difficult conversations and asking for help are two huge discomforts for many of us right now. As we listen to this, this avoidance of dealing with those conversations with our partner, with our friends, with our coworkers, with our teammates, and those compound and put you in a massive bind. And then the flip side is when your backs against the wall oftentimes, that's the biggest discomfort we could face is just saying, Hey, I need a helping hand. I don't have the answer. I don't know how to get through this. Can you help? I think there's three, I call them the discomfort defaults, three ineffective ways of dealing with discomfort, that many of us just get naturally, right? Discomfort doesn't feel good. So we turn to these defaults, and it leads to a bad place over time. And it ultimately leads to the the ghosts of regret, right? Wishing that I could have might have.  And, you know, it turns out those discomfort defaults, a Norwegian study found left people unable to act in accordance with the knowledge that they already had. And I think that's certainly the case for me. And it is the case for many, right? Like, I know what to do to grow my business. I know what needs to be done in this relationship. I know what needs to be done to lose some weight. And yet, I find myself not doing it. And oftentimes, the remedy seems to be like hyper discipline. And don't get me wrong, discipline's huge, you need it, you must have it, it's a huge component. But discipline alone won't get you there. It's unsustainable over time. Until you're willing to really address that underlying discomfort, you're going to be stuck with some version of the status quo that you already have.


The narcissist has to get their way. They have to get what they want when they want it. They have to do what they want when they want to do it. Everything has to be done in their way to suit their needs or requirements in spite of opposition. And to them that's how it's supposed to be. It's normal. Because in many cases that's what the narcissist experienced in their childhood. They had everything they wanted. They got to do whatever they wanted. Everything was designed to suit their specific needs or requirements. So now that's what they expect from you. They expect you to bend over backwards for them. They expect you to make every effort to meet their demands. And if you fall short, they're just going to see it as though you're lazy or as though there's something wrong with you. Rather than reflecting on the possibility that maybe they're too selfish and demanding. Because another thing that they experienced in their childhood. Was that they got away with a lot of things. They were never told that they were wrong. They were never disciplined. They were never showed a controlled form of behaviour. And that is why they are so out of control. That is why they feel so invincible. Like they can get away with anything. Because that's what they're used to. They're used to saying or doing whatever they choose and no one ever confronted them. No one ever telling them that what they're saying or doing is wrong. And that is why they think they're always right. That is why they think that everything should always go their way. And that they should always get what they want. Especially at your expense, misfortune or inconvenience. When there is an issue or problem. The narcissist wants to be the one who solves it. They want to be the one who comes up with a solution. But they will do it in a way that doesn't require any serious thought. Because they're just thinking about themselves. They're thinking about what solution might benefit them. Rather than taking your need to the consideration. When the narcissist is trying to decide on how to solve a problem. They're just thinking about how they can get their way. How they can get you to do what they want you to do. That's their idea of solving a problem. You may have a different or opposing idea or belief about the situation. But they will pressure you again and again. Until you finally give in so that they can get their way. In their minds the problem is now solved. They will tell you how things should be done. Rather than answering your questions or taking input from you. And in their minds that makes them a problem solver. They have a strong need for control. They have a strong need for the power to influence and direct people's behaviour and the course of events. They are dominant and overbearing. They think that they are solving problems. But they actually tend to create more problems than they solve. The narcissist has to get their way. They do not consider you because they lack empathy. But for someone to resolve a problem efficiently. They need to have empathy. They need to be able to understand you and share your feelings. They need to take your needed consideration. But rather than doing that they choose to force their way onto you. Which only causes the problem to keep coming back until you begin to resent them. The problems only get worse because they refuse to hear your perspective. Empathy allows two people to cooperate. Rather than just one person telling the other what to do. But narcissists have this sense of superiority. They think they're more intelligent than you are. They think they know more. They think your thoughts and opinions are unworthy of their consideration. If you have a differing opinion.  When there's a problem the narcissist will experience a lot of anger and irritability. They hate it when you have different thoughts or opinions. If you say something that conflicts with their fixed beliefs. They will become defensive. They will be very anxious. The challenge will avoid criticism. They will attempt to explain or justify their ideas. They have no interest in your thoughts or opinions. They will invalidate you. They will feel as though they cannot trust what you have to say. They will seem really shocked when you have a different idea. They will ridicule you. The narcissist has to get their way. They have a strong sense of entitlement. They believe that you owe them something. They believe that they deserve more or better than what you were given to them. They display their sense that only their opinions matter. Only their solutions matter. They impose their solutions on to you.  They force you to accept their unwelcome decisions. But that is not true problem solving. There's no equal exchange. There's no mutual benefit. It's just one person getting what they want. While the other person gets a short end of the stick. People have different thoughts and ideas. People have different opinions and beliefs. And that is something that needs to be taken into account. You don't have to agree with everyone. But you should at least be on the same page. You should at least understand what they are saying. To a narcissist. Everything is either good or bad. Black or white. All or nothing. When life is about variety and diversity. Life is about understanding that each individual is unique. And recognizing that we all have our individual differences. We all have our own experiences and perspectives. But the narcissist doesn't make room for that. They want everyone to fit their mold of how they think life should be. Thank you for watching. I hope this video resonates with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. Click the bell icon to receive notifications for my future videos. Check out the new Narx Viva website at www.narxviva.uk where you can read my blog posts, book coaching sessions and join the support forum. If you would like to donate, my paypal link is in the video description. Coaching inquiries, you can email me at coaching at narxviva.uk. Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.


Okay, we're back, this is Dave Vellante from Wikibon and we're live, this is theCUBE Day Three, SiliconANGLE's coverage of VMworld 2012. We're here in the hang space, come by and see us. Check out all the action on siliconangle.tv and youtube.com slash siliconangle. Go to Wikibon for all the research and we're here to talk about data management, data protection, it's been a theme all week here on theCUBE. We're here with two folks that I think you're going to really enjoy this segment. Doug Hazelman is the VP of Product Strategy at Veeam. Those of you who don't know Veeam, they are a smoking hot backup company, really specializing in virtualized backup. We'll learn more about what they're doing, but really a lot of excitement. You go to the Veeamugs, everybody's talking about Veeam. You guys are doing really well, so welcome. Thank you. And my friend Brian Regan, who has just joined Actifio, East Coast Startup, focused on data management. Brian, welcome back to theCUBE. Thanks Dave, great to be here. Good to see you guys, so here we are again, Veeamworld. It is the premier event in our business, isn't it? Yes, it is. I know we are talking about Veeamugs. Doug, you guys spent a lot of time at Veeamugs and this sort of, that's the divide and conquer, but this is where we bring everybody together and all the customers in one place.  I mean, for us, the vibe on the floor has just been phenomenal. And we really kind of look at it from a core customer approach and really bringing in the community. So we do a lot of the community events here at Veeamworld, you know, and Actifio actually did a flip cup tournament the other night and we were involved in that. Flip cup as in flip the cup? Yeah, as in if you lose, you drink?  It was a good event that you guys put on. And the Veeamware interns won, so no surprise to anyone, the college kids won the drinking games. Yeah, and it wasn't fixed, right? It wasn't fixed. No, not at all. We were hoping for a smackdown between us and Samantha, so we didn't have it. Careful what you wish for. Hey, Brian, this is kind of the coming out party, Veeamworld coming out party for Actifio, right? I mean, this is really the first one since coming out of stealth. And so we're going to talk a little bit more about what you guys are doing, but let's start with the whole topic of data management. We'll get into data protection. So Brian, let me start with you. What do you see as the big trends that are affecting your business? What are you guys trying to capitalize on?  So talk about what that disruption is and what it means for customers. You know, as we look at the big themes that are emerging over the course of this week, and certainly in our industry, we all see it. I mean, big data, cloud, all of these themes are essentially really putting a spotlight on the fact that just copies of data are growing exponentially inside of the enterprise. And people realize that there has to be a smarter, better way to manage all of these copies inside of my enterprise. And unfortunately, a lot of the tool sets, legacy tool sets, were really instrumented and designed and continue to be built on the premise that there are tapes and there are trucks you put the tapes on and you ship them off site and when you need to recover, you really hope you can and the tapes will come back. And the world doesn't work that way anymore. We need better tools, we need to disrupt that entire paradigm. And I think VMware themselves would admit that as much as we'd love to see a 100% virtualized world, we still live in a physical and virtual world and we need tools that can accommodate both with the same SLA and do it in a much more efficient manner. So you guys have an approach that attacks that copy creep problem, but still provides me data access, is that right? Exactly right. It's all about creating a single gold copy that's available instantaneously for test dev, backup, DR, whatever you need across a physical and a virtual environment and do it a lot cheaper. And in many cases, 90% less costly than the traditional legacy approach. Okay, so when I ask how do you back it up, you're saying you back it up within your system. Really, it's about creating a single gold copy image of your production system in a point in time. It's time machine for the enterprise. And if I need it from last week or last hour or last month or last year, it's available to me. I can mount it and I can run production off of it. So Doug, let's talk about some of the trends in backup. So we always talk about how virtualization breaks storage and it really breaks backup, right? So that coincided, that whole virtualization trend coincided with Veeam's ascendancy in a really good way. Can you talk about the trends that, where do we come from and where are we today? Yeah, I mean, I think, as Brian said, there's a lot of disruption going on and we've been writing that. And the disruption really started with virtualization itself with VMware, right? It disrupted a lot of things in the data center. Everybody's looking at, okay, I can start virtualizing but there's so many times they just kept on with their old approaches. They're running agents inside virtual machines and like you said, that breaks backup, right? Because now you've got everything sharing resources. So we saw the opportunity from a virtualization perspective to really offer something new to the market, something, you know, new ways of doing things and really to drive innovation on what virtualization enables in data protection. So you mentioned, you know, the SmackDown with Symantec, it was good fun and tongue in cheek but there's a lot of inertia around existing installed backup systems. What do you guys see, having said that, we had Jason Buffington on the other day from ESG, I don't know if you know Jason, great analyst. He just did a study and he showed the large proportion, I don't remember the exact numbers, of backup applications were relatively new, less than three years old. So that's probably coincides with virtualization and maybe is a good trend for you guys but there's still a really big entrenched mindset. We don't want to rip and replace our existing backup software. So how do you guys start with you, Brian? How do you deal with that? Yeah, well and just building on that trend, Dave, I mean, one of the things we've certainly seen since about 2009 and I think the data would support this is that people are keeping their copies around for shorter retention periods. Unless it's a government mandated or regulated type of industry where it's healthcare, patient record, lifetime plus seven or seven years for specific industry regs, people are not necessarily shipping their tapes off for infinity anymore. And I think that correlates with the rise in disk based data protection. They realize that in fact, most of the recoveries that I do are based on data that's 24, 48, 72 hours old. Why am I putting tapes away that are two years old and thinking I'm actually gonna be able to recover from that? So a lot of this really comes down to, people are rethinking what they need to do to affect their data protection SLAs. And as a result, they're rethinking the tools. And I think the disruption in the entrenched backup market, I mean, it used to be sort of two big players and then everybody else and then Commvault came along and started to disrupt the big players. And we're seeing new entrants, certainly Veeam and Actifio and others coming into this space. But I think it really comes back to CIOs and even CFOs really having a complete rethink about what do we need to do to protect our business? How are we doing it? And what tools do I need? And ideally, how can I reduce the number of tools that I need to actually keep my business in business? So Doug, Veeam's obviously having success and by premise it's having success because the stress that virtualization puts on backup, you guys are like the aspirin for that. So people saw that said, great, let's hop on that. We were talking off camera and it's relevant to what Brian was saying about this notion of snapshots.  So talk about snapshots and how they fit into the future of backup and more importantly, recovery. Yeah, so we view from a SAM perspective, on primary storage, a SAM based snapshot is not a backup.  So something could go wrong and something could happen. Oops. So from a tier one approach, we look at that as being able, how do we enable the customer to recover from the native capability that's in their SAM? So we drove some integration with HP around their store virtual VSA product and left hand, which the store virtual VSA is based on left hand, to allow customers to be able to use that first tier and be able to recover very granularly. And from a snapshot perspective, the SAM based snapshots are much less stress on the infrastructure when we're talking about virtualization than initiating hypervisor based snapshots and as the virtual machine is running, it has to, once we're done, then we have to consolidate that back. There can be a performance impact. So we get much better RPO by leveraging the recovery capabilities of what the SAM can provide. So Brian, you mentioned time machine for the enterprise. That's a term we actually used in the Cube in 2010 here at upstairs across the street at VMworld 2010. And it references, it's a metaphor for the Apple's time machine. Notion being that you dial up or dial down your RPO based upon the frequency of snaps, right? So let's talk about that a little bit. Is that, in your guys opinion, the new model for data protection? I think so, right? Obviously, we're talking about disk-based paradigms now. And ultimately, it really comes down to snapshots but smart snapshots, right? Because why didn't snapshots take over the backup space 10 years ago when NetApp came out with this really awesome capability? Well, it just choose too much disk and it's too expensive, if done the traditional way, to really displace some of these other tools. Nowadays, what Actifio does is really takes a snapshot but then creates virtual images of those available for any point in time. Because you really don't wanna have to keep storing all the snapshots. You wanna create a single gold disk image of your production system at any point in time and then have virtual access to it and then the ability to mount that at any point in time. You don't wanna keep spending gobs and gobs of dollars on disk, no matter how cheap the disk gets, it's still expensive and it still consumes floor tiles. And Doug, what's your point of view on the trend toward using snapshots as a backup mechanism, what's Veeam's perspective? So our perspective, from a SAM perspective is that snapshots are not backups, right? They're a tier of data protection to give you very fast RPO but they're not a replacement for backing your data up and then storing it in another location, another physical location, or even off the sand, because if you lose your sand, you've lost your backups if you're relying on snapshots. So it's a backup when it gets off-site? Yes. Synchronous or asynchronous, right? Distance wise. Okay, and so will that sort of mode of operation, that snapping and then moving off-site in your view, eventually replace the traditional backup methodology? Yeah, I definitely think it has the capability to do that but what is important from our perspective is to make it easy to work with those snapshots. And that's one of the things I think if we look in the industry today, it's very complicated to be able to utilize those sand-based snapshots and at Veeam we're all about powerful, easy to use and affordable. So we really focus on making things are easy to use. It doesn't take a PhD or three weeks of consultants to come in and install it. The customer can download it and instantly use it. What about archiving? We've talking off-camera about Amazon's Glacier. What's your perspective on that? I think Glacier is a great thing for the industry. I feel sorry for the guys that drive the tape trucks because I think they're gonna be out of business soon. You think so? I think so. Really, if you were CIO, you'd put your archives in Glacier? I mean, you have to understand in terms of what business model they're going after. I think if you look at the mid-market and below-space, I think they're gonna be much more receptive to those types of technologies. They're much more willing to change, they're much more willing to embrace these types of things under maybe the large enterprises are. I say if you're cool with an SLA of, we'll do our best and if we don't, we'll apologize, then put it in there. If not, you better be careful. Unless a thunderstorm hits the DC area, in which case you might not get it back ever. Right, but to your point, Amazon's always been a trendsetter and it probably does mark a catalyst point for other types of services in the deep archive space. Interesting comments about the tape. I mean, you know, the Chevy Truck Access Method, right? Is it Jams Money Taps, tapes on the truck? That's still the fastest way to move data and pretty cheap way to move data, so I'm not sure I agree with it. It's going to disappear, but the point is that it's going to chip away at a piece of that activity. All right, well, we're very tight on time. I apologize that we have such a short timeframe here because we could go on forever about this, but I really thank you guys, Doug and Brian, for coming on theCUBE and sharing your perspectives. Have a great rest of the event and I hope you can come back and join us again. Thanks, Dave, great to be here. All right, keep it right there, everybody. We'll be right back after this word from our sponsor.


Good morning to all. I'm Dr. Suji, paging resident from Srimugambige Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulashegram from Tamil Nadu. Thank you for the opportunity to present my study on this forum. My study name was correlative MRI study of acromial morphology and associated rotator cuff tear. In this study, we evaluated acromial morphologies and their relationship to rotator cuff tear and subacromial impeachment. Yes, MRI for the rescue. MRI has proven to be a single solution for characterizing acromial morphology and for evaluating rotator cuff tears and subacromial impeachment. Ames and objectives of the study was to identify the morphological properties of the acromion, which was based on acromial type, lateral acromial ankle, acromial humoral interval and acromial index. And association to the supraspinosterous tear and impeachment syndrome. Next slide is materials and methods. Seymons magnetum essence are 1.5 Tesla with a dedicated 8 channel shoulder coil was used. Here patient were put in a supine position with their arms on their sides of their bodies in partial external rotation. Following the localizer images, coronal oblique, sagittal oblique and axial images are obtained. The sequences we have used are T2 weighted image and proton density fat saturated image sequences of axial, coronal and sagittal. Next slide is procedure. In procedure, the step one is sample selection, which was evaluated in three groups as follows. That is group one, which consists of 15 patient with supraspinosterous tear and group two, which consists of 15 patients with subacromial impeachment and group three, which consists of 10 controls without subacromial impeachment pathology and supraspinosterous tear pathology. All participants who had a shoulder MRI were included in this study. Patients having previous shoulder surgery, fractures or dislocations, infections, malignancy were all excluded from this study. Next step two is classify the acromial shapes. There are four acromial shapes that is type one, type two, type three and type four. Then step three is additional measurements. Acromial humeral interval, acromial index, lateral acromial ankle was measured. Next slide is observation. According to distribution by age, experiment sample is well distributed based on age. Distribution by acromial type two was the most encountered acromial shape in both group one and group two. That is with supraspinosterous pathology and subacromial impeachment pathology. Type four was not found in any of the experimental groups and control group didn't have any patients with type three acromial. Then according to distribution by acromial index, group one and group two has higher acromial index that is 0.6 greater than 0.6. For the control group, there is a low acromial index that is less than 0.6. According to distribution by acromial humeral interval, group one and group two has acromial humeral interval of less than 6 mm. And lateral acromial ankle of less than 70 degree was found only in group one. That is rotator cuff pathology especially supraspinosterous. Next slide is result. Morphological properties of the acromion is associated to the supraspinosterous and impeachment syndrome and MRI based acromial pathologies can be used as preventive diagnosis of supraspinosterous and subacromial impeachment. Next slide is discussions. Acromial type, this acromial type was calculated on sagittal oblique MR image. I repeat it was calculated it was the analyzed to analyze the morphology of acromion sagittal oblique MR image was preferred. Type on is flat and type two is curved parallely humeral head and type three is anterior hooked and type four is convex under surface. This is distribution by acromial type. This is the graph distribution by acromial type. Next is acromial lateral ankle. Here it was calculated on coronal oblique MR image. How to measure the acromial lateral angle is first to draw a straight line along the superior and inferior most later part of the glenoid and another straight line which was drawn parallel on the underside of the acromion. Then the lateral angle was calculated was defined, which is the ankle formed by these two lines. So lower limit of normal lateral angle acromial ankle with cutoff of around 70 to 75 degrees. This is a lateral acromial angle distribution graph and ankle of less than 70 degree which occurred in patients with rotator cuff tears. Then acromion index here it was also calculated on coronal oblique image. Here first we have to draw a line for parallel to the which has a lateral aspect of the humorous and another line which is drawn along lateral aspect of the glenoid. Then GA is calculated which is distance from the plane of the glenoid cavity to the lateral edge of the acromion. And GU is distance from the plane of the glenoid cavity to the lateral edge of the humeral head. So acromion index is ratio of GA GA by GU. Normal value was less than 0.7 if it is greater than 0.7 then it was clinically important. This is the graph distribution of acromial index. So acromial index of more than 0.6 occurred in rotator cuff tears and subacromial impingement. Next is acromial humeral interval. This also it was calculated in coronal oblique image. How to measure the acromial humeral interval is the shortest distance in millimeter between the under surface of the acromion and the superior surface of the humeral head. So less than 6 mm indicates a supra supra spin at a stack. This is the graph distribution of acromial humeral interval. Acromial humeral interval of lesser 6 mm according group one and group two patients. That is supra spinatus pathology and subacromial impingement pathology patients. Conclusion. That is take home messages. Low lateral acromial ankle higher acromial index and lesser acromial humeral interval are associated with higher prevalence of subacromial impingement and rotator cuff tears and can be measured using MRI. I repeat low lateral acromial ankle high acromial index and lesser acromial humeral interval are associated with higher prevalence of subacromial impingement and rotator cuff tears. These parameters which plays an important role in pre surgical assessment for acromial plastic and extremely hooked anterior acromion with lateral acromial ankle of less than 70 degree had significant association with rotator cuff tears. Thank you.


Insecurity has become a hot topic in Nigeria, from Burkha Haram to killer Hertzman, unknown gunman, banditry and now full-blown terrorism. Now as we take a look back at 2021 we will be analysing and discussing the challenges and breakthroughs in the fight against insecurity. Well this is Plus Politics. I am Mary Annacoff. The issue of insecurity is still on the front burner just as it was in 2021. Various issues ranging from school kidnappings to killings, attacks on the NDA, extremist insurgencies, the killings of 44 journalists in the past year and so on. Now how has the government dealt with the issues so far? We're joining us to discuss this our legal practitioners Ladikwa Johnson and Tungi Abdulhamid. Thank you very much gentlemen for joining us. Thank you, good evening. Thank you. Yeah thank you for joining us there. Happy New Year to you too Tungi. So it might not be the best of ways to start the new year but of course insecurity is an issue that continuously you know bedevils the country whether it's be north, south, east or west. I'd like to start with you Tungi. The question on everybody's mind is now that we're in 2022 can we finally heave that sigh of relief in terms of insecurity and hope that government will not just pay lip service to this issue but of course make sure that it becomes something of some sort of a back burner issue and not what it is today. Unfortunately that answer is beyond me now because we are just starting 2022 and bear in mind also that I have not seen the government policy that is different from what happened in 2021. We are seeing not having a plan in our head. We are not doing the right thing. We are doing the same thing the same way and we're expecting different results and it's not possible. We have not done enough recruitment. We have not done enough investment in fighting equipment. We have not done enough in terms of ensuring that look things that will be required to fight this injury are being provided. The way fears of our soldiers are not being taken care of adequately as it is today. So it would be difficult for me to sit here now and say in 2022 will be a different scenario. Until I see those plans being put in place that's when I can say look it may be different from 2022. Talking about plans I just like to quickly take us back to 2021. January of 2021 we saw the defense headquarters telling us that you know I'd like to quote them directly. On December okay I'll start with January of 2021 the military high command said that the nation's armed forces was now winning the war against insurgency and other forms of criminality across the country based on appreciable results recorded in the various theses of operation in 2021. Now again the acting director of defense media and operations Brigadier General Bernard O'Neill still in 2021 at some point made a declaration while briefing defense correspondent on the operational activities of the armed forces of Nigeria saying that the armed forces was winning the war against terrorists and bandits. Again he also said during the year that the troops had neutralized cause of terrorists and bandits while they were on their different operations. Let's not forget that as at yesterday two terrorists have been killed by a bombardment an air bombardment carried out by the Air Force. This is something that is applaudable but many people like you are saying you still haven't seen a lot that is being done but that is something isn't it? No it is it is that's just a statement the main statement I've not seen much. You know we have been having these statements from LA not even 2021 even for over four or five years ago we have been we are winning the war the Boko Haram have been designated the insurgents have been this and that so many adjectives have been used to qualify them and to say whether or not they are winning. I don't know the yasi they are using to determine their winning formula this regard but we at me as a citizen let me let me say we I have not seen it I'm not seeing the the winning formula in this regard I've not seen how they are winning the war because day in day out we are hearing about insurgency we are hearing about panditry we are hearing about people being kidnapped it's not safe for anybody to just travel and have now you see recently but all the the trains have been attacked on Abudah Road and some other area like that so if you are talking about winning the war I don't know what they are talking about in that in terms of winning I don't know the yasi I don't know the criteria that they being used to determine whether or not they are winning back to me I'm not seeing the winning I'm not seeing how the war has been won by by by by by by by the government it is we're not doing enough in terms of uh uh telling their activities we are only reactionary we wait them to for them to attack us before we take actions so and which is not good for for us we the the the criminals may have changed their tactics probably they are not a data in the particular place just like before whereby they will know their sandbisa sandbisa or some other places are there and they they they will come to the town attack and and withdraw but that may not be that may not be the issue today but they have changed tactics and they they and they they are doing other harmful acts in this uh country the that's when we have banditry we have kidnapping we have so many other uh arms of a uh criminal act to these days so how the government is winning the war would require more espalage and for me to be able to to determine whether or not this is right but as far as I'm concerned with what's on ground I want to put what I'm seeing I'm not seeing them winning the war as it is now okay uh mr johnson let's start by looking at the kidnappings we saw school children being kidnapped again and again and again same process and nothing was done they would take them to you know different places and we had to negotiate for these children to be released we saw the attack on the NDA we even saw Boko Haram hoist its flag close to the FCT I mean 2021 held a lot for insecurity and looking back at 2021 what are the things that you think that government could have done better uh other than just paying lip service to this fight well um the insurgency kidnapping banditry are not things you face by conventional means I think that um I'm not a security expert forgive me but from where one is sitting you look at it we've been looking at it for god knows how many years now and and you wonder why certain things haven't changed the borders are porous they're still porous no no improvement um the other day just after christmas or before christmas after christmas I went to Badagri beach and within such a short time we had about I don't want to exaggerate about 20 or so checkpoints or more in fact way more police police customs immigration NDA these that that and they went checks they were tax collectors is that simple as that so so nobody checked your car nobody checked your papers only one checkpoint did they open the boot only one they didn't check papers they didn't check anything and I saw as the commercial vehicles were going before us there was paying toll gates fees and everything now if you're going to face this you need to improve on your intelligence gathering I believe that um I might be wrong the government spread the defense forces thin because of the concentration in the eastern part of the country I poor not I poor but this is that that is a different thing from the um banditry and what happened in the northwest so they spread themselves thin I do not know to be honest we do not know we're discussing it what has been done to improve on intelligence gathering what I see is that minister for information and his ministry I don't even think we have a national orientation agency anymore yes we do okay I haven't seen anything well they they come alive just before the election okay that's right I haven't seen them getting us Nigerians behind the armed forces it's an important thing I've seen one or two videos from the army itself you know you understand saying that we're working for you we're doing this and it's fantastic if the people in the northwest northeast or so are not confident enough to go to the military barracks you say someone has come into our area we suspect him and things like that you will not as um my um colleague there my learned colleague said we're playing catch up it's so clear that we're playing catch up we haven't taken it to them I'm not talking about um the cardinal state governor spoke about carpet bombing how about the collateral damage have they considered that and the forest no go areas to people who do things in the forest legally how do you know they're not there when you want to carpet bomb the place you understand so one begins to wonder but unfortunately you and I are not in the position to really deal with this matter because we don't have intelligence reports before us and we don't know enough about what's going on still talking about what we know Governor El Rufi has said that these bandits need not be negotiated with they need not be forgiven because there are some people like Sheikh Ahmad Gumi who is still pushing that these people not necessarily be killed uh that they should be um given some form of amnesty and he's saying no the amnesty that these people should receive is in in death um so if he's saying let's kill all of them how do we know these people because that's another problem that the army and military officials have these people look like the people in the northwest so how can you tell one from the other exactly if you had proper intelligence and if you had a system in place whereby the moments you get them during conflicts you understand when you arrest someone who has an ak-47 and after a gun battle or so how do you process them what happens we haven't seen uh them being taken to court or having a tribunal for it or do you understand what i'm trying to say we we we don't know what is going on so for those millions of Nigerian youths who do not have political reasons but feel that oh this business is moving that's kidnapping because we're unemployed there is nothing that has acted as a deterrent to them you understand all these things take the carrots and stick approach the government must be firm when you are firm and you deal ruthlessly with some people some will come to the table quickly do you not think the government is being firm so far i mean we've had cases where the chief of army staff came out in same 2021 to say that that we should not be cowards we should rise up and fight for ourselves we cannot give us guns and licenses to carry but then that's they won't do that that's chaos that's against our constitution again change the constitution again the we remember that the nia boss had also declared some parts of the country at a time and no flies on this is the government being decisive is this not decisive enough or is it that these words or these statements by the government is not matched with the same power talk is cheap you make statements as um learner colleague said ah um boko haram has been decimated you make these statements and so your people with the people no longer believe in what you're saying with the people someone like lai mohammed for instance with the people don't really believe him anymore because he's made so many statements on different things why would they believe him trust him as the messenger and say yes our troops are doing this well it's all disjointed when you make such statements as you said yes it's good to be firm you must be firm within the context of a set of actions you don't just say something and then the next thing someone has a temerity to attack the nda well let me come back to you to nji let's talk about the um the let's call it an amnesty program you know that the army at some point decided that they were going to rehabilitate these um gunmen who decided to um give themselves up and say they were repentant and this is this was not just burka haram members this was some bandits also and for the army they were very impressed and they decided that they were going to go into this rehabilitation process but as we speak i do not know where that program is going because most of as the army itself again reported that most of these people who were rehabilitated went back as spies to burka haram unclean they were taking back information to burka haram so there are people again who are still kicking against this rehabilitation program one they're asking how these soldiers who have fallen in battle as a result of fighting these men how they are family members and their colleagues would feel what will happen to the immoral there are also those who are saying what about the family members and and the children of those who have been killed by at the hands of these same people who are now trying to say that they're repentant what about you know how this makes us look plus the fact that these people still go back with intel to the same terrorist to come back and hit on our people so we're looking at it on all sides how does this program help let's not also forget the taxpayer's money so used in this rehabilitation process they're giving clothes they're giving food the man who took one of our young girls as wife came back into the country with her and a child what happens to that man will he be taken to court um you know will he be tried for of course child abuse because the girl in question was a child at the time she was taken and of course terrorism these are questions that are begging for answers what are your thoughts and you see those things you've said you've answered all the questions you've said it and you've answered all the questions directly because it is even ridiculous for him because even think of that policy at all it is ridiculous because it's insensitive to the to the people who are the victims of those of those people because how can you how can you even consider giving anybody pardon or whatever form of amnesty when he has killed people when he has a main people he has rendered people homeless he has turned the country into another thing in fact they've rendered our economic value less and all those things and you are still considering for for amnesty when those who are victim are somewhere you call idp they cannot even eat they cannot even sleep well they're not even enjoy anything and you are you are you are you are celebrating people key them who rendered them homeless who rendered them who has rendered them made them become widow and widower and you are widower and you and you are you know it's ridiculous to even think of that program at all to to think that you just reject somebody and then give him you see we are having this problem in this country of in security because the government seem to have a make a crime a good venture or a good business in the to say because a a situation whereby i commit crime you beg me or pardon in the name of your part you are you are doing amnesty or whatever you offer me a good things of life money or some other facility or even job that people are looking for free of charge and then you say other people will not think of a going to the same crime you see with the government is not even very well because there's no way people are not being punished i'm not aware that most people who have been arrested or taken for committing this crime we're talking about any court facing any trial any criminal serious criminal action is the institution whereby government itself will give excuses for why people are committing crime we are i i i remember a governor in particular part of the north i think it's something also i'm not too sure of the of the state giving excuses for why people are committing the crime they are committing that's the those are called banditry and another another another quantity is that we try to always say in an attempt to to help those who are committing crime we've trivialize the crime by looking for a adjective to qualify what they're doing i don't know i don't know the difference between banditry or insurgency those who are committing the killing people and kidnappers i don't know the difference between them they are all criminals and they deserve to face the consequences of their heart by having tried at the court of law and we have mercy and pity for them i don't know why and if you have mercy or pity for people or sympathy for people who are committing crime there's no way that that crime will stop the crime so the government is not doing the right is not do the right thing in in covering the crime so these are issues that i should be looking to people are the our armies are there fighting living losing their lives and people are outside who have been making them to sleep outside their houses are being compensated how do you think they will feel they will feel bad and that would not help anybody so as far as i'm concerned the government attitude towards the worst fight of this towards this the fight is not encouraging at all and cannot even give them better results because they are not doing the right thing as far as i'm concerned we have we have enough we have what's called this we cannot get to whatever the votes we are told it cannot be used for those who have not been declared a terrorist what you know got what you know acquire the the what's called the facility well i'd like to the agf the agf was quoted yesterday on on tv for to say that the reason why certain things have not been put in play is because they're trying to make sure that they do it in you know is in line with international best practices he even talked about the issue of you know naming these bandits as terrorists because people were asking why it was taking too long for the government to you know start dealing with these bandits as terrorists and he's saying that that the reason why they're stalling is because they're trying to work in line with international best practices but uh you you wanted to say something i just want to i i'd like to disagree with the agf in that because he has only been talking and no action he told us he will release the name of a those who are controlling the this crime or this why i've not seen any he told us like how many how many how many year how many month does he take him to conspire by ipop why is he taking them too long to prescribe what are people are committing crime so as far as i'm concerned it's just it's just a little whatever he's saying as far as far as i'm concerned okay yeah i was just going to say that regarding the amnesty thing even if you're going to grant amnesty first you take them out of circulation you understand let them begin to serve their time get as much information from them as possible process them i'm not saying touch on them process them you've taken them out of the theater of war you've reduced that side and then you can then begin after you have dealt the blow you understand to say okay for this and that because you have cooperated because you've given us information we don't just give you amnesty for putting down weapons you must bring something to the table you've committed crimes you don't just give amnesty like that and then you now hit let millions of Nigerians who cannot afford to go to school you now let them hear that you want to send some of them overseas for studies it's interesting let me just bring something in recently the sotan of so kuto alagisa adab wabakar talked about the fact that lack of love is responsible for insecurity in Nigeria and the very famous human right to activist dillie farrell team he said something and i'd like to just you know put that he says that it would not be true that lack of love is the problem he says the absence of equity he says justice and the rule of law are responsible for everything that is wrong in the country and i want to ask you a question before we wrap things up at the at the heart of this insecurity there obviously is something there is a wrong that is that's allowed for this to brew because we've also seen in 2021 um the fact that they have been more and more non-state actors you know coming up i mean the biggest of them is sunday bow and khanu but there might be more of these people because of the loophole that these things have created so yeah i think that um there are two two ways two sides to it yes lack of equity fairness justice equal opportunity economic opportunities educational opportunities will cause that has led to part of it especially the mandatory aspect um unemployment things like that that's one the other one is that you have people from outside have been coming in there's no lack of opportunity there it's the opportunity they've seen the lack of security the insecurity and whatever that's the opportunity they're taking they're coming in to cause mayhem for whatever reason either religious i'm talking Boko Haram either religious either i don't know ideology or what have you so we're fighting not just one we're fighting several battles and unfortunately it seems that our government and i dare say the um hierarchy of the armed forces they seem to be at their witsend they seem to be in the deep end you know not knowing what to do they're just throwing the army at them you need a different form of um i'm not a security expert but it's obvious that this is a different form of um thing and the economy will not improve if there's insecurity it's a vicious cycle and if it doesn't improve you have more young people unemployed inflation going up more people want to rob and government can't do anything you have a police force that is not totally engaged so the governors continue to negotiate and every time you give them money they have more money to buy weapons and the borders are still porous you are not doing anything with the immigration with the customs with the borders so those who are coming in will keep coming in so we have a lot of problems well this is a sad one but on that very gloomy note i'm going to say thank you to latifah johnson to mjadullah me the both legal practitioners on our next segment we're going to be talking about of course the fact that we are in campaign season and the elections are around the corner what needs to be done but gentlemen thank you for being part of the conversation thank you all right well we'll take a quick break when we come back uh we discussed security challenges facing the campaign and election season our guest is standing by stay with us


Hello, everyone. Thanks for coming in. So I'm Rashmi Krishnayasati. I'm a principal engineer working with Amazon Keyspaces. And joining with me today, I have Rohan Gupta, who is the other engineer working with Amazon Keyspaces for Apache Cassandra. And today, we'll start with Amazon Keyspaces overview on what it is and how we built it. We'll talk about how we architected it to be highly scalable and highly available as well. And we'll also talk about the features of Amazon Keyspaces. And Rohan here will also be talking in detail about how they were built to provide a seamless experience for the customers. And we'll end the session with some key takeaways and any Q&A that you might have. So Amazon Keyspaces for Apache Cassandra is a scalable, highly available, and fully managed database service. It's Apache Cassandra compatible. That means that you can use your SQL code to manage your tables, create tables, manage tables, read and write data, anything that you can do with a regular Cassandra. You can use your regular drivers, developer tools that you already use. Using Amazon Keyspaces is as simple as changing your Cassandra endpoint to Amazon Keyspaces service endpoint. And it automatically works everything. And you can use your Cassandra migration tools to migrate any data you need from one place to the Amazon Keyspaces. And it is fully managed, which means it doesn't have any servers that you have to manage. No servers. It also doesn't have any tombstone, compaction strategies that you have to manage. It's basically managed by Amazon Keyspaces, meaning by us, behind the scenes for you. And we'll talk about in detail a little bit more about how we land up doing that as we talk through the architecture. And serverless also means that you don't have to provision, configure, or operate this large Cassandra clusters. The tables in this with Cassandra or the Amazon Keyspaces will automatically scale up and down. And depending upon the provision mode or the on-demand capacity mode that you land up using, you can automatically, your tables can scale up and down depending on the load that is coming in. And it's virtually unlimited scale, which means that there is no limit on the size of the table or the number of rows that you have in the table. And at that virtually unlimited size, you still get single digit millisecond performance. And it's highly available, meaning that we provide 59 SLA with multi-region replication and 49 SLA for a single region Keyspaces table. And it integrates with a lot of other AWS services that we already have today, be it like AWS Identity and Access Management for authentication, KMS for encryption keys, and AWS CloudWatch for providing the data that the metrics, for example, like about if you want to understand how is your Keyspaces table doing in terms of throttling, metrics, performance, etc. All of that data will be readily available for you to build a dashboard on or anything with the Amazon AWS CloudWatch system. So thousands of customers across financial sectors, banking, media, entertainment are already using AWS Keyspaces for their Cassandra workloads. And we even have some customers like Intu to have migrated 100 plus terabyte workload to Amazon Keyspaces. So looking back at the architecture, right? Like this, let's say we take through the select query, right? We have the architecture where the client application is talking to Keyspaces. The Keyspaces itself uses Apache Cassandra's modular architecture, but it is reimagined to provide a fully managed service. So what does that mean? So behind the scenes, when you provide this Keyspaces endpoint, we go ahead and resolve the DNS and that gives you a endpoint to choose from, right? Like, so which connects to one of the Amazon Keyspaces node. The first thing that we land up doing is authenticate and authorize your request. And for this, we integrate with AWS identity and access management, also commonly known as IAM. And with IAM, you actually get a lot of fine-grained access control policies with which you can decide who can or can't access your tables and you can control it at per operation, like in terms of like select, insert, et cetera, right? Once we know the request is secure, at that point we actually go ahead and route this request to the storage partition to fetch that data. And the storage here is built based on the learnings from building other massive large scale databases which can handle millions of requests too. And we maintain multiple copies of this data so that the requests are, your data is highly durable, highly available and secure as well. And the storage is also built in such a way that we take care of this garbage collection, TTL, compaction, et cetera, that you normally see with Cassandra workloads, right? And we'll talk in a little bit more detail of how is the storage actually partitioned in the next few slides. So that's for the select. What happens with an insert, for example? With an insert, the request is still going through the authentication authorization, then it hits one of the storage partitions and the storage partition now ensures that it talks to the other storage partitions in the system, right? And by default, Amazon KeysPaces provides you with a local quorum consistency. This means that it ensures that at least two of the storage partitions have durably written this data before we acknowledge it back. So zooming out, we have a client application hitting the service endpoint, but we have many service endpoints across different availability zones. We have different key space services, nodes, and then we have multiple storage partitions. Like you can see, we show at least three availability zones here because we replicate the data at least in three availability zones. And we do this so that even if one availability zone is impaired, for example, in this case, AZ2 is impaired, we will re-resolve the DNS to an endpoint which is actually active right now and then your request will be flowing through without any interruption. They will just be routed through a different endpoint which is actively working and you should not be able to see any availability or performance impacts with it. So that's how we understand how this request flow works. Let's understand how the table data itself is organized. So at a high level, the table is basically made of multiple storage partitions and it is divided based on the key spaces, like specific parts of the tables are stored and certain storage partitions. And we are cognizant of how much a partition can perform. We lift that to 3000 RCUs or 1000 WCUs and one RCU or read capacity unit is basically capable of providing up to four KB of data. So if you're doing, let's say, SLAT which is returning you eight KBs of data, we consume like two RCUs or tokens behind the scenes. And in case of, let's say, this is where the local quorum consistency, but if it's like a local one consistency, then we consume half of that because now we can just distribute your request to across all of these storage partitions more equally and use more of your resources. And with a WCU, one WCU or write capacity units can provide you up to one KB of data read. And by default, there's a local quorum consistency. And we limit it to this much because we want that limit on how much in each storage partition can handle because that way we know we can scale and we can scale without having a noisy neighbor impact or any other issues that you might land up seeing. So what happens if, you know, now customer wants additional throughput, then we basically land up dynamically increasing the number of partitions so that we get actually double the throughput or double the storage as well, right? And we do this without, you know, the customer really recognizing this, like, you know, we do this behind the scenes and customers can provide us hand by increasing their RCU or WCU on the table and we land up increasing there as well. So this works great, but what if there is a skew in this request pattern, right? Like, even if it's all uniform, then it scales, it just divides and like you can get the double the throughput, for example. In case of a skewed pattern, let's take this example, like for partition A, let's assume that like there is a sustained traffic on this partition, like let's say row foo and row bar. So now your throughput is also limited. So what we land up doing in that particular case is the system is constantly monitoring for such a use case, where if it reaches above a certain utilization, we automatically go and identify, you know, hey, where is this hotness or heat coming from, right? And we go ahead and ensure that we divide or split this partition in such a way that the row foo and row bar are in two different partitions so that you can double your throughput without any issues. Right, and this splitting of partitions also help you with storage as well. So that's basically the high level architecture. Now Rohan will talk us about like, you know, some of the features that we have today and like, you know, how we build that, like let's say point in time recovery, and time to leave, and like all of those features that you land up seeing with Cassandra as well. Oh, hey everyone. My name is Rohan Gupta, and I'm a software engineer on the Amazon Keyspaces team. And I'll be today walking you through some of the key features offered by Amazon Keyspaces and how we actually build them. So starting with point in time recovery or Pitter. So Pitter basically helps you to recover your data in case of accidental deletions or updates. And Pitter has absolutely no impact on the performance or the scalability or the availability of the data. Yeah, and so with Pitter, you can restore your table to any second in time within the past 35 days. And how we do Pitter is you can actively select the table or you choose your tables, which you want to enable the Pitter on, and the pricing is based on the size of the table. And it is like very, it's highly recommended to enable Pitter on all your production tables. So how did we actually vent and build Pitter behind the scenes? So let's dive a bit deeper into the architecture. So as Darshmi mentioned before, like a table is comprised of multiple storage partitions. And so let's take an example of a table, which has like three partitions, blue partition, purple partition and orange partition. So we are building logs for each partition independently and we are storing them in our S3 bucket. And yeah, so we basically periodically and continuously backup these logs in S3. And in addition to the logs, we are also taking snapshots of the table data from time to time. And we are encrypting these snapshots with the Amazon KMS key or the customer provided CMK. And so why do we basically take snapshots? So basically this is an optimization over just storing logs. If we try to build the restored copy of the table just with the logs, it will take us a longer time and that increases the time to do Pitter. So basically this is an optimization to reduce the total time taken for Pitter. And for a given table for each partition, we are storing the logs and snapshots together. So at a particular time, we have multiple snapshots and logs for the table in S3. Now let's say a customer, you as a customer, you delete some of your data that you didn't intend to or you do some updates that was not supposed to do. So key spaces makes it really simple and easy to recover your data to a previous good state. To do that basically, we take a restore time from the customer and we first validate that it is a valid restore time. It is in the past 35 days and once that is validated, we go further and we go into the S3 and we look for the snapshot which has the most recent version of your data. Once we get the snapshot, we take the restore time and the snapshot time and we get the logs between those and we apply forward any changes that happen to the snapshot. And yeah, so we do this process continuously for all the partitions which basically results into the whole restore table. Now moving on to another feature which is time to live or we call it TTL. With TTL, you can basically insert a row or a cell with the TTL value which is in seconds and basically the row disappears after that certain seconds. So queries don't return expired rows or cells and records are removed from the storage by a background compaction process and which is typically within 10 seconds, within 10 days. And this does not have any impact on the performance or availability of the table as well because this process is completely asynchronous and this runs as a background process. So how do we actually do the compaction in background? Let's dive a bit deeper into this. So we have a fleet of hosts for this particular use case and we already mentioned that we continuously take the snapshots of the table and store in S3 to do pitter and we use the same snapshots to do the TTL compactions as well. And why do we use the snapshot? If we directly go and do a read on a table, that will be a very costly operation for both us and the customer. So instead we use the snapshots instead to do the use case. So basically TTL hosts go to the S3, it gets the partition, the most latest snapshots, it then compacts the snapshot, it basically removes the expired cells and rows and it then right back to the storage partitions. And all this happens in the background. So it does not have any performance impact. Now let's see another feature which we recently launched, multi-region replication. Multi-region replication helps you to get a fully managed active to active replication across all AWS regions, which helps customer to basically build globally distributed applications. And you can read and write data to any region across the globe. And the replication lag within regions is typically within a second. So how does multi-region replication actually work? First the application writes data into the table in a given region. Then the table, then the data is successfully written in that particular local region across three AZs. And then we send the success back. And finally that data, we have a replication service which basically send the log records across the other regions configured in the multi-region key space. And the other region basically accepts those inserts. And this step happens asynchronously in key spaces. What about handling conflicts? Like in key spaces architecture, we don't have a leader. So all nodes can have inserts at the same time. How do we handle conflicts for the same keys? So in key spaces, the last writer wins. We use that method of data reconciliation. And all regions agree to the latest update based on the cell level timestamp. And but there can be cases that the timestamps are equal. In that case, we go with the larger value of the data type, of the cell basically. So we have a strict ordering. We do a strict ordering of the data type and we then select the largest value out of those. So for example, if it's a string, we take the lexicographically larger string. So Jello will be greater than hello. So Jello will be accepted. In case of integer is the larger integer. And in case of collections, we do a canonical ordering of the data type and we figure out the bigger out of the collection. Yeah, so basically all nodes across follow in key spaces across all the regions follow the same data reconciliation process, which makes this whole process more deterministic. And this basically results into the same image of the item across all regions. And any conflicts or divergence in key spaces is automatically handled. So moving on to some of the key takeaways. Amazon key spaces is serverless, which means customers don't have to provision, patch, or manage any servers. They don't have to install, maintain, or operate any kind of software. Customers don't have to worry about configuring other processes like compaction strategies, managing tombstones, JVMs, garbage collections, et cetera. Table is made of multiple storage partitions, which are spread across multiple servers across regions, across availability zones in a region. And we offer high traffic isolation and partition splits for better throughput and more storage. And there's virtually unlimited storage and throughput for a table. And finally, we're fully managed with a per table granularity. Many of our features work at a per table level, like Pitter and TTL, and they do not impact, enabling them to not impact the performance or the availability of the table. We have some other sessions going on in the summit. You should attend like, they're quite informative. And we have a workshop also going on, that's tomorrow at 11.50, which you can attend, and we have a dinner reception. And if you have any detailed question, we also have a booth where you can drop by and we can answer any of your questions. And yeah, and we're open to any questions. Yep, please go ahead. So behind the scenes, right? So at the end of the day, what you're looking at is for a given key, right? So Cassandra is also like basically a key value lookup. So for a given key, it's basically we calculate what we call it as like hash of that key. And based on that hash of that key, we go and figure out like, which is the right partition to actually store or route this request to. And this is where the one thing that we didn't talk about in these slides is like, we also have another thing like metadata systems, which actually provide you that data. So let's say if the storage partitions basically become bigger or larger, if we have to split, then that is basically pushed back through metadata systems. We get him back directly from storage partitions to the key spaces, key spaces nodes, or through metadata systems. We get that hint back now saying that, like, hey, this data is now split. So these are the new partitions now. So this is where you need to route your next request too. And this is basically an atomic operation when the split happens. It's like, we have three nodes and then it becomes kind of like a six node cluster where it now becomes like two child partitions. And that process is basically atomic. So at any point in time, there's only one partition just taking that request. I think, I mean, we might, I mean, we have some data on like how key spaces performs in terms of like single digit millisecond performance, et cetera. And if you're looking for exact benchmark, maybe you can come by the booth and if we can talk in more detail about like exactly what type of performance you're looking at, like, is it availability? Is it latencies? Is it the cost performance that you're looking at? So there is like usually various factors that come into picture when you're looking at a specific performance.  I could actually take that one. Currently, we don't support adding replication regions to a multi-region key space, but we support creating new tables or new key spaces, net new. Yeah, so currently we cannot support that feature as of now, but you can, we have certain timelines. I think you can come to our booth and we can, you can, the product team can help you with that. The Cassandra features, was this 11 sun key spaces features, exactly don't work in a similar fashion in terms of like the version deprecations or that you see with 3.11x and everything. But that being said, like, you know, we do have like a feature roadmap to keep it, you know, to support more and more of those features that you also see with Cassandra 5 or other things. But yeah, if there is a specific feature that you're interested in, like we could definitely work with our product team here. Like, I mean, we have meat here, like who can help you with like trying to understand, like, you know, what feature you're interested in and like where in that, where in our roadmap does that align to ship? And when you say performance, are you talking about the price per? Got it. Currently, we don't provide any SLAs for latencies. What we kind of promise is like single legit millisecond latencies at any kind of scale that you want, but we don't provide a specific SLA. You had a question? We have it. So we integrate with like Amazon CloudWatch. So you can go on, you can tune, you can see your metrics for inserts or yeah. So you can basically monitor your latencies using CloudWatch. So usually there are kind of different classes of metrics. Like, let's say if you're looking at performance, you can look at your latencies per operation, per table that you have, like we also put in like, you know, throttles, for example, we kind of also show your capacity utilization metrics. Like for example, like what is your provision capacity, consume capacity, those kind of things as well. So there is usually an array of different types of metrics. Kind of yes. So if you're looking for specific operation level, like specific key, like specific things, like, I mean, you could, like what the service level things that you kind of see in the CloudWatch is like aggregated at the operation and at the table level, like if you want more detailed metrics, like if you're debugging something, for example, like one of the things that you can also do is like integrate with other systems like AWS X-Ray, for example, to get those detailed metrics of like, you know, hey, what is my queries? How long did it take? Like at your client level as well. To add that, we also have a CloudTrail integration for DDL operations. So that also gives you an insight. Yeah, especially if you want to audit, like the rights that is going on in your systems. No, not right now. I mean, are you kind of curious about like a tech search, like vector search, and just curious about like your use case, got it? No, right now we don't provide that. I mean, it's basically still a key value looker, but yeah. I think, yeah. Thank you. Thank you for coming. Thank you. Thank you.


What's up everybody, I'm Jason Irvijas from casebrakes.com and it's a new release day and it is a brand new product Just brand new upper deck stature hockey 12 box case break prediction number two We're gonna give away a hundred dollars in break credit if you buy two or more teams So how easy is that? You buy two teams in this break you get one entry into the hundred dollar giveaway by four teams You get two entries six teams get three entries etc etc winter take all so we will Alphabetize these customer names and at the end of the break we'll give away some break credits to customers that buy into this And here you go Here's the second case And it says PY2 right there 12 bucks in there Here's everybody in the break might get last on all your blue jackets Good good luck. So these cartridges look very very sharp guys if you haven't seen them just yet You're watching the replay on YouTube or if you're watching live and you haven't seen them very very nice And as you can see it's so popular That it's selling pretty quick Nice for number three. All right. So like I said, that'll be my last break with you guys today And then Joe will be back on here till about nine o'clock We'll do that. Good luck guys. I think just for the interest of time These base we're just gonna put them over here and I'll penny-steam at the end of the break Nice Merce Lincoln's and one penny-steam all the numbered stuff Clem Colston who's gonna run you got Patrice Bergeron Rob Copetar a couple times of the selfie But good player though East Coast by Bruins We got Joe Faraby Liars going to John Paul. Well, it's a star Josh Little Wayne Gretzky for the Oilers number to 75 Kevin these are 75 points so fits perfectly in 75 point and we got Oliver Wolstern No worries. No worries bro. Chat it up. Chat it all up I'd rather have customers chatting than it just be quiet And I start hearing crickets in my head. I don't know if we're gonna have any of these for personal guys with this stuff It's beautiful Bruins still hidden for the Esposito Joe Pearson Oilers, that's a rookie. We got Leibor Heijak 35 flyers and we got Ryan Kufner autographed there for the Detroit Redwoods John called and we got a little rookie Jack Hughes start right there for you Mike. I'm Alice, right? 13 going on 31 just the numbers flip man. That's all for this break No, luminance on that should be the right one Dennis Gilbert Tornin ski blue jackets are a little red to 75 Bruins just hidden Coleman John has the Bruins. Wow. This is a one-of-one Jack Hughes Holy schnike ease. Oh my god. What a beaut On release day one-on-one Jack Hughes little patch autographed by the stature very nice, I mean We're not talking Connor McDavid money right here, but it's pretty good. That's definitely money back I mean you can't really put a price tag on one-on-one though Especially since this is like the first time stature has ever come out So, I mean, it's definitely really nice. Yeah, it's like 19 years old you know place for the Devils Devils not the best team right now, so Give that guy give that guy a shot, you know Trevor Moore and Sam Lafferty 45 for the Pittsburgh Penguins going to David Duffy.  You have you have the ladies in this, right? Okay, it's not totally dead. We got a Chris cellos to grasp Lost the Rhine This is a nice Glenn Hall like the rainbow Gretzky this time out of 149 Joel Esperance Dallas stars Going to SKS. All right, excellent. Yeah.  They're at Hayton. Nico Heecher Morgan Frost.  That's a nice one right there a little Bobby Hall Ray Bork Naren Pullman Trevor Moore Kirby Dutch man. He had two Kirby Dutch is one of the first half one of the second half I don't know if Black looks for the same customer, but it looks like Mike has him on this side. There you go. It's a great case and Jesper Bulk was more for the Devils nice autograph to Gusev Carlson Adam Bulk was Chris cellos to 49. Are they related? Are they brothers? Good Chuck Blue Jackets Senors Belsters Seth Jones Jesper again to 49 ready to chuck box to 45 our next three boxes guys Member number three is also sold out. I'll be breaking that as well. There's a patch auto in here too guys So we have at least two patch autographs of this side Joe Sackic ready to chuck Volkoff the lightning is it and I'll be crazy if you call the Josh we got A ferraro all right to red am Atkinson and it is 12 out of 12 What a patch though very nice for the blue jackets Mike last spot mojo Should have made it out of 13 and it would have been a Jersey number as well too Well, like I said guys, I haven't seen much of these I don't like to look at other people break it until I break it at least so I don't know how the cases look This could have been a loaded case. This could have been an average case I don't know obviously with the one-on-one. It's not an average case But we'll see how the next cases and pick it to number three and see what how that goes and if not Joe will see What the second half looks like for you guys Joey the core little pastor now to Esposito Barcoff I'm pulling our last box guys Trying to get you something here Kevin. I know it could be rough though rough ski They're hating we got some Warren Jake Gensel Eric Stahl Ignore what the she says and go with what you those are the winners of the boxes. So Yeah, each one has a box here So just match them up basically the bases are in the slider box the rest of it's the hit Ooh, look at that Igor right there. That's a nice one. That's the first time I see him With that number two 15 out of 35 and the last one here is a Ben Bishop For the Dallas Stars. Let's go into SKS So there you go guys, that was a break Pretty solid one. I know there's some teams that may have went here this guy's but that's just the way it goes Second our break number three is also sold out in new case new opportunities there So there you go little bishop Igor Cohen Fox both of us Jesper both of us dodge Frost those Bronx Gretzky Lafferty Coolman Hughes Kufner Some of the bigger stuff over here guys Cam Atkinson Suzuki And a true one-on-one Jack Hughes patch autograph of stature Day one pretty nice guys Pretty sure you guys now. Let's give away a hundred dollars in break credit though That's a little extra right there if you went here listen you bought two teams so that kind of helps So let's see So Christopher you got two you're in David got two you're in Edward one Eric one Jeremy one John would call one two three four So john you get two entries John Paul John R.  Oh, so say I'll say something. It smells like it's burning All right, roll the dice and it's a four to four eight times eat the hard way Number one gets a hundred dollars in break credit one two three four five six It's a cup of noodle, isn't it? Yeah seven and eight. I knew I smelled like a cup of noodle and after eight times John McCall there you go man a hundred dollars in break credit coming your way. Appreciate you guys. Jasper's case breaks.com


Hey guys welcome back my name is Susheel Singh and this is continuation of SQL Server interview questions and answers. So today I am going to discuss one more question which is related to interviews and this question is totally related to attendance. So let's move to another slide. So in our second slide you can see we have an input table and it contains four columns. First column is employee ID, second is employee name and third is working day and fourth is attendance. So any employee which is working in any organization is work for any day. So here you can see employee ID one, employee name is join and working day is 15, 3 and 18. So on this day join attendance is present for another day where is 16, 3 and 18 and join is also present. And for the 17th, 3 and 18 you can see join is absent for another employee which is Howard. So 15, 3, 18 Howard was present but 16 and 17 Howard was absent. So you can say we want output where it has four columns, first is employee ID, second is employee name and third is present and another is absent. So we want to split these attendance in rows two columns. So how we can achieve this output by using SQL Server. So let's move to SQL Server Management Studio where we will understand how we can achieve this output. So this is our SQL Server Management Studio and I am using SQL Server 2014. So here I have already typed the query so it will save the time. So here I have written create table and table name is employee attendance tbl and then it has four columns as I have discussed in slide. So it has primary key which is composite primary key and it is on employee ID and working day. So here you can see we can directly execute this query to create the table. Once we have executed this query table has been created successfully. So now I am going to insert the record on this table. So we have already typed the query. So we can directly select and we can see the output. So this is our output. We can match this output with our slide. So this input table and this output is same. So we can directly insert to our table. So we can execute this query. This query has been executed successfully and six row affected. So six row has been inserted into our table. Now we can select and we can see this is our table and table has been created successfully with input data. Now we need to write the query by which we will get the appropriate result. So we need to write select then from and this is our table. So we have to write the table name. So we can copy from there and we can paste it here. So now we want only four columns. First is employee ID, second is employee name. So we can simply write EMP ID as it is and then EMP name. And then we want present and absent. So here this is our input table and in input table you can see present and absent. Both are present in rows. So we need to split these rows in our columns. So how we can do? We have to use the case. So now case and then when now I am going to check where attendance is equals to present. So if this value is present then I am going to return one else I am going to result zero. So this is our end. So as we can say this is our present. So we can write the alias name for the same and this is present. Now we can execute this query and we can see it's going to we execute these queries at a single time so we can compare between them. So this is employee ID one where employee name and the present. So present is one. So we can see for join we have to present. So here it's going to result to present. One absent so it will return zero. So we can copy this case statement and execute this case statement for the absent. And here we can remove this present from absent. So and we also need to remove this alias name from present to absent. So we can do this. And now we can execute this query and we will get the result. Now we don't want to see the data as we have displayed here. We want to summarize the data. So we have to use group by and we can use the sum for these present and as well as absent. So we have to write some for these two. And now we have to use group by on the behalf of employee ID and employee name. So we need to write group by and employee ID and employee name. Now we can execute and here we can see we are going to get the result as I have displayed in slide. So this is our slide. We are getting employee ID one which is joined and present is two and absent is one. So in our output we can see join present is two, absent is one. So data has been matched. Now we need to write the order by. So we have to write order by on the behalf of employee ID. So we will get the same result as I have displayed. So I hope you have understand how we can achieve this output by using SQL server. So if you like this video please subscribe our channel for many more videos. If you need this script it will available on my Facebook page. You can copy from there. Thank you so much for watching.


Today's episode is sponsored by Squarespace Well, good morning Actually, nothing's good about it. I'm sick and losing my voice again. Anyway enough side plot as I'm sure you're aware There are a lot of cool lens filters out there and also warm ones Lately I've really been exploring this dark low contrast hyper red scale look and I wanted to take it to the next level My main inspiration is definitely that radiated Vegas scene in Blade Runner 2049 After watching the behind-the-scenes of that movie. I found out that they used a lot of reference from a dust storm that occurred in Australia in 2009 and yeah, while I do like the look of these shots that I know filter raw dog on red scale There was still one glaring issue. They still did not have that atmospheric Haze texture so I started looking into ways to recreate it artificially and in my deep web research I found the Tiffin smoke filter the smoke filter comes in several variations of density Whereas the usual higher number means a stronger effect. I decided to go with a three on this one, which is pretty dense I wanted something that would strongly display the effect overall before we hit the field I just wanted to officially say Tiffin has nothing to do with this video I purchased this filter completely independently with my own money That I stole from Monica's purse With the filter in hand and on board the camera I was finally off to the races I Started off at this car wash that I've driven by a couple times to throw eggs at the washed cars And it always looked kind of cool at night I made the executive decision to shoot handheld that evening for some reason that I can't possibly put into words But maybe premier can That was a 130th Red scale is a variable ISO film.  Cool This shot had a lot of potential and so did this one, but sadly there just wasn't enough light Don't worry. I do get my act together later on and do use a tripod This shot is good You don't really see the effect of the smoke filter too much, but regardless it definitely looks haunted So how does this heavy diffusion filter differ from something like a promissed or glimmer glass?  Trust me.  Good job, Jason My first stop with the tripod was this automotive shop where I definitely underexposed again I mean at this point it's just a pattern of incompetence, right? All right, taking a picture of a Dunkin Donuts. I feel like I should be getting paid for this Let's take this before the car shows up Nice Focus is good exposure is good f4 one-half Oh, I don't know if you can see this They just Turn these lights off Anyway at classic pastry is where some really went down cool The shot is nice. It looks really isolated against the nighttime backdrop But doubling down from there. I moved the camera around and shot this which may be the best of the roll I maybe would have preferred to back up a little bit But I also didn't want to get hit by a car and have my obituary read something like died semi tragically in front of his favorite place a pastry store It's also a good showcase for the smoke filter a nice haze is washed over both of these shots In this case, it kind of eases off the bright parts and creates a grad into the darkness, which is damn near poetic This shot of the library is nice overall But it may be a strong case as to how the smoke filter can be a bit distracting in some situations I turn these overhead lights into blobs of glow that just shoot your eyeballs straight to them Instead of whatever I was trying to photograph here, which I couldn't even tell you what it is now that I'm looking at it Here's a little pro tip Don't carry around two tripods and film yourself all night.  Here you go There's a single car sitting down there at the end of this, uh Road that's under construction That was that for the roll which definitely ended on a high note A lot of these shots look very noir, which is cool of the 36 exposure roll of lomo red scale I got about 24 keepers and at least one portfolio shot. I might change that later though. A lot of these shots are kind of cool Do you have a deep love or passion for something that you do in life? 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You can start a free trial today at square space comm slash grainy days And if you use the code grainy days at checkout you can get 10 off your first purchase So is the smoke filter awesome enough to threadlock onto your lens permanently? Yeah, I think so. I'm definitely going to keep using it on red scale at the very least I don't know if it really work on any of the other stuff. I typically shoot. Well, I think it's a solid emulation I don't think any filter on the planet can actually Effectively reproduce the look of mist or fog because ultimately what creates that look is the compound effect You get as you go further away from camera in scene depth It separates the layers in your image quite well and no filter can actually render that for you You need the real thing you need real fog But if you can't afford real fog this smoke filter certainly gets you about halfway there And maybe just maybe that filter might for a split second trick the viewer into thinking It's doing exactly what you intended it to do I think Abraham Lincoln said it best when he said that there is truly a time and place for the tiffin smoke 3 filter