Hi everyone. Thank you for attending today's workshop. My name is Hina and I work within the research data management team at UK Data Archive and my main responsibilities include advising board and reviewing and training related to ethical and legal aspects of data sharing. This session includes of course presentations and you will be getting the slides after the session and just to let you know that I'll be using Mentimeter throughout this session which can be accessed on this link using the code or you can use the QR code as well. I will be giving the code when I ask you to go to Mentimeter. You can also use the Mentimeter on your mobile phones. So in this session I will focus on intellectual property rights, specifically copyright in the context of search and secondary data use. I will begin by explaining briefly what secondary data is and which is then followed by discussing what rights might there be in research and I'll also discuss some issues that are very important in this context such as licensing, establishing right ownership, challenges in sharing social media data and national variation in copyright. I will also discuss some best practice tips to ensure rights compliance when it comes to share your data for future reasons and finally I will point you to the resources that may be useful for you if you are planning to use secondary data and I will answer your questions at the end and if there are any specific project related questions you can always email me. I have added my email address on the last slide. So IP rights are the rights that are granted to creators of works that are the result of human intellectual creativity. Something that is created using your mind for example a story, an invention, an artistic work or a symbol. And types of IP rights include trademarks which is a type of intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign, design or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others and patents is another type of IP rights which is an exclusive right granted for an invention and third type of IP right is registered design which is an IP right that protects only the shape or appearance of a product. It gives its owners the exclusive right to the design of that product and the final type is copyright which is the protection offered for creative works such as books, music and literary works. So this is the more relevant type of copyright in academia. You get some type of protection automatically and others you have to apply for and as you know that we will be focusing on copyright today. So let's begin with what is secondary data. I'm sure you all are familiar but there may be some people who are new to this area. So just as a refresher unlike primary data which is collected by a researcher directly from the original source. Secondary data is an existing data gathered from studies, surveys, experiments that have been run by other people or for other research. For example existing data available at archives or from government organizations, essays, reviews or information available on social media. So just a quick question if you would like to answer this in the chat. Have you used or planned to use secondary data? So all the yeses so far that's great. So someone said no for the first time so hopefully you will find today's session useful if you have a plan to use secondary sources for your research. Well thank you for your responses. Most of the people say yes so that's great. Two most relevant types of rights applicable to the secondary data sources are copyright and database rights. I will be focusing on copyright in today's session because focusing on both is beyond the scope of this workshop but I have added a link at the bottom of the slide for database rights and other rights for you to have a look later on. So copyright is an intellectual property right assigned automatically to the works creator and it prevents unauthorized copying and publishing of an original work. The creator is automatically first copyright owner unless there is a contract that assigns copyright differently or there is a written transfer of copyright signed by the copyright owner and most importantly it can vary nationally but under the UK copyright designs and patent act 1988 copyright applies to all the original literary dramatic musical, artistic work, sound recordings, films, broadcasts, cable programs, typographical arrangement of publications and databases. So in the UK copyright arises automatically as I said earlier once the work is created but to enjoy copyright protection the work must be original that is to say it must be your own work not copied from someone else and there is no copyright in ideas or facts be in the way those ideas are expressed such as diagrams, tables and in a material form. So as researchers when you need to obtain copyright clearance for this you need to bear in mind that you do not need copyright clearance if you incorporate the factual data in your own words in a structure owned by your cell. You may not need to obtain permission if you are making a copy and utilizing that copy for your own research as long as it is not made available to others or citing from the research data however you need copyright clearance if you are going to include the secondary data in a publication or plan to share their data with other people it also applies to incorporating secondary data in your own database that you intend to share with others. So as long as you are using it for your personal use that's fine but when it comes to data sharing then you need to obtain copyright clearance and there may be other arising legal issues as well for example where personal data is concerned not only the permission from the person who has created the work is required but permission from all the people whose personal data is in the work is required and an example for this is the diary data audio recordings of interviews or focus group discussions you need to obtain permission from the people involved in that as well along with the copyright owner and copyright and research data is a complicated topic however I have tried to highlight some important issues when it comes to data sharing researchers need to keep in mind certain issues such as licensing frameworks, right ownership challenges when using social media data and national variation and I'll go through these now so the first one intellectual property rights affect the way both you and others can use your and others research data and these issues should be considered at the outset of any research project so you need to consider copyright when the data is created shared and reused for example when you create a data and plan to make it available for future use then no doubt you are the copyright owner of the data but there is another issue related to this and you need to consider especially when it comes to data sharing how you want your data to be made available and here the role of licensing comes in if you are sharing your primary data then you need to consider about which license to choose on the other hand if you are using secondary data you need to pay attention to the licenses under which that data is available and data collections can be available broadly under two types of licenses open licenses and bespoke licenses as the name implies open license is a standardized way to protect work and it grants people permission to use the data openly for example the most widely used open license framework is the creative common license framework creative common license framework offers different options and three of these have been listed here the first one which is CC by is the most widely used license as you can see that you are allowed to use and share the data you can create some derivation with it adapt it as you require publish your derived data as long as you acknowledge the original data source it also allows the commercial use which is for non-academic purposes and the only condition is that the credit must be given to the creator for example you have downloaded a data set which is available under CC by you are allowed to use it for your own analysis you can create your own data set using few variables from the original data and you are allowed to share your data for future use by giving proper attribution to the original source and you can make your data available under any other license that seems appropriate and the second type is CC by share alike it is exactly similar to CC by apart from one condition that any adaptations must be shared under the same license your data should be made available as CC by share alike and the final is CC by non-commercial which has again the similar conditions except that it cannot be used commercially however most of the data made available through responsible repositories such as UK data service is made available under bespoke licenses that there may be a residual risk of disclosure in data for example data owner might have removed any identifiable information but there may be any information left in the data which if combined with other information may disclose someone's identity so the conditions associated to these bespoke licenses ensures that researchers act responsibly and ethically with the data so UK data service and user license agreement is one of the examples of the bespoke licenses so if you plan to use secondary data always make sure that you are familiar with the terms and conditions under which the data is made available here at UK data service we've saluted three levels of access for data open access safeguarded and controlled open access for data that contain no personal information and they've got it access is for the data that contains no personal information but the data owner consider risk of disclosure resulting from linkage to other data it is available under end user license and users need to register to access this data users also need to agree to certain conditions such as not to disclose any identifying information and the controlled access is for the data that may be disclosive controlled data are only available to users who have been trained and accredited and their data usage has been approved by the relevant data access committee and access to this is to a virtual or physical secure environment so next issue is to consider the right ownership please bear in mind that rules on IP ownership will depend on national law and individual institutional policies and may vary from country to country however as a general group the copyright in a work is initially owned by the works creator but this is not always the case so let's see what is the common perception in academia regarding ownership so for this I have added four questions on the mentimeter for you so if you can go to menti.com and you can use the this code or you can use the urcode to access this so what do you think who owns the right university or employee or the research that has taken place the mixed responses the majority have said university and some have said employee I think it depends if a work is created by an employee in the course of his or her employment the employer owns the copyright it's the university unless otherwise agreed upon differently so it depends many universities or research centers claim ownership of any IP that is generated by academic staff in the course of their employment and also when IP is created using substantial institutional resources so when two or more authors prepare a work with the intent to combine their contribution the authors are considered joint copyright owners so as a general rule it's university but it may vary institution to institution or country to country so what do you think who owns the right university or a student somebody in the chat writes that in terms of the university or employee it is complex and the institution some of the rights owned by the university but they have given back it to the author for some work yeah it always depends so it's better to check with the with your individual institution so majority of the people said that it's students and some says university again it depends but as a general rule most universities recognize as a general principle that students who are not employees of the university own the IP rights in the works they produce purely based on knowledge receive from lectures and teachings however there may be some circumstances where ownership has to be shared or assigned to the university or a third party typically these include sponsored students students working on research these days so publications in collaboration with academics now so what do you think in terms of research funder and researcher yeah it's it's almost equal either research funder or researcher so here again research funder may also wish to exert some claim over rights although in most cases IP rights are attributed to the researcher unless an output becomes commercially viable or agreed otherwise so it depends on individual research funders so who wants the right in a collaborative project any thoughts yeah it depends on the grant all researchers yeah it is definitely a joint copyright ownership yeah that's brilliant so if a university research project has commercial collaborators there may be joint IP rights in the research outputs which are best handled via legal legal contracts or other agreements and everyone is right here that it depends on the grant and agreement it should be a joint copyright holders and it's best that researchers should clarify ownership and rights relating to research data sources for both primary and secondary data being used before embarking upon research and this in turn will help determine how that data can be published and accessed in the future so thank you very much for your responses and yeah that's that's brilliant so the best practice is to find the ownership as soon as possible if you plan to share your research or your second resources and then plan to share your data and it is not that hard to find out who owns the right if you are affiliated to any university or research center there should be a staff in there who deals with the ethical and legal compliance in research like RU's or you can find it looking at the applicable national law and IP policies of the university and the individual contractual agreement among the university's creators sponsors or as a last resort you can always seek legal advice to be confined because failure to do so can cause serious issues for the future uses of your research such as dissemination for any future related research projects or profits associated with it so next issue is to consider the copyright considerations when using social media i'm sure you are already well aware what social media is it is an umbrella term used for internet based or mobile application that the law users to form online social networks and some of the very popular social media platforms include facebook twitter instagram snapchat and linkedin however the most widely used among these in the context of research is twitter the data is usually obtained through the application programming interface which is called apis of the social media platforms apis are provided by social media platforms to enable controlled access to their underlying functions and data and api acts as an interface between the social media platform and the consumer of social media data the twitter streaming api allows researchers and collecting institutions to obtain tweets generated by users in real time thus accessing data through apis provide the most authentic record of social media and social media data available on the platforms includes individual posts or tweets what people share on a day-to-day basis how people comment on posts and tweets shows their opinion behavior likes dislikes visual content such as photos videos and interests and their social interactions networks current trends and so on so these different platforms poses a wide variety of functions and appeal to different audience and they all create a byproduct of valuable data about the users who interact with them so just a couple of questions on Mentimeter again I have added a code here to access it have you ever been involved in a research that involves social media data so majority of you have not maybe you plan to get involved at some point and few of you have been involved so you must be aware what challenges are so the next question is what do you think could be the copyright issues using social media data I'm sure you are aware with the consent issues and data protection so what could be the copyright issues any thoughts on that yeah the tweets are not the original work of the researcher anonymous or not real name contributors so how to acknowledge or seek permission proprietary data lack of suitable accreditation yeah that's that's fine so in terms of accreditation yes identifying where original work came from that's right thank you for your responses let's get back so that's right the the terms and related to the use of the most commonly used social media platforms are similar in terms of how they deal with intellectual property rights content is protected by copyright in the same way as books and journals so whatever you post on these platforms is considered your creation your content so someone knows right that it's not the researcher's content so these platforms clearly states that the users have copyright for their own content you are the copyright holder of your tweets or facebook posts though you are the copyright holders but when you agree to the terms and conditions to create your account on these platforms you sign an agreement that gives the site a license to freely use the work for a variety of purposes including an opportunity for researchers to access the data for academic research so researchers using social media data need to abide by the terms and conditions of the platforms or api developers so the terms and conditions of these social media platforms or api developers play an important role in terms of the future uses of data such as publishing or archiving i will be using twitter as an example as it is the most widely used social media platform across the world and it is relatively easy for researchers to collect data from it so as an open platform the majority of the posts or tweets are available to public view and researchers can collect large numbers of tweets in a very short period of time via the platforms api however though it is a valuable source for researchers researchers but they can face challenges when it comes to publishing social media or archiving it for social media data or archiving it for future use after a researcher or research team has created a data set it is not usually possible for them to deposit their data set with an archive or collecting institution for reuse for example twitter policy restricts from sharing any data they obtain from the api and also from storing data in a cloud the policy does however allow the archiving of tweet IDs so you can store deposit tweet IDs in your data set but not the actual tweets um tweet IDs are the unique number given to an individual tweet or user ID the number assigned to twitter account holders other researchers could use the tweet ID to create a data used in a previous study but only if twitter continues to provide access to historical data so it is not ideal but at least it provides a better solution than sharing no information at all about data sources for published studies and besides this there may be another challenge researchers use different methods to access social media data from apis different tools different platforms different types of APIs different resellers with different services which create very diverse types of data sets and furthermore individual researchers use different methods to clean or organize their data as well as different tools and methods for analyzing their data and in addition to the IDs associated with the data set information about how the road data was collected and how it was cleaned is also important and will be required for recreating a data set or understanding how and why it has been iterated therefore the archiving archiving of data set um identifier is more effective if the processes used to create them are also documented and twitter places particular restrictions on the form in which tweets may be published requiring certain items of data to be retained in the published form so this is a challenge if you use social media data sometimes yeah twitter do not allow content modification so and you cannot anonymize the content if you think that after anonymizing you can share the data here I have added a useful checklist by UCL though it is for the reviewers but can be useful for the researchers who wish to use social media data in this checklist is about copyright so now another important point to keep in mind is the copyright in the international context just a quick question if you would like to write in the chat it's up to entirely up to you just to see how the verses are then attend this in which country you are carrying out your research UK so far all from the UK that's fine thank you so every country has its own copyright laws but over the years there has been extensive global harmonization of copyright laws through treaties and trade agreements and these treaties and agreements establish minimum standards for all participating countries this system leaves room for local variation and one of the most significant international agreement is the burn convention though it was signed originally in 1886 but it has since been revised and amended on several occasions and this treaty lays out several fundamental principles upon which all participating countries have agreed on one of those principles is national treatment which means that all countries must give foreign works the same protection they give to the works created within their voters assuming the other countries is a signatory and besides this the minimum standards also include the type of work protected duration limitation exceptions so just keep in mind that nation national laws are built on the similar basic standards but there may be variation on a country level in terms of type of work duration and exception for example this is an interesting map which gives you an idea of differences in copyright duration around the world we can have a look at the map from a continental perspective and we can clearly see patterns of same duration with small exceptions in Europe all countries with the exception of one adhere to lifetime plus 70 years while in Africa we can observe more variability with Angolia and Libya with only 25 lifetime plus 25 years and Mexico stands out and is actually the only country to adopt lifetime plus 100 years so that's interesting so if you plan to use secondary data always ensure that you consider these questions who the copyright holder of the data set is can you use these data sets and in what ways are you allowed to archive and publish them in a data repository and if not you may need to seek further permission to distribute material you do not own because if you do not have permission you you cannot archive it you and ultimately you may need to remove copyrighted variables or material before publishing or sharing and copyright law does allow certain exceptions for example you're allowed to copy limited extracts of works when the use is not commercial research or private study however in the context of data sharing researchers are not allowed to share the secondary data unless they are allowed to do so so fair dealing exception nothing works when it comes to data sharing the majority of uses of copyright materials continue to require permission from copyright owners so you should be careful when considering whether you can rely on an exception or not and if in doubt you should seek legal advice and finally do remember that the details of the provisions will be subject to national law and while most will be similar details can vary from country to country for example users of copyright works based in the uk are subject to the specific exceptions to copyright outlined in the uk's law copyright laws and since each country will have its own exceptions to copyright which are likely to vary from country to country users in one country will be able to reproduce copyright work under the copyright exception in ways that users in other countries will not so always check your national laws just to give you an example of a secondary data I have added a scenario here imagine a researcher has used secondary data sources for a research project and he then intends to share this data for future reuse he has this is a real example this researcher has deposited his data with us he has used World Bank and Microsoft academics as data sources as he has used these sources so the first thing he needs to do is to check whether he is allowed to share the data he has used from these sources so he needs to check the terms of use these are usually at the very bottom of the web pages but sometimes hidden and need effort to find out I have put the terms of use the here from the World Bank it's a screenshot from their website I let you read it here you can see that it is mentioned that there is no restriction on sharing the data with the third parties so that's all fine all the variables of data he has obtained from the World Bank he can share it so this is the screenshot of the terms and conditions from the Microsoft academics and here you can see that it clearly says that you cannot modify distribute publish this the information you have taken from there you may need to obtain permission so these sources that they do allow if they are under open access they do allow you to use the data or information for your own personal use but if you plan to deposit your data you you do need to check the terms and conditions of use on the sources so here on this slide I have added link links to our web page is on copyright and access levels and I have also added a youthful template called variable information log for data sets being deposited that includes secondary data sources researchers are advised to prepare a variation information log describing these resources so this log not only allows others to understand and use data correctly but also ensures that repositories can check the appropriate terms and conditions applicable to onward sharing this log should include the variable name source how it was collected brief description and any restrictions noted on its further use so these are some of the resources that could be useful I have added on this slide not some I think it's a long list for you to have a look at it later and I have added some case studies on the Mentimeter and would like you to share your thoughts on this I think this would be useful as these are the real research examples that that we have when researchers deposit data data so again a quote for you imagine a research project where a researcher is collecting diaries given this is diaries participants might wish to publish these in future how would you ensure copyright issues any thoughts that's right obtain copyright permission from the creator of diary or use 70 years after their death 70 years lifetime plus 70 years if they are in the UK so you check the country specific laws on the duration of the copyright have a data plan and obtain permission to publish anonymize extracts for that's right need a shared license may be restrict amount use yeah these are the strategies to publish that's right so you can use the information obtained in the discussions for your own research but as you have mentioned when it comes to the data sharing or publishing you need to obtain permission from the participants to share their personal information so you need to obtain consent to share the information and permission to use the data for future research same as with audio recordings interviews and focus groups discussions yeah diary owner provide a limited license to the researcher covering what use could be made of the diary exactly that's that's right so you need a permission so here's another case study for the information available online I let you read that yeah someone in the chat write to the previous one that you can write it into the respondent agreement that's true so in this scenario researchers studies how healthy shoes around obesity are reported in the media in the last 10 years and they have used freely available newspaper websites library sources to obtain articles on this topic and they copied it into a database and coded according to various criteria for content analysis so the question is can the researcher use such public data without preaching copyright can the database be archived and shared with other researchers so any thoughts on that so someone has written it yes it's already in the public domain now I don't think so that is the case that would be the case if the copyright ownership has expired which is lifetime plus 70 years for the UK each author of the article would hold the right to their work so permission would be needed may fall under fair use fair dealing is the allowance for the researchers in academia which could be for their own personal research you can create your database you can copy it in your thesis you can use quotations for your own research but when it comes to data sharing you cannot you should have to obtain a permission to share it depends on original copyright that's right no being publicly available doesn't mean it's okay to share just like social media ports exactly as long as you put the facts in your own words yes that's that's though I think a very nice option that we follow UK data center the UK data service that if you cannot obtain copyright you can summarize the facts in your own words and then you can deposit cannot use the exact information so as a rule even though the articles obtained are freely available online they might still be subject to copyright while such information can be used for personal research purposes such as fair dealing you have mentioned the articles cannot be archived unless permission is obtained from the newspapers or other sources you have used otherwise this would breach copyright so the terms and conditions of all the data used should be checked before the archiving process begins so maybe it's open access the terms of use state that you can use it freely you can share it you can modify it you can do this you can do that so but as a rule you need to check the terms and conditions so that's another case study related to archiving data so this in this one a researcher uses international social service social survey program is sp data obtained from the jcys which is a repository these data are available to registered jcys users and the researcher incorporates some of the is sp data within a database containing his own research data can this database be placed on the researcher website or or less it's similar to the previous one so what are your thoughts on while you are writing your thoughts i am just checking the chat um someone has said for using ogl open government license data is the citation only enough yeah i think so ogl allows you to share your share the information um with the third parties with the citation or attribution but it's always better to check with the specific information but i think yes and there is another comment in the chat if you are not permitted to cite an author's own words then safe qualitative research is impossible that that's right it is really tricky in terms of qualitative research but it is um i think very hard when it comes to data sharing so always try to convince your participants to give you consent or permission to share it you can anonymize the data you can so don't minimize the data but i think you can it is hard no doubt in terms of quality so coming back to that case study someone has written there's no copyright in fact so yes now it wasn't uh of course uh data based on fact see the researcher has used it from the repository and it's a survey survey data so it is um available through that repository so it depends on the licensing and user agreement for the data that that's exactly right this would be derivative work of sensitive restrictive data so special permissions will be needed that's right so although the is spd data are available for free to all registered researchers at that repository this does not mean that the data can be published on a website and made available to others so the data can be incorporated into a database and used for personal analysis but before this dataset is placed on a website permission must be sought from the data owner so that that that's the course of action needs to be taken so another case study related to transcription more or less similar to the previous one a researcher has copied a series of statistical information from a printed work into a spreadsheet the transcription is a direct copy with minimal alterations and the book is in copyright so what would be the issue here any thoughts i'm sorry i may have used several case studies but i believe that this is the perfect way to understand different issues plagiarism yeah it is plagiarism but i i think we can copy others work for our personal use unless we share it somewhere else so someone has written there is no problem need to cite the source but you can't paraphrase data and no copyright in facts that's right someone has written in the chat that it needs to cite it that's right if the excerpt is cited in the original material as a clear license cc by true it might be a matter of citation but permission should be asked to be saved that's right the researcher should technically have cleared copyright before transcription if the work is for personal use this can be probably disregarded but if the newly constructed data set is to be archived and disseminated copyright clearance will need to begin from the copyright holder so yeah it doesn't matter if you are using it for your personal use but when it comes to putting it on a website sharing it with others archiving it then copyright permission does matter you need to check the terms of use you need to check the license is attached to it and you need to act accordingly so that's that's the last case study open data obtained from the uk data server so this researcher has used data from the participation survey which is available on our website and this data is available under crown copyright and available as an open access collection the researcher creates derived variables for their analysis and they would like to archive the derived data at the uk data service so this is the last case study what are your thoughts on this it would need to be cited that's right sorry someone needs to see the previous slide these are long examples so I couldn't put these using one slide that's why I have to use two I will find a way where you can keep on reading this case study and then answer it but at the moment I couldn't find any way on mentee meter I hope you have read that by now so it would need to be cited need to cite the original work but new work is derived data with new creative input that's correct depends on the permission in the crown copyright license exactly regarding derivatives and sharing if not granted permission should be requested cite the original data set yeah I think that's correct it's open because it's really available online not because it's under a cc license that means the researcher would need permission to share it they cannot archive the data that is not theirs when there are no added material they should cite the original data that's right the first issue in terms of copyright is to declare a joint copyright ownership there is a joint copyright over the process data shared between the researcher and the crown so this is the first issue the researcher must declare this joint copyright on the other hand data collection is published under the open government license so no further permission from the data creator is required to archive the derived data as long as acknowledgement is provided as described in the open government license however it all depends on the licenses attached to the data so always check the terms and conditions of the sources including license so yeah these are the case studies I have added and I hope by now it's quite clear to you what you need to consider when it comes to copyright in secondary data use especially archiving or depositing it for future use so that's all thank you very much for listening and is there any question you can this is my email address you can always email me if you have any specific questions


What's going on? You all welcome to the single guy channel. My name is Lloyd. I am not the single guy today We're gonna be talking about why women ghost why she ghosted you instead of just being honest Why can't people just say hey? I'm not interested Well, we're gonna talk about that and there's you know some pretty good reasons for it and hopefully by the end You'll understand it. You know my goal for you from this video is to come away having a better understanding of female Psychology psychology people in general because a lot of this stuff can be applied to both men and women You know there might be one reason that I go over here. That's only applicable to women But most of this stuff is universal so you understand the process better You understand the game more because whether you want to or not you're playing the game if you're in dating Understanding that will allow you to get less frustrated You know I this very few times where I'll encounter a situation where I can't predict what's going to happen next in Terms of dating and because of that I know that you know these things are going to happen and as a result I don't get frustrated. I don't get mad You know, I don't experience nearly the same level of mistakes and frustrations I did in my my younger years, but when I do because inevitably like things don't always end up exactly the way you want them to I understand why and the why builds such an incredible amount of confidence So I want you guys to be able to have that something that we talk about a lot of my coaching programs So we'll talk about this right now. The first reason I would say they don't want to be me okay, they want to Go about their life and pick the easy option If you look at the grand sum total ghosting someone is not the nicest thing to do It's probably one of the meaner things do it would be nicer if you told them Hey, look, listen, I'm just not interested and here's the reason why that way that person has constructive feedback They won't do the same thing again They won't keep making the same mistakes and they can be better for the next person But most people don't do that in fact very rarely will people do that You know, they just want to kind of get by and do the right thing for them And as a result being nice is what they want or they want to seem as being nice, okay? I actually don't think this is the most common reason and I'll explain why in a second, but a lot of times if they just decided they're completely not interested in you and They ghost it's because they're trying to be seen as nice and they know if they get into that Area it's gonna require a conversation, right? The second thing that women have told me is that they are afraid about the repercussions physically from the guy You know, I had one girl was telling me that she's afraid about, you know guys getting angry and hurting her physically if they if she rejects them outright and That's true in person, but not true over the phone because they're not there You know, they're it's there you probably never gonna see that person again in reality And if you're worried about the physical repercussions or you're worried about them getting angry They're probably gonna get angry or if you just say nothing and ignore them and don't give them a reason So I think that's the weakest reason out of all of them But it is something that you know a lot of women will do Another one that comes up is like she just gets really really busy with things and you're not high on her priority list And so you kind of fade out This is probably someone who you know, maybe she likes you a little bit, but not that much, right? And then the other option, which is I think probably the most common and I'll explain why is She kind of wants to keep you around as an option like a lot of women When they go on a date with somebody and it goes kind of okay, and they're just not really like feeling anything They don't want to outright say hey look. I'm just not interested because What if she talks to like a bunch of other guys and it doesn't work out she still has that door open there She still has you as an option and so because of that. She doesn't want to tell you that She's not interested because she can't come back and say hey by the way when I said I wasn't interested I was just kidding. I actually am interested. I just been really busy. What are you doing this weekend?  I'm so sorry like I just saw this I was you know she'll say XYZ was happening. I was super busy. Whatever. Yeah, what are you up to this week? Okay, that was probably a better option for her in the long run if she wants to keep her options open because the truth is when you go on a date or when you interact with somebody it's like For you to pick a yes or a no right then in there is like really tough But if it's not like a hell yes, she's probably gonna look for more options She's probably gonna look for other guys in the area that are gonna be better a better fit for her Okay, so for that reason people like to keep their options open and they like to maybe she'll respond here and there But she's probably gonna like slowly fade out because in the end It's better to have more allies and more options than it is to have less options And in the reality people are gonna act in their own self-interest Even if they're they consider themselves to be a really good person they consider themselves to be a really nice or kind person They're still gonna do this like no matter what I know there's a lot of older dating coaches out there that Like really admonish people for ghosting. I'm a realist like ghosting is gonna happen like with technology and stuff like that people are just gonna do it and in reality you have to prepare yourself for a Realistic situation then some fantasy world where nobody's ghosting each other it's going to happen and when it happens now that you understand it a little bit better and You know to try not to be so harsh on yourself because a lot of times it's not just an outright like you suck Which I hope nobody's interpreting that as such It's more of a kind of in between like she kind of wants to keep you around, but it's not quite there yet type situation and the truth is like men do this all the time too, I've done it I've done it plenty of times and it's not the proudest thing that I'm That I've done but it is something that I'm very aware of and I know other people are probably gonna do it to me in the Future so if you understand this process then you're gonna be a lot less frustrated And I think it's gonna help you out a lot So that's the why if you want the how to deal with ghosting what exactly to do I highly recommend you check out some of my other videos I have plenty of videos on ghosting and how to handle it and what to do better It really comes down to knowing your worth and valuing yourself and going after things that are going to give you the attention that you deserve And that's really what it comes down to you guys So if you may didn't consider subscribing I come up with videos like this every single week. Thanks for watching y'all There's links to free trainings and stuff in the description box below You can take my mating intelligence quiz to see how smart you are when it comes to mating. Thanks a lot. Good luck out there


Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles He was in the hash shell to the poem Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Out of the Shadows My name is Brandon Keith Avery And this is just my opinion Alright guys, I'm a young man now But as a child, I absolutely love The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles It was probably my favorite cartoon All time at the time as a little boy But now that I'm grown I still have a huge fan base For Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles I mean look, I still have part 1, 2, and 3 Of the live action 90 series That came out a long time ago And I love this series So back in 2014 When we found out that Michael Bay Will be producing a new rebooted Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles I was excited a little skeptical Because they did have to do with Michael Bay And he was my favorite director Of all time until Transformers Revenge of the Fallen came out And he's still a good director And I'll get to that later But he wasn't directing this film It was Jonathan Leesman He's the guy that did Wrath of Titans And he also did Battle of Los Angeles And those movies were pretty good So okay But now we have a new director At the helm for part 2 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Out of the Shadows That is Dave Green He did Earth to Echo And I thought Earth to Echo Was a cute little movie Now my expectations for part 2 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Out of the Shadows was very low Because I did not like The first movie at all Pretty much hated it I thought it was abomination To the live action movie in the 90s I thought it was an abomination To the cartoon Back at the early Not early but late 80s Early 90s I mean I just thought that the origin story Of the turtles was all over the place It was a lot of plot points That just didn't make sense to me I did like the personality of the turtles And I will say that in the 2014 film My most favorite part Was the turtles elevator scene I honestly was laughing pretty hard Doing that scene But overall I did not care for that movie So my part 2 was coming out I really didn't care for that either So like I said Going into this movie I had very very low expectations Some of the earlier reviews On rotten tomatoes Start popping up And all these other sights And you know Just the word of mouth Wasn't spreading around that good But I still wanted to go in With an open mind Because while I did not enjoy The film the first time I did like the personality Of the turtles I just did not like the direction That they went with the entire picture As it just seemed so extremely goofy With CGI characters everywhere I would have preferred Like live action costumes But going into part 2 I just had to accept it For what it was And try to have a good time in Initially I did As soon as the movie started out You get to see all the turtles Acting like the young teenage sales Acting like kids Bumbling all around Doing action adventure ninja type stuff And it was quite entertaining And it was quite funny And it just kind of let you know The life that these turtles are living In the big city of New York And I was on board With their characters And even how the CGI looked It didn't look bad It's kind of hard to pick One turtle out of them all To say who is my absolute favorite If you know these characters You know that they're very different They're not always the leader Raphael is the attitude On this movie that called him The muscle, Michelangelo's The goofy personality And Donatello is the brains And just for fun If I had to pick one character Out of them all That I liked the best I would probably go with Leo I just think that he's just real cool Lay back, real easy going Type of guy, great leader I don't know I just gravitate towards him more Than all the other turtles But I do love them all I mean they were great in the first film And they were great in this film too Their personality is just perfect I think whoever had to do with that The studio, the writing, the director, whatever They hit that out of the park With the personality of the turtles And I don't think they could have did A better job than they did here As far as Splinter is concerned I'm still not really in love with Splinter I don't know why But it's just something about his character And his voice that does not remind me Of the Splinter that I used to know And love from way back in the day Yes of course this is a new adaptation And things are gonna change And things are gonna be different But I like the turtles But I just didn't like Splinter Now someone that they're adding to The mix of characters Actually before I get there Let's just talk about Megan Fox I mean she's fine And I don't mean that Literally like as in me finding her attractive I mean she's attractive woman But I mean as far as her role is April O'Neill She's fine She's not great She doesn't suck She's just there Anyone could be playing this role The movie had to give you a reason For her to want to be stripping her clothes off And yes they did have a little scene With that as you saw in the trailers I was gonna bring up another character But he's just not worth mentioning In my opinion Now another character that they did bring Into the fall was Casey Jones Played by Stephen Amell The guy that plays Arrow On the CW show He did an okay job But his Casey Jones to me Is just a little friendly For my taste If you know part one And part two of the 90s movie You know that Casey Jones is kind of a badass He's kind of rough around the edges He's kind of someone that has A rough lifestyle Somebody that you wouldn't run across I did not get that vibe at all From Casey Jones He was a cool character But it just I was gonna say It just His character didn't seem realistic But then again How realistic can a character seem In a movie titled Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles And I'll touch on that later But what I did like about his character Is how he did fit in With the rest of the turtles In April O'Neill And just how they incorporated him Within the rest of the plot and the story I won't spoil it for you here But I thought that was creative Because it would have been kind of hard Just to You know get a random Hockey rough Sticking person And throw him into the mix with the turtles That's already weird When you're talking about Crane and Shredder And all that Which I'll get to in a second But as far as his character He was okay I wasn't in love with him But I did like the way he tied in With the story As far as Shredder is concerned I mean okay He looked cool I still prefer the Shredder in the 90's cartoon Not the 90's cartoon But the 90's live action movie He seemed like more of a badass in this This is just an Asian guy That looks threatening Whoa He's trying to look threatening But they don't really give him much material To look threatening with Other than his cool looking ninja suit And Shredder armor That does look cool He looks like he just wants to slice people up For no reason And I guess that's the point So I think they won there As far as Baxter Stockman is concerned Played by Tyler Perry I mean I liked it But I didn't like it It was 50-50 I mean I kind of felt that he was too muscular To try to play the role that he was playing You know I'm somewhat of a fan of Tyler Perry I'm 50-50 with him as well As well with his role in the movie Some of his acting performances in this Films I like some I don't like And some of the quips that Baxter Stockman and him as Tyler Perry Played in this movie I like some of them I didn't like Like I mean sometimes he was really acting nerdy And geeking out and whatnot And that made me laugh But other times It came across that he was A smooth swab type of character That forgot to be nerdy the whole time And so There was a little inconsistency there At times it was a little bit over the top Just goofy For no reason to be goofy But then again What else can you expect From a teenage mutant Ninja Turtles Out of the Shadows movie Bebop in Rock Steady Character favorites of mine as a child Of course they was not in this series right here But they were in the cartoon And possibly Two worst characters I've ever seen on screen But I keep saying this Then again I mean Brandon This is Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles And you know that there is a character That turns to a rhino in the Warthog But I just don't understand Why they had to make them so stupid And ignorant I mean you could have had them Like to be bumbling dorks But I mean my goodness gracious You just did not have to tone them down To this level of stupidity I just don't think it was that necessary There's gonna be a lot of children That are gonna like it And if that's what the studio is going for Hey bravo You know you won there But with their crazy personality Along with the ridiculous looking CGI I just was not a fan of their characters And one of them to die off immediately Now like I said at the beginning Of this review I really was on board at the beginning I mean it started out with laughs You got to see the turtles personality And how they just you know Was getting on with life in New York You saw what was important to them And how they've grown from the first film And the film had a simple plot The bad guys are trying to take over the world And in order for them to try to take over the world They have to execute A, B, and C And the turtles have to stop them And I was along with the ride I mean there were some things That were making me frustrated here and there But they were just little nitpicks And I was just saying to myself That you know man I really am enjoying this film a lot more Than I am enjoying the first film And I think that's because there was no origin story And they were not trying to make the turtles look all cool I mean I was just embracing What the film was giving me And accepting what it was For what it was But all that turned over To complete 180 And was going the opposite direction When that got to that scene In the trailers to where they were on the plane And when they were trying to get on the plane That was cool But actually when the turtles got inside the plane And they were trying to do their thing To stop the day Involved with bebop and rocksteady That is when the whole film Just took a nove dive Into the ground Crash burn And exploded With no evidence Residue or DNA left over I mean it was just a flaming hot mess after that And it just kept going Lower and lower and lower The film just got dumber and dumber and dumber And you may consider this a spoiler But I just don't care I don't understand If you are a character trying to live That if you are in a plane That is thousands of feet in the sky So while you will pull out A 50 caliber machine gun That is on the back of a tank And open fire How do you expect to escape out of this You're gonna blow the plane away And kill yourself along with everybody else And that was just one of the decisions That one of the characters made That I was just not on board with And everything after that Was just a complete flaming pile of dark shit I just don't understand what happened Why they changed the tone so much at that point They made absolutely no sense to me And I was thinking of myself As I watched the movie Like who in their right mind pitched this And I just wish I was a fly on the wall And then meeting like okay And then we're gonna have the turtles in the sky And then some guy's gonna blow it up And all the wings are gonna fall off And then the front of the plane is gonna blow open And that's gonna explode And it's gonna have smoke and fire everywhere And then the turtle's gonna be flipping around And it's not gonna like it's making sense But that's okay because People just wanna spend their money on anything And it just doesn't really matter they're dumb And we're just gonna feed them a whole bunch of dumb CGI I mean that's just kinda like the pitch That was going on in my head As I was watching this scene And I just wasn't enjoying it at all But then it comes down to the final battle And it's not even a battle It is CGI characters vs a CGI bad guy Fighting on a whole CGI platform The whole screen is just CGI, CGI And they're not even fighting It's just a bunch of characters jumping on top of each other Rolling around, there is no stakes left in this film You don't care because nothing looks real Everyone is making dumb decisions It's over the top silly, over the top goofy It's just down and get down to the level of a preschooler And I'm sorry but that is just not for me And it may be for you but it's just not for me I know I still have, I mean You may wanna say well Brandon I'm hey Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles came out over 20 years ago But a lot of it, I think not because I still like this film Well it's set for part 3 I like part 1 and part 2 I mean they're a lot of fun I just wish that the films could take a more serious tone That these took right here Then this 5 year old CGI garbage That Michael Bay's production company Platinum Dooms has given us No I know he did not direct the film Dave Green did but his stamp is all over this film It felt like Transformers was thrown up all over this Some of the shops were being made Some of the way the score and the music was coming in The way that was cute Oh Transformers, Transformers This is not Transformers I mean why is it, I don't know I don't want to get frustrated and talk about it anymore But overall the film just wasn't for me I didn't care for it too much I really did enjoy it in the beginning I really was And just another nitpick I don't know why Casey Jones is able to beat up All these ninjas and what not I mean the foot served no threat either I mean I don't know But the movie wasn't for me But maybe it will be for you So if I had to rate Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Out of the shadows out of a 1 out of a 10 I'm just going to split it right down the middle And give it a 5 out of 10 Yes a 5 out of 10 But that's just my opinion guys So have you seen Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Out of the shadows do you want to see it Have I turned you on Have I turned you off Do you agree with me Or do you disagree with me Let me know in the comment section below Let's get this conversation going And keep it flowing If you like this video Go ahead and give me the thumbs up And if you didn't like the video That's fine just leave me a comment below why And still give me the thumbs up Since you're watching this on YouTube Go ahead and subscribe to the YouTube channel So become one of my subscribers To get all the content that I have to provide In the past and in the future Also if you like a written review of this You can head over to the site That's www.justmyopin.net Find me at facebook.com Just my opinion or other social media platforms Like Instagram and Twitter At just my opinion 84 And guys share the video I'm not going to get mad if you share the video I'll tell you what I will keep it between me and you But thanks again guys for tuning in For my review slash opinion Of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Out of the shadows And before you go Don't forget that my name is Brent Keith Avery And that's just my opinion Peace


Hey, I'm Dylan here. We just bought a new 2016 Jeep Grand Cherokee limited Patsy was our sales rep and The process was really really smooth. We're really excited to get on the road take our new Jeep Grand Cherokee home So thank you guys at Mountain View Dodge Patsy Doug two thumbs up I recommend both of them to anyone out there. So Mountain View Dodge. Thanks guys


The White Sox are in the Bronx. They're the number one team in the American League. They're facing the Yankees. It's all tied up at one in the ninth. The Raldus Chapman in the closer for the Yankees on the mound. He hasn't given up a run all season. This one's brought to you by DraftKings. Go to DraftKings. When you download the app, use promo code Johnboy. This was a tough one for betters to bet on. I'll show you why at the end. So anyway, crazy inning. Ball one to your mean. Ball two, now it's three and one. Now he's walked him. He walks the leadoff guy. Never a good situation. They pinch run. Billy Hamilton is ready to go. Chapman, they lay down the bunt. Chapman tries to field it.   Spider legs as fingers can't corral. It grabs it like that, invents a new pitch, throws it, some nice tail, but didn't really work out. Says, huh?  Two on, no out, tie game in the ninth. Not much good can happen here, but just wait and see. He gets back in the count with the fastball there. One and one. She says, thank you, um, it was. He says, watch out, Billy.  The one, one pitch, hard shot to Giorgio Arcello. Steps on third, throws it to Rougi at second, throws it to the first. Triple play to get out of the inning. I mean, we've seen triple plays, but never in the ninth inning of a tie game to escape the jam for the closer who has never given up a run. And this dude knew he was up in a seat, ready to watch and take it in. As soon as Rougi got the ball and all the other fans, then they start going, little security guard. Yeah! Big old bear scream from Voight. Big old punch from Chapman in celebration. The crowd's going absolutely nuts behind him. Look at that kid in the jersey, just like, oh my God.  It's always a joke. You say, well, the triple plays in order. Let's just do that. Triple play would be nice right now. And then the Yankees actually did it. Woo! Glaber's running off saying, man, I got a good view of that. I want to be part of the fun though. And he soon will because Judge leads off the bottom of the ninth with a single, then Gio bloops a little single in himself. Now the Yankees got two on and no outs. Did the White Sox turn a triple play? That would be wild. They don't. Glaber puts that one through the hole. Judge rounds third, heads home. He's judgy five strides faster than he should be. Slides in, Yankees turn a triple play and have a walkoff in the same inning and Glaber tours. I don't know. Is he pointing at his arm there? Is he saying ice in his veins? Is he pointing at the Yankees logo? I don't know. Maybe he's pointing at his heart. Says, I have a heart. I have a heart. Gary Sanchez is double water bottling because of course he's double water bottling. He's chosen that role. Or maybe it's chosen him. I don't know, but we've seen it three times now in the last five days. Gary Sanchez double water bottles. They throw Glaber away. Say, get out of here. Go celebrate alone. Think about what you've done. He says, okay. Take it in. Chapman gives Gio a big old hug for getting him out of there with the triple play. Just thanks, man. No, honestly, thank you. Thank you. Look at that hug. Judge making Glaber look like his son because judge is a giant. Wade with the hair. High fives galore. Everyone having a good time. Glaber walks off, looks at the camera says, yep, you just saw something crazy. Triple play and walkoff win in the same inning only been done four times. The last time the Dodgers did it to the Padres in 2012.  Some other cool stuff happened in this game that I'm just gonna show you. Cause I know there's people that watch these videos that don't watch baseball a lot and maybe you just missed what happened. But it's pretty cool because judge puts the deke on him. So the runner's running the second. He has to decide if judge catches this, I have to go back to first base. Otherwise judge can throw me out. Otherwise I'm gonna get tagged up for the double play. If judge doesn't catch it, then I gotta go to second base. What judge does, you can see right here, he's acting like he's gonna catch it. He throws the glove up and when he throws the glove up you can see the runner put on the hard breaks and actually put all his momentum going back to first base. But judge had no chance of catching that ball. Maybe if he full out dove but then he risks it going to the wall. So instead he just deeks him a little bit and then gets the easy out at second base. Says, yep, easy. I'll play it again in live speed. So the ball's up. Judge acting like he's gonna catch it. Deek just that slight deek gets the out at second base. Cool. Tim Anderson did something similar in the bottom of the next inning. Wade steals second. Now the ball gets away from the catcher. Wade slid though. I'm sure Wade would have loved to round second on his feet and get to decide if he was gonna go to third base or not. I think he wouldn't have went because the throws right there but Wade didn't even get that choice. Because Tim Anderson, the shortstop acted like the throw was coming to him. Little deek on deek on deek game within the game. This one was brought to you by DraftKings and you can see by the bets that were placed on this game majority got it wrong. A lot of people had the white socks to win and the over to hit but the Yankees won and the under hit. 54% of the money was on the over. 54% of the money was on the white socks. So if you think you're smarter than the average person that bet on this game if you're like obviously it was the under and the Yankees, get in the action. DraftKings sports book. When you download it, use promo code Johnboy. Thanks.


Welcome traders, another techno chart here with me, Patrick, I want to draw your attention to the S&P 500, we're on the daily, sorry, we're on the intraday hourly timeframe, tracking the current decline here, coming into a pivotal zone of support at around 4290 down to 4280. Watch for bullish reversal patterns in this area, set long positions, initially targeting a three-way corrected move back up into the pivot cluster here at 4343 to 4349, and then that will be a key decision point as to whether obviously another wave to the downside or we extend this move, this corrective phase is over. However, if we lose 4280, we want to be short looking for a test down into 4234 and 4226, weekly and monthly range of support. As always traders, plan the trade, trade the plan, manage your risk. Until next time, thanks very much.


Hey what's up you guys welcome back to my channel if you're new here hi hello I'm Lydia and if you aren't new here make sure you hit the subscribe button and the ring the bell if you're new here just don't worry down there give me a big thumbs up because it really does help me out. Today we're talking about what helps me when I'm suicidal and when I'm having suicidal ages. When I'm suicidal I have a tendency to act on the edges which has led to me being husband wise multiple times. What helps me when I'm feeling like that to prevent an admission. One distraction. Distraction for me is key whether it's playing a switch game, reading a book, watching a movie, watching a series, coloring in, making youtube videos, going for a walk, having a bath. For me distraction is key to helping when I feel suicidal. If I'm suicidal then chances are I'm thinking of acting on it. So anything that can take my mind off down thoughts is a huge help and there's a siren. Living in London is irritating. Another thing that helps me when I'm feeling suicidal is getting sleep. A lot of the time I get suicidal if I'm not sleeping properly. So a big thing that helps me is sleep. Feeling suicidal is horrible. There's no good part about it. It's a horrible way to feel and if you're experiencing them thoughts please reach out to someone because you're not alone. Another thing that helps is having regular contact with other people. So for me I live in a mental health care home if anyone doesn't know. I have contact with people on a daily basis to get my medication, to get my baby home. So having that communication with people on a daily basis definitely keeps me out of this suicidal slump and you can tell I'm suicidal because I'll stop interacting with other people. I haven't talked to staff members when I'm getting my medication. I won't talk to them about having my food. I haven't talked to them about getting my mail. It's just something that I do when I get down. I stop talking to people. That's all I've got for this video. Thank you for watching and if you have anything that might help, please leave it in the comments down below. If you've got any video requests, let me know in the comments down below. Thanks for watching me and I'll see you in my next video. Peace.