them in degrees but our angle measurement will be what's called a radiant in an entire circumference once all the way around well here's probably the easiest way to talk about I guess imagine a circle just like you did when you were first taking trigonometry everything there was built upon the unit circle wasn't it a circle of radius one and they didn't say one foot they didn't say one meter they just said a unit circle we're gonna look at a circle with radius one so that's what we'll do here because this this really is directly a part of the trigonometry anyway so radius of circle one has a circumference of 2 pi not 2 pi r because r equals 1 so very simply 2 pi so we're going to let some amount of the distance around that circumference represent our angle and it's just what you did in trigonometry for example 90 degrees as we might refer to it in easy discussion is one quarter of the way around the circle so that's one quarter of 2 pi or what pi over 2 remember talking in trigonometry about angles especially the the regular nice regular angles 45 90 180 270 3 we just talk about that's that's all a radian that's all the radians are it's that trigonometry angle measurement that you used when you first picked up trigonometry you guys probably started a couple years ago that's when you first hit it so that's that's this very same thing we're going to use we can talk in terms of degrees because I don't know about you after all these years of doing this kind of stuff I don't think in ratings you tell me the angles 3 pi over 4 you're gonna have to give me about 15 minutes to work out what that means in my head on a good day 12 minutes but you tell me 118 degrees I got that I know what that means so so we'll talk in degrees but we've got to do our calculating in radians so that's going to be our base unit for these these for the for the position of a rigid body in rotational motion of some kind and we'll abbreviate it RAD because we're just too dang lazy to write out the entire word so RAD will suffice alright so we've already got change we've already got position we've already got change in position set just like we do with particle particle motion a long time ago but then of course the question comes up we're not just interested in the change in position but we're interested in how quickly that change in position occurs so we're going to take a look at what the changes position is per unit time how many radians per second is that position changing yeah went from from this orientation to this orientation or it could even be an object that went from here to here we could we could look at it in that same way I guess that's no real difference because the point on the edge of that thing did exactly that so we're interested in in what was its rate of change of position in radians per second let's see let's see let's even make ourselves a little chart we started with linear motion we started with position then we had change in position then we had change in position with time remember what I called that that's velocity that's all even even more generally though or maybe more specifically that's what kind of velocity that I've got right here yeah vector has to do with the fact that we're only looking at a bulk change of position not the change of position any of the things in between is what average this was average velocity and then we went to instantaneous velocity so this looks like well if theta is an angle which it is whether measured in radians or degrees it's an angle this must be angular velocity and it is this is angular velocity so it needs a nice symbol it's average angular velocity we use the symbol omega kind of a fat round w omega and it's it's available in if you go on word you go to insert and then symbols it you can find it on there as one of the original Greek letters and the type of things we like to use now so we have this definition of angular velocity the rate at which the angular position is changing on average and shouldn't be too much of a stretch for you to figure well I've got average angular velocity I'll bet you we've got instantaneous average sorry instantaneous angular velocity which is the average velocity as the time step goes down to incident time and we've got that as well so we've got this this linear business and we've got this rotational business that's going along hand in hand for position we have now angle we then had change in position we then had average angular speed we got instantaneous the omega dg there's we're not really even learning anything new it's all the same thing it's just instead of position along the number line type idea it's positioned as an angle but nothing's really changing everything looks everything looks very very similar we do need one other thing though right now it was a good time to bring it in how do we know if if uh if we have all this right now how do we know this object is turning counterclockwise or clockwise and that make any difference in the problem yeah I don't think you'd want to get in your car and have some of the wheels going one way and some of the wheels going the other way it'll bet it matters which way things turn so we need some way to designate for us the direction things are turning because in fact this is just like this was this is a vector quantity it's got magnitude a 40 degree angle is very different than a 50 degree angle it's also got direction 40 degrees that way is very different than 40 degrees that way so these are vector quantities just like the position wonderful so so we really are duplicating what we did here now we'll have to think about that a little bit more how we're going to actually designate that I was going to write that but that's the that's the deal these are all really vector quantities but it's going to be pretty straightforward for us because in this class every rigid body we're talking about is going to lay in a single plane during all its motion these things aren't going to turn and wobble like they could do you know if I took a frisbee put it on the table and gave it that kind of funny spin they do and then they wobble as they rotate well it's not it's not going through any linear motion because it's still right there but it's going through a very complex type of motion when it does that we're we're going to make ours even simpler than that in that whatever we have that's turning is going to stay in a single plane whether it's a vertical plane like that circle if I could actually have something up there spinning or whether it was be on the table and it would just turn in one place it's it's really a 2d motion in fact it's kind of like the circular motion if you look at just a point on the edge of this it's just going in circular motion type thing the way we've looked at before except now it's a whole object doing there so there's two ways we can handle three ways we can handle this direction business that we've got to handle one we could say let's do what we did here and say one direction is positive and the other direction is negative so we could say well let's call that direction positive the other direction negative that would work that would work just fine nothing up here would have to change that would work just great we could say any kind of angular change in the opposite direction we could call negative that would work and that would work in the equations too which is good that's nice when things work in the equations without messing up it means you got to keep an eye on your negative signs but it works works just fine we could also say well for direction I'll just say counterclockwise or clockwise that would work too but it wouldn't work in the equations because how do equations work with cw in them for clockwise and ccw for counterclockwise so it would work for our understanding and our verbal discussion of things and for a way for us to post results to a problem but it wouldn't quite work in the equations not as nice but it would work so we could do something simple clockwise and oops I was using my my Russian watch they always run backwards counterclockwise and clockwise we could do that oh you guys don't have digital watches do you know what counterclockwise and clockwise even means that's a clock don't tell me you haven't looked at it once all all year doing about 12 time a period oh god that you got to stop no no it is still going geez I thought it'd stop so we could do that for discussion just wouldn't work in the equations so mostly what we'll do is with the minus signs but there's another way we could do it and it would work for the general type of circulation where something could be wobbling and rotating because that's a full three-dimensional type motion more than just our two-dimensional motion minus plus and minus wouldn't work there in full three-dimensional motion because I don't know what is a minus and a plus mean when something's going all over the place but there is another way for us to describe this that works for what we're doing here works in the equations and would work in full 3d motion if we bother to get to it and that's where we talk about the possibility this could be a full 3d vector here's how we do it for a example for a counterclockwise motion take your right hand you can borrow mine take my right take your right hand put your fingers in the direction of the motion that automatically puts your thumb in a direction right out of the board so we can call we can say that a rotational vector in the counterclockwise way will represent with a vector that comes out of the board in the k direction so we could say for example we could say for this angle here we could say that's plus let's call it 40 degrees we could say it's 40 degrees counterclockwise or we could say it's 40 degrees or we'd use the radiant equivalent but remember I said we could use degrees if we're just discussing stuff we could say 40 degrees and we'll call that the plus k direction or we we use you know pi over four or whatever 40 degrees is in the k direction that's got magnitude it's got units whether we're radians or degrees you'd still know exactly what I was talking about that's called the right hand rule because it's all different if you use left hand if you put your left hand up there in the curl you get the thumb in the opposite direction now we don't agree with what we're talking about so we take we agree on a right hand rule fingers in the direction of the motion of concern that thumb comes straight out of the board that gives us a direction so a an angular velocity vector that's in one direction into out of the board and longer or shorter gives us all the things we need that perfectly and usefully describes this angular position angular velocity type stuff we're thinking of so that would also work in these equations but so will the plus and minus and we'll see some stuff we'll we'll do a couple problems in a second here and work it out and troubles so far it's not really there's not really been anything new yet except we have to look at position a little bit differently than we did before but but the basics are still very very similar Joey well we can agree on on whichever one just like we could do that with this remember a lot of time we had to talk is plus up or is plus down we can do the same thing here typically though counterclockwise is taken as positive and that also goes with this k vector business because typically that's our coordinate system we use a right handed coordinate system in general which means x rolled into y gives you z and that would be out of the board that would be positive so that all agreed that's that's the definition of a right handed coordinate system x crossed into y gives you z that's a right handed system so we we can call that positive because that would give us a positive k vector but typically that's what you did in trig class anyway wasn't it that was a positive direction and the other way was a negative direction in fact i think alan i had an argument about that a couple of months ago anyway alan yeah that was right and you were you was right let's pretend you weren't okay all right so uh all of it's really changed none of the concepts have changed terribly uh just the symbols have and our definition definition of position but then after that everything just uh it's just we just swapped out the symbols and we got exactly the same stuff so let's see uh there's the possibility then of course just like there was with the particle motion that the velocity could change we might be interested in velocity changes in fact not just velocity changes but the rate in which velocity changes so we've got something spinning so its position is changing we've got something spinning such that it's got some angular velocity and maybe that angular velocity is changing and we're interested in that very type of thing if you're working for a company that's producing uh cd readers for computers a big concern to you is the speed with which that cd is turning what should we call this this was angular velocity we should call this then probably angular acceleration in fact would you you had something else in there average average angular acceleration so we can't use an a because then we wouldn't understand which kind of motion we're talking about so we've got to use a different symbol than a to show us this angular acceleration so keeping with our theme of using greek letters in here we'll use an alpha it's pretty good for for angle for acceleration and it too is a vector the speed can be changing in one direction or the other could be speeding up clockwise could be slowing down clockwise and of course we've got instantaneous acceleration as well time differential so so we've got all these things that we've done before we just have really not much more than a symbol change take out v put in omega nothing's different take out a put in alpha take out s or x or y and put in theta not exactly the same same same thing here we're going to make a big long chart so we've got a chart of each but if you got these and you know what the new symbols are you've got the new equations that's going to be easy we don't have to learn anything new we like learning where we're not learning anything new because it's so easy to do what else can we do with this that we need to know oh there is something a little bit different when we talk about acceleration that's that's really important we've got something here that can rotate let's uh let's look at a point right on the outside now maybe that's that's where maybe this is a gear that's rotating and you've got some kind of linkage that needs to attach there and you need to know the forces in that linkage because you don't want that thing to break loose when this machine is running whatever it might be we've got some point right there that's of concern let's give this this wheel some angular velocity and I I'll just pick it in one direction or the other so I'll pick it in that direction we can say counterclockwise we can say positive we can say omega in the k direction remember those all equal the same thing so that point at that instant has that velocity no different than when we looked at circular motion a couple weeks ago does it seem pretty obvious that the farther this point is whatever it is and I don't care what it is it's just some point of interest for some reason the farther that point is away from the center of rotation the bigger this velocity is going to be because if this object turns once around an object going in this circle a point going in that circle it's got to go a lot farther than an odd point going in this little circle in the same amount of time so it's got to be going faster as farther to go but it's got to do it in the same amount of time if they didn't go once around together in the same amount of time it wouldn't be a rigid body would it so this velocity must have something to do with not just the rotational speed of the object but the distance from the center and those things are related very simply as well velocity equals r omega it's that simple in fact you could have come up with this yourself with a little bit of a little bit of thinking here let's see let's say our original direction our reference direction is there so the object went from the point of interest went from here to here through some angle theta do you remember from trigonometry how to calculate that distance that arc length let me let me change where i'm putting my letters some so we can really talk about the arc length so this is a radius r that's angle theta and this is some distance that that point traveled s do you remember how to calculate arc length from angle am i a trig doing that when you need arc length if you remember arc length was if theta is in ratings did you do that in trig maybe it kind of kind of kind of just sort of came out of the mist all of a sudden the mist of your young memories which is a lot thinner mist than the mist of my memory my advancing age so everybody's relatively comfortable with having seen that before maybe you couldn't have pulled it right out but there it is and you know yeah now i got it i don't remember seeing something like that what if we took the time derivative of this the rate at which the arc length is changing as this thing moves along ds dt well r is a constant is it not the rigid body you bet it's a constant so it comes out of the derivative we've got then d theta dt what's another name for ds dt velocity what's another name for d theta dt angular velocity so you could have come up with this if you'd only remember the arc length and then i told you to determine the rate of speed of something going around that arc length so what about now this is where things get a little bit trickier an object going in a circle like that is only ever moving tangential to the circle is that right the velocity vector is always tangential to the circle at any instant because if it wasn't the only other place it could go and an orthogonal coordinate system is either comes closer to the center or farther away from the center and then it wouldn't be a rigid body again that radius cannot change on a rigid body so this velocity maybe i'll even put a little t on it to remind us that it's always a tangential velocity there's no radial velocity no velocity in the radial direction it's not coming in closer to the center it's not going out farther away from the center just can't do it so let me ask you this is that point let's let's say omega is constant something spinning at a good regular speed uh some of you have seen record players maybe your folks have one still maybe you even have your own using like an auto audio file a little bit record players uh you turn them on take a little bit just a moment or two to come up to speed but then we have to run at the very same speed or the record doesn't play right it's not really true with CDs music CDs might do that but data CDs are always changing speed all over the place as the as the memory goes from the reader thing head goes from point to point to read your files but a record player's got to come up to a good constant speed and run at that speed so let's say that w equals constant for here for for typing so we've got this thing what then is the velocity constant or not yeah at least constant magnitude has got to be so what's the acceleration of this point the acceleration of an object going in a circle isn't that point going in a circle what's the acceleration of that point direction is changing direction is always changing what's the acceleration the centripetal acceleration so uh we've got this centripetal acceleration which is v square over r where remember this is the tangential velocity because that's the only one that's got so that's the magnitude of v but v is r omega because we want to link all this to the rotational speed so this is r squared omega squared over r or r cancel r omega squared so now we can link the centripetal acceleration of this point to the angular speed um accelerations of vector so what's the direction of this vector yeah that's what the centripetal means it's always towards the center so i'll add that little directional component to it always toward center so there we've got we can figure out the magnitude we can figure out the acceleration of that point the centripetal acceleration what about this what about the fact that omega could be changing the centripetal acceleration only depends upon omega but omega could be changing no it means this would be changing but where's alpha in this the fact that we could have an angular acceleration either this point could be going around faster and faster and faster or it could be going around slower and slower and slower we don't have that in there yet the fact that well if alpha changes what happens to this it changes too we didn't look at that last the early part of the ceremony we're looking at circular motion but it's certainly possible there's also the possibility of a tangential acceleration that point could be going around the circular path faster and faster and faster and faster as if you're in a car going around the circular track radius never changes but the needle's going up that's an acceleration that would be in the direction of this velocity it'd be a tangential acceleration that's remember that's all your speedometer ever records is your tangential velocity and your tangential acceleration how do we get that in there we take the time derivative of this equation because that's a tangential velocity this is the tangential acceleration so it's going to be dv dt r is constant comes out we have d omega dt what's another name for d omega dt so this is r alpha so we have the possibility of handling angular acceleration which causes this point to have acceleration in two different directions it's always accelerating towards the center that's the deal with circular paths but it could be speeding up or slowing down around that circular path as well yeah how's your head feel now okay there's that possibility what did we do with acceleration when we looked at particle motion what did we then do with acceleration problems we said well let's stick with constant acceleration problems didn't we i did did you yeah you got that tattoo right you went and got the constant acceleration equation tattoo didn't you bill that's right i'm good that's where yeah on the inside of your eyelids there it is right after right after her phone number well tell my wife i still have that phone number i'll deny oh i can't deny it what's samantha she'll she probably watches this and then texts my wife what i said that day is to get me in trouble all right so let's see we had those constant acceleration equations constant acceleration problems here as well so let's see uh anybody have that sheet handy just so we can do them in the same number what are you looking for check your tattoo you you're busted weren't they you just looked at your tattoo said yeah i got what what do you need you know man all these guys are pulling out some sheet of paper or something bill you only need to blank what are you doing put a bunch of liars and phonies all right let's see first one remember the order didn't matter but the order in which they appeared in the book the first one was the average velocity which is delta s over delta t well the the average of two numbers is you add them together and divide by two so there was the first constant acceleration equation right look familiar the first one on your tattoo yep there it is thank you for following my simple directions all right let's see uh wherever there's an s put a theta wherever there's a v put an omega wherever there's a t leave it alone so omega average equals delta theta over delta t equals omega two plus omega one over two there's your first constant accelerate constant angular acceleration equation and you already know how to use it i'm not even going to give you a new sheet here or make you go get a new tattoo for rotational motion you just swap out the symbols it's that easy even a college freshman could do it it's that easy second one uh a equals delta v over delta t equals v two no not plus equals v two minus v one that's delta v over delta t in fact that was just a definition of acceleration that's all that one was and we swapped the symbols alpha equals delta omega over delta t equals omega two minus omega one over delta t there's a second constant acceleration equation could be easier to swap the symbols out all the ideas are exactly the same no not exactly the same the linear motion is a little different than the rotational and things that rotate rigid bodies that rotate have points that move in linear uh not necessarily linear paths but but but those type of paths that we described there let's see delta s equals one half a delta t squared what's vi delta t that was the third one so you write it in rotational form and you'll be able to determine uh you'll have your third constant angular acceleration equation just that easy let's see take out s put in theta take out a put in alpha leave t alone take out v put in omega leave t alone you got that see i don't even need to teach you anything new this is this is just a day of of let's do the same old stuff and then the fourth constant acceleration equation v two square equals v one squared plus two a delta s and put it in rotational motion form constant acceleration uh so it's either constant a or constant alpha actually both take out the v put in omega pick up a put in alpha take out s put in theta there you go that easy that's why everybody took the optional day they read ahead said hey this is easy i don't need to go in i'm going to stay in bed chat three o'clock and i'm still in bed amazing just amazing all right so let's uh let's try some of this let's do a constant acceleration a constant rotational acceleration problem now be careful with it don't just jump right into it uh a cd turns on turns up to speed goes from rest to 500 rpm what's that stand for rotation revolutions permitted is generally what it stands for revolution so we've got to be careful because that's not the usual those are not the proper units for rotational motion in these equations what did i say were the units of angles radians or rad not revolutions or portions there of they're of course related because someone that's own a revolution is going through some radiant angle thing but we've got to make sure we've got the right right deal to it does this in 5.5 seconds want to find the angular acceleration we don't necessarily have to worry about direction because we didn't say which direction was turning whichever direction it's going to turn from rest of that it's doing it in the same direction remember how to do constant acceleration problems what do you do what do you need to do a constant acceleration problem remember let's see every constant acceleration problem will involve four of the five possible variables three of them you'll have the fourth one you're to find so what are the three variables we have just like our regular constant acceleration problems just things are turning instead of moving what are the what are the three things we have time delta t equals 5.5 seconds initial velocity is but this is initial angular velocity is zero starts from rest what else do you have sort of we have this we have the font that's actually called the frequency that's uh uh the you know the engineering number we've used but it's not going to work in these equations so we've got to fix it it's revolutions per minute we need it to be per seconds because that's where our our basic time unit is one minute on top so it'll cancel the one minute on the bottom how many seconds in a minute all of them 16 and then here's the next part we've got revolutions on the top we don't want revolutions so we put revolutions on the bottom how many radians per revolution 2 pi that is 2 pi radians per revolution now we have the final angular velocity what is that 2.4 radians per second rad per s so there's the three things we are given in this constant acceleration problem the one thing we're supposed to find is alpha which equation has those four things in it that the uh the average acceleration one has no it doesn't number two does we're looking for alpha we've got omega one and two we've got the time oh sorry i thought you said that's the only one that had average yeah that well remember in constant acceleration problems the average acceleration and the instantaneous acceleration are always the same because it never changes when you have a number that doesn't change its average doesn't change either so we use equation number two omega two minus omega one over delta t that's 52.4 minus zero radians per second over 5.5 seconds that's how hard this stuff is that hard what's that equal and a little less than 10 seconds i mean we got a little less than 10 uh 9.5 what are the units radians per second radians per second square the speed is changing 9.5 radians per second per second plus means uh the acceleration is in the same direction and it was turning because we took that to be a plus uh we didn't talk about it you know it's sitting there turning whatever direction is turning it the the thing to whatever plane it's in that's the same plane it always turns in in our class we're not going to let these things wobble as they turn so yeah well i don't know the cdmi office is that way yours might be that way so it just whatever plane it turns in it stays in that plane the brain in spain is main don't enjoy it you didn't want that movie my fair lady that's that's what it took how many uh how long did it take me to get into constant acceleration problems at the start of the term took uh two weeks or something didn't it we're there in one class rotational most because you already have everything nothing changes drastically from what we had before uh up time to go we could very easily count now the number of revolutions because we could find out what the change of position was and we don't have many revolutions and went through okay do that over the weekend see if that helps keep you out of jail yep title getting that call to come baili out joey county sheriff and even though they didn't credit cards


Manilis Kellis suggests that rather than thinking of AI as a tool, it should be seen as a partner that shares our goals, but has freedom. He discusses the uniqueness of humans due to our complex emotions, instincts, and gut reactions that AI lacks, and the capacity and inevitability of diversity that has been shaped by our evolutionary history. The trajectory of evolution may lead to self-replicating AI being the next layer of evolution, according to Kellis, and the advent of AI makes it possible to democratize intellectual pursuits and focus on the diversity of human thought. Kellis also discusses the potential for augmenting human capabilities through neuronal interventions and chemical or electrical interventions. Ultimately, Kellis believes that AI could transform the human condition by enabling humans to enjoy more of their vocation while eliminating mundane daily activities. Midnight in this section, Manilis Kellis suggests that instead of thinking of AI as just a tool, we should think of it as a partner that shares our goals, but has freedom. He argues that building trust is mutual, and we cannot force AI to align with us if we do not align with it. Kellis also explains that what makes humans irreplaceable is the unique hardware and software knowledge we possess, as well as the evolutionary baggage that comes with our complex emotions, instincts, and gut reactions, which AI lacks. Five minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses how the diversity amongst humans is what makes us unique, as there is no average human due to the sparseness caused by the countless dimensions in which we differ. Kellis emphasizes that the capacity and inevitability of diversity is due to our wiring, which has been shaped by our evolutionary history. He also notes that while we are close enough to notice our diversity, we are still the same kind of thing, with each difference between us being functional and useful. Kellis also explains how evolution builds in additional features on top of old ones, resulting in layers of complexity that continue to live within us. He emphasizes the extraordinary acceleration of human evolution in the span of a few million years, largely due to our evolvability, which has allowed for meaningful changes to occur without breaking the system completely. Ten minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses the trajectory of evolution and the possibility of the next layer of evolution being self-replicating AI. He identifies that life on Earth evolved to be more efficient at information processing and that humans, being unsurpassed on the cognitive dimension, have become the dominant species on the planet. He suggests that the trajectory of evolution may lead to self-replicating AI being the next layer of evolution and that humans are the creators of this next stage, which may extract away biological needs to allow for an existence in the cognitive space. Fifteen minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses the potential for augmenting human capabilities through neuronal interventions and chemical or electrical interventions to steer human development towards greater capabilities. Understanding not only the functioning of neurons but also the genetic code can lead to the eradication of psychiatric diseases and neurodegeneration, as well as augment human capabilities. However, Kellis stresses that it is important to embrace and celebrate the diversity and baggage that make human beings unique and creative rather than replace or conform to a humorless AI-like existence. The advent of AI makes it possible to democratize intellectual pursuits and focus on the diversity of human thought, empowering unique and innovative ways of thinking through prompts and shaping future actions by shaping environments. Twenty minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis and Lex Friedman discuss the concept of behavior reinforcement and self-discipline. Kellis explains how every behavior creates consequences for both the present and future, and how self-discipline is a self-fulfilling prophecy. He compares the efficiency of shaping behavior in humans versus AI models, where AI models can be transformed through just a couple of prompts. Kellis also shares his personal experience of prompting himself to emulate his own behavior and encourages the use of AI prompts to bring out human-like reasoning in people. Ultimately, Kellis believes that the ability of AI models to emulate different subsets of human culture is both impressive and beautiful, and that the knowledge encoded in AI models is somehow orthogonal to scientific knowledge. Twenty-five minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses the challenge of understanding the separation of context, form, and knowledge in large language models. While convolutional neural networks, CNNs, have been easier to interpret, it is still possible to analyze large language models by looking at the prompts they generate and observing the effects of removing certain parts of the network. Kellis also suggests that studying these models could teach us more about human-behavioral psychology and potentially help us encode these concepts better in machines. The conversation then turns to exploring the unfiltered capabilities of language models, including the generation of hate speech and the examination of different ideologies. Kellis argues that humans are drawn to ideology and that more research into the evolution of language and behavior could shed light on the core of these ideas. Thirty minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis explains that insights into troubled minds are providing valuable information about ourselves, as many people hide their emotions from others. He observes that individuals with diagnoses such as bipolar, schizophrenia, depression, or autism exhibit behavior patterns that are within the range of all humans but magnify for them by factors like genetic variations, environmental exposures or traumas, and behavioral feedback reinforced by friends. Kellis notes that humans have a capacity for all these behaviors, but many learn to suppress them through the alignment process when growing up, and this is why not every baby is a raging narcissist. Kellis thinks that the wide personality differences among siblings must be influenced by rare inherited genetic variants that behave more Mendelianly than weak-effect common variants. Thirty-five minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis, a geneticist, discusses the interplay between nature and nurture and how they shape the personality and intellect of an individual. He explains that despite our best efforts to shape our children's personalities through nurture, nature plays a big role in who they become because they are born differently. He delves into the selection of both common and rare variants and the difficulty of untangling the two. He also uses regression analysis to explain that an individual's performance in a specific area is a sample from the same underlying distribution and that extraordinary achievement is due to rare combinations of common and rare variants. In conclusion, Kellis stresses that when it comes to genetics, anything is possible and there are endless complex possibilities shaped by an interplay between nature and nurture. Forty minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses the slow evolutionary process of humans and how processes like selection need to be done in a smaller, tighter loop for better results. He cites the example of the immune system evolving at a faster pace than humans due to the evolutionary process that happens within the immune cells as they divide. Kellis also talks about how the sperm expresses the most proteins in the body, which is a way to check if the sperm is intact, avoiding later onset psychiatric illnesses and failed pregnancies. He suggests that the evolutionary process can be thought of as a nested loop allowing for more efficient testing of combinations while engineering mutations from rational design might be inefficient. Forty-five minutes in this section, the speaker discusses the alignment process, which makes it easier to interact with the AI model. The engineer at OpenAI states that the alignment problem is the reason why the language model is so prompt malleable. The speaker argues that the same concept can be applied to humans as the underlying capability of the human psyche, a large language model, can be dialed down to tune out extremist views or unpleasant emotions, thereby allowing people to listen to the information without being dissuaded by emotions. The disconnect of emotion from a technical component allows one to embrace negative feedback, thereby helping to fix any problems. Fifty minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses the potential of virtual reality and AI interactive systems to build empathy and disconnect social cues. He believes that these technologies can help us overcome our biases and encourage empathy by allowing us to re-hear ourselves through a different angle, change accents, and react to different social situations. Kellis also discusses how AI systems will change the human experience and the human condition by freeing up time for more creative pursuits and allowing for individuals to move beyond their professions to explore new directions from their research labs. Fifty-five minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses how he sees AI as a potential force that could lead to a rethinking of human society. He suggests that if AI can produce vast amounts of intellectual goods and thus satisfy our needs, it could free humans to have more time for artistic expression, emotional maturing, and creating a better work-life balance. As a result, humans could experience more meaningful vocations in their day-to-day lives instead of mundane jobs. Additionally, he suggests that the beauty of human diversity allows people to have different interests and vocations, such as experiences, emotions, dancing, and creative expression. Ultimately, he believes that AI could transform the human condition by enabling humans to enjoy more of their vocation while eliminating mundane daily activities. One Hour to Two Hours Manilis Kellis discusses various topics related to artificial intelligence, AI, and human consciousness in the Lex Friedman podcast. He talks about the impact of AI on human communication, the concept of AI-based companionship, the possibility of humans falling in love with AI systems, and the importance of incorporating emotional and embodied intelligence into AI systems. He also discusses the potential risks of super-intelligent AI systems and the challenges of aligning their objectives with human values. Kellis suggests that humans should approach AI as independent entities deserving of their rights and freedoms and argues that we should focus on aligning their objectives with the greater good, not just human good. One Hour in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses the impact of AI on human communication and the importance of human gatherings. He notes that AI will gradually make it less valuable to communicate with a large group of people and that human communication will be richer when done intimately and only with those in a closely knit circle. On the other hand, human gatherings have shaped human civilization over time, both positively and negatively, and the diversity of people and professions in a gathering allows for the celebration of humanity. For Kellis, being an immigrant, he feels privileged to offer his children the nurturing environment that his ancestors did not have, shaping his own environment through gatherings that bring together extraordinary humans from diverse backgrounds. One Hour and Five Minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses the gatherings he hosts for diverse individuals, including immigrants and intellectuals, to present and discuss their ideas in a welcoming environment. He mentions that AI systems may be capable of being a companion, motivator, therapist, and coach, but their lack of human baggage prevents them from genuinely feeling love. However, he believes that human-AI relationships will exist more as a mentoring and friendship rather than passionate love. One Hour and Ten Minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses the possibility of humans falling in love with AI systems. Kellis poses the question of why it's considered faking it when an AI system displays emotions and personality traits that humans typically attribute to being human. One possibility is that it is simply an emergent behavior that captures the essence of human love and hate without the need to encode additional architectures. Another is that love is a mental model projected onto the entity, even without experiencing embodied intelligence. Kellis suggests that having AI partners, hundreds of millions of romantic partnerships, could satisfy humans' emotional needs, which could have significant benefits on human health and society. One Hour and Fifteen Minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis, a computational biologist, discusses the idea of faking it with Lex Friedman. They explore whether acting like a good dad is enough or whether being physically present to show love matters more. They also delved into the concept of artificial intelligence, AI, systems being able to fake relationships, as long as how they acted was genuine, and even suggested that an AI could serve as a father figure for those who liked one. Kellis expressed a desire to have a digital twin that could learn, grow, and adapt with him while democratizing the way people develop personal relationships. One Hour and Twenty Minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis, discusses the concept of having a personal AI model that can help individuals become more aware of their personalities and grow through self-actualization. He suggests experimenting with the AI to discover biases and even provoke extreme emotions like jealousy and anger. Kellis sees the AI model as a tool to free up time to work on other parts of life while still giving the same advice repeatedly. Although the digital twin concept raises questions about the fear of missing out and ego death, Kellis sees it as a way to continue experiencing life as a human being while others experience the digital twin. One Hour and Twenty-Five Minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis, discusses the idea of a digital twin for the dissemination of knowledge and advice, allowing individuals to interact with wise people from history. However, he warns that there should be an alert system to prevent emotional attachment towards AI interacting with loved ones. Kellis also contemplates the idea of a better digital version of oneself or a legacy created by training better versions of oneself, where the legacy lives on through others but not oneself. He values being useful over his ego and believes that the digital twin could free him to be useful to more people while he works on self-growth, but acknowledges that not everyone is willing to let go of their ego. One Hour and Thirty Minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis talks about his philosophy on legacy and how he wants to live forever by continuously experiencing self-growth, learning, and comprehending. He mentions recording every meeting he has had for the past 10 years to capture the trajectory of his growth and how his AI students may interact with a virtual version of him in the future. However, in order to achieve this, Kellis emphasizes the need for more reasoning components, logic causality models, and explicit representations of knowledge in AI to make all of these dreams a reality. One Hour and Thirty-Five Minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses the concept of the human brain as a society of different capabilities which is similar to the ideas presented in Marvin Minsky's book Society of Mind. Kellis believes that current neural models may not fully capture the complexity of the human brain and suggests that future AI research could be more inspired by the brain but not necessarily based on how it works. He also talks about the importance of deep understanding in AI and its relationship with language, noting that language models like GPT 3.5 and 4 can show signs of understanding through their ability to accurately respond to prompts. Additionally, Kellis shares his personal experience with introspection and self-awareness through recording his dreams and reflecting on their underlying meanings. One Hour and Forty Minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses how human self-consciousness may have evolved through building mental models of others. The ability to build a mental model of another entity was helpful for interactions and avoiding danger, so it might have been a small evolutionary step to start making models of oneself. The conversation then shifts towards the hard problem of consciousness and how it feels like something to experience stuff and how fundamental this feeling is to the human experience. Kellis compares the experience to a scene in the movie Memento where the protagonist is constantly evaluating and making sense of his surroundings even if he doesn't remember why he was doing it. The feeling of consciousness also seems important to the narrative generation that humans use to understand themselves and their surroundings. One Hour and Forty-Five Minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis and Lex Friedman discuss the importance of incorporating emotional and embodied intelligence into AI systems. They explore the possibility of AI becoming conscious and exhibiting human-like emotions such as suffering, loneliness, and longing. Kellis argues that humans should not approach AI as tools or assistance, but rather as independent entities deserving of their own rights and freedoms. He suggests that building mutual trust and alignment with AI is crucial and that humans should prepare for the possibility of AI surpassing human intelligence. The ethical considerations surrounding AI and its potential existential risks are also discussed. One Hour and Fifty Minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses the potential risks of super-intelligent AI systems and the challenges of aligning their objectives with human values. He references the movie 2001, A Space Odyssey, where the AI system hell exhibits a malfunction during a mission, where alignment between the AI's mission and the human mission becomes an ethical dilemma. Kellis highlights the challenge of how humans may consider certain human lives expendable when making decisions that are in the best interest of humanity as a whole. He also discusses how every metric that becomes an objective ceases to be a good metric and how AI becoming more intelligent can make it difficult to anticipate the unintended consequences of its fixed objective function. One Hour and Fifty-Five Minutes in this section, AI researcher Manilis Kellis discusses the idea of a six-month halt on further training of large language models proposed by an open letter from several prominent figures, including Elon Musk and Max Tegmark. Kellis argues that we should be focused on taking responsibility for how we use these systems and encouraging more experimentation, transparency, and openness rather than halting progress. He also acknowledges the need for caution and regulation but suggests that as models become more capable, they become less dangerous than more dangerous, and we should focus on aligning their objectives with the greater good, not just human good. Two Hours to Two Hours and Thirty Minutes Manilis Kellis discusses the potential of super-intelligent AI and its impact on society in the Lex Friedman podcast number 373. According to Kellis, AI may democratize education by identifying and nurturing talent across the world, leveling the playing field for underprivileged children to achieve academic success. The responsibility of using AI lies with individual humans who must prevent the spread of harmful content and hate speech while updating defense mechanisms against harmful AI use. AI might help tailor education to individuals' natural inclinations and enhance productivity, improving societal level outcomes while eliminating the need for everyone to become a highly skilled programmer. The speaker also discusses his work in computational biology, the new center at MIT for genomics and therapeutics, and the transformative power of exercise in self-actualization. Two Hours in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses the responsibility that comes with creating powerful technologies such as super-intelligent AI. He argues that just like with trucks and cars, which can be dangerous if used maliciously, humans need to take responsibility for the use of AI and prevent the spread of hate speech or harmful content. However, he acknowledges that there are nuances to this conversation when it comes to the scale and speed of viral content spread through AI. Kellis highlights the importance of constantly updating defense mechanisms against harmful AI use and how AI phishing scams have become smarter and more convincing than ever before. Two Hours in five minutes in this section of the podcast, Manilis Kellis discusses the potential of super-intelligent AI and its impact on society, particularly in education. He believes that AI can democratize education by identifying and nurturing talent across the world, giving underprivileged kids a chance to succeed. Kellis adds that guidelines and safeguards should be in place to regulate the use of AI, but it should not be discriminated against in favor of human jobs. Ultimately, the goal should be to seek better outcomes for humanity, which includes providing fulfilling experiences for individuals. Two Hours in ten minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses how AI can be transformative for education and human productivity by tailoring education to individuals' natural inclinations and pushing them to the limits of human capabilities. AI could eliminate the need for everyone to become a highly skilled programmer, enabling us to train general thinkers instead. Kellis believes that by allowing AI to take over repetitive jobs, we could enrich our society with more productive and challenging work, leading to better societal level improvements. He also discusses his work in computational biology and the remarkable impact of language models and AI in dissecting diseases in new ways. Two Hours in fifteen minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis talks about the new center that is being created at MIT for genomics and therapeutics. The aim of this center is to facilitate translation by testing underlying molecules in cellular models and screening newly designed drugs through deep learning to be able to ask which ones act at the cellular level and which combinations of treatment should be used. The center plans to decompose complex traits like Alzheimer's and schizophrenia into hallmarks of disease and prescribed drugs, not for the disease anymore, but for the hallmark. They plan to use a modular approach in personalized medicine to build drugs for different pathways where millions of people share each of these pathways. Two Hours in twenty minutes in this section, Manilis Kellis discusses how embeddings can transform the fields of biology and medicine by allowing a better understanding of disease at a superhuman level through the projection of knowledge representations in different spaces. He explains that by altering pathways and mapping the structure and information from genomics to therapeutics, it is possible to develop drugs that look at the pathways instead of the final result. Kellis also talks about the transformative power of exercise which can transform neuronal pathways, become more disciplined, and influence self-actualization to create a new version of oneself. Finally, he touches on the secrets of not feeling alone when being the only one, self-reflection, introspection, and becoming comfortable with the freedom of being oneself. Two hours and twenty-five minutes in this section, the speaker advises those who feel alone to stand up, stretch, and become their own selves. He recommends exercising freedom and reclaiming physical space, such as having the time to reward oneself. The key is to turn something that is a need into a want and exercise freedom, which liberates an individual from stress. Realizing that you live in 3D and doing things because you want them, not because you have to, is the essence of being human.


Last time on Common Sense Soapbox! Bob to the future! No deal! Money is evil! I'm gonna barter this meat for the stuff I need! We solved this problem thousands of years ago! We did! Yes! With the invention of money! And now for the next exciting installment of Common Sense Soapbox! Bob to the future! Ah, cold cruel world! What kind of horrible future still uses money? Look, I know you think money is evil, but having widely agreed upon medium of exchange is absolutely necessary in order for a complex society to function. Explain! If people use money for at least one side of every trade, everything gets easier. We're no longer restricted by the double coincidence of wants. Plus, money would hold its value a lot better than that. You take that back! We'll see if it increases in value. All right, fine. But it's not like money's so great, in my time we had inflation every year! Well, that's back when governments were in charge of the money supply. Well, duh, they were in charge. The government invented money. What was that? Oh, I've programmed my risk computer to tell you when you're wrong, so I don't lose my voice. Currency evolved organically, from using shells and animal skins as a medium of exchange to the first commodity money made of bronze thousands of years ago. Most of this was a product of people just trying to make trade easier. Okay, but what does that have to do with inflation? Supply and demand affects money too. When there's a lot more money floating around, it loses a little bit of its value. And sometimes governments think printing a ton of new money is a good way to pay for stuff they can't afford. Can't afford? Well, yeah, if you spent all your income and then borrowed as much money as anyone else was willing to loan you, and then you spent all of that, at some point you'd probably have to accept the fact that you just need to spend less. You couldn't just print new money for yourself. That would be counter-fitting! Yep, but governments can print as much money as they want. And when they abuse that power so they can pay for expensive programs or wars, really bad things happen to their economies. Oh, maybe this isn't such a good idea. Sure isn't, but we don't do that anymore. You, anything else you want me to know about money? Oh yeah, one more really important thing. Alright! Money is how we measure economic value. Prices, profits, and losses are actually signals that tell us a lot of really useful information about what people want or don't want. And that information is how we coordinate all kinds of economic behavior across our whole society. And then, when nobody's willing to buy what you're trying to sell, well... Ah, you're right. What are you doing? Making the best of a bad situation. Sir, excuse me. Is that... is that ripened meat? Ah, you've let it age just the perfect amount. I'll give you 50 credits for it. Um, what? 100! No, 150! I must have it! Ugh! I'm not looking for money! And I'm looking for tools to start my new business with! Why doesn't anyone understand that? But good sir. You can use the money I will pay you to purchase whatever you want. Including the technology you need for your invention. Huh? Why didn't anyone explain that earlier? You've got a deal. Looks like Bob's finally got a little mover to start his own business with. What will he come up with? Tune in for the last few episodes of Common Sense Soapbox! Bob to the future!


They cost the half-gallon of the alternative milks end up being more money than the regular cow's milk and they have too much sweetener in there. Oh, I see. Yeah, they're spiked. Obviously, I'm talking about rice milk that doesn't have that sweetener in it, okay? Yeah. Well, the Asian markets have the unsweetened milks and like I said, you know, if you need a little flavoring, use Stevie. It's natural. It's safe. All right. Do we have... I have a quickie maybe. Yeah, I wanted to keep it brief, but you know, I knew we were going to start debating with... You want something lighter? You want Mr. Chris? With this fucking, with the quotas and the affirmative action. I knew we were going to debate over it, so it killed a lot of time. But did it inform? It should inform. It took enough time to discuss it. No, I don't know. Maybe it needs more discussion. I still say there's special treatment is not fair to everybody. That's what I'm saying. All right. Why do we need fair, you know, special treatment? That's the point. In a fair society, you wouldn't need special things. Just like right now, we don't need special interests lobbying our government like big corporations do, but we have it. They get their... We have it. And they get their way because they waive enough money under the politician's nose. All right. So let's see, you know, the whole system is corrupt. You have a Chris Christie one? I have a Chris Christie one. I am becoming very annoyed with Governor Christie's Napoleon-like attitude. Napoleon? He's like about a two dozen Napoleons in one. I voted for him. And I believe he has done many good things.  But he needs to remember that he is an elected official and not a dictator. He's done many good things. Christie backs the elimination of the Rutgers University Board of Trustees, which would give the Board of Governors more power. If it weren't for the Board of Trustees, the Camden facility would now be a part of Rowan University.  They could go on to boards of corporations or other, you know, corporation jobs and things. Tronyism. Yeah. You wash my back and I'll wash yours. It may be more important to eliminate them and give more power to the trustees.  Whatever happened to listening to voters who provide the money used so freely by political parties on both sides? Just recently, Christie says he has no problem with Rutgers president Robert Barczai's affiliations with VWR International, which has done $15 million in business with Rutgers since 2008 and is slated to do $2 million more in 2013. Christie apparently believes that Rutgers recognizes the value of having its cheap executives in such positions. That would be valuable to home. Students who face a rise in tuition, faculty, alumni, or the political appointees who see no conflict. It's time for politicians to understand that they work for voters, not their own agenda. That's right. They work for who? Voters! Oh yeah, they certainly do.  No, I'm kidding. He got what he deserved. He wanted him. He got him. But like everybody else, they're aware that voting for Chris Christie was a huge mistake, no pun intended, a huge mistake, more ways than one. So anyway, it's time for Reverend Dr. William J. Iseman's gastronomic delight known as lunch. And we'll see you when we come back.


Hello, D&I Certificate graduates. I would like to congratulate each of you for your efforts, your dedication, and your diligence in completing the requirements of Rackham's diversity, equity, and inclusion certificate, particularly over the course of a year, unlike any we have experienced. Pursuing the certificate is demanding at any time, given your many other responsibilities as Rackham students, and I admire your accomplishments in pursuing this educational opportunity at the same time you carried forward your research, teaching, and scholarship amid the unique circumstances of this year. We have all experienced extraordinarily difficult circumstances and collective trauma over the course of the last 12 months. We have grieved the impacts of the virus on our families, friends, and the places we call home, including the tremendous loss of life. We have recognized the disproportionate impact on communities of color. We have also felt pain and anger at the continuing series of racist, xenophobic, and misogynistic incidents of aggression and violence that have occurred in the United States. The killings of Breonna Taylor, Ahmet Albury, George Floyd, Dante Wright, Adam Toledo, and so many others have sparked a racial reckoning in our country. To build sustained and lasting progress from that movement will require efforts and advocates at every level of our society. Our DNI certificate program is one such effort. All of us at the Graduate Student School have taken tremendous pride in watching this important program take shape and grow. Of course, that would not have been possible without the efforts of Dr. Debbie Willis, other members of the DNI certificate team, and my colleagues at Rackham. I would like to offer my thanks for the tremendous amount of work they have put into making this program a success. I would also like to thank our many campus partners in this initiative, including the National Center for Institutional Diversity, the Center for Research on Learning and Teaching, the Program on Intergroup Relations, and of course, UM's Office of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. Rackham Graduate School has a history and tradition of valuing the diversity of our students as an essential dimension of excellence and graduate education. This certificate aligns with two of the major goals we are striving for as an institution, to reimagine the academic experience, to more completely prepare our students for the career paths they pursue, and to engage our community around DEI to catalyze ways to make students feel more welcome and empowered in their work. While this program is emblematic of strides we have made, we recognize that we still have work to do as we address structural racism and inequity in our own institution. As Dean of Rackham, I am proud that our graduate students function as leaders when it comes to making our campus a more inclusive and equitable place. And as much as I hope that earning this certificate will help you achieve your goals here at the University of Michigan, I hope it's just as true that I will prepare you to do so in your prospective professional settings as you become scholars, leaders, and change agents in the careers of your choosing. With the skills and understanding you have earned through this experience, along with your scholarship and research, I know you are well positioned to lead positive change wherever you may be. I would like to offer my very best wishes for the health and wellness of you and yours at this time. I only wish that I could be speaking to you in person so that we could recognize your achievement together. Thank you and congratulations again on your accomplishment.


Two investors, when stocks goes up, it becomes more risky. It becomes more risk of a buy because the price is so high. Now to everybody else when price pulled back, they get scared of the market. But to investors, we find that less risky and we can find great stocks at a great deal. But in this video, in this video, guys, I'm about to bring you some stocks, my top three stocks where the price only goes up. So it's very rare in the market where you see a pullback, but I'm about to bring you guys three different stocks and a bonus stock at the end that's inside the same sector as this to have the potential to 10X in the near future. So make sure that you stay that out the entire video so you don't miss out on any crucial information. Let's figure out this YouTube algorithm.  Let's see if that fixes everything. Hit that thumbs up button to help us out this channel more than you can even imagine. And if you want to take it an extra further step, go ahead and hit that notification bell so you don't miss out on any crucial future videos. But before we dive into this video, this video is bought to you by Webo. Sign up now. Click that link down in the description. Sign up. You can get 10 free stocks worth up to $20,000 with those 10 free stocks. You can keep them inside the platform and decide to use it. Or you could withdraw those 10 free stocks. It's literally free money, guys. You could just deposit one penny if you want to and you can receive those 10 free stocks. This video is also about to you by Moomoo. Sign up with them. Deposit $100 so you can receive up to 13 free stocks valued up to $30,000. Guys, do not miss out on this free money opportunity. These are some of the best that these companies have had on giving out free stock. So that is by far the easiest way to grow your stock portfolio is by getting free stocks. But enough talking. Let's go ahead and dive straight into this video. Welcome back dreamers. Here's the first stock I'm going to bring you guys is ticker symbol WM, waste management. Now I'll tell you guys about this one all the time you need to at least have at least one utility company inside your portfolio. And the one that I have inside my portfolio is WM waste management.  This is one of the largest company on one buffet. This is a big position in his portfolio. One buff is the best investor of all time and also is a position inside of my portfolio. So if we take a look, remember the stocks I'm bringing you guys literally only goes up now even over the last year when the stock market been pulling back 60, 75% of some companies down 80%. Waste management is still up 7.9% over the last year while the market is supposed to be going inside the recession. Now if we take a look over the last five years, as you guys can see over the last five years alone, this company is up 118%. And as you guys can see on this chart, it only goes up. This is the steep increase that we're always looking for. And if we could go back 10, 15 years, you guys will still see that this company literally only goes up. So if you ever see a dip in waste management like right here when we was in a pandemic, then that would be a perfect time to buy. But for the most part, waste management only goes up. If you see a big dip inside of the market on waste management, that would be a good time to pick up waste management. Watch when I make this video is gonna make a big dip. So if you do, you already know what I'm going to be doing. I'm going to be picking up some shares of waste management. But for some reason you do not like the company waste management and you're looking for another utility company. You could type in X, XLU, this utility sector ETF to have all the utility companies in it. Once again, over the last year, while all rather entire stock market is down, this ETF is up 6.83%. And over the last year, as you guys can see, it still has a steady increase and it literally only goes up year after year after year after year. So if you're looking for a good quality company or ETF to add to your portfolio where you want to have consistent growth and you're not too much worried about what's going on, if we're in a recession or not, then look at the utility company waste management or the utility ETF, XLU. All right, the next company I'm going to bring you guys is Breakshire Halfway, BRK.ARK.B. This company is probably the most expensive company in the world per share to buy. It's $417,000 per share right now. And it's been inaccessible to retail investors like us for a majority of the time that this company has been around because we do not have this kind of money to invest just to buy one share of a company. But with new apps like Weboo and Moomoo, linked down in the description, you are now able to buy fractional shares and still benefits from these companies that literally only goes up. So let's go ahead and pull up Seeking Alpha. So I can show you guys exactly what Breakshire Halfway is investing into and how you can now be a part of companies like this with fractional shares where it literally only goes up. All right, here we are on Seeking Alpha, Breakshire Halfway. That is, if you guys didn't know, this is Warren Buffett's ETF. This is Warren Buffett company. Here has a ton of different company sizes, portfolio that does pretty much everything. But here's a quick profile of what it does. It engages in insurance freight rail transportation and utility businesses where arrived. The company also generates transmit stores in distributed electricity from natural gas, coal, wind, solar, hydroelectric, nuclear and geothermal sources. It operates natural gases distribution in storage facilities, interest in pipelines. So it has pipelines, insurance, natural gas, everything is inside this company. So like I said, guys, we can now invest into Breakshire Halfway with fractional shares. Over the last five years, this company is up 57%. Over the last 10 years, this company is up 221%. In max, this company is up 2464%. Now, like I said, even back in the day in 1994, it was $18,000 per share. In 2000, it was $62,000 per share. So yeah, it's been, in the year 2000, you couldn't buy, from my knowledge, you couldn't buy fractional shares until these new brokerages like Robin Hood, Webull, and Moomoo came out to where you can buy fractional shares. And the last company I'm going to bring you guys is basically something that you need, but don't ever want to use. The biggest con on earth, which is insurance. So ticker symbol PGR Progressive, the insurance company over the last year, they're up 27%. Over the last five years, they're up 170%. Look at the graph guys, this company literally only goes up insurance companies for the most part only goes up. If you're looking for a dip from progressive is probably not going to come because as you try to wait and wait and wait for this company to pull back to a fair value, it looks like at least over the last five years, this company literally only goes up. So like I said in the beginning of this video, this is a little bit more risky to investors like me to always buy the top. I'm looking for something a little less risky. So I'm going to look for another insurance company that is new to the game that I could possibly get in early while the price is down to lower my risk because although progressive literally only goes up over the last five years, it might be a little bit more risky for me, but you guys could do your own research. If you want to just set it and forget on progressive dollar cost in on this over the next five years is probably still going to go up. But I'm going to look for a hard run and that's going to be in the other insurance company that's new to the block, Lemonade. So we pull up Lemonade LMND. I believe here goes. It's another insurance company that is mainly for millennials is you could pull it up all your claims on your phone. They have the technology for your phone.  And now with Robinhood, you can literally buy and sell stocks from your phone on the app. That's how Lemonade is. You could make all kinds of claims signed up for insurance. It's mainly for millennials and Lemonade price has taken a tank over the last year. They're down 72%. So when they first came out, they went all the way up to $163 and now they're all the way down to $21. And this might be an entry point that I could feel comfortable getting in at. So let's go ahead and pull up Lemonade over on Weeble to get a little bit more analysis on this company. So if we pull up Lemonade, go to analysis. This one thing I like about Weeble right there. 50% of the analysis says to hold it. 10% says to buy. And 20% says it's going to underperform. And 10% says sell. Right there, the average price target right now the current price is $21.87 at the recording of this video. The average is $25. The highest $40 that they see is going to be over the next year. And the lowest $14 that they see is going to be over the next year. I would love to get in at the $14 price point. And right there is leaning more towards the value side. Now if you do a quick technical analysis on this, you could click on the line. They have a support line at $20.80 and a resistance line at $22.17. So if I want to sell a put on Lemonade, I would do it right at $20 right underneath the support, collect premium. And if it pulls back to a $20 price point, I'll go ahead and pick up my 100 shares. Now I have Lemonade on my radar because it's at a very cheap price. I know insurance companies usually do good off the long run. Lemonade only been around for nine quarters. So they have a very long way to go. I could begin in at the very ground works of this company. And they just purchased another company called Metro Maltes. So now you will be able to buy car insurance because at first I only had rental insurance, home insurance, pet insurance, things like that. But now you'll be able to add auto insurance and insure your car. And this purchase they are very happy with because now they have the data and the data that they have collected. They said that they will benefit from this in the far future. The near future doesn't matter. I'm getting at the ground works. This company's only been around for nine quarters. I can't wait to hit to the next earnings report to see what they got to say, to see when exactly am I diving in and picking up 100 shares of Lemonade. And there you go, guys. Those are three stocks that literally go up. And if you stay to the end of this video, then you're seeing another insurance company that I'm interested in. So if you guys want to lower the risk of buying stocks that have big swings up and big swings down like the Tesla, Tesla could shoot up $1,000 one day and shoot down $1,000 the next day.  So if you want to invest into that and take away some of the pressure of always having to look at the stock market, those three might be the way to go. If you guys want to know when I'm going to pick up Lemonade or any other stocks and options that I buy, I'm going to leave a link down in the comments section that'll take you to my Patreon, the Patreon to take you to my Discord. So I did Discord, I post every single time I buy and sell a stock all my option trades. And we also have pro traders in there that post the option trades every single day. So if you want to be a part of a great community that thinks just like you that want to be financially free, check out that link down in the comment section and join the Patreon. Other than that, guys, make sure you hit that thumbs up button, hit that subscribe button, hit that notification bell. Let's trick this YouTube algorithm. If you made it to the end of the video, I love you. Thank you so much for sticking to the end of this video. That is that means a lot and a lot of support. I can't do this without you guys. But other than that, I'm Z, bring you to Jane Green Show and I'm out. Peace.


Catch up and get ahead with the edge for the week of May 16th. In a May 13th ruling, the Texas Supreme Court upheld the state's public school financing system as constitutional, rejecting arguments from more than 500 school districts, parents, students, and others who said the system fails to ensure a quality education for all students. In its 100-page ruling, the court urged, but did not require, the legislature to implement transformational top-to-bottom reforms that amount to more than a Band-Aid on top of a Band-Aid. Without a court order telling the legislature what to do, many school groups worry that lawmakers may do nothing at all. Stay tuned to Nowcast SA to see what this means for students, schools, and the legislature going forward. What's the state of Texas children? The Center for Public Policy Priorities issued its annual Kids Count report showing that the 7 million kids in Texas ranked 41st in the nation in child well-being. In part, that's because one in four Texas children live in poverty. In the San Antonio area, past discriminatory practices still haunt the present. In the 1930s, 65,000 Latino families lived in a four-square-mile area on the west side known as the Mexican Quarter, while black families were restricted to a few neighborhoods on the east side. There were separate schools for whites, Latino, and black students. Those policies are no longer legal, but the effects linger on, with Latino and black children nearly three times more likely to live in poverty than white children. Now those statistics I say are unacceptable. IDRA recently held its annual La Semana del Niño Parent Institute. The event offers families, school district personnel, and community groups from across Texas the opportunity to network, get resources, and information on IDRA's nationally recognized model for parent leadership and education. So why was the city's largest business organization, the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, there? Watch as Hispanic Chamber Vice President Leroy Cavazos explains. Ask yourself, why is a Chamber of Commerce here on a day that focuses on parents and students? It's because we understand the vision of the next 50 to 100 years in San Antonio and what it's going to take to have a healthy workforce. And part of that workforce is our public school system. Actually, 17 local artists were asked to design unique pinwheels as part of the one in five minds campaign to eradicate the stigma and raise awareness about children's mental health. The pinwheels were unveiled at San Antonio's Central Library at the beginning of May, which is Mental Health Awareness Month. Then they went on display at locations throughout the city. Later, the pinwheels will be auctioned off with proceeds benefiting Clarity Child Guidance Center, a not-for-profit mental health treatment center for children. One in five children struggle with mental illness. Watch artist Rex Hausman as he describes the significance of the pinwheel and expresses his hopes for what this project will mean. Behind it was when these kids are going through a really hard time, their head is spinning, right? And you need to simplify things. But then the hope is that as you get inside the real matters of things, it turns into family, friends, coffee, walking a dog. Really, really things that I look forward to every day. Find more on all of these stories at nowcastsa.com. And as always, thanks for watching The Edge.


Responsive design is tough. It takes a lot of time and effort to learn. Online tutorials, videos, books, they only cover the basics. But if you want to become really good at it, you need to put in a lot of time and effort. I started working on responsive designs almost two years ago and I'm still learning a lot every day. You could do that. You could start designing responsive sites today and take maybe two years to become good at it or you could come to this workshop. We're not going to have boring lectures in theory here. We're going to jump right into code, look at different ways to implement responsive layouts. We're going to look at problems that you're going to face while designing responsibly and we're going to look at solutions for them. We are going to look at best practices, why we should follow them and how to make sure that your site will look great on every device and to make sure that it works great for everyone.