What was last that news? My name is Robin Houston. We have a massive problem and that problem is deep fakes And what I'm talking about is there was a video was put out This is from accompanying it by the name of 11 labs showing their audio cloning technology And I'm gonna play this video. It's about 38 seconds or so But when you're listening to this think to yourself how easy it would be to fool a person into a scam Think how easy would be to fool a person who thinks it's a politician talking think how easy it would be for Men to believe it's a it's an actual head of state or a country or a military personnel Or something that could really damage people in the long run Just take a listen to this and tell me what you think not as an expert But as a concerned citizen Well the former the thousand people who marched in the streets of New York on Sunday And the billions of others around the world who want to solve our climate crisis As an actor I pretend for a living Play fictitious characters often solving fictitious problems I believe that mankind has looked at climate change in that same way as if it were a fiction Is it pretending that climate change wasn't real would somehow make it go away? But I think we all know better than that now scary stuff, right? So I put this on a Twitter and I said can Bitcoin fix this as a joke and then Some people like yeah, Bitcoin can fix that because I can do this I'm like I don't think that's remotely even possible and when I was getting to the point of was with was this I Still believe that Bitcoin can't fix everything and there is a place for other as people reluctantly will call them S coins So when I think about the things that could actually help us it'd be something like this This was an article that just dropped today European Union discusses using zero knowledge proofs For digital IDs first of all what the heck is a zero knowledge proof or ZK proofs and its most basic sense a zero-knowledge proof Thought of as a protocol through which a digital authentication process can be facilitated Without the use of any passwords or their sensitive data So just think about all the different email accounts that you log into all your bank accounts everything else and also think about all the Different personal data that you've had hacked that is floating around the internet That is what zero knowledge proof can get rid of and it also can do as far as Authentication which we can get rid of stuff like this. Hopefully as time goes on so as results No, no information either from the senators or receivers and can be compromised in any way. So we're talking about digital IDs Just wait actually gets pretty good with zero knowledge proof. So on February 9th research energy committee included the Standard of zero knowledge proofs in its amendments to the European Digital Identity Framework or EID And it was voted in by 55 votes to eight. So pretty good. It wasn't even close 55 Yes eight nay and this specifies that a you EU citizens would be granted full control of their data with the option to decide What information to share and with whom here's the statement the new EID would allow citizens to identify and Authenticate themselves online without having to resort to commercial providers like we just talked about as is the case today Practices of race trust security and privacy concerns and then another statement from Jonas Fredrickson the senior director for EU government affairs at circle first of all Circle the company that is responsible for US DC has a senior director for EU government affairs if you don't think Circle and their CBBC is gonna go is gonna go pretty far or excuse me. It's not see what you stable coin I'm sorry, it's gonna go far I mean just look at the people that they put in a power or around the world to kind of overlook what things are going on and Also, if you want to dig deep into the stable coin issue, especially with what is the security? What is not a security and Gary Gensler all things that were going on? We did a pretty comprehensive show on NFA live just just yesterday. It was me Ben and a guy from Coin Bureau went over a litany of different things I'm gonna link that in the description or explain a lot about how honestly I got some things wrong As far as with what the SEC is wanting and what exchanges are wanting as far as stable coins and state But I digress we'll get back to this piece and finish up Jonas states this the proposal would facilitate the emergence of new business models and Opportunities and the digital economy zero knowledge proofs So when we took a look at this and we and we think about AI says all AI generated We start to think about the jobs that are gonna be lost But I think it's just like in the late early mid to late 90s when the internet came about and people thought that all Their jobs we wiped out because the internet would take it. It's not the case It's just that the jobs would transform into something else I see there's a lot of people are gonna use the AI and they're gonna be massively wealthy and the ones That don't utilize this tool to help them scale are gonna fall behind But to finish up today as far as zero knowledge proofs When I think about zero knowledge proofs, I think it's a great technology I think about some projects one of those being polygon. I don't know this but polygon. They're going to launch their Mainnet their zero knowledge EVM on March 27th, and this has been quite some time coming So they're gonna help us out with privacy Hopefully a little bit through throughput and then I think they've already fixed the issue that they had with transaction costs and things like that actually In reverse so this looks pretty good for polygon as we're talking about zero knowledge proofs And now that you want to use them again Look at the companies or the products that are building in the bear because they will crush it in the bull on Top of that polygon There was a little statement from Ryan Wyatt Ryan is the president polygon labs and just announced that square onyx Has announced they're building on polygon. I don't know if you know square onyx But I always say that wrong but correct me in the comment section but they're responsible for this little game called Final Fantasy don't know if you heard about it seems to be pretty big with the kids and They are the ones that are gonna come out and say you know what we want to build on polygon on top of that You've had Disney Starbucks Nike also a platform. I've talked about before again, so Kishi They're also all building on polygon and a host of other things So I think polygon is doing pretty well and before we go on let me make things crystal clear. I'm super biased So the things that I talk about you have to understand I own all of them So I know that with like z-cash and snarks and z-kill ups and then that z-cash those are things I just don't own z-cash. I really never really got into it So don't talk about it too much. So it's up to you to do your own research But just know that if I'm talking about it on this channel, I own that crypto Just want to make that a hundred percent transparent and clear also Speaking of things that are moving in the right direction as far as with digital assets Sony eyes and investments in web three projects I'm gonna go over this because it's just a it's just an incubator program They're gonna roll out from March to June, but it looks like Sony, which is a pretty massive conglomerate globally They're gonna start to roll these things out and look into web three projects Which could help I think a little bit of notoriety and use case for crypto Now I just want to finish up with this the reason that I talked about That Bitcoin can't fix this is because it can't fix those those new fakes not to I can see right now And one of the things that I always concern me when I got into Crypto, I'm gonna concern me was it was it gave me hope is that other Bitcoin maxis they talked about how Bitcoin can fix everything Bitcoin is awesome all the rest of these different Solutions and projects. They're just there to take away Money for that you would put into Bitcoin and hold all and diamond hands forever And they said don't worry because we're gonna build everything on top of Bitcoin because it's the most secure Computerized network the entire planet and I bought in the narrative But now as I see things moving forward I kind of look at I'm like Why aren't we doing more things with Bitcoin? And here's a prime example and this will be the last story ordinals So ordinals if you don't know this just rolled out about a month ago or so. I was at the dates wrong, but What it is what it essentially does is that ordinals digital assets are inscribed directly onto Satoshi's The lowest the nomination Bitcoin without needing a sidechain or token developers that inscribe jpegs audio video and even video games To test the limits essentially it's Bitcoin NFTs and I just looked down like that's great Now I might slow, you know The process down for Bitcoin and might raise a little bit of fees, but I'm sure the miners don't mind But when I see this statement despite pushback from Bitcoin purists ordinals show no signs of slowing down I think to myself What are we doing? We talked about how Bitcoin could do anything and do everything and don't worry We'll build on it and now we get a new use case and the max is like no we don't want to do this So maybe I'm seeing this wrong. Let me know where I'm incorrect in the comment section But it's just concerning to me that we see a new utility and the max is like we don't want that It's only gonna be whatever they say it is for this week And then lastly I would have say if you want to see what's going on with ordinals There's a website linked in the description called gamma.io and it's kind of like the the open sea of Bitcoin NFTs You can just see how things are denominated and the things that are moving around this thing's called stacks That is the smart contract platform on top of Bitcoin And you can see there's a lot of different things that are going on and it looks like there's some Honestly, there's some pretty expensive Bitcoin FT's out there, but that's it So I'll bring it to your attention see what you think that's it for today So look like today's video give it a thumbs up consider subscribing everything we talk about is time sensitive That's it for today. Thank you so much for stopping by. I do appreciate it and I'll see you on the next one


Even if your friends laugh at you, tell them you'll be laughing the other side of your face when you wake up one day and you have to start learning to speak a language that is not originating here. I think you understand what I'm talking about. It is the time to stand up and uphold dharma in the subcontinent. The time of sleeping is over. It's over.   And otherwise you know what is staring you in the face. You won't have the freedom to come to a satsang after that. You won't even have the freedom to practice yoga. It's happening in different parts of the country now. Hindus are not allowed to take out idle processions which they've done for millennia. Not just centuries, but millennia. So it's time to stand up.


103.9 FM, WOZO Radio, Knoxville. Ladies and gentlemen, Digital Freethought Radio Hour. Hello and welcome to Digital Freethought Radio Hour on WOZO Radio 103.9 LP FM right here in Knoxville, Tennessee. Today is Sunday, October 11th, 2020. I'm Larry Rhodes, or Douter 5, and as usual we have our co-host, Wombat on the phone with us. Hello Wombat. What's in the box? What's in the box? There you go. The box. Dead cat. A live or dead cat. And our guests today are George, Red Leader, and Doubtfire. Hello all. Digital Freethought Radio Hour is a talk radio show about atheism, free thought, rational thought, religion, no, humanism and the sciences. And conversely, we also talk about religion, religious faith, God's holy books and superstition. If you get the feeling you're the only non-believer in Knoxville while you're just not, there are several atheists free thinking and rationalist groups that exist right here in Knoxville and we'll be telling you how you can connect with them right after the mid-show break. Also, did you know that there's been a streaming atheist calling TV slash a video show broadcasting in here in Knoxville? It has been for over 10 years. Did you know that Wombat? And it's disappointing too, because the Boy Season One was really good. You can watch Boy Season One and be like, oh, this is really good. This is a good show. It ends on a pretty good cliffhanger. Season two, terrible script.  They're turning it into a soap opera. And the worst thing is, if you try to find bad reviews for it, Amazon has cleansed the internet and made all the bad reviews just about the release schedule. But there aren't any bad reviews for the RTV show. Oh, it's so bad. It's so bad. It's just a calling show where anybody can call in and talk to an actual atheist. We'll tell you more about that after the mid-show break as well. Also, if you'd like to interact with us during the show, go to Facebook and search for digital free thought radio hour and use the messaging function to send us questions or comments. Wombat, what do you have for us today? So I recently died and had an amazing dream where I saw a bunch of other dead people and we all went to white Jesus.  And I was like, oh my gosh, he was white all along. Isn't this amazing? This is great. Then I woke up and I realized it's totally true. That's all the proof you need to establish what we're going to be talking about today. Near-death experiences, which I think is a really, really interesting phenomenon in terms of how popular it is. I think everyone is aware of the term, even if they've never had the experience. It's sort of like taking on sort of like a meme. And we need to also talk about the difference between ghosts and souls, or if there is a difference. I started a topic online earlier this week just to discuss that. And I think we might want to hit that later on. Okay, okay. How about this? We'll start off with some pretty good definitions. That way everybody knows what we're talking about. George, I'm going to throw it out to you first. What do you think we mean when we say near-death experience? I have no idea. That's why we came to you. What do you think we're doing? A near-death experience? Yeah. What do you think? Have you ever had something similar to that? Or what do you even think I'm talking about? Well, I can't say I really do know. Honestly. Be me your best guess. How about that? Well, let's see. It's like almost dying, right? Right. I can't remember having almost died. It's that simple. Sure. I can't talk from experience about this. I just don't have any. Okay. George, we're going to go around. But if you come back and be like, so what's a near-death experience? I would say, hey, you got your shot. That's right. Doubter five, I'm going to throw it out to you. You want to tell me about the basic introduction? Sure. What I understand is that near-death experience is when you almost die, like George said. But in this particular case, a lot of people will point to a hospital setting where a doctor has actually pronounced you dead.  Or even if you just come back on your own and you say, yeah, I was dead, but then I came back. I know it's like to be dead. Yeah. You know, that's anecdotal evidence at best. But a lot of people will point to near-death experiences for their definitions of afterlife. That's pretty good. Doubter, it seems like you want to weigh on this. What do you think of near-death experiences? And have you ever had experiences like that in the past? Yeah. I've never came near-death, fortunately. But near-death experiences are, well, let's look at it. In history, near-death experiences were near-death, like approaching death. But now, because of our technology of bringing back people from cardiac arrest that's been maybe flat-lined for a certain amount of time, they're listed as clinically dead, which is a little different than really dead, I guess. For some people, dead, dead. And then there's clinically dead. And then so there's anecdotal reports and also papers and reviews about people who actually experienced what it was like to be clinically dead. And there's a lot of information on that. And so the description is, they call it the classic near-death experience. Okay. So the classic near-death experience. Classic NDE. Yeah. It contains like certain core universal experiences.  So those are kind of the core essentials. No matter what culture people come from, basically those core features remain. Some of the coloring of maybe who they spoke to, like I spoke to a light. An atheist might say, I spoke just to some light or something. A religious person may say, well, I spoke to Jesus. Or a Muslim would say, I spoke to Allah. So they interpret the light a little different coming out of it. So it's kind of like a post-hoc interpretation of what happened. Yes. The core essential experience is all the same. It's all common. That's what I understand it to be. That's a great, fantastic answer. Doubt or five. Doubt or five and doubt fire. Scott and Larry. Both great answers. Dale, I want to throw it out to you. You're on mute. Mind taking yourself off mute. And I want to know what's your opinion on what a near-death experience is and have you ever had one or something close to it in the past? Well, I've definitely had a near-death experience, what you're calling that. I used to work for a cardiologist named Dr. Raymond Moody who wrote a book called Life After Life because he documented a lot of the experiences that people had being a cardiologist and me being a cardiopulmonary technician. We both had a lot of experience bringing people back from death. I would like to make a few corrections. Clinical death is no longer defined. Clinical death used to be not having a breath. Then clinical death used to be not having a heartbeat. Then clinical death eventually became brainwaves. So that's sort of an old idea. Also, the idea that people experience things in a universal pattern, seeing people, having the choice of coming back. That's just not true. Anybody can experience it by a loss of blood pressure. Test pilots experience it all the time, especially if you're put in a centrifuge. What happens is you have a drop in blood pressure. When you have a drop in blood pressure, you start to have tunnel vision. Tunnel vision, meaning all of your peripheral vision starts going away. The parts of your eye that are most important, that being the center, the part where you read, becomes the last to go away because it gets the most blood supply. Consequently, what you have is a tunnel that's dark on the sides, but whatever light you have is in the center. So you interpret it as a tunnel of very bright light. Wow, that's very cool. That's a great explanation. And you said you had one. I have had one. Yeah, actually it is. What happened to you? Oh, so I used to be in the Boy Scouts and we went up to this campsite when I was around 12 and we would do our swimming merit badge certifications. Basically like, hey, get in this lake, make sure you consume from one side of the lake to the other side. And if you can do that, then we can start doing our merit badges for swimming. The thing was we started really early in fall and the lake water is really cold. And the lake's distance was pretty long. It was like maybe the maybe two standard swimming pool lengths.  I make it to one side of the lake and I'm coming back, but my legs start like feeling a lot heavier and I start sinking in the water. And I'm actually like physically drowning. Like I'm getting oxygen deprived. I can't get back up.  And it's embarrassing. But then I felt really, really, really calm because like my body is going into like, hey, let's check out mode. And I have all the hormones just kicking off all at once. And it felt really peaceful. Like I always thought drowning was like this really horrific experience. But there's a point where it's like, eh, it's okay. Your body just like take a chill fell. Here's some drugs.  And I was in that state until I got pulled out of the water. I had a lifeguard pull me out and do the whole check on me and stuff like that. But I was a hardcore Christian back when I was like 12 or as much as you could be when you're a child. And my near-death experience was very much, hey, I felt really calm when I was under the water. But it wasn't until I was informed by other people's near-death experiences that I started to like, re-remember the experience I had and started to borrow things from their stories. And then all of a sudden, oh, but I was under water and I felt really calm and there was a white light. And there were voices talking to me. And I'm like, in my head, it's like, that's not really how I remembered it the first time. It's just sort of like what I'm borrowing from other people's stories. How like I'm re-picturing the narrative. Now when I look back at it now, like in my 30s, it's like, no, I just, I got too cold. I couldn't swim very well. And my body went into a like a survival sort of like, here's all your comfort hormones.  And maybe you'll get rescued. And that's what happened. But it's very easy for people to misremember things. And I find it also alarming. And Dale, maybe you can weigh on this. It's sort of like the image that people had of aliens before that one famous movie came out with the gray men. People's impression of what an alien would look like were vastly different, but it wasn't until that movie came out with the big round head and the black eyes that everyone's impression of aliens suddenly became the new like very similar thing and coalesce into a similar thing. And I feel like near that to experiences are sort of in that same realm where they're informed by the ideas of the public. Dale, do you think there's any argument there? I believe that anyone who tries to remember things are going to remember them differently. We have, there's one documented case, a girl was drowning and she saw her tunnel as having little tiny squares all over it. And more than likely what was happening is she was having tunnel vision and she was seeing the sides of the pool that had tiles on it. But your thing about what we interpret clouds and it's the same way you interpret things that are going on. However, what most people talk about is the clinical experience where you have a loss of blood pressure in an ER or in a surgery and you are partially awake. One of the last things to go is the hearing. So people often say they flowed it or it has been reported they would float above their bodies and they could see the doctors working and all of this and they could see their bodies. What is actually happening is, is they're hearing the dialogue of what's going on around them and their brain always trying to put things in a logical order starts to assemble a scene much in the same way you would do in a dream when the television is on. So one doctor creatively put a tile above the bed in the ER, above all the beds as a matter of fact, and it had a message on it. And he definitively said, well, if anyone wakes up and can tell me what that message is, I'll think maybe they have something. But this is just a phenomenon. Also when you do actually start having oxygen deprivation, I said lack of blood pressure is most common in the clinical setting, but when you have oxygen deprivation, it's actually the exact same way. Excuse me, it causes the exact same effect. I'm also going to throw out one extra thing. The stories of floating seems to be coinciding with loss of equilibrium.  I don't know what's going on. And that's the same sort of like uneasiness. But I want to throw out the Doubtfire. What do you have?  Let's keep it interesting. Yeah, that's right. So the thing about it is I'm Doubtfire. So I believe in healthy skepticism, but I'm also skeptical of my own skepticism. Nice. It's good to question everything and look at it. So first thing, if we're looking at science to kind of understand how the world works, right? So what does science actually say on the matter? What do we have? So then a little bit of preparation for this. I don't know if you guys are familiar with NCBI. It's a site that means what it stands for is the National Center of Biotechnology and Information. And so what they do is they put out peer-reviewed journals. So these could be like Medicine, PubMed, peer-reviewed. You know, you'll have journal citations and papers and things like that. So they have papers on near-death experiences. And what have they found? Like one of the latest ones is from Jeffrey Long, who is a medical doctor. And his conclusion, and I'll just, and I, you know, for the audience, say if you're interested in this kind of stuff, go to NCBI and just look up near-death experience and you'll find it. But his conclusion is this. Let me just drop down because I'm kind of reading through it. There's basically six lines of evidence to kind of explain what NDEs really are. Now, it's good to note also as well that there's only like 20% of people that actually remember their near-death experience. So that's the first thing. And that's another question in and of itself. But Jeffrey Long, and I'll quote him, he says that, hold on, I just missed it. Oh, I'm sorry. Keeping this exciting, Scott. Yeah, keeping it exciting, man. So basically what he's saying is because of the six lines of evidence, there's reasonably convincing evidence that something inexplicable is going on that's different than just oxygen deprivation. Oxygen deprivation gives you a few of those biological that results from, you know, our biology and losing, like the tunnel vision, like was just mentioned. But there's other parts of the near-death experience that is that are inexplicable. That's what the conclusion is. They don't really know what's going on. But for all intents and purposes, NDEs are real experiences as far as we define real. Yeah. So there is this overlining when it comes to a scientific report. It's sort of like UFOs. Like if people can see a UFO as an unidentified flying object and those exist, no doubt. But it's not good proof of visitation from intelligent life. Right. That's exactly what I'm saying is that we can be skeptical. We can say we don't know if the attribution is really what we're talking about is real or but we do know the experience is inexplicable. Yes. People do have experiences when they're near death. There you go. And there seems to be some commonality between the stories. What's causing this and what is it percluded? Like doubt or fire? May I ask? Right. May I ask? Doubt fire? Yeah. Doubt fire. What are these things that are inexplicable? The inexplicable is in the paper. I don't want to go through. I don't want to be too long on it. But some of these are going to be the veridical experiences. Veridical. What? Veridical. Veridical. You have to refine this. So veridical means that it's a shared experience. Ah, okay. So doctors in the laboratory. Veritable. Yeah. So they can say, so for example, let's say a patient says, Hey, I know what this instrument looks like on the table that you were using to split my skull open or something like that, which is one of the examples that we're putting this paper. No one talked about it. No one, they didn't see it obviously at any point. Yet the person says, you know, at this particular time, you guys were talking about this and then you pulled out this particular instrument that looks like that. And it was just inexplicable. They couldn't understand how did this person, how was this person able to describe that instrument the way they did if they didn't see it. And there's a lot of different, there's a lot of different examples like this. And we're going to go to doubt or five, but in science, there is room for things to be inexplicable. It just doesn't mean that the next best assumptions, the correct answer just can't explain this for now. That is correct. What do you got? Well, for that particular instance, I would say maybe he's seen it on some kind of crime show or some kind of a medical show. And he just remembers seeing it several times when people were operating on other people. And then when they mentioned it, he drew the image from the memory. Yeah, that's true. But going back to the UFO thing, a lot of this is interpretation. So many people will hear the word UFO, and they won't think unidentified flying object, they think flying saucer. I mean, it's like that UFO is another word for flying saucer for them. Unfortunately. For aliens. Yeah. And it's not the same thing. When someone says UFO, it means there was something in the air that they couldn't identify. Now, have you ever seen a UFO, Larry? And maybe we can transition. I've never seen, well, I've seen things that I could not identify. Yes. Yeah. Some like later on, like one time I saw a light going across the sky like a UFO. And then, you know, I realized it was the sun, which was setting, was hitting that plane against a dark background. Oh, that's interesting. I couldn't see anything but a reflected light. Oh, that's good. And then after I waited for a while, I could see that it stopped reflecting and then I could see the plane. You know, things like that. George. We don't know. There's been a while since you jumped into the conversation. You might amuting yourself. I want to know, have you garnered anything from our discussion about near death experiences? Do you have a better idea of what it might be? And then on a fun level, have you ever seen a UFO? Well, I'm old enough, believe it or not, that I remember seeing barrage balloons above New York City, above Brooklyn, New York. Wow. And I just remembered that recently. That's the closest thing I've ever seen to a UFO, but there were strings attached to them. You know, they're like Flash Gordon's rockets. When you see the rocket ships in the Flash Gordon movie, you can sort of identify that they're dangling from strings. Wow. And these were tethered by ropes from the ground. Because I'm talking about World War II. Now, about UFOs? No. Have I gleaned anything? Yes. You know, what seems to amount to scientific observations have been quite interesting to me. So that's all I can say. I saw Hillbop's comment when I was seven years old, which means I'll be able to see it again when I'm around 70, if I make it that far. And that was my first UFO because I looked up and I'm like, that is not like anything else I've ever seen in the sky. It's like a solid meteor shower that's just frozen in place. It doesn't look like the moon. It doesn't look like any of the other stars. It's not airplane. What the heck is that? And there was no internet that was reliable back then. So it's just like our whole neighborhood's like, what's going on? We're getting new as an encyclopedia. The only thing we had were like smart people in the library to tell us what the thing was. And that was it. Are you guys familiar with the disclosure in February? No. What's that? The disclosure of otherworldly vehicles. No. Talk to me. Not familiar with that? Right. Yeah. Yeah. There's a big circulation back in February that they've released video of, of air pilot interception of unidentified flying objects. They call them aerial remote off-world vehicles. And these things would, would from what the video showed, they would go from zero to 10,000 feet in less than a second, breaking all the laws of physics. And they would show this stuff on a video. Just got to look it up. I don't know what it is. Nobody's really saying it's, but apparently the Pentagon is calling it off-world vehicles. I don't know. They are not. Yeah. I mean, that's what they say. But the video is kind of interesting. It shows some sort of technology that it definitely isn't a bird. It definitely isn't a plane that we're aware of. But yeah. I just thought I'd throw that in there. That or five. Go for it. And then I'll say one thing. Yeah. It's kind of funny that we started off talking about near-death experiences and souls and ghosts and end up in UFOs. But there is one thing that, since we are talking about UFOs, I'd like to mention, there's a footage, actual footage of a battle, battle of Los Angeles during World War II, the UF literally fought a UFO. Go to, just search for the battle of Los Angeles. And you'll see that there was something that we were firing at up and down the western. Was it Venus? The left coast, huh? Was it Venus? No.  Multiple search lights focusing on this thing, firing artillery at it for hours. And they have video of it on the radio. Battle of Los Angeles. Battle of Los Angeles. Check it out. There we go. I'm all going to fit. Go right here. Sorry. Barbara, I do want to say one thing about science is I think it's really cool. In science, there are such things as undefined terms, undefined variables, unknown things, explicable things, things we don't know the answers for, just unknowns in general. And these aren't necessarily pointing at the most popular, you know, conspiracy theory. It's just a recognition that science doesn't have an answer for this yet, which means that we have places to work on. Science is, like I said, it always involves a process, but we got to make sure that we make the distinction of, hey, man, there's just some things and science doesn't know what it is. So maybe it's from Mars. It's like science isn't going that far. Science is just recognizing, hey, we don't know what this thing is. We're going to figure it out eventually, but right now it's an unknown and it goes into the big vault of unknown things that we're still trying to figure out. I shouldn't say that. It's correct. It's a very open door house, but it is fun to think about what could be, but after that point, we're outside of the realm of science and just having fun talking with each other. And there's always room for creativity like that. Larry, I think we're at the bottom of the half hour. How about we come back and we will do our own invocation and then local news and a whole bunch of other fun stuff. This is the Digital Freethought Radio Hour on WZO Radio 103.9 LPFM right here in Knoxville, Tennessee. And we'll be right back after this short break. After the second half of the Digital Freethought Radio Hour on WZO Radio 103.5 LPFM, that's 103.9 LPFM here in Knoxville, Tennessee. I'm Dider Five. This is Sunday, October 11th, 2020. And let's talk about the Freethought groups that you can join here in Knoxville. First, there's the Atheist Society of Knoxville, founded in 2002. We're in our 18th year. Ask has over a thousand members and you can find us online at KnoxvilleAtheist.org. By the way, if you don't live in Knoxville, you could still go to Meetup and search for an atheist group in your town. Don't find one? Start! Another Freethinking group here in Knoxville, the Rationalists of East Tennessee. To find out more about them, go to Rationalists.org and click on their upcoming events. Earlier in the show, we'd said we'd talk about the Knoxville Atheist called in TV show. Well, it's called Freethinkers United Coalition of Knoxville and you can find it at YouTube by searching for those words. Could you spell that out for me? No. Well, it's Freethinkers United Coalition of Knoxville. Also, you might want to do a search for Freethought Forum Knoxville and you'll find ten years of archives of our TV show that we had before we went video. Also, if you're interested in getting involved with the TV or this radio show, just come to an Ask Meetup, RET meeting, come to our website, Facebook page, whatever, and tell us you want to be involved. With us on the show today, we have Dot Fire, we have George, Red Leader, and as ever, Wombat. Take it away, Wombat. So, we were talking about Braveheart, which was a really great movie. I love the scene where William Wallace is on his horse and he's just like, yes, you might fight and you might die today and dying in your dead many years from now, you'd be willing to trade all those days from this day for this one chance. Just one chance to come back here as young men and tell our enemies. But where is the love? Guys, we had really listeners. We got some time for feedback from our listeners today. Last episode's show was called I Don't Need Evidence for My Beliefs and that was a fun talk. I got to be honest with you, we had a full house on that one and we had some really good love back from that. So, what were some comments that we got back? Dot Us Trading Room says, Romeo, Romeo, where for out that Romeo? Hey, did you know that where for actually means why? It's the literal meaning is that Juliet is agonized to think he really wishes for him to come back to the other tribe or go back to the other tribe. And so I said, that sounds cool because the last joke we did was a Romeo, Romeo, Juliet thing. Nathan Matthews says, blind belief, there's got to be a better way. I mean, as Wombat said recently, doubt is your best friend. It strengthens your belief in true things. It keeps those pesky contradictions away. I've got enough stress as it is. And it's true, this year has been kind of a crazy one. There's also been a really fun excerpt that was pulled out of our last show. It was SE Minute, how you can do SE in about five minutes and I said, hey, you can do SE in five minutes. All you need to do is just ask, one, what do you mean by that? It's a great way to get people to think about what they're actually saying rather than for them just reiterating things that other people say. You can also say, how can we test that? And then also, how reliable is that test? And it's really important that you stress, how can we test that? Because you want to make it a group project where you're both working together to figure out how someone's using a methodology to come to a conclusion. And then how reliable is that test? Ketz puts that focus not on their conclusion or them as a person, but on that test specifically. And that's what SE is all about. What do you mean by that? How can we test that? How reliable is that test? Fantastic set of questions. Black Picket Sign says, I love Let's Chat and I'm slowly learning even sign language because of your videos. I love sign language and I love SE. And I think they're both weirdly intuitive. I think it's great that you're showing me a number of wonderful things that I can incorporate in my life. Thank you. Thank you, Black Picket Sign. I appreciate that. Ryce Coran also says, I have been studying SE for about four years now. And I've even taken two workshops under Magnobosco. Trust me, SE is not complicated to learn, but the effective implementation of it is quite another beast. I've realized that in no uncertain terms I am not clever or amiable enough to ever manage and affect or talk with anyone.  Keep going on, guys. And to that I just made a quick comment to Ryce. I said if you just keep your SE down to like variations of those three questions, what do you mean by that? How can we test that? And how is that test reliable? That's SE. Really, it's just asking someone, how did you figure that out? And anyone can ask that. You don't need to have a YouTube channel. You don't need to have, you don't need to have cameras in front of you. Ask someone how they figure that out and you're already doing SE. It's not that bad. All right. We were coming back from this show. Oh, Dill, do you want to make some comments? Don't forget to unmute yourself. Go for it. Yes. For your viewers who are curious about SE, have you ever recommended the book by Peter Bogotian? Me personally, no. I actually think the best way to learn SE is to watch videos of people doing SE. I find Peter Bogotian is great to be a great way to understand how it started, like historically. But it's very much outdated in terms of like the suggestions that it makes. And it's way more effective to just watch people do it on YouTube. Figure out what you're comfortable with and then take some things from different people and incorporate into your own style. SE is not something you can learn from a book. It's only going to be something you learn from going out and learning yourself and learning how to talk to people. That's the best way to do it. Michael Schirmer on his show was a science salon number 83 as an interview with him that lasts an hour and a half about how it started and how to talk with difficult people about anything. And I found it to be very enlightening. Good. You coined the term SE. And one thing that kind of helps me is the bad term.  I prefer Socratic Examination myself. That fire, what do you think? Yeah, I was just going to say that it's good to not have your own preconceived beliefs going into the conversation because it makes it emotionally charged on your part. So like if I'm talking to a witness and I have a bias against Jehovah's Witnesses or Christianity or something like that well if I take that attitude with me talking to them then I'll become a little bit more challenging and we're not there to challenge people on their beliefs we're just there to question. Yeah. A lot of times the question will challenge and you can't take a umbrage to that. Yeah, you've got to choose your mind field. You're going to challenge either way, but there's a way to be like at least I'm going to challenge the method and not you personally or at least your conclusion. There's a way to get past that that very brittle ego mindset and get us both working towards how do you get this better because right now you can I can see that there's a problem here that's why you're dancing. What can we do to keep this dancing from happening and that's fun in my opinion it's it's only exhausting when you try to extend a conversation longer that needs to be or you take on too much burden of I'm going to change this person's mind in five minutes. Essie's not about that. You are just there to help a person think about why they believe stuff and have good methods and good results from their method. We would not want to know about that. Exactly. It would help change our view on the subject. Yeah and there's still room for argument and debates. I think debates have a great role in society as well as argumentation and you can even throw in argumentation counter apologetics etc into your Essie approach but it's just good to know that you have another option and that's why I advocate Socratic Examination as a good way to talk to people. Okay so we were talking about hey if I have a dream and I see a ghost or if I become a ghost and I see my spirits, my dead parents that's absolute proof that they exist. Isn't that right Larry? Absolutely not. No that's a near death experience. We were just talking about that for the last half hour. I'm confused. You're changing your tone. What's going on here? Sorry I didn't. What's that face? No it's proof you have an experience but how do you interpret that experience interpretation? Mirror the truth or it cannot? We can throw out the same Essie questions like how do you test that? Is now reliable is just a couple of dreams? People that said you know they've been in a haunted house I said how do you know that while I was sitting in this chair and a ghost passed over me how do you know that? Well I got I got cold. What do you mean by that? I got a cold spell and that's what happens when a ghost passes over you. Well they're talking about experiences and interpretation and results and how they interpret the results gives you the experience gives you the mindset and one does not lead to another it's non-sequit but in their mind you know ghost one of the attributes of ghosts is that they cause cold and we've never had a ghost to examine we've never had a soul to examine we can't talk about the attributes of anything until we examine one and find out what those attributes are but the stories they've heard the anecdotal evidence is all they need for but actually do like the guidelines of hey whenever you feel cold or like whenever you're sitting down and you suddenly feel cold that's a ghost passing over you I'm thinking to myself hey okay at least now we have an actual test that we can do maybe we can see how repeatable it is we can test to see how reliable it is and in the event that I sit down in like a graveyard and I don't have a cold flash is that what is that an indication of and could you give me a point where it's like 100% chance you're going to be passed over by a ghost no I don't feel it I was like let's get another person to see if they feel anything it ends on where the graveyard is yeah it's like are we going to warm our way out of a conclusion so that we can keep it with a hypothesis or we're going to just say that this test that we have isn't reliable maybe there are ghosts but this way that we're testing it isn't the best way to go about it the thing about it is how do you even know that ghosts cause cold until you have one to examine to find out it's just an assertion a claim it's a sort of thing that makes it even more complicated to test for sure though we are talking about near-death experiences we do have this commonality of people saying hey you know I did have a conversation with a person who was about to die and when I woke up they died and they were telling me hey it's going to be alright I'm fine it's good and then they wake up and like that person's dead maybe they worked in a hospice or they were a nurse that story I've heard on the internet on multiple occasions what are you saying at that point um are you I'll throw this out to you first are you just saying that they're all wrong right so for me it comes back to how are we defining our terms like real and everything because I mean think about it I saw a really good tech talk from a neurologist who said basically we hallucinate our entire reality our whole experience is kind of like a hallucination I could see you watching that Ted talk at least three times yeah dude I watched it and the way he breaks I mean it sounds kind of kind of crazy at first but the way the guy breaks it down he kind of puts it all in perspective for you and everything but basically though still the the core essential is there when people dream dreams feel real they feel like you know when you dream of falling off a mountain in your sleep I mean you're literally terrified okay so there's an emotional your brain fires up I mean all these things become a real experience for you so when these people have these near-death experiences are they real well what do you mean you mean is does this mean the afterlife is real or are you talking about is the experience real or are you just making it up or maybe embellishing it I don't know I mean I've never had a near-death experience so I really can't say I know what it's all about or anything like that but I can read some of these scientific journals and we can take that route and they can say look they it seems like these people are having a real experience these commonalities are inexplicable but that's as far as they go with it because I mean consciousness is something we can't really predict with physics I mean consciousness is an internal experience it's subjective there's no science by nature is objective consciousness by its nature is subjective so right now we've got a little gap there so I don't know my personal take on if you were to ask me my personal take I'd say I'm 50-50 I don't know anything I do know that there is a difference between imaginary things and real things out there in the world like you know there's a difference between a dream and my waking life I can tell that there's a difference one I can control others I can't you know I can't jump off a mountain and fly like I can in my dream so there's a difference there so you're working by different set of rules right different set of rules so it seems like this NDE thing is kind of like a dream in a way it's not really out there no one can see these dead loved ones but the person themselves that are going through it but let me say this I kind of think about this stuff in my life it kind of helps me even if I don't believe in an afterlife I have no reason to think I'm going to live on after my death none have none but if I thought that I was going to have a near death experience at the end of my life and there's this life review thing that happens that I'm pretty sure does happen then it kind of makes me feel like I want to be a good person I don't want my last experience to be you were a bad person to this guy and that guy you know I don't want that I don't I definitely don't want I want to go off with on a good you know note okay hey that's an interesting set of questions I'm going to fill this out to George first would you now this isn't a question of do you think near death experiences actually exist this is more of would you like to have one when it's your time I have no idea don't say that come on you know you're not surprisingly surprised with one yeah okay I'd like to be pleasantly surprised but you know in listening to some bits and pieces of what people have been saying right now I'm thinking about shared psychopathy like that I'm living in a world now that is a cult it's just this big huge cult of shared beliefs because people have heard them repeated so many times you know this I think is coming forward from I believe we had a discussion last week where this is I think we were mentioning something like if if something was repeated enough times people would begin to believe them yep absolutely true I believe that that's the hallucination I believe that yeah that's the hallucination factor we construct our reality based on our experiences what we're told our influences our genetics blah blah blah I'll throw this out just real quick to just add on to George's story at this point like I remember talking in to an electrician who was at her job and we were talking about old presidents and I was like yeah isn't it funny how like a lot of people believe that Ben Franklin actually flew a kite with a a key at the end of it in a lightning storm and he was hit with lightning but all the lightning just stuck and he was like I discovered electricity like isn't that a silly story and the electricity looks at me like that actually happened and I was like no way no way is that even feasible you would be a dead human being on the spot you know how much yeah yeah but Tyrone it's in all these Tyrone it's in all these books I mean we've we've heard these stories I must tell the truth I chopped down the cherry yeah that never happened either we've been indoctrinated and it's you know it's like my ex-wife was an editor was an editor and a very good one and at one point she was editing plant books for a very well known publisher of plant books and I was helping her on one of these projects and she explained to me that the people who write plant books steal material from each other and they steal material from other books and so plagiarism is rampant in that field and so what they do is they make up some they make up some falsehood about a plant and they bury it in something that they wrote about to see where that falsehood is repeated and then it's like now I know you plagiarized me because I made this up that's right exactly and so you know what brought this to my mind now was when Larry said this thing about when a ghost passes overhead you feel cold where the hell does that come from you know who started that meme is it we call it an old wives tale in 2020 or should we just call it like a really bad rumor or just why are they always wearing chains I never thought about chains I never thought about them I thought white sheets at most I'd like to get back to what you were talking about on memory you remember things this way or that way there was a quote that I like to bring to the table on that it says memory is not a recorder people think of it as a recorder but it's more like a wiki page not only can you change it but other people can change it too George loves that he's laughing so hard right now I'm laughing because I don't know I love wikipedia but there's BS on there Larry to modify that I wouldn't say memory is a wiki page I would say it's more of like an improv sketch troop that hasn't just recreated on the spot they just got the little card third grade recital let's go that's the way that happened it's very fine with this it can actually change after after you have some kind of conversation with other people who were theoretically there and tell you their version of it all of a sudden you start working their version into your memory you can sit down and just say I'm going to remember something that happened in my past but I'm going to do it with a red shirt on now I'm going to do it with a blue shirt on it's so easy to do you have to be aware of the fact that your brain is pulling together all the time and that the memories that you have are just recreations that your brain is just pulling together and putting confidence on so that you feel like you did something like they're amazing or cool or something, the things that you don't want to remember get murkier and like fall away with details but just be aware of that Dale, what's the final words on near-death experiences from our talks today do you feel like there's validity and saying hey I know you had an experience but there's not much to correlate that with an objective reality do you think that's fair to say oh man near-death experience what? no it looked like you were cutting out go for it go for it I think it's fair to say that unlike ghosts you can create near-death experiences anytime you want to I could give one to doubt or five with just about three minutes of training if that's a little bit dangerous it's easy to do and the pilots reproduce it all the time so I really don't spend a lot of time like I said I worked for a guy that wrote a book on it he was a Christian he himself admitted that the lack of oxygen and blood pressure is what creates them but from a Christian point of view he wanted to go with how did this near-death experience affect this person's life did they convert to Christianity so forth and so on that's all I got to say about that nice so we have four minutes left in the show I'm just going to round out Larry you got the last words doubt or fire we got to figure out some way to go around this but doubt, fire, Scott any last words on near-death experiences I just think that they're fascinating man I've looked into them for years near-death experience is what really triggered it all off and it's just inexplicable I don't really believe that we live on but that might be just my own personal incridulity argument I don't care it is what it is there's nothing I can do about it anyways but I tell you what I don't want my last experience to be negative if I'm one of those 20% of people that have this experience I don't want to be one of these people with a negative experience it kind of helps me think about being a good person each day it has a value George any last words on near-death experiences no I'm too busy listening fair enough, fair enough I would say this you can draw a lot of comfort from the idea that your death will be more of a transition than a final period and I find a lot of correlations between near-death experiences and theistic-based religions in general whereas people trying to make sense and rationalize a reality that is very much inscrutable and is filled with a bunch of unknowns and there is comfort in believing in a god that's watching out for you and has a plan for you and will show you a video of all the good deeds you've done at the end of your life or establish that when you do die you are just changing your address and going to a different place but there's not good rationale to believe that it might be true but there's not a good reason to believe that at this point and I care more about believing things for good reasons than believing things because they're comfortable and I can find many good reasons to be comfortable without a near-death experience supporting that or to be nice to people or to have a reason to be kind to others and I think people should just be aware that there's very good options to you even if you don't believe in a god or a near-death experience to be a good person out of five I believe that the I the we, the mud the myself is a mind that a working brain produces when the brain dies the mind ends there's no we have no trouble believing that everything else in the world dies when it dies and does not continue but we have to have special pleading we live forever we can't die and it's just hubris by my count put it that way this has been as we're going to go ahead and close out the show this has been the Digital Freethought Radio Hour be sure to visit the digitalfreethought.com for our little I can't talk Radio Show Archives, Atheist Songs and many other articles on the subject my book is called Atheism What's It All About it's available on Amazon I want to welcome all the old and new guests back to the show please come every Sunday morning when we do this recording if you're having trouble we're leaving religious beliefs behind visitrecoveringfromreligion.org they have help for you if you have questions for the show then you can send them to ask napistatnoxwellapist.org and we'll try to answer them on future shows you can also if you're watching these on YouTube list them in the comments below and we'll get to them then remember everybody's going to somebody else's the time to worry about it is when they prove that heaven sent hell sent souls are real until then don't sweat it enjoy your life and we see you next Wednesday say goodbye everybody goodbye everybody goodbye everybody that's right


Okay, now let's try this one, I guess, write the following names of these transition metal polyatomic ions formulae as you can see just like the question implies. We have a series of transition metals and they're combined in ionic bond with these various polyatomic ions. So the real question is when we look at these complex, how do we start? The first thing you want to do is ask yourself, well, since all these are transition metals, we really don't know what the charge is because you don't have a regular charge scheme with these transition metal complexes or these transition metal ions. So what you can figure out, though, is if you've memorized all of your polyatomic ions, you realize what the charges of these polyatomic ions are and you've got to start there. So this compound has a nickel and a nitrate, so remember we have to do the polyatomic ion first, so nitrate is NO3 and we've got to remember that that's one minus. So if we've got two of them, the subscript says we have two of them, so let's just pull that two out in front, so that means we have two minus charges. So in order to balance two minus charges with only one nickel, that means that we've got to have nickel 2 plus. So 2 plus minus 2 equals 0, so the name of this compound is actually going to be nickel 2 nitrate. Let's go ahead and do this one now, again, cobalt is a transition metal, so we don't know what the normal oxidation state of this ion is, so we go over to our polyatomic ion here. We realize that the name of this ion is acetate, acetate is C2H3O2 and it's got actually minus charge on it, and if we look over here, it's got a subscript of two outside the parentheses, so we know that means that there's two of them. So we have an overall 2 minus charge, and when we're going to combine that with this cobalt, there's only one of them, so we know that the cobalt has to have an overall 2 plus charge to counterbalance that 2 minus charge like that, so it's going to be the same type of complex as the one before it, but we're of course going to name it differently, this is going to be cobalt acetate. Okay, so let's get into a more hairy one here, this iron phosphate thing. So of course PO4, we have to remember again is phosphate, so PO4, and what's the charge on a phosphate polyatom? Well that's negative 3, and again that's just something you've got to memorize, and we look back over at the formula unit, it's got a 2 outside the parentheses, so what does that mean? That means that there's two of them. So what we do now is take 2 and multiply that by 3, that gives us negative 6, okay? If we look over here, we've got 3 irons, okay? If we're going to try to get 6 out of that, it's just going to be 6 divided by 3, what is that equal? That equals 2, so we know that iron, 3 irons, are all going to have a plus 2 charge. So if we multiply 3 by 2, that equals 6 plus, right, and 2 by 3, that equals 6 minus. Those two balance out, give us 0, so this has got to be the right oxidation state. So what we have here is again, iron 2 phosphate, and finally, I guess I didn't make this problem very interesting because this is also going to have a plus 2 oxidation state, the zinc that is. But if we look at this, again we have to look first at the polyatomic ion. This polyatomic ion is cyanide. If we remember, cyanide has a minus charge, okay, with the 2 outside of the parentheses. Of course, it means there's two of them. Two times minus one is minus two, and since there's only one zinc atom, that means that the zinc has to counterbalance those two charges by itself, so that means it's going to be zinc 2 plus, and then if we go over here, we call this zinc 2.


Good evening, everyone. Thank you for joining us today. My name is Sampak from entity, and my colleague here, Mazataka from Fujitsu. So we are here to talk about acceleration, chaining to efficiently handle large AI ML workloads in Kubernetes. So please allow me to begin this week. So in this talk, first, I would like to give you introduction to our work and then discuss about what are the large workloads we have mentioned here. And then I will give you a brief introduction to the acceleration method currently we use in the Kubernetes and advanced setups for how to accelerate the processes. And then I will jump into the challenges of the process acceleration in current Kubernetes. And then we will present our Kubernetes extensions for efficiently handle the accelerations and the communication between the accelerators. And before we wrap up the presentation, we would like to give you the live demonstration. I don't know how far we can go with the live, but I'll give you the demonstration, and I have the video for the backup purposes. So finally, I hope to wrap up the presentation with our future works. So in Kubernetes recently, especially in these three, four years, with the widespread adoption of the AI and ML, the applications and the methods, the development frameworks backed by the Kubernetes have become increasingly utilized. So I've tried to put up some of the projects which use Kubernetes in the AI and ML ecosystem. So I only managed to list a few of them, but as you may know, there's a huge amount of projects in CNCF, which involve the AI and ML, the development, and the application-serving process. So normally, in general, these frameworks use Kubernetes as orchestrator for the resource management. So normally, the pipelines, or the so-called workflows, we can define it in the scripts or the UI, and then it comes to the toolkit or the tooling section. And then we define the pipelines as a chain of process. And this concept is coming from the chaining the processes in the single pipeline. So in the pipeline, the pipeline is consistent with the smallest atomic parts called steps. So the terminology might be different from whatever tool you use, but the basic idea is the pipeline, and it's made by the single steps. So once you ask Kubernetes to allocate resources, what Kubernetes does is it makes a pod for each process, or the fast function for each process. And for large AI and ML workloads, it's more sufficient to use the specialized accelerators to process each workloads, rather than using the general purpose CPU. So what are the large workloads we are considering here? In recent years, there has been a surge in use cases where the performance requirements cannot be made without using these special accelerators to process the large amount of data or the complex computations. And when we build the modules, the training, the deep neural networks, or the hyperparameter tuning, and large-scale data processing is kind of the large workloads we are considering. And when it comes to the service or application development, we have the real-time inference and the computer vision and reinforcement learning and the genomics and the bioinformatics as kind of the large workloads we are considering. And in these use cases, the processing load and the volume of the data flowing through the pipelines can vary on the time or the changing of the requirements. So in these cases, many of the systems need to adapt to their new requirements, but it needs to change with the changing of the requirements. But as an entity and Fujitsu, we are providing the service framework or the infrastructure for our users to implement their applications or their AML, the toolkits. So some users use the BOCs, and some of them are providing the service on our platform. So there are various kind of variety of users using their platform. So in our case, we have the growing demand to orchestrate and manage the processing platforms suitable for handling such variety of use cases. So the current acceleration method and our dance setups in Kubernetes, normally we use the port as a main component, and then we assign accelerators to the ports and all the workloads coming through the ports and offload to the accelerators. Once it's processed, it's again go through the port. And the communication between the ports is the main bottleneck. And they use the CPU to hand over the workloads and give the instruction to the accelerators. So when you want to do more specific enhancements to the acceleration process, we normally use the SRIOV or the RDMA between the ports or the devices. And most of the accelerators recently have not recently, but they normally have their own network interface. So we could use this network interface to directly send the data between the accelerators. And then we can use the PCIe as a connector between the devices, especially when they're in the same physical host. But we have these PCI extension boxes which you can put 16 or 32 accelerators in the row. So you can have many accelerators in one single box. So PCIe is also a very good option. And then we can utilize the host memory as the media to hand over the data between the accelerators. But the challenges of this system is it is very non-compossible. I mean, once you make such changes to the system, once you optimize it for some unique use case, the system itself becomes very rigid. And it is very difficult to change it. So normally, if you analyze the requirements and all the workloads, then you make the system and make it a very rigid one. So it's very difficult to change with the requirements. So once you made it, it is incapable to handling the requirement change or the workload change. So that's lead to the low customization capability. Because once you optimize the system, it's very difficult to customize. And then for these cases, we use a lot of customized scripts or customized tools for managing the system, which is very difficult. Again, very difficult to integrate with the other systems, which you have the stand-lice APIs or those things. And then the third one is the vendor looking. And right now, most of the developers or most of the users are happy with their vendors because vendors are doing a great job right now. But in the future, you might need to use the heterogeneous accelerators. Like the forthcoming years, there might be like evolution devices like TPUs and DPUs. Different accelerators will be there. And you might need to adapt those new accelerators to your system and utilize the resources as much as possible. So if you look into the single vendor, this might be difficult. And the cost-effects units, and since we used a lot of custom parts and custom scripts and custom tools to manage the system, it is very difficult to keep up with the fast lifecycle of the Kubernetes. Every six months, we have to release. And then we have to maintain our own codes. And we have to maintain the huge team operators to maintain the system. So it is very costly. The maintenance cost is very high. And last but not the least, all the instructions and all the data and the communications go to the CPU. So that introduced the huge delay and the jitter to the workload. So you cannot predict the jitter or the delay in the process pipeline. So it makes you very difficult to provide a stable service with these huge workloads. So address those challenges. We try to implement new resource model with the Kubernetes, where you can handle the accelerators and the connection between the accelerators in a native way. So we use the custom resource as one of the methods to extend the Kubernetes. So this is not the only method, but this is how we do it. So you might have the different opinion about it. But this is how we do it, how we did it. So we use the custom resources to extend the Kubernetes resource model. And first we define the three tier level of resources. The first tier is the data flow, which define the pipeline, which is like you can define the function chain, like a chain of functions and how do you connect the functions. So this is kind of a YAML, so you can define the function chain. And then we have the abstract layer, which serve as the abstract layer between the upper functions and the lower functions. The lower functions are the individual functions and individual connections, which directly manage the physical resources. So my colleague, Mazataka, will be giving you the brief about the resource architecture and the operators and how it works all together. Thank you so much. Hello, everyone. I'm Mazataka Sonoda. I explain four or five from here. In the following, we speak more specific about our extension and mainly focus on the role of operators in these categories. First, pipeline definitions. Operators in this category enable the creation of pipelines in a composable way. And when it comes to the custom resource, we have not only a data flow CR, but also other similar CRs. Some of them is a function chain CR and function chain CR. Function chain CR is a template for data flow processing pipelines. And each function chain CR has a set of available data processing modules, such as inference, decode, grayscale, and so on. So function chain CRs are catalogs for these data processing modules. So when you want to create the data flow CR, you can only select a function chain CR. So back to the introduction of operators. Next, abstract. Operators in this category create individual function or connection CRs according to accelerator or device or connection types. And next, individual functions. These categories of operators perform our own control for each type of accelerator or device for accelerator chaining. And in this category, we have each type of operator for each accelerator or device types. And next, individual connections. And operators in this category configure unique settings to both accelerator or device at the end of the network path according to the connection type. And likely, individual functions, we have each type of operator for each connection types. And last, schedulers. A scheduler operator determines where pipelines are deployed for performance and power efficiency. And then we briefly describe the flow of deploying data processing pipelines using this diagram. First, the user creates a data flow CR by using the function chain CRs. And the data flow CR is created. The scheduler determines which accelerator each data processing module is deployed. And scheduler also determines the collection type for each connections. Then data flow operator breaks down this data flow CR into the function CRs and connection CRs. And then function CRs are created. Function operator creates each type of individual function CRs according to the accelerator or device type of function CRs. Similarly, connection operator creates individual connection CRs according to the connection type of each connection CRs. And then each individual function CRs are created. Corresponding operator controls the target accelerator or device, such as deploying data flow processing or data flow module or setting networks. Next, we speak about individual operators. As mentioned above, we currently support two connection types and three accelerator or device types. This slide shows the connections. First, you're adding the Ethernet. We currently support FPGA to FPGA connection through Ethernet. So Ethernet connection operator configures TCP connection establishment to FPGA both at the end of the Ethernet connect network path. Next, for PCIe, we currently support communication via first shared memory. So PCIe connection operator configures the shared memory information using this connection to accelerators at the end of the both PCIe path. Next slide shows the functions. We currently support GPU, FPGA, and CPU. First, GPU. GPU operators allocate GPUs and shared memory to data processing modules. To be specific, it runs its port with GPU and shared memory using the data processing container image. Next, FPGA. FPGA function operator directly controls of the FPGA resources without port intervention. So it writes FPGA circuits on FPGAs and allocates FPGA resources to data processing modules. Last, CPU. Like GPU function operators, a CPU function operator runs the port with shared memory using the data processing module container image. Finally, we show the overall picture of our system. Implementing just a few resource types we currently support, the scale of our system is about this, not so small. And operators, each type of source type deployed on the node components. On the other hand, other operators and custom resources deployed on the controller playing components. And we also make use of the default Kubernetes functionalities such as Kube API server and Kube it and so on. For example, we mentioned in the previous slide, CPU function operator and GPU function operators are run to the port by using these functionalities. That's a brief explanation of our system. So let's move on to the live demonstration. Thank you, Mr. Sakap. So we started to build something simple, but it's become more complex now. So let's see if we can do the loud demonstration. For the use case is the real-time inference. So I'm going to show you one of the use cases of the heavy workloads we are considering. So this use case is coming from the smart city, where you have the 1,000 of 4K cameras sending the live stream. And then we have to process those live streams and do the inference like post detection or whatever security surveillance you do. And so to process those live streams, we consider that the cameras sending the live stream through the security network. And then once you get the data, first you have to de-capitalize and do the network protocol processing, and then take the data out. And then you might need to do the routing and the other network processes and then hand it over to the pre-data processing, which we use the FPGA. We think that it might be a good use case to use FPGA. And then hand it over to the GPU to do the actual inference or the inference process. And then in this scenario, we will implement another data flow, which is we use the data splitter, FPGA as a data splitter. We split the data stream process and take another data stream out so where you can use it for the backup or to save the data in the storage or then send it to another application to do different type of inference or different type of detection. So this is the real-time inference use case we are going to demonstrate. We are only going to use one data stream because it's very heavy, so forth. So we use two physical servers. The server-side flow queue right now. So we install the OS and we set up the Kubernetes on it. And we have deployed our extended custom resource operators and we configured some of the resources, pre-configured resources, which need to run this system. And the first step is I'm going to deploy this data flow. This is the function chain I'm going to deploy. And then I will deploy the application, which is the data sending part and data receiving part. So in the pipeline, we first data sender will use the gray tunneling to securely transfer data to the data center. And then we need to gray decap, do the gray decap and take the data out from the tunnel. And then we do the routing. And decap and routing is done by the Intel FPGA N3000. And then we use the network QSFP plus network connection to the second FPGA, which work as a splitter. It split the data stream into the multiple streams. So this time we use the two data streams, split it into the two data streams. And then one of the data streams hand over to another FPGA through the QSFP plus network. And this is the silencs U250. It is another FPGA. And then there they do the decode image, H264 to the row. And once you convert the images, then it hand over to the second FPGA, which do the resizing and the filtering and resizing. And these silencs FPGAs are doing the preprocessing the data and make it ready to do the inference in the GPU. And in the final hop, from this resize and filter resize FPGA and GPU connected to the host memory. So these three accelerators are in the same physical host. So they can hand over the data to the host memory. So what we're going to do is we're going to define this data flow and hand it over to the Kubernetes. And Kubernetes will first do the scheduling. And it will allocate the resource in the servers. And then it creates the functions. And it will create the other lower level operators. It will create the functions. And then they will create the appropriate connection between the functions. And it will provide us the endpoints for the data flow. So then we are going to use those endpoints to send the data. And the other endpoint, we can receive the data. So it works as a pipeline. So before I move to the live part, so it might be a little bit lag, so please bear with it. And this is the sample data flow, right? Function chain. So we're going to do it. Yeah. I introduced the definition in these demos. This is a function chain definitions using this demo. So this is a template for above flow. So this definition includes five connection definitions and four functions definitions. And this one is a data flow created from this function chain. So this data flow definition includes information about this function chain. And after applying and scheduling this data flow, scheduling results are appended to the data flow. So the right one is a part of the scheduled data flow. This example includes one scheduled connection and one scheduled functions. And above is a connection from the code main functions to filter side five main functions. So in this flow, it's above flow, connection three. And scheduling result is the information about route and connection type. So this connection is determined to be used ethernet. And below that is a connect functions, the code main functions, the code main functions. So the scheduling result is information about the accelerators on which this function is deployed. So scheduling result is a device index and device kind. And no, so this function is determined to be deployed to the FBGA with index number zero and node name bar on zero four. So let's switch to the console screen, please. OK. And this is the console on the master node. So now let's show the operators. Operators has already been deployed. Please show the operator some person. Yeah, wait. Sorry. No, it's not for that. So it's stuck. OK. OK. So sorry that we have some running ones and the container creating, it's not responsible. So first we have the CPU function operator and the device managers and internet connection operator. These are all the tier three operators. So actually managing the actual, the compute resource and the connection resources. And then, anyway, I have a video. So these are the resources we define, predefined resources. So these kind of resources, first we have the compute resources. These are the bare nodes. And then secondly, we have the few function defined, predefined function chains. So we are going to use this function chain for the deployment. And then we have the function kinds which are the definition of the functions, like the CPU decode, FPGA decode, and inference functions. And the final one is the ICMPTCP is the network protocol processor which used to decap the gray and use the mirror function in between two FPGAs. And then finally, we have the several kinds of function targets, which kind of another function resource we use to define the function chain, kind of wasting time. Let me move to the video. So this is the same video I took today morning. And this is the function chain. And as Mahathakal showed, we first define the functions, what kind of functions are in the function chain, and then how they connect. So the order of the functions is not important, but order of the connection is important. That's how you define how you construct the function chain. Then these are the controllers, the resources we use. And then this is the, all right, sorry. So we are going to apply the data flow. And so once we apply the data flow, these functions will create it, like the decode function, filter resize, high inference in the GPU, and the vGateway is for the network decode and the mirror. And then we have to wait till, as you can see here, is the PCI connection between the final FPG and the GPU. It is in the pending. It's not done yet. And we need to wait a little bit time. And then you can see there are two Ethernet connections. WB is the code name for our project. So please neglect it. Awesome, thank you. And the web connection decode to main is the Ethernet connection. And then the vGateway, the decode is also Ethernet connection, which also become OK now. And then after some time, all the functions and connection get OK, then active and running. Then we can deploy the, see, here I'll show you. Then we can, this is the actual data flow after the scheduling. So scheduler put all the assignments, assign all the hardware resources to the data flow, and it will put that on the spec. So if you see the spec, you can see all how the scheduler scheduled the resources. And this is the compute resource, connection resource. And here we have the compute resource. And then here I use the GStreamer pipeline to receive the data. And again, I set up two GStreamer pipeline to receive the data. And this is the controller. And these are the two receiving pods. And this will be the sender. So I'm getting access to the pods. And I will execute some command. So sorry. And again, here I access to the GPUs. So you can see the logs of the GPU, which is actually processing the frames. So here, now with the FPS, you can see the FPS here. It's almost zero, because nobody's sending the data. And once I send the data, you can see the FPS become like 15. It will be between 10 to 15. And then I will set up some GStreamer pipeline to receive the data. And then this one, I'm going to send the data. So that's OK. So I start to send the data now. From here, you can see the FPS rate increased like 14. Now the GPU is doing the inference. And you can see here two pipelines to receive the data is also getting the data from the two data streams. So finally, this is I wanted to show you like at the end, I wanted to show you this VLC, the stream window, which one of the stream is get the raw stream. And the other one, we get the human detection stream. So this is what I wanted to show you. But unfortunately, we couldn't do that. So anyway, I will upload the video to the somewhere you can refer it later. So this is our future work. We hope to open the code base somewhere in the community later this year. And we integrate with the AI and ML frameworks also. And we hope to work close with the dynamic resource allocations, which we consider as a very important component of the Kubernetes to provide the desegregate computing. And we also want to work with the CNI extension for the communication between the devices. So we have another session tomorrow about the challenges of Kubernetes to composable and desegregate computing, which is kind of a similar topic that we are going to do. It's a panel discussion. Please be there. And thank you for your conversation. And oh, sorry. Thank you very much. I think that's the time.


Today we're going to be talking about video on your TV and as an earlier video alluded to What makes high definition is just the sheer number of pixels in other words if you guys you're looking at the screen right here There's over 2 million pixels each with its own little bit of picture information So the detail is very high and that's it makes high definition high-def But people say well should I buy an LCD or should buy a plasma well the principle For the video is exactly the same. I'll show you what I mean I have here a pattern generator, which is a tool that we use Determined TV problems and here we have a white screen and we'll go to the green so Each pixel here actually a three subpixel the green a red And blue and by mixing green red and blue We can get any color from black to white and all the colors that are in between and that's how we That's how the picture is generated for example You get a green grass down here in the blue sky You just have all the green pixels turned on and the red and the blue off up here. You could have the blue Turned on although the sky is not this blue with the lighter blues You have a little bit more mixture of red and green in it and on kind of faces The flesh tones are a combination again of the red green and blue And that's how your color is generated via plasma or be it an LCD Something else you want to take into consideration of the viewing angle in other words on an LCD TV If you're looking straight on at the picture, it looks great If you kind of walk off to the side There's the fade that's something that you don't want so again Consider when you're purchasing a TV the viewing angle and also distance a number of people said what size should I buy? Well, there's many different rules the one I use called rule 3 and as example if we look at this This is the 48 inch TV. We got 48 inches, which is 4 feet So we take 4 times 3 that's 12 feet and that's the maximum distance You'd want to be from this TV or you take half it'd be 6 feet That'd be what the closest distance you want to be or 9 feet would be the optimum distance So again, see where your TV is see where you sit measure the distance and go from there Now what determines the picture quality? well, and basically as we said we got 2 million pixels and When standard definition first came up there was used on high definition TV The picture was pretty bad because the TV had to up convert it. In other words, I take 480 And just convert it to 1080 and it left some things a chance whereas true 1080p is your best picture Now what sources are there for our high definition to you? Well, it's a Blu-ray DVD player There's a cable box such as we have right here. There's dish network They have a satellite box similar to this as well as direct TV does or if you happen to be an area where you can receive over the air TV You can get high definition TV from that


So we're here with SeaGate, and hi, so who are you? I am Jason Benoen. I am actually a product marketing manager for Iron Wolf hard drives. But here we're actually showcasing the hammer technology. So in 2019, hammer being a heat-assisted magnetic recording, this technology is what's going to enable us to break the 20 terabyte capacity point. So the hammer stands for heat-assisted magnetic recording? Heat, like heat. Yes, correct. So heat-assisted? Correct. And there was this SMR that's out there. Is this something else? SMR, CMR all completely, they're two different type of technologies. I believe with the hammer technology, it's still going to be more of a CMR, correct? Yes. CMR. CMR. Yes. CMR based. So this allows for, how's it possible to expect, like how's it going to be possible to is a new jump compared to your previous technologies? Yes, definitely. Is it more platters? It's going to be a mix of plenty of things, where you're going to have multiple platters, more platters as well as more actuators too as well to keep up with reading the performance, reading the drive itself on the platter. Yes. So 20 terabytes minimum by 2019? Correct. That's cool. That's amazing. Are we going to get 100 terabytes? 100 terabytes? Yes, that'd be awesome. 220 terabytes. Yeah, but the great thing is that as the data is needed, like as you know with the whole data sphere that's going on, with the demand for data, we want to make sure with Seagate, we continue increasing the capacity with each of our drives. So hammer, of course, enables us to make it go above that 20 terabyte capacity limit. So what's the Seagate headquarters? Seagate headquarters is in Cupertino, California. And we're here in Taiwan. Where's all this R&D happening in the US? It's a mix in the US as well as in Singapore. We have tons of design centers globally where we do the research and development of these hard drives. And then people use SSDs because they run faster speed sometimes. But do you have something happening with the speed here? Yes. So this is the Mach 2? Yes, so with the Mach 2, it actually accelerates performance by twice as much. So the thing is that with having more actuators, it helps to read, enables parallel data transfers and it can actually maximize even further with the drive capacity too as well. So this is compatible with the hammer too? Yes. Soon it'll be actually even implemented not only just on hammer but also newer technology or newer other capacity drives that we're currently building. So Seagate is a kind of hard drive company, right? Correct. Well, it's not just only hard drives but we also have SSDs as well. So we have the SSD drives, we have our nitro drive over here lined up here. Which also getting amazing technology capacities, right? So we have our nitros, we have the data, we have the stacks, we have the NVV. There's a 7.6 terabytes. This is a 2.5 inch, right? Small capacity. Is it using 3D layering of the flash data? So with this I'm going to have to actually ask one of our SSD experts to come by over here and actually provide more information on it. Let's go back to the hard drives. Okay. Are you the leader in hard drives? Number one? Sure. Yes. The leader money comes to you. Like most shipped. What are these like 14 terabytes right here? This is the highest capacity right now. Can I make a video about the SSD? Yeah. Yeah. Just in one minute. This one, is this the highest capacity? Yes, this is the highest capacity. It's soon to be coming out the second half of this year. And what's Exos? Exos is our brand when it comes to the enterprise line. So we have Exos and we have Nitros. Exos is our enterprise capacity drive. And then when it comes to the Nitros drives, those are our SSD brand. That's our SSD brand. So this is not the shingle, this is not SMR. This is for a lot of Exos. This was a lot of Exos. This was a 14 terabyte, I believe it's CMR. But I might have to double check with that on you. Right. What kind of price? There's no price right now? It varies. I can't really quote you on that because it just varies depending on you. I mean, it's more when we work closely with our partners. There's a bunch of 12 terabytes now. Yes. The price per terabyte between 8 and 12. Is it going to about CMR? See? No, definitely not. So the 8 terabyte and the 12 terabytes going to be a huge increase in capacity, not only in this capacity, but there's going to be a price gap between the two per gigabyte. So the cheapest per gigabyte is still the 8 or the 10? I wanted to say that we have lower capacities. I believe we have the 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, but... Yeah, sorry. Let me jump over here. Over here. Maybe you need to be in the picture there. Sorry. Don't want to misquote you. So there's like 1, 2, we have the 12, 8, 10. So we have a wide range of the smart drives here. All right. Excess. Yeah. And around here, we're checking some of the iron wolf for the mass. Correct. So the iron wolf pro drive, we have the iron wolf and iron wolf pro drive. They're made specifically for network attached storage. So it provides that 24-7. It's built for multi-user environments. So you're going to do a lot of file sharing. Iron wolf is actually the best route to go, because it's made for that NAS and then we're going to attach storage. We have partnered with QNAP, Synology, and ASUS. So my plan is I want to get one of these and I want to put SMR drives in it to save money. Is that a bad idea? Yes and no. What I mean by this is that when it comes to all our iron wolf drives or all CMR, but at the same time, what I recommend for you to do is go to either Synology, QNAP's approved vendor list, and see which drives are compatible with their systems, because they have tested it completely. We have worked closely with our partners to make sure that the drives, these iron wolf drives, are going to be more optimized for their system specific. So what I mean by us partnering with Synology, ASUS stores, we have something called iron wolf health management. Iron wolf health management is actually embedded into their operating system. So with iron wolf health management, it's embedded into this station manager, which is Synology's OS. All embedded within their operating system. Yes, it provides the intervention, prevention, and recovery. So if there's anything happening external of the NAS, say there's something vibrating in the background of the NAS box itself, the iron wolf health management will go ahead and notify you saying, hey, there's some vibration happening in the background, you need to fix it, or else it may result in data loss. Or if the temperature rises or anything in that case, it'll give you a notification of that. SMR technology is the Seagate only technology, right? So SMR technology, I believe SMR technology is, and don't quote me on this, I believe it's on our desktop line with the Barracuda drives. We don't have it currently any SMR technology with... For NAS. For NAS. But I'd like to use it just for, I'm going to store a lot of videos, and I'm not going to rewrite or rewrite it just for storing a lot, but having it backed up in two remote locations over the NAS, over the network. So if you look at the nature of a NAS, it's built to be 24-7. So if you're going to put like a desktop drive into a Synology box, those are only built for 8x7. So as for an Iron Wolf drive, the firmware called AdroArray, it's tuned specifically for that 24-7 use, and also it's built for the multi-user environment that a NAS calls for. So if you're going to be accessing it remotely, constantly, we definitely recommend using an Iron Wolf drive. But if I'm not going to access it very often, then it could be okay. I'm just going to store and leave it for years, you know, as a backup. And I want to lowest cost per terabyte. So I was thinking to take those external hard drives, just pull out the SMR cheap shingles. Oh yeah, I wouldn't even recommend that to be honest. It's a 32 terabyte in here. So if you want to make sure that the drive is running, like if you want, because again, we worked closely with Asus to our Synology and QNAP. So if you're going to be running like a desktop drive, or if you're just pulling it out of an external drive, I definitely recommend doing an Iron Wolf drive, because we have an AdroArray firmware that's built into it. I don't want to give you a drive that you put in there, and then perhaps it might fail in another year or so, that a drive that's not built specific for this application. It's a huge responsibility you have as a company. Yeah, there's all this data that you're kind of like storing and it's a very sad story when people lose their data. Yeah, so that's why we built this specialty drive, to make sure that it runs reliable. You have that 24-7. It's built with Synology, Asus Store, these NAS partners to make sure you get the best experience, because we don't want to give you a desktop drive. You can put any drive in there, sure, but you're not going to get the best user experience. So Iron Wolf helps enable that.