Namaste. In last two sessions, we have been discussing about analysis and interpretation of financial statements. We have already discussed that raw data in itself is not much useful, it needs to be analyzed from the viewpoint of a particular stakeholder, then it becomes far more useful, it becomes comparable and it can be also used for projections. We have also discussed that we can do horizontal as well as vertical analysis, but the most important type of analysis is ratio analysis and large number of ratios can be calculated serving variety of purposes. In our earlier sessions, we had started the discussion on liquidity ratios, then capital structure as well as we have also discussed the activity ratios. Do you remember what is liquidity ratio stand for? These are also known as working capital ratios because they tell you about availability of funds for day to day management of the business. So which are the important ratios in the category? The first one is current ratio, perhaps the most important ratio and very often used by variety of users where we compare the relationship of current assets to current liabilities. So for day to day transactions, this is very important. So for taking a decision of giving credit, often suppliers will look at the current ratio of the customer to see whether customer will be able to repay that particular debt in time. It is also seen by bankers, it is also useful for internal management to see how is the working capital management of the company. The other liquidity ratio was quick ratio, which is more conservative way of calculating current ratio. Then going to capital structure or leverage ratios, we had seen that long term funds can be obtained from two ways, one is equity that is owner's fund, the other is debt. Now capital structure is a mixture of in what percentage you debt, equity versus what percentage you can debt, you have you can raise the debt. It can be 100 versus 0 that will be called as no debt or all equity company. In such a scenario, the risk is less, the stability of the company is more because debt leads to possibility of liquidation because firm has to pay interest and installment on certain due debt. But having less debt affects our returns or profitability to some extent, that is why a good mix is required between debt and equity. One of the most important ratios in this segment is debt equity ratio, which is extensively used by lenders or bankers, they decide as to what debt equity ratio is acceptable. It is also useful and is used by long term investors. In case of M&A or such deals also this ratio plays an important role. The next type of ratios are known as activity ratios, they are also known as turnover or efficiency ratios. So here we see how efficiently an asset being used. For example, if we have fixed assets of let us say 1 crore, how much revenue we are able to generate from them? Suppose we can generate a revenue of 4 crore, it will mean turnover of 4 crore divided by fixed assets of 1 crore giving a ratio of 4, 4 is to 1 that is known as fixed asset turnover ratio, very important ratio to know the utilization of fixed asset. This ratio is also useful, similar ratio is also calculated for working capital turnover. Now within working capital, you can know the efficiency in management of each of the current assets. So what ratio do you calculate for it? Do you remember? We calculate debtors turnover ratio which is sales upon debtors. But we need to refine it a bit because debtors or receivables are mainly from credit sales. So we can refine it a bit and say it call it as credit sales upon average debtors. Same way it can be cost of sales upon average stock or average inventory for inventory turnover ratio. Now both these ratios, I will just show you the ratios for more clarity. So we were here working capital turnover ratio which is sales upon working capital. For inventory turnover, we take cost of sales because the inventory is at cost instead of sales generally, better ratio would be cost of sales divided by average inventory. Now this ratio can also be represented in terms of number of days. Then it is called as a stock holding period. So we take average inventory divided by cost of sales and multiplied by 365 or multiplied by 12 if you want to know it in terms of months. So this is the stock holding period. Same way for debtors, we can calculate debtors turnover ratio. We can also calculate debtors velocity that is number of days of debtors. Now this is useful for knowing how well the company is managing inventory or debtors. We can compare it with their standard credit policy that for how many days they are giving credit. Say as per policy they give credit for 30 days, but the ratio is 33. It will mean that they are slightly slow in collection. If the ratio is much more, let us say ratio is 50 versus standard of 30, it will mean that they are very slow in collection. It can also mean from audit angle or from investigation angle that there is a possibility of some overstatement of debtors. Then we will go for edging schedule or some more techniques to know the components in the debtors or how long those receivables are pending to be collected. Like that these ratios are of more use for the management of the company. We also have creditors turnover ratio that is credit purchase upon average accounts payable. We can also calculate creditors velocity that is company takes how many days to make the payment. We also know that how many days the company is getting credit. So in a way we know what is a reputation of the company in the market, are they getting any credit. So that if we want to take a credit decision, we can know the credit period for the customer which other people are giving that particular party. Now let us go with this I think turnover ratios is clear to you. Now we will go to the next type of ratios, they are known as profitability ratios. In fact our discussion on the ratio itself we had started with this ratio that is known as net profit ratio. These ratios are also known as P&L ratios because both numerator and denominator we are getting from P&L and as the name suggests we know about the profitability of the business in relation to the turnover generated or in relation to sales ok. So one of the important ratios is net profit ratio, net profit upon sales. You can also take net profit before tax but more common is the final profit that is net profit after tax divided by sales. If you want to know the gross ratio then we go for gross profit ratio which is gross profit upon sales this is also known as gross margin. Now this particular ratio instead of finding for the whole company it can be calculated for a particular division or particular range of products or sometimes on a single product so that we know that from that product how much is the gross profit generated. See gross profit is more linked to sales because for calculating net profit we charge various other things which could be fixed charges but gross profit is mainly related to sales that is why gross margin or GP ratio is very much useful to know the profitability of a particular segment. We can compare this ratio with other players in the market so that we know are our prices being fixed up properly, do we have enough profitability, do we have more profitability are we overcharging, is there a scope for reducing the price to increase the sales or are we undercharging that is our margins are too thin as like that various calculations can be done using gross profit margin or gross profit ratio. It can also be calculated at a operating profit level wherein it is operating profit upon sales so we will know the profitability of our operations from the same. Now within profitability ratios there are other ratios which are known as return ratios. This is profitability in the context of capital employed or resources used by the undertaking the earlier profitability ratios they were profitability in relation to sales but for the investor what is more important will be the money put by him or her and what return the company is able to generate those ratios are profitability. So one of the important ratios is return on equity. As the name suggests this is the most important ratio from the owners viewpoint because owners want to know how much money they have put and what return they are able to get from the company. For that profit after tax upon net worth is a usual formula net worth you know is also known as equity. So we can also say profit after tax upon equity or we can say profit after tax upon owners fund. Now this ratio is very important because owners will know the return from a particular company. They can compare this ROE across different companies or for the whole market so as to choose which company they can invest in. Now the other important ratio even more important I would say is known as ROI return on investment it can also be called as return on capital employed. Now in the numerator we write return and in the denominator we write capital employed that means capital which is invested sometimes it is also known as return on invested capital. Now what is a return here return refers to profit but it may not be profit after tax we may often take profit before tax and add back interest because remember in the denominator we are writing total capital employed. In the first ratio that is ratio A we had taken only owners fund in the denominator but in ratio B the denominator capital employed includes equity plus debt that is all funds used since the denominator has debt numerator also we need to add interest. So we take profit after tax, add back tax, add interest many times we make adjustment for non-trading or non-operating income because we are using this ratio to know the returns from that particular business activity or that particular company. So if there are any non-operating items they can be removed and we will calculate the return related to that particular business. Now this ratio can be calculated for the whole company but it can also be calculated for a particular segment of business like for example one factory or one plant it can be calculated for one project. Now this is used by investors to know the return it is also very much used in project management. In fact most of the project decisions are driven by ROI before deciding any project you have to make projection and find out how much is a return expected from that project. So if company wants to invest 50 crore in some project it must know how much return it is likely to get suppose that return let us say is 10 percent. So we will invest 50 crore and we are likely to get 50 lakhs it is 50 lakhs by 50 crore which is just 1 percent then definitely we will not be interested. If we are getting 5 crore on a return on a investment of 50 crore it becomes a return of 10 percent. Perhaps still company may not be interested if their cost of funds is say 12 percent and the project is giving only 10 percent then it is not worth to enter that particular business. So viability of a project very much depends on ROI generated by the project. Now this ratio not only for the company even in the individual life it is useful. Suppose you are taking a decision to purchase some asset or if you are taking a decision to go for higher education it will be good for you to know the ROI on your investment because you are investing money you are investing your time. So how much return it is likely to generate becomes useful. So this ratio is extensively used in different types by different types of users from the investors to the company as they themselves want to start a new project. Now the next one here the definition of capital employed also you see. Now this is a broad base all the money used. So we are adding equity that is owner's fund plus preference capital plus reserves and surplus plus debentures or any long term debts if there are any miscellaneous expenses or non-trade investments they are usually removed. Because if you are putting some money outside business return on that investment can be separately calculated. Here it is good to remove it from the denominator and in the numerator also you can see that is why we have reduced non-trade adjustment are you getting. Now let us go to the another formula of calculating ROI we have already seen turnover ratios we have already seen profitability ratios. Now one way of calculating ROI is by multiplying the profitability into capital turnover. If you remember capital turnover had sales in the numerator divided by capital employed and profitability had PAT upon sales. So if you multiply both you will get profit upon capital employed which is precisely what is ROI are you getting. Now there can be some variations like one can take operating profit ratio or one can take net profit before tax ratio and so on. Now the next ratio in the return ratios is return on assets. Now we are using fixed assets or some any asset so we can take that particular asset in the denominator and find out the profit generated by that asset. So net profit after tax here it need not be the net profit of the whole company it can be the profit from that particular plant or that particular activity divided by average fixed assets. This is bit of improved one because instead of taking year end figures we have taken average figures. See in the numerator the profit is calculated for the whole year so it makes sense to instead of taking the closing take the average fixed assets. Now this can be calculated for different assets you can instead of fixed assets you can also take average total assets if you want to know the return on total assets. So now from return ratios we will go to next ratio which is in a way a return ratio but this is extremely important from stock market angle known as earning poor share. We can calculate the net profit from net profit if there are any payments to be made to preference shareholders etc they are removed so that we know the profit available for the equity owners and we will divide it by number of shares. Now this is very important because if you tell somebody that total net profit of our company is let us say 1,300 crores. Now shareholder does not know what exactly he or she gets on his or her own shares. So instead of telling 1,300 crores if you divide it by number of shares you will get a more understandable figure let us say it comes to 150 rupees per share then it becomes very simple to understand that is why in stock market parlance EPS plays a very important role whenever any data is reported about the share like market price it is immediately compared with earning per share as to what that share is able to earn for the shareholders or for the owners. Now from this EPS some market related ratios like PE ratio are calculated where we compare the market price with earning per share are you getting? So this is very important ratio in the stock market from the investors angle especially from small investors angle. Now from EPS as I told you we are able to calculate PE ratio price earning ratio now in the numerator we have taken market price per share and divided it by earning per share. Now what will this ratio tell you? Suppose earning per share of a particular company is 10 rupees and it has a market price of 150 rupees. So 150 upon 10 it means 15 times its earning is the market price. Now what does it tell you? Is it good to have high or PE ratio or low PE ratio? As of now PE ratio of Indian market now instead of taking one company average PE is calculated for the whole capital market currently capital market has a average PE of around 25. Now suppose company A has a PE ratio of 15 is it a good or bad sign perhaps for a new investor it is a good sign because while other shares are quoting at 25 PE we are getting this particular share at a 15 PE that means it is comparatively available at a lesser price it could be a good buy. Of course such decision should not be taken only by PE I am just giving an example because we will have to study other aspects but as far as the PE is concerned for a fresh investors it shows that the price of the share is relatively low which is a good sign from a buying angle. But from the company's angle it reflects upon the goodwill of the company when other companies in the market are able to command a PE of 25 if our company has a PE of only 15 that means this company is not much respected by the market either its earnings are not considered very reliable or market feel that the future is not very good that is why PE ratio could be low whereas for some company if PE ratio is high let us say company B has a PE ratio of 50 while the market PE is 25 that means this company has a higher recognition in the market. So in stock market parlance PE ratio is very important whenever a price is quoted normally PE is also quoted for that share. Now will this ratio change every year or will it change every day now this is one ratio which will change every day not only every day it will change every minute because numerator that is market price changes every minute denominator may change only on yearly basis. Suppose the results are balance sheet, P and L etc prepared at the end of the year you will get EPS only at the end of the year or all earlier ratios which we calculated they would be yearly most of the companies declare their results quarterly. So you will be able to calculate the ratios for each quarter but as far as PE is concerned you can calculate this ratio every minute as the market is moving the PE ratio will also keep improving itself. These two ratios are very important so we devoted little more time I will request you you have already have a company and if you have seen the annual report go to some stock market website look at the market price of the share and calculate the PE ratio mostly in the side PE ratio will also be given that will give you a market flavor all earlier ratios where only financial statement ratios this is related to what is happening in the market. There are one or two more ratios which are useful for stock market or for investors that is known as dividend per share. Now in the numerator we take dividend so that we know how much is a dividend paid by the company on per share basis so dividend distributed upon number of shares. Now we have seen variety of ratios either for liquidity or for profitability or for return then from stock market angle now many of these ratios can be used in combination and that will give you good insight about the performance or stability of the company. It can also be used for other purposes by various stakeholders in the next session we will be calculating the ratios and try to interpret them taking real data from the actual company. So, I will request you to revise whatever ratios we have done right now let us stop now. Namaste. Thank you.


Welcome to this presentation about the cryptanalysis of the Legendre PRF and some of its generalizations. The Legendre PRF is a pseudo-random function based on the Legendre symbol, which is a common function in number theory. The Legendre symbol of an element of a finite field is 0 if the element is 0, 1 if the element is a non-zero square, and minus 1 otherwise. In the early 1900s, a number of so-called echidistribution results about Legendre symbols were shown. In particular, you can show that if you take the string of Legendre symbols of the integers 1, 2 up to p minus 1, then the number of occurrences of any fixed pattern of 1 or minus 1 is roughly the same. At Krypton 1990, Darmgat proposed to use the sequence of Legendre symbols of a key k, k plus 1 and so on as a pseudo-random generator. More recently, at CCS 2016, Grassi et al. extended this to a pseudo-random function by defining this function as the Legendre symbol of the input plus a key k with respect to a fixed prime p. This is a very NPC-friendly function because of the multiplicativity property of the Legendre symbol, which allows for easy masking. Because of this, the Legendre PRF might be interesting for a number of applications. For example, it's possible to build picnic-type signature schemes from this PRF, as in the Lagrange signature scheme. Also, Ethereum 2.0 wanted to use this PRF in a proof-of-custody mechanism, and this actually provides the indirect motivation for our war. Because of its potential use case in this proof-of-custody mechanism, the Ethereum Foundation decided to start a number of challenges related to the cryptanalysis of the Legendre PRF. But before the start of this challenge, Kovratowicz gave a first birthday-bound attack on the Legendre PRF, which runs in time p over m when you're given m queries. In the challenges, 2 to the 20 consecutive inputs are given, and the prime sizes reach from 64 bits to 148 bits. The security level that's shown here on the slide is already modified for the attacks that we give. In particular, we give a p over m squared attack, when m is not too large, and this allowed us to solve the 64 and 74-bit challenges. In fact, shortly after our results appeared on ePrint, the 84-bit challenge was also solved thanks to a log p improvement made by Kovratowicz. So I'll start by explaining this basic attack, which runs in the birthday-bound of Kovratowicz. So for this, I'll introduce some notation, so let's denote by square brackets of m a sequence of integers, from 0 up to m minus 1. Then by some abuse of notation, the Legendre PRF of a sequence x, x plus 1 up to x plus m minus 1 gives a sequence of Legendre PRF outputs. The basic observation that's used in this birthday-bound attack is the fact that the Legendre PRF of an input x is the same as the Legendre PRF of k plus x, where the key is 0. So the attack proceeds as follows. We make m queries to the Legendre PRF, and then extract from this roughly m sequences of Legendre symbols. We store those sequences in a table indexed by the offset a, and then in the second step, we sample the Legendre sequences with offset c randomly, until we find a collision with something in the table. Now if our sequences are long enough, then probably the arguments to the Legendre symbols must be the same, which means that the offset c must be equal to k plus a. This attack has a cost of m plus p over m operations, and it uses about m memory, but it's also possible to make this into a memoryless attack by using memory escalation search techniques. Our improvement over this attack is based on the multiplicativity of the Legendre symbol. By this I mean that the Legendre symbol of a times b is equal to the Legendre symbol of a times the Legendre symbol of b. And this allows us to rewrite the Legendre symbol of a sequence with offset a and the step size of b in terms of a sequence of Legendre symbols with a step size equal to 1. The attack proceeds in essentially the same way as before. We query m values of the Legendre PRF, and then because we now have parameters a and b, we can extract nearly m squared sequences from this. And then in the second step of the attack, we sample random sequences until we find a collision with one of the sequences stored in the table. If the sequences are long enough, then any such collision with high probability gives us an equality of the arguments. So this means that then c must be equal to k plus a over b, and this allows us to recover the k. The cost of this approach is m squared memory, so slightly more as before, but the time complexity goes down to m squared plus p over m squared, which is indeed lower, especially when the amount of data that's available is not very high, which is a realistic scenario. A number of optimizations to this attack can be made. One is that we can use consecutive samples in the offline phase. This means that we first compute a sequence of Legendre symbols of length w and then extract nearly w squared sequences from it. This would work very well, but there is one issue with this, which is that the sequences in the table are also extracted in a similar way, so they're not random. And because of this, we'll actually need slightly more queries in the second phase before we find the correct key. However, we still have a number of advantages. We can amortize away the cost of computing the Legendre symbol so that the cost is dominated by the sequence extraction and table lookups. In addition, we can only store sequences where a is less than b, leading to reduced memory requirements. So in the end, we get a cost which no longer depends on the cost of evaluating the Legendre symbols and uses slightly less memory than the attack I presented on the previous slide. Of course, we also implemented this attack since we wanted to solve those two challenges. So here we are given 2 to the 20 consecutive PRF outputs, and using this attack we broke the 64 and 74 bit challenges. The first draw of this table is not that interesting, because it doesn't correspond to an actual challenge, just a test case. The full implementation can be found at the URL shown at the bottom of this slide. In the remainder of this presentation, I want to discuss 3 generalizations of the Legendre PRF, which were previously proposed, but did not receive a lot of cryptanalysis yet. The first of these is the higher degree Legendre PRF, which was first analyzed by Kovratowicz. I also want to discuss the Akobi and Power Residue symbol PRFs, which are PRF versions of the pseudo-random generators proposed by Damgaert at Crypto 1990. The ordinary Legendre PRF can be thought of as a degree 1 Legendre PRF. This is because we are taking the Legendre symbol of a polynomial of degree 1 in the input. One possible generalization is to replace this by taking the Legendre symbol of a polynomial of degree d in the input. The coefficients of this polynomial then form the key. So we now have a much longer key, and so it's natural to expect a higher security level. The initial cryptanalysis seems to suggest that this is indeed the case. In particular, it's possible to use a similar attack as the basic approach by Kovratowicz to obtain an attack in P to the d-1 time, given P queries. Our take of using multiplicativity also carries over to this setting and allows us to get an attack of P to the d-2 time, again using P queries. In fact, Kovratowicz had all improved this to a P to the d-3 attack. But we also give in this paper a number of wiki attacks, which I'll present in the next slide, and which are probably more relevant for practical cases. One possible use case for the higher degree Legendre PRF is to use a polynomial which factors completely over the base fields into degree 1 polynomials. This basically amounts to taking d Legendre PRFs with a possibly smaller modulus and then multiplying their outputs together in the hopes of achieving higher security. And this is possible, but the security that's obtained is not as good as one would expect based on the previous slide. In particular, as I'll show on the next slide, there's a birthday bar to take on this construction. In general, any key so that the corresponding polynomial is reducible could be called a weak key, but the degree to which it is weak depends on the structure of the factorization. In the worst case, we have two factors of equal degree. And in that case, there's a collision attack that we can apply. So here we simply need to do roughly low p queries to the PRF, and then we can find the collision between two sequences, one of which depends on k1 and the other depends on k2. And if this collides, then probably we know what k1 and k2 are. As shown in this figure, the complexity of the attack ranges from p to the d over 2, in the worst case, to p to the d depending on which fraction of keys can be attacked. The next variant of the Legendre symbol PRF that I want to discuss is the Akobi symbol PRF. In this case, we use composite modulus. For this, we need the Akobi symbols, which are simply defined as the product of Legendre symbols corresponding to the prime factors of the modulus. However, this generalization turns out to be not very useful, because we can simply make queries for inputs which are a multiple of p, and then this corresponds to making queries to the Legendre PRF with a different key, but modular prime q. Using this, we can attack the Legendre PRF to obtain the value of the key modulo q, and then we can do the same thing with p and q swapped to obtain the value of the key k modulo p. Finally, we simply apply the Chinese remainder theorem in order to obtain k mod p times q. Finally, I want to discuss the power residue PRF. In this case, we have a prime p, so that some integer r divides p minus 1. We can then define the r power residue symbol of an element x of the field fp to be x to the power of p minus 1 over r. If x is an r power, this evaluates to 1, and otherwise it evaluates to some r through the unity. So this means that we can extract log r bits from each power residue symbol. And that's potentially useful, for instance it's used in the pork roast signature schemes which are variant of this leg roast scheme that I mentioned earlier. The basic attack that we gave on the Legendre PRF of course generalizes because it's based only on the multiplicativity of the Legendre symbol. However, this attack does not depend on the value of r, or at least it depends only logarithmically on it. So we would like to show that for large r, this construction also degrades in security. The paper we give an attack which runs in p over m times r time and uses m memory. However, we are not able to find an attack which runs in something like p over m squared times r time. To conclude, in this paper we give improved attacks on the Legendre PRF which are especially relevant in the low data setting. And this allowed us to break the concrete challenges proposed by the Ethereum Foundation for the 64 and 74 bit primes. We also give improved attacks on higher degree variants of the Legendre PRF. And I think in particular the takeaway here is that there exists a large number of weakies corresponding to reducible polynomials. Finally, we also evaluate the security of two other variants of the Legendre PRF which originate in the work of Damgaert. The first of these is the Akobi symbol PRF which turned out to be not more secure than the weakest Legendre PRF corresponding to one of the prime factors of the modulus. The second is the power residue symbol PRF which could be used to extract more output bits. But we also show that the security does degrade when the output size increases. Our implementation of the attack on the Legendre PRF is available online at the URL shown on this slide.


The Yellow Program starring Jack Benny with Johnny Green in his orchestra. The orchestra opens the program with, It's No Fun. All over the country today, lovely ladies have been parading their latest spring finery. It's one of the highlights of Easter, this display of new fashions, this brilliant array of colors, but in all their springtime brightness, the colors of Easter cannot surpass the glowing colors of Jell-O. However, Jell-O is much more than just a gay, good-looking dessert. It's a downright delicious one as well. It was always delightful, but nowadays Jell-O tastes twice as good as ever before. That real fruit flavor is put there by a modern secret process and sealed right in so that it can't get out. That's why every one of Jell-O's six grand flavors has the keen, refreshing goodness of fresh ripe fruit. No other Jell-Oton dessert can equal Jell-O's extra-rich fruit flavor, so accept no substitutes. Always ask for Jell-O by name. Always insist on the one and only genuine Jell-O. Now we bring to you from Cleveland the pride of Waukegan, the idol of California, Ohio's favorite son, Jack Benny of New York. Well, Jell-O again. This is Jack Benny coming to you from all over the country. Listen, Don, as long as we're here in Cleveland, why did you let on that I come from New York? Well, don't you? Yes, Don, but I had a swell gag all worked out about Cleveland. You nearly spoiled it. Oh, I'm sorry, Jack. Look, Don, now look, there's a famous street here called Euclid Avenue. It's known all over the country. Euclid Avenue, eh? Yeah, now you ask me how I like Cleveland. Go ahead. How do you like Cleveland? Well, Don, I love my wife, but oh, Euclid. Oh, boy. Oh, boy. Boy, am I hot tonight.  Well, anyway, folks, we're here in Cleveland and having a great time. Oh, by the way, Jack, how are you doing at Low State Theater this week? How am I doing? Why? Don, haven't you read the reviews? The notices? They're terrific. Look, I just happen to have this write-up. I usually throw them away, you know. Where is it? Right here, pinned to my pocket. Well, let's see it. Oh, it's nothing much, Don, the usual stuff. Here, read it. Oh, yes. This week, Low State Theater offers the outstanding show of the season. On the screen, Myrna Loy gives a magnificent performance in that sparkling romantic film Petticoat Fever. Read on, Don. However, for sophisticated comedy, debonair personality, and gay nonchalance... That's nonchalance, Don. Gay nonchalance. We also have that smooth, suave comedian, Robert Montgomery. They read on, Don. The stage show this week includes the lyazede Arabs, the Stuart Morgan dancers, and a man with a violin. That's me. That's me. Trascolatious, Jack. Oh, Don, it's the same everywhere I go. It means nothing. Hello, Jack. Oh, hello, Mary. I was just showing Don the write-up I got in the paper, you know. Can I have it, Jack? I want to give it to my father. Why? He's got a hole in his shoe. Oh, yeah. Well, my shoes come first. Hey, Mary, you should read that write-up. Well, what's so funny about it? It's a knockout. Yeah. Oh, yeah. You leave Jack alone. He's got more talent in his little finger than you'll ever have. I don't believe it. Either do I, but that's what he told me. Had a girl, Mary.  It's a nice way to talk on Easter Sunday. But you look swell, Mary. Is that a new spring outfit? Uh-huh. Do you like it? I sure do. Who gave it to you? You did. I did say that was darn sweet of me. Did I give you anything else? I haven't decided yet. Oh. Well, if I do, let me know, won't you? Oh, sure. Hello, Jack. Here I am, large as life, and twice as tempting. Well, hello, Kenny. Say, where's your Easter outfit? Oh, I'm wearing it. You look the same to me, Mary. Do you notice any change in Kenny? Sure, he had his hat lost. Oh, yes. Now I notice it. Look, Mary's got a flower in his buttonhole, too. Get it? Is that what it is? Yeah. Is that funny looking? What is it, Kenny, a violet or a carnation? Oh, I don't know. It fell off a lady's hat. Well, anyway, Kenny, you look fine. You're some dresser. Oh, thanks, Jack. You know, you wear it well. Close yourself. Oh, I don't know. Of course, I do pride myself on the way I take care of my food, Jim. That suit looks like you forgot to take it off the hanger. Yeah, you nearly killed that joke, didn't you? Oh, well, anyway, folks, it's Easter. And I want to tell you, it's nice to see people out in their new spring finery, new hats, new dresses, new suits. And don't forget Jello's new, extra rich, fresh fruit flavor. Remember, it tastes twice as good as ever before. Well, that's a nice Easter greeting. Hey, Jack, that reminds me. I wrote a poem about Easter. Mary, will you stop writing those poems? That's the only trouble with this program. Well, just listen to this one. All right, all right. Easter's here, but once a year, even as you and I. A rag, a bone, and a hank of hair. A laugh, a pier, a chop. Well. Easter bought us soon a pier in the rain or fall. Pleasure. That was Mary Livingston by Johnny Green and his orchestra. That's the last poem I'll ever write. Anyway, that was Goodie Goodie, played by Johnny Johnny. But really, that was swell. I don't know, Johnny. You know, your music does something to me. Oh, I'm sorry, Jack. Oh, I didn't mean it that way. You know, Johnny, there's something about you when you stand there leading that orchestra that, oh, I don't know. There's a word that fits you. And I just can't think of it. It's, uh, uh. How about genius? Well, that's cute. Yeah, but I really had another word in mind, but genius will do. I mean. Mary, what are you laughing at? Imagine a genius with a haircut. Mary, listen, don't forget the struggle behind Johnny's musical education. Night after night with the wind howling and tearing at his clothes, he trudged six miles through blinding snow just to get to his piano teacher's house. Is that right, Johnny? No, he came to our house. Well, you don't know the struggle that piano teacher went through. After each lesson, fighting every inch of his way back through six miles of blizzard and snow, didn't he, Johnny? No. Well, anyway, Johnny, you deserve your success. Oh, thanks, Jack. You're right. It's all right, Johnny. You're green.  Well, that finishes this routine. Hey, Johnny, how do you like Cleveland? Are you having any fun here? Oh, sure, Jack. I have lots of friends in town and relatives, too. Oh, yeah. By the way, where are you stopping? Stopping? Oh, I got a little room at the Sadler. It's nothing pretentious, but it's comfortable, you know. After all, I just sleep there. Where are you living, Johnny? Oh, I'm there, too. Of course, I've got quite a large room. Well, you've got quite a large orchestra. I mean, how do you all get in there? We checked the drums downstairs. Oh, you could have checked that joke downstairs, too. Hey, Jack, I have some relatives here who are great friends of yours, and I'd like you to meet them right after the broadcast. You mind? Oh, of course not, Johnny. I'll be glad to. Are they distant relatives? No, they're right outside. You could have checked that one, too. Yes. And now, ladies and gentlemen, that tonight, we are going to offer you a real treat. You remember in the past, we gave you the best place that money could pass by. We gave you Noel Coward, George Bernard Shaw, and we have also given you the works of Shakespeare. Well, maybe not Shakespeare, but we have given you the works. And this evening, ladies and gentlemen, we are going to present Eugene O'Neill's stage and screen primes, Our Wilderness, with a cast that needs no introduction. I, Jack Lionel Benimore, will play the part of the father. Miss Mary Livingston, who used to live near Catherine Cornell, will play the part of the mother. While Kenny Baker, who was once hit by Clark Gable's car, will play the part of the son. Don, do you like the part of the uncle played by Wallace Berry? Yes, and I like strawberry, raspberry, cherry, orange, lemon, lime. Just for that, you can't be in it. Oh, Mary, while Kenny is singing his number, you better rehearse a little bit. You know, that's a pretty important part you've got there. Oh, yeah? I don't need rehearsing. I was in a stock company for the past three months at the Princess Theater in New York. Mary, the Princess Theater has been closed for two years. Oh, no wonder I didn't get any applause. Well, anyway, folks, tonight we are presenting Our Wilderness. The scene is the home of the Benny, the time right after Kenny Baker's song. Oh, by the way, Kenny, do you think you can play the part of? I don't know, but I'll try. Hmm, sing, Kenny. Let me raw my heart at home in the night, at home to men, cattle to tents, landing to be done. Let me, let me raw from the hills in the deep. Kenny Baker singing in the Hills of Old Wyoming. And now we bring you our version of Eugene O'Neill's masterpiece, Our Wilderness. The scene is a small town in New England, yaws and yaws ago, when children were seen and not noticed. Now, as the scene opened, what was that noise, Mary? O'Neill just turned off his radio. Oh, well. Curtains, music, John. Son, Wilderness. He ain't home yet. The 827 and that boy of ours is still gallivanting around. Well, don't worry. He's a good boy and smart, too. He got the biggest marks in the school and stood us ahead of his class. Well, where he got the marks, he had a stand. I tell you, Teresa, I don't know what this younger generation is coming to. On the way home tonight, I actually saw a young couple holding hands before it got dark. Well, what's the matter with that? Well, when I was young, boys never thought of doing the things they do today. That's why they didn't do them. Hmm. Never thought of that. You know, Pa, I've been thinking, you really got to talk to Wilderness and tell him the facts of life. He's going on 29. Yes, you're right, Ma.  Has he got a shaving mug? Yes, but he never shaves it. I have a suspicion he's erasing a beard. Are you sure, Pa? No, but when he comes in, I must stash him. Ooh. That hurt me, too. Yeah, but that boy's at the age now where he must be protected. Yes, Pa, and it's up to you to talk to him. Gosh, Ma, I don't know what to tell him. Why don't you ask the boys of experience? No, not tonight, Teresa. I feel kind of drowsy. Drowsy? Yes. My mistake. Come in. It's Uncle Ferncliffe. I give you a glass of water, please. Well, what's the matter, Uncle? Make it two glasses. Why, what's wrong? Pa, I've got something to tell you. I've got bad news for you. You don't mean you're time to live with us? It's voicers and dabs. Do you know that Simpson girl who bears high heels will smoke cigarettes? You mean Annabelle Simpson? That's the bimbo. How do you know she smoked a cigarette? There was lipstick counted when I picked it up. What, lipstick coups? And that's not all, Pa. Would you believe it? Your son has been writing her letter. He has? Surprise, Ann. I just found a love letter. Look at that fancy stationary. I feel that material. Not bad. And you say my son wrote this letter? Yes, and did he. Here it is. It says, dear Annabelle. Wait. I can tell from the beginning of that letter this ain't going to be fit for a woman's ears. You want to leave the room, Frieza? Give me that letter, and you leave the room. Carry on, Ferncliffe. I've got to know what's in it. Dear Annabelle, roses are red, violets are blue, sugar is sweet, and so are you. You're truly little, Annabelle. My son wrote that? I can't believe. Well, here it is in black and blue. Well, and I reckon it's true. I wouldn't mind it so much except for those last four words, and so are you. That's a going too far. And don't be too hard on the boy for us. Maybe he wasn't himself when he wrote it. He must have been. Every word is missed out. That's exactly my conclusion. Here he comes now. For us, you must talk to him. Oh, father. Oh, mother. Oh, uncle. Oh, wilderness. Young man, do you realize what time it is? 9.13. Exactly.  She was a walking up and down in her bare feet with tears in her eyes, and wide. There were cats on the floor. Yet, son, we were all worried. Where were you tonight? Playing jacks. Oh, gambling, eh? At Annabelle Simpson's? Yeah. You better be careful, my boy. I knew many girls when I was a young man, but your mother was different. Sure I was different. I said yes. Wilderness, Uncle Fernsley found a love letter you wrote to Annabelle. What do you say to that? Oh, gingerbread. Watch your language, son. Did you have a drink before you came home? Yes, father. A molded milk. A molded milk, eh? Was there an egg in it? Well, I, well, uh. Answer me, son. Was there an egg in it? Yes, father. That's the last straw. But I couldn't help it, father. I couldn't help it. I was driven to it. I don't care how you got there. It doesn't matter. You don't know the egg to a lonely heart. I asked Annabelle for a lock of her hair, and she told me to jump in the lake. Did you do it, son? Yes, but it wasn't fair. Well, I can understand that.  Was there an egg in it? Leave the room, Frieza. I'm going to have a talk with Wilderness about the facts of life. Well, I hope you learn something. Hey, she infumigates it so. Come here, son. You're getting at the age now when you ought to be told some of the facts of life. Sit down, my boy. I am sitting down. Then stand up. You're going on 29 and approaching manhood. There are a few things you ought to know. Gee, it's a thrill. What is it, dad? Wait a minute. Lock that door and shut that window. Yes, pa. Now close that trance. Yes, and turn off the steam. First, I'm going to read you that letter you sent to Annabelle. I'm scared. Listen to this. Dear Annabelle, roses are red, violets are blue, sugar is sweet, and so are you. Yours truly, Wilderness. Gosh, did I write that? It wasn't huge, isn't it, O'Neill? Quiet, I'll handle this. How, Wilderness, how would you feel if you got a letter like that? I don't know, dad, but I can find out. How? I'm going to sit right down and write myself a letter. Write yourself a letter, son. And make believe it came from millions of soldiers across the sea fighting for democracy. I'm going to say those things so sweet that will knock me off my feet with kisses at the bottom. Gee, I'm glad I got them. I'm going to write and say, I hope you're feeling better. Mr. K.  And sign with love the way you do. My honey, do. I'm going to sit right down and write myself a letter. Letter. I'm going to tell you the facts of life. Well, they'll tell them already. It's getting older. Listen, my boy, it's like this. I can't go through with this. I got cold feet. All right, I'll turn on the steam again. You better tell them, Furncliffe. All right, I'll do the honest. Will the nuts, my laddie boy? There's only one way to win a woman, quote. Always give them the cold soda, unquote, you see? Quote, never show them that you love them, unquote. Are you listening, quote. Stop. Your uncle is wrong, my boy. There's only one way to win a woman. Show her that you admire her, cherish her, go to see her, and make love to her. Stop it. I can't listen to such a tamarind there. You're wrong. I'm right. You're wrong. I'm right. You're wrong. You're wrong, and I'm leaving. Pay no attention to your uncle, son. You listen to me. Tell me more, father. A woman needs love, affection, and correctness. I may be wrong about Annabelle, but if she's the girl of your dreams, go to her, my son. Go to her. But I fear it's too late, father.  Well, there is a resemblance. But I'll fix it. I'll call her up on the telephone. What's her number, wilderness? Spruce, tree, tree, tree. Did you hear that, operator? Well, get it. Don't worry, son. I'll fix everything, and I'll show you that I'm right. I'm always right. All a woman needs is love and affection. Hello? Hello, is this Annabelle Simpson's house? Hello, friend there? What, you? Well? I can't understand this. What have you got to say for yourself? Only one thing. You were right. Play, John.


So everything that happens to the solar system happens to you in some way, Mahashivarathri night. There is a natural upsurge of energy. If you lie down, you could also harm yourself. So that night we have a celebration, somewhere around six crore people could be watching. So if you speak so logically and it makes sense to me, but at the same time you're celebrating the religious festival of Mahashivarathri in a grand way at the Ishe Yoga Center. For a young person like me, these religious festivals seem like outdated rituals. So I want to know, what is the relevance of Mahashivarathri to the youth? Thank you. What kind of festival would you like? First of all, maybe only the Valentine's Day or something. That is also religious. It's Saint Valentine, all right? So what is Mahashivarathri? You need to understand this. There are certain in India, there are three hundred and sixty-five festivals in a year. Yes, today due to economic reasons and the way we have structured our work and things, a whole lot of them have died, still about thirty to thirty-five are being actively. Maybe more than that, about fifty to sixty festivals are being celebrated by different people but that number also is decreasing, largely maybe about five or six are being celebrated in a big way. So some of them are social, a few of them may be religious but hardly any religious ones. Some are all connected to the calendar. Almost every Indian festival is connected to the calendar. What's happening in the solar system, we want to do something which is conducive for what's happening that day in the rest of the solar system. Why this is important is, because what you call as my body right now, what is human mechanism is has come out of this planet. Most people don't get it till you bury them. They think they came from somewhere. No, this body is, solar system is working like a potter's wheel to generate this. So everything that happens to the solar system happens to you in some way. So there is a very keen observation of what is happening in the solar system today. Accordingly we have crafted one kind of celebration and we do those specific things. So on Mahasivaratri night to cut it short, because this is an elaborate subject what you opened up on that day which doesn't fall on the same calendar, you know, the regular modern calendar date, on that day there is a natural because you know planet is not spinning like this, it is spinning a certain way and there's a precision to the planet. You know what's a precision, hello? Not precision in terms of exactness, I'm talking about what is precision in terms of the planet. This axis is not simply rotating like this, it is going like this. It is a wobble, there is a wobble to the planet always. Because of that wobble it creates a certain kind of situation on the planet. So on that day especially in the northern hemisphere or only in the northern hemisphere there is a natural upsurge of energy. There's a natural upsurge of energy, oh all this energy I don't believe you don't, just go sit on the coast. If there is a full moon night, is the ocean rising? Hello? So on your moon day, full moon day do you see that the very ocean is trying to rise? Well over two-thirds of your body is water, what makes you think? Body water inside the body won't rise, all the fluids in the body are also rising.  You will see on full moon days and new moon days people take extra care because those who are psychologically disturbed become far more disturbed. People think moon causes madness, that's why Lunar and Looney and all this stuff. Moon does not cause madness, it just pulls everything up.  This particular day after the solstice happens in December, twenty-second of December is the winter solstice, after that the planetary precision is such that there is a natural upsurge on that particular night in a very big way. If on that night if you lie down, this means when the energies are trying to move like this, you're kind of obstructing it, it is not only that you lose the benefit, you could also harm yourself in… in a very sensitive way. All these things matter to you only when you want to be a full-fledged human being. When I say a full-fledged human being, you want every faculty that can be opened up in the human being, you want it to be opened.   So you want to sit straight, you want your spine to be erect on that night, when energies are moving upward you want to help it, further go up not like this. So, we created what is called as jhagaran, that means to stay alert and to stay erect. How to keep people erect, just make them sit. You think they will?  No, I have to entertain you. Hello? So, that night we have a celebration from evening six to morning six, twelve hours, non-stop music, dance, meditation, various things being done so that everybody stays alert. Nearly a million people are in one place but these numbers were exploding so now we have large screens in over 130 cities across the country in southern India so that people gather there and too many don't come here but still it'll run into somewhere around 700 to 800,000 people in one place and over 86 channels are telecasting it live. So how many millions of people are watching? We don't know. Last year they said it could be somewhere around six crore people could be watching. This time it's going to be much more so it's grown that big because people find the benefit of what it is.  You don't like celebration so you simply sit like this. It's up to you. So, you need to understand this. A human being needs celebration. If celebration has to happen in your life, you need some sense of playfulness otherwise there's no celebration. Most people can celebrate only if you get them drunk. I will show you a million people in one place, not a drop of drink allowed anywhere but you will see full night. Not one person will sleep. Everybody's on, on, on. Okay?


as Adam Smith, the company, level with the edge of the ball with Penalty. He goes back to the USA International, D'Andre Yedlin, who's chasing Wanda on the right-hand side here. Up against Adam Smith, Yedlin's pullback! What a save by Benjamin! Six minutes gone, the cherries talked about trying to silence the home fans. They've done the opposite. They've given them an opportunity to get out of their seats. Solomon Rondon, and it is 1-0. Down the right side now for Met Richard, half-way inside Newcastle. Territu has a score that gets born within the Premier League meeting since he looked the South Coast. Now Kenny left-hand side, the applause there for Richard's ball. It's swung into Rondon! Into the top-left corner past Begovic. Six minutes before half-time comes the corner.  The form of the silence and James' bar. And have at last managed to get some foothold in the game. They rush back to set up before half-time. It is Newcastle 2-born with 1.


hello friends so welcome to this new session on polynomials and today we are going to discuss division algorithm for polynomials so if you remember you've already studied about division algorithm in arithmetic or number system where we studied about something called Euclid's Euclid's division lemma isn't it if you remember Euclid's division lemma we studied in the real numbers topic or number theory basically we studied this in number theories now Euclid's division lemma was nothing but if a and b are two a and b are two positive integers so usually we talk about positive integers positive integers integers then we we know that a is equal to bq plus r right this was Euclid's division lemma where where r was greater than equal to 0 but less than equal to b right this is what was Euclid's division lemma which in other words you have been studying this is like dividend dividend in a process of division is equal to divisor divisor times divisor time quotient plus remainder isn't it now the same laws also is applicable in case of polynomials as well so let us try with an example and then we'll come to the formal definition of division algorithm of polynomials okay so let me take an example let us say I want to divide a polynomial fx which is given by x cube minus 6x squared plus 11x minus 6 okay so some basic information about this this is certainly a polynomial and what is the degree of fx if you see degree of fx is nothing but 3 right highest power of x is 3 so degree of fx is 3 now let us say I have to divide this fx by another function gx or another polynomial gx which is x plus 2 okay what is the degree of gx is equal to 1 right now let us divide it now let us do the long division method so how do you divide it you remember so this is how you have to write that dividend here x cube minus 6x square plus 11x minus 6 so hence first term will be x squared why because x into x squared will be x cube so x cube and then plus 2x square is it 2x square now you subtract you will get this is would be minus sign right so it is minus 8x square plus 11x minus 6 what next then minus 8x is it it so minus 8x the moment you do you will get minus 8x square here then minus 16x is it it and then again you have to perform the subtraction so it will be 27x minus 6 right 27x minus 6 then what then you have simply do 27 so you'll see it is 27x and then plus 54 right and then you subtract again so what do you get you get this as 0 and 6 minus 6 minus 54 is minus 60 isn't it so you see you get remainder as minus 60 and the quotient is x square minus 8x plus 27 right this is the quotient so I can write this as quotient and this has remainder now you if you if you want to verify you can see that you can very well see that x cube minus 6x square plus 11x plus sorry minus 6 minus 6 is equal to this is the dividend isn't it this is the dividend and what is the divisor x plus 2 was the divisor times quotient x square minus 8x plus 27 plus the remainder that is minus 60 and if you if you if you see you can you can try and verify you will if you multiply these two and then add minus 60 to it you will get this term right so hence here it is dividend is equal to divisor into quotient plus remainder now let us you know draw some conclusions if you say what is the degree of quotient right degree of quotient if you say degree of quotient is less than that of the dividend okay it might be true it might not be true as well because if there's a constant term as a quotient then the degree will not be so but in any case degree of the quotient will be either equal to or less than the dividend similarly divisor the degree of divisor is x plus 2 which is less than that of dividend and the most important point is the degree of the remainder now degree of remainder of remainder is always less than degree of divisor and why is it so because if it was not so then you could have gone for one more step of division what do i mean let us say instead of minus 60 here if you would have got minus 60x let us say you got minus 60x then what you would have again gone for another set another round of division isn't it you would have written minus 60 here and then it would be minus 60x and then minus 120 so again you would have performed one more division and you would have gone got a remainder which whose degree is less than that of divisor okay so please understand that degree of remainder will always be less than degree of divisor and this is nothing but in a nutshell we discussed something called division algorithm for polynomial now let us see definition of division algorithm and it says if fx and gx are two polynomials are two polynomials two polynomials with gx not equal to zero now gx must not be zero why because if gx is equal to zero then division is not defined then then we can always find always find qx and rx such that such that and mind you qx and rx are polynomials okay such that fx is equal to gx times qx plus rx and and and degree of rx is less than degree of degree of sorry gx this is what is the formal definition of degree of gx okay this is what is the definition of division algorithm for polynomial so fx is a polynomial you divide this polynomial by gx you will get a quotient and you will get a remainder such that the degree of the remainder is less than that of degree of the divisor okay let's take an example and understand we have already seen one example let us take another example so let us take another example to see this now the question is let us say we have fx is equal to x to the power four minus three x squared plus four x plus five now what is degree of fx degree of fx here is four and the divisor gx is let us say x square minus x plus one okay and a degree of gx is equal to two correct so hence I can always find as per the division algorithm fx must be equal to gx times qx plus rx okay where degree of rx will be less than degree of gx so what is the degree of gx two so hence degree of rx will be less than two that means either it is a linear factor linear polynomial right hence only its degree is one or it is a constant so degree is zero correct is it so let us you know try and divide and see whether we are getting that is that result so x square let us perform the long division method x square minus x plus one x four minus three x square plus four x plus five okay let's divide so first term clearly will be x square so hence it is x to the power four minus x cube there will be one minus x cube right and plus x square plus x square isn't it so hence if you subtract this will get cancelled and you will get x cube and this is minus four x squared plus four x plus five then next term will be certainly x isn't it so if you multiply by x you will get x square x cube then minus x square is it and then plus x subtract again you will get minus three x square and then plus three x plus five isn't it then what now it will be minus three so minus three x squared then what plus three x and minus three is it so if you do the calculation you will get only eight as the remainder isn't it so hence we see x to the power four minus three x square plus four x plus five can be written as x square minus x plus one times x square plus x minus three plus eight right so this is nothing but this is my fx this is gx divisor this is qx the quotient and this is the remainder rx and clearly degree of rx is two right which is less than degree of gx correct this is what was division algorithm now in the next session we'll learn how to find out the quotient and remainder without doing actual division okay


From Lyon Naysmith to Lyon Naysmith Subject memo to self You have sent this message to be sent automatically to elnaysmith at foundation dot scp every day at 11 o'clock central standard time You may edit or cancel the setting in the preferences menu Why bother? Let's say the Scarlet King awakens. Let's say he eats 4,000 sacrificial virgins for breakfast Halfway through number 2374 he remembers a particularly funny knock-knock joke he laughs he chokes and none of his slaves no CPR Let's say the flesh god and the machine god decide to settle their differences once and for all Let's say they bring every circuit cultist and broken god-fearing soldier to the final battle The battlefield is on the other side of a wormhole which closes and never opens again Only catch we never know who wins But we can live with that Let's say we find an infinitely huge wall of drawers Let's say we fill them up with every anomalous item where they'll be perfectly content until the heat death of the universe and Let's say we still die screaming Why bother? May 12 2016 One of my few days off in spring. I drank milk straight from the jug without looking at the expiration date It should have been spoiled for two days. It wasn't still fresh 8 a.m. Penny Naismith was off to school and Mrs. Rosen Naismith told me that she had to go to a parent-teacher conference for penny later I'll go I said Don't she said it's your day off Last week. I saw a D-class eaten alive by a snake made of intrusive thoughts. I think I can deal with bitchy teachers Rosa grimaced skeptical It's mr. Glassman, isn't it? I thought starting to miss the mind viper 9 a.m. I sip a mimosa. There's a classic doctor who marathon on PBS old Tom Baker's Rosa catches me grinning ear-to-ears the title theme comes on. She laughs 3 p.m. Mr. Glassman assistant principal told me that my daughter doesn't handle bullies well. I Said then how about we do something about the kids trying to provoke her He said look when she's older you won't be there to force her to toughen up Do you want to coddle your daughter all your life or let her build character? Half an hour of smiling and nodding later. I took a photo out of my wallet Said it was of penny at her baptism The photo was of a narcissist class visual cognitive hazard that had just been decommissioned Seeing the foam come from his mouth was one of the finer points of my life as a father and Well worth the rep for man from the o5 council mr. Glassman still healthy, of course Only difference is he believes that if penny ever cries a seven foot tall eel man lurking outside his peripheral vision will eat his eyeballs 6 p.m. Penny and I watched a movie that introduced her to swear words. She laughed hard enough to start wheezing 8 p.m. Penny's in bed early contented 8 30 p.m Pretty sure I can't go into detail on a foundation email server But roses still got it after 10 years My pelvis still hurts thinking about it God bless America You want happy endings?   It's that good and bad are completely subjective One man zk class reality failure is another man's orgasm so Why bother? because sometimes temporarily Everything goes right Whatever your situation however bad things get as long as you're alive. There can always be a great day You got this Lyle you're making penny and rose a proud And dr. Henderson to wherever he is Don't let the nihilist and quitter seduce you There will be more may 12 2016's if you can keep the bastards locked up And if you can help it don't detonate the onsite nuke until you finish the Tom Baker episodes Love dr. Lyle Naismeth psych director foundation site 59


What's up everybody, Jason here for jasperjasecasebrakes.com. This fills up NT football picketing number four guys where you guarantee the team Patriots 49ers, Bears and more and again, we're giving away a free spot guys But only if you bought a full spot outright in this team filler If you want spots from many packed fillers to get into this break You won't have an opportunity to win a free spot only the customers that bought in and again Of course once we do that free spot giveaway, we're gonna randomize the 13 names Randomize them only and whatever you match up with here on this list is what you get Patriots number one all the way down to the Panthers, but you're guaranteed a team So here's the dice roller We're gonna use a dice roller for the free spot giveaway and the list of customer names So here's everybody that got in straight up or one spots in packed fillers and it looks like we did optic 10 11 12 and 13 so congrats to those winners They paid a fraction of the price to get in and then here are the four customers that bought in straight up Brian Brian Sean and hen so you got a one and four shot to win a free thousand dollar spot. How about that guys? So good luck. Let's roll it and it is a three and a two five times. Good luck This is for the free spot giveaway customer number one gets a free spot in this So three two five one two three four five and Sean Matic at the top when I win a chicken dinner three and a two five times Congrats, Sean So boom you're at the top You got a free extra spot in this. We'll put a little character sign right there So that should make 13 and we're gonna use the same dice roller Three and a two five times and we'll match up with one of these teams here guys. Good luck one two three four and five Boom five times five Nick Smith at the top down to Sean Matic at the bottom And here we go. Let's see what you guys got So Nick Congratulations from optic pack filler 13. You got the most expensive team in the break Patriots Jose from a pack filler as well got the 49ers hand You have the bears from a pack filler Brian bangles very nice mark Texans Nick Steelers might go with the dolphins mark with the Cowboys Sean your free spot got you the Eagles Brian with the Falcons hand with the bills and then Steve and Sean with the Panthers. So there you go guys, and I believe I Think from like the Texans and above were like all over a thousand up to three thousand things Steelers Dolphins were like at seven eight hundred bucks Like I said Cowboys Eagles at over five six and then Falcons as well And I think it wasn't until like the Giants Panthers were like two fifty three hundred So either way though, I mean obviously for the customers that bought in through a pack filler one in obviously you guys saved the Still some good money, but regardless you guys all guarantee the team good luck And now this gives you an opportunity as well to win a wax party promo spot There's only a few left. So this is one of your last chances here guys So appreciate you guys coming up next is the break itself


This is State Tech Hawaii, Community Matters here. The State of Clean Energy. I'm Maria Tomi and I have a guest today from the State Energy Office, Ms. Gail Suzuki-Jones. Welcome Gail. Thank you, Maria. And Gail is the program manager for a very exciting program, the Hawaii Green Business Program. So, I really look forward to hearing more about this. You've had an annual program for several years and you have a whole bunch of excellent winners and you have a program for next year. So, thank you very much for being on the program. Thank you, Maria. I brought along some slides that I thought I'd share with you that kind of highlight their program and what we're doing. The first slide shows sort of what the program is about. Do we want to? Yeah. Let's... Here we go. Okay. Can you contact me? Great. That's perfect. So, basically, the Green Business Program recognizes businesses that go beyond compliance, that are really illustrating and demonstrating energy and resource-efficient practices in Hawaii. Excellent. Our theme for this month is sustainability, climate change, mitigation, and adaptation. And so, by having recognition for these folks who have these excellent programs, they're doing good things for sustainability as well as climate change mitigation. That's correct. And every year we have an awards ceremony in the governor's office. We just had one in May and we'll be having one again next spring. And so, we want to encourage all you businesses and government entities out there to participate. We have checklists online for you to follow. And basically, you go through the checklist, you submit it to us. We then conduct a site visit if you're in compliance. We then have this awards ceremony. Like I said, once a year in the springtime. And one of the key portions of our program is that you agree to mentor at least one other business. So, word of mouth is very important in the process. So, you're trying to get others involved and on board. And it oftentimes involves a little friendly competition. Yeah. I guess so. I guess the website that you just showed has the information. But when you started this, it was several years ago and it was it? It was actually in 2002. Oh, wow. I looked back. Just 15 years ago. It's grown. It's grown a lot. And most recently we were involved with the IUCN event and working with the hotels in the hotel room block to try to get them up to speed and participate in our program. So that the attendees of the event would also get to see the practices demonstrated by these property. Excellent. So, there's a lot of good information on that website including the checklist. And you mentioned mentor. So, let's say somebody wants to do something and they want to talk to a mentor about what they did. Is that information on the website too? What we do have on the website is a section called awardees. And on that are case studies of every business that was awarded, a green business award in our program. And so it shows what they've implemented on their particular property. And it's not just hotels and resorts, but it's office retail, restaurant food service. We have venues. We also have events. So it kind of runs a gambit of different types of businesses. Yeah. So, I'm sorry. I know you brought several prepared slides and it's probably very organized in the way that would cover everything. So maybe we can take a look at another slide. Yes. Let's go to the next slide, please. So, here's a list of our partners because we're not doing this alone. I want to give credit to the Department of Health, the Office of Solid and Hazardous Waste. We're our co-partner in this, along with the City and County Board of Water Supply. Hawaii Energy also provides rebates. And we work closely with the Professional Association, so the Lodging and Tourism Association, their Engineers Advisory Council. We also work with entities such as Cooperize and HTA. We pursue grants to help support internships. And mentorship is also an important part of that process because we threw some grants from EPA. We're able to work through Cooperize to hire interns to help us expand the program. So it's pretty exciting. It not only works for the businesses, but also with individuals and sort of working their way through the green workforce. Yeah. I like that dynamic, interactive feature of it.  So we're encouraging anyone out there to take a look at our website. If you have any questions, let me know. My email address is on there as well as more resources on the website. Okay. Maybe we'll go to the next slide. I'm waiting to get to the list of, oh yes. So this is beginning to get close to that. So basically on the left side are the types of businesses and events that we recognize. And on the right side sort of highlights some of the sections of our checklist. The picture on the bottom is from the Hotel and Lodging Association. We have a number of different engineers and properties that were recognized right before the IUCN event in 2016 for going beyond compliance and participating in our program. Excellent. So it's got the energy, the waste reduction, pollution prevention, water conservation. Yeah, a whole range of things. And then the next slide please. So this begins to list the type of and the number of awardees that have been recognized under the program. And as you can see, they're not all really large properties. Oh, these are just hotels. Yeah, these are just some of the hotels on Oahu. And so it kind of runs the gambit from the smaller to the medium to the larger ones.  And then I decided to just show the lead certified properties in Hawaii to let you know that in addition to the green business program, they have gotten lead certification for a number of properties in Hawaii. In fact, Hawaii this year was, it ranked fourth in lead square footage per capita across the country for lead certified projects. So that's pretty remarkable for such a small state. Oh, wow. So not even a per capita square foot. No, it was a square footage per capita. Yeah, so it was based on our population. Okay, okay. And then the next slide please. Beyond office, beyond hotel and resort. We have office and retail awardees as well. You'll recognize a number of those entities there, both here and on the neighbor islands. And the next slide goes into entities that are restaurant and food service awardees. On our website is also a map of these entities. And so you can see it also sort of runs the range of different types of business sizes as well as their commitments as you can imagine. So going green. And then I think lastly we have a slide, actually not last. So government agencies are definitely also able to participate in the program under the resource efficiency program. And so it's not on the green business website, but on a separate website. So there's a checklist for them as well. And these are the ones that have gone through the program so far. I see your department is there. That's right, we feel like we need to lead by example and actually go through the process ourselves if we expect others to do so. Yeah, you've got federal agencies and county and oh hey, very good, very good. And then I think the next slide has the events. No, the process. Okay, so this is the process laid out in three very easy steps. The first is to contact us. The second is to complete the checklist. That's probably the most daunting part of it. But you can actually separate it into different sections and spread it out amongst individuals within your green team. And then third, the site visit and verification, where we and our team go through your particular office and our property and do a walkthrough to make sure the items on the checklist are implemented. Okay, so going back to the mentor, because a lot of times when you want to do something you like to be able to talk to somebody in the process. I mean, it's something new and you're like what's involved. So at what point do the mentors, in that checklist, at what point does the mentor become part of it? Do they contact you and say, hey, I would love a mentor? Do you have any mentors who are looking for mentees? Actually, sometimes that happens.  And so they're not really looking for other. Right, however, there are smaller hotels that I've heard from that say the larger hotel across the street has offered to help them out, which I think is really great. One example is the Equus Hotel, a smaller property, was talking to Hawaii Prince. And Hawaii Prince just shared a lot of sort of stories, both challenges and opportunities for them. So I thought that was really kind of great to hear. Yeah, and it does make a difference to have someone to show you, hey, we did this. We survived. Gato's actually easy to work with. Right, and this is how we did it. And oftentimes our interns will help research different items. Say a hotel wants to change out from a styrofoam container to a bio-based one. Our interns will research locally what's available, give them at least three different options of where they can get that product in Hawaii. So we're very open to providing technical assistance as well. Excellent. So you have a lot of agencies and organizations that are in this commercial space. And then you mentioned events. So is that the same process that if you're going to have an event, they contact you? That's a good question. Could we take the next slide, please? I just was checking to see what we have queued up. Oh, we weren't done with the... Okay, so let's finish this and then I'll get up to your question. Okay, after work is done. Yes, the recognition part, which is really exciting for a lot of these businesses. There's a ceremony in the governor's office once a year and they receive a plaque, a reclaimed wood plaque that's made here on Oahu. And they get recognition not only at this event, but we do press releases, media advisories. We put out this press packet here, which has a number of different case studies that are... Oopsie. Definitely featured in the press packet at the event and they're able to also share this with their own sort of like clients, et cetera. Yeah. Okay. Well, why don't we take a quick break? We'll be back in about a minute and we'll hear more. Okay. Thank you, Maria. This is Think Tech Hawaii, raising public awareness. If you drink, never drive. Mark Shklav, I am the host of Think Tech Hawaii's Law Across the Sea. Law Across the Sea is on Think Tech Hawaii every other Monday at 11 a.m. Please join me where my guests talk about law topics and ideas and music and Hawaii and all across the sea from Hawaii and back again, aloha. Welcome back. So we're talking to Gail Suzuki-Jones about the Hawaii Green Business Program. So we were talking before the break about the process to apply for and hopefully get recognition for the good things that these companies and agencies are doing. Why do they go through this? I mean, why participate? Well, our next slide features some of the reasons why these businesses do participate in the program. A lot of times they don't necessarily get, oops, this is, I guess not the next one. Anyway, this- Oh, the previous one. Yeah. Yeah. Actually- The one before this? Okay. Sorry. Okay. Okay. So let's just talk. Okay. So why do they participate? They get recognition, positive press for a lot of their measures that they've implemented. A lot of times corporations in our community don't necessarily always get the best press. And so this actually focuses on some of the environmental, social, and cultural items that they're doing and giving back to the community. They're- So their customers would appreciate it. Right. Their customers, the community that they're located in. And then it's also about some, I had mentioned earlier, friendly competition. The other hotels that are their neighbors hear about it and think to themselves, wow, I need to keep up with, you know, so-and-so. And so I need to participate and or I haven't participated in a number of years, it's time for me to get back on with it. And so they also see that as a way to keep up with their neighbors. I can also imagine, you know, knowing that in my office, you know, sometimes folks are like, hey, we got to do this because it's a better way to do it. It's better for the environment. Don't waste that. Hey, recycle that, you know. And so I'm sure some of that is probably also for the desire of the employees to be able- To do the right thing. Yeah. Yes, it is. And the good thing about our program is we have the checklist. And a lot of times entities will be going through the checklist and saying, okay, I have done this, oh no, I've never thought about doing that. We can try to implement that this year during our process. And they always want to come in with a higher score, higher than what they did the last time. So has the checklist evolved at all from when this first started to now? I mean, I can imagine that some folks not only see things on the list that they hadn't thought of, but also say, hey, you know, we're doing this great thing. Why don't you add it to your list? Actually that has come up a number of different times. So it has evolved. We started off looking at the Bay Area Green Business Program a number of years ago and sort of localized it for Hawaii. And since that time, there are a number of green business programs that have popped up all over the country. We've looked at their checklist. We've tried to glean from them what we think would be appropriate here. And like you say, add-on suggestions from other participants in our program that have done some pretty exciting and innovative things. Yeah. So it's a great opportunity to learn from each other, to challenge each other, to take pride in the accomplishments. To go back to a question I had earlier about the events. So that's got to be a different process. Yes, definitely. Applying for the Green Event Award is usually done, it's like a one-time thing versus an ongoing process. So you know your event is coming up in a month or two. You take a look at the checklist. You go through it preliminarily and say, okay, I think this is what we're going to do. You contact us. You let us know what's going to happen. We then sort of advise you on things that you could do, things that are easy to do that won't cost a lot of money if you want to sort of up the number of points in your checklist and be a little greener. And then during the event you document what you've done and you submit the checklist and the documentation and we review it and sometimes if we're able to attend the event we will attend the event and help you document it ourselves and see where you stand. There's a minimum of 25 points, which is not a lot if you look at some of the items and there are a number of events that have gotten recognized this past year. I think our list is the next slide. Which was the last one. Yes, so if you sort of scroll down, hotels and venues that got recognized this past May are on the left. Restaurant and retail entities on the left as well. Then office and green events on the right side. So as you can see there's a whole variety of different types of folks that have gotten involved in this. From small events to large events like the Sony Open. What types of things would you do to make your event more sustainable? Good question. So for example, one of the events that I think UH did was the sustainability event and I don't know if you can see this. It's called a spork. So instead of using plastic ware, they gave their participants these sporks to use throughout the day and so this reduces the amount of waste and this says plastic free Hawaii. I think it's provided by Kokua Hawaii Foundation and non-profit. So you're keeping the plastic out of the waste stream and then you have a reusable utensil. Another item is paper straws versus plastic straws. And they've become more prevalent and popular. Is there any consideration of transportation? Oh yes, definitely. A number of entities have decided to offer a bike valet. I think Sony Open did that for the past two years and they use the Hawaii Bicycling League to sort of run that portion of it. Oh that's great. So even if there's not a beaky stop there, they still have the ability for people to bike there and use alternative transportation. Yeah, and on paper, the consumables, the paper and stuff like that. Oh yeah, definitely. We try to reduce the amount of paper that's handed out, have them post things online as much as possible before the event and also indicate to the attendees what they can do ahead of time to prepare themselves for the event. Yeah, that's a good idea. I do like paper agendas at a time because you can figure out, especially if there are concurrent sessions. Right, right. A lot of entities have gotten into doing signage at the event, which you think is maybe not as convenient. But what's good about signage is it brings people together and you end up talking to people about what are you going to go to or where's this or that and you meet entities. It becomes more of a social interactive process rather than just your program. Right, right. So a combined, I think, would be. Right, and apps, a lot of events are doing apps. So you have an excuse to be looking at your foundry. That's right, that's right. Yeah, yeah. So do you have any upcoming deadlines? How does this, let's say somebody is inspired and excited about this and they go and they look and they say, yeah, well, we can do that. We can do it better than them even, you know. What should they do? Well, is there a deadline? There is a deadline. It's a rolling deadline and basically the end of this calendar year, December 30th, is probably our preferred deadline. If you're very close to having it done and need an extension into after the holidays, we're very flexible because our award ceremony comes up in about April or May and we have to conduct the site visits before that. So we have to get you through the whole process before then. Well, it's already, you know, middle of June. That's right. This would be a perfect time to get started, definitely. And my website and contact information is, I think it was on the first slide that was shown and so that's something people can use to contact me. Hawaii Green Business Program, you can always just do a search through that. That's my email address as well as phone number. Yeah, so on the deadline, let's talk about the events. How much advance notice? You mentioned one or two months before. I don't suppose they can call you the day of and say, hey, we're doing great things. We've been too busy. That's probably not. It's not preferred. It's preferable that you contact us ahead of time. And it also gives you time to sort of plan for things that you may not have considered. Even going through the checklist, there's certain things that you need to set up the infrastructure for ahead of time to make it really succeed. So one final question on the government agencies and what types of things they do. Do you have any examples of what they've done that has? Sure, sure. So for government agencies, there's certain, let's say, rules and regulations that are in place. And government should be complying with some of these things, such as having your Building Energy Star labeled and or going through the process of getting at least the data input into Energy Star. And that's a free online tool that our office will also help entities with. So that's one thing. It's basically measuring and posting one year's worth of energy use data. If you're a tenant in a building, some very simple behavior changes are setting your printers to double-sided copies, which they already should be defaulted to. Your screen savers should be on the sleep mode. And then also for the lights, turning off the lights when you leave the room, if there's nobody else there. That's something very straightforward. But a lot of places don't necessarily practice these things. So behavior change is something that I think doesn't cost a lot of money, but it definitely takes some time to change people's patterns. Right, habits are very strong. That's right. So does a whole department have to participate in order to be recognized, or could one agency in a department? Yeah, that's a good question. One agency or one office within an agency, our building and our department participated on the state energy office level of the state office tower. So we have a whole floor there, and we were able to implement the practices with the help of DAGs and the cooperation of DAGs. And we have our building energies are labeled as well as LEED certified. Good job, yeah. Well, there you have it. You've got private companies, public agencies, events, and we've just started to scratch this because we haven't heard a lot of stories yet. But maybe someday we can reach out to some of your winners, and if they're willing to share some information, hear more from them. Until then, you can see their pictures and their stories on the website. That's right. Thanks so much, Gail. Thank you, Maria. Appreciate it. This has been Think Tech Hawaii's Energy Wednesday. Thank you. Thank you.