Welcome to this CUBE conversation with Fortinet. I'm Lisa Martin. John Madison joins me, the CMO and EVP of products. John, welcome back to the program. Thanks Lisa, good to be here. Good to see you. So so much has changed since I last saw you. The move to remote work caused by the pandemic led so many organizations to invest in modern networking and security technologies. And we see, you know, the rise in the threat landscape that protecting digital assets is becoming even more and more urgent because the threats are continuing to escalate. Talk to me about some of the things that you're seeing with this current threat landscape. Yeah, well, it keeps changing, that's for sure. You saw some recent surveys where, you know, now companies are saying in terms of where employees are located, you know, 25% expecting to be in the office, 25% expected to be permanently in the home, and then there's this big 50% of hybrid, which we think will move a bit more towards the office as people get back in the office, but that's going to take some time. We're actually starting to move back in the office here in Santa Clara, Sunnyvale, but it's very different in every region in the US and regulations and laws around the world. And so we think it's going to be very much work from anywhere. There's a bit of travel starting as well. And so this work from anywhere concept is going to be very important to customers going forward and the ability to change the dynamics of that ratio as they go forward. Right, yeah, this work from anywhere that last year overnight sort of became an absolute essential, but now as you said, we're going to have this hybrid model of some going back, some staying home and the security and the perimeter is dissolving. When you look at supporting customers and their new work from anywhere model, what are some of the things that are top of mind that you're hearing from customers? Well, you know, I sometimes hear this premise is disappearing. I think in some ways it's moving to the user and the devices. And this is concept called Zero Trust Network Access, which I've said in many occasions should be Zero Trust Application Access, but they named it that way, which is going to be important technology because as I said, it kind of moves that perimeter then to that user. And previous technology that we had, VPN technology was good technology. And in fact, a lot of companies, we go back to when the pandemic started last year, put a lot of people on the VPN technology as quickly as possible and it was reasonably robust. But as we go forward, all we're going to have to do is make sure that perimeter, at that perimeter, our users only get access to the applications they're using rather than the whole network. Eventually when they're on the network, need to make sure that it's segmented so they can't go everywhere as well. And so there's Zero Trust Network Access or Zero Trust or Zero Trust Access lots of kind of different versions of it. There's going to be very important concept for users. The other piece of it, I think, is also that it needs to be more intuitive to users. Anything you kind of have users do, like the VPN where you had to kind of dial in and bring up your connection and your connection, et cetera, et cetera, means that people tend not to use it. And so to make it intuitive and automatic is going to be really important. Intuitive and automatic. One of the things that we also saw was this massive rise in digital transformation last year, SaaS adoption, these SaaS applications keeping many of us in collaboration. So I'm thinking, in that sense, with the perimeter changing and the work from any work, this consistent secure internet connection among users at the branch or the branch of one has to be there to keep organizations productive and safe. How is the Fortinet enabling the ZTNA, this evolution of VPN? Yeah, that's another piece of it. So not only are users on and off the network or traveling, so the applications are moving. So a lot of them have moved from data centers to public cloud in the form of infrastructure or SaaS when I've seen customers actually move some applications towards the building or building compute or edge compute. So the applications keep moving, which also causes this problem. So another function of zero trust access or ZTNA is to not care where the application is. You rely on some technology, it's called proxy technology, which allows the proxy to track where the applications are. And for us, that sits inside our firewalls and that makes it very flexible. And so you've been able to kind of just ramp up that proxy against the policy engine, whether it be in the data center or in the cloud or even on your premise, even integrated inside a branch or something like that is going to be very important because as you just said, those applications will just keep moving into different areas and different zones as you go forward. And that's probably going to be permanent for a lot of organizations. So they haven't renamed it zero trust application access, like you think it should be, but when organizations are looking into zero trust network access, what are some of the key things that they need to be looking for and mindful of? Yes, and so it's probably the number one conversation I've had over the last six months. I think people initially just had to get something working. Now they're looking seriously at a longer term architecture for their access, their user access and device access. I think what I find is that something like zero trust network access is more of a use case across multiple components. And so if you look inside it, you need a client component endpoint. You need a proxy in front of the cloud capabilities. You need a policy engine. You need to use identity based systems. If you haven't got, if you can't get an agent on the device, you may need a NAC system. And so usually what customers find is I've got four or five current different vendors in those areas and cybersecurity vendors are not the best at working together, wish they were, because then we'd be better for customers. And so trying to get two vendors to work is hard enough trying to get five or six is really hard. And so what they're looking at over time is to say, maybe I'll get the minimum basic ZTNA working. And then as I go forward, for example, what they really want is this continuing posture assessment. Well, you can do that with some EDR technology, but is that EDR technology integrated into your policy engine? No. So I think what customers are saying is, let me start with the base ZTNA with maybe two vendors. And then as I go forward, implement a fabric or a platform approach to get everything working together because it's just too hard with five or six vendors. Right. Is there, I'm curious if there's a shared responsibility model with customers working with different vendors. What actions and security responsibilities fall on the customer that they need to be aware of? Well, and it also comes back to this, this convergence of networking and security. And I've said a few times, I've definitely seen CIOs and CISOs, security teams and networking teams working much more closely. And especially when you've got a use case now that goes across security items and networking items, the proxy's always been in the control of the networking team. Endpoints security's always been the security team. It's just forcing this convergence, not just of the technologies itself, but of the organizations inside enterprises. Well, and that's a challenging one for every organization is getting, if you're talking about it in general, the business folks, the IT folks. Now this is not just a security problem. This is a problem for the entire corporation as we just saw with the colonial pipeline. Ransomware is now becoming a household name. These are business critical board level discussions, I imagine, on the security side. How are, is Fortinet helping customers kind of bridge that gap between the biz folks and the IT folks where security is concerned? Yeah, I know Ransomware's been around quite a while. I think two years ago, we saw a lot of it in the schools, K-12 schools in the U.S. I think they're picking some richer targets now. The colonial one, I think there was a four million ransom. I think that they managed to get some of that money back, but instead of demanding 5,000 or 10,000 from a small business or a school, they obviously demanding millions from these larger companies. And one of the problems with Ransomware is, it still relies heavily on social engineering.  I think what it means is you have to put some more proactive things in place, like the zero trust, like micro segmentation, like web application file walling, all these capabilities to try and make your systems as strong as possible to then put in detection and response systems to assume that someone's clicking on something somewhere, just to help, but it's definitely the environment, you know, the threat environment. It's not really got more sophisticated. Yes, there are still advanced threats. I fear more about those weaponized APTs and state sponsored, but there's definitely a huge volume of ransomware now going after, you know, not only, you know, meat processing factories, but pipelines and critical infrastructures we go forward. That's the more worrying. Right, you bring up a good point about sort of people being one of the biggest challenges from a security perspective, clicking on links, not checking to see if a link is bogus or legitimate. So, Helmi, I'll understand a little bit more. How is zero trust can help maybe take some of that human error out of the equation? Well, because I think before, you know, when you got access, when you were off the network and you got access to the network, you got access to everything. Okay, so once you're on the network, and I think the Colonial Pipeline was a good example where traditionally operational technology networks, physical networks were separate from the IT network, and they had something called an air gap. And that air gap meant you really couldn't get to it. Now, when people had to be remote because of the pandemic, they started taking these air gaps in it. And so now you had remote access. And so again, when they got that remote access and they got into the network, the network was very flat and you could see everything, you can go anywhere. And so that's what zero trust does. It kind of says, I kind of did the zero trust approach to you that I'm only going to allow you access to this application.  And that really provides a bit more safety. Now I still, we still think you need to put things like segmentation in place and some other capabilities and monitoring and everything else, but it just narrows the attack surface down from this giant network approach to a specific application. Narrowing that is the right direction. How do organizations, when you're working with customers, how do they go, how do they evolve from a traditional VPN to zero trust? What are some of the steps involved in that? Well, I think it's, you know, what's interesting is customers still have data centers. In fact, you know, some of the customers who have legacy applications will have a data center for a long time. And in fact, what I find is even if you've implemented zero trust to a certain, you know, population, employee population, they still have VPNs in place. And sometimes they use them for the IT folks. Sometimes they use them for specialized developers and stuff like that. And so I think it's going to be like everything, everything goes a hundred percent this way and it all stays this way. And so it's going to be hybrid for a while where we see VPN technology and zero trust together. Now we look, you know, our approach is that you can add both together and it's both on the same platform. And it'll just have gradually evolve as you go forward. What are some of the things that you're looking forward to in the next year as this hybrid environment continues that hopefully things start to open up more? What are some of the things that we can expect to hear and see from Fortinet? Well, I'm looking forward to getting out my home office. That's for sure. It's like I've been imprisoned here for... I agree with you on that. So we'll try that. And, you know, I always thought I traveled too much before and now I'm contemplating on the travel piece, but from, you know, Fortinet's perspective, you know, our goal is to make sure that, you know, our customers can increase or make sure they can protect themselves. And so we want to help them and keep working with them such that they put best practices in place and they start architecting longer term to implement things like Zero Trust or Sassi or some of these other capabilities. And so, you know, I think we've had a lot of interest with customers on these virtual sessions. I'm really looking forward to getting them back in our new building, our new executive briefing center, which we're opening up in the next few weeks. You may have more of those face-to-face and whiteboarding conversations with customers. Oh, that sounds so exciting. I agree with you on the travel front, but going from traveling a ton to none was a big challenge. But also I mentioned it'll be great to actually get to collaborate with customers and partners, you know, you can only do so much by Zoom. Talk to me a little bit about some of the things on the partnership front that we might be seeing. Yeah, our partners, you know, we're 100% partner-driven company and partners are very important to us. And, you know, that's why we always, when we introduce new technology, we work with the partners to make sure they understand it. So for example, we provide free, what we call NSC training to all our partners. And then we also work with them very closely to put systems in their labs and then demos and make sure they can architect. And so partners are really important to us. And, you know, making sure that they can provide value as part of the solution set to our customers, because customers trust them. And so we want to make sure that we work with our partners closely so they can help the customer implement and architect the solutions as they go forward. That trust is critical, right? I mean, we can talk about that at every event, every cube conversation, the trust that a customer has in you, the trust that you have in a partner and vice versa. That whole trust circle kind of goes along the lines with what we're talking about in terms of being able to establish that trust so that that threat landscape, that's probably only going to continue to get bigger is in the trusted hands of folks like Fortinet and your partners to be able to enable those customers to narrow that threat landscape. Yeah, yeah. And so it could be the smallest partner to the largest service provider. We don't mind. We want to make sure that we're walking with them to provide that implementation for the customers. And again, the word trust is sometimes overused, but that's what customers are looking for. So John, point me to, when our audience has some of the information that they can find on dot com about zero trust, what are some of the things that you think are a great cost to action for the audience? Yeah, I mean, it depends on what level you want to get into. We have a bunch of assets, videos and training that start at the very highest level. Why is zero trust something you need to implement? And then it goes down into more details and then even the architecture long-term architecture and connectivity and implementation. So there's a lot of assets on foodnet.com. If you go in our training sessions, we all are trainings free to our customers. And so you can go in all those NSE levels and look at the capabilities. So yeah, definitely it's an area of high interest from our customers. But as I say to them, it's more of a journey. Yes, you can implement something today really quickly, but will that work for you over the long-term in making sure you can take all the information from the, like I said, what is the posture of that device? What is the device of that agent doing? Is my contextual engine integrated as well? So it's a journey for customers. But you can start with something simple, but you need to have that plan for that journey in place. I imagine though, John, it's a journey that is either accelerating or with the threat landscape and some of the things that we've already talked about is becoming an absolutely board critical conversation. So on that journey, just supporting network with customers to accelerate certain parts of it because these businesses have been pivoting so much in the last year and they've got to not just survive but now thrive in this new landscape, this new hybrid work from home, work from anywhere environment and also with more threats. Yeah, no, it's a good point. And so even those internally are implementing it, starting with the most critical assets first. So let's say, I've got somebody working on source code, they should be the first ones to get the zero trust implementation. I've got somebody asking for the internet to search for stuff, maybe they're okay for now. But yeah, so you kind of prioritize your assets and users against the threat and then implement that's why I'm saying you can roll it out across everyone as a certain version of it, but I think it's better to prioritize first the most important assets and IP and then roll it out that way. Great advice. A lot of those, because a lot of those assets are still sitting in the data center. Right. So they're not sitting in the cloud. Right. John, great advice. Thank you so much for joining me. Good to see you, glad all as well and that you will be able to get out of your home office. You're just days away from that. I'm sure that's going to feel great. Certainly, yes. And thank you, Lisa. Nice to see you. For John Madison, I'm Lisa Martin. You're watching this CUBE conversation.


Hello everyone. Myself K.R. Biradhar, assistant professor, department of ENTC, WIT-Solapore. Today I am going to discuss the topic on continuous time and discrete time signals. Let us start with the learning outcomes first. At the end of this session, students will be able to define various types of signals, differentiate CT and DT signals that is continuous time and discrete time signals. These are the some of the contents. Introduction to signal and system that is definition of signal and system. Continuous time signal and discrete time signal. Types of continuous signals, lastly references. Signal and system. A signal is defined as a physical quantity that varies with time, space or any other independent variable. For example, what I am speaking now is, is a speech signal or voice signal is an continuous time signals. Variation of room temperature. For example, continuously temperature will vary independent of the time or irrespective of the time. That is also example for continuous time signals. Then what is the system? System is a meaningful interconnection of physical devices and components which act together. That means, so all the elements of a system are arranged in such a way that which acts together, which should perform a particular task that you can call it as a system. Next, move on to the next slide. That is continuous time signal and the discrete time signals. There are two types of signals that is continuous time and discrete time signal. Then first one is the signals that are continuous in time and continuous in amplitude are called continuous time signals. Example for this is a sine wave. Let us see this wave form. It is a sine wave. Along the x axis you can find the time. Along the y axis it is an amplitude. So, along the x axis time is an independent variable but even it is continuous in nature. Whereas amplitude also it is continuous in. That every instant of time there is an amplitude. That means it is continuous in nature. Whereas in other form of signal that is discrete time signal. So, signal amplitude is present only at discrete intervals of time. Let us see that also. So, a signals that are discrete in time and continuous in amplitude are called discrete time signals. Along the x axis it is an n. Along the y axis it is x n. Continuous time signals are represented by x of t versus t. Whereas discrete time signals are generally represented by x of n versus n. So, n is an index here. Along the x axis you can see index. For every discrete values of n you are getting corresponding value of x n that is an amplitude. In the previous case it is different. That is t is continuous. Every instant of time you are going to get the signal x of t. Next question arises whether discrete time and digital signals are same? Answer is no because let us see the digital signals in the next slide. In digital signals we can find there are discrete time and discrete amplitude. So, in discrete time signals what you have seen is it is discrete time continuous amplitude. Every instant of time interval of time there is an amplitude but amplitude is not constant. Whereas in digital signals you are going to find it is a constant amplitude samples that is 5 volt. But here it varies from 0 to 5 volt. That means every instant of interval you are going to get the amplitude at the high or low. That is high is always constant that value is 5 volt. But discrete time signal you are going to get the different values of amplitude. That is the only difference between digital signals and the discrete time signals. Next classification of continuous time signals. What are the basic classification? How we are going to classify the continuous time signals? First one is unit step function which is defined as u of t is equal to 1 for t is greater than or equal to 0. For 0 for t is less than 0. That means you can see this diagram unit step function along the x axis it is t along the y axis u of t. u of t value is 1 that is unit step it is. So, its value is present only for t is greater than or equal to 0. Even if t is equal to 0 u of 0 is equal to 1. If t is equal to 1 then u of 1 is equal to 1. If t is equal to 2 3 4 up to plus infinity its value is always constant is equal to 1. Whereas from 0 to minus infinity left hand side of this waveform you are not going to get the any value. That means if you substitute the value t is equal to minus 1 minus 2 minus 3 up to minus infinity. You are going to get the 0 steps signal present only at positive side of the waveform. Unit RAM signal which is defined as r of t is equal to t for t is greater than or equal to 0 0 for t is less than 0. That means here r of t or amplitude is present only between 0 to plus infinity. r of 0 if I substitute value will become 0. If I substitute t is equal to 1 r of 1 is equal to 1. If I substitute t equal to r of 2 is equal to 2. Then the values is present only and the right hand side of this waveform starts from 0 up to plus infinity. If I substitute a plus infinity r of infinity is equal to infinity. Along the negative side of this waveform you are not going to get the any values. Its value is defined as 0 irrespective of t minus 1 minus 2 minus 3 up to minus infinity. Next is unit parabolic signal which is defined as x of t is equal to t square divided by 2. For t is greater than or equal to 0 0 for t is less than 0. That means along the x axis if you consider t along the y axis it is x of t. Keep on substituting the value of t which varies from 0 to plus infinity. So for example if I substitute t is equal to 0 x of 0 is equal to its value 0. If I substitute t is equal to 1 x of 1 is equal to 1 square that is 1 divided by 2.5. If I substitute t is equal to that is 2 square is 4 divided by 2 its value is 2. Keep on increasing up to plus infinity. Whereas from the negative side again it is 0 irrespective of value of t. t may be minus 1 minus 2 minus 3 up to minus infinity. Its value is x of t will become equal to 0. Impulse function which is defined denoted by delta t and it is defined as delta of t is equal to 1 for t is equal to 0 0 otherwise. That means delta impulse function is present only at t is equal to 0. Any other places its value of t its value is 0. Next signum function signum function is defined as g n of t which is equal to 1 for t is greater than 0 0 for t is equal to 0 is equal to minus 1 for t is less than 0. Its value is 1 that means you can see the waveform. So from 0 to plus infinity its value is constant which is equal to 1 for t is greater than 0. Value 0 for t is equal to 0 along the negative side its value is always minus 1 that is t is less than 0. So, which up to 0 it is minus 1 at 0 it is 0 again from 0 to infinity t is plus 1. Next one is exponential function which is defined as x of t is equal to e raised to a t. So, a waveform depends on the value of a if a is equal to 0 a is greater than 1 and a is less than 1. So, if I say a is equal to 0 that becomes a DC signal if I say a is greater than 1 it is continuously or exponentially growing signal if I say a is less than 1 it is exponentially decaying signal. See the waveform t versus x of t if I substitute a value 0 then x of t is equal to e raised to 0 which is equal to 1 it becomes amplitude equal to 1 it is a constant signal or DC signal. In the figure b exponentially growing signal if I substitute the value of a which is greater than 1 then depends on the value of a depends on the value of a and t then you are going to get the continuously growing signal or exponentially growing signal. If I substitute t is equal to minus 1 it becomes very low low low if I substitute the value t is plus 0 to infinity then its value is growing or exponentially whereas, for a is less than 1 it is a decaying signal along the negative side of the waveform you can see the value of t is minus that is why if I multiply a minus with the value of a which is less than 1 then you are going to get the exponential rising towards as you go towards right side it is going to become 0 0 then if I substitute e a is equal to 0 then its value is 1 if I substitute t is equal to 2 3 4 up to etcetera plus infinity its value is decaying that means exponentially decaying signal these are the some of the references I referred thank you.


This is the VOA Special English Health Report. A new campaign aims to fight 10 diseases that affect many of the world's poorest people, but do not get much attention. At the end of January, officials announced the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases. The diseases include conditions like sleeping sickness, guinea worm, and leprosy. They affect more than a billion people worldwide. The effort involves 13 drug companies and the governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the United Arab Emirates. It also includes the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the World Bank, and health groups. The campaign promises almost $800 million for drug donation programs. Stephen O'Brien, a member of the British Parliament, was at the launch. He said financial investment and cumulative spending will increase five-fold from $79 million to $387 million by 2015. That is four treatments a second, he said. The United States Agency for International Development says neglected tropical diseases, or NTDs, cost governments and businesses $10 billion a year. This is in lost productivity and treatment costs. Dr. Donan Mubando is with the Tanzanian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. He says the plight of people with the neglected tropical diseases is so real in my country, you need to see people with severe itching, lizard skin, which is a manifestation of river blindness. The Declaration calls for control or elimination of the 10 diseases by 2020. Margaret Chan, the director general of the World Health Organization said, just think of the prospect of freeing millions of people. Most of them are children and women, so that they could have a healthy and productive life. The Gates Foundation is giving $363 million to the campaign. There have been many campaigns before against these diseases. Dr. Niraj Mistri of the Global Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases says, those earlier efforts were not very effective because access to drugs was limited. He says now, with the increased support, we can actually take the response to NTDs to scale, which means that we can treat more communities and more people. The 13 drug companies have also agreed to share information that could speed up the development of new treatments. For VOA Special English, I'm Mario Ritter. For more health news, along with activities for learning English, go to voaspecialenglish.com.


Hey Eli. Hey Brandon. How are you doing? I'm good. How are you? Good. Good. Thanks on these coasts. I heard the weather there was really good the last few days. Oh, yeah, it was great. Is it still kind of summerish? It's nice. It's a bit dark today, but it's a lot better like two weeks back. It was like raining the entire week But now it's a little sunny the past few days. So, yeah By the way, I wanted to ask you What are you using for authorization for for SWIFI, SWIFI IDs? Is there any like What authorization we use on top? Like for example, if you run services and stuff like that We Use a home build system They're currently Like different Systems and we're building anyone that will use the SWIFI only But yeah, I have to build everything. Okay. Yeah, we ended up figuring out that we have to integrate it specifically for ourselves. So Yeah, I guess we can chat about that. Yeah, exactly. Yeah, it's a mix. We just looked on what is there and we need a mix of Herbac and Abac basically, so we didn't find what's what's in there. All right. Hi everyone Aaron, good morning, Akshonen. We'll try and keep this this session brief since Just in this Let us know that it's a better Wednesday, and I think we're Rembrandt's day in Europe. So I Think we have a pretty short agenda. So so we can let everyone get back to to the holiday yeah it was just kind of weird timing because we didn't have last week's one because of Election election day and then we have two-pronged and then we Thanksgiving. So I think we wanted to kind of just sync up really quickly For everyone forgets about us And Okay, I think the main agenda item we have is from Vinay today, so let's wait a couple I'll ask that question like well, do we need to wait? I'll go for it Let's see. Yeah Anybody looked into that Google security score open source project It's pretty interesting idea It's just the one that was posted in the group. Yeah. Yeah. I Don't know if we like if we should use something like this during like Assessment and make make sure that's like everything in his past or like there is like basically project is working on Cleaning up all their items that's highlighted by the tool So this is the CI CI check right it looks like it could be implemented as a part by they they basically check lots of Things and they have like a on their repository Basically, they explain in what's what checks are and what you can do and how we can enable the things like part of this like a fuzzing for example using osfas and Some things like a sas for example using something that you can also enable for As a part of git and I think it's free for open source projects Wish all big seems to be good practices. We should encourage doing something like this Yeah, I think in initially like right now what we're using in the security assessment. We're using the CI badging But yeah, this could be Another thing that we could also add into it as well Okay, yeah, I posted the link for that in the chat for those that are interested And then we have we have a Message in the site channel. So anyone interested can comment on that as well Cool, I think we have Vinay. Are you there? Yes, I'm here. Okay. Awesome. So Sorry in going around right. Oh, sorry. I was on mute. So I was trying not to say. Oh, sorry. I was on Yeah, I think we're just gonna Do a quick round of check-ins. It doesn't seem like that's that much update on today. I Think we're gonna There are a couple of new faces around. So maybe let's kind of go through that really quickly and then I think Vinay you You own most of the well all of the gender items today. So I after we do the check-ins will pass it over to you That's good. Okay So I see a couple New faces on your names around here Do you want to do an introduction if you're new I think Altez and Eric and model I'll jump in real quick. Hi everybody. I'm Altez here Calling in from Toronto in Canada work for a company called security compass and we're all about sort of security and Trying to help DevOps teams move quickly and making sure that security doesn't slow them down. So looking forward to working with you guys on this Awesome. Nice to meet you out. Hey, welcome Altez Mark Eric model do you want to do a quick introduction? Gingo and my name is Marla Weston. I am over at Intel. I am here because Ava Black talked me into it and Also, I Work internally with various teams working with Kubernetes So I've been trying to wrap my head around all the different pieces Cool. I I also working in confidence confidential computing. Oh I Do speak every couple of weeks to the QAT team. So part of it is trying to figure out what they need I can't get them to go yet, but we'll get there Awesome. Welcome This is Eric. So, yeah, I believe I've joined these meetings a while back But yeah, I just wanted to get back involved on the working in a company called cystic So involved with Kubernetes security and yeah, just wanted to get a broader perspective as well Awesome. Welcome. All right All right, cool. Thanks, and I I posted them the new members page So if that's something that could be a helpful You know, also Please add yourself as well to the members. That's For those that already have done that Awesome so Vinay, I think the flowers yours Hey, thanks. Thanks, Brandon Everyone as you all know that we've been Hard at work at this security white paper and I think the light is at the end of the tunnel and I think It's it's I think for all practical purposes. It's done. So I you know, I was throwing around an idea which is How about if some of the authors of the paper with a webinar and It's almost like I know it's not like a fireside chat But it's almost like a round table kind of a format where we highlight the various salient aspects of again to truly provide some kind of a perspective from thought leaders and the industry from their learnings as it applies to those various Aspects and dimensions of security as a process as it pertains to Cloud native workflows that we have outlined in the paper and I think some of those are very very beneficial as we all know We've seen it done at Kubecon and other other events So I thought how what if we thought of the idea to actually Pull together such such an event to really Amplify the message of the cloud native security paper across across the community and the industry and And so I wanted to bring that up and and I know as we do always I cut a ticket for it and it's there in the document today, but if you'd like, let me just quickly Grab a link to that and then I'll post it here in the chat So if you're interested, please feel free to call it out in the In the ticket and we'll see how we can move that forward But you know the whole intention is to you know Bring some of the others together to really really talk about some of the salient aspects as we talk about in my mind The way I've started to think about this is two dimensions one is the environment perspective where we talk about compute access Storage runtime and then the application lifecycle where we've talked about You know develop distribute deploy and to really really just Retrait that message as we move this forward. So I don't know Brandon If we should have the discussion here, but the ticket is cut. So We should if you're interested to talk about it definitely Please call call yourself out on the tip So so that is one it's a very very short request I think I think that's cool and it's definitely gonna help socialize to the white paper a lot Just just kind of just when you talk about I was thinking that maybe We could see whether we can try to have a I'm not sure what platform that you were thinking about but I was thinking maybe get a slot on the cncf webinars I think that would be cool Yeah, no, actually, I that's exactly right Brandon. I was thinking maybe I don't know what Six security has like a calendar for webinars But how and the next steps was to determine what the logistics would be to figure that out All right, cool. Yeah So that was one of the first points that I wanted to Talk about and the second one that I also wanted to talk about is the idea came about where I think Pushkar had, you know, kicked off an effort to actually have a Kubernetes perspective, right? Kubernetes perspective on the cloud native security white paper that we will That I think it's already underway. I think it's already written and going to be published So what but what once again, I thought about you know one on the themes as you know This paper is 37 pages long. I think it hasn't been shortened since and and that's a lot right So I wanted I was thinking about kind of like mini blogs or micro blogs that we could actually write to go a little bit deeper and Into each of those dimensions once again and because when you think about how the industry and practitioners Apply right at the end of the day a lot of this great stuff is coming from the community, but we want Practitioners to actually take a lot of these concepts and actually apply it in their different environments and for their use cases So to take I don't know how we can slice and dice it Maybe two three four blogs something like that, but go a little bit deeper Into the best practices and to really help move the needle and help people who are either new or practitioners was struggling with different kind of concepts to get a Slightly deeper perspective to truly take a lot of these concepts and operation. So so that was the motivation and thought around the second mini slash micro blog series and Fundamentally as you can see I think the general Motivation is I think the all of us at six security have done such a tremendous job this is truly a phenomenal product and To see once again how we can help evangelize and Amplify that So I hope I wish I was here for this so a while back You know, there was kind of this this idea of having a six security website where you could kind of get the resources together and I'm not sure whether you're thinking about it in terms of like a blog on the platform or where the you know six security itself can have Yeah, so I think JJ had mentioned that there was some I some talk around that I believe is that right? Yeah, it was called the microsite project. Yeah. Yeah, exactly exactly and so I don't know the status of that Brandon You probably have a better sense of it it was a thing and then it kind of The people that were working on it kind of got busy Like a lot of the things so I think that was like some kind of groundwork we started talking to the CNCF We got some hosting actually they do the hosting on that if I So we got access to that and we're able to like spin up a website And I think we can probably revive that I'm gonna paste the link to the issue and maybe if you could Shoot Shoot an email or may just comment on this trend and then see whether we can get the credentials Yeah, maybe, you know, see if we can kind of revive revive this, right? No, that would be great. Exactly. So I think one thought was maybe this micro site kind of blog or maybe Depending on how that goes and how soon we can bootstrap that or even maybe try to put these blogs on I don't know how it works on the CNCF and obviously on the Ovinia, I'm not sure what you cut up. Yeah, thank you. What's your But Chase, yeah, I think that was the idea is CNCF has given us a domain Unidentified domain for hosting things and then we can put it on that Sure. Sorry. I it really bizarre thing happened zoom just crashed and it rebooted anyway And it was quick. Sorry about that. I might have missed the the previous part of your comment We were just we just responding to Chase's comment But yeah, I think we got most of that and then you cut that around the end Yeah And I also I've lost the chart history because but I also posted the other ticket. I think it's 450 and 451 Hopefully it's there and once again would love for volunteers to collaborate on The 451 as well Okay, do you do you have any thoughts on like how to break down the blocks or like what the granularity of it would be A great question. I do. So what I would like to do is Maybe just put out a document and I'll attach it to the ticket and give a perspective just to start Getting feedback and input on how we can take it from there. Yeah, sure. I'm happy to take that off Yeah, I think we have a list of topics and then We could get some interest for people to sign up for for You know things that they they could write about that would Yeah, that would help. Yeah That's all I had. Thanks. Thank you everyone. Thanks Awesome. Um, so Thanks, Vinay. Um, do we have any other topics any other discussion? That we want to have today Come to security day on monday Yep Wait a second monday tuesday Monday I'm sure it's not it's weird. I think they shifted like I've got the schedule open. It's tuesday monday night. So like contribute meetup and then tuesdays are all the colo events All right. Okay. I'm really confused then. Oh, okay Yeah, I think usually usually it's monday. So I go Yeah, I just assumed it was monday just because it's always monday. So Yeah, and uh, and also we have a six security session as well that keep constant On drop by what time is that? that is It is Look it up. I'll offer the link into the link here that is on Thursday at 450 eastern Yep Cool. If not, um, hopefully you will see Most people next week during company day security day excited for that Awesome. Thank you everyone. Have a good one. Cheers. Thank you. Bye. Bye


If you're like me, you've got a brain just filled with fear, worry, and doubt, but there might be a solution to it. What is up, everybody? This is Chris from The Rewired Soul, where we talk about the problem, but focus on the solution. And today's problem is fear, doubt, and worry. And this video is in honor of the so sad series finale of the Netflix show Sense8, which will be out on June 8th, I believe. But anyways, like share this video. If you know somebody, or if you're somebody who struggles with anxiety and just constant thoughts of fear and worry and predicting these poor outcomes, like share this video because I guarantee it will be helpful, alright? So real quick Sense8 review, recap, without spoilers. If you haven't seen Sense8, like what are you waiting for? You need to go watch it right now, and it's just one of the best shows on Netflix or ever created, and I can't stress that enough. So anyways, what Sense8 is about? Basically, there is a gene that gets activated inside of people. It's kind of like epigenetics, and it links a cluster of eight people up, almost telepathically. So this focuses around a certain cluster of Sense8s, and they can connect. They can hear and see and feel and get in each other's thoughts and things like that. But it's really interesting if you're into kind of like superhero sci-fi stuff. But like, even if you're not like a superhero nerd or anything, and by the way, there's no special powers aside from that, but the dialogue and the message of this show is just so amazing. Like it is beautifully written, and I just love it so, so, so much. Like everybody I've introduced to this show absolutely loves it. So in this video, I'm going to focus on my boy, Kaphius. This guy is just so optimistic and happy, and you know what, I'm going to show you a clip right now. Goodbye my zebra. I have this feeling. I have this feeling. I'm going to have a really good day today. So basically, Kaphius starts out each day by saying that, and it is just, it's so great. Like you can't help but get in a good mood when you watch him, right? But anyways, I wanted to talk about this kind of optimism to counteract the fear, doubt and worry that we get in our brain when we have this fear of the unknown. Like that is anxiety's worst enemy. It's just not knowing what's going to happen. And anxiety is based on a fear response. So our natural thoughts are going to be completely negative. So it's one of the reasons why you keep optimistic people around in your life because they're able to kind of counteract that. But you can also train yourself to counteract that as well. But anyways, I want to talk about the best moment from the entire series. And it comes from season one. And basically what you're seeing here is the young woman Riley. She is flying back home, but she's had this idea that she's cursed and she has bad luck back home. And if she returns back home, something really bad is going to happen. But check it out. What if something terrible happens because of me going back? What if something wonderful happens? So, yeah, as silly as it might sound, I literally use that line all the time. I use it with my clients. I use it with my son. I use it with myself. I use it with my friends. Like when people are coming to me and they're so worried because change is happening and they're like, what if it goes awful? What if, what if, what if, what if, and there's all these negative scenarios running through their head? I remind them, like, what if something amazing happens? What if this change is the best thing to ever happen to you in your life? Like, think about that for a second. The next time you go through a breakup or you lose a job or you have to move and your brain is just racing and saying all these negative things that can happen, what if this is the best thing that could ever happen to you in your life? Like, this is something that I'm able to default to a lot more than I used to be because I had this huge negative bias. But one of the reasons why is because I have actual proof from multiple scenarios in my life where something that I thought was bad ended up being the best thing to ever happen to me in my entire life. And had I not been put in that situation, this amazing thing would have never, ever happened. Basically, what you're doing is when you get into these states of fear and worry and doubt and you remind yourself, like, what if something amazing happens? What if something incredible happens? Like, when you remind yourself that it actually changes the neural pathways in your brain so you start to be a little bit more optimistic. I will link up in the info card as well as in the end screen of video I made about that glasses, half full glasses, half empty mentality and how that actually works. You can actually rewire your brain to be more optimistic.  All right, but anyways, anyways, I would love to hear from you down in the comments below. Let me know, like, do you feel that you're filled with worry and doubt or what's a scenario that you're about to face that you have a lot of negative projections about? All right, leave them down in the comments below and let's discuss. OK, but again, share this video with someone, you know, who worries just a little bit too much. If you like this video, please give it a thumbs up.  So click that little round subscribe button and boom, there's that video. I promised you right there. OK, so check that one out. And also be sure to watch Sensei this weekend. I'm going to do a review too. All right. Thanks for watching. I'll see you next time.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Hartman procedure, HP, in emergency situations. The study found that HP is a life-saving procedure in cases of high risk, emergency colorectal disease. It is important to note that the creation of a temporary stoma during the procedure may require a second operation to close the stoma and the potential physical and emotional issues associated with the stoma should be taken into consideration by the surgeon. This article was authored by Ander Alton, Selchukhaya, Ramazansari, and others.


If the diagnosis is cancer, time is important. Call the PMC Lawson Cancer Center and we'll see you quickly with the goal of starting your plan of care within two weeks of diagnosis. Our purpose is saving lives. The early voting process has begun at the Fiscal Courthouse in downtown Pikeville. From Thursday, November 3rd until Saturday, November 5th, voters are free to exercise their voting rights within a certain timeframe. The process is quick and easy, allowing all legitimate voters to make their decision. We're in the process of early voting. It started this morning at 6 a.m. It'll last until 2 p.m. today. On Friday, it'll be from 10 a.m. until 6 p.m. And on Saturday, it'll be from 8.30 a.m. until 4.30 p.m. We've had a really good turnout as of today. It's around noon and people have been coming in and out. We had voters waiting on us this morning at 6 o'clock when we opened. It's been really good. I urge everybody to get out and vote. It's very important.  Taylor says early voting is important because some individuals may be unable to go to the polls on election day due to personal reasons. There have already been over 200 ballots submitted on the first day. Early voting was established because so many people just run into problems and emergencies on election day. And the crowds, it helps take away from a little bit the overflow. And it just gives them an added opportunity to make sure that they get to the polls. I think it's important that everybody get out and honor their vote. Our veterans fought really hard so that we could have this opportunity and live in a free country. And this is part of our free democracy. And we need to honor that. Reporting for Mountain Top News, I'm Nick Colum.


Can you all hear me? We can actually get started. So good afternoon everyone. Thank you all for coming today to attend our session. I know it's supposed to lunch. I hope you had your caffeine. Hopefully our session is interesting enough to keep you all awake. It's so nice to see everyone like face-to-face finally very very happy both of us are to be here So our session today is about how we built a computer vision-based AI ML machine software solution to secure the surroundings using just open source tools So before I move forward I need to show this slide our legal wants us to show the slide to you the notices and disclaimers This is the agenda for the talk we'll be doing the introduction I'll go over the project objectives Followed by Sam who will cover the architecture and then I'll I'll go with the challenges and learnings We had from this project Sam is gonna end with the ethical considerations So before we actually start Interaction to our team and us So this is our team the guardians team all of us are from Intel Corporation And our team was called as the guardians team. We are mostly based out from Chandler Arizona This particular project involved a couple of sprints for us to finish which included architecting Designing and then building the entire solution My name is me to Elizabeth Simon. I'm a senior software engineer working for Intel Corporation And I'm based out from Chandler Arizona My partner in crime is Sam and I'll hand over the mic to her Hi, I'm Sam. I am in the Austin, Texas area and I am a software engineer here at Intel I I While most of our org is in the Arizona office. I Am the Texas Software engineer, sorry. I'm trying to figure out how to not echo for everyone here today Hopefully that works. So Nathan and I are both in the IOT group here at Intel And so that's kind of a transition into some of the background concepts that are related to our project here today So what is the internet of things? Well? IOT is this web of numerous devices that are interacting and interconnected with minimal human intervention So there are massive amounts of devices that are getting connected more and more to the internet and that are collecting and sharing their data With this rise and the amount of things out there We're seeing a lot of growth in the global IOT market For 2022 we are seeing the global estimation for the IOT market at fourteen point four Trillion dollars That's trillion with a T Which is a lot of money and We're seeing some strong drivers for this growth to include new markets From health care and fitness to manufacturing Retail government the list goes on and there's also increasing support from really big name companies Such as us here at Intel, but also other companies such as Google Microsoft and the like There's also strong drivers things to cheaper and faster processors as well as wireless networks With this growth that we are seeing with IOT. There's also a lot of growth in computer vision based applications Cameras are being deemed that ultimate thing Because they're generating massive amounts of data and so when you're gathering so much data It's critical to derive sense and meaning from this data So computer vision and artificial intelligence is being deemed the eye of IOT Make sense when you think about the lens of a camera Whenever you're developing IOT solutions for smart city smart home Autonomous vehicles or drones You do require that smart eye or a solution to detect Track and analyze objects in real time So for the presentation that we're here today to share with y'all That's on a smart city solution that we worked on and there are a few requirements and goals of a smart city solution Such as improving city safety. This is a big one here You do want that reduction in crime and you do want appropriate notifications sent out to the appropriate safety officials such that they can create action and Lastly you do want some sort of edge analytics of whatever flavor you might be interested in Naturally with any solution there are pain points and When it comes to a computer vision application that might get deployed at the edge There's some interesting ones around the idea of performance bottlenecks such as because of inference You might also want to really consider that robustness of your architecture As well as maybe some difficulties and considerations given towards your maintenance And so now that I've kind of talked about smart city use cases. I'll pass it off to me through for project objectives Thanks, Sam So before we move more into detail about the architecture of the solution, I'll go over the project objectives So Intel is not into the business of selling software and making money Instead we build software to enable our ecosystem enable our developers to build solutions Which are more optimized on the Intel hardware? Specifically our team is involved in building these reference implementations using open-source software all these reference implementations are Distributed through this Intel edge software hub the link is right here It's a one-stop resource for all edge computing software So the software developers can actually customize validate and deploy the use case specific solutions Faster and with greater confidence. So it provides a ready to use use case specific reference implementations which the developers can then take as a reference design and then build their custom solutions on top of it So our goal here was to develop a computer vision-based AI ML solution For smart city and it provides a framework and a processing pipeline for deploying the AI assisted Multi-camera solution for vehicular and walk away traffic So this reference implementation enables the installation of an AI assisted application Which can be used as a reference design for achieving situational awareness Property security and management our solution is completely a microservices based and it was written in Golang It is a container containerized solution We use docker for that and we use the Intel Open-source toolkit called as open Vino for inferencing at the edge So how did the solution came into existence and what's the background so we were working with couple of our Partners or solution integrators. They had these components which were proprietary and custom made Our goal was to pretty much rip off those proprietary components and build them using open source tool So that we can know distribute this entire reference implementation To the open source community So the goal was basically to provide a very easy way to analyze the video coming from different sources like a security camera Capture the inference data results by using AI deep learning models Allow for a very web based user interface to view these video streams Filter and then display these inference data results Configure and manage this different video sources and then Provide a map like a world map to locate all these different video sources So we were able to achieve all these goals through just open source tools So Sam will now cover the architecture in detail Thanks, Neethu So for our architecture, we really wanted to focus on a loosely coupled design Leveraging that microservice based approach that Neethu mentioned You can see here. We do have a lot of open source tools, which is super awesome So on these subsequent slides, I will have the corresponding tool that we're talking about highlighted and yellow I also will have a hyperlink for the appropriate tool or repo that we used so that y'all can go back and check it out if you're interested The first thing that you need when it comes to any computer vision application But also smart city is you need some sort of a video source Some of the developers on our team did not have a camera to start out with and so that's why we leveraged an RTSP simple server RTSP stands for real-time streaming protocol. It's a transport You can think of it much like you have HTTP and TCP as common transports for the web So for our solution, we leveraged a go based ready to use RTSP RTMP an LL HLS server and proxy such that you could read publish or proxy audio and media video streams This enabled us to look into the scalability of our solution because we could set up however many RTSP simple servers that we wanted as well as enable those of us who didn't have a camera and To test that end-to-end functionality through our integration tests So this was us simulating that RTSP server to get that video data and We one last thing we did expect The RTSP server to provide that h.264 encoded video data We chose this video codec just because it is one of the most efficient as well as high definition Now that we have some data, how do we work with it? That brings us to G streamer G streamer is a pipeline-based Multimedia framework such that you can combine multiple components to encode or decode your media stream It's a way that you can create streaming applications For the purposes of our smart city solution. We actually used an abstraction layer to G streamer Called DL streamer So DL streamer is that abstraction layer that we used to more easily work with G streamer as well as integrate with the open Veno inference engine So it's that G streamer plug-in again called DL streamer So to quick touch on the open Veno inference engine. This is a part of the open Veno toolkit the open Veno toolkit is this big open source ecosystem full of tools associated with machine learning and artificial intelligence from all Walks of life in that respect you can work on data annotations with the CVAT tool You can work on evaluating your models accuracy and you can also optimize it for hardware So for the open Veno inference engine, it's optimized naturally for Intel hardware You can see there's quite a bit going on in our yellow box here, and so I'll separate it out There's the top flow and there's the bottom flow So the top flow is that inference pipeline and the bottom flow is our fragmentation pipeline To start with the inference pipeline This is where you have your decode pre-process branch and this is what sending that raw data into DL streamer DL streamer applies our various inference models that we do have pre-configured in our DL streamer pipeline DL streamers what is attaching those regions of interests to your video frames? Using the output of the inference models that are executed by the open Veno inference engine Our DL streamer pipeline enabled you to add different configurations such as additional pre or post Processing steps in case you did want to adjust your models in case you wanted things like input normalization or color space conversions DL streamer is what was telling our open Veno inference engine to load pre-trained weights and model definition From external files that were formatted into the open Veno intermediate representation or the IR format You can take other Machine learning framework models and convert them into this format using the open Veno toolkit For the purposes of our smart city solution. We used a few different models These models come from the open Veno model sue and they're all public The models that we did use include a person vehicle and bicycle detection model You could also get the make-and-model of the car We also had a facial detection model and you could get information such as age and gender Onto the fragmentation pipeline so that bottom flow This is where the pipeline splits the data off Transmuxes it and fragments your input video into short segments that are able to be played back via HTTP live streaming or HLS for short The video fragments can be synced up into a playlist file such that you can view the video live and Lastly the last step here of the yellow box is step four. This is very important So step four is where the pipeline synchronizes those video fragments with your inference results And so this is important such that you can go back and look at the corresponding inference at the time that it happened Really important for a smart city solution And so now that we have those inference results you can send them off elsewhere and that brings us to additional listeners For the purposes of our project because it is in the space of IOT. We wanted to bring in edgex foundry Edgex foundry is hosted by the Linux Foundation. It is that framework for industrial IOT edge compute What this means is that you can interact with edge devices such as cameras you can send them data receive the messages they might be giving off and Create different things like device services or application services as Well as leverage some of the niceties that come within the edgex ecosystem And some of these include things like notification services Security features right out of the gate leveraging vault as Well as different advanced topics and features such as service metrics So there's a lot going on with edgex And so again, that's why we wanted to enable that adaptability and flexibility since this is an IOT solution Bringing it back to our smart city solution. You could send your inference results off via MQTT MQTT is that message protocol for IOT It is a message queuing transport such that you can decouple your producers from your consumers And so you could send our inference results off via MQTT to the edgex foundry MQTT client directly to ingest by the message bus of edgex While it's great to send those results off elsewhere, you probably want to store them somewhere That brings us to Postgres Postgres is that big open source object relational database focusing on SQL compliance and extensibility For our solution we wanted to store our video data as well as the related metadata in our Postgres instance This introduces that concept of binary data storage within a database and Depending on which database you choose this means different implications in terms of storage Retrieval and access And so I'll go over the three main types and ways of storing your binary data in a database and map those back to Postgres One you have sim link metadata So this approach is where you can store your binary data in regular files and Then store the file path in your database This is great for limited scope single one-off use cases or maybe a single user instance However, there is the potential of duplication of your metadata as well as if you move your files and you don't update the database Y'all know that can cause issues Your second approach is blobs or binary large objects Postgres doesn't implement this exactly to a tee, but they do have their large object data type So with this approach This is where your data gets stored within a special heap and then you have special commands to access your data through the OID or the object ID While this does help with some of the memory requirements There is a notoriously difficult API that you have to interact with to access your data And you also are limited to four billion large objects per database. I Know four billion sounds like a lot, but when you're working with that ultimate thing and you're constantly streaming data Four billion can come and go rather quickly depending on how you structure your database Lastly the option that we chose is the binary columns approach Implemented through Postgres by tee data This is where your data is stored in variable length table columns while still supporting your typical SQL syntax and security features This can oftentimes use up quite a bit of memory And so you do need to be mindful of those restrictions in terms of column and table size However, thankfully for us developers, we didn't have to worry about that Postgres has a toasted mechanism when I say toasted. I don't mean bread that you butter toast and cinnamon and sugar. No Not that tasty. I mean the Deckler or sorry The mechanism by which you keep your physical row size below your page size, which is typically around eight kilobytes So this does apply to those variable length values and can be handled by the Postgres database server transparently and automatically Individually toasted values have to be below one gigabyte in size and you still have that four billion toasted value limitation Hopefully that sounds familiar to When I mentioned option two Right because option two Has that same restriction What this means is that Whenever we're implementing option two versus option three so that blobs approach versus your by tee toasted approach They're identical in terms of storage and efficiency access but that option three approach so the Postgres by tee toasted data is Better than option one because you remove the potential for duplication of your data So that's why we chose option three and a toasted mechanism Second Postgres also has a nice city in terms of declarative partitioning So this is where we treat our video data table as if it is one table when in fact It's multiple virtual tables partitioned out by camera ID and by time This created some performance benefits for us and Also simplified some of the data warehousing tasks if you wanted to archive or delete some of your old video data We also allowed for the partitioning of The camera partitions to be sub partition To optimize our database for that in use data because we found that most Times you wanted the more recent data for a smart city solution And so there were some performance benefits there as well as this declarative partitioning allowed for us to write our queries against our video data table directly and then Postgres would handle the Routing of that request to the appropriate partition pruning off the ones that it didn't need to access another performance game and So lastly on Postgres We had a database initialization script with certain functions and triggers Defined such that when you added cameras the appropriate camera ID partition was created along with the sub partitions and correspondingly when you removed cameras and So this was done with minimal locking and overhead. Thanks to the declarative partitioning approach And so if you wanted to expand our solution into a proper deployment scenario You would definitely want to look at automating those data warehousing tasks on a more regular cadence Through PG part man and PG cron which are functions that can do so Now that we've stored our data we can work with it through some back-end APIs which we implemented through go microservices Our go microservices were consumed primarily by our web UI However, you'll see that section 8 is highlighted to include other clients We wrote our services such that they could be consumed by additional clients such as a common streaming application by the name of VLC So that was a nicety with some of the approaches that we took for our microservices And to get into them we had three We had three main microservices and so the first one is the least complex It's your basic crud application to create read update and delete cameras You could also get a list of the associated pipelines running for it as well as its URI Second is the inference service. This is where you could get a list of Models layers and labels and you could also find the sessions assigned to a particular label by an inference model There was some niceties here that we found out about the Postgres time API So whenever you think about your inference results It would be helpful to group them by time and so if you wanted inference results for now or yesterday Then you could do so through the Postgres time API which we did leverage in our inference service Lastly we had our video service which does provide endpoints for our playlists as well as video segment data This supported HTTP live streaming as well as video on demand This did assume that your recorded data consisted of H.264 encoded video Muxed in mpeg to transport streams of consistently timed video segments and For the visualizations piece this brings us to our angular UI framework We chose this as well as most of the other tools because they're open source and kind of the right tool for the right job We also had some boilerplate code to work with from a past project That's always nice So for our angular UI we did want to display the live data as well as past recorded data Which brought us to a bit of a conundrum? We looked into what were the standard protocols and practices for Showing video in a browser served by your typical HTTP server and did not find an explicit answer There were a lot of options and a lot of options sponsored to kind of buy some big-name companies You have HTTP live streaming or HLS Supported by Apple you have mpeg-supported by Google and Microsoft webRTC which Can get a little hairy depending on how you implement it and then you have potential for security concerns And then you have your typical web socket approach So not a clear path forward Until we found out about the HTML5 video tag Through video JS. So video JS is that HTML5 media player framework that we use to display our video data in our angular UI Our UI also featured a few different configurable dials and knobs To customize your inference results because that's the key here for a smart city solution the inference results and Lastly our angular UI had a tab for Grafana Grafana is that common data visualization tool out there and For the purposes of our project we enabled you to see the edge device locations or your cameras on a world map and We had these pre-configured dashboards for this as well as for your inference results And we also leveraged read-only database credentials to populate our data source configuration files That's a lot on the architecture And here's me through on the UI Thanks Sam So I Will go over the entire flow of the solution through the UI story here So this is our landing page and we have four features here first is to live stream the entire all the cameras that you have Configured second is to see the recordings of those which are doing the inferencing The third one is the camera configuration and lastly we have the Grafana, which is the dashboard to view all the camera locations So the solution starts here. Basically, you are configuring the camera or your video source So we have a form here to add the camera configurations and metadata like the locations latitude longitude the RTSP URI for that and we also have an option there to select the inference pipeline the particular Pipeline where the model leads to run. So like Sam mentioned, we had face detection vehicle and and Vehicle and license plate detection So the user can select which pipeline and multiple pipelines can be actually selected here So once it's configured, this is the page which pretty much shows all the cameras that you have configured It also provides options to edit the these details or delete or no add more cameras if you want and This view is pretty much displaying all the live streaming of the data coming on coming in from all the configured cameras We have the recordings here and if we go some more in detail This will actually show you the exact clipping where a person is detected or where the inference data has been detected There is an option to modify the thresholds or the confidence level of the models and view how the model is going to perform here And we have all the inference data Depicted here and the last one here is the Grafana dashboard So we use this world map plugin to display all the location where the cameras are installed If we hover over each of them it will show you the metadata and if you click on it it goes to the actual recording page where It's it's storing all these inference data and this dashboard actually shows you the analytics This is just an example of how it can be used. So here we are detecting the number of males and females This is for one particular camera If we have another dashboard, which is pretty much showcasing all the cameras that we have configured the inference data for all of them So that ends the entire architecture in detail Some of the channels and learning Sam has already covered So I'll cover a little bit more of what we went through while implementing this solution So any deployment at the edge Has couple of challenges. The first one obviously is the resource constraint Two of the major things here is the storage and compute storage specifically here because we are dealing with Livestreaming of data and then whatever inference video you're getting us. We are actually storing it in a database So there is a very high chance that no edge device is gonna run out of space So there needs to be some kind of a frequent, you know backup of your data from the edge Either onto a cloud or to an external storage Device and so the other thing here is compute, which is the hardware So before we actually go in and deploy the application We have to make sure that the hardware can support it So we have to do some kind of a benchmarking to ensure we don't have any kind of performance issues there The second important challenge with respect to this use case here is the data management So these were the four main goals we had with respect to data management We should be able to reliably and efficiently record the incoming data streams Process our video frames for inferencing and store these results. There should be a way to view all these data that is coming in and also the data Analytics part of it and we should be able to support the maintenance task So at Sam mentioned earlier We had two options either to use the Postgres database or you can just store all the data on the file system But we went with the Postgres Approach mainly because it simplifies the whole data abstraction layer and it supports a very unified security and privilege management It also provides several admin functions, which otherwise we would have to actually code Depending on what the file system is underneath Postgres also supports the declarative partitioning which treats this entire video data as a one large table When in fact it is virtual table, which is partitioned by camera ID and the time So it provides better performance and also simplify some of these data warehousing tasks such as no taking back Backups or deleting the recording sensor. This approach is also agnostic to the location of the database server So server can run right next to the video processing Software or it can be anywhere else on the network even on the cloud So although this implementation expects a reliable database connection We can modify the code in such a way that we store these video fragments and the metadata actually on the file system And then we upload it to the database only based on certain conditions But when we do this we have to take care of the security as well as the data storage on that edge device and Then most importantly, they are time stamping because if time stamping Gets messed up then the data retrieval is going to be wrong and the last very important thing is security This is a open-source project. So I Wouldn't say that this is the most secure solution But we made sure to know have the basic things in in the solution there We ensured that no certain files are inaccessible to unauthorized users We did provide service authentication for our all our Golang application services Which is by using the authorization Policies and tokens we did use TLS encryption for the communication happening between The HTTP APIs and the web UI. We encrypted our RTSP URI which can no store those sensitive data of passwords and passwords and user names We used vault for storing all our sensitive data Ejects, which was mentioned earlier comes with this vault functionality and we made use of that And we also ensured that all our sensitive information is not seen by default on the UI Next is the ethical consideration and Sam will end with that Thanks, Neethu So whenever you're developing any software, especially with respect to Machine learning and artificial intelligence. You definitely need to have a strong moral compass and to have some principles guiding that It's important to note that your software can be used for good Or for not so good. And so how can you safeguard to ensure that it would be used for good? Here at Intel we abide by these six ethics principles to start out with you should always respect human rights This is something to be done on a daily basis, but also something to Keep in mind when implementing and developing your solution This is something developers should follow but also any member of the scrum team Second is enable a human oversight For this at Intel we have the AI ethics committee that reviews all project requirements as they're being built out as Well as checks off a project before it gets released to ensure that we're abiding by agreements and getting proper consent And so forth related to our project Third is an explainable use of AI AI software can be impressed increasingly opaque and complex and so you need to make sure that you can explain what you're doing and why you're doing it Fourth is security safety and reliability You should limit the scope of your solution to make sure that what you're building is what you intended to build and it's not going beyond It's intended use Fifth is personal privacy There are privacy by design principles that you should use when developing a solution and we also have a privacy impact assessment Or PIA that we use here at Intel and get checked off before we can release Lastly is equity and inclusion This is where you recognize that everyone comes from different flavors of backgrounds and experiences And you should be mindful of your who your AI software can Directly impact as well as those that it indirectly impacts and so with these principles We have a strong moral compass to ensure that our security as a service solution gets used for good We want to thank everyone for being here today I'm listening to Neethu and I as well as the open source summit for allowing us to be here in front of all of you Lovely people enjoy the rest of your conference and thank you so much. If you have any questions We're all ears So it's released internally and we're just waiting for the legal approval to release it through that edge Yeah hardware did you end up using for the experiment? So our goal was not the benchmarking piece of it We were to know develop the software, but I would say that at least a core minimum would be required Considering all the open-source software that we are using and the additional complexity here is if we add More cameras to it. We're gonna G streamer pipelines are gonna get bigger and we might need more compute we Uh-huh. We used i-fives for some of our development and it was slow at times So yeah, definitely something to be mindful of There's someone in the back At the beginning you had the Intel Openness or the the the framework of tools that you have to apply to the edge But then during the presentation you didn't talk about a tool work were a lot of those tools inside that framework or oh The Intel open Veno not open Veno. There was the the other one around No, not a checks it was there was I think another thing that you were maybe I think I missed the Question beyond which tool Believe at the start there was a Toolset that you're talking about that was developed inside Intel that brought together edge services DL streamer DL streamer No G streamer DL streamer Open Veno, I'm gonna go back you can check this like sorry Let's see Right near the beginning. I'll just that one's the first one then it's earlier than that I don't know which one because that's the start but that was your no That was your first slide. I don't think it was for the architecture. Sorry. It was before the architecture.  Oh, there we go the Intel edge Wow Okay, so this is the place where we distribute our reference implementations So any developer can go there and just download the tool play with it and you can customize it for your specific use case Right. So when when your project is approved it shows up. Yeah, it shows up there. Sorry That took a while, but yeah Yeah, the questions What trade-offs were considered when you wanted to do inference over the edge versus over the web How did you go about benchmarking and making that judgment call? So for us our team works at the edge and the open Veno toolkit here is our inferencing at the edge That's what no our team is promoting so And even the cameras right think about cameras as your things So it the inferencing needs to happen at the edge You cannot be like sending the whole data to the cloud and then it's doing all the inferencing there and then sending it back to your System that's that's not gonna work right even the autonomous car right if you if you think about the autonomous car Where should the inference happen? It should happen on the car Shouldn't be the data shouldn't be going to the cloud and then it comes back to the thing Yeah, yeah, we were not our goals here We're not to benchmark our solution or find out what necessarily is the peak performance for any part of our project We just worked on the development of putting all these yeah all the software together So was this container like how did you handle deployment to different hardware? Or what was it deployed to or did you consider like our hardware is inter? Okay, so like Desktop CPU or does Intel have a so when when you release on ESH there is a part of ESH The ESD Q which I it's device qualifications And that's what will deploy our solution to different types of hardware to test out Different things and get some of those benchmarking metrics again. We're going through some of the Compliance and whatnot for the final release So the type of device what you asked like core is your laptops, right? But when you go to data center side, it's Xeon, but do we need that much of compute at the edge? Probably not right. Maybe we can just use our normal nooks and laptops with a Better core machine, right? It might just perform and it's also important To think about like most of the people who are in retail or working on smart city solutions often times have Already pre-configured hardware And so that's also something to keep in mind that it's not going to be the best of the best most of the time Thanks Good question. Thank you We're only sending up video clips that had a had a hit on it To the database only the ones where the inference was detected is being actually stored No No, no accident Because DL streamer already comes with couple of those post processing and pre-processing plugins and things like that Which we just included in our pipeline. Yeah, so DL streamer is that data abstraction Okay, thank you. Thank you all


It's time now for Mountain Music, brought to you by McGuire's Brick House in Preston's Bird. There's this big, open, reverby sound that was just in my head, and she was rapping these sad songs, and we had quit playing because she was mean or something, no, I'm kidding, I'm kidding, but we had quit playing for whatever reason, and she called me up and said, I got some songs, and I said, well, I'm just playing these weird, sad, guitar things, so. It was funny because I had all these words, and I didn't really have, I had like two sets of chords to match, like, 15 songs, and like, the first, literally, like, the first day that we got back together and started playing music, we had like, five songs done because he had all the perfect music for the words, and it just worked out awesome. It's called Wasteland, we wrote it together, it's just a song about the change in our community with the downturn in coal and just watching people move away and try to find jobs, people that move away that don't want to move away, that love, you know, our town, and her husband is one of those folks, so, all that adds up, and it makes a sad, rainy song. But we got a good thing going, you know, we got, I always say, I don't know why they play with me, because they are the best musicians, I mean, Kevin is just a phenomenal guitar player, and then, you know, my husband Tim plays bass, and of course, I think he's awesome, and then, you know, we've had a couple of drummers that come in and out, and it's the best, you know, you get nice for a better set of drummers that we got. Can we do that again, because the blinding might be scared.