It's quiet. Too quiet. Want me to fart? No, don't do that. Well, I'll take away the quietness, there'll be some sound. That's not a mouth sound that bothers me. Unless, if you had... No, I like that sound.  Today we got a video. Thank goodness. Yeah, I was hoping so. Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. Blah, blah, blah, blah. Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. Join us. Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. This is a video called Who Are The Tamils? It's a... Who are the Tamils? Yeah, it's an educational video. It's basically the history of Tamil Nadu and the Tamil Nadu. Freaking awesome. It's 20-something minutes, so strap in here. But it's probably the same channel that we've seen a lot of it. It does like the cartoons of the history. So it's... I remember the last one of those we loved. Yeah, yeah. And I think we've done like the India one, but this is specifically... Awesome. Who are the Tamil Nadu people that I think came out in June of this year? Does Rangbir in it? I hope so, because that's all we care about. That's all that matters because of his connection to the... to millions. Just kidding, guys. Just kidding. Come on. Come on. This video is sponsored by CuriosityStream. Got access to Nebula, a video stream and service made by... They do not sponsor this video. ...creators when you sign up for CuriosityStream. Thanks a lot, NebulaStream. Yeah, really. This is South India, home to the biodiversity hotspots, the Western and Eastern Ghats, the Bengal Tiger, the Neal and Puneetara, the Indian Elephant, and whatever this creature is. It's a joke. India is also the cradle of Tamil culture. Today, there are about 80 million Tamils in the world. That's more than there are French, Colombians, Kenyans. Most Tamils live in North and East Sri Lanka or in the Southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, literally Tamil country. Tamil Nadu is now a state in modern India. Over thousands of years, Tamil Nadu has become a home and home of the Tamils. It's much larger and ruled by independent... I love the Irish accent. ...has to survive in classical civilization because they've managed to keep their beliefs, culture, and language intact for over 2,000 years. But who are the Tamils? What is their story? And what does it have to do with 700 billion dollar golden coconuts? Well, let's find out. I didn't know anything to do with seven golden coconuts. I didn't know there was such a thing as golden coconuts. No, my coconuts are golden. The Tamils, maybe more than any other people, are in love with their language. Tamil writing has been dated for almost a sixth century BCE. In the archaeological site K. Ralee in India, and in the second century BCE at Punakari in Sri Lanka, making it one of the oldest dateable languages still in use. Tamils often call their language Tamardai, which means the Tamil mother. It's more important to the Tamil identity than land, race, or religion. If you want to have the most intense conversation of your entire life, just go ask a Tamil person anything about the Tamil language. Tamils also take pride in the independent origin of their language. See, you can roughly divide India linguistically in half. North Indians genuinely speak languages descended from Sanskrit, an Indo-European language. This language family stretches from North India all the way over to Iceland. South Indian languages like Tamil belong to a completely unrelated language family called Dravidian. Unlike Sanskrit, which is no longer spoken, modern Tamil survives as a living language for millions of speakers. Dravidians do not like it when North India tries to push its culture or language on the set. The earliest clear evidence of Tamil people are urn burials dating from around 1000 BCE at Adich Anador. Amazingly they found evidence there of the worship of a god with a trident and a peacock, fairly like the Hindu Tamil's favourite god today, Murugan. But the Tamils really leap into world history when the Maurya emperor Ashoka mentions the unconquerable southern Tamil kingdoms in his rock inscriptions made between 273 and 222 BCE, which is impressive when you look at that, the Maurya empire essentially conquered everything else. This is right around the beginning of a Tamil golden age known as the Sangham period, lasting from the third century BCE to the third century CE. At this time, Tamilicum was ruled by three Tamil dynasties, the Solas, the Saras and the Panjas. Unfortunately, there were no actual Pandas in the Pandya Kingdom. I know, I know. The Tamil kings were immeasurably rich and used their wealth to sponsor century-long poetry slants called the Sanghams at the Pandya capital, where male and female poets would show off their works. These poets created thousands of poems, books and epic stories called Sangham literature. Sangham literature is unique in how it doesn't seem to belong to any single class or religion. It was written by and concerns Hindus, Jainans, men, women, farmers, kings, pandas, non-pandas and everyone in between. One great Sangham poet, Poon Koon Kringar, emphasised the equality of all humans, saying, I am a citizen of the world and everyone in the world is related to me. This was quoted by one of India's most beloved presidents, the Tamil Muslim Aerospace Scientist Abdul Kalam at the European Parliament in 2007. The Sangham literature tells us about a rich, cosmopolitan and multi-ethnic Tamil speak in society two thousand years ago, where Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism all co-existed peacefully, where kings would even invite priests to public debates on their beliefs. Sangham poems describe Madurai as so rich that it had a moth with secret underground passages large enough for elephants, Greek mercenaries and evidence gates, and the scent of perfume could be smelled miles away from the city. Where there were folks of every race, bullion and selen in the bazaars, or singing to the music of wandering bands. So how were the Tamils so rich? The ancient world was like a bland, flavourless, unseasoned mess. It tasted a lot like English food. The Tamils taught everyone the way of the spice. The first century CE Greek manual for sailors, the periplus of the Eritrean sea, says that the Tamils export pepper and other spices along with dimes, woven textiles, pearls, ivory, Malabatrum and other luxury items. What's Malabatrum? Who cares? It sounds luxurious though. Another major export was cotton and silk clothing woven by women. Indian women would dominate this global trade for the next two thousand years. Tamils traded so much that Pliny the Elder said, India takes one hundred million Cisterces from our empire per year at a conservative estimate. That's about ten tons of gold. China had the silk road, the Tamils had the flavour highway. No, the spice boulevard. Whatever. They made themselves the centre for global trade network that linked Europe, the Middle East, Africa, India, Southeast Asia and China. We discovered massive funds of Chinese, Iranian and Roman coins along the ancient Tamil coast. Tamil inscriptions have been found as far apart as Egypt and Thailand. The statue of the Hindu goddess Lakshmi got buried at Pompeii and Tamil ambassadors met with Augustus Caesar in 20 CE. This trade means Tamil cooking the first international cuisine in the world. The word orange comes from the Tamil nadam. Ginger comes from Tamil inchiver and rice in loads of European languages comes from the Tamil arisi. Without the Tamil, Ireland's greatest contribution to world cuisine, the spice bag would not exist. And honestly, I don't want to live in that kind of world. You and Roman cookbooks had over 300 recipes using Indian spices from ostrich curry to tasty peppered brain sausage. Or everyone's favourite, another accident. The cookbook is in the description in case you need a lecture. Tamils got so rich off their trade routes that just one temple, the Patmanal Pasadami temple, whose vaults were recently opened, has a treasure worth over $700 billion. This was accumulated over thousands of years from the donations from Tamil dynasties like the Seras, the Panjas, the Palavas and the Solo. Some of the things in the temple include this golden Mahavishnu statue, tens of thousands of gold coins, a solid gold tron, golden elephants, a five meter long diamond necklace, and my personal favourite, a 30 kilogram solid gold coconut.  There are still unopened vaults in this temple, so we're still unsure of how to find that. It's not the year to open those vaults. And craft people worked across Southeast Asia and lived in small communities there. Tamil merchants didn't just trade pepper with Southeast Asia, they traded the spiciest thing of all, ideas. From the 4th century CE on, kingdoms from Thailand to Vietnam to Indonesia were ruled by Hindu kings and wrote using Tamil writing. Modern Khmer, Japanese and Thai scripts all descend in the Tamil Palava script. The greatest monument to this cultural exchange is the originally Hindu temple of Angkor Vat in Cambodia, the largest religious structure on earth. By the end of the 13th century, we even find the Tamil Hindu temple, dedicated to Shiva, all the way over in the Chinese port of Xinzhou, where a small Tamil community lived. The wealth and fame of the Tamil lands invited more than just merchants. A small Jewish community could be found in Kochi in the 6th century BCE. More even came as refugees after the destruction of the 2nd temple in 70 CE. And according to local tradition, the Jews were followed by Saint Thomas, the apostle of Jesus, who landed in India in 52 CE and started converting people to Christianity. From Thomas, India's current Syrian Christian community claims descent. In 629 CE, a mosque was built by Muslim merchants in Muziris. And you can still go visit it today, or a part of it at least, because the Portuguese blew it up in 1504. It's still cool, you can still see some of it. Okay, so we're going to do a little time jump here. Let's see. Invaded by Buddhist warrior tribes, Chinese and Buddhism take over for a bit, rising from the Calava dynasty into Revive. Ah, here it is. And after the Sangha period, the next great Tamil golden age happened under the Solar dynasty, between the 9th and 13th centuries. Their greatest king, Rajasola, rose to the throne in 98 CE. I can't believe that's how it's pronounced. Rajasola, a kingdom into an empire that conquered most of South India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. The Sola used their massive navy, the largest in Asia at the time, to control the trade routes between Southeast Asia and China. When the Sri Vijaya Empire threatened to block Sola access to the Straits of Malacca, the Sola's launched massive naval attacks across Indonesia, and even kidnapped some mission of the Canary, and no one ever messed with their trade routes ever again. A long-wooded army contained 60,000 war elephants, the Sola king's personal guard, or women bodyguards trained in Tamil martial arts and weapons. There are also mentions of women working at the places of the masses and using their own money in their own donations. That's an ante you don't want to mess with. Rajasola poured his enormous wealth into building massive temples in a style called Dravidian architecture. The most well-known of these being the Rajaraja Jay Swara Temple in Tanjivore. This 66-meter tall, soren monument was one of the tallest in the world on one of the smaller Sola slash Dravidian architecture. It's also brand new. One of the Yaratan Swara temples that can't come to Sola. Put them down, and the Champa Kares Huvala. I want to measure everything my dad did to beat us down. Sola temples also act as banks. These temples received massive donations from the royal, and then they offered loans from those donations to farmers, villages and merchants. Sola temples became this weird vehicle for redistributing wealth and reinvesting it in arts and local communities, making everyone richer. It's no wonder why when Marco Polo came here in 1273 he called the Sola lands the richest province on earth. Sola power declined in the 12th and 13th century. Buddhism and Islam replaced Hinduism in Southeast Asia, and Tamil lands in Kerala drifted away and developed their own language and culture, which resulted in the modern Mellayalam language. Okay, so we're going to need to do another time job. You have Muslim invasions from the North, rise of the Vijayanagara, who built the world's second largest city, arrival of the Portuguese, destruction of the Vijayanagara by Muslim armies, Tamil lands fractured into small states, and here it is. No. No. No. It can't be. Not you. Not you again. Tell me Harold, here's a smashing of civilization you've got there. It would be a shame if someone were to pull under it. Tamilakum was split into small states in the 17th century. But we don't hurt their feelings in a movie. Yeah, we don't say anything bad about them, why would we? By the end of the 18th century, most of South India was under British rule. The Tamils resisted the British invasion. One example is that of the Queen of Shivaganga, Velu Nachya. To protect her kingdom from invasion, she built an army to resist the British Imperials. This army included a regiment of women soldiers.  Kulili and her fellow warriors easily entered the temple as worshippers because the British taught women or handlers. Unable to sneak weapons in, they poured oil over Kulili, who then set herself on fire and left into the ammunition depot, blowing it up and securing victory for her queen in the following battles. Becoming the first woman martyr in India's long battle for freedom. The split acts like this by 1858, the British crown at sea's control of all of India. Famine quickly swept South India between 1876 and 1878, killing 8 million people. With the area devastated by famine, the British could dismantle the over 2,000-year-old Tamil textile industry. Now, the hungish textile manufacturers would compete with Tamil textile, so they destroyed all the Indian looms. Then they pushed Tamils out of work as craftspeople and onto tea, sugar, coffee and opium plantations in India or sent them off across the empire as indentured servants. John Sullivan, a colonial official in Southern India, said, under their own dynasties, all the revenue that was collected in the country was spent in the country. Our system acts pretty much like a sponge, drawn up all the good things from the banks of the Ganges and squeezing them out on the banks of the Tainans. That's bad. That's the philosophy of imperialism. In 1947, in the first two decades of Indian independence, language became a battlefield in India. In 1950, India, the most spoken language in India, was selected as the sole official language of the country. When 1965 picked as the year, the change over from English would happen. Speakers of the Dravidian languages in the South didn't like Hindi because it was Sanskrit. They considered more alien than English. As 1965 approached, thousands of Tamil student protestors showed Hindi never, English ever in the streets of Saini. Four students set themselves on fire as a symbol of non-violent protest. If any political parties made it clear that if Hindi became the official language of India, then Tamil Nadu would secede from India. The protestors won. The official languages Act Amendment of 1967 ensured the continued use of English alongside Hindi as the official language of India up until today. Even now in India, Tamil Nadu is famous for its independent streak, love of its culture and language, and for acting as the champion of Dravidian politics against the North. But, Tamils don't only live in Tamil Nadu. Just a few kilometres away from there is the island nation known today as Sri Lanka, where Tamils make up 15% of the population. Sri Lanka is home to several ethnic groups, the mostly Buddhist, Sinhalese, the majority, and the mostly Hindu Tamils are the second largest group. Both groups have been on the island for over 2,000 years. This island was known as Ceylon when it suffered 3 centuries of colonialism under Portugal, the Netherlands and then the British Empire took over in 1796. When the British arrived, they were like, how can I make everything worse? Oh, let's introduce Interethnic Conflict. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, just spur of hatred, the British chose Tamils for higher positions than the Sinhalese in the government. Then in the Sri Lankan Highlands, Sinhalese lands were seized by the British and enslaved Tamils from India were settled there as Trantasian workers. These are Indian Tamils, distinct from the Sri Lankan Tamils who have lived in Sri Lanka for much, much longer. Sri Lankan Tamils live in the North and East, Indian Tamils live in the Central Highlands, and the Sinhalese live essentially everywhere else. When the British got hit with Ceylon, now Sri Lanka in 1948, the majority Sinhalese took control of the island. Sinhalese nationalism exploded and soon anti-Tamil massacres swept the island in 1956, 1958 and 1977, which led to the formation of a guerrilla fighting group known as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam, better known as the Tamil Tigers. On the 31st of May, 1981, the Sri Lankan police burned the Jaffna Public Library to the ground, home to 97,000 books, and containing irreplaceable artifacts of Tamil history. Seeing the fire one Tamil refugee sent, it was as if my entire biography, my history and the history of the Tamils had been destroyed, wiped from the face of the earth as if we did not exist. On July 23rd, 1983, the Tamil Tigers ambushed and killed 15 Sri Lankan soldiers, causing another anti-Tamil massacre to sweep the country in an event known as Black July. The Sri Lankan Civil War had begun. The Tamil Tigers were fighting for an independent Tamil nation in the Tamil parts of the island. As the war dragged on over decades, the Tamils became infamous for inventing the explosive suicide vest and for carrying out a suicide bombing campaign across Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan army retaliated with brutal attacks against the Tamil Tigers, which mostly resulted in the deaths and displacement of tens of thousands of innocent Tamil civilians. The Sri Lankan state is still undergoing investigations for committing a genocide against the Tamil. This bloody war dragged on for 26 years, until the 18th of May 2009, when the leader of the Tamil Tigers, V. Peter Pakaran, was killed and the Tigers surrendered. The war took the lives of over 100,000 people, with 40,000 Tamil civilians being killed in the final few months of the war. These are rough estimates because the proper investigation hasn't been done. The war caused the mass exodus Sri Lankan Tamil refugees to India, Australia, Europe and North America. Today around 8 million Tamils live outside of India and Sri Lanka. From the 19th century onwards, they went as indentured labourers across the British Empire, especially to Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, Fiji, Mauritius and the Caribbean, where many have kept their Tamil identity. Tamil is actually an official language in Singapore and Malaysia. Well, I think now it's time to take a look at Tamil culture. Religion. Today about 88% of the Tamil population of Tamil Nadu are Hindus, 6% are Christians, 5.8% are Muslims and Jains, Buddhists and Sikhs make up the rest. The most important Tamil festival is Thai Pankul, a harvest that took dedicated to the Hindu Sun God, Surya, that usually occurs on the 14th of January. This festival is celebrated by all Tamils regardless of religion though. Pankul means to boil or overflow and refers to the traditional dish of new harvest rice boiled in milk with raw sugar. Pankul celebrations include decorating cows, ritual bathing, parades, prayers, dances, creating art and getting together with friends and family and exchanging gifts. During Pankul in Tamil Nadu you might also see a Jolly Kathu in this over 2000 year old sport, an Indian bull is released into a crowd of people and then attempt to grab the hump on the bull's back with both hands and hang out for as long as possible. Attempting to bring the bull to a full stop does taming the bull. If they do so, they get a prize. If no one tames the bull, the owner of the bull gets a prize. There have been many attempts to ban this sport in recent years which has caused massive popular backlash. Another interesting Tamil holiday is a May festival, the God Aravind, who is worshiped by transgender people called Te Runa in Tamil. At this annual festival at Kovakam you'll see ceremonial marriages between festival goers and our Aravind along with beauty pageants from Vannat. I've not heard about that one. In 2008, Tamil Nadu became the first state in India to allow people to legally identify as a tour gender. Arts, tangible paintings and solar bronzes are some of the Tamil's greatest contributions to world art. But one of the more humble yet distinct features of Tamil art is the column, which decorates the front of almost every Tamil home. These are geometrical and floral designs made of rice flour. Each day the column is crafted by women and then erased the next morning to make room for a new one. Today in Tamil Nadu, huts to five-star hotels will all add column. One of the most tragic pieces of Tamil literature is the Tiruvurl by Tiruvulavar, which had its origins in the Sangam period but was finalized a few centuries after. This is a masterpiece in ethics and living well. The Tiruvurl is made up of three books of wise sayings on virtue, wealth and love, all delivered in quick two-line poems. For example, the greatest virtue of all is non-killing. Truthfulness come at only next. It also stops midway and talks about how to build good farts and I'm always down for some fart talk. Charity and kindness are also key aspects and emphasizes non-violence and vegetarianism. Avoidance of killing and eating the meat of even one animal is more meritorious than a thousand sacrifices. The Tiruvurl is vital to Tamil culture. It pops up in songs, films and books. Every bus in Tamil Nadu is legally obligated to have a verse from the Tiruvurl on it. One of the Tamil's most famous dances is Parathana Theo. This dance tells a story through complicated mood rits or hand gestures, facial expressions and body posture. It also just looks incredible. Food. Rice is the staple of the mostly vegetarian Tamil diet. Bananas and plantains, jackfruit, coconut, lentils, tamarind and mango are also commonly used in greetings along with a huge amount of spices. Traditionally a Tamil meal is eaten off of a banana leaf. Some of the favorite Tamil foods include the light and fluffy idli with fried and spicy vadaai, the crispy dosa and delicious fried banana bonda. And no Tamil dishes to eat without a side of sambar, chutney or in Sri Lanka coconut sambar. Tamils also love their coffee. Yes, filter coffee. Cinema. Tamil people. Super stop. Faced in the Kodabakkam neighborhood in Sinha, the Tamil film industry or Kollywood is the second largest film industry in India. Mani Ratnam's gangster epic Naidakam was included in Thai magazine's 100 best movies of all time. I actually watched a movie with one of Tamil cinema superstars Rajinikanth where this happens and it was an absolutely amazing movie. Tamil cinema has even bled in the Tamil politics. Tree chief ministers of the Tamil Nadu state have risen out of Tamil cinema. Tamil cinema asks them to preserve their independent and original culture by producing films in the Tamil language based on Tamil ideas and culture. I wish there was something like that for YouTubers so they could create independent and high quality educational content for people but just nice. Oh wait, Kognito and a bunch of our career friends got together and made our own platform called Nebula and we're excited to be partnering with CuriosityStream. Nebula is the place where you can watch some of the best educational content. That was really informative. They always are. This channel which is Kognito. Yeah, Kognito. Kognito. Kognito. Yeah, everything we've ever read. I think we've done like three or four of their videos. One, it must take so long to animate and put all that together. No. Obviously on top of the research. The research, too, that they have to do. But they keep you engaged which is, you know, for my two favorite subjects were history and English so it's not hard for me to stay engaged with a history lesson but for other people, you can lose people. Oh, 100%. Fast. 100%. They do a great, great job, especially the measuring things in Danny DeVito's. That was pretty funny. That was fantastic. And it makes a lot of humor in there as well. A lot of stuff we did know so it's great. Obviously, after three years, hopefully we would have learned some stuff. Yeah. And I feel like we know a lot more in terms of informational videos. Yes. Like we're not constantly going, oh, I didn't know that. Oh, right. We know a lot more. I would hope so. Yeah. After two years and yeah. I think it wasn't, I forget his name, but the guy who's I think in Indian politics, no, British politics that did the, does British, oh, the reparations, remember that? Oh yeah. That guy? Yeah. He, I think in that video, or it was a different video, he says that British took one of the richest nations in the world at the time and made it one of the poorest. Correct. And then made sure when they left, it was screwed so that it could never be what it was before they took it. Yep. Yeah. But what they did, it'll take centuries probably to get back to, wait, not that long. Yeah. It was basically, we're not going to own you anymore. Okay, then we're going to make it impossible for you to be ever close to us. And to their credit, India basically said, that matter. Yeah. We're still going to do what we can do even though you've irreparably scarred us. The thing in this video that really drove something home for me that I think I have a better understanding of is why, and I understand it, there's pros and cons to it. I understand the pride in your language and you should be proud of that. I mean, that's something that I think of, if I knew my language was like possibly the oldest known language on earth, I wouldn't want it perverted. And I wouldn't want another language made the national language of my country when my language is like the oldest and most celebrated. And so I understand that. But on the other hand, I don't like the divisiveness it causes because I can see where it's really difficult to get people in certain regions to like other regions. I imagine it's really difficult for Donald people to want to watch a Hindi film solely because it's not in the, the Dhamma language.  And obviously for us, it's even though people think we have biases, we read subtitles for every single one of them. So obviously we do have biases that are based on our own opinions and our understandings of the art form and what we feel we like. But not on a language, not on a language basis or a culture basis or a nationality basis. It would make no sense. No sense to us. I literally have to, regardless of its Hindi, Malayalam, Bengal, whatever, I have to read subtitles. Right. It makes no sense why would I have a, I just, I just want good cinema. Exactly. Good cinema from everything. Just want good cinema and I, that'll never be any particular way to pinpoint the first language.  Why are we going to say one's more preferred than another? And just accept the fact that we have a beautiful place with as many languages as there are stars in the sky and just get to know each of them. Like, I, you know what I'd love to see? I don't know that one exists. What's that language in Africa, the dose of people I think are the, that everything their language has the sound to it. Yeah. Right. I'd love to watch a film in their language. Yeah, that'd be awesome. Yeah, I would love it. So also I did love in this video about learning about that all the women warriors. That's awesome. I've been multiple times in this video. So if there's more videos about that and that, that one where the antling, he's like, that's a dangerous auntie. They look like a video we can react to. So that's something that we should react to. Let me know. Cause that seems interesting to me. And I'm again thinking about one of the first trailers we saw after Gully Boy was Madagarnica with Meryl Streep. Yeah, we still have that Tim, not me. Y'all every, I've gotten so much hatred because of him doing that, saying you guys keep making fun of her. You find the last time that was me. That's him.  She said it once. Doesn't matter.  I don't care. Never gonna let it go. I don't care who you are.  But back to what I was saying, you're going to be really cool. I wanted to see, I really wanted to see that movie. Did we hear anything about it? People say it was good or it's not good. It was mixed reviews. Mixed reviews. Okay. I figured if we got enough positives, we would have seen it. If we ever heard of the saying, they'll never let me live that down. It's sort of things like that. I don't care if you're the only person who can say like they're the greatest Tom Brady, like Marlon Brando, Daniel DeLivis, and he never would. Yeah. But he's better than Tim.  So it's like, no, but even like, even I just gave the example of Tom Brady, who is without question, the greatest quarterback that's ever played the game. I've never heard him say, I'm the greatest quarterback that's ever played the game or I am better than Joe Montana or, you know, he may, but he's never said it. However, if he did, I don't know that I would, it's him. First of all, she's not even that much. And she was playing a character in her life.  But again, I thought it was weird. Anyways, isn't that what was the character that Sarah played? Who? Isn't her name Sarah from from Family Man in the second season and everybody was upset? Oh, yeah. No, Samantha. Yeah, Samantha. Samantha. Sorry. She's dumb. Right. But they darkened her skin. No, she's Tolugu. Yeah, they did darken skin. Yeah. That's understandable. Yeah, that upset people. But wasn't she, she was playing either Tamal or Tolugu. She's one of the South States. Anyway, that was fantastic. Very informational video. Let us know other informational videos we've connected down below.


dystopian time. Here's what I want to do. Every single week on this program, I really want to take the time to use my platform to showcase another creator. Sometimes smaller, sometimes pretty big, but basically I want to make sure that there's solidarity in this movement. And the way that the right like kind of cross pollinates and speaks with each other and promotes each other, I want to try to facilitate that. And so this week I have a creator that I want to feature that I just found out about recently. His content is incredibly entertaining. He's very sharp. I'm going to now showcase his video, where he makes his case. And let's take a look. All right, so first off, I just want to give a huge thank you to Mike for giving me the platform to shamelessly promote my own content. I think that if leftist media is going to seriously compete with corporate giants, then we're going to need to be constantly engaging in acts of solidarity within each other's communities so that we can effectively build this as a collective project. But with that being said, hi, my name is Mack.  But for now, you can find me on my YouTube channel where I upload every single weekday, multiple times a day, where I'm basically just covering the current events, the breaking news of that day from an anti-imperialist and an anti-capitalist perspective. So on any given day, we could be talking about everything from AOC and the squad strategies that they are deploying or failing to deploy in Congress to CIA attempts to infiltrate and overthrow governments in South and Central America to even UFO stories occasionally, and really everything in between. Now, the reasons I originally got into political commentary in the first place are really two-fold. One, because I didn't want to keep bombarding my friends and family with my endless frustrations with American politics. And so I figured, why not upload these takes online and bother you guys with them instead? And two, because I believe that corporate media is indistinguishable from state media when corporations control the state. And what I mean by that is in the United States, our free press or supposed free press is utterly failing to do their job accurately and adequately informing the American people by holding the government accountable and being that check that in a functioning democracy, a free press would provide. And with the mainstream media outlets preferring to cozy up to the establishments of the Republican and Democratic parties, I think there's a serious lack of voices out there that are willing to call out the endless militarism, the endless corruption and preference for the status quo that even the supposed left half of our corporate duopoly is preserving. Well, I thank you for your question, but I have to say we're capitalist. And that's just the way it is. And unlike these corporate outlets that pretend to be some perfectly neutral arbiters of truth as they are actually limiting the scope of debate within the confines of whatever their government agency friends or corporate overlords deem is acceptable, I do not hide my own biases. And so I try to give upfront, clear, honest and concise analyses with the intention of informing people as to the destructive nature of our global capitalist system, as well as how we can move towards a more sustainable, free and democratic society. So if any of that seems like it would be appealing to you, then go ahead and check me out at youtube.com slash goodPolitikGuy and I appreciate the support. Everyone, there's gonna be links in the description box. Please go subscribe to him. So he is about to hit 6,000 subs. I think we can get him to 10K by the end of July. I think that that's certainly possible. And hey, if you are starting out, it's really hard nowadays to get your foot in the door. But here's what you can do. You can email me, mikeat.com. And I want you in the subject line, put in DT, so many times, underscore submission in all caps, and then colon and then your name. And so I'm anticipating a lot of submissions. I can only do one per week. But having said that though, if you record a two to three minute video, provide me with your links, I will look into featuring you on this program because I want to make sure that we are helping other folks who are just starting out. And by the way, Mac will be on the panel next week. So if you discover his content and you like him, he's gonna be on dystopian times with some really fantastic guests. So far I have confirmed Isaiah James, who's running for Congress, Lance from the serfs, and David Dole. Now there's some other people that I'm speaking with. So the panel might be bigger than that. Having said that though, please, please, please consider supporting smaller channels.


This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of the various formal responsiveness mechanisms mandated in national and provincial policies and guidelines in the western Cape province of South Africa. It examined the regulatory environment, evidence available on the functionality of these mechanisms and how they can be used to improve responsiveness in the healthcare system. The findings suggest that while some of these mechanisms are working effectively, there are still many barriers to overcome, such as resource and capacity constraints, unclear roles and responsibilities, and a lack of synergy between different mechanisms. Furthermore, there is no clear strategy for improving responsiveness at the system level. This article was authored by Tammy Southerns and Jill Olivier.


We always look forward to this, some of the best work, the best people in the industry come to judge for it and we would love the interaction between the jury and the debate that goes on on which category kind of fits in better, has got scale, has got the germ of an idea, very well executed. The debates and these learning experience are something that we look forward to, and it was a great experience meeting all the people and also going through all the end case. I would say that, you know, if I were there, obviously, in terms of quality, there are always buckets right there are some work which are exceptional, and there are few few that we came across as clear winners and clear goal category. I would, I would probably personally feel that I would have loved to see more richer work, especially in the age of technology and digital that we have seen over the last 12 years. I would have expected some, you know, either either great work being presented greatly or depicted greatly as something that I would have loved to see more, which I would say probably fell short on the integration of digital and technology, and consumer experience those parts we found a bit lacking, but I do feel there are some great work in terms of strategy, in terms of meeting a client's objective and making making its scale up. I think most entry should follow certain basic principles like you know what are the, what's the central challenge that the client or the central challenge for the brand is. What is the kind of strategy you built around the around the around the consumer and around the platforms that you platforms that you took, and then how did we achieve greatness in execution and therefore what is the result sounds sound of obvious. I think when when people follow basic principles of you know dividing this into four buckets, and making sure that because it's a marketing award. How do we touch upon the four piece or five piece that we talk about, or six piece we talk about. How do we touch upon each of these subjects and and make sure that you know it is well presented because normally judging happens in three to five minutes. And it is very important to get the gist of the story central challenge, the gist of what the key strategy is, and therefore, how did we, how do we go to market and therefore get the. And getting that story right is absolutely key. I saw a few of them. I mean, if I if I were to look at some, there are there are a few entries from Asian pains which I love. There is an entry from data motors Ramadan ad which is, which to me was was great. There is a there is an entry on product launch of days. So many, many cases cases where, where I think it gave a kind of bulk in your mind saying, oh, that's that's great. I wish I could, I could replicate that some of the learnings and from there and take it.


What's going on guys got Kyle and Shawn here with Layton sports cards, and we are ripping these sports cards almanac collectors edition volume 1 Case number 9. We did two randoms for the break. We got our case We got case 5 in the random, and I will show you guys the results here again real quick It's our draft order. We have chak fung with pick 1 dusty with pick 2 Jeff G with 3 joelty with 4 Thomas with 5 Damian with 6 Joe L with 7 Roger with 8 Joe L with 9 and Richard with 10 Alrighty guys. Good luck again. Our only two rules We have no talking about card prices during the draft and no influencing draft values Or no influencing draft order. So don't say like hey, I would pick that good You should definitely pick that anything like that guys. We will time you out the first time second time We will ban you appreciate you guys. Good luck on this one. This is case number 9 Let's see what we got everybody again chak fung will be the first pick Get that going once all the cards are out ready case number 9. I appreciate everybody making this so easy for us tonight All are killing it appreciate it guys Let's do it box number one again. This is case number 9 and again I did share the results in the chat there can always find results to any randoms We do on our website late in sports cards comm underneath the results tab at the very bottom Joe this was 185 a spot Yeah, this one was 185 Joe. This was the first price point first time we've done this price point It's been working really well though. So we might have we might have to run it back PSA slab to start us off. Yeah, it's sold out under two hours. It is Chris Godwin I like that with the bucks patch Where's jaker that one is six out of 25 on the rookie Godwin from 2017 gold standard Fire the cannons. I love that patch PSA nine on the Godwin RPA Six out of 25 Love that patch very nice Godwin PSA nine. Oh bucks Box number two. I'm gonna have to see if I pick the lines of the Packers in that I'm in fifth place now. I gotta keep it going Gotta keep it going. I put a little more thought into this week for sure I gotta gotta try to make up some time and make up some some wins Alrighty box two. Yeah, of course Joe. Of course. Of course. It is another 2014 pinini World Cup sticker this time it is Ronaldo PSA 10 on the 2014 World Cup sticker Nice one there had a messy earlier and a buffet now we got Ronaldo PSA 10 on the World Cup sticker Go box number three. So we definitely had some soccer. Mitchell was asking earlier if we'd have some There has certainly been some soccer Again guys, just nine to go now on our flawless football Um full case pyt coming up after um case 10 of almanac Just nine to go teams are on sale This one is PSA nine my man just scored on the 2022 immaculate rpa christian watson Nice one there numbered 18 out of 25 Little two-color number patch there That one is the patch autographs gold Nice christian watson just came back just scored for the pack PSA nine on the immaculate always loved the immaculate rpa's man Such a clean design Box number four. I don't know if I've even seen jimmy or gibbs run tonight. I feel like it's all monty I Box four box number four This one is where's donny jalen hurts on the 2020 panini select die cut purple That one is not numbered out of um, that's a retail PSA 10 On the die cut purple jalen hurts Where's the legal?  Good luck. Good luck another slab PSA slab it is a george bush on the 2016 tops chrome PSA 10 And it's a first pitch just like the uh kung fu kenny from earlier That one is george bush on the first pitch. That's pretty cool PSA 10 that is cool Like that one 2016 tops chrome PSA 10 george bush Throwing out the first pitch Righty now. We got um box six Yeah, I've seen that one before I hadn't seen the kenny before though box six Yeah, guys only six to go now six to go on flawless Appreciate that guys. We'll get that going after case 10 here We've got the patriots falcons cowboys steelers bucks and commanders left That is it for flawless appreciate you guys. Thank you, uh drew drew taking the jets Thank you johnny taking the eagles and the bangles Appreciate that guys And ben grabbing a um star wars six series break Thank you guys Alrighty guys box number seven Or six six It is nice treylon berks on the gold auto out of mosaic Nice one there. That is number three out of 10 out of 2022 mosaic Rookie treylon berks on the gold. I love the gold mosaic man. It's such a clean design Kind of swirls around nice one there to 10 on the treylon berks rookie There's gibbs box seven box number seven Is another PSA slab it is chat 2022 prism chat home grand on the rookie PSA 10 ruby wave Nice one there not numbered that's who lane thinks is going to win the rookie the year next year That's who lane thinks is roy Nice one there ruby wave chat. I'm excited to see chat man That young thundercore is very very good Nice chat there on the ruby wave not numbered PSA 10 rookie Nice chat box eight Again, this is um case number nine of our 10 cases It is wow rated rookie auto is donovan mitchell The spider there from panini um donress optic that is 2017 2018 on card spider Nice one there donovan mitchell Now part of the calves this guy is a beast man. I saw him play um the end of last season against the magic He was lighting it up as always Rated rookie out of uh 2017 18 optic don Mitchell Box number nine Again, we'll get our hit draft going here after we get all of our um All of our cards out again only two rules no um talking about card values during the draft And no influencing the draft by saying like maybe what you pick or anything like that Just let everybody make their picks Let's go vinyl It is randy moss on the gold vinyl at a 2021 prism That one is five out of five on the randy straight cash homie No, I didn't see that mic. I saw I saw harper mad that must have been what it was about I do remember seeing harper pissed off. Yeah, he was pissed nice randy there on the gold vinyl five of five Love the randy And last one here number 10 Yeah, I definitely saw I definitely saw harper mad. I didn't see the call though mic must have been pretty bad slab on the back It is mickey mantel 1959 tops psa 3 Nice one there. I think this is the oldest mantle we've seen tonight 1959 tops mickey on the psa 3 again guys almost a uh 70 year old card definitely a good grade there psa 3 on the mickey mantel Alrighty guys, let me get these set up and then we will begin our draft Give me just a second first pick will be um chak feng l Chak feng l with the first pick. Let me get these set up and we'll get going Our george bush psa 10 psa 10 hurts christian watson And then our godwin logo patch Alrighty, all righty guys. Let me know if you do want to see any cards closer Um, we'll begin our draft now. We got chak feng l with pick number one We'll get a minute on the clock sir Going deep and he's got him. Oh jayden reed Alrighty guys Chak feng l gonna be our first pick in this one You know if you do want to see anything closer up got a minute on the clock Harper threw his helmet in the crowd and a 10 year old caught it. So Harper signed it for him. That's awesome Yeah, I don't really love him throwing the helmet in the crowd, but I like that. He signed it for a kid for sure Yeah, he's pissed Definitely Alrighty guys chak feng l be our first pick here We're ready to do another 20 seconds or so pick number one Guys after case number 10, we'll get some flawless football pyt going We've got six teams left. They got the falcons the cowboys the patriots the stealers the bucks and the commanders All teams are on sale there guys Um, definitely check it out got six to go The nacho fries are back. There we go lane They keep bringing those back man. They're not bad. What is that? That's a taco bell Some nacho fries with some uh some nacho cheese gross. Come on man gross Sometimes they are pretty pretty heavily seasoned. I've noticed that Sometimes they're a little uh a little overseas and I'd say Alrighty guys, let me make sure nothing coming in from chak feng Um, tie. I just saw your message on Um, insta are on a twitch. Yes. Yes. Sorry. I am seeing your messages now. I did get your email Um, we didn't see on the first one, but I do see it now Um on twitch. I see the messages If you're in the next one He lost the marison a bet Oh, man That's awesome though 1959 mares. When did he break the record? Was that in the 60s? Or I guess I guess judge broke it, but All right chak feng. I'm not seeing anything. We're gonna make a pick for you We will go with the vintage. We will go with the uh 1959 mickey mansel PSA three mickey mantle Nice one there Again, that's almost a 70 year old car. It's 64 years old Nice grade on that PSA three and we'll go to chak feng with our first pick. Thank you, sir So second up. We got dusty It's the dusty m dusty You're having a good night, sir Pick number two is yours minute on the clock Yeah, that's a standard. Yeah, I'm sorry dustin. I'm sorry Uh, we just picked for you chak feng. I think we picked the best one though. I think we did We took the uh the vintage mantle for you. Yeah PSA three 1959 mantle Very nice copy for sure 1959 mickey. All righty guys. Mr. Dusty Put a minute on the clock for you dustin Again, let me know if anybody wants to see um any cards closer up You can do that for you And again guys just six teams to go on flawless. We'll get it breaking after our uh next case number 10 After our next case The chet 48631 for dusty All righty. Thank you, sir 2022 prism chet on the ruby wave PSA 10 You listen to lane man. He's going to be the rookie of the year Those young thunder man. They are good. They are very good All righty. Thank you dusty. Thank you. Thank you. So now we are on to pick number three It is jeff g jeff g with pick number three. Let me get Some more cards moved to the bottom row here Jalen PSA 10 up there Got christian watson to 25 on the rpa PSA nine Got a rinaldo sticker PSA 10 and PSA nine on the godwin um logo patch to 25 RPA there Yeah, man pack trying to make it a game. Good. I like it Little j heart rushing touchdown Another two point. Yeah gets a one one score. That's a huge Oh, yeah. Oh, no I thought he had that. Oh my goodness Oh, I thought he had that easy Dang Yeah, all righty guys this will be jeff g with pick number three About 30 more seconds for you jeff Um, I think you're a little behind chack fun, but we did uh pick already for you Let me let me type that in the chat. That was the pick for you though Yes, yes The mitchell is a 2017 2018 rated rookie on card auto out of donner's optic 2017 2018 rookie auto don mitchell a nice view for you see the centering in for interested in all that He rated rookie appreciate you jeff Take the moss eight nine four two three Randy nice one there on the um gold vinyl five of five from 2021 panini prism straight cash Randy monster five. I love the gold vinyl two man All righty. Thank you jeff all righty guys pick number four will be joe t Keep on moving these down christian watson immaculate rpa And all those stickers player war game um, let's see It is player worn player worn on the rpa. This one is from 2017 Player worn on the logo patch godwin rpa I agree james. I agree I agree with that completely. Yeah strike zone should definitely not be a an opinion at this point It shouldn't be an opinion The godwin got you joe eight four oh seven five Hey go go bucks.  We got thomas thomas with pick five That's a ps a 10 on the rinaldo sticker from 2014 and a ps a nine on the rpa watson Yeah, no it's sick joe. I I agree with you man I have a uh or sab has a kaltrask with a similar patch and I really like it.  Congrats on that number one Hey, no problem. No problem Appreciate you all righty guys still six to go on flawless uh breaking after our next case number 10 Got falcons cowboys patriots steelers bucks and the commanders left to go Mitchell Gotcha thomas don mitchell there on the uh rated rookie auto out of 2017 2018 optic basketball Nice one there the spider. He lit up the magic when I was watching earlier in the year Alrighty, so We got now um next will be damien damien l with pick number six Yeah, he did for sure. Yeah, I appreciate thomas.  Yeah, of course, of course Thank you All right, we got damien l with pick six minute on the clock my friend Alrighty, this is damien l with pick number six The card is older than my dad. Yeah For sure, man For sure. I like the vintage lane put a good bit of vintage in here. I like it It's been fun seeing some older some hammer and hanks some uh Some elegant baler seen some mickeys. Hey, what's up vikas? What's up, man? How you doing? Alrighty guys about 15 seconds here damien. We'll make a pick for you. I don't see anything coming in No emails or anything Right. Thank you joseph find a spot in our flawless grabbin of five teams Six teams we are sold out. Oh, thank you joseph closing us out on flawless grabbing the commander's bucks stealers patriots cowboys And falcons go joe. Let's do it joseph Let's hit some fire for you my man. So we are sold out for the night guys appreciate that Appreciate that. All right, here we go. All right. We'll pick here for damien l pick number six We'll go with the gold rookie auto treylon berks number to ten Treylon berks that one is number three out of ten from mosaic nice gold mosaic rookie auto Damien l with pick number six the treylon Alrighty next we'll have joel Joel with number seven all the cards out here and packers are making this a game I love it that that two-point conversion would have really really helped but Still got a game Alrighty mr. Joe Mr. Joel got four picks or um four to choose from here pick number seven Yeah, he also got pick number nine, but Alrighty guys, I do appreciate everybody filling us up tonight. Yeah, man. That is amazing. Thank you guys Again, we'll have more breaks tomorrow. We have contenders optic basketball release day We'll have sam here in the morning We'll have forest at night with some group breaks and then we'll have lane also on fanatics live So if you guys um are looking for a specific team on um Contenders optic basketball definitely check it out with lane in the morning on fanatics live his um His breaks are listed probably some teams that have been gone for a few uh a few days here on our main channel You can probably find them over on fanatics if you guys are looking for a specific team Alrighty mr. Joe law Another 15 seconds or so. I think we've made picks for you so far We can do it again. Alrighty looks like we're gonna be picking for mr. Joe. Um Let's go with the rookie.  Roger. We get about 40 seconds left on the clock for you Only one more after this guy's number 10 I'm excited to see what we got in 10. This has been a great night guys. I appreciate everybody It's been running very very smoothly Hope everybody's enjoying if you guys are enjoying please do hit that like button over on youtube Does help us out quite a bit. We have 44 likes Let's get to 100 Yeah Yeah, I feel you on that. Yeah, um That's just kind of how it works out if we want the bigger hits kind of have to Put in some of the smaller stuff. Yeah, but yeah, um, I know lane works very hard to make sure you guys all get good choices um At least some good variety and some stuff you don't see too often All that kind of stuff Yeah, always fun. Yeah, I appreciate you roger h And roger got it about 10 seconds left roger. We'll make a pick for you Appreciate you filling up flawless for us guys. We are sold out for tonight Again, we have um sam coming in the morning. He's got bowman chroma hobby and choice pick your team dual case Got some pristine pyt's and then he'll get going on can tender's optic basketball, which is the new release tomorrow Tender's optic basketball. Then we got forest coming in at night with some breaks Alrighty mr. roger pick number eight Let me make sure we don't see anything here Alrighty, we will go with the ps8 10 george bush PSA 10 2016 tops chrome george bush First pitch ps8 10 Not a lot of ps8 10s on these nice one there Only first pitch saw one for uh, hindrick lemar And we'll see one Yeah, yeah, no um no cursing please richard, but I feel you man I feel you All right, joel with pick nine and then richard will get the last card joel with pick nine. I don't think we've um Don't think we've seen joe yet tonight, but we'll give him a minute either way a minute on the clock my friend And then richard will get the last card get whatever um joe does not pick here Yeah, I like the stickers. I like them The um bop a one. I have a I have a copy of as well Alrighty guys. I appreciate everybody again. We do have lane coming in on fanatics live tomorrow as well um from for some contenders um optic basketball release day See if we can get some paloes We'll write about 15 more seconds joe Now they get a flag up if they kick the field goal Now it's second and goal Alrighty, mr. Joe Alrighty, mr. Joe will go with the christian watson for you 2022 immaculate christian watson patch autograph goal One is 18 out of 25 That's one there on the nice number patch. That's ps a nine Just caught a cut a touchdown tonight nice on card watson and then that means um, mr. Rich a will get 2014 world cup rinaldo sticker ps a 10 on the back Alrighty guys, I appreciate everybody that'll do it for um sports cards almanac collectors edition volume one case number nine Give me just a moment guys. We'll get number 10 going got about eight minutes


So let's try to find the eigenvectors for this 2 by 2 matrix without using determinants. This all started when we considered v to be any non-zero vector. If vav was a dependent set, then we had an eigenvector. But if vav was independent, but vava squared v was dependent, we could factor a polynomial expression in a, and then one of the factors would give us an eigenvalue and, at the same time, compute an eigenvector. So what can we do with that? Well, let's start off by picking any vector v. And we'll choose our vector v equal to 1, 0. And we find av, which is our matrix a times v, and a squared v. And the easiest way to find that is that's av times a again. Now, since these are vectors in R2, this set of three vectors must be dependent. And so let's take a look at that. Because they're dependent, there must be non-zero values x1, x2, x3, where the linear combination of vav and a squared v is equal to 0. And we can find a solution by row reducing the matrix of column vectors. So we'll take our matrix of column vectors and put it into row echelon form. Well, it's already in row echelon form, but we might want to simplify it a little bit. We can factor a 2 out of our second line. And we can parameterize our solutions. And since we want a specific solution, let's pick a value for t. So let's pick t equal to 1. And so one of our solutions is going to be. And that gives us our coefficients x1, x2, x3. And so we know that 2v minus 3av plus a squared v is equal to the 0 vector. And I'll rearrange that a little bit. So we know that a squared v minus 3av plus 2v is the 0 vector. Well, let's take a look at that. Everything has this right factor of v. So we'll rewrite that as a squared minus 3a plus 2i times our vector. And this matrix expression factors. Now let's find that a minus i applied to v. So we know what a is. We know what i is. So a minus i applied to v will be. And we have a minus 2i applied to 7, 2 gives us the 0 vector. And so that means 7, 2 is an eigenvector for lambda equal to 2. Now there may be other eigenvectors. But that's OK. We can rearrange the factors. So again, we have a squared minus 3a plus 2i. Well, this time let's factor it as a minus i times a minus 2i. And again, we'll find a minus 2i applied to our vector v. So that's a minus 2i applied to v. And that's going to be 6, 2. And so 6, 2 is an eigenvector for lambda equal to 1.


Hello everyone this is Anand Javed from Pakistan. So I recently completed my 120RTFL certification. All I have to say is that I'm very satisfied with the course content especially part related to the lesson planning and class management. Apart from this they gave enough time to complete the course. So I am pretty satisfied with what they offered. I highly recommend the institute get your certification and wish you best of luck. Thank you.


Good morning. I'm Tim Appachella. I'm filling in for Jay Fidel. It's 11 o'clock. It's Friday. That means only one thing. It's Trump week. And with me is our co-host, Cynthia Lee Sinclair. Good morning. Good morning. How are you? I'm good. Thank you. It's nice to be here. It is nice to be here. I'm glad to be here. As always, regarding this topic of Trump week, we've got more things coming out on the news than we know it to shake a stick at. Oh, my gosh, yes. I was standing at the television going, I have to leave. I have to leave. I'll be late if I don't leave, but there was so much going on. Yeah, you're going to watch TV at the last second to find out what's going on. So it is still official 35 days since the government shutdown, but as we were watching just before we came in the studio, President Trump announced that he is going to suspend this stalemate, if you will. And he's going to open up the government for until February the 15th, but one of the most important things is, well, maybe not for him or the Republicans, that there was no additional monies assigned to the wall or the border security. That's a big hit for him. It's a big hit, which we're going to talk about. Yeah. Nancy Pelosi prevailed both in the state of the union address stuff that went on and then also now because he has come to, I think it was mainly the TSA and the FAA that are the ones who really put the pressure on him that he cannot keep this going. Well, if you're flying in a plane this weekend, you're thinking, you know, what are my chances of something going wrong? Oh, my goodness. And I think given the number of flights we have every day in this country, that's a lot of concern of passengers. Oh, goodness, yes. So I think that the TSA and, of course, the aviation issue is probably what really pushed this thing over. I would think so, too, because, you know, there was a bunch of just recently in the last couple of days anyway, there was a lot of airports that grounded the planes because they couldn't take off. LaGuardia did it today. LaGuardia, Newark, there's, I can't remember all the names of all the ones, but there was five or six of them that they mentioned this morning that had grounded the planes because too many of the air traffic controllers called in sick, they couldn't make it. Well, in political terms, they call this who blink first, and I think it's pretty apparent. But you know what? It doesn't matter who blink first because we have 800,000 employees that don't care who blink first. They just want their money. Exactly. They want their paycheck. They want to work. They want their money. They want to pay their bills. They need to feed their families. We'll talk about later in the show some of the, you know, some of the horror stories that we've seen. Oh my goodness. Yes. You know, I have a quote from his little announcement this morning, from Trump's announcement this morning, and this really struck me. So that's why I wrote this part down is he says, as everyone knows, I had a very powerful alternative, but I didn't want to use it at this time. So then he went on to talk about the fact that on the 15th, if nothing has come about, he still has that in his back pocket to use. And of course he's referring to declaring a state of national emergency. And if he declares a state of emergency, that's just one very small step away from martial law. And that is, gives him all power. Well what could very well happen between now and then is a recognition and acknowledgement that there are several facets of government that can be opened up and operating other than TSA and national, you know. Right. Yes. And so I think there would be on both sides a willingness to try to get these other departments, the IRS, Department of Agriculture, you know, all these other very important agencies. The FDA so we don't all get poisoned by our bad meat or something. So if this really is over just, you know, TSA, Border Security, there are a couple agencies that can be dedicated to that and maybe they don't open up. I think if this continues and we don't make any progress by February 15th, you're going to see a different type of government shutdown. You're not going to see something that we've just witnessed for the last 35 days. I agree. And the Trump was threatening another shutdown or using these very powerful alternatives. Let me ask you something.  Rather than have to come to the podium in the Rose Garden and basically, this is the most contrite I've ever seen the President of the United States, very contrite as he's announcing the reopening of government. Don't you think he would have used it by now? Well, I think he knows that it is a last ditch effort kind of thing. And he has to have all the pieces in place. There isn't a national emergency happening right now. So he can't use it right this minute. But then he also made a comment that there are 8,000 people already assembled and on their way to our border. There's been no evidence of that anywhere. There's no reporting that, you know, bears that out. So who knows, right? Maybe he's waiting for that to be there. If you remember the discussion that many points were made, A, is there even the legal possibility that this could be pulled off without being challenged? But two is the obvious is how much is coming across the border between Canada and the United States. Why is it just the southern border as the national emergency? I mean, there are so many holes into this proclamation of alternative. Right. Power, yes, that he has such great alternative. Everyone knows. Very powerful alternative. But he didn't want to use it. So it's like he's trying to trump himself up to see what a great guy I am. I could have done this, but I didn't. Because he has to stand up and admit that he is sort of. But here we are 35 days later. Lincoln first. We're 35 years later. 35 days. And we're right back to where we started with no difference, no $5.7 billion given from the Democrats to President Trump's desire to build a wall or border security, whatever you want to call it. See, that is a difference, though. Yeah, the definition. The definition, the semantics have changed into just. A ballard wall versus a wall. Right, exactly. A big difference between a ballard wall and a barrier. And now he says, well, I never said concrete. Well, I never said that. I mean, it's just amazing how we have shifting. Shifting of what he said, what he meant versus what he now means and what he now says. Oh my gosh.  It's called AP fact check. And you can really check what it is that he has said. So Trump, on the number of immigrants living in the US illegally, I used to hear 11 million all the time. It would always stay right at 11. I said, does it ever increase or go down? Nope, it's 11. Well, it's nowhere close to 30 million or 35 million, according to his own Homeland Security Secretary, as well as other independent estimates. So all of these things, the coyotes are using children to gain access to this country. The comments of yesterday and today really strike me. Being all about empowering women and protecting women's rights and victim services. To hear him talk in graphic detail about how women are being duct taped and thrown in the back seat, sometimes five or six of them. And they can't come across the border. Well, wait a minute. They're not coming across the border. They're coming in through tunnels and through different ways. They're going on boats. There's all sorts of different ways. They're being duct taped and bound and gagged and thrown in the back seat of a car, coming into the desert areas rather than points of history. They just drive along and make a right. Or a left. Or a left. So here's what I kind of thought was odd about his compassionate plea about the victimization of women and children. He no sooner said that this morning. And my attention went right to, well, what about the victimization of the zero tolerance policy where the children are taken from the moms? What about that victimization? What about that victimization? So why is that a one-sided victimization versus looking at victimization on a more global approach? And where are those 1,000 kids that were separated? They did not put them all back. Do we really know where they are? No, we don't. We don't know how they've been reunified with their parents. Absolutely don't. No, and we know that they have not been because there are parents still clamoring for their children. People that have been deported back and then are coming back up to the border to say, I want my child. And that's what's striking to me. Same thing like you said, yeah. Again, I'm very, very pleased to hear this announcement. Because we'll talk about some of the horror stories that have played out in the last 35 days. And there are so many. 800,000 of them. So I am really, really pleased to hear this announcement. But at the same time, I'm just thinking, how can we have this antithesis or these messages of dichotomy where we just hear one thing and then on the next two sentences, it just seems to contradict the previous statement. I think one of the things that we should look at now is very similar to what happened 35 days ago, where remember, the President of the United States agreed to pass the House and Senate Bill to avoid a shutdown. And he said, I will pass it. And then, guess who he talked to? He talked to Rush Limbaugh and Coulter. And all of a sudden- Or did he talk to them or did he just hear what they had to say? Probably just heard what they had to say. Could be on Fox and Friends, who knows. But the bottom line is that message somehow got through and he reversed 100, you know, 180. He reversed himself. He said, I'll do it and then he says, nope, not gonna do it. He's not gonna do it. You're amazing. Yeah, where we are today. Where we are today. What's gonna be said by Rush Limbaugh and Coulter and Company? Fox and Friends. I don't know where he's getting all his juicy tidbits of where he's in trouble with his base or not, but we'll see what they say and we'll see if this shifts again. Right, cause it might. Maisie Harono, that's another quote that I got cause it's our own Maisie Harono, right? And she stands up to him on a regular basis, which is one of the reasons why I love her so much. She speaks the truth. She is a truth teller. And she says, we've seen this before with DACA. Right, the White House says yes. Then changes his mind and says no. He agreed to a path for citizenship for DACA and then he rescinds it and says, no, I'll give you three years. What is that? They've already got that from the courts anyway. You know, remember that, that the Democrats committed to 25 billion. Yes, in the beginning of 25 billion with the DACA provisions. So now we're at 5.6, what a negotiator. As he's going down, and he said yes. How do you go from 25 in the pocket to 5.7? Not in the pocket. I don't understand it either. I think it has to do with his ego.  He's so... Well, this is what I had to tell some people. It's not ready, aim, fire, it's, I mean, it is ready, aim, fire, it's not ready, fire, aim, okay? So, we see that, we see that a lot, ready, fire, aim, and I think he does a lot of that. And I think his staff and those in Mitch McConnell and Paul Ryan at the time were saying, whoa, wait a minute, you got too far ahead of us on some of your things that you've agreed to. You didn't talk to us about it. And I think that's where we were 35 days ago. And I think that's potentially where we could be again today. I don't think he's gonna backtrack on this one. I don't think he can. I don't think he can either. So, that's good news, because that means people are going back to work. I mean, yeah, he set up in the Rose Garden and he told everybody they're going back to work, right? So that's, I think, the important part.  And like you said, I don't think he can. I hold Mitch McConnell pretty responsible in some of this too, because they had bipartisan bills that had been passed by the House and passed in the Senate in December. It's not like it was done six months ago. This is last month. They all agreed across the board in the House and the Senate. And then Mitch McConnell refused to let it come to the floor for a vote. Yeah, I mean, that really did change the nature of what the Constitution has defined Congress for as equal balances. Exactly. We can't do it unless the President says it's okay. I mean, of all the things that shocked me is Mitch McConnell's basically toutowing to the President of the United States and forgetting his duty. His duty. To the American people. To the Constitution. And to the Constitution. I hate to say that, but I mean, that doesn't usually happen. So let's just take a quick step back on, you know, what transpired before today? And I think one of the bigger ones was the last Senate vote. Right. Here you had six senators of the Republican Party. I got the numbers. Well, I like to say the party of Trump. You got all the numbers, I got two. Yeah, I reluctant and hesitant to say the Republican Party anymore because I think it's the party of Trump. I think the Republican Party, as we knew it, as we know it, that's been put in the closet somewhere. It's on temporary hiatus. But let's talk about those senators that crossed the aisle to get this government opened up. That would be Lamar Alexander from Tennessee, Susan Collins from Maine, Corey Gardner from Colorado, Mitt Romney from Utah, Lisa Murkowski from Alaska, and Johnny Ilson from Georgia. And Tennessee and Georgia, those are two really big ones because they have never gone over. They have not really, you know, Susan Collins and Lisa Murkowski, you know, they kind of, they seem to be more moderates. But those two, Tennessee and Georgia, those guys are pretty extreme, you know, right. So that's pretty telling. Well, this goes back to also, you know, the effects of the shutdown, this didn't hit the pocketbooks of federal employees, it hit the pocketbooks of all the ancillary services, mom and pop grocery stores and coffee shops, and everything that services federal employees and relies on them, their revenue, so it becomes my revenue, and guess what, that got shut down. And there's a lot of states that are Republican states that had a lot of, you know, federal workers in those states. Absolutely, I agree with that one. And then here he's telling, Trump is telling the people, yes, this is yesterday, that they should just be able to go to their bank and get along. Well, we're gonna talk about some of these obtuse comments. Yes, okay. When we come back from this break, which we're gonna take, we're gonna talk about exactly that. Okay. I'm Tim Apachella, here with Cynthia, Lisa and Claire, this is Trump Week and we'll be right back. Hi, I'm Rusty Komori, host of Beyond the Lines on Think Tech Hawaii. My show is based on my book, also titled Beyond the Lines, and it's about creating a superior culture of excellence, leadership, and finding greatness. I interview guests who are successful in business, sports, and life, which is sure to inspire you in finding your greatness. Join me every Monday as we go Beyond the Lines at 11 a.m. Aloha. Aloha, I am Howard Wigg. I am the proud host of Cold Green for Think Tech Hawaii. I appear every other Monday at three, and I have really, really exciting guests on the exciting topic of energy efficiency. Hope to see you there. We're back. It's Trump Week. We were just talking about the shutdown, and we're gonna talk about a little bit more because that's the topic of the day. So Cynthia, you had mentioned during the break about, we were talking about the Republicans that actually voted to open up the government. Now it's for the Democratic bill. They came across for the Democratic bill. That's correct. But Trump's bill, one of the Democrats actually voted for it. And who's that? That was Senator Manchin. Okay. Well, I can guess why. Okay. He's basically Senator in a very, very dark purple red state. Yes. So you will see him often if the vote is not gonna sway one way or the other. They didn't have their 60 votes on this. Not even close. So anytime there's a chance where he can vote Republican, he will do so. Unless it's a tie break type of situation, then he will vote the way he's gonna vote. But the bottom line is you'll see him do that often. Oh, okay. And so. So it was for the Trump bill, it was 50 Republicans to 47 Democrats. And for the Democratic bill, it was 52 Republicans and 44 Democrats. Yeah. And so there were six Republicans involved in that 44 vote. Right. It was pretty amazing. So it's, you know, you can see the cracks forming in this last 35 days. The cracks slowly were getting wider and wider and wider. But I think one of the things that really pushed it over, not only on, you know, the flight safety risks, you know, going to all the airports and getting in the air. Well, just rounding the planes. Right, rounding the planes. He can't fly now. I think, and then you see the Senator starting to drift away from, you know, a solid block of vote. Or it's only six. Who knows what's next. What we started to see was what I call the, because we don't help, you know, they're not holding press conference anymore. When was the last time you saw a press conference? A long time ago, right? Right. So that means all these agency heads are starting to speak about the topic. Well, guess what? Some of them have no business getting in front of a camera. And so what we start seeing is, people making these horribly insensitive comments about those who are been laid off. Right. And I'll just go through a couple of them. Just go get a loan. Go to the grocery store. Yeah. Trump's saying that. You know, even before the shutdown, when President Trump went to the Rose Garden, I'll distinctly remember this. A reporter said, Mr. President, what about the safety net for these employees?  And President Trump looked at the reporter and said, you mean the safety net? The wall? That safety? Because, you know, we're making America safe again. And so here was the reporter talking about a safety net to take care of the families. Right.  And Donald Trump took that opportunity to say, the wall is their safety. Right. And he tied it back into the wall, completely dismissing what's going to happen and did happen in the forthcoming 35 days. Right. So there's the opening self of kind of an obtuse look at the impact to these federal employees. Always do out when he says things like, just go to your bank and get a loan. Well, that was... They're going along. He said that banks are going along. The grocery stores are going along. Yeah. That's where his exact words. And I'm like, you've got to be kidding me. And landlords will go along. Don't worry about landlords. Yeah, the landlords are going along. They're all going along. Everybody's going along because everybody's behind this wall. Not so much. Not so much. Just really not true at all. And then we had Wilbur Ross, you know, talk about statements of lack of empathy. He said, you know, if you watch the statements, I don't really understand why they're going to food banks. Yeah. Oh my gosh.  Right. I can't think. God knows what the interest rates are at those, 45%, 50%. Look at it, they're so horrible. It's ridiculous. They should be illegal, as far as I'm concerned. I agree. A 30 day payday loan should be illegal. So here's Wilbur Ross going, well, first off, I don't know why they're going to food banks. I have no idea why they would do that.   Right. I mean, how obtuse is that? Crazy. That's obtuse. There were lines down the streets for the food banks in Washington, DC. And they were linking it to what it was like in Russia back in the day when everyone would have to stand in the food lines, you know, and it's like, this is America, there's no excuse for this. Yeah. And then later, you had Larry Kudlow, you know, he's the director of economic council.  You know, they're volunteering. And then the reporter said, well, you can't be a volunteer when you're forced to work and get no pay. That's not volunteering. And he just said, you know, I'm not going there. I'm not going there. But so you're seeing examples of high-level officials being so blind to the plight of these federal workers. And of course, you know, like I said before, it's not just the federal workers, but it's all the businesses that support the federal workers. Oh, goodness, yes. You had Laura. Oh my gosh, I saw that Laura that came on and said all that Laura Trump came on and said that. They'll just suffer for a little while. And they don't mind. And it's worth it. It's for the good of the country. It's the good of the country.  Kind of attitude. Yeah, oh my goodness, yes. And it's just, I think, so that's another element of why we are where we're at right now, where Trump has blinked because it's a combination. It's never one thing, you know. It's always something else. And so you're just seeing one thing after another, after another kind of pile up. And then of course, you're seeing the polls. The polls are supposed to be 12. And he keeps a close eye on those polls, right? Yes, he does. That's what we've been told anyway, so. So when you look at this, you say, okay, how did, you know, how did we actually get to the 35 days? And now why is he backing down? Why did he blink? Well, I think it's, you're seeing a pyramid of things built on one another and that's what's going on here. Right, and here Trump is still calling it an invasion of our country. It's not an invasion. He then went on to say this was yesterday, not today, not this morning's press release, but yesterday, and he says, I know more about technology than anybody. When one of the reporters asked him about that, and I thought, of course he does. Well, he no sooner said, I know more about technology than anyone. First, I'd like to invite him here on Think Tech Hawaii to see if that's really true.  We've got a lot of really savvy tech people here. We could test them, but I thought it was interesting to have that no sooner coming out of his mouth, because we have cameras on the wall. Yes. Okay, so cameras is the latest and greatest in the technology, I suppose, and I think there's more to it than that. Yeah, there's quite a bit more that they could do. Quite a bit more they could do. So how do you think Nancy Pelosi came out of this whole thing? Doing very well. She stuck to her guns. She made a line in the sand and she didn't erase it. And working with domestic violence victims, and I know this is a little different, but not really. When you stand up your abuser, you draw a line in the sand. If you erase that line even once, then they will never, ever respect that line again. And I think that's what she established with all of this, was she drew a line in the sand and she refused to erase it. Well, one of the memorable lines was they were talking about what did the down payment mean? What was in the context? Yeah, what is it down there? And she said, as she's walking down the hallway, I'm not sure he knows what he's talking about. And you see these little vignettes, these little moments that are priceless, but unfortunately, they all, again, they all kind of add up and it makes him look not so great. So I think that's, again, another reason why he knows he's not winning the public relations war on this and that's why he's backing down. So okay, well, we need to move on because we gotta talk about two very important developments. Like Roger Stone? Roger Stone, the arrest and indictment of Roger Stone. Yes, one more. And how many are there now? Let's see, I think I wrote it down, right? We've got 13, right, that have either pled guilty and are sentenced or have been indicted. One, two have been sentenced, Manafort guilty on eight counts. So there's 13 Trump team that have been indicted. So in this big witch hunt, it seems to me they've caught a few witches.  And that's a lot, those numbers you just read, that's a significant number. That is a lot, is right. So we'll see now because the Robert Mueller does depend a lot on what Roger Stone knows and that connection to WikiLeaks. Well, he said today he will not say one word. He says, I am, Stone Arrest has nothing, oh, this was, sorry, that was Sarah Sanders. She says the Stone Arrest has nothing to do with Trump and nothing to do with the White House. I was her official statement this morning. It's like, okay. As they're prerogative to say, essay as such, that's a prerogative.  I will never say anything against the president. He's one of my oldest friends. And then he goes on to say that he will not lie to make his position more better, more attendable, excuse me, better. And anyway, so when he said this, he was a very, not very thinly veiled, obviously pointing to Cohen and the fact that they're all trying to claim that he's lying to try to save himself. Well, he may not be getting out then anytime soon, would he? No. Well, I'm sure he'll post bail, so. Okay, so we have- Well wait, who's posting bail? Because he already posted bail. As far as, are you talking about Stone? Stone. Stone has already posted bail, $250,000 for bail, and he's already posted it, he's already out. He's already out. He's already out. So then we, just before our last few seconds here of the show, we also just have to briefly mention Michael Cohen and the subpoena for him to testify. And how he's being threatened and his father-in-law, and they're all saying, oh, I haven't threatened anybody.  That's the one that everybody really wants to look at. He's the money of the family. With his own mouth, he said- So you'll see the timing of this kind of sync up. Yeah, oh yeah. February 15th, that deadline for this reopening. Right. And Michael Cohen being subpoenaed and will testify before he goes to jail in early March. So we'll see how we see a distraction of the distraction take place. Distractions of the distractions. I've been thinking about that all week since you said that last week. So we'll see how those start to play out with each other. We're out of time. Cynthia, thank you so much for coming. Thank you, Tim. Nice to see you. Have a great weekend. Thank you. I'm Tim Apachella here with Cynthia, Lisa and Claire. This is Trump week and we'll see you next Friday.


Let's take a simple example here of combustion of methane. We have a combustor, let's say we're burning methane in this reactor, which is basically natural gas without any kind of impurities. If we were to burn, let's say a simple one, just 100 kilogram moles per hour of methane is burned with stoichiometric air, whatever is required, oxygen, we're not supplying any excess air. And let's determine the amount of air required, amount of air required, which is kilograms per hour. And then we also would like to determine flue gas composition. We would like to determine the amount of flue gas generated. So into this reactor, we are sending in methane. That methane flow rate is 100 kilograms moles per hour.  We need to determine that. And then the flue gases come out. Since we are burning in air, carbon goes to carbon dioxide, hydrogen goes to water vapor, and air would have oxygen and nitrogen. So oxygen, we are giving just enough oxygen to burn completely these fuels. So stoichiometric, there won't be any excess oxygen getting out, but there will be nitrogen. The nitrogen that is going in will not react in any of this, so nitrogen will be coming out. This would be our gas composition, or in other words, we need to figure out the amounts of these things. So let's write down the combustion equation or how these transformations are taking place. So first, CH4 is reacting with oxygen. And then it is producing CO2 plus water vapor. And there will also be some nitrogen left over. So let's figure this out here. So every mole of carbon burned produces one mole of carbon dioxide. So methane has one carbon here, so one carbon dioxide. So this is balanced now. Hydrogen, we have here four hydrogen atoms here, and we have two hydrogen atoms here, so there must be two moles of water vapor forming. So what is our oxygen requirement actually? So we need two oxygens here. This is balanced now. Two oxygens here, and there are two oxygens here too. So four oxygen atoms are two moles, two molecules here, two molecules of each, so that will be four. But these two oxygen molecules will come along with it, will bring along with it some nitrogen. So there will be some nitrogen following. How much nitrogen is flowing in? Always the ratio is O2 to N2 ratio, or air ratio will be, or in other words, opposite. If we look at how much air we need to bring in to get one mole of oxygen, we can calculate, one mole of air would have 0.21 moles of O2, right? So one divided by 0.21, that will come out to be 4.76 moles of air. 4.76 moles of air are coming in for every mole of oxygen that we need. However, in this, one mole would be oxygen, and 3.76 will be nitrogen. Or in other words, we can determine that too. Every mole of oxygen is bringing in, or every 0.21 moles of O2 are bringing in 0.79 nitrogen. If we divide this two, you'd get 3.76. So that will be our ratio. So this is the nitrogen that is coming in for every oxygen, and this is the air. So what is happening here is two moles of oxygen are bringing in two times 3.76 each nitrogen, right? 3.76 nitrogen. So this will come along with, now in this case, that nitrogen that is coming in will go out without any reaction. So basically the whole thing, 2.2 times 3.76 will come out as is to outside, OK? So this is the balanced equation. So now let's look at what would be our composition. Instead of burning one, we are burning 100 kilogram moles. So we just have to multiply everything by 100. So amount of air required now will be 4.76 moles for every mole. So we need 2 moles of oxygen. So 2 moles of oxygen would be 2 times 4.76 moles of air has to come in to completely burn this. And this would be the number of moles. And molecular weight, if we multiply this by, which is 29, 29 kilograms of air for every kilogram mole of air. So this many kilogram moles. And for this reaction, if 100 kilogram moles of methane are going in, we need 100 times this. That would be the number of kilograms of air that would be going in. So that will be 100 times 2 times 4.76 times 29. That would be the kilograms of air that has to be supplied for this methane. And how many moles of CO2 will be forming? Every mole of methane burned will form one mole of CO2. So we are burning 100 kilogram moles. So this will be 100 kilogram moles of CO2. All right, kilogram moles, few guess. And water vapor will be twice as much. So it will form 200 kilogram moles twice as much. And nitrogen will be here 100 times also. So this will be 7.452 moles. 7.52 times 100. So this will be 752 moles of nitrogen will be coming out. So this will be the amount of gas that is generated here, amount of flue gas that is generated here. And we can determine the composition also. Composition being, if we add this total, this will be 1,052. And 100 out of 1,052, we can calculate the percentage of CO2, percentage of water vapor, and percentage of nitrogen. So that is the composition, flue gas composition. Amount of flue gas generated is this. And we know amount of air required, kilograms of air here. And we can calculate this actually by using our calculator. This will be actually 27,608 kilograms of air per hour needs to be sent in to exactly match the requirement here. There won't be any excess air. So that will be our requirement here. Amount of flue gas generated, we can calculate, this is, again, kilogram moles. We can calculate the mass of this one also. It's very simple. If we were to calculate the mass, amount of flue gas in moles, we can also calculate as mass. Moles is 1,052. And mass would be 100 kilogram moles of CO2. And each mole of CO2 would be 44 kilograms per kilogram of CO2 per kilogram mole of CO2. This is the molecular weight. So we can cancel these two. And we'll have kilogram moles of CO2. So that will be 4,400. This will be equal to 4,400 kilograms, not kilogram moles, kilograms of CO2. And then similarly, 200 kilograms moles of H2O is produced times 18 kilograms of H2O per kilogram mole of H2O here. Again, kilogram mole of H2O, kilogram mole of H2O will cancel. And this should be kilogram mole. So these two will be canceled. And we would get 3,600 kilograms of H2O here. And then we can calculate nitrogen also, 752. So 752 kilogram moles of N2 times 28. So that will give us 28 times 752. So that should be 21,056 kilograms of N2. So that will be the total flue gas generated in mass. This is mass. And this would be moles. These would be kilo moles. All right.