if y'all have been following along you would know that I got into gardening about two years ago. I started at my townhouse with two small raised beds on my rooftop and then I moved into this house and I had to leave those behind and like any other thing in life that I show even the you know the smallest amount of interest I obviously had to take it to the next level. So I did quite the backyard transformation and I decided that I wanted not one but four different types of gardens. We have a vegetable garden, we have a raised bed garden, we have an herb garden and a cocktail garden. I'm taking y'all along on every step of the way to my backyard transformation to what garden beds I've used, where I'm getting my seats from, my favorite nurseries in Dallas, how I actually plan where to plant what and what to plant, and who I'm following online that I've learned from and more. I mean we get very specific. So I hope y'all enjoy me taking yet another hobby way too far. Okay with this in-depth how I started my garden video slash honestly a backyard transformation video. It's December 29th. Just come back from my spray tan. We're setting up the beds today. I have one normal garden bed that's from Amazon that I already have outside. As you guys have seen for Christmas I asked for vego garden beds. I found them on Instagram, not sponsored. I wish. I've got a lot of accounts on Instagram that use them. So we're setting them up today. We're also setting up this. I looked at some fun YouTube and it looks like we could do it. Really becoming a handy girl this year. I know this will come as a shock to y'all but I'm not really the most handy girl around.  Taught me work smarter not harder. Hire out so you're able to you know do the thing you're good at and make more money. Okay my mom on the other hand she actually is Bob the builder herself. Her father was a contractor so this is like right up her alley. For whatever reason my dad wanted us to do this together and it ended up being a great bonny activity. Wasn't the hardest thing in the world. Definitely took more than 45 minutes a bed but I will say I mean it's not rocket science. Okay so we got it done all right and it looks great. I also need like I'm gonna trip back here like I need this to be looking nice you know. Yeah well you can fix that make it really look nice. You're gonna need to hold that.  Just gonna take up half of it. Okay do that last one Yeah you got it. It's gonna fit inside. And then once I'm eventually completely out of home projects maybe I finish off the attic. Okay it's the next morning we only set up one bed and the wagon and by that I mean my dad really did. I helped okay. This might seem extra. I mean this entire video seems extra but the reason I did this is because it's a lot to lug the soil bags all the way from my car all the way back there and around and all that stuff. So anyways I just thought this would be helpful especially with like other plants. We'll go outside later but this is the first garden bed. I love them honestly they're really long but I forgot how long the side yard is so part of me is like do I do more? Day two and we are back with garden bed number two. We are showing my mother that you know there can be multiple bob builders in this family okay and that's us me and my dad my partner in crime okay and then we are bringing it to the backyard.  Thank god I'm so strong. Okay we're gonna have to go up over the top. The weight lifting. We're bringing it around. I'm very excited and everything is looking incredible besides that grass that is driving me insane. All right guys we're almost done with our first two beds. Okay I forgot I actually did ask for a six in one and a nine in one so they're not exactly the same. This one's a little bit smaller. The cool thing about these is that they have a bunch of different configurations. This one you can make in six different ways that one and nine. I'm only interested in this but it's still cool. You have to good girl. Okay Coco. Give me some money. Oh god. It's literally six thirty in the morning I just got out of the sauna.  Also by the way I actually do have the vacant garden mugs and these mugs are the best mugs ever. They're big. They're perfect. I love them. We're gonna go measure because my brother-in-law is going to do my new pavement in the garden.  It's starting to be literally insane.  So y'all already know I'm pretty sure that I want to do a new pavement situation here.  So I need to measure this out for my brother-in-law. Oh my goodness. God that terrified me. Did you see your wig? I cannot take myself seriously. My plan is we're gonna get two by twos all the way down here. Look at my flashlight. Place these rocks with two by twos and then come out probably about 30 inches. It's about 400 inches down this way. I also just did the math and we have room for two more of the nine-in-one beds so that'll come to about right here which will be perfect. So the pavement that I wanted done in the garden is happening today. This garden is truly a family affair. Sophie's here because her dad and brother-in-law is the one who was doing this. Hello everyone are you gonna help me garden when I have a garden? Yeah. Really? Yes. We'll see about that. I'm gonna show you this clip when you're like 13 okay? Okay. So I have some inspo. I wanted 24 by 24 just like big stones. I also just found out that Vega Garden by the way is Dallas based. I had no idea. So hopefully I'll have my other garden beds built soon. Okay guys all of this stuff has arrived. They're making multiple trips to Home Depot. Thank god for my brother-in-law seriously. He also did my fire pit which they're gonna add more stones to it today just because I think we do need more but it's going to be little stones throughout this entire thing and then big stepping stones pretty close to the actual house. So it's gonna be just better overall. I'm excited. I'm a little bit nervous about stones everywhere. I don't know. The grass and everything it's all muddy and gross over here anyway so I feel like it's definitely the best option anyways. I don't know why I'm nervous about it but we'll see. I am gonna get two more nine-in-ones from Vega Garden right here so it's gonna come out pretty much to the AC unit. Guys it looks so good. So we have two more garden beds coming. That's why the tarp is still there and the garden. You'll see what I mean. I'm literally just sitting here staring at it because it looks so amazing. Okay are you guys ready? Wow so much better. So when the other garden beds get here we're probably gonna add more rock and it's gonna end up I forget the word but basically we'll add more rock as time goes on and then it's gonna be fine. These stepping stones are just 18 by 18 stepping stones from Home Depot and it is so much better. Like I want to get one of those little cute tables to like step back here but I am obsessed. Like it's even better than I thought. I didn't even know really what we were doing. I had a general idea. I didn't realize we were doing it all the way through and thank god. Like always listen to other people. It's February 5th and we have started working on my seating station. It looks a little ugly right now.  But I will make an Amazon storefront of everything that we use. I got these grow lights. They didn't have the four foot option so I had to get two of the smaller ones. They're really easy to set up. Highly recommend. I have this little board back here that has like planting schedules so that's for cut flower and then that's just like normal. Oh no that's both cut flower. I don't know where the other one was but anyways I ordered more seating trays. They're arriving today and Micah and I are going this has to go. These just been sitting outside. We're going to do a whole thing. She's found online. I also got this grow food. I follow a couple like Dallas gardening influencers that I can link below and I can't remember whose storefront I used but I basically just bought everything she had. This timer will be nice for the actual lights and I might like flip that to the side and figure it out. I also got this heat mat but with everything that's happened in the past month I didn't end up using it. It's warm now so anyways have that and then I have some labels. So these markers are garden markers. Who knew? And then we're labeling everything so we're going to start seating. I don't even know how long it's going to take before I can actually like plant them but right now the rest of my garden beds are being built and those will be done today which is very exciting. Coco's just sitting on the love stack watching me. Hi girl. Hi. We got these pots today from at home and they're so perfect. Ignore the lights in the garage. Y'all know the drill at this point. I got this big one for I got a tree of life as a gift from a friend. It's a southern magnolia tree. I just love this pot and then I got this size too. I think they're so cute. For Christmas, Megan got me this really cute basket from William Sonoma and then I don't know where she found these but look at how cute because I love anything that's like oh yeah Maya there's a pruning thing in here. I love anything. It's like colorful and pattern now and these are the cutest thing ever. So I'm very excited. In the midst of this process Maya and I found this store, Nicholas and Hardy. This is my new favorite store in Dallas. Conveniently it's right next to one of my needlepoint shops that I got to. Okay it's on lovers Nicholas and Hardy. They are incredible. They have the best bands. I've been getting a lot of stuff in my actual yard and I know they have the best seed selection so if y'all are looking for seeds I highly recommend. I've also been getting compost and trying to get soil mainly compost at local nurseries. I know Walton's is great. I just I've been googling they've been here by one and grabbing from there so anyways that's where I've been going locally. Okay it's February 5th. Here is the garden update. It's pretty much done. These two I had to hire someone to build them but honestly they're not difficult to do. It's just hard if you're one person and I just have too much going on. So anyways we have potting mix because we're going to use as much of this as we can and then I have like a hundred bags of organic soil coming I think tomorrow. So this will just be like the middle ground and these are worm composters and I cannot make that. And then this I everything is Vega Garden. I'm obsessed with Vega Garden. This is a little like toolkit. How amazing. So this one just got built today. That one yesterday and then you guys have already seen those. These are all of my garden beds. I don't know where I put the top stuff for those too. So I've got to find it but yesterday we also had some people come over with firewood because basically to fill all this soil can get really expensive. You just fill it with other radders like halfway with wood then there's like a whole chart thing that I found in Vega Garden. So anyways I really do need more wood. So that's going to take care of in the next like probably 24 hours but we've got this big big things happening. I just need to find the black it's somewhere in my house. If not maybe I'll be able to order it but anyways these oh god I feel like this is oh whoa oh no they dented my thing my garden bed when they threw it yesterday. No so this is going I don't know if this is this looks Vega Garden. I think it has to be. I'll again I'll link everything but this is going to be my herb cocktail garden situation. So I really like this. I think the placement is perfect too and I love the color. It's really big but it's going to be great because then if I'm grilling I can grab stuff there and then also if I'm cooking it's just right outside the kitchen the way my garden is I don't want it to be all the way in the garden because it's just a longer walk. I know this is so lazy but I'm just trying to make it more practical. Vega I mean those are going to have to get David up. I like it very much. Good girl. Today is seeding day so I got some packages of seeds from Epic Gardening. If I didn't get things from Vega Garden that's where I got everything. I also don't know if I've even filmed this yet but this is the Dallas Garden School in North Texas garden planner. So there's calendars for like for when you should start seeding and transplanting and then graph paper for your garden plans and then also just a list of things most likely to succeed. It's actually really been super helpful. I've also bought some of her classes online and I've just gone through them but anyways really like it and obviously for me it's really helpful. So if you guys love my Dallas definitely recommend. But anyways I got the florist cutting flowers set and then I also got heat tolerant vegetables. We went through. Vega last night marked all of these. We went through which ones we're going to use and start seeding now. I can't wait for eggplant. I love the fruit eggplant. So today is the day. All right and then she started mixing it with her hands. She just used her gloves. Added the water little by little so she wanted it wet enough that it would stick together. Because she doesn't want it. She said don't get it too wet. I loved this part. Like this part is so therapeutic. I actually just started a new batch of seedlings if you will and it's amazing. So you want to get your soil wet. It's a little bit more compact. Put it in your trays.  It's a very simple very easy but it's very therapeutic. I just put on some home-worthy home tours on the background okay. And I had a great afternoon. I love doing this part. It's like one of my favorite things to do. I would do it every day. Perfect. They're melons. Oh yeah that would be big. No eggplant for sure. Eggplant's my favorite thing that I cook with. All right so these are from the florist cutting flower collection of seeds and this is essentially how I'm gonna lay it out. I don't know if my garden bed's gonna be big enough or whatever we'll figure it out. Just based on the different heights but it looks so pretty. Okay I just finished seeding my sixth tray. It's very easy but it's also very therapeutic. Oh I haven't covered these with soil yet. This one is going to be my herb garden. So I have an herb garden and then I also have a cocktail garden. I am not drinking a ton these days but I think even for mocktails they're fun. They're great for hosting and entertaining. My friends and I we've kind of acted like making drinks better than even drinking honestly. I need to figure out the best way to organize these. I cannot recommend this enough. My grandma gave it to me and she says she thinks she got it from Walmart but it's so nice because you can just move this around. Use this. Break up the soil out of the water. You want to add a lot of water so it can like stick together a little bit better. So here we have my heat tolerant vegetables. Then we have the cut flower garden here. We have my cocktail garden and then this is all of my herbs. So this is the seeding station and this is my first time doing this but honestly really liking it. And then we're going to try it. We were originally like putting these up kind of in the location that they're in. We don't really need to do that. I think I might just pin them all together for like vegetables together, cut flower gardens together like all that stuff just to keep it more organized and then I might make a calendar and put it on here. Okay so what I've decided is I've just put them in four separate bags since it's really for four separate areas of the garden and that way I can just like reference it very easily. I do still want to figure out I don't know I want to do something up here that's a little more organized but I don't know if I'm really going to I don't know if I'm going to translate them all at the same time or what so we'll see. Seeding station tour, potting bench, seeding trays and then I just have a lot of accessories. I'm really excited for the skirt to be done. I think it will be next week. I go ahead and throw these in the beds. I'm going to focus on the three over there that don't have wood. All right guys so filled up these two. This is my six by two that's my eight by two and it took about 10 bags to get about halfway. I definitely will have enough soil once it makes its way back here and I'll start just been breaking it up a little bit. I don't need to obviously do more but feeling good. Okay guys it is the day. I'm going to pot I guess all the soil. We'll time it. Let's see how long it takes. I have about 70 bags. Here is my little garden helper and her sweater. It's a little chilly outside. It took me about 50 minutes and 50 bags. This one is all soil so it would have taken less. I didn't put the composters in. They're just sitting there. I'm going to break it up a little bit better later on but it's looking good. I also have to add a little because it's going to end up compacting so I do have about 20 over there that are still left unused and then I have one more bed to fill for the time being. I do think I'm going to add more pots and stuff. I know this is so crazy but yeah. All right y'all it is now February 9th so it is quite a bit later. I actually just shot my new merch. Thank you and then my new mug if y'all don't know of a podcast called the house guest podcast. Sophie is back and if you guys can remember early in this vlog she said she was going to help me with the garden so today we are amending the beds with compost. Correct and then she's getting a trip to the American Girl All-Star but and I get $30. Well we will talk the money out. Yeah for sure. Yay. Yay. Wait I didn't even tell you to get $30. Yes you did. Now you made that up just now. We'll see. We'll see how hard you work. It's been raining like crazy honestly the past like month and a half. I would have transplanted the plants already yesterday or earlier this week but it was pouring the entire time so we are just now amending the beds with compost. I got them from a local nursery. I hear that's a lot better. She's getting bribed with PR. Sophie and I are learning how to amend the beds so basically we're just doing another layer of compost or like soil and getting the beds ready, breaking it all up and I think two days from now the plants are getting transplanted. Before we do that I'll give you guys a little update on the seedlings. They're looking amazing. I will say they just got watered a little bit too much so they're not looking amazing right now but don't worry it's going to be fine. Let's go to the garden. Let's go. I read that once they have like two or three leaves you should transplant them so we're definitely behind on schedule and there's definitely too much water going on. They normally look a lot better so anyways it's looking great. I'm hoping that the water is going to be fine but I'm really impressed. We have some of our bags of compost. I calculated how many I needed based on the Dallas Garden School which is where I get most of my information. Here we go. Here is the garden. We have some bulbs already going. We've got a lot of white or I think we have sweet onions and red onions. Also I just want to say I completely forgot to put the worm composters in. Okay I'm going to go clean the pool. Okay two bags for 18 beds. I got it. Let me see how big I got it. Make these bags open and we're gonna. Can I pull this off? Yeah. You definitely will. You? I'm doing it. I'm dirty. You want to break it off? So there's no chunks because the chunks will hurt the plants growth. This is a good strategy. Yeah it is a good strategy. This one is really full but we'll work with it. We'll work with it. It kind of is what it is. Oops. Did you just throw soil at the fence? Yeah I was trying to break up the parts. Oh that was creative. Very creative. Thanks for your help Soph. Welcome. Bye. Always so helpful. Alright so I did about two bags of the compost which okay I think it was one bag of two cubic units per nine square feet. So it was about two per bed. That one down there only got one just because it was already so full of soil. So anyways these feel pretty good. I think that they're ready for transplant which I'm so excited for. Update on my gardening journey. I'm absolutely loving it.  I'm a welcome to my garden sign that I got at a thrift store and then I ordered this antique looking hose holder from Amazon. I'll have it linked in my garden store front. It's Monday February 11th and we are finally transplanting today. I believe most of the plants they definitely could have been transplanted already but we just a lot's been going on. So I'm very excited that there's actually going to be things in my garden. Mike is almost here and then we're gonna get to work. Okay here are the seeds now. Okay, shoot I didn't realize we only have these for this part of the yard. You know because the other one will be cut flower. Do I have one more bag of compost? Should I put compost? Probably in the herb garden, right? Don't I need the thing that makes it tall? Here, I'll get them out. I built this thing on our demand plan. This one up early. It says cucumber on here. They get huge.  You just call the dirt underneath underneath. Because a lot of them started growing towards the light so that was my other issue. How much should I water? Not a lot just you know with your sprinkler yeah. All right y'all we just transplanted all these so quickly. I still have two more beds that are going to be completely open so I'm thinking I'm going to do potatoes here and then I kind of want to try out the chaotic Zinnia trend that I've seen everywhere for just like cut flower garden stuff. So I'm going to see what cut flower garden seeds I still have in the garage. I might try that out there and then eventually I'll do potatoes. But now it is time to do my cut flower and my herb cocktail garden. Cut flower garden has been transplanted. It's looking good. My back hurts. I'm quite literally 80 years old but hopefully this works guys like again I'm a beginner. I'm doing everything that I've read pretty much so I have hope. All right the herb garden slash cocktail garden is good to go. The left side is more cocktail. The right side is mint. I mean herbs. Mint is in the middle. I am worried about that because I know mangoes everywhere. It looks like really beautiful. My gardens are good to go. Even I got so lucky guys without hardening. I'll never do that again. Make sure you harden your seedlings. I got very lucky. The vegetables are great. Things are growing. It's a couple weeks later and things are looking good. I actually did do a little chaos gardening. If you guys follow me on TikTok at Kinsey the Texan y'all can keep up to date. Let me know comment below what else I should plant in that empty garden bed. I really want to plant more things. I've already got more seedlings happening in the garage but like I need more okay. Garden bed everything's looking good. Flowers are looking good. Cocktail garden is looking good. I love this so much. Gardening has been such a great escape for me and it's been very therapeutic. Anyways if you all have not already be sure to subscribe to stay up to date with the garden. Love y'all and I will talk to you on my next video.


Hi, I'm Duncan, I'm the manager at Meltdown, London's premier esports bar, and let's go inside and see what's going on. So right now there's like gamers having a tournament right here. Yeah. So right now we're in the middle of a League of Legends TV2 tournament that we run every Friday night. You can see these guys playing right now, and the first prize for the tournament this week is a free shadow box with a month subscription, they're all playing on shadow PCs right now, as you can see. The shadow is a cloud-based PC streaming service, where from any device you can basically stream from a top of the range PC, and a data center that's constantly updated to run everything on the high specs. Yeah, I think it's great, I think it's obviously new. You're definitely going to deploy it, so I really appreciate it. Yeah, we've got it here right now, we're using it at the moment. You're the first. Yeah, we're the first in the UK. Yeah, yeah, so today is the official launch, so it's brand new. So let's check out, and right here at the event there's the shadow team. Hi, how's it going? I'm Patrick, I work for Shadow. My name's Patrick, I work for Shadow, and I'm part of the team that's bringing shadow to the UK. So Shadow is a team of French guys, right? Yeah, absolutely. And now you're launching in the UK, the British people are welcome. Yes, so we're launching in the UK, we're very happy to have new, well, whatever customers.  Finally. Yes, it heals the rift. Just before we tear it open again. Tear it open, exactly. We're all gamers in this together. Actually, even with Brexit, the fiber is going to stay, right? There's going to be fast connection no matter what. We'll still be connected despite Brexit. As we're negotiated, yeah, we might have to cut my table, so it should be a bit downer for you. And here at the event, you even have some of the guys, some of the gamers buying the shadow. Yes, absolutely. The shadow is available for purchase here at the bar and anywhere in the UK. And so we have some of the customers trying to buy it and enjoying it. Hey, so hi. So you are a gamer, right? Yeah, I'm a full-on gamer. And you're one of the first customers of the shadow. You have it running on your phone right now. Yeah, I have at the moment. What do you think of it? I think it's great, actually. I mean, to be honest, I was upgrading my computer sometime this month. But this package is going to make it so much easier for me to actually game on the go and game at home, really. So basically, you just bought a £1,500 computer for £17 for the first month, which is almost as a gaming machine. At the moment, I've got a six-core AMD 750 Ti graphics card, but I can only just about run Overwatch or League of Legends at medium to low settings. Right now, you can play games like this, right? This is League of Legends. This is not really, no, it's an intense game. That works fine on your desktop right now. It works fine on medium to low settings without any lag. So you're looking forward to be able to play at any game full speed, right? Yeah, with the max graphics on Overwatch, League of Legends, Fortnite, Warframe, I'm happy with it. And I can't wait to actually get home and try it. And the price? Pricing, what do you think? For the price? I mean, for the first month to try it, at least, is probably the best thing that's actually happened. So I'm happy. Cool. Let me check if all these guys are here. Let's take a look. Better next time, huh? Yeah! You're one of the gamers who are here.  Yeah, no, it was great.  I didn't know that I wasn't playing on a PC, so that was cool. It felt like a local desktop computer, right? Yeah, yeah, yeah, it felt really normal. It was super chill to play. It was really fun. Enjoyed it, man. No, no, unfortunately, we lost. Yeah, unfortunately, we came close. No, no, yeah. It's because you were slow, right? Yeah, it's because I'm slow. Is this his fault? Yeah, his fault. Oh, I mean it was good. It couldn't help this guy out enough. He's very sad right now because the winners are going to get one. I mean, I've got it, but... I look into it, I might have to get one. Like... Cool. Actually, you were telling me before that you work with movies. Yeah, yeah. So you could use this for video editing, right? Yeah, so I've been told that it works well with editing software and stuff like that. So... Yeah, yeah, no, no, it'd be great. Alright, so check it out later. Yeah, cool. So, right here, you have the Shadow machine right here. So who are you? I'm Roman. And you work with Shadow. Yeah. And right now, what are you playing? I'm playing Ball from Stein 2. I'd like 1.4 FPS. Where do I see the FPS? Yeah, right here. So you got 1.44 FPS. Yeah. I'm probably going to die, but... So how's the... Is it one of the big games? Yeah, it's a game that came out like maybe two months ago or something. It's a pretty good game, I like it. So it's a good game, it's great detail, very nice graphics. Yeah, it's based on Vulkan. And it's the latest, basically, technology available. It has like... High settings and everything? Yeah. If you look at my setting, it's... Well, it's a controller, but... I'm using like... Everything at max. You're like... Ultra, everything at max. And the game has no problem being rendered on the... Everything is really smooth and... Really good. So how long have you been working at Shadow? Almost two years now. Two years? Yeah. So you're one of the founders, kind of, right? No, I came... Yeah, I'm one of the first ten employees. Are you CTO? No. But you're working on the apps? Yeah, I do. Do you work on the client's software or what do you do? I do all the software, basically.  Yeah, we're like a team of three people at the moment. I have, like, all working on the Windows app. I'm mostly focusing on Mac and Android. And I have Muammar working on the Linux app. So you have Mac support. It's pretty cool that people can play on a Mac. Yeah. Any Mac? Any Mac. You need to have, like, at least 10.10 as a Mac version. You can get Yosemite. But, like, yeah, any Mac. I would recommend a Mac that is, like, at least 2011 or after to get the best experience. Because before, they were, like, no hardware decoding on Mac. But, yeah. So that's one of the most important things with the client apps, right? You need to be able to decode the video stream very fast. Yeah, that's it. And the internet connection needs to be good to the decoder directly. Yeah, basically what we do is, so we receive the frame and decode it using the hardware usually embedded in the graphic card. So, at 2011, Macbook, actually, it's maybe on Ebay. Yeah. But, like, you can even buy, like, super cheap PC, like, 50 euro PC with Intel Atom CPUs that would, like, work at 60fps, 180p with no problem. 60fps? Yeah. What do you need to play 144? It's only with this box? Or is there other hardware that can do 144? Yeah, you need, like, a quite recent graphic card, I would say, like, maybe three years ago or less. Because it needs, like, to be able to decode really, really quick. Decode the video? Yeah. Imagine that you have, like, 60fps. So if you divide, like, one second by 60, it means you have roughly 16 milliseconds to decode one frame. Now, let's say you're at 144, right? You roughly have, like, six milliseconds to decode one frame. So your decoder must be very fast. Do you have your phone? I don't know. Can you see me connecting to your shadow? Yeah. We can try. Can I do an LTE or something? Can we go? 4G, so... Can we go just over there? Can you connect? Because right here you have a... This is the other video? It's not a video, is it? That's it. Hello, team. Yep. Look here. Hello, man. Patrick, somewhere. This guy? Hey. Hey, what's up? What's your name? I'm Luke. So what do you do? I am the community manager for the UK, actually. So this is a big day. Oh, it's a huge day. I've been waiting forever for this. I mean, I arrived in the company about four months ago, and when I arrived there was zero community outside of France.  So I'm able to interact with people and... Exactly. I would say it's more of an international speaking account. So anybody outside of France, really. All right. So let's see your Android... So how good is your Android support? It's as good as it can be. We can decode on recent graphics, on recent CPUs, almost 120. On the Razer phone, for example, which has a 120 screen, we managed to do 120 rendering on Android. So can you log in on your shadow? Yeah, I can. Let's go right over here. Right here, just to get a little bit quiet. Because I think it's very exciting to have the Android support. Yeah, it's cool. Does that mean you can also support Smart TV? Yeah, yeah. We definitely support Android TVs like Sony and Philips. That's awesome. So any Android TV, just download the Shadow app. Shadow app on the Play Store. It's on the Play Store for Google TV. And you connect the same... Can you get really good gaming? What can you get? 4K? Yeah, you can get 4K. Usually Android TVs add good decoder support. So you get 4K, you get good controller support, and everything, it's working pretty well. To log in is just one click? Yeah, it's to log in. This is Android, regular Android. Just start Shadow, and then boom, done. You get your Shadow on it. So basically... You can log in. This is your... This is my Shadow, basically. What do you do? Do you do development? Yeah, I... On your Shadow? A bit. Lots of testing, mostly. You need to compile code, and it's really faster doing that, maybe? I could do that, but I'm not using it like this. I'm mostly using it to test you feature. My colleagues that are working on the streaming services are developing most of their code on Shadow, because they're working directly on the VM. So there's this box that you sell. You call it the... The Shadow box, yeah. The Shadow box. How good is that at the service? Like, it's been... Did you also work on that box? A bit, yeah. They optimized the hardware, everything for the best experience, right? Yeah, the goal is... There were like two things we could not control with Shadow. One is your internet connection, and second one is what PC you are. And we wanted to bring the best experience we could give you. So there is one thing we would never be able to control is the internet connection, obviously, to your place. But there is one thing we could control is your computer, by giving you, like, by selecting the good hardware and selecting the good PCs and developing the perfectly optimized software for that PC. That's why we built the box, basically. So, I don't know, maybe it's a secret, but let's say there's a few thousand users in France. How many percent use the box and how many percent use the apps on Android and stuff, 50-50 or...? Yeah, it's roughly something like that. Something like that, yeah? But I'm guessing that it's not so easy to, for example, make an Android client because there's many different Android phones. How do you optimize for all the different hardware out there? It's basically like, try on an error. Like, a user will tell me, oh, on my phone it's not really working. And I say, yeah, if you swing by the Paris office, we can try to fix it together, or we speak on Discord together, and then we try to fix it. So sometimes we manage to optimize the decoder. I have, like, lots of optimization on my Android decoder to optimize for a MediaTek softsock, for Intel, for Qualcomm, for Rockship, for lots of different system on chip. And many of the Google TVs, I think there were some kind of MediaTek. Yeah, usually MediaTek. Maybe some RealTek, Marell or something, but I guess it's Mali GPU or Power VR? Yeah, it's usually Mali, yeah. And so you optimize for those two GPUs, kind of? Yeah, but it's more complex than that. It really depends on the OEM and on how it implements the Mali GPU driver. So it's really up to the OEM on how it implements hardware decoding on Android. So for example, Qualcomm is doing a quite good job. Samsung and their Exynos are doing it next time. They're probably the best in terms of hardware decoding today. Definitely Nvidia and their Shield, Tegra, Stem on chip are also the best. The Chinese one, like MediaTek and the other ones are like, depends. Do you try the old winner, the RockChip? Yeah, old winner has like a very huge latency. RockChip is very good. What does the latency do, too? Is it a low-cost RAM or something? No, it's mainly because they put like frames in the pipe. So for example, when you input one frame, you don't get the picture decoded directly. You have to input like four or six frames to get the first picture you put decoded. So you get like, again, 16 milliseconds time, sex, which is like a very huge latency. So the thing is, if you make a great app, if it becomes so good, there's no need for the box anymore. That could be a risk, right? Yeah. The box is also a brand. It's our product, it's what we cherish. It's what we're striving for. You can always do the best app. You will always have like hardware that will be lagging. For example, a person will have a computer that's six years old, seven years old, ten years old, and he will not be able to do like 144. He will not be able to do 4K. With the box, you can do that without buying a super expensive. Any of the Android's can do 144K? No, almost none of them. Only the recent Qualcomm can do 120K. Like, for example, the Razerphone can do 120Hz display. So we could do like 120Hz decoding on the Razerphone or on... This one outputs HDMI too, right? Yeah, it has like an image shell, I think it's named. So you plug it and then you can... It's a Type-C alt mode to display port or to HDMI directly. And that one can also do 120Hz on the external display. Did you try that? No, I did not try that, but it should be. That's pretty cool. But it's only duplicating the screen, so if it's able to do it on the regular screen, you should be able to do it on the... And there's a Snapdragon 835, right? Yeah. Now there's an 845 coming next month, so it'd be interesting for you.  The 25 of February, we're gonna get the S9. Are you going to Barcelona? Do you want to check all the phones? No. You probably should. I used to be. You need to have a space at the Qualcomm booth, I think. Maybe. Because you're probably interested to make sure that you have best Snapdragon 845 support, because maybe many other phones or many other devices will come with 120Hz. Yeah, definitely. We would love to have a space in the Qualcomm booth. I'm not sure what's planned, but maybe, yeah. Just an idea. And how about iOS support? Which one is better, Android or iOS support? iOS is doing a pretty good job in terms of audio decoding. Apple has optimized their phone to decode video pretty well. So you connect to their APIs and everything to get their video decode hardware accelerated? Yeah, we used a layer to do audio decoding. Basically, it's almost the same code on Mac and on iPhone. So you can see that Apple really think through their APIs when doing Mac and doing iPhone and doing stuff. They have impressive video acceleration solutions for software developers. They have some amazing video editing apps on iOS that they don't have on Android, which is sad. So how about what's called the Chromebooks are great? So the Chromebooks are on the Android apps, right? Yeah, we're using the same app on Chromebook as on Android. We did not develop a Chromebook app. It's just the Android app on the Chromebook? Yeah. How about Apple TV? Apple TV, it's something we plan. I do some testing, but it's not out yet. Because Apple TV is not iOS apps, right? Yeah, but still the same thing. It's still almost the same APIs as Apple and it's super easy to port from one another. So do you work on the Windows apps? Also, yeah. So there's Windows 32, 64 and 64 beta, I see. So what's new in beta? What's going to happen? Beta is mostly the support for USB over IP. So USB over IP for... To connect your hard drive? Yeah, so you can connect your hardware, your webcam, your mic, basically all your peripherals. Like you want to use your stick to drive planes or whatever and you can do that. But can you connect the mouse and keyboard before or also? Yeah, but... USB over IP is more than just mouse and keyboard. Yeah, you could use like the Chrome app software for example on Razer or like the Fnatic, like Changer or stuff like this. But it's called beta because it's not perfect? Yeah, because it's... Some bugs? Lots of bugs. What bugs? I don't know, crash, random crashes. But you and your team are just busy every day, right? Yeah. It's probably hard, what's called... How is the work in Shadow? How many guys and engineers and stuff? We have like 12 guys that are like developing software and then we have like five guys working on the VM and then we have ten guys working on the infrastructure and system administration. Infrastructure is a big deal. It's like server gurus, right? You need to design the server systems. Yeah, they design the room, they design the server, they design how to end all the software and everything, it's amazing. What's the secret algorithm to hand off the CPU from one user to the other to make sure that... Is that your secret sauce? Yeah, it's secret sauce. Because you need to have a whole bunch of stuff going on. People can have... As long as they keep their windows running, they still have their dedicated PC. The secret sauce is something I can't really share with you but what I can tell is that we have enough hardware to fit all of our users. So right here, we have the meltdown. It's a cool eSports bar. Let's go back in just one second. I heard that here at this bar, they have 70 megabits. Yeah. And there's one, two, three, four, five. Five, six. And there's six running on 17 megabits. And up there, so there's like 10 megabits is enough. Yeah. Yeah, 10 megabits is enough. I would recommend using at least 15 to get the best quality. And the more bandwidth you have, the more quality you will get. All right. Let me check with some of the users over there what they think. I'm going to ask them. Thanks. Hey. Hey, what's up? Hey, guys. Did you play on the machine? Yes, we did. Did you win? Oh yeah, we did. So you're in the final or win? We're just semi-final right now. Can we stand over here one second? Yeah, sure. So right here. What do you think about this? Did you know that it was a shadow? It's not, it's like a server. Yeah. Oh, I didn't know that before the staff told us the shadow is just... But it just feels like a normal... Yeah, it does. It actually feels like a normal laptop or gaming laptop. No slowdown? No, not at all. It feels like a local computer, right? Yeah, it feels like a local computer and it saves lots of space, right? What gaming machine do you have? I have an Alienware. It was a high-end, the best laptop gamer in the Bios, right? No, I had it for like a couple years now, so... But a couple years ago it was a best? Yeah, but a couple years ago it was really good. With the fastest GPU, CPU, everything. I believe so, yeah. And what do you think? Do you think it would be cool to have something like that? Yeah, for sure. That's why I'm here, right? That's why I want to win this. So it's possible. Maybe it's the winner. Yeah, there's a possibility. How many games more is needed before you win? Two more. Two more? If I win two more, I will win the whole game. It's possible you will win? The first one is special one. The second one is special three. If we win all of them, then we win the whole game. Cool. Okay, good luck. Yeah, thank you so much. Cool. How's it been going the tournament so far? There's been no bugs at all? So far, everyone seems pretty happy. So I'm going to say go ahead and say yes. But honestly, I think their work for it. So... So there's been no slowdowns at all? I think it's been smooth. Yeah, everything has been good. Is it just like zero issues? Are you recording any bugs or anything? No, the shadows have been pretty fine.   We have work, so... I think that is fiber. What's it called? It's just a 70 megabit download, right? Yeah, but that is fiber in London. We have two of them, but yeah. You could maybe upgrade to one of the... The new one ultra fast. It's not available in most of London. Welcome to UK Internet. It's a wonderful thing. But the thing is, for most users, if you have 30 megabytes at home, that's absolutely enough. But we're obviously trying to run five at the same time. And we have two 70 lines and it's working fine, so... Yeah, I mean... There's some parts of London where you can get 200, but this is not one of them. There's very small parts of London, like Short Itch and, you know, just around St. Pancras, but... So it's going to be an interesting future in the next few weeks, and you'll have more and more use out of this, right? Do all kinds of different tournaments or is it mainly the league legends? No, so we have a weekly schedule, usually, where we do Smash 4, like Dota, like PUBG, and then basically we cover all different games. And then on weekends we do different stuff, so we do hard phone, fortnite, smite, basically every league of legends, of course, we do every week as well. So pretty much whatever you're into... Some of the more higher demanding games, too, right? Yeah, yeah. Yeah, I mean, the upside of Shadow is basically any issues we have are kind of connection-related, so they're not going to really make any difference while you're playing a very demanding game or a less demanding one, because their data center has all the technology to run anything, so, yeah. Maybe you could pull one of those cables into the direct fiber, get a gigabit in here. It'd have to be a really long cable. There's no gigabyte a bit available here, that's the problem, otherwise we would have it, but if you run maybe a 10-mile cable from here, then maybe you get to wherever the gigabit is, but it's not here. Cool, thanks a lot. Starting from 15 megabits, so here in the UK, people can just sign up, right now, at 26, 27 pounds per month, and do some high-end gaming. So, the connection from London to your server in France is the same as from Paris to the server? Precisely. The same speed, everything is like local. Exactly, yeah. So actually there's more lag time maybe from the display than from this to the server? Yeah. It just sounds like magic. It sounds like very men's.


Hi I'll I have to say I was very impressed with this presentation. It's like a detective story and Every basic scientist should really See as many of these as they can because it actually makes you believe that What you're doing could eventually help somewhere and definitely gives you an extra oomph. I would have to say very impressive So I'm going to Talk about kind of a side project from my lab that has morphed into What we hope is kind of an independent independent way of Conducting a new study and it has to do with glaucoma so As you know, it's one of the leading causes of blindness in the world and The genes are really not that well known So people often talk in terms of risk factors and there are many of them including race age family history and so on But the primary risk factor is an increase in interocular pressure and This is also one of the best ways to diagnose this disease. So just to show you the the relationship an increase in Eye pressure makes it increasingly likely that somebody has in fact developed glaucoma now in contrast to photoreceptor diseases, it's often very hard for the patient to tell that they are going blind The disease is in the periphery and there is a lot of central compensation and Somebody can lose like 30 to 50 percent of axons of ganglion cells before they start thinking that There's something wrong with before they go to see an ophthalmologist. So Basically, it can be difficult to diagnose and The problem is also that there is no treatment for the ganglion cells that have been lost so the best one can do is try to Manage the IOP And so in order to help these people it is really crucial to be able to detect things early and to treat IOP early and You of course know this very well how you know how the increased IOP arises, but I'll just quickly mention that Lens in order for the lens to function it we can have blood vessels. So Basically the way these living cells in around the lens are fed is through the fluid secreted from the cellular body and that fluid fluid has to go somewhere and It drains into the venous system through the Schlimm's canal now if there is a prompt mismatch between the production and the outflow there is an increasing pressure and The the structure that is affected however is Here so it's the optic nerve especially the optic nerve head and the retinal ganglion cells which start to die So it's action at a distance. It's like somehow the retinal cells can tell that there is a mechanical Stimulus going on and it and they don't like it So this is a very simplistic View of the retina and all the layers. These are the ganglion cells which are the neurons that are sending the actions to the brain and some very kind of quick pictures that I made are This is the retina and here are the axons that are collected from the ganglion cells going to work towards optic nerve head This is optic nerve head here. You see it's collecting the axons and Another picture is shown here the axons are going into the optic nerve head and then to the optic nerve and I would just like to quickly Mention that the treatment again is limited to the interior chamber. So there are Drugs that modulate the Sympathic and parasympathic systems and they are also lasering surgery options But apparently they have side effects and one would like to avoid them even if one can now What about the posterior retina? There is really The there has been a lot of controversy and a lot of speculation as to what is killing these cells and a lot of the mechanisms that have been implicated into into this are sort of Gliosis in the production of reactive oxygen species various cytokines then Infestation with macrophages coming in It has been proposed that there the blood vessels are getting constricted. So there is hypoxia happening, but Some people have thought it's purely mechanical constriction of the lamina crebrosa, for example, but really it's not known and what There have been a lot of studies trying to modulate cell death in ganglion cells various Glutamate system blockers neurotrophic factors antioxidants and so on but basically it has been Stunningly ineffective. So it is as if we we don't really understand the mechanism through which pressure is impacting these cells so basically What I'm going to tell you about today is Some thoughts and experiments that we have done or and trying to convince you that maybe we have identified that point of impact between pressure and Intracellular physiology of retinal ganglion cells So and that is I will be talking about the general principle of mechanosensation in retinal new which hasn't really not been addressed before and the point is that Every cell in our body is in kind of isometric tension state. So it has to Feel its neighbors. It's it's that we have specialized mechanoreceptors Which detects mechanical stimuli pressure things like that but in some way every cell in our body is also a mechanoreceptor because it has to Coordinate its activity to its name and and What we know about Kind of real mechanoreceptive cells is that the Process of mechanosensation is always associated with influx of calcium Now calcium I won't go into this deeply but basically calcium is one of those magical Messenger molecules which do that's pretty much everything in the cell Name a cellular reaction calcium has to regulate it at some way And if the calcium goes very high because it's so ubiquitous it basically kills the cells and it's Practically goes without saying that a cell that is undergoing this process of degeneration Is going to have high calcium in some way or another But here we want to Investigate whether the process of mechanosensation itself Is associated with changes in calcium if it is Then when we stimulate the cell in mechanical way, we should see an increase in calcium concentration So do they have stretch sensitive calcium permeable do the retinal ganglion cells have Stretch sensitive calcium permeable channels Now one easy way to look at these channels is to stretch the cell through a hypotonic stimulus so in this way Water comes in it stretches the membrane and If you do if you do too much the cell is going to explode But if you just a little bit then you have kind of a harmless And What we do is we take a ganglion cell from the mouse retina With two types of indicator dies one of them is called calcium and this is basically it's a despite its name It's a calcium independent dye that just measures the volume So if the cell volume is going to increase the calcium fluorescence out of it It should go down because it's diluted Then we put another indicator in this is called furia 2 and it's a calcium indicator die So this die tells us exactly what the calcium concentration is so then To stretch the cell and see what happens to the calcium signal here is an example This is a calcium signal we Stimulate with a hypotonic Stretch and we see and decrease so clearly we know that the cell has has expanded And this is a calcium signal here We stimulate with glutamate which as you know stimulates glutamate receptors which are very many of them are very calcium permeable So we know this is a ganglion cell because we see this huge calcium Increase in glutamate and then when we stretch we see this very significant response now know that this This is a saturated concentration of glutamate, which is one of the most powerful excitatory molecules in our brain and look how big the signal is here with a relatively small stretch so So we said well we have something there these cells have stretch sensitive channels and They are in the plasma membrane because when we do this stretch Enormous saline this is what we see and when we repeat it in the calcium-free saline This is what we get so we don't see anything This means that this is a channel which is in the membrane And Now we were able to block it with an ion called gadolinium and why is this important? this is important because gadolinium is a blocker of a particular superfamily of calcium permeable channels called trip channels and There is another blocker called ruthenium red and it is just as good and inhibitor as Gadolinium so we were pretty sure we have one of these channels But there are a lot of them and I mean a lot and they're several super families and each family has many isoforms and All of them are affected by these two non-selective inhibitors so we made a few bets and we Chased several Pathways and I'll just focus on one So when we look at these channels, we see that pretty much all of them are expressed in the retina and I have to tell you that basically Nothing is known about this It's a very hot top in neuroscience in general, but but retina really lags behind and If you look into the literature, it's it's it's a pretty much virgin field. There is nothing going on or very little so we have Focused on one particular Element there isoform it's called trip v4 for Transcent receptor potential vandaloid 4 and the reason why this channel is so interesting is That it acts as an integrator of many different kinds of stimuli So it's not only mechanical sensitive and pressure sensitive. It is temperature sensitive So if you increase the temperature, you will hugely regulate its ability to conduct calcium It is it is activated by arachidonic acid which directly can connect it to the inflammation mechanisms anywhere and It's it is localized to kidney and Non-excitable cells, but it is very strongly expressed in sensory neurons Like send neurons that sense that regulate our osmotic balance in the body The spinal cord door does the root ganglion neurons and also hippocampal neurons so We look for this channel in the retina and we find the mRNA and we also find the protein Now we tried 10 different antibodies and they all gave us the same standing in the knockout until we finally Stumbled upon an antibody that works really well. So this is the Western blood This is in the knockout. This is the wild type and then we expressed the gene in Hexels and and we see a signal with this antibody versus controls And we know the antibody is good because when we look at the tissue that has This channel characterized and we know it's there We get nice staining and we don't see anything in the knockout. So we have so now we have a way to look at this Where is it localized in the red? now Okay, it's not doesn't Translate perfectly, but basically if you look at this picture you see is so close to ganglion cells these are ganglion cell markers called brin 3a and they label the cell body of a ganglion cell and These are the plasma membrane around them. So as you can see you can can see here So we have now identified a pressure-sensitive channel that seems to be very strongly expressed in retinal ganglion cells Now this is a transgenic retina expressing GFP in ganglion cells and with this is double labeling and you see there is a pretty strong color equalization and The green things here are Miller cells and I'll be talking about them if I have time later now we expressed trip before in A construct which has gfp behind it engineered to have gfp because so when we stain for gfp We know where trip before is expressed and it's very strongly expressing ganglion cells again And nothing is in the non-expressing retinas. So so now again additional confirmation When we look at isolated cells we see the ones that's labeled for ganglion cell markers But not for other markers co-localized with trip before This is just another example here you here. It's difficult to see but they are literally like hundred cells or more but only the ganglion cells label with the Antibody and now finally we are looking from the top and we are looking a whole bunch of ganglion cells With with a marker here This is a ganglion cell marker and we look at superposition of the green dots which is trip before Where the ganglion cell markers we see this puncta, which are pretty much focused on the ganglion and The puncta are very interesting because they suggest there is a lot of trafficking going on of this protein So it may be a very dynamic thing, which is something we want to look at in the future now I just wanted to it's not showing very well But basically what this shows is that this the trip before is not expressed in GABA urgent amicron cells Which is something that retinal physiologists care a lot and it's very it's it's very interesting because it shows that the modulatory mechanisms are not expressing expressing this pressure sensitivity and Now going back to the optic nerve head Which is where the major impact of pressure in in the eye is supposed to occur. This is the this these are Ubiquitous stain hematoxilin stain. I think and so on this is a staining for Astrocytes which are feeding the ox axons as they are acting exiting the retina and When we look at the optic nerve head So here here are the axons Exiting the retina you see it's very strongly Expressing this trip before channel. It's perhaps the strongest signal anywhere. So this region, which is Exquisitely sensitive to pressure. It's is also Strongly expressing this pressure sensitive It's not it's the channel is not expressing astrocytes themselves These are two different pictures one of them is from the retina the red is gfap Which is an astrocyte marker the green is the trip before and this is from the optic nerve itself And you see the red and the green don't call localized. So we know it's not expressing the astrocytes It's not expressed in microglia So again, these are the ganglion cells doesn't come through very well These are the microglial cells and there is no Colocalization at all. So this is important because these are the immune cells that are kind of driving a lot of Pathological remodeling in glaucoma now How about the physiology when we isolate these cells and we stimulate them with very specific Highly selective antagonists. We see that the huge calcium increases So and when we measure the diameters of cells that respond to these agonists and Compare them to diameters of identified retinal ganglion cells through very specific markers We see that they're pretty much perfectly superimposed so we now have reason to believe that Activation of this channel is in has It's almost as important as glutamate as far as the calcium levels are concerned. This is how it looks like This is a photoreceptor. This is a ganglion cell. This is a glutamate stimulation and this is Selective agonist and this is nanomolar levels You see there there is a calcium increase and not only that the calcium increase Desensitizes so the response to glutamate is sustained But in the presence of this agonist or membrane stretch calcium comes down So this will be important Presently we can block it again with ruthenium red And also with gadolinium. So we know again. We confirm it's a tripp channel And it doesn't occur in zero calcium just like with a membrane stretch So we know we confirm it's a It's a membrane channel and then Daniel the grad student in the lab did a very clever experiment He the question of course was okay We have a channel that Responses to stretch and we have a channel that responds to very selective agonists, but are they the same? So what he did was he used the ability of the channel to desensitize? To then stimulate with GSK to include the response and there was nothing and when he waited a long time 45 minutes or something of half an hour. He was able to get a GSK response So we know now that The principal channel that is making these cells sensitive to pressure is trip before now This channel is not there to kill the cells right it has to do something in normal physiology of the retina and Wouldn't it be interesting if the retinal cells were actually? Putting the information about retinal pressure into the spiking pattern that they are communicating To the brain wouldn't it be interesting if what we see actually has a pressure component to it So what we did was we took the entire retina Put it on to a multi-electrode array. That's a ray of like 64 electrodes So we can record from 60 ganglion cells at the same time and then we stimulated with this selective agonist And what you see one of this is one is called for alpha PDD and you see when we applied There is an increase in spiking. This is like spiking rate. So this will be like 40 spikes per second 60 spikes per second in a huge proportion of cells and in fact Just with this agonist we see about 60 to 90 percent of cells are responding so Pretty much consistent with our physiology showing that every ganglion cells has these these channels This is the GSK another one Showing that the firing rate increases rapidly after application of this Agonist and it also Desensitize is just like calcium does in our imaging studies and the the change in the firing rate is more than for a hundred fold so what that means is That pressure is capable of Producing an excitatory component that is an integral part of our visual signal in the brain Now I mentioned this is also temperature sensitive channel We haven't looked into this very much But we just did one simple experiment where we raise temperature to 37 degrees from 25 37 is the optimal range of activation for trip before and we see an increase in calcium So it's something we're interested in pursuing further Now what does this do for survival of the cells if you stimulate for a long time? One way of looking at this is to do a so-called tunnel assay which labels dying cells Basically, so if you stimulate them with a glutamate agonist for a long time the number of green cells which are the tunnel positive cells will increase and This will be a sign of cells entering the apoptotic process What happens if you do this with this trip before agonist what happens is you strongly increase the number of green cells so this is under This is now GSK with small diameter cells, which would be like photoreceptors and Amicron cells and there is pretty much no effect very little effect on survival And we looked at large diameter cells which are ganglion cells mainly and there is a huge effect of those dependent effect of this trip before agonist what this means is that Mechanical sensation or just pure trip before stimulation is Going to kill ganglion cells if it happens Strongly or if it happens for a sustained period of time and we think this happens because calcium is increased And we would like to test this in many ways We have just received a trip before knockout mice And we want to see if we can prevent like a cutochronic local With by deleting this particular channel So basically we find that memory stretching juices enter of calcium into ganglion cells. They're expressed these channels They the channels control spiking And if you stimulate them for a long time You you can kill them now the story is so it basically this channel would integrate a lot of different stimuli not just pressure so There are a cadonic acid temperature is osmotic stimuli especially and You can imagine that if somebody has a mutation in this channel They it could conduct calcium at normal pressure, right? So this would account for like low-tension glaucoma, for example, and it turns out that just last year They have been a flurry of papers in nature and nature neuroscience things like that showing that trip before mutations cause very very severe skeletal dysplagias and Hearing loss visual dysfunction so We are now thinking about doing the sequencing from glaucoma patient and see if we can target this channel we just looked at visual acuity and Acuity itself Doesn't seem to be different now now Basically there is another thing that I would like to talk about so I talked about these Channels expressed in ganglion cells and what I would like now to talk about a little more is they are also expressed in Miller cells and the Miller cell is an incredibly Important cell in the retina some ignored but basically this cell spans the entire radius and feeds and integrate signals across these layers very important cell and if we Label it for Miller cells. This is what we see you see that it's this radial organization And when we label it double label it with three before we see it's mostly in Ganglion cells the green but there is some yellow here and this yellow is Collocalization with the Miller cell And but the Miller cell responds very differently from the ganglion cells Yeah, I told you that the ganglion cell Desensitizes in response to three before activation, right Miller cell on the other hand responds with huge calcium which are sustained as long as the Stimulus is present this would mean that This is really the cell that is going to be much even more sensitive to pressure So how does this look like here is a Gang here So this is you will see now we are added three before agonist and if This resolution would be better You would see that not only cat serum goes up But there is a whole bunch of waves going back and forth and another thing you would have seen Thank you is that this photoreceptor here starts to respond Together with a ganglion cell so when this guy goes up sometimes this guy lights up That would suggest that some factors are being released from the glial cell That are impacting the the photoreceptor So Yeah, here are the waves Okay, so thank you now We can block these waves by Blocking calcium release from intracellular stores, and I won't go into this very deeply today, but basically It's every cell has ability to store calcium in Endoplasm Criticulum and it can store huge amount, right? So basically then it can release them upon stimulation in it releases them through a receptor called rionidin receptor So the idea is calcium comes in bansion receptor in it gets this it acts as an amplifier to release calcium out of the cell and what we are what we Thinking then is that not the reason one reason why this response is sustained is that calcium comes in through the trip before channel it activates this release and then Explodes the concentration in the side of soul and basically we find this by by blocking it with a particular blocker of the calcium stores and This is Unseeable, but basically I wanted this would show that these waves are blocked when we antagonize the calcium release from stores now How about the glaucoma? This is a mouse model with severe glaucoma, and you see it's Lacking the ganglion cells which are the Brin 3a positive signals here and the mRNA for Brin 3a goes down and We were surprised to find that the trip before MRA and Renee goes up So because we know these retinas have very few ganglion cells This means that the Miller cells have not regulated the trip before signal that even more sensitive to pressure than they were before and When we look at the staining we see now the trip before staining is Way increased in the retina and these are the Miller cell signals here And so we have evidence to believe that now the signal is not only in the Miller cells It's also in the astrocytes So somehow the regulation is going high what haywire and We are not the first to think about this. This is a paper From sensory neurons, which they've stimulated Chronically with a mechanical stimulation and they found that the mRNA and protein go up when during chronic following chronic stimulation So what about other mechanisms? We find that in glaucoma the this ryanidine receptor which Provides a boost. It's like a rocket fuel for the calcium signaling. It's hugely increased One particular isoform This is this is the chronic glaucoma these these are controls and these are isoforms don't change at all So and the increase is more Significant in severe glaucoma compared to early glaucoma so somehow The cells are interpreting an increase in pressure as as stimulus for hypertrophy and augmented signaling and We find that So this is how of this ryanidine signal looks in the wild type You see that it's mostly in neurons. It doesn't co-localize with Miller cells. It doesn't co-localize with astrocytes It's very strongly expressed in the optic nerve head again. No co-localization with glial cells and This is now in glaucoma. This is control. This is moderate glaucoma This is severe glaucoma and you see it's very strongly expressed in Miller cells And what is very interesting now is we see that Tripp v.4 Collocalizes with a molecule called aquaporin 4. This is a water channel in That Regulates osmotic osmotic function basically so these again the red unorganic cells expression to be for the green Is aquaporin 4 which is expressed in Miller cells? So basically what this says is that this pressure sensitive channel is right next to a water pore so What the Miller cells are doing a major function in the retina is to control the osmotic flux People have been looking for years to actually identify how they do it and we are pretty sure that we know what's going on and in glaucoma the Ganglion cells are mostly gone, but now there is a product huge Gliosis and huge upregulation of these aquaporin channels as well as 3p4. So We are start starting to kind of put together some very qualitative models about what is going on We are thinking that both ganglion cells and Miller cells are intrinsically pressure sensitive They both respond to calcium And but these guys respond in a sustained way and may be able to release all kinds of Inflammatory and neurotrophic and Toxic factors that impact And impact the remodeling of ganglion cells. So it's something that we are considering now Now I would just like to mention something else and and finish with that so we just like Dr. Hageman here is Thinking about AMD and systemic kind of effects that we have started thinking in the same way now a Lot of glaucoma patients our systemic hypertensives so In fact 72% so how about should be for signaling in these in these patients we just look in the mouse of course and We find in Tremendous up regulation of of this trip before channel in the kidney of A mouse with glaucoma minus with glaucoma. So maybe there is something just like Greg is saying With respect to AMD and maybe something similar is happening glaucoma in these trip before channels And we don't really know how to think about that, but a kind of open to suggestions so basically we find that Miller cells but not not astrocytes or microglia express this channel it It's working by activating calcium waves through The Miller cell and what that means is now the whole retina can see what's going on because these waves go up and down nothing down and This this mechanism is operating like up regulated During glaucoma and may have a role in Gliosis that is a hallmark of glaucoma in the mouse model that we study the Miller hypertrophy have the cell happens months before the ganglion cells start to die and This may be part of some kind of a systemic dysregulation although that is not clear at all So this is my group here at Utah and we have very good collaborators here around I mean around the country and I would like to thank John Moran Tiger Award, which was basically Responsible for us doing this study. My lab is a photoreceptor lab What we are funded by NIH and so on and we were not experts on ganglion cells at all but after a conversation with Randy He said this is interesting and he gave us some money and this is how we came to this project So thank you Well, these mice are hypertension. Oh, these mice have increased IOP But we don't have a way to measure the blood pressure. So that would be interesting Yeah, if we have them we would measure


We have it. Look at these beautiful tires. I'm going to get inside and see if we're all right. Okay. Sure. I'll get out right away. Thank you. Awesome. So we decided whilst we're getting a lot of stuff done, we are going to get some new tires. And guess which tires? I'll show you the tires. Those are the tires that we're going for. Trail Max missions. Do you know these tires? So for those of you that have been watching the series from the beginning, you'll know that we actually started on Trail Max missions. So it's really cool after two other tires to go back to these awesome best tires in the world. I'm excited. So good. Happy in the live. How does she look?  That's so cool. Wow. And look at these tires. We're finally back on Trail Max missions after such a long time. Look at that. The chain looks so clean as well. Look at the chain. Incredible. It's got the silver color back. Look at that. So good. Really happy. Feel this. Look, no bounce. Do we even have suspension in there? Hey, I was checking out your channel, man. Oh, hey, how's it going? Thank you. You want to be in it and say something to the camera? We were thought put you in there. I don't care. Thank you. Okay. Thank you. Thank you. All the best. Ready, my love? Yes. Let's do it. Let's do it. No. Seriously, it feels so incredibly good. It does, hey. Feel the roundness of the tires. Yeah. Like, wait, let's go over a bump. Wow. It doesn't bounce. It doesn't bounce. Hey, this has been what I'm used to. Woo. I'm really happy you. I'm really happy you. That's so brilliant. So I'll explain to you guys in a minute what we had done, how much everything cost, but we're just going to wait for Doug and Michelle to come out. They're not behind us. Oh, they're there. Yes. Okay. We're going to follow them back to their place. So then I think we're going out for burgers after. Awesome. Yeah, well, Doug and Michelle, they have been treating us like kings and queens here. Like, I don't want to leave their place anymore. Yeah, yeah. It's been a really nice couple of days so far whilst we were waiting and getting everything sorted with Bumblebee. And we've been like eating out loads of places. And tomorrow they're going to show us around San Diego. I absolutely love these guys. And I love the USA. It's just so cool. Yeah, we're having great time for sure. Yeah. And the weather of San Diego is just perfect. It's like all the time, not too hot, nice and cool, but very sunny. And San Diego is just such a nice place. Incredible. Doug and Michelle bought us some new gloves. They've just been absolutely amazing. So let me tell you guys about what we've done with Bumblebee then. So changed the tires, of course, to the Dunlop Trailmax missions. We got our suspension sorted. We actually took the suspension over to a suspension specialist called Suspension 101. But how many times did I just say suspension? So Fun Bike Center, the place that we just left, they were kind of the core of all this work because they're the ones who actually took apart Bumblebee. They gave us the suspension. We took it over to Suspension 101. They gave us the wheels. We took them over to the tire shop to get them changed. We brought it all back to them. In the meantime, they did all the service. So they changed the oil, the oil filter, the air filter. They changed a couple of brake pads. They greased everything up that needed greasing. Cleaned everything up to such an amazing standard. Yeah, it was super greasy, actually. But all the grease is gone. So it looks super clean and super nice. Of course, they checked all the bearings. Yeah, exactly. Because we got that bearing replaced in Nicaragua. Oh, wow. No bueno, eh? No bueno. And we weren't sure if that new bearing that we put in was any good. So they checked all that out. They greased everything up. So basically just really get Bumblebee ready for this next leg so that we can be really confident that Bumblebee is literally in tip-top shape. And the answer from them is that Bumblebee is in tip-top shape. Everything is looking really good. So we have nothing to worry about. Everything's great. So it cost us around 450 US dollars for the tires and the tire change. It cost us about $330 for the suspension work. It cost us $730 for everything that Fundbikes Centre did. So in total, we're looking at about $1,500 all in, which is about £1,200. Yes. Not a cheap visit to San Diego, that's for sure. No. But I mean, like what can we do? We've got this next leg coming up, going all through Asia, all through Central Asia, all the way back to Europe. And Bumblebee had to be ready for that. And we needed to be in a place where if we needed parts, we could get parts. There's not that many people that can rebuild suspensions. The shock inside the spring was pretty damaged, pretty broken up after us bouncing on it for a month. So, you know, if it wasn't for this guy being able to actually rebuild that, fix it, rather than replace it, if we had to replace it, we would have been looking at an extra $1,000 on top. But overall, I'm really happy. And it's just that peace of mind that we are now ready for the next leg and everything is looking amazing. Yeah, for sure. So that's kind of everything we wanted to tell you for now. On this beautiful sunny afternoon here in San Diego, we're going to be here for the weekend. And our plan is to leave on Monday, heading for our next leg. But we're going to tell you about that in the morning. On Monday. On Monday. Yes.


Today guys, I bring you the showcase of this. Well it's a grenade launcher, an amazing one at that. How's it going guys, my name's DPJ and if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps out and if you like what you're seeing want to see more be sure to subscribe. So you guys want to get your hands on this before anybody else? Well to do so drop a like on this video and leave a comment down below with your game antagon platform of choice in which you play on. I'll send the copper out to you. Otherwise this can only be got from open lobbies on my discord linked within the video description or from the creator's facebook page. So this was made by Azurak who creates some of the craziest things I've ever seen. Credit to him for sure and if you want to join one of his open lobbies to do so join his facebook page. Loot Squad, my link below. You should definitely check them out. So this weapon, it's right up my street. This is the kind of uniqueness I absolutely love. I mean this thing is truly incredible. So this has been edited to resemble a grenade launcher and well it's the best I've ever seen. It does that job incredibly. Now this weapon is powerful but it isn't OP. Well it ain't now because it was before. But using it for a few hours of testing it all over the place it's unlike anything I've seen in this game. I just wish my Digiclon could get the hang of it.  Now this legendary is based on a rare shotgun called the Black Flame and to be honest I don't think I can recall ever seeing this weapon. But this is a legendary modded version of it which obviously is on another level. It is truly something else. So it's so unique compared to what I'm used to using this game. It just feels brand new and that's probably why I like it so much. So this Black Flame Grenade Launcher made by Azorak is one of the better made modded weapons I think I've used. So fun it's crazy. Now guys if you like the look of this thing and don't want to get your hands on it it's pretty simple. Like I say just drop a like on the video and leave a comment down below of the platform you play on and your game tag. Or join my Discord or Azorak's Facebook page all linked within the video description. But yeah people my name is DPJ and this has been a showcase of this incredible custom made grenade launcher and trust me you will not want to miss out on this thing. It's unlike anything I've used in this game for a long long time it just feels brand new and that's what I like about these modded weapons. And on that note the end of the video has arrived. I hope you guys enjoyed it I really do. If you want to see more BR3 videos be sure to subscribe and if you never want to miss a video upload you can turn on notifications or on by hitting that bell button. Well guys thanks as always for stopping by, hopefully you enjoyed the video and hopefully I'll see you on the next one.


Yeah, I think that's the distinction in the course workbook where it talks about you have real thoughts, but you're not aware of them. In other words, real thoughts are inspirational. You know, they're in and of the spirit. And therefore, you know, they can seem to involve actions. You know, there was in the play that we call Jesus' life, there was inspiration. I'm sure there was many, many inspirations along the way, and then, wow, during those three years of public ministry when he was just totally identified with the Holy Spirit, that was like pure inspiration. There was a movie playing there, and there was all these actors, and there was the Jesus' character, and all these seeming miracles that happened that people wrote about for centuries afterwards. They were still writing about those because they're so extraordinary. They're so transcendental. They're just out of pattern. They don't fit in with the ways of the world. But you might say that was just an inspired life. That's an example of an inspired life as far as in the world, the inspired use of the puppet. And that's what you're aiming for. You know, the purpose is not really the disappearance of the universe. You know, the purpose is being guided, being inspired. And through that inspiration, having your mind become vertical, becoming lined up with God and with spirit, and then that just expresses. So you don't make these distinctions in form. Sometimes people think of stillness as a body having to sit still in some kind of a lotus position and so on and so forth. You know, even things like psychic abilities or psychokinesis or levitating or these kind of things, those really are just like little offshoots, little symbols along the way. But the grand experience is this state of vertical alignment. You don't even stop for the trinkets, you know. There's one man who's been here a number of times to the monastery. Some of you remember Joe, but he wrote me this long email about a week or two ago where he actually, he has so many interpersonal struggles with women and with dating and everything that, you know, he was terrified of having a relationship. And yet he knew that the spirit was like calling him in that direction to move through his unconscious stuff in a faster way. And so he wrote to me this big long email and then he said, oh, I went down to LA and I actually watched a woman levitate. And he said, but that was nothing. The real miracle is, I'm dating an attractive Chinese woman. You know, that was at the end. The levitating woman, yeah. Yeah, that's fine. But his fear of intimacy, his fear of facing his own stuff was much greater in his mind. And so he said this is the real miracle. I'm dating this attractive Chinese woman. So he was happy to talk about that because, you know, deep down we know we have to face our fears. We have to face our darkness. We have to let the darkness arise. We have to, we have to let it come up and out. We can't keep pushing it down and hiding from it and keeping the lid on it. That's really a beautiful kind of sign that what we're doing, you know, and that's again, that's how we talk about relationships. That's how we talk about mind training. That's what we're encouraging and inspiration. There's going to be lots of inspiration and more and even more and even more as you get more focused and more open to it. And it will be, it will end up being what seems to be a life of inspiration in all ways in which all kinds of things will come through. And you're not, like, so focused on the disappearance of the universe or, you know, seeing everything as an illusion. You know that's the direction that it's heading, but it's only heading that way through inspiration. It's not heading that way through words. It's not like a chant. You can't just say, this world is an illusion in so many hundred thousand times or a million times or trillion times like a mantra. And then you get some kind of on the five trillionth time, you know, ah, we did it. That's the number of the quantity required, you know. It just doesn't work that way. We have to do it through inspiration, not through kind of trying to say it in words or in the end reach it through words. You know, it's just, truth has not reached through words. I've been happy, even though David was very shy and very much a loner and da-da-da-da-da. I've been happy to let the inspiration come through in kind of an animated way. Kirsten would say, oh, you're definitely a talking mystic, you know. It's a lot of talking, but for some it's different. Ramana Maharshi was very, very different. It's still the same inspiration, though. You have to follow what your heart's telling you. You have to follow that deep passion and inspiration, because that's what gives you the impetus really to go all the way with it. That's like your energy. That's your focus, that inspiration. So, yeah.


Welcome. So, my name is Dario Tranquitella. Forgot the surname, I know it's really hard.  And I'm the CTO and at Classics, Classics is a startup. We are based in Italy. We are a multi-tenancy con and we are the leaders of multi-tenancy, according to us, of course. We can talk about that. But yeah, we are the company that developed Capsule and Kamaji that are two tools. I don't know if you ever heard of that. They are addressing multi-tenancy, both at the namespace and also at the multi-cluster management. And of course, I don't want to talk about what's multi-tenancy because you already know what is. And rather, I would like to talk about multi-tenancy for the GPU instances. So, in this slide, you can see that essentially, multi-tenancy is about the resource control, better isolation, security, and governance, and cost control. And for the GPUs, we are going just to focus about resource control and cost control, of course. So, what is a GPU workload? It's pretty straightforward because in the end, it's just a regular pod running in your cluster. But of course, we are not consuming the CPU. Well, we are consuming the CPU, but rather we are connecting to the GPU, the graphic process unit. And essentially, you just need to assign a runtime plus and you have to specify some extra requirements about resources. So, keep in mind that also here, you can notice in the resource limits, you have the NVIDIA COM GPU. So, this is a special key in the resource requirements that you can put in your pods. And these are available and orchestrated by an operator. So, if you're using the NVIDIA's GPUs, you can take advantage of these ones just to be sure that your pod is going to consume just one or two or more GPUs. So, it's pretty straightforward, essentially. There are plenty of companies and users deploying GPU workloads and Kubernetes. So, in the end, you just need to do that. But of course, we are talking about multi-tenancy. So, with multi-tenancy means that we have plenty of resources, you can imagine, a lot of virtual servers, a lot of virtual machines, a lot of memory, and we have the workloads that are consuming these fleet of resources. And we have our GPUs. So, the question is, can we have multi-tenancy at the GPU level? Long story makes short, nope. I'm sorry to say that. But it's more complicated. I'll try to elaborate a bit more. And I'm sorry because it's still something new for me, this, I was doing size-ravity stuff and now I'm developing multi-tenancy solutions. So, the GPU world is something new to me. So, I hope that I'm not saying something wrong. But essentially, with the GPUs, we cannot use the C groups. So, we can create namespaces, we can limit resources, but this is not possible with the multi-tenants, with the GPU instances. So, how can we do that? And, trust me, this is not a sales pitch. I'm not working for NVIDIA, but I'm just focusing on the NVIDIA's GPUs. So, essentially, you can assign the resources just to a single GPU. So, you have your part that is consuming all the resources from that GPU. Or, you can use the multi-incense GPU, also known as MIG, M-I-G. Keep in mind that there is also another option that is time slicing. So, essentially, it's like having the processes consuming the same GPUs and the operator, rather NVIDIA, the NVIDIA driver, is creating a time slice pretty similar to what you have with the CPUs. But that's really bad if you think about multi-tenancy because multi-tenancy can be addressed at the internal level. So, you have the company with several developers, your friend. But if you're doing multi-tenancy in a hostile environment, such as, I don't know, the hyperscalers, you don't want to share your memory with other tenants. So, if we are able to understand that, essentially, with multi-tenancy, thanks to the M-I-G, with the MIG, it's just a matter of deciding how much resources we would like to assign to specific tenants and which resources we would like to allocate. And, of course, these requirements can be addressed in several ways. And that's the reason why I'm presenting Capsule. I'm a bit biased because that was my first open-source project. Now, as being donated to CNCF, we have a kiosk on Thursday, if I recall correctly. So, say that we can meet there, we can talk about Capsule. And, essentially, it's a framework to create a multi-tenant environment. We have a lot of adopters and they're doing a lot of stuff. And they discover that they're doing also multi-tenancy at the GPU level. So, this is a brief overview of the architecture, but I'm not going to talk about the internals of Capsule. There are plenty of tutorials, videos, and, of course, you can reach out to me on the Kubernetes-like workspace to get more questions and answers. So, what I'm suggesting here, since we are working with some providers that would like to offer GPU as a service in a multi-tenant way, essentially, what you can do is to take full advantage of Capsule capabilities. And, as you can see here, with Capsule, you provide to the tenant owners the ability to create a namespace in a self-service way, at the same time also enforcing some policies. Of course, with Capsule, you are supporting a lot of stuff, but since we are just talking about multi-tenancy for the GPUs, you have to enforce the runtime classes. So, we support the exit match, the reject match, but, in this case, it's just a matter of selecting the GPUs according to the product. And then, of course, it's not just a matter of runtime classes, but what you can do is also to say, I want to consume how many GPU instances, so one, two, three, it's up to you. This is everything orchestrated by the NVIDIA operator, so it's just a matter of applying these annotations, well, not annotations, but these keys to resource quotas that Capsule is creating on your BIALF. So, as I said before, Capsule is totally open source. We are looking for maintainers, adopters, people that is doing something with Capsule. So, these are the GitHub repositories. As I said before, this is a CNCF sandbox project. We are looking also for the incubation. And since I'm talking here, this is not a sales pitch, of course. It's always open source. Since this customer, this provider, is looking for a solution to offer GPU as a service, we are creating a new project named Kate's GPU. And with Kate's GPU, essentially, we are providing a way to say, I want to install a virtual cubelet in my cluster, and this virtual cubelet is going to deploy my GPU workloads on a shared cluster that is multi-tenant aware. So, you can imagine maybe I have everything on AWS EKS or AKS or any other cloud provider, and I don't have GPUs because they are pretty expensive, I would say. So, what I can do is to achieve the GPU pooling thanks to the multi-tenancy, because of course, I can buy a GPU, but the problem is that how can I delocate the GPU? So, if we think about the pods, what we can achieve with multi-tenancy, thanks to Capsule, we can achieve a resource pooling, and we can obstruct all the complexity of managing GPU instances in a Kubernetes cluster. These are all the Slack workspace, the email if you want to figure out more information, and of course, you can recognize me from the t-shirt about the cluster passers, and thanks. That's all. For the Q&A, yeah. Thanks for your presentation. Is this working together with the new Kubernetes DRA, the Dynamic Resource Allocator, that enables, like, to have different GPU types on the same Kubernetes nodes and all those advanced capabilities? Is this working together with that, or is it alternative? Can you comment? Well, actually, I'm just working with the NVIDIA operator because I'm working with this provider that is NVIDIA partner, so I don't have any idea. I'm just working at the multi-tenancy level, so my duty is to say, these are the runtime classes that you can deploy, these are the limits that you have to enforce, and the developers, they don't need to know anything about the underlying requirements, so it's totally obstruct, I would say. So I'm sorry, I don't know how to answer your question. Thanks again.