All right, so I call this Airport Commission meeting to order at 4.07 p.m. July 21st. The first agenda item is the agenda. Do I have a motion for an amendment? Mr. Acting Chairman, I move we amend the agenda to include item 2.02, organization election of a chair of the commission with those amendments, I move we approve the agenda. I second that motion. I'll have the agenda. All in favor? Aye. Aye. Recording in progress. Jeff, did you have a vote on that? Yes, I'm in favor. Sorry. I'm trying to log on the other. Yes, I'm good. Okay. Excellent. So the next agenda item is the election of a chair of the commission. Do I have a motion for chair of the commission? I move to propose that Bill Keough be a candidate for the position of chair of the commission. Is there a second? I'll second it again. Second. I'll second. I'll second. Thank you. That bill. Second to Jeff. All in favor? Aye. Aye. Aye. Motion passes with a new chairman of the commission. Mr. Bill Keough and the meeting is yours. Thank you. You're going to double my pay as a result. Okay. Double. I'll triple it. Thank you for this responsibility. I take it seriously. I really do. You're going to get. More involvement from me for better or for worse. Anyway, next item is the organization for the election of a vice chair. Chair is open for nominations. Tim George is a candidate. If somebody wants to nominate Tim George. I'm happy to nominate Tim. I'll second it. Any other nominations? Seeing none. All in favor? In the game to saying aye. Aye. Aye. Aye. Aye. Aye. Aye. Aye. Opposed? No. We have a new election vice chair. Thank you. Thank you. Is there anyone here for the public forum. Anyone wants to speak to the commission? Okay. And nobody online. Nobody online. So we'll close that item. The consent agenda is the approval of minutes of the special airport commission meeting approval of minutes of regular airport commission meeting and in play. in play. I move that we accept the units and as presented any playments but ask for the floor back after a second. I'll second that. Go ahead. Just a small note on the approval of the minutes. I noticed that all of the votes were written as taken by will call, which they were not. They were all just regular votes. So. That's accurate. Thank you for pointing that out. Yeah. That's my only comment. Any other comments? Hearing none, all in favor of signify by saying aye. Approval? Aye. Aye. Aye. So we have approved the consent and action items Engleworth construction contract. So I may do that. I'll hear that question too. Come on up. We all want to have a motion first. Oh, well, the challenge is I don't know exactly but there was no memo so I'm not exactly sure right in the yard. We still have to have a motion on the floor. If you move to prove it, you still vote no one. Okay. So I move to approve Engleworth construction contract as presented by the airport staff. Jeff, you want to second that? That's a new kind of a vote. Larry, go ahead. So the airport responded to an RFP a little over a year ago to provide continuing space for the National Weather Service here through a DSA RFP. It was a long process. Nick ended up negotiating the contract. It's a 10 year firm lease for an additional five years. Within the contract, there was two sets of improvements. There was tenant improvements and shell improvements. Tenant improvements being those that will be the responsibility to pay by the tenant and the shell being the airport. The tenant improvement costs are covered in the first 10 years of the lease. We pay up front. They pay us back over the first 10 years. That we went out to bid for those improvements and we had five, I believe five firms. Engleworth was a low-proposer. We've been working over the last month with Engleworth, GSA, National Weather Service, the whole host, the people, the firm that contract up. With respect to the timing, I apologize for not having the memo done. It's not due for downtime. Until next Friday, it's just from a timing standpoint. When this meeting was happening, I wanted to get it before you so you could see it. So of the one plus, a little bit million dollars, approximately half is tenant improvement, half is shell. So half we get reimbursed for, we have to pay out of pocket, which Marie is well aware of and is accounted for. So I'm asking to take the border finance at city council for approval to start that project. Timing is out of the essence because a lot of it is HVAC, which is up on the roof and winter's coming into as long lead items. And I'm not even sure from the time of standpoint that we have it now, this year might get pushed to the next, but that's kind of in a nutshell what this is. Okay. Any further questions? Just a couple. So are they staying in that sort of same general space? Are they expanding? Yeah, they expanded some of their footprint into where the police used to be. And also our access upstairs and that's being fixed to the door next door next door. There we go. Just a little bit of historical context They've been here for about 50 years inside this terminal. They've been in the area for much longer than that, of course. When we worked for this negotiation, it was a little bit awkward because we as a municipality actually had to bid on their lease space in our building to them. So it was an interesting concept and certainly we worked with the city attorney's office. They originally were projected to move downtown in the middle of Burlington, which also meant moving their equipment, their communications antennas, et cetera, just didn't make sense. So we've worked not only with Senator Leahy's office, the General Services Administration, the National Weather Service to make sure that they stayed here because they're a vital part of what happens out on the air field, along with the entire region, of course, but very specifically with us. So through all those negotiations and now through this contract, we're able to attain them much longer. And then, Larry, the second question is, the approximate price and the shell improvements? The approximate price, I mean, I've gone back for 10 and a half shell. So I'll take both. I think 10 and a half improvements right now are about 530,000, the balance is about 500,000 in shell. And that's approximate. I didn't bring that number in with me. It's about almost 50, 50, so approximately. So, and also GSA is leaving then what monies they have available some contingencies in case there's some issues. And of course we're asking for a contingency in case there's some light. Sure. And then, Marie, what pocket of money does our share of the 500,000 come from? So I budgeted for that in this current year, this year 2022, I built it. And a lot of them are repair maintenance, sort of the things that we already alluded to, the HAC system that has, and these things have really gone like pass or use for light, you know, they're at the end of their use for light anyway. So some of these things are well-dued and probed for us to go ahead and do some other. So I've budgeted for them actually for repairs and maintenance primarily because that is what it is. It falls into that bucket and we don't budget around all of these estimates as we've been going. So as these contracts, as we nail it down, though it selects the vendors from all these states, we may, we'll come back to you for, if it's plus or threshold, we'll come back for approval. No, both here in downtown, of course, and we're finding city council to see. We see more of this as we nail down those final pieces. Okay, thank you. Jeff, any questions? Nope, okay. Hearing no question, are you ready for the question? If so, all in favor of the motion to approve the contract with the Angle Board of Constructors, Stigivap is saying aye. Aye. All opposed? Aye. Good animus. Next item is a contract with the Freeman French and Freeman. So I move that we recommend that the Board of Finance and City Council approve the Board of, sorry, the Freeman French and Freeman contract as proposed. Motion made to approve the contract. Second. Second. Explanation and then discussion. All right, explanation. It should only require Board of Finance approval because it's just a little over $50,000. It's not over $100,000. The Board of Finance is not in our chain of command. Okay. We've been through it with the council. All right, okay. So basically, Freeman French and Freeman was selected along with a mechanical contractor and a structural contractor engineer and a structural engineer that we use. Because of the amount of this money, it has to be brought forward because it now goes over $50,000. If you look at typical costs for engineering and engineering oversight during construction, we typically see 20 to 25% and even taught with GSA and I can see why they see 40 plus percent, which is, I can see afterward. But anyway, I believe that we will end up between 8 to 15% with Freeman French and Freeman, the structural mechanical electrical engineers because we watch this closely because it's coming out a lot of our own back in the money. So that's, yeah. So Freeman French and Freeman is the architect that will solve the work and done a very good job. Any clarifying that's for the weather service? Yes. We can take that. Yeah, that's for, well, would you just approve the idea? Yeah, so I'll make sure that the project was. Any questions further, Jeff? Y'all set? I read the question. If so, I'll indicate by saying aye. Aye. Aye. Opposed, no? We've approved that. Next item is financial packaging.  I've joined you now, but I'll return it to Larry for construction report. Do you want me to get in proceed? You may. All right, thank you very much, Chair. So I'll just go over the highlights that I've provided for you in the packet and then you could ask any of them, ask away any questions you may have. So I've just, I've organized it to say, let you know and keep on the forefront how important the stimulus money has been to us and our success in this past year and how it continues to get success in this new year. We were fortunate enough. We have three grants. We have two that we have in hand and we have one that we've been allocated a piece, but we have not received the grant in hand yet from the FAA there is a process, even once they determine the amount till we get the grants. So I just want to keep everybody in the loop in terms of how much money that we've gotten, how much we've spent and how we've spent it. So with the CARES Act, we got, that was $8.7 million. We've drawn down $7.3 million. So we've drawn down a significant, we still have 1.4 million to draw down. Of that $6 million, 6.1, we used to cover operating expenditures in both fiscal year 20. So some of that about 2.3 million, like fiscal year 20, the rest of that went 21. And in addition, we've spent about 1.1, 1,155,000 for local share contributions. So instead of usually our plan is to use PFC revenues to cover our local shares when we have a process which we can apply. Our PFC revenues also were effective. Because of credit and we know that. So we are able to use the CARES Act money has an allowance for us to use it that way. We've been trying to be, as we got additional grant monies, that made sense for us to use it that way. So we are also drawing down, we got the CRISA grant. We received, the grant came about the end of December of 2020, but we received the actual grant award in the spring of 2021. But that is the lattice. I've been able to use that for operating expenditures, to cover operating expenditures again, as we have our passengers continue to go back up or not quite as normal yet, as that would make sense. We're able to use that money to cover expenses. And so that's what we've been doing. And so we have, we've drawn down $2.1 million between in four months time. So February, March, April and May. We are finding that we are having to draw down that amount that we're drawing down is starting to actually get less and less each month. So from where the winter months are heavy on us because we have, we have a lot of winter operation expenses and more overtime and things like that, and more DIC, some things are pretty pricey. But so, and our revenues are starting to, we're seeing an improvement in the revenues in the garage or seeing improvement revenues in the car rental. So I'm having to draw down less on the stimulus money in order to cover our operating expenses. So just, I think this is good news and I'm encouraged. What's the deal with the car rental? What's happening there? What's happening there? I think we have that as an agenda item. Okay. So, Dean. Thank you. I'll go ahead and continue. Okay, but that's excellent. You know, a prelude to order cut. And so then the debt coverage score, now this is because that we're able to draw down is the stimulus money. We are 1.39. So we're not trying to be as aggressive to hit the 1.5. But we'd like to be a healthy and above the 1.25, which is our revenue bond coverage minimum. You've never gone below that 1.25 heavy? Well, the airport did, back in that- Oh, way back. Yeah, way back. But since then. Since then we have not. And it's something that we monitor very, very closely. It's very important to us to make sure that we're healthy. And it's such an important part. As you know, it's not talked about often, but it is something that is looked at in very hard guide regard. So we monitor that closely. Although we won't have to watch that longer, right? Well, it's going to be interesting. What we'll see is we will see in the new year, this year, fiscal 22, we'll see a very high debt coverage score. And that sounds bizarre. We are paying interest only. We're actually not paying it as an escrow with the trustee, but we will recognize it as an expense on our financial. So we will have a coverage score calculation. I thought you said it was going to sense that though, at some point when you calculated it. Well, because everything was an escrow, we're not actually paying anything. And so my initial impression was that we won't even have a debt coverage score. But from an account, I will double check with the auditor, but because we are actually going to record an expense, it's an escrow, but it's still an expense. On the financial statements, we may be required to still calculate it. So it won't be as meaningful because we won't have any principle. So I'll keep you up to date as we come from what we have to do with that. Our year to date revenues, our third bullet, we had, so what I do when I show you that 10 million, 10.1 million dollars, I show you that's what it would have been if we didn't have stimulus money. So we had stimulus money of 6.02 million. Our, just to give you an idea, the first, this is 11 months, this is through May 31st. That was lower compared to the prior year by about $8 million. So just to give you an idea, what happened to our revenues because of the such a steep decrease in traffic here at the airport? So when I just highlight the biggest change of course, the biggest change we saw lower is parking garage. That was $3.4 million. Rental car was a million dollar lower. CFC is about $800,000. PFCs was $1.4 million. Parking fees were 3.4 million dollars less, less than a year before. And we were being compensated for that under cares. Yeah, I'm not compensating my revenues but because I don't have so much revenues that I still have expenses to keep the airport open, I'm able to use the stimulus money to cover those expenses where my revenues are short. I said where my revenues are less. Okay. And so yeah, those, you know, we are seeing that change. And so I'll keep you up to date and it'll be interesting to see how quickly we forecasted conservatively for this year, but we certainly hope that we'll outpace that to be determined, right? Don't want to get too excited and too much ahead of ourselves. Our expenses year to date were $11.7 million. You don't have to get a lottery ticket anymore with all the income coming. Our expenses year to date for the first 11 months were $11.7 million. And because we did really scale back where we could or what we could do to maybe wait a little better a year, we've spent about $1.1 million less in the first 11 months of this year than we did compared to the prior hundred. So we, you know, it made sense where we could to just be responsive and proactive and take away and see where in cases that we could we can and everything. So, you know, the largest reductions we've seen are repairs and maintenance and some of that and equipment repairs. Some of that is we have been, we've been communicating to you that we've been replacing things. We've been proactive about that over the last 10 years because our revenues have been healthy and we've been able to take advantage, been able to replace HVACs, we've been able to replace roofs. We've been able to make preventative repairs and that was, we were able to sort of safely do this without putting safety in jeopardy anyway. We spent less on consultants. Our runway de-icing materials was much less. Some of that just time and temperatures and just conditions. We had, we definitely had savings over a hundred thousand dollars just in that category alone. So, you know, we definitely had salaries and overtime work, we spent less. And the AIP receivable was about $2 million as of June 30th that will look higher when I round up the year. And the reason for that is I'm still getting expenses for work that and construction projects that was completed in June and I'm now getting those bills. And I have to book that. I have to record it in the right time period. So I have to book it back to June. And so that receivable is going to look higher but, you know, we're paying those bills, we're paying them now. But that's how it's going to look when we're done. So our projects are going well and we're being very proactive on getting our reversals back as quickly as possible in the FAA. So we're doing well. We did not have any money owed on the GAM as of the end of June. So we had borrowed on it under the tech project but we were able to go ahead and drive down that money from the FAA we did and we probably would pay the bank. We are working with downtown who's working with Key Bank to renew our GAM for $10 billion. So today they haven't quite signed the paperwork on that but that is in place and we're doing fine. Our cash update as of June 30th, we had $2.8 million in our primary checking account. And so, you know, in May you'll remember this number was higher because in May we paid off the rent of participation notes. And that is going to be a line of credit this year.  You won't be just sitting in our cash and paying interest. I'll only pay interest if I drive down. So we've been doing well and keeping a healthy balance in there. Any questions? I just said one comment. I was looking at the year-to-date budget like for having to do a budget when you guys had to do that, you know, last May and June. Yes, good job. It's a lot of uncertainty that it was out there. You're close on so many lines. So it's really good.  Tremendous amount of time working and reworking and reworking. And our assumptions and revenue were just all over the place trying to be, and then I pulled these two in and we went through every, every line, literally every line, you know, and we really slashed where we could. And I'll attest to that comment too, Tim, because the total unknown at the airline industry, which of course is a domino effect, literally everything that we do here, whether we're talking fuel to selling a book in the bookstore to parking in the parking garage. So I'll attest to Marie's work on that. It was incredibly hard. We're coming back quicker than we're expecting, which is good. So it's gonna be a very interesting year as we continue the recovery and still work with the FAA on some of these, these grant fundings. I'm just gonna add two things to Marie's report. One on the CARES, CURSA, and the American Rescue Grant Funding. They're, excuse me, on the CURSA and the American Rescue Grant Funding, there's a concession relief portion in those grants as well, which will allow Hudson, Skinny, our advertiser are, who else am I missing? Oh, car rental companies to offer them some relief on what they owe us as well, which is gonna be incredibly helpful for specifically some of the local folks here. So Marie's also working on that allocation and spreading that around. And then a big part- Is that separate from the 7. something million that Marie said we're still anticipating? That is included, the 7.8 million, I believe, includes the concession relief funding, which is about $760,000. It's not a majority of it, obviously. Correct, it's still received by the airport, but it's an offer to the concessionaires that they don't have to remit those payments to us. I hope that answers that question there, Jeff. And then on a larger project, I think you've heard of PFCs many times in the past. Marie is also with the rest of us, Larry, but a big part of that as well, working on a new application for PFC projects, which we're still going through the project list and working with our consultants. That's gonna be an important piece because as we extend the terminal, as new grants come, as Marie just announced, even though some of these past grants have been 100% funded, it's not always gonna be that way. So PFC is a very big part of that conversation. In fact, it's at least 6% of the conversation of those big grants, as well as new additions like jet bridges or snow removal equipment. Those are gonna be incredibly important and you'll see those in future airport commission meetings for PFC as well. That's the only two additions. That's awesome. That's it? Could I just follow up, Marie? So with that $7 million that we're still anticipating, it seems like there's a little bit of an additional cushion as we ramp back up. Obviously the equation I'm sure you're weighing in your head is how quickly will our revenue streams ramp versus utilizing that, the grant money to bridge whatever gap there is. Can you give us any insight into that sort of equation? Like, are revenues gonna return to pre-pandemic levels soon enough so that we don't have that gap between when the grant money runs out and our revenue returns to normal? I'm happy to take a stab at that. And the easy answer for me is to say, I believe that we will be able to, I'm gonna say stretch this. We have four years from the time we get the grants to spend them. And so it sort of builds into this that we have some opportunity if there's some vulnerability and uncertainty with what's going on. We don't really know right now things are ramping up here. We've got traffic coming back, rates. We're seeing our revenues go up, but there could be some more wrinkles and nobody can really tell us that. So with that said, we've approximated this year what we think we're gonna get in revenues and we budgeted it, but we haven't budgeted all of that stimulus money this year. We think we're not going to need all of it this year. So it just gets to carry over and we get to carry it forward up to four years and pull entire grants. So it's not like we only have 18 months or 12 months to spend down that grant money. It's not like you got it or you lose it. So the win-win for us is to be able to use this over time as our revenues. If it takes two years to go, we don't really know how long it will take to get back to the levels we were. What is that going to be? Is that gonna be 18 months, two years, three years? We've made some smart conservative assumptions and we hope we can outpace that, but we're not gonna put all of our eggs in the basket before we get there. Because I can't do that. I have to be a little bit, I have to be conservative, but I have to be as realistic as I can be. So I hope that answers your question. I think that grant money is going to serve us well. I think it will serve us well into 22 and into 23. Oh, is that, Jeff? Yeah, that's helpful. Thank you. And just for reference, for our reference, like I don't know if the books are done in June, but like how would June revenue you think compare to, so June 21 compared to June of 19? Do you have a sense of that? I'm starting to get a sense of it. Numbers are still coming in for me. I don't have 100% reporting from the car rental revenues. I'm seeing probably about 65 to 70% of car rental revenues that I saw in June of 19 for this year, but not all report is in. Car rentals, I was seeing about a little bit more than 70% of June car rentals compared to two years ago. So what I do is last year is meaningless for me to compare to. I just looks great, there's quite an uptick, right? But I'm really comparing the two years ago to see where we're coming. And we forecasted using a number of what we thought was reasonable about 65% of revenues for the private garage and for car rental concessions for this year, 22. That is what we use. So if I'm anything above that, consistently, I will be very happy. And that's also consistent with our in-plainant numbers to that 60 to 75% number. So it's a good trend to follow both on the revenue side and of course on the in-plane passenger side. Ian, as we start offering new flights, we're actually offering more flights than we did in 2019. Once LaGuardia comes back, Dallas, Fort Worth has started, Boston has started and Miami is starting in the fall. So that should also help this equation very consistently throughout the year. What's that? Right. Mr. Chairman, I just want to announce to you that you have Mayor Lott and Commissioner Reed who's on the line. Oh, okay. Helen and Mayor, welcome. Okay. Any further discussion of Reed's report? Okay, without objection, we'll accept that and place it on file. Thank you, Reed. Good job. Next item is construction update. Larry Reed emerges. We are. Quick question for you. When we left here last, Gene was concerned that I might be spending a lot more time than I needed to for what you wanted to hear during a meeting. So I committed revamping this report once we received the aerial photo, which we did just did as able to sneak it in the back of this. So I want to make sure I'm getting the airport commission what they want to hear. So if you want to give me feedback on how much you want to hear or what I'm telling you is too much, just let me know. Cause I can go out there. We, you know, since I've been here, there's been between, you can ask Nick between $50 and $100 million worth of projects on the table at different cases at a time. So there's a lot of work, there's a lot to report. So I want to give you what you want to hear. See, so I'm just going to go through the way I've been doing it and if you want to give me feedback on you want less or more.  So, so you Well, my own feedback right now is I don't really care about runways. I'm concerned about dollar amount. Like, if you have $5 million for runways, I don't care if it's G or H or K or 319. Okay. That's just my viewpoint. I don't know about the rest of it. Okay. So I can, I can go through the dollars. Oh, we are, we are with all these projects. Whenever you ask for, I can present it that way and tell you where we're at. So I'll do my best to do that today. Oh, you just mentioned it. And Larry, I think you do a great job. Yeah. I think, you know, the one thing is, you know, we're not as immersed in the operation of the airport. So also explaining like why we're doing some of these since right time to time. We're doing it. Okay. All right, well, I'll go away. I'll make it as quick as possible. It'd be a thorough answer to your question. So basically everybody's aware we've been over this apron work. We totally redone the apron over the last several years. We're in the middle of the main overnight area, which is what we're calling grant area phase seven. Last year we received a portion of the $9 million we asked for to do what we're calling seven dash one. We're waiting for and expect both discretionary and entitlement money for the balance of this two and a half million to nine million or about what's a five and a half million or six million, it's close to six million all together that we're going to receive this year to finish the remaining overnight apron area between this year and next year construction. So these are pictures of seven dash one under construction, just some kind, you know, conduit being encased. You can see the new fence with the beta construction, you know, on the old North Hangar, right next door with that. So basically we anticipate we're going to get discretionary this year to finish this remain overnight grant. So thank you a lot. And incredibly important to the future. So as I just mentioned, all of these new airlines bringing in new flights, we are right now 95% full overnight on our terminal ramp, meaning, meaning aircraft fill all of our positions right now. This area specifically will allow that Miami flight to park the plane overnight, even though it's just once a week we're hoping that it's going to be more than that. So this is an incredibly important position to make sure that each airline has the space state. How many more planes can park over there? Just one. There's about four to five planes that we can put in there. Of course, they're not going to be attached to the terminal but they can, they can pull them forward with their equipment. Basically, and the next week this will be finished. And if you remember, we skipped over a six A because of how we had to maneuver airplanes to get in to the gate. So this will be finished next week and we'll move into a small portion, which is six A and that'll be finished by September. And we're going to attempt to start once we get to grant more of seven this year. But we're not sure if we are yet or not because of some of the pricing because of the current situation or might be better to wait until just start in the spring. So we're moving this forward. We're hoping for the grant for the remainder of seven. Tax away G phase two is complete. Final payments and closeout is in line. Master plan has been reviewed by the FAA and we're going back and forth to our consultant and the FAA to finalize the airport layout plan and have the final master plan. Nick, I don't know if you want to add anything to that. No, I mean, that's been a two and a half year process that we're excited to actually close it up and finish it up. There's still some review periods for the FAA at this point but ultimately it's completed. So my understanding that probably we've actually received comments from the FAA. We've received some comments but what happens now is a map which is called our airport layout plan which literally has every future development, every change to the airfield that we've talked about through this old master planning process. That goes to the FAA, all of their lines of all of their departments. So it goes to air traffic control. It goes to the airport district office, goes to the flight standards office and then we receive additional comments for the final approval of that airport layout plan. And so far we haven't got any comments. Wow, we weren't expecting that. No, and the reason for that is because the FAA has been with us at every step of the way. So if there's something that was a skew on a regulation or something that needed to match this particular planning process of the FAA's protocols, we changed it right then and there. The terminal integration project, everybody knows it's about a 16 and a half million dollar project which is 90% funneled by the FAA. We have received a decision from the city of South Burlington, the appeal period ends on April, I'm sorry, August 9th. We anticipate immediate issuance of zoning permit and all our other permits will act 250 and store a lot of water will be in place by then. So we can anticipate and look forward to a ground breaking ceremony sometime in mid-August halfway between when I thought it would start and when it would start. Closer to when I- Closer to when I- Yeah, that's now to be a little bit closer to then. But we were driving for even better but we've done it real well with it. Security system upgrade, that was a $1.2 million project. That's ongoing and coming closer to completion. Equipment is basically in cameras, hardware, software, all that and they're wrapping up, I think maybe another month, Nick, what do you think? Can you say more about that? Yeah, I think so, yeah, about a month. In my bag of screen, we did receive the agreement from the TSA and we've signed it, we've sent it back to them for final execution and we will start the preliminary design which will tell us what this thing's got to cost so we can decide how we move forward because there's certain costs will be ours and certain costs will be TSAs and we'll have to be able to look forward what we can do to move it forward and TSA will have to be able to look forward so at certain points there'll be drop offs if we all of a sudden say, we don't have the money to do this now or reconfigure and do something a little bit different. So, but it's a $635,000 grant agreement that they will give us just for engineering. Chamberlain School, HVAC, that project is about a $1.6 million project. It's underway. You can see some of the piping going in, Dr. Merck, I'm sorry. And that's going very smoothly. We've had some change orders back and forth, some credits and some additions that were close to even on that and we also did very well on the bidding so it came in way under what we had. It was based on estimate the grants so we had like a million extra dollars in there that they want back. So that's where we are with Chamberlain School. And timing of completion is on track? Yeah, August 21st is the deadline. There was submissions for the equipment, similar situation with backlog. So we've had some increased costs and we have to blow air in with some temporary fans so the outside equipment comes a few weeks after school starts. So there has been some impact. And those fans are going to cost us money and I received lessons from the FAA today on that. So sound inflation pilot program, we're waiting on the grant. We're stepping forward though with the consultant to get that going. And we anticipate hopefully grants in the next couple of weeks to get that 10 homes done and start reaching out to the other 50 homes. That project got a blank on the dollars bill on that one. Hotspot remediation project. FAA had us to break this in three projects. All projects totaled about three, three and a half million dollars. We anticipated grant for the first two parts which is garden lights, markings, and repaying XOA Charlie Brooklynway 119 back to the cargo apron. And those two together are about 1.8 million dollars. We just received bits for the third part which is taxiway QO. This bit came in about 1.2 million for that taxiway which is about 300,000 under engineers estimate. So we're not good about that because of the question of price we had going on. We had two bidders on that project. But we anticipate grant for the first two parts. We're going to move that forward this year if we can. Number 11, I've already explained that's what we, what you both approved. Noise monitoring equipment. Chamberlain school was the basis place today. Winooski, the base will be placed tomorrow over the next several days. All the equipment will be a place in those two locations. The Williston monitoring system is in our storage as we work out the easement for where we end up putting it. So that's moving forward. So you said Mayor Lara was on, you'll be seeing people there tomorrow and in your parking lot working on that. And then finally, the glycol system upgrade I'm working right now with the FAA to see if there'll be something we can, we have to go for our CIP process with the FAA and we've scheduled that in two weeks to identify what our needs are for next year in the following years and reconfigure them that suits us and what the FAA has for money. This is not the greatest photo as it's shown. There is a bad one, but we did receive the full parallel aerial photos from the finished taxiway golf and you can see all the nice apron and we have a complete parallel taxiway. We just threw some, I just threw some numbers and letters on your bill. I know you don't care about them. So. Of course you don't know that. So we do have this. Redacted. So it finally came in and it feels good to see all the work we've done. And, you know, so that's all I got. Any questions? Let me just comment on my comment on runways. Yeah. I don't mean to minimize that because that's a significant amount of contribution to the economy of the area. Don't want to minimize that at all. It still should be, I think we would welcome that information, but one, one, three. Any questions of Jeff or Jim? Any questions? Okay, good job. Thank you. We'll accept that and place it on file. Without objection. Noise feedback list. And you'll accept that. So we added the unique list of unique addresses. We're going to be having a bit of technical difficulties right now. So of course I can't beam up the Google Map that I can show our commissioners here. This is just what it looks, the data points that I've already, we put on that unique address list. This is just what it looks like on the map. So slightly similar to the last few months we had quite a few less calls this month for some reason. I was having quite a few. We had a few less calls. Yeah. So there's more in the western area, excuse me, maybe when you scare area and a couple more in Wellington, but still similar amount of that at New York Island. So this is probably, sorry. No, no. This is probably the last time that we're going to use this format with the new noise monitors going in place like Larry was mentioning, the background or the website that those are attached to is also going to come online as well, which is going to have the ability to show Ian for the public to submit noise complaints directly into that system. So all of that data is now available and we can display heat maps, all sorts of information directly on a map that's similar to that, but it's going to be directly associated with our noise monitoring system. So it's going to be much more automated, much more streamlined for not only a member of the public to go to, but for us to show you in the future. Well, my comment was, I think, that's right, was I'd like to see a map of where these are coming from. I mean, that list is fine, but I have to look to see if four, two, three, North End, we're going to see Wilson. That kind of thing is, I have to put my mind where these complaints could, so if you're going to generate a map, that tells the whole story of one look. So I'm glad to hear that. So starting next month, that will be exactly what we're looking for. I hope the next month, yeah. Well, we're on the right track. We're on the right track. And what's really incredible about this is one, it will require somebody to enter their address as they submit this online form, but it really will help us identify those heat areas, right? The heat map and possibly talk to Air Traffic Control or the Air National Guard or our airlines and come up with a solution, whether that's a noise departure procedure which we do not have right now, but that map is going to be incredibly important. So if there's one clump or one area that truly does have unique complaints in there, now we can start analyzing this a little bit more methodically than we have been in the past. Good, thanks, Colin. Yep. Any questions you've had? Okay, thank you, except if we saw a final look forward to the new system, if and when we get to know it. When, when. Okay, next item is reconsideration of the procedure rules. Now, I think all the commissioners received that. Jeff, did you get your copy of that procedure rule? Okay, and Tim, so I don't know if you have any questions now, but this, we have followed, we've had this since a few years ago and not really followed it, but it's my intent to follow it with some modifications that we'll talk about later, but do you have any questions or comments about this so that we can bring it up for a vote for our next meeting? Any questions from Jim, Jeff, Helen? And, okay, hearing none, then we'll put this on the agenda for our next meeting. As an action item. As an action item, yes. Helen, do you have some input that you want to share? Are you there? Okay. All right, I'm sorry, Bill, I had trouble following this and I actually had a question going back and I couldn't seem to get in. I had a question about the noise monitoring. Is it okay if we go back to that? Yes, you may. Thank you. And my question is, I know now lots of South Burlington residents give their complaint through the National Guard. So my question is with this new sound monitoring, that won't become necessary so that the total volume of complaints might be directed to one place. Is that right? That's a great question, Helen. We are working with the International Guard on collaboratively putting together something for the public to either enter or call into. Unfortunately, they have their own. Federal process that they are following and they have to set up their own system, which right now is a phone line and I believe an email address. So it will still continue to be a hybrid, if you will, where some complaints will go into our noise monitoring online portal and some, if not the majority, of military complaints will still go to the International Guard. So they still will be separated system. However, the online portal, in my opinion, is going to be somewhat easier to access. So I think we're going to see more, more total complaints going through that portal. That's just a complete assumption on my question. That's just a complete assumption on my part, but I believe that that may be the case. Okay. Well, I think that sort of helps to address some of Bill's concerns. When you want to know where the complaints are, you're really only seeing part of them. So at some point you see all of them. So it's a much more accurate depiction of whatever complaints there are. So, and maybe I misheard this, but it's fine. Did I hear that residents of South Burlington were encouraged to contact the Guard and not the airport with regard to noise complaints related to military aircraft? Correct. Is there a reason why that was set up that way? Yeah, so really the F-35s, similar to the airline, really any user of the airport, we don't have direct control of where they're flying, right? Once they're out into the airfield environment and certainly into the airspace, it's completely outside of this airport's control. One of the pieces that we can control are these noise departure procedures, which is why I mentioned it earlier. The reason that not only the air guards system that they have in place is being encouraged is because they do have control and they are able to respond quicker on what that particular situation may be, whether it was one of their F-35s or a different aircraft, military, or whether there was a unique circumstance of why that plane was over that particular area. We would never be able to answer those questions without going through many, many trials. So this may be a challenging question for you to answer. Where would, if a resident of South Burlington had a concern about airport noise, where do you think it would be more effectively heard? Would it be at the airport or with the Guard? It's a great question. Probably a little bit of both. So the Air Force would be able to control the operation of that particular aircraft and the procedures behind that aircraft, no different than an airline or general aviation plane. As far as the procedures related to departing or arriving at the airport, that really is in the realm of the airport and with air traffic or with the FAA. And that's where it could be a critical piece to this data collection for us to start analyzing these pieces, as well as the noise exposure map. While we can't use the noise monitor data for those noise exposure maps, we certainly use some of the information in the radar data that we collect inside this portal to eventually produce a new noise exposure map. So that information is all important. So it is a difficult question because I think it is, both entities can be helpful. One, the Air Force can answer the direct questions to the airport and start analyzing the larger picture. Because the reason I ask that is when we put up this new website, it's going to have all this data, it's also the opportunity to say to the public, hey, if you have a complaint about noise, this is where it should go. Yes. So if we want to get more data in-house, so that's out broken, represent on the map, we can angle it that way when we unveil it. But at the same time, if it's good that the guard gets that data too, we don't want to suddenly not get data. Right. So that's very true. Helen, are you all set? I am. Thank you very much. Okay. All right. Next item is the acting director's report.  Interim. Interim director. Yeah. So let me address the elephant in a room, I guess on that. Chairman Kehoe, you said it earlier when you accepted the chairman position, you take it very seriously. I've talked with all of the airport staff and mentioned this many times, lots of things happening in the background that I won't be able to speak about, but I too take this very seriously. And I hope, and I appreciate all of your support as we, as we transition and with, with sub mission, which has not changed. So everything that Larry, Marie, Shelby and our reporting on is the same that we'll continue to do and we'll continue to do it really well as we have been for a long time. So I just, I want to make sure that you know that the public knows that our mission comes first and we have had, and we'll continue to have an amazing team. Even outside of this room that you have not met. And maybe you will meet in the future. First things first, that's the big piece. You've got our support. Thank you guys. Thank you. Thank you. Just wanted to touch base quickly on some of the projects that Larry mentioned.  He's doing an incredible job. I'm not sure if I want to take over. Because when you ask it out of the price, 10 costs. Thank you. I want to get up here. Can I just go through this real quick? Yeah. So some of the, some of the things that Larry brought up of the terminal apron, the beta project, which you hinted on in the pictures and the terminal expansion project to the south, those three items are incredibly important. Larry is doing an amazing job managing that system. You're going to see, start seeing a lot of changes within this terminal over the next 12 months. And that terminal expansion. And as we kick that off, things are going to start changing quite a bit. And we're incredibly excited to get that moving forward. As I talked about time and time again tonight, lots of things changing with the airline industry, with the passengers. So we really need to be prepared with that new security checkpoint. Huge part of what we're doing in the next 12, 12 to 24 months, beta to a lot of conversations happening with beta, huge expansion happening on their hanger right now. And as you drive out or onto airport drive, you'll see those huge columns and three-story building attached to that hanger. We are incredibly lucky to continue to work with them. They're doing an amazing job and we'll continue. So we'll, again, we are starting some negotiations with them right now on future development and future lease areas of the airport. And we'll bring those forward as soon as we can, when the time is right. Planning for the future. So lots of things happening in the background. Another huge part of Larry's job here is our capital plan with the FAA. He presented a lot of current construction. He's constantly working on the next piece of construction for next year and the year after. I'd like to start presenting that to you a little bit so you can see from a financial perspective and the sheer quantity of what we're looking at in the future. It's pretty amazing. That's all being pulled out of the master plan. That's the whole reason why we have that master plan. So I want to make sure that you're aware of that. Lots of things happening to make sure that we're applying and consistently applying for federal funds. Airport staffing. Just wanted to again quickly mention the crew behind the scenes. Some departments are a little bit low staffed right now. One of the critical pieces is that airport operations department. Right now we're down very low. We have a very strong team. But we are very low on number of employees. I'm happy to say that right after this meeting, I'm going to make an offer for one more. Airport operations specialist. And we're going to be, we're going to be back on track to where we should be as far as the number of staffing specifically for that. Who do you have for an interview team on that issue? No, no, no, no, no. It's never just me. So I have Shelby and I have in airport operations specialist and also a union representative at those, at those meetings. AAAE or the American Association of Airport Executives. The acronym AAAE. We're holding a conference August 14th, 15th. Sorry, August 16th, 17th and 18th in Burlington. So I think we're expecting about 200 to 250 airport executives from the Northeast region and beyond. To be hosted right here. We're the host of that conference. It's going to be downtown at the Hilton. Shelby, Hannah, Aaron, Desatel have been instrumental in the planning process of that. And we're going to be hosting tours. We're going to be hosting tours with partnership with Beta. Lots of exciting things and a lot of great feedback that we can get from colleagues at other airports. It's really nice to have it right here at this airport too. Super excited about that. Now, whoa. Could we be invited to some of those settings? Yes. You can say no. Absolutely. You can say no. Well, should you have the full agenda so you have an idea? I mean, it might be something two o'clock in the afternoon that I can't play golf. So we're going to be there. Well, there is a golf tournament too. Whoa. Wait. Oh, wait. Yeah, absolutely. We can send out the agenda and share your part of that. Absolutely. We just walk in and walk out. Yeah. No, that's a great thought. I think it's important that we get involved in something other than burling the pretty concerned about that, but continue. Yeah. Yeah, I like that a lot. And the final piece. This has been a very stressful week. I think with all of us. I'm not withstanding some of the side pieces here. We just completed our annual FAA inspection, which occurred over the last three days. We had two safety inspectors here from the New England region. While I don't have the official results yet. It went really well. There's a lot of little pieces here and there that they had recommendations for us on whether we're talking to, we're talking details here. We're talking is a line painted within an inch of a compliance. So that's, that's what this inspection is all about. But it goes through everything from line tracking to condition of the pavement to the fuel farm and the condition of heritage is fuel tanks and how they deliver to that inspection to our training records. We're training the employees appropriately. Making sure that we have the correct resources to essentially make sure that air carrier operations can operate safely. The answer to that question is yes, we are. So it was a very detailed long inspection. They just left at about lunchtime today. And I'm hoping for those results back later today and very minor things. Nothing that would surprise me that came out of that situation. Incredibly happy. And honestly proud of not only these folks in here, but airport operations and the maintenance team in particular. They're a critical role. I'm going to train you do that. So it's extensive. So every month I hold a monthly training would specifically with the airport operations. So everything's every month is different. Every month we have this month happens to be pedestrian and ground vehicle operations. So what do those lines mean? Who can operate where? How do you communicate with air traffic control? Every little detail and how to monitor other drivers on that airfield. Every person that enters our airfield are under our direct control. So we need to make sure that one, we're training our staff correctly, because if they find themselves in a position they're not supposed to be in. We could have a violation, but more importantly, that's a safety issue right off the bat. We're just for security issue. Is he a good instructor? I love teaching and a lot of the crew in the operations department is very, very knowledgeable as they should be. Yeah. And that's it. Thank you. I have two questions. I have two. Are you finding that it's challenging to find people? It's not like we're trying to be conservative. It's bouncing back. So this operation specialist position that I'm hoping to make an offer this afternoon, we posted three times. So it's taken about a month and a half, and we're trying to find people. And not only finding people, finding the, the qualified person, but making an offer immediately. Because more often than not, I think I've made offers. 48 hours after interviews. And they've said, sorry, another airport's already picked me up or sorry, another entity has picked me up. So it's very, very fast market right now for the job. Which makes it difficult. I, we do have a second operations position. So we're going to have to make sure that we're moving quickly. And we're going to have to make sure that we're moving quickly. Right now we're advertising that nationally. And I think I've gotten. 12 applications so far. And I'm expecting probably triple that back. But again, we have to make sure we're moving quickly because. I also see many other airports, not only in the Northeast, but around the country that are posting very similar positions. We also have many ambassador positions open. And I don't think we have any maintenance position. Yeah. A lot of ambassadors. Yeah. But we are hiring it at the airport for sure. And quickly. And how many positions would you say you're short of where you'd like to be? If you had all the departments together. I can't speak for ambassadors, but for operations as if I can hire two more people, we're going to be in a normal scheduling position and a normal staff position. Six. The six ambassadors. Yeah. And the ambassadors are more than just ambassadors there. Our frontline, not only greeters customer service agents, but security agents as well. They play a vital part with TSA with our security checkpoints in our exit lanes. So they're a huge part of the security aspect of the airport. What do you train them in? What topic do you deal with, with your ambassadors and training? Well, our customer service, a lot of TSA collaboration. So on detection, visual site detection, and then a lot of the fire, fire safety terminal stuff. Okay. And as well as the exit door training, which is more than just standing by a door. It's making sure that the flow of traffic is correct. And people that should be are not entering the wrong way. So they pretty much doing the TSA federal regulations, helping us abide by them. Okay. To put it in perspective, if that position at the exit lane specifically, if that position was not, did not have a person there, we would have to empty our entire terminal and rescreen everybody before they can get onto an aircraft. That's how incredibly important it is. Remember that time they want to put a camera there. TSA wouldn't let you do it. Let us do it. We're trying to design this new security checkpoint so that we can eliminate some of this because not necessarily the position, but make it more efficient. Okay. And then the second thing I have to go ahead. I'm sorry. It's mine and everything else. Last year. This is walking over through the message. And I saw a video and I'm like, is that a hundred year video? And I'm just curious if that ever got finished. And if we can see it. Yeah. It is an awesome video. It looked great. The previous. Yeah. It is completed. It's 100% completed. Last year we were going to do a lot of this advertising and the hundred year history stuff and monthly, monthly things. The AAAE conference is going to be a big part of this new 100 year or 101 year history now. But yeah, we'll send you the link that you took great for you. I'm happy to do that. Thank you. I think you'll like it. No, I really do like it. I'm also a thank you know, Helen, you have any comments of Nick? Jeff show me any comments. Okay. Hearing that we will end that item. Thank you. Good. Good report. Thank you. Next time. Is a cruise is items. Bill, can I clarify that one. All right. So. And I told you that. It was about 50, 50 for the cost. it was being reimbursed to us over 10 years. $370,000 of that is being reimbursed over 10 years. They're giving us $200,000 to make up the difference for that half amount of money. So if you're up tonight reading this GSA agreement, you'll see what I said doesn't bounce, but it does bounce and I just have to work with Marie on how we receive that $200,000 independent of our shell costs and our costs from the agreement that we're getting reimbursed for. So I just want to make sure you understand that. Thanks for the phone. Okay, yeah. Okay, on to Commissioner's items. Don, anything you want to talk about contract or have something else? I don't have anything. Okay, you and I had a discussion about contracts and we had a discussion about airport contracts and we had discussion about should the contract itself be included in the documentation of the agenda? Okay. And my sense was it's probably a question for the city attorney, not so much. Well, first of all, I think your basic premise is that if we vote on a contract, contract ought to be there anyway, whether we want to read it or not. Okay, so what has happened and you can correct me is my impression that airport develops contract. I assume part of the deal to develop the contract includes attorney's fees. So an attorney looks at that particular contract then forward this to us. And then that goes to the city attorney who looks for legal issues to deal with. And then it goes to the council. Is that? Essentially in the past, let's say two years I think we rarely use outside council. So a lot of it came directly working with the city attorney's office on developing that contract. But when does that happen? Before it comes to us or after or both? Sometimes as it comes to you, like in these particular cases right here, we don't, maybe a year, year and a half ago we were advised that we did not need to put the contracts on this and only the memo with either the resolution or the motion we want it to be. I want to order. Yeah, and we don't do that with the board of finance or city council either. They're not on those, in my correct answer, those contracts are not on there. That's why too on every single one of our motions at the very end, it says subject to the review and approval of the city attorneys. But to your point, I see what you're saying. But I can believe the city council doesn't get a copy of the contract. Oh, that's surprising. The council never did that. We have procedures that we follow. We have a checklist that we have to put in. We have a memo that has to be approved not only by city attorneys office, but ourselves as well, as well as supporting materials, but the contract is usually not part of that. Well, I don't know. We can change that. We can, we can, I don't think that's going to be a big deal. Really? Because the contract is part of the contract. Because sometimes the reader, it depends on what it is.  But there might be something that, and I hate to give a blanket, no, none, right? Because it may be one or two that slips by and then we get some publicity on it and then we're, we got mud on our face because we didn't do diligence at our job. Right. And I think that was the perspective of the city attorney's office is the contract itself, the language itself is not necessarily the final approval, regardless of this commission, but it's, it's the city attorney. Is it fine? Absolutely. There should be. Okay. All right. Okay. Anything else? Anything else from anybody? Okay. Let's move to some follow-up items. And I think item 12.01 is my item. I think we can leave that on there. We can sort of discuss the new system. We'll leave that on there. Okay. I think the question is built. Do you still want to pursue the data that is going to the guard or are you comfortable letting that go? Well, we'll just leave that in there. As a reminder to stay on top of that, that's basically, so I can't really answer your question directly, but I think we're headed in the right direction, Matt. Okay. Carl Reynolds, who brought that up? This was Jeff Shulman. Oh, Jeff Shulman, you're there. Yeah, I'm here. Okay. I'd be interested just kind of an update on how that's going. And maybe it's, it was somewhat covered when Marie and Nick talked about the stimulus money, being able to help support the concessionaires, but any update on car rentals in general? Yeah. In fact, Marie and outside counsel from McNeil-Leddy Sheehan's office, we're at a meeting earlier today with the car rental companies. Right now though, there is an open, or there will be a new, excuse me, there will be a continuation of the RFP process. So there is no necessarily direct negotiations happening now until we can confirm at a mandatory pre-bid meeting that the incumbent car rental companies are the only ones in fact interested in qualified. That's a big part of this, qualified to be represented at this airport. Of course, these are worldwide brands that we're talking about here, but every now and again, there's smaller brands that may be interested. So we're going through the public process and making sure that it's fair and open to everybody. Once that mandatory pre-bid meeting is completed, which we're shooting for, I think, second week of August, first week of August, then we can confirm who is interested in qualified and continue with the negotiations if needed. We're hoping for a October 1st conclusion to this car rental negotiation. And not an amendment, but a new contract, a concession contract with car rental companies, which also will include the lease agreement to the new quick turnaround facility as well. Okay, Jeff, you're all set on that? All set, thank you. Okay. And would you like to have an update on that next month as well or are you complete on this? Yeah, please keep on the agenda. Great. Keep it on, okay. Public waitin' all just leave that on the agenda and we have subsequent plans. We do. So there's work that's happened in the last month on the agenda. Okay, great. Meeting places is your item, Jeff, do you want to? Yes. I have a comment on that. Comment away. Well, to change a meeting site is extremely difficult for a lot of reasons. It's well-published that we meet here at the airport on the third Wednesday of the month. The public knows that, it's on the website, it's in board docs and everything. And to move it elsewhere out of this place would be very challenging. If we went to any place, you have to post for the meeting here where the meeting is that now we're meeting at beta. Beta would have to have public access. Beta might not want had public access. So you're running to all those issues that the host for an alternate meeting site is not as cooperative as it might be. So it's a hell of a lot easier to stay right here. Grant, I think we should have another visit over beta sometime, but I have the same meeting outside this place has a lot of drawbacks to it. But I don't know if you, how you want to comment on that. Those are all valid points. I mean, the purpose of that really was for all of us to become more informed in the operations at the airport. And if there's a way to do that, short of having a commission meeting at another spot, I would be receptive. There is a way, there is a way to go quorum. Okay, anything else? Anything else from the audience on the commission? Move to adjourn. Second that motion. So motion to adjourn, any discussion? Seeing none, all in favor, six, seven, say aye. Aye, I'll oppose no. We are adjourned. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you everyone.


Welcome to the NPTEL course on remote sensing and GIS for rural development. This is week 12, lecture 3. We are concluding our lecture series by showing some applications and links to data that you could use quickly for specific concepts. One such concept that we will be looking in today's lecture will be the use of remote sensing for rural development case studies as in water quality. I have always said that water quality is not given as much as importance as water quantity has been given, which is a concern because you cannot use bad water, water may be available but it is unusable. For example, while I was working along the Ganges borders and rivers in the Nepal region, I could see a lot of water black in color, then it confluence into streams and rivers and then came into the Ganges. So Ganges is huge, maybe a lot of water comes and the pollution is not seen. But upstream where the water comes, there is a lot of pollution and there people are not using that water and using spring water for drinking. So it is as important to monitor the water quality and as the water quantity is monitored and measured. However, that could be itself by a course. So I will just introduce where you could get data and how you could get data and how remote sensing can fill the gap of data limitedness. First of all, we will be using the WRIS website by the government of India where initially as I said when I was studying and doing my PhD, these data were very, very difficult to get because this dashboard was not available. Right now the government has made it publicly available and is happy to share this data to everyone so that they can use. So we could also open it and then showcase how we could get the data online. So now you could see that I have clicked India WRIS home and in the home you could go to WRIS data. Come down to groundwater, first let us look at groundwater. There is not much issues in terms of getting the level behavior which we have seen already. But let us do surface water first because that is what we are going to do here. What do you mean surface water is? Water body like lake, pond and rivers are called surface water. So let this populate. It does take a little bit time based on the internet and also the data available and you can see slowly the data points populating for the entire India. So you can see here the numbers are coming up. It is still populating and then it is. So 3649 stations have been monitored and in the last 10 years, acquisition of 3610. For a country as big as India, we should have more. But again, as I said, it is not expensive to monitor and maintain and also to collect data. So installation is expensive, collection is expensive and maintaining the data is also expensive. Like water quantity, water quality involves chemical labs and setups to test the data. And that is where it becomes a little bit harder on the government's pocket to monitor. So here we have entire India, you could see that the whole of India, you could see the number of stations is 3649, you can come down and see that what are the major parameters that have been taken, pH, electrical conductivity, sodium, observation ratio, and nitrates and total dissolved solids. These are kind of very rudimentary in terms of starting. But when you go and look at the wells, you'll see multiple other parameters because just these monitoring is just very less. So it's not like only these parameters are measured. They're putting the main physical quality measurements, but we'll see how the data comes up. The background is creating a lot of internet issues because of speed and loading. So for that, let's go down here and you can see the base map. I'm just going to click on the base map and take streets. Streets is just a normal image. It doesn't take that much. So now you can see that it moves very freely and it doesn't get stuck. It's not my internet. It is there itself that is happening. So you could come here and then the layer list is there. So you can see that there's a lot of layers you would like to see, the boundaries, service monitoring stations, which is all on, and you could go to unit-wise selection. So you can particularly look at a state. So if you click all the sources, you can see what are the data they have. So normally, the water quality is monitored by two agencies. One is the central agency, which is the CPCB, Central Pollution Control Board, and then the state agencies. The Central Water Commission may also have some stations, which is a CWC, but again, CPCB has a mandate to monitor. And some state agencies, as mentioned here, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttarakhand, have their own boards that are monitoring. This is concerning because it's not that much data. So all that many states represented, given the number of states India has, we can only see around four or five, one, two, three, four, five states. They're not the big ones, so all are the same. Either they're not putting it on the dashboard or they're not fully connecting the data. So let's take agency all, and then maybe we could see Gujarat, because I'm going to show you the paper from Gujarat. So now you can see it launching. So Gujarat and Rajasthan are very, very important to be monitored for water quality. Why? Because there's a lot of water quality issues in these two regions. Arsenic you see in the Ganges Belt, but here you see a lot of iron, chloride, a lot of factory pollutants leaching into the water. So it is very, very important for monitoring these data sets. And for sure, this cannot be true. It cannot have a station outside of India. So this is sometimes an issue with the data set. We can just quickly see what data set this is. If you click it, you will have it here coming up. Let me see how Gujarat is coming. So Gujarat is coming up, the data set. And while the Gujarat is getting populated, we can say, like, which district you want, let's keep all districts. I'm going to go to Dakhot anyway, and you can click Dakhot. So this data was used actually for the paper. So that's why I'm going to go and show you. And then you can see yearly and you can say which date to which date. If you click on this button, it will move on the number of dates. You'll see that the date goes to 1939, and it just keeps on going. No, we did not have such long data. It's just not there. So I think it's 1980s, 1990s is a good number. And then I can keep it when you do yearly, because 2023 is still going on. So you have 1990, yes, for sure. But number of stations is almost 0, 0, 0, 0, 0. And some stations are populating up. So number of stations monitored in Dakhot is 0. So please note this point. In Dakhot, there is 0 stations monitored, which is where I said a lot of lift irrigation and projects are done. But we can keep Gujarat, you can just click on Gujarat. It will go back to Gujarat. Or we can just update this as all districts. So all the districts are coming up. And I'm just going to do the same thing here, 1990, 2022. And it will auto-populate. There's no summit button. It will auto-populate. And you can see that the 0, 0, 0 stations, one station. And then 15 stations are growing up. And then we have a good number of stations around 2017 onwards. So the last four, five years, they are monitoring a lot. And you could see that which districts having more stations are mapped here. And for sure, we don't have stations in Dakhot. But the 117 stations are there, which is pretty good. And you can click this to see full chat and other things. And what are the parameters? The parameters are not full here. You'll need to click on a particular data set to look at it. So we know that this region, cuts region, has a lot of salt content which is coming up. And a lot of salt precipitation happens. So we can leave this and not much agriculture happens, but we can just take something in the center and randomly selecting.  We'll come back here when we do the paper analysis. So you can see here, these are the wells. In this particular, we can just zoom in a bit and click on a particular well. Yeah. So here we have Moonsagar Lake of Mirmangam. And it's a lake data. You can see that lake data. And then you can see if you want to see the station data, you can click on the station itself. And it will start to populate. We can actually look into the number of data products. And in each station, you can look at. So now what I would do is we'll go into the paper to see why and how many data sets we have. OK, let's say Vadodara. We can click on Vadodara. Now eight stations are coming up. And in these eight stations, where do you want to look at? So let's say River Mahi and Doka or Chandwada. We can say Chandwada. We want to see. Just click on it and wait a bit. And then you can see Vadodara is a very industrial area. And here when I click that for Chandwada, every time you click and update, this link will go. So India, Gujarat, Vadodara, and Chandwada. So now you have all these parameters mapped, which is pretty good. It's all a lot of parameters. It is always important to learn what is the range as WHO standard and ISV standard Indian standards. Please look at these range before you take a research question, because that is how you defend your research. So it's better to look at it. Let's say one of the alkalinity is pretty important. Important other phenomena. We can see aluminum, magnesium, ammonia, total hard forms, and then fecal coliform, which is due to leakage of sewage into the drinking water and water bodies. You can see the data only exists from 2014. So you have Jan, 2014, and then March, and then June. So by monthly, June you have. And then suddenly July, we don't have, yeah, July. And then November, June, July. So there is some up and down of data, but not long-term data, which is available. And not all parts are mapped. So for example, this is a water body, but it's not marked. And then we'll come back and search for the study areas that I mentioned in the paper. So you can download this data freely. Just click here. You can download as image, PDF, vector image, print chart, full screen, and log in and give the data. Download the data. And every year wise, every month wise, the data will come. So there are more and more entries. So you can go back to where you want to read the data. So in our paper, what we have is we do have an analysis of a particular region, especially in case of Gujarat. We have taken two lakes. One is the Sursala Lake. And then we also have the Nalusarovar Lake. And these two lakes are very important because they have been used widely by people. And one is in Amdabad and then Vadodara. So if you go to Vadodara, you will see that the Sursala Lake is there. And then the Nalusarovar Lake is almost on the border of Amdabad and Surendra Nagar. So we'll just see Vadodara now. So we do have Vadodara here. And as I said, Vadodara has multiple stations. And one on the station should be our study area. So Sursala Lake is there. So let's click on Sursala Lake. And then the data will pop up. And you could see that Sursala Lake. That is here. So this is Sursala Lake. Yes, if you want to see the lake, let's put the base map back in. So see how this satellite imagery helps. Because yeah, it is a particular time period. It is a stationary image. It's not changing with the time. So Sursala Internet does take a hit when you do these things. So look at the population around. And a lot of people depend on this. This is the same scenario for a lake in rural region because pumps are very low. They have to go to the lake for everything. Initially, in the previous years, it was well maintained. Forefathers maintained it well. But nowadays, the generations are not taking care of it. There's a lot of pollution that enters into these lakes. That's very, very important to monitor and take up these lakes. So you can download the report. User manual is there if you want to see how to use the data. Available parameters for the lake are here. You can just click on one of these. Each one of these, so fluoride is important. And you can see only from 2020, you have these data. So what we will be doing is, OK, pH may be a higher value. We have 2018 to 2021, which is good. Ammonia we do have from 2018. So a lot of gaps are there. Again, these are expensive. So what happens is not every month, you'll see. So Jan, April, March, April, March, April, May, June, and then suddenly there's a gap. So you can see how the gap is there. It disrupts the continuity and the issues. Maybe there's a big spike of pollution happening that time. So it's very important to monitor these. So let's see how we could get these data. As I said, you can get these as an image. Or also, you can go up here and download the data. You need to have the account for the BRS as usual and then put it for research purposes, student purposes, if you're using it for your studies. So now I'm going to go back to the looks like my screen will pop up now. So what I've done is I have used my base map player. Instead of streets, I put imagery. And now the imagery does work. So first it was streets. I zoomed in just the internet took some time. So just excuse me for that. And what happens here is this is the Vadodara region and the Sursakhar Lake. And then I'm just going to click on imagery. So imagery takes more bandwidth. So what you should be doing is first keep the streets layer, which is not a satellite imagery. It is used from a satellite imagery but not. Then you can go here and then come down and see what are the parameters available. All these are available. But if you click on fluoride, for example, as I said, fluoride is only from 2020 to 2021. And fecal coliform, all these are the nitrates are very bad. You need to monitor it. Only very less data is there. Focal coliforms, fecal coliforms from 2018 to 2021. And if you need to download the data, just click here. You'll get all the data. Or you could bring this click and then take a full image or download a period document, SVG vector image, etc. So now I'm going to show you how we downloaded this data and used it to increase the, so this is a fecal coliform, to increase the spatial and temporal resolution of this data, especially the temporal resolution. For example, pH, I was saying it is OK because pH is more easier to monitor and maintain. But nitrates and other things are having issues. There's a lot of gaps. Fluoride is very important, a lot of gaps. And then dissolved oxygen, water quality parameters, etc. So please note that everything has to be monitored for a longer term to understand the impacts. Otherwise, there could have been a big pollution happening here. And if you're not looking at it, you're missing the statement. So if you see the common ones are there. We'll go on, for example, a lot of gaps. And there could have been a big pollution happening there. So it's very important to monitor these. So now let's go back to see how we did it in our study. So I'm going back to my lecture slides. So we were here, let's come up now in the monitor. So more spatial temporal resolution are needed, as I suggested and I showcased from the data set. More parameters are also needed because by the time you catch these pollutants, you should always read and update yourself on these pollutants. And you need to put it into the reports and documents. So for example, now COVID, no one knew how this virus was when it came. So that was emerging because of the new phenomena. Similarly, there could be other issues that can happen suddenly. So I strongly urge you to take a very careful look at these data sets and then use it wisely for assessing important pollutants and then coming back. While before we go, I'll also showcase the groundwater part. Let me share my first name. So there is the data here, but also you can go back to the water data, groundwater, and then groundwater quality. You can open a new tab just to keep it coming. And you would see that it's more or less of the data you will see for groundwater. And it is a concern because the missions for supplying water for these areas may be using more groundwater. So because in the summertime, the surface waters are repeating and how do you use other resources there? So you have a number of stations. There's 15,800 stations, 14,492. This is much bigger than the declared by the surface water boards. So you can see what agencies are monitoring. You click here. It's still loading, so that's why it's not coming up. So it could be mostly CPCB, the underground water board, and the state agencies could be there. And then just for the internet, let me put the base layer as a street map. And hopefully, let's see if the internet is faster. OK, so now you can see the agencies, CPCB, CPCB, center position control board, central water board, as I said. And only if they're telling on a government has put the data up, all the others are not. So you can still keep all of them. And then if you say Gujarat again, you can see a lot of more wells that are coming up. And then select districts, almost every district can be there, which is fine. And then you could see here, if you come down, what are the parameters, how long are they being taking all these things out here? There's multiple sliders, so make sure the yellow and gray ones are different, and then how they are monitoring, et cetera, et cetera. So the same way you could do it. But as I said, a lot of surface water board is more important to assess, because no water, they mostly use it for drinking in agriculture. They'll just not use it and ask the government to supply. And most of the government supply may come from surface water bodies. So it's important to go back to this area. But again, I've just showed you how to download the data. So it's the same way that you could download it from the groundwater board. So let's go back to my slide, which is coming up. So we have the paper that we'll be discussing today for the next 10 minutes. The potential of open source remote sensing data for improved special thermal mapping and monitoring of inland water quality in India case study of Gujarat. We did Gujarat because of, first we found out how many data sets that we could quickly assess. And the students also went there to do some field work. It was then by the PhD student, Singh Neetu. So he was the first name, Singh was the second. And all my team members, whether including Sivan and Amitah and me. So what happens here is this paper actually uses open source data, which means it's free open source. Anyone can use it. As is supported in this course, I have only used open source software and open source data. I have given links to data that is paid version and really expensive just for those who really want that data for a particular use. But till date, I have been happy to use open source data. It has been doing the work that I needed and very, very successfully the results are coming out. So we don't have to spend more money on proprietary data or costly data, unlike the other things. So what is the base idea here is we have these two links. And we have limited observation data. How can we use satellite data to capture the impact of water pollutants on water? So basically, visually, we know that when we go to the rivers in southern parts of Mumbai or near the airport, you will see that it's pitch black in color. Even Chennai, the river Kuwam, Adayar, Adayar river sometimes is OK. But Chennai river Kuwam, it will be pitch black. So you know for sure that it's not drinkable. It's not portable. But one day it was. It was really beautiful waterways. People use it for travel. People use it for drinking. But now it's purely polluted. So this color can give you an inference of the water quality. The same aspect has been used by multiple studies for using satellites for assessing the quality. So how you have satellites for assessing the plant growth and plant healthiness using the green color, same the color of the blue. The multiple band colors of the blue can be associated with a particular water quality issue. However, this is a correlation kind of work. So how is the color correlated to the water quality? There's a costuality. It is because of maybe sewage dumping, maybe industries dumping, maybe medical waste from another state being put into Tamil Nadu's water bodies. So what happens is there is a lot of these water quality impacts that can happen. Just pick up the news and check and see how many issues are happening. How many illegal dumpings happen on the borders of states because the rules are very strict in a particular state. So they will go out and put or dump and stuff. So this is very sad, but because they're not given an option to clean the water or they just don't want to do it and let others suffer. So this satellite data can actually pick it up. So this is what we did. We did some correlation analysis between the color of the water and the portent level. And then trained a model. Trained a model with high accuracy to predict the water quality for a longer time. So let's see how we did. First, these are study areas in Gujarat state. The Nalsarovar lake, which is right next to Amla and then the Sursakar lake in Valodra. We have taken it. These are the two lakes. You can see how the lake is surrounded by both rural and urban entities, whereas this is more an urban entity. And then the flow chart, always flow charts are good for studies. So a kind of recommendation for all students is whenever you're working with satellite data, remote sensing data, please draw it as a flow chart. When I introduced GIS, I had mentioned the schematic of the works, which is very important to understand. The same thing you can do here by having images of flow of the work. So let's see here what the study starts by doing is analyzing landsat images for the study area. So just collecting landsat images. And these images can be collected from the NASA or the ESA Sentinel Portals. I've shown you how to do it. And then identification of coincidence of pixels and the water body. So just masking out the pixels that can come out and then estimation of some more quality concern values. So you get a corrected landsat values. Just leave the how they corrected. Maybe they have a better correction for cloud cover and then reflectance, et cetera, et cetera. Okay, so there is some post-processing needed before running into these. And then what we do is, so let's say we have a corrected landsat image, which nowadays you do get from different portals. Then you have the in situ water quality parameters. What is in situ? In situ means observed, monitored physically. So you take a sample, that is in situ monitoring. You take it to your labs, analyze the water quality and bring it over to us. So remote sensing and in situ surface water quality parameters, correlation analysis is happening. So both on two axis and then say, okay, what colors can capture these water pollutant levels? And then linear regression modeling is being done between in situ and as a surface water quality parameters and concentration and landsat 7SR. And then calibration of model, adjusted correction, automation. These are the processes at the bottom are the processes for evaluating the model. So the model is basically kind of a linear regression model, a regression correlation model between the bands and the water quality. So what you could see is these are the first descriptive statistics of the surface water quality from the period 2006 to 2019. And you can see that Gujarat Pollution Control Board is the data set that we use. And they have beautiful data for biochemical oxygen demand, BOD, EO, dissolve oxygen, EC, and then pH. Then you have the same thing for NOS rover lake. You could see that there's a mean standard which is very, very basic statistics we have done. And then the linear regression models. So we have on the left side, the parameter. The parameter can be absolute or log values, depending on the model, which is better fit. So here you could see the pH is a function of your B5, B1, and B7, B1, B4, B5, B4, B5. So these kind of estimates can be quickly obtained by liquid shivering. So which models have worked? And the same models you could try for your area. And if you're happy with the error estimates, probability distributions, et cetera, R-squares, then you can continue the model. Or you should be using different bands. So this is the idea of using remote sensing data. So for example, let's say pH, a study in the US would have used B3 and B1, and it did not work well for our study. So we had to keep on looking at different colors because the political color could be slightly different or the political color impact on the water body could be different than what we have in India. So that is where we have to mix and match and play. Google Earth Engine helps you for it. But then once you get it with a couple of iterations, look at the results as simple as this. You cannot get it into a good journal. This is a very, very good journal that we had published. And because of the novelty that the bands are used to predict water quality when observation quality is low. So you have these two models, one for the Null Server Lake and then the other for the other lake. And what you have here is the adjusted R-square, which is kind of giving you the process to the fit of the model between observed and in situ. It is also necessary to see the scattered plots between the observed and the monitored. You could see that we are capturing all of that with a particular conference band interval. And there are some outliers or some of them are going above and beyond the conference interval and the most, the empirical model. These are empirical models. What is an empirical model? An empirical model is based on statistics. Here the band color could be done by a physical parameter, but it's a reflection. So we're using that as a proxy data. So it's kind of an empirical model. And then we showed you that the landsat bands of blue, green, red, near infrared, and IR, shortwave. So these are the B1, B2 that we saw in the earlier slide. And then shortwave, infrared, thermal, shortwave, infrared have significantly contributed to development of accurate models for estimating surface water quality parameters for us. So it's a R-square and Null Server Lake. So this is the conclusion that we had that between the observed and the models, we had good correlation, good accuracy. And once the accuracy is set, then what do you do? You either, you see, because here you don't see any observation data. So the idea is you find the correlation between an observed water quality parameter and its impact on the bands. And this is the impact. So it is not a straight A plus B plus C. It is just a very complex linear regression model. But again, we're using computers and the data sets. We can definitely do this quickly on computers. And then what happens is you run the model and then you plot your observed data on it to see the accuracy effect. So here if you could see, let me zoom in to some of them. So you can see that the observed part is the dots. And then the estimated is the, so using satellites. Estimated is the line. So you can see that the estimated for pH, let's take the pH, pH goes up and down. Why do we have higher number of lines is because satellite data has higher spatial and temporal resolution. So this particular data set at least would be, let's say bi-weekly or monthly. Whereas the observation data you could see comes in weekly or once in two months, once in three months. And there's a lot of data gaps, whereas satellite data did not have any data gaps and it's kind of continuous because every 15 days the data was coming in. So you could see that the estimated fell correctly and whenever the quality was okay, the pH went down and more acidic depending on the model. But we are concerned more on when the data captures the errors well, okay? So that is one part. And then you can also see these are the two legs dissolved oxygen and then we have BOD and then nitrates. So if you see here, you could see that the model predicts the up and down also not only the bottom ones, whereas the observed data was only capturing the bottom ones. So maybe the observed data was smart enough to take only the low points when the data was available. But beautifully the model captures this aspect. It's a sinusoidal because rainfall comes, water comes and then stops, then rainfall comes. So there is a sinusoidal movement happening and you could see that the peaks are also being caught. Here the peak one peak is not being caught but other peaks are being caught. This could be an outlier or our data didn't catch it. Again, you cannot expect perfect, perfect fit. Like this is a good fit. You can see up and down is being capturing the data. Here also you can see it, but the point here is it's not observed data. So always as a model data, you should be using it very carefully. However, if I find such high correlations and such high estimation power using remote sensing, we should use it at least as a warning. So if suddenly my remote sensing satellite captures the water quality turning slight brown, which is not visible to the eye. These bands are not visible to the eye. So once these satellite data can show a warning, then we can send the person to go collect the water quality and measure it. Rather than ignoring those warning sessions because if you just say, every three months I collect, rainfall happens or not, pollution happens or not, I have a fixed three months, then it is not going to help. Whereas these kinds of episode rules where the remote sensing captures sudden blackening of water. And then you go, oh, you send a person in and then take it. I'll show you some experience from the field from Singapore also. You would see that suddenly in the night, the water level started to increase even with over and there's no rainfall. Okay, this happens also in some cities in the South where I did some field work. In the night, there's a lot of discharge. So some sewage treatment plan or some illegal dumping will happen tonight because people will not see it. But in the morning when they walk around that area, they'll say, oh, no, it smells really bad. The water quality is bad. For example, not now, but like 10 years ago during the water dyeing industries where the cloth dyeing industry is using water dyes and very high chemicals in Thirupur region, they would dump all these into the rivers. And because of that, the rural people having a lot of breathing trouble, there's a lot of papers on it. There's a lot of studies, the government cracked down and then said, stop. So there's a ban on these kind of illegal dyeing units in Thirupur. It was known as the Manchester of India because a lot of clothes were dyed and sent abroad. And now these clothes are being dyed in Bangladesh. I do not know what is the environmental pollution there but in the South, it was really bad. All the rural regions around these industries are still facing the effects because the water quality is bad, the land term infertile and all those things. So these things can be captured by satellites because in the night, if you do it, still there is some data that has been collected as soon as the daybreak happens and then the light is there and if a sample is being taken beautifully, you can take it. And as I said, some colors are not visible by the eye but the bands will be caught. So we should be using these with observed data, whatever limited observed data we have, we should mix these two data and then make sure that we use them for prediction of water quality parameters. So RS is going to help with limited observation data plus I use the sign plus, not just RS or not just observation data, we should be using them together and to make models and the models needed to be calibrated and validated, just not simply using it and periodically. So if I calibrate the model now and I'm using it for two years, I should still think about calibrating the model because some new water quality parameter would have come up, some bands would have been increased of the satellite, et cetera. Models once calibrated valid can be used for prediction. So you can predict automatically the water quality issues and this enables long-term monitoring with higher spatial and temporal resolutions because that is what is needed for effective, sustainable, rural development and mapping. Thanks. With this, I would like to conclude today's lecture. I will see you in week 12 lecture four. Thank you. Thank you.


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Juju Smith Schuster tweeted a little dig at Eagles fans today saying happy Valentine's Day everybody and post this card. I'll hold you when it matters most with James Bradbury. Obviously a joke about the holding penalty late in the game but Eagles receiver AJ Brown just unloaded on Juju. He says first off congratulations y'all deserve it this is lame. You was on the way out the league before my home's resurrected your career on your one-year deal tiktok boy. He admitted that he grabbed you but don't act like you're like that or ever was but congratulations again. Wow.