that EFF has done more of or longer of or more consistently than making sure that you have the right to secure your communications when you go online. We've been standing up for your right to be secure in your communication since, well, honestly, before there was a worldwide web. I've kind of lost count. I'm not sure we're in crypto wars, part three or part four kind of depends on how you count. But however you count it, as more and more people are living and sharing and operating online, especially during this pandemic, we need real security more than ever. So it's puzzling as well as, I would say, pretty impuriating to have the same dumb conversation about cryptography in 2020 that we did when I started working on this issue in 1993. So EFF helped free encryption from government control in the first place and we're gonna stand up and do it again. But let's talk about where we are today and to do so we have an all-star panel. First from EFF's board of directors, we have Bruce Schneier, author of Applied Cryptography, Renowned Cryptographer, Public Interest Technologist of the First Order as well as an author, a teacher, and I'm not just saying that because he's on EFF's board. And also with us is Andrew Crocker, senior staff attorney at EFF and Erica Portnoy, senior staff technologist at EFF. And between them, Erica and Andrew with help from our legislative team and our activism teams are really spearheading EFF's work to protect cryptography right now. So I wanna get right to it. We're gathering questions and comments on Twitch. So put them there and the team will feed them to us. We'll get to them. I wanna start with some introductory questions, but if you've got things to say, make your voice heard and that's what the internet's for. And we'll try to answer your questions and talk about where we are and how we got there. But I feel like our house is on fire right now, that there is something moving right now. It's incredibly important and incredibly dangerous. So rather than start with the history, let's start with where we are right now. Andrew, can you tell us what's going on in Congress right now and why we should be concerned? Sure, so we have not one, but two terrible encryption bills in Congress right now. It's kind of a, you know, terrible and then super extra strength only with a prescription, terrible. The first really terrible one is the EARNIT Act, which I'm sure many people watching have heard of. This was introduced back in March and then recently passed out of the Senate committee just the last week, I think it was. What EARNIT would do, originally what EARNIT would have done was to create a commission spearheaded by the Attorney General himself, Bill Barr, to come up with best practices for fighting the very serious problem of child sexual assault material online. And the idea of EARNIT, the reason it's called EARNIT is that services would have to follow these best practices in order to earn immunity from lawsuits under section 230 law that's near and dear to our hearts, of course. Nevermind, of course, that federal authorities could already hold internet services liable for distributing this kind of material and that they have a duty to report it when they find out about it. Instead, these best practices probably would have gone much further with Bill Barr at the helm. He's been very prominently, very prominent critic of encryption referring to us as absolutists and in fact, throwing a pot shot at my dear colleague, Erica, after a comment she made New York Times last summer. So we were very concerned about this original version of EARNIT that these best practices would require services that offer end-to-end encryption to backdoor their services. And we mounted, I think, a very successful campaign against EARNIT Act. We got massive, massive letter-rating campaign and AMAs on Reddit and so forth, which resulted in some changes to EARNIT just last week, as I mentioned. So there were two major changes that were introduced in the Senate Committee. One is the EARNIT part is no longer, there's nothing to earn. In fact, services would just lose their immunity under section 230. They could be held liable, not just for knowingly distributing this CSAM as it's called, Tile Sexual Assault Material, but also under any new state law, they could be held criminally or civilly liable for any sort of behavior that the state deems to be in violation of the law, not just under federal law, but under laws that could be drafted by any of these 50 states. And so it's very easy to imagine that one of these jurisdictions could decide that encryption is a problem and that offering end-to-end encryption, for example, is in some way facilitating the distribution of this material and a service like Facebook Messenger or any others that offer encryption could be hauled into court in any of these jurisdictions and be forced to justify their use of encryption. There was an amendment offered by Senator Leahy, which passed along with this new version of EARNIT, which would prevent services from being held liable because of their use of end-to-end encryption. But there's a lot of worrisome loopholes there. One is that we've heard a lot about client-side scanning and my colleague Erica could talk more about that if you liked the idea of being that you could be forced to have the content that you share over end-to-end encrypted messaging shared, scanned by the service on the device before it leaves your devices and is encrypted. That seems to be outside of this immunity that Senator Leahy's amendment introduces. And also we have just this open-ended risk that any state can come up with a new way of holding someone liable, not because of their use of encryption, but because of a side effect of the use of encryption. And so we're really worried about the liability that that could create in 50 plus jurisdictions. It's all the states plus the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and so forth. So that's terrible bill number one. Terrible bill number two I'll spend a little less time on is the Law Enforcement Lawful Access to Encrypted Data Act of LADA. I guess some people are calling it. And this is just a full frontal encryption is bad. We're going to outlaw it in every way. It would allow the government to create a freestanding requirement for device manufacturers, operating system creators, operators of end-to-end encryption messaging services to backdoor their products. Whenever they were served with a, what is called a assistance capability directive, I got to get that right. They could be forced to render any encrypted data in an understandable form. And the only defense they have is that it isn't technically impossible to make any change to their service. So not just that they have engineered their service in a way that makes it impossible to decrypt the data but that they cannot re-engineer their service in any way to make it accessible in plain text. And it allows the government to introduce secret evidence in support of its accessibility capability directives. It's really just every bad idea crammed into one. No fig leaves, this is just cross errors on encryption. So we're worried about both of those. As I mentioned, Ernit is already advanced out of committee and so that's the one that's moving and we're doing everything we can to stop it in its tracks. And EFF has an action item. One of the great birthday gifts you can give us is go ahead, sign, tell your congressman, tell people that this isn't gonna stand that trying to outlaw math is a pretty bad idea in any situation, but it's especially bad here because it's gonna affect you. So Erica, why can't we just nerd our way out of this?  And would that work if we tried to do that? What would be the gain and what would be the loss? Yeah, I mean, the short answer is that absolutely would not work by any means. The answer to why really lies in the technical details without going too deeply into it. Basically, there's no such thing as backdoor studies in the field of cryptography. So when we talk about building a backdoor, what we're really talking about is an entire field here of different approaches that try to weaken the encryption using some perspective that the particular researcher in question hopes won't make the system too unfeasible the week to deploy in practice. So of course it follows from an information theoretic perspective that you're gonna necessarily have some loosening of constraints and information leakage when compared to unadulterated encryption, which is to say that any sort of backdoor is necessarily going to weaken encryption in the first place. And if we were to go into the details for why exactly that is for all the different approaches, it's kind of a long story. But there's a typical pattern that comes up over and over again because it's not like nobody has tried to do this in practice before. People are constantly trying to find that holy grail of strong encryption on the one hand and access for law enforcement on the other hand. But when they do this usually goes something like this. Someone says, why can't we just fill that? Why can't we just nerd harder?  They'll maybe implement one version of it, read a bit more theory, do some calculations, repeat this all a few dozen times. When after all of that, the realization hits. Even if you do massive batch queries for optimization, you charge your database into little bits and accept hours of latency. It's still too expensive for most computations to get both results from computations over encrypted data and still preserve sufficient levels of privacy when you're operating at a scale of any meaning. And if you're not trying to do some sort of approach that would be more computationally expensive, then you are immediately going to be giving up on something that people consider to be one of the core components of encryption in the first place. Because when we talk about encryption, we're not really just talking about specifically AES or RSA or anything like that. We're talking about encryption as a system where no one but you and your intended recipients can access or otherwise infer the contents of your data. And once you start picking apart at any of the pieces of the encryption system, you immediately begin to lose that promise that the provider is making. If we didn't need to trust our providers, if we're okay that we trust our providers with whatever they feel like doing and any weird code things that they're doing on the backend, we wouldn't need encryption in the first place. The point of encryption is to remove that need for trust and yet still be able to have secure communications. So even if you hear someone like a professional say something like, this might be possible, what they usually mean in practice is, here's an architecture that might be technically feasible to build, but there's no way it could ever be run at scale and still be sufficiently privacy preserving. And of course, that's not even starting to go into the international governance aspect of things where nothing is going to stop someone with criminal intent from just using an international product that's not required to have the backdoor in the first place. So you start to get into the policy perspective as well. And if you look at the practical teeth of any of the technical solutions that have been proposed so far and also considering it from a general theoretic perspective, it's really just not something that's feasible, anything else, anywhere outside of dreams. Outside of dreams, nightmares really for me, but I totally understand. So Bruce, how did we get here? Like why does the government hate cryptography so much? And what's the history here that has led to this being such a problem that just doesn't go away? I think there's a security versus security debate that's been going on since the early 90s. I mean, on the one hand, there's security in the fact that we have secure communications and devices. And there's security in the fact that the police can investigate crimes. And that's something that people have wrestled with. And if you are the police, what you think about is solving crimes and that is your perspective. So you're gonna choose a solution that has less security communications and more security for law enforcement. And that's what happened in the early 90s. We had the clipper chip. I pulled out my book that's about 25 years old and I write about it. This is 1993, Cindy was there, we were there. And there it was secure telephones. You look at crypto war number, I think it's two or three, which is the iPhone versus the FBI and that's encrypted storage. And now we're talking about message platforms. And so you're looking at what's more important, right? The ability to break into these things which has value in solving crimes, even though it gives insecurity for all some other reasons or do you want these things secure which harm solving crimes but gives security in other ways? Then in the 90s, certainly today, you have to decide that we must adopt a defense dominant strategy. As long as this device is in the hands of every single lawmaker and world leader and judge and police officer and nuclear power plant operators CEO voting official, it's really important that we secure these. Communications and the storage, right? And that has to win. And if the FBI and other law enforcement need to learn other forensic techniques because they can't get at the phone, that's an overall security win for us. And but that's always been the battle, the security versus security. And I think it's the myopic view of someone like an FBI or justice department that only has them look at the crime prevention aspects and not the broader, you know, all of our legislatures have these aspects of the problem. Yeah. So Andrew, I know you have been tracking a lot whether it's really true that the FBI has a hard time getting solving crimes because of encryption. And I think that they tell a story about how hard it would be to solve crimes. I actually think you prevent crimes with encryption because if they can't get your data in the first place, they can't do it. But how trustworthy is the government when they say that this is a real problem for them and that bad guys are getting away? Well, without ruling in on how trustworthy they are, I would say that they've had a very hard time coming up with reliable figures and anything more than anecdotes. So, you know, Bruce mentioned the San Bernardino case. We were all told in public that this was a ticking time bomb that the FBI needed to get into the phone, seized from one of the shooters in that case to find out if there were any other co-conspirators or things like that. And then the only way in, of course, was to compel Apple to assist to create a custom version of iOS to get involved in. And then on the eve of the hearing, I in fact had flown down to go to this hearing. I was in the airport. We found out that the FBI, lo and behold, had another resource at its disposal and with the help of an outside party had gotten into the phone. That led to an Inspector General report from the DOJ that found that the FBI, even as James Comey then FBI director had been testifying in Congress, saying that this was a necessity, had had within its components the access to this information and the ability to get in. Even after that, we had then FBI director Christopher Bray making testimony in Congress about the number of iPhones that are inaccessible every year that they access. He had a figure of almost 8,000 that year. I think it was 2017. Seemed like a big number. No data forthcoming on it. The Washington Post published a big expose. It turned out that had been miscounted. It was something more like a third of that 8,000 and not clear what inaccessible meant. Does that mean inaccessible for all time? Inaccessible in a short period of time. What had been tried on those phones? We just don't know. My colleagues and I submitted a Freedom of Information Act request about that after the fact and really have failed to learn anything. Of course, the government, not at all ashamed about this, has moved on to new talking points about CSAM, as I mentioned before, never really addressed the misstatements and inaccuracies in the wake of San Bernardino. So we can draw our own conclusions about how trustworthy that is. Erica, I hear a lot about client-side scanning. Can you talk just a little bit about it and sort of people hear that? And I think they hear it sometimes from our friends. And that's a solution here. And is that our way forward? Yeah, this is another one of those really tempting solutions that I was talking about earlier. So the idea of client-side scanning is that instead of sending the information over plain text, you will have your messaging system be completely encrypted. But instead of doing any scanning on the server side where the provider has access to the data, the scanning will all be done on the client-side that is your phone or your computer or whatever you're using to send the message in the first place, either before you send the message over the wire and it gets encrypted or after receiving the message and it's already been decrypted. So you don't touch the encryption, kind of you put it around the edges of that. Unfortunately, it's just another case where the problem all happens in the specifics of how you go about implementing something like that. Where to even start with the problems here? Well, I think the first place to start is that the current state of the field is pretty, let's say in progress. You have a couple of different implementations of scanning in the first place and there's maybe one or two that I know that have actually been implemented on the client side. But when you're doing that, you have to change around some things. So for example, some of the versions of it just put a machine learning model completely onto the client. But then you have questions about how to update the model, where are you getting training data for that? But, you know, even not talking about all the details here and that's not even going into the homomorphic encryption versions which are just as a whole completely not ready for prime time use. Once you start talking about doing the scanning at all, if you assume that the provider needs to do necessary reporting, if they know about something that they, if you assume that the provider when they know about something are required to report it and they find a hit for that on the client side and they'll be required to report it.  And if you assume that there are sometimes be false positives, then you're saying that anytime one of these potentially mistaken searches finds a hit on the client, it'll be automatically required to send the contents of that message to the provider in plain text, thereby completely bypassing the encryption in the first place and making it as if you didn't even bother sending it encrypted. Basically, what's the point of sending it encrypted if you have this separate system over here that says, okay, sometimes we're just gonna not encrypt it for fun. Not for fun, obviously, but for fun. I mean, maybe a machine learning algorithms concept of fun where it finds the wrong thing in the first place. And anyone who says that there's 100% accurate machine learning system has never written a machine learning system in the first place. And so that's just a couple of the problems there so far. Another giant problem with this is that once you build a system for this, it pretty much takes as an input, a set of images or text. It's not a CSAM specific system by any means. You could put any images that you want to have censored in there in the first place. You've just built and implemented and deployed a general purpose censorship system which can decrypt and report on any messages that someone sends, obviously not something that we want to be putting into our devices because it would be extremely easy to move from there to talking about potential terrorist content or misinformation. And of course as we know, whoever controls the meanings of those things is the ones in power and the ones in power aren't necessarily the ones that we want to be giving even more power. If you're considering terrorist information to be, for example, like saying Black Lives Matter, that's not that far fetched that you can imagine an administration that says anytime you're talking about activism or protesting that automatically counts as the sort of content that would need to be decrypted. And then once that stuff starts being decrypted automatically, what do you even have your antenna encryption system for? Client-side scanning is something that, if you're really in the weeds of all the technical details of all the different ways you could build a backdoor terribly, it sounds a little more tempting, but we must not be tempted by it. It's not any better than any of the other solutions. That's right, that's right. A dictator's dream we should not build. So our audience has a question for Bruce. Bruce, do you think Beyond Fear is still an accurate perspective on the relationship between privacy and security? I think it's not bad. I think I did a better job in this book, which is like a decade later. So I would go here first before I would go back to Beyond Fear. You're assuming I remembered what I wrote back then. And really I think the way to think of all of these lawful access provisions is we're trying to put a vulnerability in your device, in your system, that the police can use. So this is a vulnerability. It's something against your interest.  So now I have to build a tech system that only operates when someone with the correct morals and the correct legal piece of paper nearby operates. So that's actually not a tech, that's not something technology can do. I can't build a tech that works differently in the presence of a certain legal piece of paper. It's tech, it just works. So now I have to build a technical wrapper to try to make sure that only the good guys have access to it. And that just doesn't work. So I can build a secure system or I can build an insecure system and try to make sure the insecurity is only in the right hands. And that's why it isn't a matter of nerding harder. It's a fundamentally different way of nerding. And again, this gets back to if we believe defense has to dominate our strategy and build the things securely. It's more important that our critical systems, national, corporate, personal, international are secure than it is to have this one sliver of tool that law enforcement can use. Yeah, I often say that, if the police went around your neighborhood and said, look, we believe there's a thief who's breaking in. So why don't you leave your front door open so we can make sure that you're not the thief and we can catch you if you are the thief. Most people would think that that was not right. But that seems to be the tenor of what law enforcement would like us to do with our digital houses. And I think that we should look a scans of them in the same way, but obviously I'm a little biased. Andrew, we had a question about the Wyden bill. What do we think of senators bill that was meant to counter the earn it act? Yeah, so to my knowledge, we haven't taken a strong position on it. My understanding of what the bill would do is relatively well-intentioned. Those of us who are against earn it sort of point to all of the things that could be done to stop the very real problem of CSAM that this bill does not do. However, the Wyden bill would provide a lot more funding to the FBI and to the others that fight it. And we've seen the FBI in the pursuit of this very real problem, overreach, engage in very problematic surveillance that trenches on Fourth Amendment rights, such as in using lawful hacking, so-called lawful hacking techniques by using informants at Vespai to scan everyone's computer for illegal material and so forth. So we're a little bit suspicious of writing a blank check for fighting this sort of content. Great, thank you. Bruce, you wanted to talk a little bit about how we tie this to what's going on in Hong Kong right now. So Hong Kong's interesting, right? So there's now a new law there that gives the state broad security powers of censorship, of surveillance and compelling companies to turn over evidence of what in China is banned political speech and other crimes. And I think this really goes directly to why strong encryption is important. If these companies have backdoor systems, they will have to provide that backdoor access to the Chinese government, just they provide it to the US government. I think they can't play favorites. The tech is there, they're capable of doing it, they'll have to provide it. And only if we have secure systems can we ensure that dissidents around the world can speak freely. And I actually pulled a quote from James Baker. He used to be the FBI General Counsel. He wrote this in 2019. And he said, it is time for government authorities, including law enforcement, to embrace encryption good as it is one of the few mechanisms that the United States and its allies can use to more effectively protect themselves from existential cybersecurity threats, particularly from China. So here we are a year and a half later and he's right. Encryption is how we can help defend Hong Kong dissidents. And backdoors is how we abandon them. Thanks. Somebody asks, do we think that situations like a global pandemic make it easier to just smuggle in legislation that limits our privacy? What do you think, gang? I certainly feel a little like that right now. I keep going back to Andrew, but Andrew, I know you're in the thick of this and the things, but so is Erica, so either of you. Oh, I'm under all too polite. You got emuted, how did that happen? Sorry, so Erica, you have to speak for Andrew. Yeah, sure. Well, let me put on my not a lawyer hat here. Oh, he's unmuted, great, perfect. That's my fault I unmuted to stop my son from photobombing the live stream. He can't have strong encryption too. He certainly does. I mean, that's sort of my answer is that whether it's being snuck in or not, they couldn't have picked a worse time. We're all stuck in our homes or out in the streets protesting. We're using Zoom, we're relying on our phones and it couldn't be more out of touch with what people need. I think Bruce was touching on this a minute ago. We should all get used to the fact of strong encryption and whether it's using the pandemic as a cover or not, it's exactly the wrong way to go. Yeah, we always talk about necessary proportional when we talk about surveillance. And we're living in a world where a lot more things than necessary and proportionality is different. So you can easily see things being snuck in that's not related because it's an exceptional time. And I do worry about that. They have also been talking about this act for months. It's not like the Ornid Act just popped up since the start of the pandemic. You can start to see the gears of this maybe even as far as last summer is when some meetings started to be convened. So I don't think that the timing of it was specifically done with the pandemic but we certainly do have to keep our eye on it. Yeah, I think that that's right. I think that the train was, we managed to slow it down a little bit but it was already moving before this. That's why we have to be strong and consistent. I mean, one of the things that happens when you're fighting against a bill that a senator, a powerful senator is pushing is that they have a lot more tools and control over the timing of things than we do. And so we always have to be on guard. I always say, people ask, what is EFF doing? And I say, well, EFF's on patrol, right? Like we don't know when things are gonna break and so we try to stay here and ready whenever things go. Encryption's a game of whack-a-mole. You have to hit everyone down. Yeah. Let's see. We have a question about whether, we have a couple of questions about what's the balance between law enforcement's needs and our needs? And I think we've answered it a little bit but do folks have other things to say about that? Yeah, I think we need, law enforcement have good digital forensics. There's a lot more to crime solving than getting the encrypted data. That we were living in a surveillance society. There's a huge amount of surveillance data. And I think law enforcement is just very poorly educated from the FBI, especially down to local. So going to the phone is sort of what they think as this is the solution. And if they had more sophisticated, investigated tools we could have all the security we wanted for our data and conversations and they would still be able to have all the crime solving capability they needed. I actually don't think there's a conflict here if they actually had the tech that they needed. I think that there's truth to that. I also think that they have a lot of tech already. I mean, I would not put it past, just because you have nine of the cards doesn't mean you don't also want the 10th. And I think Peter Schwerer was right that we're living in a golden age of government surveillance. That the amount of ways that law enforcement has access to evidence that they did not used to have, the evidence that didn't even used to exist much less that they didn't have is pretty tremendous. The list is pretty long. So I'm in favor of getting good tools in the hands of government if they're not tools that undermine our rights. But I also just wouldn't assume that just because the government wants more that means that they're missing something as opposed to one that 10th card, not just the nine before it. But again, I have 20 years of this bias built up. Let's see, do we have any other questions coming in? Someone asked about how cryptography can be used in the context of contact tracing. And Erica, I don't know if you've been involved. I think you have been involved in some of these issues. I think that it's a bit of a redhead frankly, and I'm wondering if that's true, if I'm right about that. You know, I really haven't been looking at the context tracing stuff much. Some of our other technologists are more focused on those issues. That's because I initially saw some comments from epidemiologists and contact tracers who were talking about the tried and true methods that have worked over years and years of use and that putting a tracking chip in people's phones to try to detect when they talk to each other and finding a technical solution for this is not going to be the way that we know is going to get the best results. So I haven't really looked into it much more than that other than to basically say, let's listen to what the epidemiologists have to say. And if we need to build contact tracing tools in the first place, much less whether or not we should be putting cryptography on top of them. We do have some resources on our website where some of our technologists, Bennett Ciphers and others have dug into the actual specs of the Google Apple API and put it through the spaces. So maybe one of the moderators could throw that into the chat. Thanks. So this one's for Andrew and it's from our board member, Brian Bellendorf. He says, if earn it passes or something similar do we have a legal challenge and will we do it? We'll always try, right? That's what we as the lawyers on this team like to do. I think I maybe would be a bad lawyer if I gave up the store and said exactly what we would do over. But some colleagues and I wrote an analysis of the original version of the Earn It Act where we talked about ways in which it violated both the first and fourth amendments. Obviously it's been amended since then so we would have to do a new analysis. With the new Earn It where it sort of puts it all to the states we would have to see what the states do. What kind of backward laws they passed that would hold services liable for just deploying encryption. If that is in fact the strategy they take I could certainly see first and fourth amendment attacks on those as well. The general idea being if you the government dangle immunity or other benefits in favor in exchange for censoring content on your platform that's potentially an unconstitutional condition that you're encouraging censorship.  Oh okay and then the fourth amendment component is if the government is encouraging private actors to scan through their services to look for illegal content that's sort of dragooning those private actors and making them agents of the government and engaging in warrantless surveillance. And that's unconstitutional well as well established unconstitutional practice. So those are two ways in which we would look at bringing a challenge of course. Great. Let's see. We had a question about whether we think a 256 bit AES is still good enough encryption? Yes. I like one word answers they're good. And we also had a question about Apple and its commitment to privacy. I would say that we don't like to comment on specific companies but I will say that we were certainly you know Apple took a risk and stood up with its users in standing up for strong encryption on its devices and we were you know having harangued Apple and all of the other tech companies to offer strong encryption and stand with their users when they were attacked we were happy to stand with Apple when they did the right thing. I think I don't know if others have things to say about that. I mean you know all of these tech companies are well many of them are you know privacy is big and complicated question.  And so you know it's hard to say across the board what we think because what we think may depend on what they're doing in a whole especially when you've got a big comber like Apple that's in a bunch of different spaces but certainly Apple has stood with its users in the FBI case and we were happy to stand with any tech company that's gonna stand up for your rights. We would like them to encrypt their cloud backups. Yes we would like them to encrypt their cloud backups. And have stronger protections for the differential privacy. Yep. But these are relatively small deltas compared to some other things. But honestly you know if they want the list we'll provide it. Eric I mean Andrew did you have something? I was gonna mention that on the COVID API in particular which I'm not sure if that was the focus of the question. One of the things that we've called for for any contact tracing app is auditability and open sourcing of the protocol or the app. So we don't have to trust that Apple is living up to its privacy commitments so that you know this interested outsiders can get it and make sure that they truly are. Yep. We have a couple of interesting questions here but they're just not for this panel about what about AI and machine learning and what about surveillance cameras. And we will have people there are other plenty of other people at EFF have plenty of thoughts about this but if I'm not asking your question it's because I know what Erica and Andrew and well Bruce could probably talk about anything but I'm trying to talk about the crypto related things that I know they have expertise on. We have one question about is there a possibility to preserve household encryption in the face of potential quantum computing decryption? Like maybe Bruce or Erica could talk about that. So I'll do that quickly. Yes, actually I did an essay on this. If you look at this it says it was titled cryptography after the aliens land. My name and you'll find it. The short answer is quantum cryptography is not the end of cryptography. For symmetric keys you double the key length that's easy but we already have a process for quantum resistant public key algorithms. Even if they fall you're not losing security, right? I mean, this has an entire key infrastructure without public key at all and works just fine. So it'll be different. It won't be a disaster. We are well ahead of the technology cryptography than there is in quantum. So short answer is don't worry too much. There's a lot of other things to worry about first. The only thing I'd add there is to say that Shor's algorithm is just that 2x improvement. It's not the magical science fiction version of quantum cryptography where it tries all the answers at once. No, that's not actually how it works. It's a whole different system of mathematics and things like that. Really don't worry about it. We may need to change some of the ways we implement some things but we're already constantly doing that. We deprecated SHA-1. We can deprecate SHA-56 if we ever need to. Great. All right, well, we have time for kind of a last word from everybody and I did have, I wanna just remind everybody we do have an action going. Does anybody know what Sonia's gonna say? I think it was the Action Alert Against the Earned Act. That was gonna be my last word. So I hope that's what she was gonna say. Call your senators. I think you should start because she's not here. Yeah, a little happier. So let's start with Bruce and we'll go backwards around.  No. Oh, I said such beautiful things. So last words from everybody. I will cede mine to you to say it again. No, no, we'll go around. I'll do it at the end. So this is an issue that isn't going away simply because if you're law enforcement, you want more and more authority. You wanna see everybody's hands and make sure you know where everybody is and what they're saying. And this is an issue that has to be solved above law enforcement. The need for security, for national security trumps the need for law enforcement. And we have to accept that and implement that. And it's getting to the point where this is getting there with is dangerous. It's not about data. It's about things. It's about life and property. The good security in our communications and our devices matters. 5G is not about you watching Netflix faster. It's about things talking to things behind your back. You don't have strong encryption there. Those things can hurt people. So this matters more than ever now. Great. Andrew? So I agree with Bruce that this is not going away and the theme of the history lesson of this session is that this is the same argument over and over again. So not to be a downer but I think we can expect for that to continue. And I think as a result, we should embrace what a report last year from the Carnegie Foundation called the absolutist position, which is the FF's position that no backdoors and never, not one, not ever. And that we should all embrace that that is the absolutist position and that we will continue to hold it. We should not resist any kind of false compromise for the reasons that Erica talked about. The nerding harder is not a compromise. Erica? On a very similar note, this one's for the cryptographers and technologists out there who might be tempted to try to come up with a system that lets both sides be happy. Like, don't try to do it because even if at the end you explain all the nuances and problems with it, some government officials gonna look at it and say, this is perfect, let's implement it now. And even though you had eight paragraphs on why this actually won't work in practice, they'll say, look, if you don't agree with this, you're just being absolutist. So don't help them make their arguments. When we say it's impossible, we mean it's impossible in practice and to help us spread that message. I think that's a really important note. We have seen efforts by law enforcement to get a well-meaning text to try to solve this problem. And what they really want is just a talking point in front of Congress or whoever they're talking to that it can be solved. That's, and we've seen really, some very well-meaning people, I think being really misused in the political debate because they were game enough to try. And so don't be that person, don't fall for that. They're not interested in your technical prowess. They're interested in a talking point and that's not the right place to be. But I wanna finish with what I tried to say, but I was frozen, thank you, Tech. That the Ernit stopping, kill this bill, killing the Ernit Act and all of its sons and daughters is the most important thing on EFF's agenda right now. It's front and center. I know that sounded a little darker than I meant it to. But we need to kill this bill once and for all. It is time for law enforcement to use all of the other tools that they have at their disposal and leave us our security. We need to have our security. As Bruce points out, this isn't a game. This is how we're organizing. This is how we're deciding who's gonna be the next, our next governors. It's how we're gonna protect people against human rights abuses all around the world. It's not a game and law enforcement has plenty of tools at their disposal. They need to leave us our security. So if you do one thing to honor, well, you should do two things. One is you should join EFF so that the next time Andrew or Erica or I stand up in front of people, we can say we represent 100,000 people who care about digital security and give us money to do this. Not the 30,000 we have now. 30,000 is great. I love all you people. We gotta go bigger if we're gonna continue to do this work. And then the second thing you should do is let your member of Congress know that the Earn It Act is a bad idea and that's you understand math and you understand standing up for strong encryption. So thanks everybody. Thank you for this glorious panel and thanks to the EFF staff, Hannah for running this and everyone else. We're just kicking off this. It's gonna get more fun from here. This was fun. It's gonna get funner. So stick with us. Thanks. Bye all.


My question is going beyond just transaction and financial the trust where application in for political and social kind of manifestation. So what does what do you think it's going to take for us to see application of trust where beyond just financial so political and social. That's a good question. What do I expect to see for the application of this technology to the social domain to governance the politics to society beyond the financial time lots of time because this technology has a long way to go to mature. But I also think that before you see it applied in the political sphere. It has to work first in the financial sphere. One of the things that we've seen with Bitcoin which is really astonishing but really promising is that people don't care about passwords. People don't care about private keys. People don't care about security until they have Bitcoin on their smartphone. And suddenly InfoSec becomes an interest if you have money on your smartphone like money real money. And at first you don't think it's real money. But you hold it for a while. And then maybe it goes up in value.  That's real money. That's a lot of money. It wasn't that much last time I looked at it. I was in Prague in a bar having a conversation with someone. And they asked me what I do. And I said I work in Bitcoin. And they said oh I remember that. I mined that back in 2011 on my PC. How's it going. So I said did you keep that PC. I'm not answering the question yet. Did you keep that PC. I said yeah I think I have the hard drive somewhere. Do you remember how much you mined. So not much maybe 150 200 Bitcoin.  At today's price your Bitcoin is seven hundred dollars each. He said no it's not. So I showed him on my smartphone and he went white. I mean he was already white but he went white like a lot whiter. He just started like shaking. And he told his friends I'm going home right now. I could just imagine the scene where he's like digging through hard drives. So I advised him to look for the wallet. But anyway side story the point is you never know when suddenly that little hobby you were doing back in 2011 becomes money. But one thing becomes very real. People start caring about security people who never set passwords people who set their password to password one two three four. And I'm seeing a few faces in the audience here who are going hang on. That's my password. How did you know they start caring about security. Before you go and use this technology to vote you have to take the security seriously. If someone can steal your vote and you don't particularly care about your votes you're going to lose the keys. You're not going to maintain a backup.  So one of the reasons I don't think we're going to see social applications of this is because first you need to care about it. And the only way we found to care about it is to put money on it.


The path to finding a living kidney donor can have its ups and downs. University of Maryland Medical Center's experience team recommends these top 10 strategies when looking for a living donor. Number 1. Acknowledge that this is a difficult ask. Your health is a top priority, and that means you must make this huge ask for a kidney. Number 2. My doctor told me, stress that this is what your team says is best for you. Tell everyone that your doctor told you that a living donor kidney means you will get transplanted faster and with a better quality organ. Number 3. Know the facts and share them. Key facts include, healthy people need only one kidney to stay healthy, even though we are typically born with two. A kidney donor does not need to be a family member. A kidney donor does have to be at least 18 years old. A kidney donor can be any blood type, especially since there are paired exchange programs. The donor operation is minimally invasive and donors recover quickly after surgery. Most donors go home one to two days after the operation. Donors do not need any lifelong medications. The cost of donating a kidney is covered by the recipient's insurance. The donor has a medical team that is separate from the recipient's team. The donor's health is a top priority. When someone decides to take that next step to see if they could be a donor, all of that information is confidential. Number 4. Share information. Since now you know the facts, it's time to share this information and your experience. Talk to people, email and text them, use social media, write letters, don't be shy or quiet about what you need. Repeating yourself is necessary since it may take multiple volunteers before finding a donor. Perseverance is key. Number 5. Engage champions.  They can help amplify your efforts by telling neighbors, friends and even perfect strangers in the checkout line at the grocery store. Number 6. Talk about your dreams. Talk about the future and what you'll do when you get a new organ. Like going on a vacation without worrying about dialysis or walking a daughter down the aisle. Talk about those dreams because a donor can help you achieve them. Number 7. Don't ask at all. Remember those champions? Let them be the ones who set up social media accounts and ask others to consider donating an organ. This means you don't have to ask at all. Others are asking on your behalf. They are called champions for a reason. Number 8. Repeat, repeat, repeat. Find different ways to say the same thing. Use words, photos or even videos. Many people need to hear something 7 or more times before making a decision. Number 9. Stay upbeat. This path to transplantation can be challenging, but a living donor transplant is life changing and makes all this effort worth it in the end. Number 10. Visit the website so you can keep learning and get others to learn with you. Interested donors can visit our website for valuable information, including next steps for being considered as a donor. University of Maryland Medical Center, a better state of care.


Hey guys, my name is Sonali. Welcome back to my channel. Today I'm going to let you guys in on a little secret and tell you guys what actually happens after sorority bid day. I wrote a couple things down in my notes, so these thoughts are pretty random, so sorry if they're not super organized, but let's get started. So if you're a new member running home, you might feel so many emotions at once, like maybe so super excited. Maybe emotional because you got a bid from the sorority you really wanted or maybe super super happy that the week is finally over. In any case, you will be filled with so many emotions at once and it is very overwhelming and you might think, oh my god, what did I just get myself into? But it is so worth it and take it all in. Take so many pictures to remember it, but also don't be on your phone to edit the pictures. Like you can always do that later. You definitely need to take this time to meet as many people and just have so much fun. So after bid day, you usually get a lot of paperwork, like maybe you have to sign something. Maybe there's a packet for your parents to look over, some payment plan type things, maybe stuff about the meal plan, the door codes, stuff like that. And it might feel like a lot of information is kind of getting thrown at you, but personally I was so excited to like receive all these packets. I was definitely that girl who was like reading it so thoroughly. Like I was just so excited and eager to learn everything and anything about the chapter. So when you're running home, you might not feel that instant love for the chapter that gave you a bid because maybe that was your second house on your preff night ranking.  Or maybe you're just not a mushy gushy person and it kind of takes you some time to warm up to people and that's totally normal. Everyone is super different, especially with their emotions. So just try to remember that when if you see a girl crying because she's running home to her bid day buddy, you don't have to cry. Just deal with your emotions, how you deal with them and don't worry about anyone else. Also, if you open your bid day card up and you did get your second choice, please try to be as positive as you can. Because if you waste that day being negative and actually end up loving that chapter later on, you're going to really regret spending bid day in such a negative mood and just like not really wanting to meet a lot of people in the chapter. So I would definitely say give it a chance for like two weeks or a little bit more just to like feel it out for yourself. Also on bid day or the day after, you usually get a mentor that you could go to to ask any questions about what to wear to meetings, what time to be at meetings and anything like that. I mean, even if it's just for school or asking them what their favorite brunch places are around campus, they're there to help you and guide you up to initiation and even after that. So the period between bid day and initiation varies for each chapter. Some can be like as soon as five weeks and some can go as long as a whole semester. And by the way, initiation is when you become an official sister of that sorority. So I would really, really highly recommend refraining from getting any like car decals or just like any decals to put on your laptop until after initiation and plus your bag will probably gift you car decals and stuff like that in your initiation basket because you should only really be putting these decals on your things when you become an official sister of the chapter, if that makes sense. In the weeks leading up to initiation, you'll actually find out a lot more about the sorority in detail. So instead of during recruitment, you'll talk about like your full AFP and why it means something to you. Maybe you'll learn the history behind like the full AFP and why the sorority picked it, stuff like that. And by the way, there's absolutely no hazing at all. So please just don't even worry about that. Don't even think about it because it doesn't happen.  But trust me, it all works out in the end. A lot of sororities organize things with like older sisters like the PC above you so that it's easier to get to know each other and maybe like find people that you connect with that could possibly be your bag. So please take advantage of this because even if you're so set on your bid day buddy to be your bag, this is a great time to get to know older girls. And even if they might not be your bag, you can still make friends like that. There are such things as random bags and there are such things as twins and both of them are not bad at all. I feel like they have such like a negative connotation to them.  So they compare you based on your personality and it almost always works out. A lot of times for twins, your twin could be like your best best friend in the whole sorority. So trust me, those two are really not that bad. And remember during the big little process, please remember to stay positive because if you're negative, that could set like a really bad first impression. There will be so many opportunities to meet your sisters after bid day and please try to take advantage of this. Please try to go to everyone that you can because if you really think about it, it's kind of like a crucial time to be coming around the house and being involved because that's the time you're getting to know the older PC to relate to someone that could possibly be your big and plus you could be making your forever friends in your PC and it will be a whole lot easier to find those people if you start coming around the house and getting involved and participating in like all the events that are happening. If you don't come around the first month, it could possibly set the tone of your involvement in the chapter but you could also change that if you really wanted to. Like for me, I didn't go to like every single meal plan the first month because I was kind of intimidated to come around the house slowly but surely I started coming around a lot more and it just helped me make friends a lot easier. So yes, I said there would be organized events through this sorority but I highly recommend trading around phone numbers in your member class because maybe if you're standing in line for books because it will be the first week of school, you could ask someone to come with you and get to know you there because that line is like always super long. Or just go out for a sweet treat. Like I said, I was kind of intimidated to come around the house and like eat meal plan so you could text anyone in your member class and be like, hey, you're going to lunch, like come with me and stuff like that and if you sort of ease into like the whole Greek life thing, it's always nice to have that buddy. So right after bid day, someone will probably make a group me with your whole member class in it and if this hasn't happened already, you can definitely take the initiative to do it because then in that member class group me, you could like set up like a little movie night for your own member class. I know that's what my member class did when I was a freshman and we would all bring like our own snacks from gas stations and just kind of get to know each other on our own time. Fall semester is already overwhelming enough with football season and just a new course load of classes and on top of that, there's a lot of philanthropy events and stuff to get involved in with your sorority. So all these events means there's double the opportunities this semester. I feel like this is so cliche to say, but my biggest advice is to get involved because this is the way you can meet people first of all and second of all, you can build up your sorority resume. So if you want to run for bigger positions or chairs in the future, then you kind of have that experience of doing the small parts of maybe helping out with a committee or like painting banners or something like that. So I'm definitely not telling you guys to like take on planning a whole event if you don't feel comfortable, but start trying to help out where you can. Speaking of getting involved, it is so important to take the time to do so because if you think about it, you are in the process of becoming an active member. Membership is a privilege and it's important to recognize that by showing up on time, being positive and participating in a lot of the events. On bid day by accepting these bids, you're actually making a commitment to that chapter. So definitely keep that and put your best self out there. One thing that I wish I did more of was keep in touch with my friends from row gamma groups or just people that I met through recruitment. During recruitment, it's kind of frowned upon to talk about like your schedule and your friend schedule and the girl in the other row schedule out loud. So after recruitment, you can pretty much openly talk about it if you feel comfortable doing so. So you can always meet up for coffee and just talk about your experience, maybe the differences and it could be interesting. Plus it's a lot more fun to go to other sororities philanthropy events when you have friends in that sorority.  They have sweatpants on. They're just chilling, getting ready for school to start. And you might find this kind of shocking because you were so used to everyone dressed up and being in like a formal environment. But trust me, we are normal people and we might not have time to like do our makeup every single morning like recruitment. And I want you guys to remember that when you're going through recruitment because it might seem really, really intimidating, but trust me that next week will be a lot more chill. Also, you might see a lot of sisters walking around campus with letters on and please say hi to them or at least smile. It's also a really great way to get to know people just like seeing them on campus. And the longer you put off getting to know more people, the more awkward it gets because if you're in like your third year of being an active member and you don't know like half of your sorority, that's a problem. That's definitely a problem. So break the ice and say hi. Maybe if you're walking the same way, get to know them in that time. So I don't know how many times I can say this, but it is overwhelming. But if it starts getting too much, like maybe you're worried about the finance part. Maybe you're worried about how to handle your time management with school and Greek life. I'm pretty sure any older girl can tell you that they've been through that same panic attack where they just don't really know what to do and maybe their life is like in shambles because everything's going on at once. But before giving up on your own, ask for help. And people will definitely have advice to overcome that feeling. So that's it on my video. I hope you guys enjoyed it. Greek life is something that's kind of hard to understand unless you've gone through it yourself. So if you still are kind of confused about some stuff, just wait for your own experience to happen and everything will start to make sense. So I will see you guys in my next video. Bye guys!


Hi friends and followers, welcome back to my YouTube channel. My name is Daniel Rossell and this channel focuses on life on the ground here in Jerusalem and Israel. From today, there are just 61 days to go until Israeli residents will go to the polls to vote for their local representatives. These municipal elections matter everywhere in Israel, but my attention is naturally most focused on the city in which I live, Jerusalem. Demographically, Jerusalem is a vastly complicated city, and the complicated nature of it can be felt keenly during the local election season. East Jerusalem remains mostly Palestinian and its residents traditionally boycott the elections because they see them as legitimizing Israeli control over the entire city of Jerusalem, which is something that they repudiate. As I mentioned in a previous video, the municipal elections in Jerusalem are shaping up to become a rather stark fighting ground between left and right. Today there was some news on the campaign front that many residents will be glad to hear about, which was the decision of the left parties to merge their electoral lists. Unfortunately, merits Avoda, Isha Tid, and Yossi Havilio have decided to run together in the municipal elections, effectively consolidating the left-leaning parties into one electoral block. Itororut, which sits slightly to the right of the block, welcomed the move, saying that it would help to strengthen their shared opposition to what they said was a rising threat of extremism in Jerusalem. Without mentioning him by name and its statement, it seems as if Itororut was referring to R.E. King, the inflammatory deputy mayor of Jerusalem, who is now running for mayor of the city, and is known for his outspoken and hostile views towards Palestinians and the LGBT community. King is associated with the far-right, ultra-nationalist Otsma Yehudi party and is an ally and supporter of Itamar Ben-Vehr, who heads that party. King was once recorded on camera during a Palestinian resident of Jerusalem, Abu Hummus, saying that if worked to him, he would shoot him in the head instead of in the backside. Itamar Ben-Vehr, in turn, is probably the most controversial politician in Israel today and is well known for his extremist views. Besides the left-center bloc and R.E. King, there are ultra-religious parties who are mostly interested in protecting narrow-sectoral interests. Now, to declare my biases, lest they weren't already obvious, personally, I'm extremely concerned about the threat of rising extremism in Jerusalem. I'm also very much in favour of candidates on the list, which can advance progressive agendas that emphasise job creation and other pragmatic positive measures. Candidates who only vow to reduce the number of LGBT flags on display before the annual Pride Parade, in my opinion, have nothing constructive or hopeful to offer the city and its future. Want to get more videos from me or have thoughts about the future of the city and the upcoming elections? Then please consider liking this video and subscribing to this YouTube channel.


If you're getting your kids battery operated toys this Christmas when they start playing them you're going to start racing through those batteries so why not treat yourself to some rechargeable batteries this Christmas and when your normal batteries run out chuck them in a bag and tie them to the handy of the bin


Yes, Roma wines taste better because only Roma selects from the world's greatest wine reserves for your pleasure. And now, Roma wines, R-O-M-A. Roma wines present. Suspense! Tonight Roma wines bring you Mr. Phil Silver's in the swift rise of Eddie Albright, a suspense play produced, edited and directed for Roma wines by William Spear. Suspense! Radio's outstanding theater of thrills is presented for your enjoyment by Roma wines. That's R-O-M-A. Roma wines. Those better tasting California wines enjoyed by more Americans than any other wine. For friendly entertaining, for delightful dining. Yes, right now a glassful would be very pleasant as Roma wines bring you Phil Silver's in a remarkable tale of... Suspense! Up car, please. Good morning, Mr. Griffin. Good morning. Get back in the car, please. Well, good morning, Miss Wainwright. Hello, Eddie. Morning, Miss Kedridge. Take your way, Eddie. That's all, please. Watch the doors, please. Two, please. Three! Well, that's the way it is with me all day long, see. I got my ups and downs, like they say. But I like it that way, see. Because I'm not going to be doing this forever. I'm not even going to be doing it very much longer at all. Because I got a job as an assistant to Mr. Garvey, the building manager. And the way I handle my car and my customers, I'm going to be a cinch to get it. In fact, I am so much a cinch that I have told Millie that that's what I am already. Millie is the manicureist at the elite barbershop down in Lexington.  I sort of got Millie staked out, see. And that's where I am on this day, when all this happens. Down there getting a manicure for Millie. I will say that you've got real nice hands, though, Mr. Albright.  Well, you see, for a man in my position... But I will also say that you don't really have to have them cared for quite so often. Oh, that's... I mean, I wouldn't tell that to everyone, but some of my customers, I like to give them my very best professional advice, you know? Well, maybe I... Just let your hand relax, Mr. Albright. Yeah. Well, maybe I know that. Maybe I got my reasons. Mr. Albright, I can't imagine what kind of reasons you'd have. Look, for a guy like me, nobody has to stand on many ceremonies, see. For instance, all my friends call me Eddie. Really? Sure, Mr. Galvie and everybody.  That's all right, isn't it? Oh, well, sure. But me calling a customer... Well, it makes a difference, you know? Isn't that all I am? Just another customer. You must hold your hand still, Mr. Albright. Yeah, sure. But what I mean is just because I hold a slightly higher position than somebody else, that don't make any difference to me. That's my idea of democracy. Everybody is just as good as anybody else, of course, unless you're a millionaire or something. No, well, what's so special about a millionaire? I got a customer that's a millionaire and his hands aren't nearly as swan gay as yours. Well, what I mean is I'm not quite in that class yet, but I wish you would call me Eddie. Well, you know, I was thinking about you once or twice. I mean, you're quite young to behold in the position of assistant manager of a big building like the Dunbar building. It started at the bottom, of course, but there's little tricks in getting to the top just like in everything else. Gee, I wished I knew some. Well, take me, for instance. You know how I got where I am? Remembering names and faces, that's how. Yes, sir. When I was just merely an elevator operator... Remembering names. You mean a little thing like that can get you to the... A little thing like that? Listen, how do you suppose Jim Farley got where he is today? Where is he? I don't know where he is right now, but that's how he got to be postmaster general. Just remembering names and faces. Just one little thing, that's all. Well, I don't know. He must have had some kind of other abilities. I mean, he must have been a bug on stamps or some... Oh, Kevin's a bit... Look at that cuticle. Well, maybe one, two little things, but that was the main thing. I'll take me, for instance. Oh! Oh, I'm sorry, Eddie, but you've got to keep your hands still here. Oh, that's okay, Millie. Forget it. But I was just trying to show you something in the paper. See this picture? Yeah. Frankie the nose Maddox. Former New York gangster who escaped from Atlanta six months ago believed to be in the city. Oh, sure, I saw that this morning. Yeah, so did I. And when I saw it, I said to myself, Eddie, you, Eddie Albright, you've seen this guy somewhere before. And just like that, I remember it.  Yeah, but suppose you only seen him three, four times. And it was two, three years ago. And he was always with a whole lot of other people. Eddie, you mean you know Frankie Maddox? No, but I took him up in my car. That was when I was just nearly an elevator operator. I took him up three, four times. There's a rich guy named Elangel. He's in the penthouse on top of our building. And I took him up there. And that was two, three years ago. But right away I remembered, we called the face. Oh, I guess that is pretty good all right. Sure. That's the kind of thing that got me where I am. Yeah, well, some people are lucky, I guess. Well, I don't know. But some people that are lucky like to share their luck with other people. Never stop to think about that. Well, I'm quite sure I don't know what you mean. Well, take you and me, for example. What? Maybe we could be lucky together.  Really? Gee, that'd be awful nice. Well, how about tonight? Tonight? Well, I don't know. Well, I guess I could make it tonight. Okay, now where do I meet? Well, well, well. So, this is where you spend all your time. Oh, hello, Alex. Millie, I just remembered something important. I gotta go out. Yeah, but Eddie, I haven't finished. What's your hurry? You might at least introduce the little lady to your boss. No, no. Don't say that. Oh, dear. Then you must be Mr. Garvey. Millie, that's not... I'm sure I'm pleased to meet you. Mr. Garvey? Say, what's this guy been telling you? Well, I really don't see what's so funny. No, it's not. All I know is that Mr. Albright here is Mr. Garvey's personal assistant in the Dunbar building. Is that what he told you? Look, Alex, can I just... Oh, Eddie, I'm ashamed. How could you do such a thing to such a cute little lady? Eddie Albright, you're gonna sit there and let this man talk to me? You better sit there because I am his boss. Millie, look. I'm chief starter on the Dunbar elevators and little Eddie here is operator number 23. Eddie. And when I say go, he goes. And when I say stay, he stays. Millie, no. Look, Millie, I gotta go. I haven't finished your hand, Mr. Albright. Oh, Millie, let's not be bitter. Well, goodbye. Wow. You can imagine how that made me feel. I felt lower than the third basement. What made it worse, it was all true what I told Millie. I'll accept a little part about being Mr. Garvey's assistant. But I did remember faces. I was gonna get to the top. I was there already, practically. But all I could think of was how I could get even with that starter like Alex Henderson without having him fire me. And pretty soon he came back and I just didn't speak to him. I didn't even look at him. But I could see him grinning all over that ugly pus of his every time he looks at me. And then I see him looking serious and going over to talk to some guys that just came in that I recognize as plain clothes dicks. And then they separate and sort of hang around the lobby trying to look as though they aren't there. And I figure I'll buy my time to get to that, Alex. So pretty soon I amose over to where he is. Well, well, well, if it isn't Mr. Albright.  What are all the dicks doing in the lobby? Well, now I wouldn't tell everyone, but of course an important man like you. Oh, lay off, can't you? What's going on? They had a tip Frankie Maddox was heading for this building. Frankie Maddox? Yeah. Friend of yours? I know what it looks like. I took him up to the penthouse three, four times. Two, three years ago. I never forget. Yeah? Who was with him? General MacArthur? Now look, I'm not kidding. I remember him anyplace. Well, why don't you just go over and speak to the lieutenant over there? Okay, I will. Get back on your car. What, Alex? Get back on your... Look who's coming in the door. Our girlfriend. Our girlfriend? Oh, listen, Alex, I can take just... How do you do, Miss O'Malley? Well, I'm quite well. Thank you, Mr. Henderson. Hello, Millie. I wonder if you could have one of your boys take me up to the penthouse. We got a call at the shop a little while ago for Mr. Elinger. He wanted a manicurist send up. Why, sure, Miss O'Malley. The last car there. Thank you very kindly, Mr. Henderson. Eddie, take the young lady up to the penthouse. Right away. Look sharp. Millie. The penthouse, please. Listen, Millie, I can explain all what I said. And I do not wish to engage in any unnecessary conversation with the help, Mr. Albright. Oh, Millie, that guy's jealous, that's all. He knows when that job comes up, I'm a cinch fit and he won't stand a chance. Huh? He's just trying to get the knife for me, that's all. And that job is coming up and I'm going to get it. Any day now, you'll see. Millie, give me a break. You said yourself it didn't matter even if a guy was a millionaire. I am a very democratic person, Mr. Albright. I have no objection at all to a man being an elevator operator whatsoever, but I do object to his being a big phony. I believe this is my floor. Good day, Mr. Albright. Millie, uh... Hold it, bud. Huh? You hide him, hold it. I'm sorry, but you gentlemen can bring that carpet down this car. You'll have to take the freight elevator. Yeah, there. Now, listen. Get in there. All right, easy now. Okay, stand up, uh, stand it up in that corner. Well, of course, if you gentlemen insist. Okay, that'll do it. Our policy is to give prompt and courteous service to all the occupants in this building. However, the regulation...  But it's against regulation.  Yes, sir. But it's against regulations to carry furniture in the passenger cars. And a big carpet like that. What about a big carpet like that? Well, it's furniture. Well, what do you know? A sunny boy here thinks this is furniture. Well, it ain't furniture. You see, sunny boy? Well, the regulation's to be specific.  Yes, sir. What floor, sir? The basement. Yes, sir. Which basement?  No, sir. But we have three basements in this building. I would like to point... I'll cut stairs up to the street. Yeah, they have stairs. But it isn't... Take us to the first one you come to. Yes, sir. But the building regulations...  Yes, sir. Well, like I say, we believe in giving prompt and courteous service. So I wasn't going to argue with anybody, particularly anybody as big and tough as these two guys look. They wanted to take a carpet to the basement. There was no skin off my knees. It was a big carpet, all right. It was rolled up. And they had it standing in the corner between them. And I glanced at it just casual-like. And then I saw something that made my skin come up and goose bumps all over. Sticking out of the bottom of that carpet was a pair of feet. Hey! Those guys had a dead body in that carpet! For Suspense, Roma Wines are bringing you fill silvers in the swift rise of Eddie Albright. Roma Wines' presentation tonight in Radio's Outstanding Theatre of Thrills... Suspense! Between the acts of suspense, this is Truman Bradley for Roma Wines. Make your Easter Sunday a day of gracious hospitality with America's favorite wine. That's Roma Wine, our O-M-A, Roma, enjoyed by more Americans than any other wine. Your guests will enjoy glorious golden amber Roma California sherry, and to bring out the full goodness of that ham or turkey dinner, serve Roma California burgundy or sautern. Whichever Roma wine you serve, you enjoy an important difference, a superiority in fuller bouquet, richer body and better taste. That's because Roma selects California's choicest grapes. Then, Roma master ventiners with America's finest wine making resources, guide this great treasure unhurriedly to tempting taste perfection. Later, with Roma Wines of years before, these choice treasures await selection from the world's greatest wine reserves for your pleasure. So tomorrow, for your best buy in good taste, insist on Roma Wine, R-O-M-A, Roma, the greatest name in wine. And now Roma Wines bring back to our Hollywood soundstage Phil Silver's in the swift rise of Eddie Albright, a tale well calculated to keep you in suspense. Well, when I saw those two tough guys had a body rolled up in that carpet, I just stood there at the controls of my car and tried to keep my knees from knocking until we got down to the first basement. Is this the basement? Huh? I say is this the basement? Yes, sir. Okay. All right. Let's lift it easy. Can I help you? No, never mind. Got it? All right, sunny boy. You can beat it. Yes, sir. And listen, bud. Yes, sir? If I was you, I'd forget I ever seen this carpet. Understand? Yes, sir. What carpet? Where you been, big shot? Oh, oh. I had to take a tenant down to the basement. The basement? Yeah. Somebody from the penthouse wanted to see the super about something. Oh, I see. I thought you was going to stick around and help the cops catch Maddox when he shows up. Okay, Alex, you think I'm kidding. But I do know what he looks like. Yeah, with his mug all over the paper? Sure. You and a million other people. I mean what he looks like. For instance, I remember he's a medium-sized small guy about my size. Oh, a shrimp. All right. But you wait. If that guy comes in, there is building. I'll spot him and I'll get him. All right, everybody. All right. That's the lieutenant. It must be Maddox. Maddox. Now, there's no danger, folks. No danger. We're just trying to locate somebody. Say, I gotta go. You stay here. I just remembered a party up on the 15th floor. You stay. I figured the cops had everything under control about this Maddox and there was no use of my button in it until they meet me. And so I'm sort of getting my breath and going past the ninth floor before I noticed the little guy in the car with me. A nice-looking little guy and he speaks to me real friendly. What's all the excitement down there? Oh, well, they think some gangster named Maddox is losing the building somewhere. Do they? Yeah. Maybe it was a good idea we started up when we did, huh? Oh, I don't know. Don't worry me, nun. What floor? Uh, the, uh, the penthouse, please. Oh, you're looking for Mr. Ellinger? That's right. My girl's up there with him right now. Your girl? Yeah. She's a manicureist. Mr. Ellinger sent for her a little while ago for a manicure. Oh. Well, here's your floor. Uh, say, wait a minute before you open those doors. I, uh, got a little proposition to make to you. Uh, proposition? Yeah, you see, Mr. Ellinger's an old pal of mine. He's a great guy for gags. I haven't seen him for quite a while. I want to pull one on him, see? Oh, well, yeah, but... I want to borrow your uniform if we just swap coats. That's enough. It'll only take a minute. The whole thing. Oh, I'm sorry. I couldn't do anything like that. The regulations... Sure, sure, I know. Uh, what, uh, would this help? Oh, no, I couldn't. You see, if a hundred bucks... Sure, with me and Ellinger, it's anything for a gag. And, uh, like I say, it'll only take a minute. Well, I don't know but a hundred bucks. Oh, here, go on, take it. Now, give me your coat, here's mine. Well, you sure it'll only take a minute? That's right. Okay, here. Okay, now let's go.  Yeah, sure. I'll prop the car doors open. Sorry, but... Millie! Eddie Albright, for heaven's sakes, now what? Who is she? Oh, that's my, uh, that's Millie that I told you about. Where's Ellinger? Well, I'm sure I don't know and I've been waiting quite a while and if I have to wait much longer... You sure he's not home? Well, I should be and if I have to wait much longer, I'm simply going to have to charge him the full rate anyway and if you're a friend of his, I wish you'd tell me... Yeah, sure, sure, I'll, uh, I'll fix it for you. We'll come in and wait. As for you, Mr. Albright, of course it's no business of mine. But if you want to throw away your job and your whole career... I've got my reasons, Millie. Come on. Well... Yeah, but you said it would only take a minute.  A hundred dollars? See, I told you.  Are you implicating that this... Well, I must say, someone has given you the wrong kind of an oppression entirely? Yeah, okay, but you two could do quite a lot with a couple of hundred bucks, couldn't you? Suppose, uh, you wait here in the front room, Miss. We'll go on inside. But don't tell Mr. Albright that you were here. We want a surprise. Yes, sir, of course. I have two hundred dollars. Listen, I can't wait long enough. Yeah, sure, I know. In here. Let's, uh, go out on the balcony. Ah, it's nice up here. Yeah, I always wanted a penthouse.  Yeah, there's that. Boy, I just wish I could lay my hands on that guy. Oh, Maddox? Yeah, boy, if I could just capture him single-handed or something. What's the matter? You got something against the guy? Oh, no, no, Mr. Mason. No, Mr. Mason. I got nothing against him. But I got to do something pretty quick. Falling around with guys like this Maddox could be a little unhealthy, though. Couldn't it? Yeah, there's that. But well, you see, Mr. Mason, I got to do something for Millie. Oh. I don't know, she seems like a nice kid. She doesn't seem like the kind of expecting a crazy grandstand plays with my guy. Oh, she wouldn't, Mr. Mason. Millie's the top. She's aces. But you see, well, I already made one and it flopped. It was a terrible flop. Oh, showing off for a dame, huh? Like a little kid. Yeah, I guess so, Mr. Mason. I guess I made an awful fool out of myself. But, well, now I got to do something to make up for it. Listen, Eddie, a dame that's any good, she doesn't expect anything special of a guy. If she does lay off because she's poison, take my word for it, I know. Maybe I wouldn't be where I am today if I hadn't tried to show off for a dame. Just like you. I was a punk kid. I didn't know any better. Gee, Mr. Mason, I wouldn't say where you are today is so bad. Being able to pass out $100 bills like you do it. Yeah. Well, you get older. You see things a little different sometimes. How'd you come to louse it up with her? Well, you see, it began by me telling about this job that I got as assistant to Mr. Garvey, the building manager. Only I don't have it yet. And then Alex, he's the starter. He tips her off. And then I'm trying to explain to her when I bring her up here. Only I don't get a chance because these two mugs are getting in my car with a big helmet. The two have come from the penthouse here. I guess they're working for Mr. Elinger. And they got a big rolled up carpet. And they want to go down to the basement. And I told them the regulations. But, gee, maybe I shouldn't be saying this after what they told me. What did they tell you? Well, about the carpet, they said. Carpet. So that's it. Well, I guess it's OK to tell you, Mr. Mason. But I was scared. Well, there was a body in that carpet. Gosh, you don't suppose that's why Mr. Elinger... And listen, Eddie, you stay right here, see. But Mr. Mason, my coat... I'll be back in two minutes, kid. Then you'll be all set. The basement, huh? Yeah, but Mr. Wade, Mr. Mason... You stay here. If you want your coat back. Friend has left you holding the bag. Oh, Millie, I don't know. Everything is going wrong today. Well, you can't say that your friends or those who were your friends didn't give you fair warning. You mean you're still my friend? I didn't say that. I just hope that Mr. Alex Henderson is your friend when you try to explain to him what happened to your uniformed coat. Alex Henderson. Listen, Millie, you don't see anything in that guy, do you? Well, he's just a common starter. I think Mr. Henderson is a very high-tight gentleman and not a big phony. Him? Well, he's no voice. And at least he is not ashamed of his position. He is too. And seeing that he is your superior, I feel... Yeah, well, it won't be for long. I can tell you that right now. All right, Maddox, reach. What? Don't try to stall him, Max.  They got guns. Maddox, hey, listen, I'm not Maddox. What do you think you're kidding? We know you've been having a doctor change your face the last six months.  Well, you were a little late. You know why? Listen, fellas, you got it wrong. Don't you remember? I'll tell you why, because... And we got tipped off and we got Ellen Gerardo here in a carpet. How do you like that? You know who is going to get it? You, Maddox. Oh, no. Hey, look, my girl, she fainted. Now, she's in luck. You got any last words, Maddox? Wait a minute. Listen, I'm not Maddox. I'm the elevator boy. I never thought I'd see you crawl, Maddox. Look, don't you remember? I took you down with the carpet to the basement. Oh, go ahead. I'm getting a big boot out of this. Wait a minute. Maybe she's got something. Come over here, you. Yes, sir. Well, I think it is the elevator punk. That's me, sir. That's the elevator punk. That's me.  What do you think? I don't know. What happened to your uniform, punk? Well, there was a man. He was in my car. All right. Turn around and get it. Maddox. What happened those next few minutes? I'll never know. I was down on the floor until the shooting stopped and then it was awful still. And I opened my eye and looked around. And Mr. Mason, only he was Maddox. I recognized him. And the two mugs were lying on the floor and they weren't moving either. And then I saw Millie lying there, too, and I rushed over to her. And I took her my arms and then she opened her eyes. So I knew she was all right. So I rushed back to Mr. Maddox to see if I could help her. And the economy, he was nice to me, whatever he was. But he was dead all right, I guess. And I took the gun out of his hand and then all of a sudden the room was full of people, cops, and Alex Henderson. And even Mr. Garvey. And the whole planet around me and everybody was saying something different. Uh, it's Maddox all right, Chief. He's got identification. What happened here? Is that the missing operator, Henderson? That's right, Mr. Garvey. Who's the girl? My officer. He's got a gun in his hand. Give me that, son. Yes, sir. Well, say, son, you must have been mixed up in this little party yourself, huh? Where'd you get the gun? Well, Lieutenant, it's Maddox's gun, isn't it? That's right, Chief. That's what must have happened. Maddox gunned the two hoods and then the kid jumped him. Yeah? Well, that took a lot of courage, son. Is that what happened? Well, sir...  Don't be afraid. Oh, no, Mr. Garvey. I'm not afraid. I'm perfectly... Just tell us what happened, son. Well, what happened? Yes, sir. That's what happened all right. What you said, Mr. Maddox made me come in here and change clothes with him.  I know, guys, on the force wouldn't have dared do that. Eddie! Did she see it? I fainted. Well, say, young man, you certainly are to be congratulated. Thanks, Mr. Garvey. Yes, sir. You're the type of man we need on the Dunbar building staff, which reminds me, there's a position, as my personal assistant coming open, I think you could fill it. Come and talk to me about it in the morning. Oh, yes, sir, Mr. Garvey. Oh, Eddie! Hey, Chief! Yeah? Look, Maddox, he's alive. So he is. Yeah. He can talk! He can talk? How about it, Maddox? Is that what happened? What, uh, happened? The kid here says you gun the other two and he overpowered you, and you got it in the struggle for the gun. Is that what happened? The, uh, the kid there overpowered me? Oh. Yeah, I assure you. Yeah, the kid just, uh, overpowered me. He's gone. Gosh! The reason I told this, well, Millie and I got married when I got the job of Mr. Garvey, and, well, something pretty important is gonna happen pretty soon, and, well, I got to think of what Mr. Maddox said, and I told Millie the whole thing, because I didn't want to have a kid who could ever say his old man was a big phony. Good morning, Mr. Albright. Alex? Uh, car three, sir. Uh, take Mr. Albright right up. Oh, thank you, Alex. I've been watching your work doing grand, grand. Now, just look alive. Well, shall we go? Up, up, quickly, boy, up. Suspense. Presented by Roma Wines, R-O-M-A, Roma. America's favorite wines. This is Truman Bradley bringing back to our microphone the star of tonight's suspense play, Phil Silver's. Well, Phil is a screen comedian. Your usual job is to keep people in stitches and change tonight. Truman, believe me, it's a lot easier to make people scared than it is to make them smile. Well, would top-flight comedian like yourself object to a tip on how to make folks smile? Hey, the last time I got a good tip was when a guy mistook me for a waiter. But go on ahead. Old Silver's needs a little polish. My judge, that's a good one. Polish? Did you get it? Well, Phil, if you want to see smiles of satisfaction on the faces of your friends, just serve them Roma wine. To help you, here's a hamper of Roma wines with the compliments of Roma, in wine. Say, I'll take that tip, and the Roma wine with thanks, Truman. Among the fine Roma wines in your hamper, Phil, you'll find a bottle of Roma California Burgundy. Roma Burgundy is good anytime and a special favorite at Easter. Millions prefer Roma Burgundy as the perfect flavor mate with a traditional Easter ham, turkey, or roast. Yes, red, robust Roma Burgundy with its full, fragrant bouquet and tempting taste brings out all the rich natural flavor of red meats, adds friendliness, good taste, and distinction to any meal. Roma Burgundy at Easter, Roman. And, Phil, in all Roma wines, you enjoy an important difference, an extra goodness in fuller bouquet, richer body, and better taste. Yes, Roma wines taste better because Roma selects the better tasting wines from the world's greatest reserves. That's why more Americans enjoy Roma than any other wine. Well, that's good enough for me, Truman. And may I add a credit? Phil Silver's is currently being seen in his living room. Thank you. You've been devoted. Tonight's Suspense Play was written by Roy Grandy and Robert Richards. Next Thursday, same time, you will hear Mr. Kirk Douglas as star of Suspense. Produced and directed by William Spear for the Roma wine company of Fresno, California. In the coming weeks, Suspense will present such stars as Ava Gardner, David Niven, Lloyd Nolan, Lynn Barry, and others. Make it a point to listen each Thursday to Suspense, radio's outstanding theater of thrills. Stay tuned for the thrilling adventures of the FBI in peace and war, which follows immediately over most of these stations. This is CBS, the Columbia Broadcasting System.


Hey y'all, it's Timmy and today we're making my favorite dried beans, butter beans, and I made them into a soup, we're having some cornbread. Alright, today I'm in the mood for some butter beans and I bought some ham we're gonna put in them as well, so I'm gonna put my butter beans in my pot, I'm gonna add a little chicken bouillon and we're gonna cover them with water, alright this ham was by one get one free this week at the grocery store, it is cubed ham, and so we're gonna add to our beans, this is gonna be like a bean soup, your water needs to be at least two knuckles high over your beans, I'm gonna add a little portion of an onion, I'm gonna slice it pretty thin, by the time it cooks you won't even know it's in there except the flavor, okay I'm making a soup out of this so I'm gonna add just a couple of shakes of mustard, this is ground mustard, white pepper, and dill weed, everybody likes sauerkraut and stuff like that with pork so I think it would be really good to put a little dill weed in this, and of course we got to add a little salt, we'll add a touch of black pepper, I'm gonna bring this to a boil and I'm gonna boil it for 20 minutes and then after that we're gonna turn it down to low, a low simmer until they're nice and soft and ready to eat, they've simmered for 20 minutes or boiled for 20 minutes, we're gonna stir them up add water to the till they're covered, they really swell up big, and then put a lid on them and we're gonna simmer them until they're nice and soft, I have a pound of cornbread with some really good supper, and you're gonna start out using our volume one cookbook and it's crunchy cornbread, I will show you what I put in mind for the recipe it's always listed at the bottom of the post, I melt butter in the bottom of my bowl and I add two cups of cornmeal, now this is white lily cornmeal mix, in other words it's self-rising cornmeal, this is my favorite cornmeal mix, it is white lily and rich white cornmeal, buttermilk self-rising, all right we're gonna add about a tablespoon of sugar to it, one egg, that six tablespoons of melted butter in there, I use butter and oil in my cornmeal, so now all we gotta do is add the buttermilk, you take about a cup and a half of buttermilk, I like to use whole buttermilk, it's really according to what kind of buttermilk you got as to how much it's gonna take, because the non-fat or low fats a lot thinner and it don't take as much as the whole buttermilk, so if you're using whole buttermilk like I am, you gotta add a little extra, just go by the recipe if you'd like, but when you mix that cornbread you want it to look a little bit wet looking, not like real runny or anything, you don't want it like pancake mix, you want it about like that, so give it about like that, now we're gonna grease our skillet, I have somebody tell me their cornbread wouldn't crunchy on the bottom, the only way your cornbread wouldn't be crunchy on the bottom if you do it like me, is if you don't flip it out as soon as it comes out of the oven, and you gotta use plenty of crisco, but enough grease in the bottom that it's gonna make it nice and crunchy, also sprinkle it with a little bit of cornmeal mix, now we're gonna put our cornmeal mix in here, I love the way it smells, now we like savory cornbread in my area, let's not waste any, all right we're gonna get this in the oven at 425 degrees for a good 25 minutes at least, palm of cornbread 425 degrees, tell us good brown, it's nice and brown and toasty, don't get it out too soon, flip it out as soon as it comes out of the oven upside down, so that it stays nice and crunchy on the top, got my cornbread in there, and yeah it's a bowl of butter beans, but I'm calling it soup because I put different stuff in it that I normally do, and I'm gonna eat it like soup, it's gonna be my delicious supper, that is so good, it is definitely my favorite dried bean, so good, thanks for watching Colored Valley Cooks, where we cook, blot mama dead, bye y'all love ya