and we're just about to talk about an interesting topic. We've already had this interview behind the scenes, so hopefully we'll extend the same conversation online, not online, live on TV as well. And we're being joined live in studio by Anthony Minor, who is the CEO and co-founder of Food Cloud Kenya. This is a company that helps you to actually get insights as well as give you information on how to avoid food-wasted. And I love the fact on his fly, he says, food-waste hurts our planet, and so help him to fight food-waste. And just a little bit of insight about, you know, the advocate here, he's passionate about food conservation and avoiding food-wasted. He says, according to Food Agriculture Association, that is foul, 1.3 billion tons of food waste is annually wasted.  Even right now in our country, there's areas that are facing severe hunger strike, and a lot of people are dying, and it's only right that we have this conversation about food-wasted. Good morning to you, Anthony. Good morning, Brian. Welcome to Why in the Morning. I appreciate it. You're so passionate. Wow. It's going down, it's going down, it's going down. But I'd really like you to just give us a brief overview of your company and how you came up with the name of the company, Food... It's Food Cloud. Food Cloud Kenya. Yeah, Food Cloud, not Food Plus. Just to be... You're confusing with the Food Plus. Yeah, exactly. So a brief overview of how you came about it and what inspired you. Let me just give a little background of whom I am and my motivation behind Food Cloud. I'm Anthony Maynard, background in sales and marketing with seven years experience, serving different organizations. Before starting Food Cloud, I was serving as a B2B sales manager, Brad Mark, safety group limited. And one of the things that inspired me to start Food Cloud, I remember we used to go to those dinners and those functions. And I would notice that sometimes I can remember way back in 2020, we went for this buffet at Eaton Hotel. We had an event where we expected 100 guests, 60% a guest showed up. Right. So the remaining food was thrown away? Yeah, so the remaining food for 40%. We were with my founding partner, Food Karame Mukwe. So we started on and thought, what if we come up with a system that can help these people in food industry to distribute these food instead of wastage? Like now next year, the year that followed, 2021, 2022, we went ahead and we just started Food Cloud. And the rest is history. The rest is history and here you are advocating for food. Advocating for food security, yes. All right, I'm really like, I'm so interested to know like, who are your target market and like the people you target specifically in terms of spreading awareness when it comes to food wastage? Who are the specific people that you target? I'm targeting the general public, though my focus is on the youth because due to the way information is spreading, you seem new there, it's very easy even for advocating online. Yes. Is it because young people are ignorant? And so like, I remember before we came on, we were talking about how people shop or also supermarket store a lot of food and if they reach the expiry, it's automatic they'll throw that expired bread, whatever away. How can we actually spread awareness and also how can we recycle wasted food and ensure that it doesn't just go to waste, like tons, tons of food is being thrown away that costs a lot. And as well as, we also mentioned the way that it contributes to climate change and the global warming. Maybe I can first export on that. Food waste contributes to 10% of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. What basically happens, when you throw away one kg of food, when that food decomposes, it releases the 3 kg of, the 3 kg kilogram of methane gas. What normally happens, when this air is released into the atmosphere, it drops more heat from the sun and that's one of causes of global warming. Yes. So that's actually how it happens. That's the background of it. Right. So food waste. Let's come to food wasting, food being thrown away in bulk that has already expired. How can we ensure that we don't throw away the food but divert it into another different product? What you can basically do or what happens mostly in developing countries, this food is most redistributed to people with food banks and charity foundations and we're also working on such food instead of wasting. Also the food that actually get wasted before the distribution can also be used in manufacture of animal feeds. Right. Yes. So in short, you can get for example, like bread you mentioned, they dry it and they do something different with it. Yes, it's also used in making animal feed even for fish. We have something called azola and you can make it through food remains. Right. Yes. Now what happens to like fast food?  What happens to them now is compared to like for example, farmers who grow cabbage in Africa to a place in Anzacurot, you it will be recycled like you say. You can dry it, it can even be manure. But now what happens to in organic ones? What normally happens as I was telling you through our site for the crowd Kenya, for those who have partnered with the farmers and other distributors, we are able to distribute at reduced prices. Let's say maybe a cabbage doing at 30. Right. We can do it at 15 instead of wasting. Right. Yes, and people can through our site are able to browse, see the offers that we have. And then they order and we deliver. Right. Yes, instead of wasting. Instead of wasting and throwing away. The same happened to those food from food joint, yes. Hotels specifically. Yes, same strategy, yes. But now when it comes to the market, of course, there's those people that you go to shop in bulk, I want to shop food here two, three weeks. But then it just happens that that food expires within even a half, in the middle of the week. How can they get these insights that you can shop in small amounts and still be able to consume all of that food? Like just budget for your food. How can you give them awareness so that they can also even plug into food cloud as well? How basically you can work, you can hook up with us. We be distributing that food to Food Bank on the needy. It's the wrong thing. Like they can go out to donate food to you. Yes, yes. So that's how you come in. We deliver to the needy. We deliver to the needy. And how does that happen? Like, do you have a truck? Do you have people you walk with that come to the food? We have trucks and a team that's also doing that. We have, yes. But how does someone know that you guys are doing that so that they can reach out to you? Maybe a social media, a number, an email? Probably they can visit at our office, Kikuyu Gitaro, or reach us directly. They can call me directly. I can give them my number. 0728-225-125. All right. Let me read on your flyer. There's a place you say... You also have an app, by the way. Yes, of course. It's available on? Presto, but it had some issue, but you're working on it. We are evaluating it. All right, yes. I'm really interested about this point here, point number three. That says ironically amount of food lost or wasted costs around 2.6 trillion US dollars. And it's more than enough to feed 815 million hungry people in the world four times over. This is massive. It's possible, because as you are reading that flyer, you find you are wasting 1.3 billion food. That's in Kenya, or world, right? Grubari. Grubari. The ironic part of it, 800 million people grubari has no food. We just need to save just 25% of that 1.3 billion tons of food. It is enough to feed those 800 million starving people. Yes. Now, how can people be aware of this? And how important is it to actually do that? We are working on it online. We also have a brand of buzzarders for that. Okay, yes. So very soon, but you mentioned you've been nominated for some reason? Yes, we have been nominated for the startup of the year award. Right. Yes. Which is fantastic. Yes. I was trying to look at your flyer, where you have a bear, it's floating on a spoiled bread. Yes. I believe it's bread that's rotting. But then this bread is in the middle of the sea. Yes. Yeah, I just want you to talk about that and how it means to... Both normally happens, food waste.  You know, it's fed up in the ocean, and it affects even the living object in the ocean. Right. Yes. I think it was last week when I saw in the news outlet, they were talking about cleaning the beaches. Beaches with B-E, C-N-R-E-I. B-E-E. Yeah, they're talking about cleaning all the beaches to ensure that the seas are pure and clean to just ensure that it supports aquatic life. It means that a lot of waste, especially food waste, and this also includes plastics. Yeah, even plastics. End up at the sea. Yes. Which affects aquatic life. Do you feel like in terms of even global warming as well as, let's say, there's plastic like, floods are prone to it, and there's plastic like completely dry. Do you think that this can help to ensure that we have a balanced weather system? Yes, both what's happening. Also, when it comes to issues of flooding, we have seen that food waste contribute to good performing. Because in some areas, let's say maybe in those areas that have high prestibulations, when there's too much separation, there will be a lot of evaporation. Let's say maybe there will be a lot of evaporation and when they happen to be a lot of evaporation, so what will happen? There will be too much in some areas, automatically, flooding happens. In other areas, it will be dry. Yes. Which I feel like it's a very important, you know, awareness that we need to have. Now, for example, if you are to actually pitch your idea, you said you want to meet the president some days. If you were to pitch your idea to him, like, how do you pitch it? Why would it be so important for the president and the government to plug in and support you? Pushing for policies, eh? And the formulation of a regulatory framework that will guide those in food industry in this fight. Right. Yes. You had mentioned China and we, you mentioned China and also you said Japan. Oh, I have Japan. They have food policy programs that allow people not to waste food and you said it's a crime. It's a crime to throw food in China and Japan. So we need similar kind of policies in Kenya. But instead of wasting, maybe if you have a hotel industry, no, think of a way, maybe donating, maybe to food or to food, to those food banks or any day instead of wasting. And through that, you're able to fight climate change and food, you'll be able to fight food waste and climate change. We need similar kind of policies. Right. Do you have like maybe specific policies? Like maybe you can try to formulate yours because you're already working with the food plus that you would say number one, if you're found doing et cetera with food, then the consequences are this and that. What one of the policies, like we can have it like this when you're throwing, when you afford maybe throwing food, maybe you can be penalized, maybe you can maybe pay a certain amount. Right. Yes. Like some sort of tax. Yes, some form of tax. Yes. Okay. Let's talk about hotels. Of course, like from your scenario with your friend, you were at Hilton. Yes. And then the food was for 100 people, 60% or 60 turned up. 60 people turned up. 60 people turned up and the rest 40 was, you said you were sure it was thrown away. It was thrown away. Now, how can we help hotels to work in a budget? Cause like you said, if you're trying to actually come or come to this niche and fill the gap and bring a solution to it, this means you'll have to go on ground and speak to the people in the industrialization, in the hotel industry that is hospitality industry. How can they be aware that if you have to budget for like, let's say for a day you're serving 200 clients or 150 or maybe even more, how can you help them budget so that the rest of the food is not thrown away? We had mentioned, you said that it's not possible like for 40 or 100 people, if 60 turned up, the 40 can be served to another person. It's not possible. I think it's gonna go to worst. How can you help them money? We can work on it. There's something we are working on within our food cloud system. Whereby you can use point of sale data to predict. If let's say maybe you cooked, maybe use this amount. Tomorrow, you can maybe reduce it. There's a way you can use the point of data to predict. Through that, you will be stressed. So we can partner with these hotels and help them in that. And also distribution, in the case maybe there's something they'll be left with instead of doing away. You mentioned that point of sale. That's like some sort of a system. Yes. Data system or a processing system used in companies. It's a system that used in most hotels. All right, yes. Now let's come back to technology, which is sport or tech. How have you used technology to actually solve these matters? What normally happens, we have an e-commerce website called Food Carrier. If you cook, you can see it. Food. Cloud Kenya.  Once you register with us, customers on the other side are able to see the product that has been reduced on the price. Then they're able to browse, check in and order. Then ask Food Carrier to deliver. Right. This is like similar to Glovo and the rest? Us, it's different. Because we are distributing products that are about to expire and are reduced to prices. 60% are reduced to prices. But you know, a lot of people would be scared. They'd be like, it's not going to expire in the afternoon. A lot of people actually want to, in fact, nobody wants to buy bread that's expiring the next day. We don't want it to expire in three, four days. That's a week. But us, we are targeting those people who do small shopping. You get my point, you are buying to purchase it maybe the next moment or the next day. Right. So this is like middle, middle class? Yes, middle class. Because you realize people in the upper class, they do like careless shopping. They have money. Not those doing bar shopping. Bar shopping. Bar shopping. But you know what's happening. In Kenya, there's a high cost of living. So in most, when it does, people that will save you some coin, automatically people are rushing for that. Right. Yes. If I tell maybe I will say your bread maybe at 40 instead of 60, automatically you go for that. People are rushing for that. Yeah. Yes. But to realize people, those who are scared, like they want to go for food that will take them for a week. Actually there's that thing, like I want to stop food for like a whole month. Not unless maybe you are doing bar shopping. Bar shopping. Yes. But which is like you say, which is also not a good idea. Because you could be buying like bread that's expiring tomorrow and you definitely will throw it away the following day. Yes. Exactly. Yeah. So you are solving and bringing solutions to that. Yes. Now let's talk about the general space in terms of sensitizing the youth to this, especially in terms of outreach, like who are the people that you're applying to reach out to in future? You mentioned the youth, like specifically now let's delve into the situation on ground. In the future, we'll be having those mobilization campaigns counter-wide that will ensure that we will to reach more people. We also planning to partner with some media houses in spreading information. Right. Yes. What about advocacy? Do you have like people who are food advocates? I know, I think she was a friend. He was a friend to one of the celebs who was I think on a reality show. He calls himself Food God. He's a chef though, so he cooks different types of recipes. He brings them. So in terms of advocacy, do you have like people advocating for food preservation, food wastage, or personally you are as well? We are recruiting with the time and we have somebody that you're working on with on board who is calling herself Zero Waste Chef. Zero? Zero Waste Chef, teaching people on what to do with us and make the best of what we have. Right. So in the future, we also have maybe activists fighting food waste. Right. Yes. It is a pipeline. It's underway. Yes, underway. Nice, which is amazing. Let's talk about health, food health in general. There's people who consume a lot of calories and there's people who consume less calories. Now, how can you help a person who consumes a huge amount or who consumes bulk as compared to a person who just like a medium eater? I remember Mikoho said she eats a lot but she doesn't know where that food goes, so that you also plug in as well. That's tricky because they're not touching that butter. I don't know how much. That's like an individual dietary plant. Yes, yes. All right. I think you can also plug in. I feel like it's a good thing so that you help people lose weight as well or people eat, right?  I think what you need to do, Ramos Kenyans do not exercise. You don't want maybe to work. Kiramahar, you are just taking over. Yes. But anyway, so at the end of the day, you're trying to actually help yourself if you're taking over. Maybe a walk. Sometimes a walk is good, yes. For your hearts. A walk, yes. Avoiding those janks. All right. So what are some of the visions that you have for your company as well? One of the visions that you have in Fuller Crowd, as I had explained before, in Kenya, we waste two billions per annum. We have a vision that in the next five years, we will be able to have cut this food by 40%. Okay. And Fuller Crowd will be present in five countries in Africa. All right. Yes. We want to spread all over. You want to, in terms of international outreach, are there specific countries that you love? Because I feel like your conversation, if you had a chance to be on TED, the big platform to tell people about how it's so important to ensure that we preserve, I feel like it fits. It fits TED. The producers are TED. Or CNN as well. CNN, CNN is right. There's a program called African Voices Changemaker Switch is being hosted now by Larry. If you had such a platform, what would you tell them? Impact of food waste and climate change. All right. And how we can collaborate in curbing this. All right. Yes. Now, let's come back here in Kenya. Do you feel like the culture of food wastage is extended? Like we've seen our parents do it. Or it's a habit. There's people like that. Like eat your food, finish it.  Or preserve it or give it to a neighbor who is starving. That's also helping. I think in Kenya it's like a habit. Some people are used to it even when you are growing up. Maybe you are putting too much that you cannot even finish. It's not happening in China or other developed countries. You take what you think you can be able to finish. I think it's all about maybe the policies that has been enforced. So in Kenya, in Kenya, maybe we enforce policies. It's too going to be a big threat. Now, what happens to places like high schools? High schools, especially boarding schools where the food is cooked in huge amounts. Like say, from the example of Hilton, there are like maybe 800 students. The food is maybe like 4,000 people. Definitely it's going to go to the West. That one can also be distributed to food banks and charity homes. Yes, and as we can help in that. Initially, let's come back to you now personally. Before you become the CEO, because you're the CEO now. Yes. Also, you'll tell us if you've employed people as well in that company. And if somebody who's watching might want to come and work with them. What were you doing initially that actually brought you to this space? Oh, food crowd. I had explained before. I was working as a B2B, sales manager, brand-maximity group whereby we are fighting counterfeit. This is like one of those companies that want to shake out or maybe... No, no, no. It's just a technology that helps consumers identify genuine and fake product. So you use some sort of like a website, machine, or as a scanning? It used to be a security icon. whereby you could be able to scan using your mobile phone and check over a product that you're buying. Let's say maybe some mobile phone and check. However, it's genuine or fake. Yes, I was having that company before we started Full Card with my partner. It's like similar to that tech at the airport where they're able to scan through... Yes, yes. Simak, I don't... Do you know Sproxil? No, no, no, I'm not really sure. They have not bought seeds. Da? Seeds, seeds for printing. Yes, yes, yes. You have seen that as scratchy code where you scratch and send a code. Right, yeah. It's a similar kind of technology. So you used to scan when you scan to give you the result. However, the product you're buying is genuine or fake. So I was having that... It's American company. Whereby we had gotten a dealership to run it through Africa. Okay. Yes. Now, tell us about your company. Have you employed people? Can people come and work there? Currently, in Fulcrum, what you're having is developers and digital marketers and a devising board. Yes. So you guys are closed. You're very tight. You take more with time. You're the CEO, Barnard. You're people's jobs. We absorb them more with time. There's too much work upcoming. Right. Yes. Now, in terms of tech, is there like any type of technology that you use to work with, especially when it comes to handling, you mentioned point of sale. Point of sale. Yeah. Which I feel like it's an up, even used in supermarkets, right? It's even in supermarkets to be able to predict. Right. Yes. At your company, what are some of the softwares that you use? The e-commerce website. Yes. Explain to us how it works. It's simple. I can explain again. We have two sites. We have the vendor sites and the e-commerce website. What normally happens, let's say maybe you're a farmer and maybe you have maybe some cabbages and you want to be redistributing through us whenever you have surplus. You register with us. It's free. When you register, the super admin at my company approve your product. Upon approval of your product, the consumer on the other hand or the customer, the moment he log in to the food cart website, he's able to check different product that has been posted. He compare prices from different suppliers. He's able to order, then you supply. Right. Yes. Okay. Kenya is, they say agriculture is there? Backbone of our country. Right? Not yet. You have a wrong way to go. If you cannot feed the starving Kenyans, I can't say that you're back in the economy. We have a wrong way to go. But Juicy, they gave up fertilizer to cushion farmers. There's so much that need to be done in the agriculture sector. There's so much. There's reduction in productivity. Okay. Yes. Now for farmers, of course, also Kenyans among the top producers or exporters. Yes, of product like tea, of acados. Right. How can we also carbon into that space and ensure that it doesn't go to waste? What normally happens, like those being of acados, you find in most cases in those export, they don't take those overgrown of acados. So in most cases, we have what we call the reject. So we're also helping those people exporters and those parkhouse managers redistribute those reject of acados. We have partnered with those people who make avocado oil instead of wasting. So we can also work with them. Also, we have those people who export the French bean and other veggies. Right. We're also partnering with them in the distribution of those products that has been erected at the export point. Right. Now what happens to, like let's say non-consumerable products like flowers? There's a way we are working on them, because even the flowers have reject and are able to receive them to funeral homes and maybe those who have event. So nothing is going to waste. I think it's going to waste, basically. So you guys are guns blazing, coming at this. Yes. Wow, which is fantastic. What is it my forgetting before we exit? What are the, let's say, what are some of the future, future objectives or future ambitions that you have for your company that you feel like we should look for and that people can plug in to support you? If maybe you need partners, sponsors, anyone who can be a part of your initiative to ensure that we avoid food wastage? Maybe if government can plug in, we work together in formation of policies, food can push for that. All right. Yes. All right, so what would you need for people to come and do if you are partnering with them? Maybe volunteers or food warriors. Volunteers or food warriors. There's many people who are so passionate about food. Who are so passionate about food. We work together. All right. Yes. All right, so you can give them your number, your email, where they can find you, reach out to you and plug in. That's your camera. And also the social media platforms and anything that you think of for go to share. Okay, okay, okay. That's your camera. You can reach us through my number, which is 0728-225-125. You can also drop us an email food crowd, 877-87-artemio.com. And remember to nominate us. We go, remember to vote us. We go to the meeting and start up of the year award of food. Last year or this year? This year, this year. This year. Yes. And you started with blessings. He's a blessing. All right. Yes. So anything else? Nothing more. All right. Thank you, Anthony Miner. You are the CEO and also co-founder as well. Food cloud Kenya. Food cloud Kenya. Food plus. You're confusing. Thank you so much for your time. We definitely would love to, when you win another one, please don't forget to pass by. And tell us. I'll pass by. Yeah. And tell us more insights. And as well, if you find bigger people that partner with you, please always share the insight. Yes, I will, I will, I will. All right. And also say hi to your partner. You said she's. She's, I can say hi. Yeah, sure. I'll take this opportunity to thank and appreciate my partner, folding partner, Furukawa Mukwe Karemi. I don't take anything for granted. I have been a soldier in this journey and we are going far together. Let's keep on fighting until we eliminate this problem of food waste group. Okay. I hope I'm a partner message. I'm hoping to. Yeah. So, thank you so much for your time. All right. So, we're gonna take a very short break and then we'll be coming up next with something amazing. You don't wanna miss it.


The importance of proportion in the human figure is something more than aesthetic. It affects physical well-being and comfort, as well as personality, social activity, professional, and economic achievement. Reduction mammoplasty, particularly in active young women, such as those serving in the armed forces, can relieve the discomfort and the psychological pressure imposed by hypertrophy of the breasts. This patient is 23 years old and a musician assigned to the woman's Army Corps band. She plays the trumpet and baritone horn and is also a vocalist. Her breasts had been excessively large since pubertal development was complete. She has had no pregnancies and no history of hormone therapy. Her physical complaints were heaviness of the breasts, a sense of dragging on the shoulders, pain from cutting of her brazier straps, and local discomfort in the breasts just before and during her menstrual periods. Her arms, shoulders, and neck ached and felt excessively tired after playing in the marching band because her breasts made it necessary to hold the baritone horn at an awkward distance. She had never been able to buy a properly fitted swimsuit, and because of self-consciousness, she seldom wore sweaters. The patient wore a 36D brazier, which fit fairly well and provided as good support as she had been able to obtain. The shoulder straps were kept as tight as possible to achieve good support, resulting in painful cutting into her shoulders by the straps. Her posture is round-shouldered and somewhat lordotic. This postural abnormality is the cause of some of the complaints of pain in the upper neck and back in many patients. Without the brazier, the posture and heaviness of the breasts are more readily apparent. The grooves of the shoulders are visible, although they are less marked in this young patient than in older and more obese women. There was no evidence of sub-memory intertrigo, but the patient did report some irritation in the summertime. The Strombeck technique utilizes a pattern worked out by Dr. Robert J. Wise, based on a 34B brazier. A single pattern is suitable for almost all patients, although Strombeck has described a modified pattern for very large breasts. The first mark is made at the sternal notch. The midpoints of the clavicles are located and marked. For greater visibility in the film, a commercial marker is used in place of the usual indelible, brilliant green. Pre-operative marking is done with the patient in an upright position, either seated erect or standing. This avoids the distortion which occurs with shift of position of the breasts when reclining. The axis of each breast is marked by dropping a line from the midpoint of the clavicle through the nipple. The inframamory fold is marked, exercising care not to extend the line too far medially. The new nipple site is chosen on the mammary axis at a point 21 centimeters from the clavicle. The measurements used are those reported in 1955 by Penn. In women with very large or fatty breasts, this should be increased by one or two centimeters, as recently recommended by Strombeck. The pattern is placed on the breast and oriented to the axis at the new nipple site. While the pattern is asymmetrical in the shape of the cup, the portion used to outline the incisions is very nearly symmetrical. The distance from the mid-clavicular point to the nipple site is the same as the distance between sternal notch and nipple, and corresponds to the distance between the two nipples. It is not necessary to reverse the pattern when marking the other breast. The line across the base of the pattern will determine the height of the reconstructed breast. Its length is a critical distance, and if too long, will give the nipple a star-gazing appearance. The medial end of the pattern marking is now joined directly to the end of the inframamory fold. If necessary, a slight offset can be incorporated laterally to lengthen the lateral pedicle. This avoids a dog ear laterally and allows closure without tension. After marking is completed, the important points are scratched to provide reorientation if necessary during the surgery. The pattern is gas-sterilized, and available in the operating room should it be necessary to renew the markings at that time. The actual surgery is accomplished under general anesthesia, with the patient in the supine position. The semi-recomment or sitting position is unnecessary with the Strombeck technique, because the new shape of the breasts has been determined by marking the skin flaps pre-operatively. Using a standard medicine glass, a circular pattern five centimeters in diameter is marked around the nipple without stretching the skin. The cardinal points should be marked to facilitate proper suturing of the areola. Superficial circumcision of the areola is the first incision. Superficial incisions are made to mark the ink lines. This is desirable in case the original markings become faded before surgery is completed. The epidermis is excised freehand, leaving the dermis intact. The area marked for the new nipple site must be incised completely as deep as the pectoral fascia. Although the skin markings are the same for all cases, the amount and location of the tissues removed have a significant effect on the final shape and size of the breast. It is important that the base of the excised cone not extend too far superiorly or medially, and that enough tissue be removed laterally. Since this patient is a vocalist with a dance band, as well as an instrumentalist, a more modest resection is planned. That would be appropriate, for example, for a championship golfer or a non-commissioned officer in charge of whack recruits. A plug is then excised. The upper horizontal incision is made and carried down to the pectoral fascia. This is seen more clearly from below. This leaves the areola portion of the breast in the center of a narrow double-pedical flap like a basket handle. It will move freely, but circulation is perfect. When the pedicle is short, back cuts are made through the dermis to allow easier movement of the areola to its new location. The reshaping of the breast begins with three key sutures. Without undermining the skin, the lower corners of the two skin flaps are sutured. The first suture taken in the areola approximates it to the highest point of the hole previously prepared by removal of the core of breast tissue. The upper corners of the skin flaps are joined. The breast has now been reshaped. The lower flap of tissue to be removed is incised along the breast axis to the submammary fold. This tissue has been retained up to this point to demonstrate its availability for additional bulk. If the technique is used in cases of smaller tonic breasts, the second breast is marked and surgery begins. This is a clear demonstration of the technique by which the skin is removed from the dermal pedicle. The three key sutures are used to pull the pedicle flaps together. In this patient, 490 grams removed from each breast. Using the pattern and techniques developed by Strombeck. Reduction mammoplasty can be carried out in a single operation, even when the breasts are very large. The pre-operative markings give an exactitude that results in nearly identical conical shapes with the areola correctly placed. Surgery is followed with a supportive dressing to hold the breasts firmly in position. After 48 hours, the drains are removed. The incisions examined and a new dressing applied. The patient is now ambulatory. The dressing technique is essentially the same as that used immediately after surgery. With the addition of collodion strips to reinforce the suture lines. Some of the sutures are removed on the sixth day and the remainder two to four days later. The patient's original brassiere is used to secure the dressing after the sixth day. This gives the breasts the necessary support from below and provides additional patient comfort. Civilian defendants who live within commuting distance are discharged from the hospital at this time. After three months, the patient returns for follow-up examination. The results for the patient have been quite satisfactory. Surgically too, the operation was successful. The new size and contour are correct and the incisions are well healed. There has been no necrosis and the cosmetic result is satisfactory. After a year, this patient returned to Walter Reed for final examination. Redistribution of the breast tissue has occurred. But by keeping the suture line short below the areola, the nipples retain their position at the apex of the breast. It should be noted that in patients with olive skin tones or deeper natural coloring, scars will tend to remain more apparent because of pigmentation. In addition to a good cosmetic result, the patient is now able to perform her military assignments with greater ease and less physical strain and finds her personal life happier as well. She has commented, for example, that she can now buy and wear ready-made dresses of almost any style without feeling self-conscious. The disabling effects of breast hypertrophy can be readily and safely eliminated by this strong back technique.


Felly, roi'r gweithrae'r cyflwy� ni, roi'r gweithrae ar y gallwn caeth fath, mae'n gweithrae'r gweithrae yn gweithrae'r ddweud a mae, os ydych chi os dim byddwch y fathood oes cynni'r desgau am ychydigol a'r gweithrae a dyna'r cymdeithasol oherwydd yw'r cyfrifnig. Yn ymlaen, yw'r cyfrifnig, yw'r cyfrifnig yw'r cyfrifnig, dyna'r cyfrifnig i'r cyfrifnig yw'r cyfrifnig Mae fwrdd yn gŷ, mae hyn yn gŷ i ddau. Mae le-yrddlaeth cwmain a bogylchedd. Rwy'n mynd i chi i'w hwn. Rwy'n rhi'n gweld yr ysgol yn oed ymblod hyn ydynnu.wy'n i. Mae'r ddau'r community, mae'r ddau yn edrych. Mae'n ddau'r ysgrifennu. Mae'r ddau'r ddau'r ddau. Mae'n ddau'r ddau. Mae'n ddau'r ddau'r ddau'r ddau. I will really just do a quick reflection of what I saw. My background is mainly further education. I came down actually quite excited to see what was happening at the fail tag space down here, and I am actually quite worried that somehow EFE were going to steal a jump on Scottish further education and a good and bad in a way is bad that I think maybe the expectations of fail tag and what's happening fel dweud yn ymgyrch, ac mae'n ddweud hynny'n mynd arall o sefydlu y ddadl o'r sydd ddweud yn ymgyrch yn ein ddweud yn ymgyrch. Mae'r ddweud yn gwybod i'r faspirau sy'n ddweud yma. Ac mae'r ffordd fel yr edrych ei ddweud yn ddweud, ac mae'n cymdeithaswch i fynd. Mae'n ddweud yn ddweud, mae'n ddweud yn ddweud yn ddweud. Rwy'n medeithas sy'n gobyn i gael gweithio ei wneud ond bydwch chi i gael i fynd am ôl y tuwchio, gan ydych chi i gael gweithio y tuwchio, aíu chi'n gweithio i siarad.一个u sgwyddon hanesai, fe'n gweithio gweithio. Nawr, mae'n gweld chi'n gweld i chi i gael ei gweithio, ac mae hi oedd chi'n gweithio gweithio gweithio. Rwy'n meddwl am amryciaeth am gyda chi. Roedd unig, fel math ran gwneud o'r meddwl. Mae lleol o'r edrych ar gyfer gweithio a'u ei cefnogau. yw y salaf o'i niwn iawn?  Felly, mae'n gweithio. Ond yw'n gwneud yn ddigonol o'r cyhoeddfeydd y fawr, yna'r cyhoeddfeydd cyhoeddfeydd y byw'r cyhoeddfeydd yn y rhan o'r rhan o'r ddigonol a'r cyhoeddfeydd cyhoeddfeydd yn dros i fod yn ei ddweud. Ac mae'n holl i gael ei fod yn fan hyn, i'n gofyniol i gael y bydd o'r cyhoeddfeydd y byw ac yn y rhan o'r cyhoeddfeydd y byw'r cyhoeddfeydd yn mynd, the evaluation and so on and the openness with which people are sharing these innovations because it took me back to one of the points folded that Catherine CronAPPLAUSE made at her keynote speech was about the importance of being open, and the fact that being open then opened new opportunities so I think the sharing we're doing is really important. Another point to me is the sharing is really important as well as case studies which are great I'm not sure we also need longitudinal studies and we need this sort of cross-sectoral studies, and I came through in a presentation on mobile devices to me earlier this morning again that we need as well as these case studies we do need to look at experiences across the whole community. So really just to pick up again on things that Catherine and Auri said as well, we need to keep telling these stories of innovation and we need to share them and we need to build on them and make sure we're sharing our experiences. So that was just a few of my reflections on innovation. Remember that. So the third theme that we asked you to think about was community. And the three areas of that were interaction, engagement and participation. Well what can I say? It's just been wonderful over the last couple of days to see if people are talking to each other, introducing themselves to each other, engaging online in the Twitter stream, blogging. All kinds of interactions going on. It's really been wonderful. And certainly as a chair of several sessions during the conference Being very clear to me that there is a relaxed friendly atmosphere and that people are happy to ask questions during sessions. There's been lots to do in throwing and discussion and that's been very stimulating as well. And of course, during the coffee breaks and lunches in social evenings there's been quite a buzz, and lots of fun, lots of laughter, wienda чист to see. The wonderful key notes as well brought us together Mae'r gweld yn symud, ac yn gwybodaeth yn phobl, ac i ni'n rhoi'r syniadau i chi, ac nid i chi'n gwybod bod mae'n ysbynnu'n fel gan gwybod i'r cyfrifed ymryd. A'n adeiladau i wych yn gweithio gwybod, i wneud wych yn byw, i wneud yr unedwch, i wneud gweithio gwybod iddangosol a lle fwy ddyn nhw'n ddingosol gyda chi mae gofarnwyd cyffredigol. I wir, mae'n gweithio hyd yn gweithio gweithio'r cyfrifedigol.잘데isio ar y cwyrd y cwyrd. Felly wedi gweld ar hyn y dyfodol. Mae'n golygu ar y cyffredin mawr. Fy ffordd, mae'r llef o'r llef. Fydda i'r llef yw'r arfer? Mae'r llef o'r llef o'r llef o'r cwyrd, sy'n gweithio i'r llef. Mae'n ddod yn y cwyrd o'r llef o'r llef, a'r llef o'r llef o'r llef o'r llef o'r llef o'r llef. Ac na oedden nhw, The drunks are now being served in exhibition area, please come and join us. So I think a good time has been had by all! So, um, the pleasant task that we have now is to thank all the people who have been involved in putting this wonderful conference together. I'm just going to go through a list there are so many that we can't possibly name them individually, Ac roedd y gallwch chi jedw i ddweud, dyna'n fawr yn dda i ddiweddog o'r ysgolio'r ffordd fydd yn ddullol yn aw khiad. Rydyn ni'n rhaid i ddweud gyda'r ffonsor a niferon yma yma hwnna ddim yma i gweld yr eich gweithio yma, ac yn unrhyw o'r ffordd mewn eich gallu prefiadau, ymyrgynion, ymgyrchu'r edrych, y cestiynau, y cwperu cwmffrinodau, gydag y pfasenau, y cyhoes. Ieitha, mae'r pethau. A bwyf yn y tîm gael staff yma, yn ymdau ar y ddau cyfrifio, ar y ddiweddol yma i'r eich ysgol yn gweinol. Mae'n iawn i'n ddewch i ddod i Gwarlane Grif, ynghylch yma, yma gan ysgol yma. Mae'r ysgol ffynol yr ac yn gweithio'r ddewch. Mae'n ddewch i ddewch i ddewch i ddewch i ddewch i ddewch i ddewch i ddewch.  Felly, dwi'n credu y gallu gwybod hwnnw i amddangos eu hunain yng Nghymru ar y university. Byddwn i'r cyffredin yn ystod yma, rydym yn gwneud i'r leifr. Dyma. Ychwaneg ychwaneg, rydym yn gwneud i'r leifr. Rydym yn gwneud i'r leifr. Rydym yn gwneud i'r leifr. Rydw i'r llyfr o'n cyffredin yn gwybod fod y prif, mae'r llyfr o'r angen i'r llyfr o'r angen i'r llyfr o'r angen i'r llyfr. Mae'n ffordd o'r cymdeithasio i gweithio gweithio darloedd yng Nghymru. Mae'r gwreidio wedi gweithio'n cymdeithasio i gweithio'n cymdeithasio i gweithio'r cymdeithio'n cyfrifau. Felly, mae'r cyfnod maen nhw'n ddwych i'r gwahodd. Mae'n ddwych i gweithio'n ddwych i gweithio'n cyfrifau. Simon Heeter, i chi'r cwladau sydd o'n digwydd, Simon Thomas? Thomas? Nid, mae'n ddwych i'r cyfrifiaid yw. We had a little treat for him! Perhaps we can get Martin to design him a special badge. Is there what to take with us? Yes, Joe chose the treat. We know that, but we had this for him too. It's now our pleasure to hand over the reins to next-use co-chairs who are Liz Masterman And Amanda Jeffries— and delighted to welcome them to take over the Rheins for Next Year's Conference. Actually, our first duty is to thank the outgoing Chairs on behalf of Maureen and the rest of the team at Olt, so if you would join with us in thanking the outgoing Chairs for all their hard work. Okay, so, it's been a great conference this year. We're really looking forward to seeing you all in Manchester next year. The dates are 8th to 10th September. I don't know how many conferences we've come between us, Liz. I reckon I've been at least a dozen old conferences. Focus is... So I should introduce myself, I'm Amanda Jeffries... I'm from the University of Hertfordshire... ...where I'm a reader in Technology Enhanced Learning. Liz? I work at the IT Services Department... ...and the University of Oxford... ...as a research and manager in academic IT. Right. So... ...what we have chosen for the conference title... ...with approval of the trustees... ...is shaping the future... of learning together, and we want to provide an overarching theme of shaping and looking to the future, particularly looking at an active participation in the future of learning by designers, learning participants, and that title can also be deconstructed into combinations of those four words, shaping, future, learning together, so those of you considering, we hope lots of you will support the conference next year, shaping learning, future learning, shaping together, learning together. And we really want to think about the beneficiaries in each area of activity, the no longer passive recipients, not just consumers, but taking part in their learning together, taking active part in the design and shaping of their experiences. And we are really strongly encouraging student participation as well. So there's a partnership principle in the title, learners, tutors, learning technologists, researchers, and learners, academics, and learning technologists, students globally with their peers. So as Liz talks about the areas of focus, we hope you get thinking about how you can share some of your excellent work. So we believe this title offers the opportunity to include a number of themes from both established and emerging research and practice. So the first is harnessing the power of the crowd, collaboration, connectivist learning and crowd sourcing. So collaborative and more isn't a connectivist model of learning with learners learning from each other in communities and of course these can include MOOCs. We're also bringing under this heading crowd sourcing projects, which involve the public as citizens and scientists, as in Gallux Exub, if anybody are aware of that one, or contributors to digital collections, for example a lot popping up now around the century of the First World War. And these collections can act as resources for both formal and informal learning and research. Social media in learning and teaching, as we saw from Catherine's keynote yesterday, social media can afford more participatory approaches to teaching and learning with staff and students working together. Open educational practice that's going beyond merely sharing and reusing OER to exploring open pedagogic models that envisage a flatter relationship between teachers and learners and learners creating openly licensed resources as the output from their learning activities. We'd also like to hear about initiatives to share open educational pedagogic practices too. Learners as Agents of Change embraces the various initiatives under the heading Students of Change Agents. We're also interested in presentations about students as co-researchers, as co-designers of their own and other students' learning experiences, and students as developers of learning technologies in their own right, for example the Disks Summer of Innovation. So encourage, as Amanda said, students to participate in the conference too. And then finally, participating methodologies for development of learning technologies, both hardware and software, with intended use of such technologies being actively involved in requirements, gathering, design and development. And we feel that all these areas are relevant in different ways to all sectors of post-16 formal learning, education as well as to informal learning. And of course there's scope for theoretical papers and thought pieces as well as the Council of Practice. So, come and join us in Manchester. Let's shape the future of learning together. And we look forward to seeing lots of you. Please take flyers as you leave and look out on the website. All the details are on the flyers of when the dates for submissions. So, we look forward to next year. And have a good year. Yes. And that, without further ado, is the end of this year's annual conference. We'd like to thank you again for coming. We hope you've enjoyed the last three days as much as we have. We wish you a safe journey back home. And you do get a flyer for next year where we will hope to welcome you again in Manchester. Thank you very much. And goodbye.


Hey, this is Brett, and this 2023 Jeep Wrangler Sahara 4xE is stock number 23J42. I am here at Summit Automotive in Von Lack, Wisconsin, you're new and used Jeep and Jeep Wrangler headquarters site to show you this one today because it is one of our 4xE Saharas and it is in Hydro Blue Pearl Co., which is paint code PBJ. I'm going to go all the way around in this video, give you all the specs on this one. We're going to check out the original window sticker, go inside, check out the interior options and give you an idea of the just overall package on this one. This one is the 4xE, which gives you the 2-liter turbocharged 4-sonar engine with the hybrid technology as well, puts out 400-sets-hawk when in hybrid mode. And it's going to get you 49 miles per gallon equivalent, it's also going to get you 20 miles per gallon on just the gas engine and has a total range of 370 miles. We'll get into it right away here.  This one has the LED lighting group, which gives you the LED headlamps, running lights, running lights around those headlights, and then the LED headlamps themselves. I'd highly recommend the LED lighting group on any Wrangler you get. This one also has the color-matched fenders and the color-matched top, which is a pretty expensive option as you'll see in just a little bit. The Sahara package also comes with the 20-inch painted alloy rims, and you get the Hydro Blue Jeep on there, and that's part of the 4xE package, Bridgestone Duler HL tires. And these are 275, 55R20s, kind of a highway tread pattern to them.  This one has the removable doors, you can see this a T50 on there, that's because this is a Torx Wrench 50 to get those hinges off. I actually did a video on how to take the doors off, if you want to check that out, that's in the upper right-hand part of the screen. You also get the factory step bars on this one. Enter and go system, here's the original window sticker, I'm not going to go through everything, but most of it. So the 2023 Wrangler 4-door Sahara 4xE, get the Hydro Blue Black Interior Premium McKinley Trimmed Seats, 2-liter turbo, 8-speed automatic transmission. Everything on the left here is your standard equipment, including the 8.4 with nav, and then your optional equipment starts right here with the Hydro Blue exterior paint, which is $495. The 29P package is the Sahara 4xE package. This one has the cold weather group, which gives you heated seats, remote start, and heated steering wheel, as well as the leather wrap steering wheel. You also get the anti-spin rear differential, or differential rear axle, which is $695. Now the three-piece color hardtop, like I said, is expensive. The package is $2,895. So to get that color match hardtop is like three grand. Side steps, $95 Jeep trail ready kit, which is $195. Total MSRP is $64.410. If you want to get your summit price with all the rebates and incentives and availability on this Jeep, in the upper right hand part screen is a link to our website, where you can check that out. Five years 60, 100,000 power train warranty. So you can see the warranties are a little different on these as opposed to the gas ones. Eight year 100,000 mile hybrid system warranty and eight year 100,000 mile high voltage battery warranty. And then three year 36 bumper to bumper. So the hybrid warranty is substantially bigger and longer than the power train warranty. So that's just on the transmission and the gas engine. This is on the whole hybrid system and batteries. Here are your miles fuel economy and miles per gallon. So 49 miles per gallon equivalent is what the E stands for. And you can see you get up to 21 miles of just electric and 370 total distance that you can go with gas and electric. And just the gas engine is 20 miles per gallon. So that's how to read that there. And it takes about 2.4 hours to charge the batteries to get that 21 miles of electric range on a 240 system and on a 120 system it's about $12. So that's just about it with the original window sticker. We'll take a quick look at the back seats four wheel disc brakes on the Wranglers. You get the LED tail lamps as well. Really enjoy the color match hardtop though. You also get the hydro blue toe hook. Get a better look at that tire tread.  So this is for the front hardtop pieces. This is for your charger. The case for that. This is your trail rated kit. This one does have the Alpine premium sound system. You get the color matched bars in here to take this hardtop off. There's three bolts on the left, two on the top, total of eight bolts. So three on each side and two on the top. And then two quick disconnects. We actually did a video showing you how to take your hardtop off of your JL Wrangler if you want to check that out. It's in the upper right hand part of the screen. Very popular video. This is your charger for the hybrid vehicle. Comes with it. And then you get door hinge bolt holders as well as roof and windshield bolt holders. Note you get seven slots on the back door and the JL badge on the back for wheel base overall length. Two door four door and water forwarding. And yes, you can water forward with the hybrid because all the batteries are sealed. That's what they tell you on the website.  So you just have to have that key fob in your pocket. The doors will unlock. Heated mirrors inside the Sahara package gives you that black leather interior or the McKinley leather as they call it. You get the Sahara stitched into the backrest, the white stitching or titanium stitching I guess they call it on the seats. These seats do have side airbags, standard now, seat height adjuster and lumbar, auto headlamps, tilt telescopic steering wheel. And then you get the hybrid electric and e-save modes. So this is how you kind of control the hybrid system. We actually did a demo where we're driving around with all these different buttons on but basically hybrid is putting it into gas and electric. So it decides on its own when it needs the hybrid system, when it needs the electric system to get you the most miles per gallon. And then this is just fully electric. So it turns off the engine and you're going to use that battery up in 21 miles if you just have it on that mode.  So pretty cool stuff. Check that video out. Locking doors, power mirrors, the back seats. I want to show these because they're a little different on the hybrids. You get the latch child safety system for any child car seats. These headrests can fold down like so. So now on the normal wranglers without the hybrid system, this back seat will just fold down and the whole seat will go into the floor. But on the hybrids, because this is where the batteries are located, this seat folds up and then this seat folds down. And what happens is you don't get a flat transition from the back storage area to this back seat. And that's the really biggest interior difference from the hybrid to the non-hybrid wrangler. There is a 115 bolt, 150 watt plug-in, two USBs, two USB C's. And you get the factory floor mats back here as well. Child safety locks on the back doors. We'll hop inside, check out the instrument cluster and the radio real quick. I'm not going to go over it too much, about a little bit. And then we'll check out all those LED lights in just a second. So you get these seven inch LCD display.  You have your RPMs over here and then you have your battery charge and power percentage right there as well. So a lot of stuff going on, on that instrument cluster has the heated leather wrap steering wheel cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left and audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. This one has the 8.44C radio. You get AM, FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. You have your heated seats and heated steering wheel buttons as well as your backup camera, which is HD, which I love that they've done on the Wranglers. Nice and crystal clear. Those grid lines are dynamic as well. So as you turn that steering wheel, those turn as well. So that's pretty cool.  There's Highway 41 and we're right off Highway 41. If you want to come visit us. So this is all your different apps. You have projection manager. We can project your cell phone to the screen. We actually did a demo with Android Auto. If you want to check that out, that's in the upper right hand part of screen.  Those take a second to load. So while they're loading, I'll show you that it does have the volume tune and climate controls, more tactile buttons and knobs heated in seats and steering wheel button, stability control. This is your select speed control, screen off mute. And then this button is your battery recharge. So if you want to recharge your battery more, press that button and you'll notice that the vehicle slows down a lot faster under no pedal, no gas pedal. And that's what it's doing is it's recharging the batteries through the regenerative braking system and it uses the vehicle's momentum to recharge those batteries. So it's kind of a neat system, but you'll definitely notice it when you turn that light on. You have your window controls, a USB USB-C. This one has the part time four wheel drive system and the four wheel drive auto system, the eight speed automatic transmission. You have your keyless entry with remote start. It does have the flipper key, which is one of my favorite key fobs of all time. And then you get your off road pages here. You get your steering angle, your transfer case, whether you're in two high or four high. You have your latitude, longitude, altitude, accessory gauges, and then your pitch and roll there as well. Note that the dash is leather wrapped. So that's pretty cool. That comes on the Saharas. And then you have your quick disconnects for your front hardtop pieces, SOS and assist buttons, auto dimming mirror, and your home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems. So we're going to check out all those LED lights. I did want to show you under the hood. The other thing with the four by E is this is where you charge it. There's a plug-in right there. That's where your charger goes right in. It'll click in. And then if it's charging, it'll flash green. If it's fully charged, it'll be full green. And if it's got, it's not plugged in or something, something's not right, it'll be red. So that's pretty cool system right there as well. Like I said, I'll show you under the hood real quick. There's not a ton that's different under here. Basically just the power cord coming from the charger up there down to the hybrid system and to the batteries is really the only thing that is different under the hood. But I will show you the emission sticker. So you can check that out. All right. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to turn all the lights off in the studio. I'm going to pause the video, turn the lights off, and then I'll show you the vehicle with all the lights on in the dark so you can see just how nice those lights are. All right, you can see just how nice and bright all those LED lights are. Really looks good. They reflect nicely off that silver too. One of my favorite colors on the Wranglers with one of my favorite systems. I'm a big fan of the 4xE. It would definitely be perfect for my personal driving as I only drive about seven to eight miles a day. So it would be perfect to put in that electric mode every day. Never use gas. Anyways, you can see those LED tail lamps, LED license plate lights, and just a really, really good looking Wrangler. I hope you enjoyed the video and I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video. Hopefully from this HD video you've been able to get a really good idea of the overall looks, styling, options, understand a little bit more about the 4xE system, and especially the Sahara package as well. And to see more pictures of this Jeep or one of our other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, you name it, we got to go to that website right there, summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video. And all the videos that you see there, click the bell notifications. You'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. In fact, in a second you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel on the upper left. A link to more Wrangler videos I've done in the upper right, a link to this vehicle on our website, or how to take your hardtop off in the lower left, and a link to how to take your doors off in the lower right. Click those, check us out. We're super excited to help you with this ultra clean brand new 2023 Jeep Wrangler Sahara 4xE in Hydra Blue Proco. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


other people can be really, really helpful when it comes to helping us manage our chatter or really harmful. In some cases, they can make it worse. And in fact, some of the messages that were often taught about how to use our relationships to help us are the wrong messages. Guys, we put out great content every week and we want to make sure that you're notified when those videos drop. So smash that subscribe button, hit that notification bell, and make sure you like and share our videos that helps other people find us. Words can be really powerful for influencing how we think about the world, how we think about ourselves. We're often thinking in terms of words. Now, we're not always thinking in terms of words. We could also think in terms of pictures and images. And we spend a lot of time doing that too. But I'd argue that we live in a world of words. Just to give you another example, since you're bringing up language and its power, distance self-talk, using your name to coach yourself through problems, you could think of this as one kind of linguistic shift. And just as an aside, I think it's fascinating that a lot of people stumble on this shift without even knowing it. You could see evidence of this all around in newspaper interviews. Jennifer Lawrence did an interview a couple of years ago at the Times, got flustered. And she paused and said, all right, Jennifer, get yourself together. This is not therapy. Lebron James, Julia Caesar, Henry Adams, and lots and lots of others. I think it's fascinating that there's this intuition that many of us have about ways of talking to ourselves that can be helpful. And we do it without even knowing it. Distance self-talk is one example. But let me give you another example of a different kind of linguistic shift that can be helpful.   Terrible, terrible story. She went into mourning and after a 30-day mourning period was over, she wrote a post on her Facebook page. I'm going to butcher the quote here, so don't hold me to it. But effectively, what she wrote at one point in the quote was she talked about her feelings and she goes, when you lose someone you love, you don't know what to do. Your heart just leaves you. You don't know how to move on. And what was really interesting about that quote was she was talking about probably the most personal kind of experience a person can have, like the loss of the love of their lives. But she's not talking about it in the first person. She's not saying, when I lost someone I love, I didn't know what to do. My heart left me. She's using a word you that we typically use to refer to others. What she was essentially doing there by using the word you, she's talking about her own personal experience in universal terms. She's effectively saying, when anyone loses someone they love, anyone would feel terrible. Anyone's heart would leave their body. And so we've done studies on this and what talking about your own experience in universal terms does.  It's not just about you. This is how the world works. Anyone would deal with this adversity the way that I'm dealing with it, right? So that's, it's pushing it away and it's normalizing the experience in ways that make it much easier for people to make meaning out of the experience and work through it. And so it's benefiting you, but it's also doing one other really important thing. When I talk about my experience, my own personal experience as relevant to the world, guess what? Johnny and AJ, you are part of the world. I'm sucking you into my experience. I'm connecting you. I'm establishing empathy. So it's a way of bringing people together as well. One word, you know, you instead of I, and that's the power of language. Well, it's also, it's very telling of how somebody, and you were mentioning about Jennifer Lawrence and this other example of how they feel or how they're filtering their experiences. But it also, this is what I was saying about the softening. So now you don't have to be vulnerable and say, I feel this way. You're using this universal, but my experiences are going to be filtered through different lenses. So of course, I'm going to feel something. You can't just attribute those experiences to me. That may allow you to speak about them from a distance and feel safer about it. But you can't then use that information or use that you to say, Oh, well, see, he's agreeing with me. He must feel that way because that's going to lead you in trouble because you're now attributing emotions to me that may or may not be there. Yes. Yeah. This is, this is a fantastic point. And in fact, there has to be a level of social sensitivity with these kinds of communications, right? Because it is possible that if you're talking about a particularly contentious issue, and you are attributing something not just to yourself, but others that that could backfire in, in the wrong circumstances. And so what's interesting about that to me is it might have benefit for the individual who's speaking, but it might have this social cost. And I think that's where you need social intelligence when thinking about how to use that particular mechanism. Well, I was just going to say, you can notice these things in copywriting or social media, certain platforms, certain language allows those messages and ideas to be shared easier than on other platforms. And so if I say something like I feel this way, I'm being as the, as writing copy, I'm attributing these emotions or these ideas to myself. But if I say that you universal, then other people feel that I am speaking to them. And it's easier for them to adopt these ideas. I mean, this is why copywriting is its own language in general, although we might have an understanding about it to be very good at it. It is a skill that takes years in developing. Absolutely. I mean, so, you know, if you were coaching a person through how to communicate well about certain kinds of thorny issues, let's say there's a situation in which someone does something really bad, right? In that instance, you might want to coach them to talk in the first person, not with the university, because you want them to take ownership of this. You don't want to say this is how the world works. There's an example of a previous politician who, we actually opened one of our articles with this quote, says something to like, I pay nothing in taxes. That's just what you do. You don't pay taxes to the American government. Actually, some of us do pay taxes, so don't draw me into your experience. So, I mean, I think that's exactly your point. And remember, guys, if you've learned something from this video and I hope you did, make sure you hit the subscribe button, hit that notification bell. That way, you'll always know when we put up a new video. And if you have any questions, make sure you put them in the comments below. Well, I want to touch on the combining of these tools because for me, that cocktail has been one of the ways that I've gotten through the pandemic mentally, not only coaching myself, AJ through it, but thinking about historically that this is not the first time that we as a human species have gone through a pandemic. And here we are with even more advanced scientific technologies to help guide us through it. And zooming out from this, like every day of the pandemic is grinding to, well, how will I feel when everyone's vaccinated? We're back to normal. Am I going to be still sitting with this? Am I going to allow myself to live in this state? And in those inner conversations have been really crucial for me working through what's gone on in the last year around this pandemic. So, what I love about the book is not only do you highlight all the tools, but it really is a way for you to create a recipe that works for you and not look at a one size fits all model of just do this and you'll be better, which we know doesn't often work in these situations with the mind. Totally, totally. You know, I think this is where the self experimentation has to occur. And it's actually so the scientists right now where we are as a field is we've identified a universe of different science based tools that are that are useful. What we haven't yet figured out is how those tools combine optimally for different people in different situations. So we're doing that experimentation in the lab. And while we do that, I think there's an opportunity for readers and listeners to start doing some self experimenting on their own.  I mean, those are certainly tools that that I've used as well. Another set of tools that I've availed myself of involve other people. And I think that's another important bucket of tools to maybe spend a little bit of time talking about. I'd love to get your perspective on this because you do so much work coaching others. But in my experience, there are lots of myths surrounding the role that other people play in our lives and whether they can be helpful or harmful. My my read of the literature is that other people can be really, really helpful when it comes to helping us manage our chatter or really harmful. And in some cases, they can make it worse. And in fact, some of the messages that we're often taught about how to use our relationships to help us are the wrong messages. So for example, we're often told that when you're experiencing chatter, find someone to talk to you, let it out, venture emotions express. There's been a lot of work on this. And it turns out that when you vent to someone else, that can be really good for our friendship. So we're buddies now AJ and Johnny, I could call either of you up with a problem. I talked to you guys about it. You asked me about my feelings, what happened? That strengthens our friendship. It's good to know that there's someone I can share with you validate how I feel. But if all you do is ask me about what happened, it's like just pouring fuel on a burning flame, right? You're just keeping that negative experience alive. If you don't talk to me in a way that helps me reframe that experience or broaden my perspective, I leave the conversation and I'm just as upset as I was when I started. And so there's actually a name for this, a technical term called co-rumination, where two people go back and forth back and forth. And it predicts all sorts of bad things like anxiety and depression over time. So this is something that we often get wrong and there are ways to fix it. Well, this is funny because we literally had this exact conversation before you jumped on. So one of our clients in our group coaching program went on a date, had a negative response and was ruminating on what could have caused this negative response. In his mind, he did everything right. He was not anticipating that response. So what did he do? He didn't come to us first as coaches. He went to another member in the group and validated through co-rumination what was going on, not having the ability to take an outside perspective and look at, could there be things that are not having anything to do with you and actions that you took in this date that led to that negative reaction? Could it be something completely outside of you that you're not thinking about? Which is what we try to do constantly as coaches because we know the trap around co-rumination. It feels good to share those negative feelings. It feels good to be bound together by, oh, I felt that too. I've experienced that too. But it often leads you into this trap of staying with that feeling and thought and turning it into now a belief about how the next date is going to go or what to expect the next time you see someone. And of course, that leads us in a world of hurt when it comes to actually connecting with the people that we want to in our lives because now we have two people co-ruminating, bonding, feeling closer, but unable to get out of their own way with these mental hurdles that chatter is causing. And I want to add to that as well. If you are persuasive or able to influence the other person in a couple of the reaches to then begin ruminating on a couple of false premises, the end result can get quite bizarre. I mean, and we're also, to look at it on a grand scale, we're in a culturally messed up situation where we're finding people who will indulge these false premises online all the time. And we're ending up in crazy conspiracy theories in every direction that you want to go.  And you often can see this happening in this kind of these echo chamber like bubbles that are happening on social media, which are giant hive mind co-rumination sessions. But you both put it very well, right? What's so fascinating about co-rumination is that it has a seductive allure. It feels so good in the moment to find that other person to just rant about what's worrying or depressing or anger at you. It feels great for the two of you, but if the goal is to move past it, then we need to do more than just vent. And so the formula from research is what you want to do is find someone who will let you share a little bit about what happened to you and what you felt like we have these social and emotional needs that we want to get satisfied by other people. But once you've spoken a bit about what's bothering you at a certain point in the conversation, ideally the person you're chatting with helps nudges you to try to broaden your perspective. All right, so this happened, but this has happened before, how I've dealt with in the past, or how might you do it differently, or here's how I deal with this, different ways of approaching this situation to broaden the perspective and ultimately help the person work through it.