Without further ado, I'd like to start today's proceedings by introducing Dr Martin Duke-Yarmus, who's founder and CEO of Moodle. He's going to be giving our opening keynote address, which is on the future of education technology. Most of you know Martin, but for those of you who have been living under a rock, Martin Duke-Yarmus is best known as the founder and CEO of the Open Source Moodle Project. As CEO of Moodle Pty Ltd, based in Perth, Australia, he leads the company of 70 software developers and educators that guide and support the Moodle Project. Martin's got an academic background, multiple postgraduate degrees in computer science and in education, including an honorary doctorate from the Universitat de Vic in Catalonia, and the Université catholique de Louvain in Belgium, and he continues his research in focusing on how technology can support teaching and learning in human and open ways. So please do welcome to the stage Dr Martin Duke-Yarmus. How are we for microphones? All right. Thank you, lovely Doug. And look at this big beautiful group of people here. It's so nice to see you all again. It's been probably at least half of you. I know really well and you come every year. I would just love to sit down and have a big long conversation with you, but that's not going to be now because I have so much information I got to dump on you about 120 slides. So I'm going to do it. This is the time where I'm going to do that and give you the overview. Lots of other things coming up over the next couple of days, including the party. So if there's anything you want to talk about, come and catch me. I'm really keen to talk. I am having very busy times at the moment. In the last year, I traveled 380,000 kilometers. It's around the world about 11, 12 times. 65 cities. And what I've been doing is as well as a lot of Moodle events, I've been going to a lot of non-Moodle events and really representing Moodle at other things. And that's been a really interesting change. There were some guerrillas in Rwanda there. There's some conferences. I've been in Africa and India and Asia and everywhere right around the planet. I want to talk a little bit about Moodle philosophy, what we're trying to do, where we're coming from, what I think educators need, what we think educators need, what the current projects are, and then the future. So it's a very stock standard from the past to the future kind of presentation, but somebody's got to do it and it's me. So first of all, our mission. I always need to show this. You've probably seen it a million times, some of you, but this is the mission. We are about empowering educators to improve our world. Stress on the educators. We're unlike other education projects that seek to replace educators. We are about making platforms. We are about making the most effective platform. And that involves a lot of research and development and continue ongoing growth as technology changes. And we're supported by very strong values. We have these five values that underpin the project, and these are the kinds of values we want to see in people who are joining with the project. Education as a value. Education being valued every situation being seen as a possible education situation. With that mindset, you can achieve a lot. Openness. The word openness is abused these days in many ways. Open washing happens. A lot of people say they're open, but openness really means being very as open as possible, making things available, making paid options optional, and things like that. Openness doesn't always mean free. I mean money, as someone was saying yesterday, money is just energy, right? So you need money in an economy around everything. People need to eat and live, but openness means how do you do all of that in the most open way, the most inclusive way? Respect. Respect for everyone in our own community, but also other communities around, and also not only our own culture, but other cultures. Thinking about accessibility, thinking about multiculturalism and all of that. Integrity. We try and be a company with integrity. We're not a profit-focused thing.  Everything has to be connected to our mission, and we want to be fair. We want to make sure everybody is treated equally and has the opportunity to be included. And lastly, this is all about innovation. And in the UK and Ireland, more than many parts of the world, this is a very well-developed Moodle place. And so many of you are innovating on top of the Moodle platform. And I'm really excited to see all these presentations coming up today and tomorrow, because I'm going to see things I've never seen before built on Moodle, and I love that. So I'm really excited to be seeing all the innovations people are doing. I was looking at the stats recently, and these are just registered sites. And I realized that in a two-month period, we added a million courses just in the registered sites. Now, it's true. Some of those are probably universities that are rolling over their courses and making copies or something for the next year. I'm sure that's a lot of that happening. But 200 million new quiz questions, how did you feel when you read that, Tim? Pretty good? Pretty scared? Yeah. Well, that's the responsibility that we feel as developers. We've got numbers like that around. There's 1.6 billion quiz questions in the world. But there was a summary search done last year, looking at higher ed and what is the main LMS platform used. And globally, Moodle's around 60%. And unfortunately, most of the people who write news about LMS tend to be in the US. So they're focused on that situation where Moodle, Canvas, Blackboard are level pegging it. But in most of the world, Moodle is just the thing. When I go to eLearning Africa, it sort of starts turning into a Moodle conference just automatically because everybody's using that there. So that's where we are. We're in a place where we have some software that is used very widely and has a lot of people building on it and great values and emission and so on. So what about the future? What do educators need from here? Well, let's break it down. Let's look at the mission again. We're about empowering. What does empowering mean? And why did we pick that word? What gives educators power? It's very interesting. You can't translate power very easily in all languages. Power is one of those funny human concepts that is quite a tricky one to grasp. Well, when I talk about power, I talk about tools. I talk about resources, having people to reach out to, having content, having money, having things around you, and skills. So the skills to use these things in an education situation, how do you actually apply it at the actual coal face when you're trying to make some people learn? So let's look at Moodle's projects through that lens. These three things. So these are all the things we are working on right now. And it's quite a lot for if you just looked at the Moodle company, which is currently 75 people, we've doubled in about the last year. But still, it's 75 people. We're not talking about 100,000 at Infosys or Google or something like that. 75 people in the middle. So we're very lean operation. But we have the support of all our partners, of this community, of all of you, and more that I'm going to talk about. These are the major projects. So let's talk about Moodle Core. Now, we've started calling Moodle the LMS product, just Moodle Core. Internally, we were calling it Moodle Core anyway, but we weren't doing that on websites. Now we are. So when we say Moodle Core, it's just Moodle that you know. So let's look at Moodle 3.6, the last release. Anybody upgraded to 3.6 already? Anyone? Oh, I will get about 20 people. I understand big organization cycles. And a lot of you might be getting 3.6 next year. But something that was new here with 3.6 was we dedicated it to somebody in the community. Previously, you may remember, I used to use a little picture of my kids ever since they were born. And they grew up and now my daughter's 18, can you believe it? So I've decided to stop putting my kids on those release photos because it's a little bit, it was a bit of a Well, they're not embarrassed. They loved it. They were really looking forward to it every six months. No, no, but I think it's a personal vanity really that I wanted to get rid of. So we released, we dedicated it to Tom. And Tom Murdoch, many of you may know him. He died, unfortunately, at a Moodle Moodle, at the Denver Moodle Moodle, the U.S. Moodle Moodle. And he's a very, very good friend to many of us. And he and I founded Moodle Rooms together back in the day, a long time ago. And he was used to number 596 on Moodle.org. So it gives you an impression. He was right there from the beginning. And we were very, very sad to see him pass. He was also working at Moodle HQ. And so we did that. But this release is looking pretty, quite pretty. I don't know if you've been using Moodle late, if you're up to recent versions, but we have quite nice looking dashboard. We've broken up the dashboard into different blocks. We now have a focus on improving the group messaging inside Moodle because, well, if you think about how you use your phone and how everyone's using your phone, 50% of the time you're in some sort of messaging system. So Moodle's messaging is going to grow significantly. It's very controllable in Moodle because not everybody wants their students' messaging. So you can control it by group, by course. We have integrations with NextCloud. We all love using Google and Office 365. But NextCloud is an option that's actually an open source option, a replacement for these that's becoming very viable. We have audio and video improvements, especially in assignments. So you can now record audio and video feedback to a student on an assignment. And there's improvements in queers with drag and drop questions. And when you make copies of things in the course formats, there's a bit more improvements here. There's a feature that's been floating around for a couple of years that finally got implemented, which is you can freeze a context. You can freeze a course or a course category or even an activity, locking it into read-only mode. So you can still see it, but you can't change it, which is useful for lots of scenarios. And if you look at the plugins database, we're up to about nearly 1,600 plugins from nearly 900 developers. So that's the innovation part. That's so much stuff is being developed, and a lot of you have a hand in that. Middle 3.7 is what's coming up in a month or so. And some of the things you're going to see are there's been a lot of work done on the themes. So we've now brought all of the themes into line. They're all bootstrap. So there's a new classic theme that replaces all the old themes. So even if you don't like the boost look, you can still keep the old-fashioned look, classic look, let's call it. I think that's a nice name for it. And you can build themes on that while still having bootstrap for at your fingertips. And that means in the content, we can do whizzy things with animations and all that cool CSS stuff in the content within that theme framework. There's been some work on discussions. I'm just highlighting a couple of random things. There's 100 new things. I'm just picking a few at random. You can do personal replies directly into foreign posts. There's a lot of improvements around messaging. Messaging is being pushed forward every release. There are improvements around open badges. You can now use competencies to release badges. And you can also now connect the badge export to not only Mozilla's backpack, which was really the only option before and is now closed down, or will be closing down. You can connect to Badger.io or any backpack that's out there. There are improvements in the analytics. You can now create new models and export and import models. And the analytics is always being pushed forward as well. Analytics being the analysis of log data so that you have actionable results coming out of it to help guide you. I would love to see this eventually turned into a kind of an AI chat bot that's sort of assistant and assistant saying, hey, this is happening. This is happening. Why don't you try this? Yes, I'll do that for you, sir or madam. And course custom field types. So these are the kinds of things that are landing in core. Some of them are being developed by Mudo HQ. Some of them from the community. Many, many, many features. And the reason why I've got this logo is up here is because we've decided to dedicate this release to a very important member of our community, which is the Open University. Can I have everyone from the Open University stand up here? Thank you. Now, it's like about six or seven of you. I just want to say thanks to you guys. These guys didn't know about this. So this is a bit of a pre announcement. It was going to be on the, you can sit down there, Mark, if you want. But yes, Tim. I did not. So even better, 50th birthday. Yeah. Cool. Thanks, Tim. The Open University has been a huge supporter of Moodle for many, many years. Tim is in the, personally, up in the top three or four programmers of all time of contributions to Moodle. Sam Marshall as well, big contributor and Mark and many others. But as an organization, they've been very, since 2006 or something have been a real supporter of ours. They funded the development of roles and capabilities back in 1.9 or something, 1.7. Gosh. And you know, have always been there and are still using Moodle and still a huge supporter of Moodle. So thanks to the Open University and I'll write up something better and I'll send you guys a lovely certificate you can hang on your wall. So Moodle 3.8 and beyond, there are lots and lots of things coming down the pipe. Since about four or five months ago, we now have a chief product officer at Moodle. Someone who has that role of coordinating all of the products that we have and looking after roadmaps. Her name is Gree Steen. I should have a photo of here but I didn't put it on this presentation. G-R-Y. You're going to be seeing her a lot more. And she'll be publishing a public roadmap keeping you up to date on what's coming. And the idea is that we're able to do this for a year in advance. So you can start seeing for the next couple of releases what's coming in and the bigger features. But we are very much dependent on you to help drive that roadmap. This afternoon, we're having a session, a roadmap session. And as I tweeted earlier, what's going to happen is I want all of you to bring your best ideas for roadmaps, not only in Moodle Core but all products. And we're going to go through a process where one of those ideas will emerge victorious as the most popular idea. The person who presented that idea will get a free registration to our global moot in Barcelona. So there's an actual prize attached. One of the things that we'll be landing that I might excite a lot of you is we're working on the H5P integration and inclusion into Moodle Core. Someone said yes. I know a lot of people would like to see that. I would love to see that too. But we really want H5P to be at your fingertips in the editor, in the quiz questions, integrated properly so that grading and any assessments that happen in those rich content modules will flow through into grade books and all of that stuff. Of course, Moodle.org is where you go for Moodle Core. I'm going to go over time with this presentation. I can feel it. All right, Moodle Workplace. Anybody here heard of Moodle Workplace? Half of you? So we have been working for the past year on a Moodle that is focused at organizational learning and development. What I mean is more internal learning development. It's sometimes called corporate learning or training. And you might not know that about 60% of the royalties that Moodle partners pay to us from all their activities around the world actually come from that sector. Not so much from the higher-ed sector. I know most people here are from higher-ed, right? How many people here in higher-ed? Just kind of a show of hands. Well, it's looking like about 80%. How many people here would say that this is more interesting to them than Moodle Core? Probably about 15, 20 of you. So we've put a lot of effort together with our partners to build a flavor of Moodle.  All of those partners had been working on various bits and pieces of it. There's been many other attempts at making Moodle more suitable for that. This is the definitive one. And we've worked together to get the best of all of that and have a new baseline. And this will be tracking the development of Moodle every release. So as Moodle develops, this will be developing on top of it. And in fact, a lot of the features developed for Moodle workplace will be trickling down into Moodle Core over time. Because a lot of these things are quite useful for higher-ed in things as well. So we're talking about things like multi-tenancy, which means you can have multiple departments or companies running on one Moodle instance, but they appear to be separate. Organization hierarchy, so you can have managers who can see what their teams are doing and they can approve things. You can have certifications, which are common. And, you know, often in a corporate environment, you might have to do a health and safety training every six weeks or six months or something. We have a new report builder, a graphical report builder. You drag and drop in fields and build reports on the fly. Programs, which are really exciting. A program is when you say, as a student, you have to do this course and then you have to pick one of these three. And then you have to do these two. And only then can you do that one. And then eventually you'll get some certification. So you can run a whole sequence of things. Dynamic rules and more. And there's other presentations about this. I'm not going to go into too much detail about workplace. In fact, I'm going to skip this video for time, but I'm talking about it this afternoon. And I think Ruslan is talking about it tomorrow. There is a bit of a difference. This will only be available through Moodle Partners. And I know that's contentious, but this is part of the sustainability of our project. The partners and I, partners of Moodle have built this for a, this purpose to generate revenue for the Moodle project. It's what's helping pay for Moodle core. And delivering it this way lets our partners have something of more value. It brings value to the partnership program, while also stimulating development in core and everything else. So that's how we're doing it for now. And I hope you'll be really happy when you start seeing these things drop in future versions of Moodle core as well. Moodle apps. So we have our apps, we have some of our apps team here at the conference. If you want to talk to them, they're on, there's a booth out there with Juan and others. Our app is really a big focus for us. We really want to make it a strong thing. And I think it is the strongest app of any learning platform in the world in that 100% of what students need to do can be done just in the app. They never need to go to the website. And last year, we really improved how third party plugins can work on the app. And there'll be more of that talk at this conference this time. And we have a desktop app which is always there as well so you can run it on a laptop. If you think you might need a branded app, I really encourage you to get one. We have a lot of institutions now around the world, growing number, taking up the branded app option and it's really working well. Google, sorry, Apple started changing the rules on their app store. We had to change how we do it but we've worked all these issues and so we're full steam ahead again. Apple don't allow one company to make a lot of apps for other companies. Everybody needs to have an app store developer license now through Apple. So that's made it a bit more complex but we've got it all working. So, yeah, we can make an app that looks like your institution. And the value for students is immense. I mean, they're going to search the app store for your institution and download the app with the logo and log straight into your site. Now, that's all tools. So, resources. I've already mentioned Moodle Partners. I just realized how to Moodle is left off there. I'm really sorry, Ray. That's just my error, drag and dropping. So, it's also how to Moodle, one of the oldest Moodle partners in the U.K. and Innovation, eLearn, Titus Learning, Catalyst and Citigie Learning. And what the hell have left off eThink as well, the new Moodle partner. That's what happens when you do things in a rush. So, shout out to eThink as well who are here. Sorry about that, guys. A lot of partners in the U.K. And we've also got integration partners and this is something that we're really building up in the future is to have an arrangement with other companies and put a lot of development time and focus into the integration to make sure it's a good integration, a strong maintained integration that you can rely on. And we have a lot of people in the queue that we're working on and it's not an easy process. We're not just signing them up and saying, yeah, you're an integration partner. We're making it something really meaningful. So, you can find out about them on Moodle.com partners. Moodle Cloud, we're up to about 32,000 Moodle sites running on Moodle Cloud. It's a huge big machine and it runs incredibly smoothly. It's a small team running it. But if you just need a Moodle site for a quick demo, you want to try the latest version or you just want to have a little side course or something, it's a perfect for that. It's like a good place to have a small Moodle and we have a lot of take up around the world for that. That feels a lot of gaps. There's a lot of people out there who can't install Moodle for whatever reason. It feels that gap. Moodle Net. I'm going to talk very briefly about this. Doug will talk all about it this afternoon. But the key purpose of Moodle Net is to start connecting Moodlers and educators around content and around professional development, around making learning about how to teach online through example, looking at best practice, talking to people who are already doing it, and pointing each other to resources that really make their job easier. And here's some few screenshots. It's really coming together. Last year we were just talking about it as a kind of an, it was just an idea. Now we actually have prototypes and things are actually happening and you can start trying it. So it's a pretty exciting to see it coming along. Still got a way to go, but I'm really excited by the potential of this project. It's something that no one else is doing in the world quite the way we're doing it. Lastly, I want to talk about development partners and this is where things are starting to get very interesting. Moodle as a community is what it is, but there are many, many other actors out there involved in the future of education. I've shown these people before, but since last year, things are moving with these organizations and we're becoming partners with them. We're working on projects with them. These are mostly NGOs who have a lot of funds to put into particular projects, in particular parts of the world, and they usually use Moodle. Last year I was in e-learning Africa and a very lovely sweet lady comes up to me about this tour and Indian lady and she says, I'm your biggest fan. And I said, hi, who are you? And she goes, I run the e-learning division at the World Bank in Washington. And I said, okay. She goes, we've been using Moodle for 10 years. Every time we do a loan to a country to help fix some disaster or whatever it is, they usually want their money back. It's a bank, right? It's a good sort of bank, but they don't just give out money for free. That's how they work. So they need these projects to succeed and achieve the sustainability goals that they have and pay them back. And so to make sure they succeed, they have to educate everybody. And so to educate everyone, they always use Moodle. And I was like, should we not be talking more? So I went to Washington and spent a couple of hours with the whole team there and all these things are coming out of it. These are the kinds of people we need to be working with more. And I know a lot of you have connections with some of these and maybe some of these. People building infrastructure because what we're all doing with Moodle and with other software in education is we're building infrastructure at our institutions. We're building the platform on which our students are going to learn in the future. And Moodle is one example where the energy from all those individual activities is being centralized into one piece of software that we all can benefit from. But there are so many other things around the world. And I really want us to start thinking about the infrastructure level and how we work together better. I'm also getting involved in a similar way with other associations. As of last week, I'm now on the board of the Open Education Consortium, which has 300 or so members around the world that are focused on open education in a wider context. So that includes OERs and things too. But it's just the whole concept of teaching online and being open online, MOOCs and all of that stuff. E-Learning Africa is a really good thing to be involved in. And I'm going every year. Moodle is one of the main sponsors of that now and we are really being very active in there. Alt, we remember, but I was at OER19. Anyone else was at OER19 last week in Galway? No, no one from here. But these are groups that are really sort of focusing on what is the future of academia, of the practice of education, of sharing content and how to be mindful and aware of those different contexts around the world and what it all means. And things like IEEE. I've been going to IEEE edu-cons. So in IEEE, there are a lot of, frankly, older professors who teach engineering who are sharing their techniques for how they teach engineering at scale. And they're pushing forward boundaries in research that are really interesting. And if you think about it, IEEE is responsible for the fact that I can plug my computer into this cable and make it work or that this electricity stays on and this is infrastructure. This is international engineering. That's what we should be thinking about with education. And lastly, the Moodle Foundation, which I keep talking about, is actually being created. It's just in final stages now and will be up and running in a couple of months. There was some change in association laws. We had to wait till the new laws came in to start this new association, the foundation. And that will be the center, it's a non-profit and will be the center of all these kind of connecting together, grant funding from EU, a lot of research projects, a lot of development projects, and it'll be a body that will be out there connecting things. Let's go to skills. One thing I did in my thesis, my original PhD around Moodle, was I hypothesized that if you built a platform that was built while thinking about social constructionism and collaborative learning that people would naturally start doing those things and my thesis was false. People do not start doing those things. People start doing whatever they were used to doing or what they know and that's quite obvious when you think about it. And there was an education piece missing in there. Just putting tools in people's hands isn't enough. You need to know how to be an online teacher. And what we've built is a certification, a whole curriculum around helping someone be an online teacher. And what we've, we're trying to standardize training in a way. We're trying to put a, again, a baseline under all the training to say you should know about these things. And this is not just about knowing where the switches are in the forum settings because that's going to change over time. This is more the underlying skills of being an online teacher. And it's broken down into 22 competencies which are themselves based on a framework from Europe, the digital competency, digital competencies for educators framework. And those ones that are in orange, we call them the core six or the foundational units. And you get badges for those. And if you get those six badges, you start getting nice certificates. And there's multiple certificates depending on which subset of the 22 you choose. And they'll be, I assume we haven't designed it yet, but some super mega certificate that you get when you get all 22. It should have gold on it and stuff like that, I would say. So you can find out more about that. That's only just launched it. So last time, I think we were talking about it, this time it's actually out. So partners can deliver that training. And as it gets more embedded, we're going to look at more creative ways of getting it out into developing countries and other places around the world. And lastly, I want to talk about Moodle Moots in terms of their Moodle activities. Last year, we had a lot of conferences around the place. And this year is no different. And these are good things. I don't need to tell you what a Moot is. This is like one of the most, the most established Moot in the world. And they vary in size and flavor around the world. And I get to see them all. And I'm so lucky actually to see what a Moodle Moot is like in South Africa or in India or in the Philippines or in China, there's one in China in a few weeks, Taiwan, in Brazil, in Uruguay. And I get to see it. And they're all similar in some ways and very different in other ways. And I really love that. And I really want everyone else to experience that. And so we are finally having our Moodle Moot global. And what we hope this to be developing into is a way to send people from all of the Moots around the world and bring them together into this one place. And this is always going to be in Barcelona because we have an office there and because we like the city. It's fairly central in many ways. The first one is in November from 18 to 20th. And we're still developing this, but we're going to be finding ways for the groups, the Moodle Moot groups to fund the best presentations from each to send them to Barcelona so those people can all meet each other, talk to each other, and we get more sharing and we'll get some really interesting things. It's going to be like our big annual conference. So the big, big announcements are probably going to happen there. We're going to have a partner meeting, get our partners all together there, and things like that. So that's the place to be. I'm not saying you shouldn't come also to the UK Moot and you should. But this is a new thing and it's really coming together. So moodlemoot.org to find out about that. But now I want to talk to you about the future. That's all the Moodle stuff. That's all the things we're doing in tools and resources and skills. The future is where my head is at mostly because it's guiding what we're doing with Moodle, but it's really, I'm really thinking about this more and more and more, improving our world part of the mission. There is a lot of really crappy stuff going on. I'm going to avoid the B word. But the more we're looking at it, the more you become aware of how we've constructed society, how we are able to live as fairly wealthy members of this planet, where our resources come from, how everything is being run, the more you look at it, the more you think this has got to be, we've got to fix this. We are in a bad state. And we've got inequality soaring. And this interesting research that shows that every civilization that died in the past that ended towards the end of it, there was massive inequality, inequality soared. Emperors got super rich and powerful and the people revolted at some point. Or the Romans, the Chinese, Aztecs, all around the world, this has been happening. So who knows? Maybe we're heading for a crash here. We've got climate change. I don't need to talk more about that looming issue. We've got refugees. We've got pollution. Microplastics are seeping into everything. And they're all summarized on this slide, which should be in every presentation, I think, the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This is our global agenda. And I talk about this, if you were here last year, I talked about this a lot as well, but I'm going to talk about it until it's all fixed. These are the big things, right? Now, just having nice platforms is not quite enough to tackle these things. Yes, quality education is what Moodle's about and we're squarely trying to help education have quality. But education is really all of these things. You can't improve any of them without some education somewhere. Remember, the value of education, you know, it's not necessarily a teaching situation. How do we bring education about these issues into every situation, like perhaps a quinoa and a moodle mood? Well, we've got to think about long-term thinking. We've got to start moving into long-term thinking. And again, I'm not going to mention the B word, but that's a classic case of short-term thinking. There's a lot of the short-term thinking going around. You rarely hear people on the news in positions of power and influence talking about the next 100 years. Let me know how often do you hear that? Everyone's focused on, oh, this morning or tomorrow, right? Or at best, maybe the next election in three years. What we should be thinking about for next generations is people like that. Like we are trying to make a people who live on this little planet who are like that, who are globally-oriented, who are multi-culturally aware, and not only aware, but supportive environmentalists. We've got to care about every action. You're drinking water out of a plastic bottle. That's a decision you've made that multiplies through millions of us into pretty bad stuff. We've got to care.  And we've got to be citizens. We've got to be empowered to actually go, hey, I can have some change here. I can do something. Wherever I am, wherever I'm working, I can do something to help this situation or help the next generation. I'm not seeing governments be effective here. Yes, there's lots of programs, and lots of things are happening in many areas. But in general, they're bound by the structure of democracy in these short-term cycles. And the next mob come in, and they just wipe out all those programs and start something new or shut down health systems, and who knows, all sorts of things. So they're kind of bound. Of course, governments are involved in everything, and there's a lot of funding and projects that we can be involved in. But we have to steer our governments. It's not coming from the top, I'm finding. The Silicon Valley companies, oh my gosh, this capitalism can be good in certain cases, but when it goes out of control, you have things like the US, 5% of the population consuming 30% of the world's resources. It's like a big guzzling. I don't want to say, I could get very strong language about this. But anyway, it's set up, and it's not anybody's fault. It's just the system that's evolved, and it's running out of control. And you have billionaires and billionaires. If you take just the top few billionaires, just their personal money could solve so many problems in the world, but they're not going to solve those problems. NGOs are a good part of the solution, and there are millions of them around the world, or nonprofits anyway, and social enterprises, and people who are trying to fix big problems, sometimes at the scale of UNESCO, and sometimes at the scale of a tiny recycling company or something. And there is a lot of good things there, but unfortunately, they're all working independently. There's not enough infrastructure to help them be coordinated. And standards like the IEEE I mentioned before, also a good angle, good people working on good solutions here, but in the education space, we have things like IMS Global, which, if you look at who runs IMS Global, it's kind of a boys club in the US. It's all mostly commercial interests. You can't get hold of the standards unless you remember. It's not very open, and they have to sustain themselves too, but it's just not very global and not very open. And I do believe in standards. I love the fact I can plug my laptop into any country I go and charge it up. That's amazing. I can turn a tap and I can get water. I can't always drink it, but I can get water. And that's really cool that we've worked that out, but that's the basics, right? How do we do this on a higher level? So we've got to work together for the common good here, and the common good is education to attack these goals. And so I'm really interested now in how we can use the platform that we all have, the Moodle world, to get SDGs into the curriculum, every curriculum, every subject, right, via some global open infrastructure. We can't go through governments all the time. I mean, yes, we are also trying to do that through UNESCOs and various things, but if you look, I mean, Moodle had been on 60% of higher education around the world with a tiny little budget that we've had. It wasn't done by policy. It was done by open technology, right, throwing open technology out and letting it grow and letting people run with it. So I really believe to get to this next level of having open SDGs into the curriculum, open technology is the way to do it. That's how we can actually help the world be a better place. And it's a small place. I'm going to keep putting photos of it because that's where I keep all my stuff. So open education, open technology, this is the bigger movement that Moodle is part of. And what do I mean by open technology? I mean, things like you can customize it, you can localize it, remember, respect for different peoples around the world. You can choose your service provider. You're not locked into one company because that way leads profit focus in a bad direction and eventually services drop and you're beholden to one company and eventually you have to switch away from that situation and then you have to change your platform. It should have a sustainability model. I love hippies and I'm a bit of a hippie myself, but the world will not run on just goodwill. We need to pay for everything. Things need to be sustained. The project should not disappear if one company does. The electricity should not go off just because one company failed. And we're talking about standards here. These standards allow things to connect, allow us to be efficient, allow us to build bigger things that we can't even imagine individually, but through standards you can lock things together and cool stuff can be built. And if you look at the web, most of the internet is running on open technology already. Look at open source. Look at Amazon and Azure, some of the biggest cloud hosting systems in the world underneath. It's all Linux and all of these things that are making stuff work. And that's why we're doing this. So we have a Moodle sponsoring a new conference and it's going to be directly after our global Moodle Moodle for two days where we want to get all the people interested in building the open education technology infrastructure of the future for the next 100 years. Let's shoot big, right? Let's go large on this. And you might be saying, well, Moodle's based on PHP and that's not going to last 100 years and we should be using Ruby on Rails. Oh no, that's gone now. We should be using what... That's not the issue. The issue is we have Moodle on 60% of platforms. So how do we go from that situation to some other situation in the future, right? Just think big. The other situation can be anything. What I'm hoping is that this group, the sorts of people I'm looking for to come are open source developers, people who can do stuff who are interested in building things, who want to have some meaning in their lives. Open source CEOs, there are lots of companies who are built on open source, who are in this industry, all the different aspects of it should be talking to each other more because we're not that much.  Well, I'm just like, okay, how? I want to make it done. I want to make it actually happen. So we get those ideas, but we've got to hook them up with the builders. Development NGOs, as I said, some of these projects are crying out for this technology to be put into them and whole platforms. One of the projects that we were involved with is one in Vietnam, Cambodia, in Cambodia, which is about getting, in the end, Moodle apps on phones that are handed out to homeless kids so that they can learn out on the street for whatever reason they're not getting into the school system. So the ministry attacking that by giving education to them on devices, direct. And these kinds of projects involve the coming together of lots of open technology and funding and governments and all that stuff. Philanthropists, you know, if you've got a lot of money, you want to put it somewhere good, here's a good one. OER repositories, many of them around the world, lots of OER initiatives, open education resources. But we want to connect them. MoodleNet is one way to start connecting that stuff. We want them talking together with us on this platform idea. And we just want generally smart, open-minded people who can start working and connecting and making stuff happen. So there's a lot of networking to be done. We've got to start to know each other because I'm finding conversations amongst all these people or not. I'm very fortunate that because of Moodle, I can approach something like the World Bank and just open the door and go in. And I want that to be something that the open technology movement has more access to in general. At the end, I want this to be a working conference, still working on how the program will work. And I'm going to throw it open to people to start helping with that. But it's a working conference. And I would love to see at the end like a declaration of Barcelona that's the strategy, like a high-level strategy for how we're all going to be working together on these problems to make that. That's the goal. The goal is how do we make people like that for the next 100 years? I could have said a thousand years or 10,000 years, but let's stick with 100 years. It doesn't sound too wild-eyed and crazy. So I think that's me. I hope I've communicated to you the importance of what we're doing, the position that we are in to influence things. People our age are starting to run the world. Right? We don't have to look elsewhere. It's up to us. And unlike I hear some people saying, ah, the next generation is going to fix things, I don't want to do that either. We are here right now. We are in place. We are connected to do this. So I know this hasn't probably been a very funny talk, and I know I have a lot of jokes in it, but it's super serious. This is super serious stuff. And I just wanted to make sure that we had that as a baseline. I'm looking forward to the next couple of days to really learning from you about what you're working on, talking with you, catching up on all your own projects, whether or not you fit into this. If you think you want to come to Open EdTech, openedtech.global is the website. And thank you very, very much. Let's enjoy the conference.


The question shouldn't be what you should invest in. The question should be how can you develop more cashflow? Let me paint you a picture. You work nine to five or you have a side hustle.   You have a couple of options. You might choose to invest it into a startup and wrong answer. That's crazy. That's like 99% chance of failure. You might invest into real estate. That's probably way too little. Specifically for living in a major city. You need a couple of hundred thousand dollars to start. So you left your option three when most people take you put it to the market. You might go to something safe like a Vanguard REIT or some type of index fund and you might make a couple of percentage return depending on how you invest it. You might have tax benefits or you might just have no tax. It all depends on where you are and how you do it. Okay, so two things happen over here. Number one, you now have locked capital within the stock market. Nothing wrong with that. It's still locked. You take it out. You're not really making anything and depending on your tax situation, you might get dinged. Number two is let's say the stock market decides to go south like we saw before COVID or we've seen many times. It's cyclical. And now you've lost that 10k or maybe you want to recoup your losses. You lost 50%. You have 5k left and you take your money back out. Where's what happens now? You don't have any more money. You've saved that 10k. See the question shouldn't be what you should invest in.  That's the most important thing. More cash flow gives you more opportunity to invest with higher risk because it gives you better asymmetrical opportunities to invest. I want to repeat that again. More cash flow gives you more asymmetrical opportunity and higher risk profile to invest. This is why I can't stress enough. It's not about saving. It's about getting more cash flow. Investing one off is an investing. Investing should be a cash generating system that gets you multiple forms of cash flow from different types of verticals. And so what I want to talk about today, simple things. I made a video before about multiple streams of income and it's no different. It all depends on your strengths. It depends on where you live. It depends on the situation in your life.    That's actually a big risk for me. I rather you take that money and invest in yourself. More courses, more workshop, public speaking, better communication, understanding better sales. Invest that money. That 10k is not going to be a thousand X return for you. That 10k in the stock market is going to yield you 4%. 4%. You do the math how long it takes you to double that up. Okay. So for me, it's like you need to figure out. Okay. I make 5k a month right now. Let's say after taxes. What can I do right now currently to help me get more cash flow on the side? It's not a lot. See, people have a misconception that they need a lot. They don't. It's not making another 5k. If you can make 200 here, 300 here, 400 here, give or take. This these add up and these give this gives you the flexibility. If one dries out, you have something else to rely on. If you look at all these successful quote unquote investing around the world, they always have dry powder, technical term, dry powder coming in. That gives them that capital to deploy into better opportunities. Let's say you invested into the S&P or the Dow, the 10k, then all of a sudden you realize there might be a better option out there. It's not that quick to just take it out. Depending on your tax situation, depending on if you have a locked up, you don't have any dry capital to start moving around or allocating your capital to better opportunities for returns. So you got to figure out how you can start getting more cash flow, whether it's affiliate marketing, do a side hustle, whether it's doing some sales and commission for a business on the side, consulting. If you have a skill that you've developed over the years or you've worked in a company, whatever type of title you had in the company, CMO, CFO, CTO, etc. There's people that's willing to pay you for that information. Start consulting on the side, a little bit on the side. Maybe you're into the game of arbitrage. Gary Vee has been talking about this lately with cards, like collector cards, Pokemon cards, sports cards, magic cards.  She fixes it up and puts it on Etsy. That's another form of cash flow on the side. Maybe you want to start a small e-commerce business on the side, some white labeling stuff.   You don't. That savings should go to you. That savings should be reinvest. Because at the end of the day, there's no better opportunity than reinvesting in yourself. If you got 10K, I would hire people as mentors. I would get courses. I would get good at communicating. I would work on sales. Or I'll take that 10K and maybe buy some inventory for my e-commerce business, open up a Shopify store. Here, here's something. You have 10K, I would get 5K for inventory. I would load up on inventory. I'll take 5K for marketing and start marketing your brand. Start actually building a side business out there. Or maybe you've been itching to do some YouTube stuff and maybe you want to get into affiliate marketing with YouTube, driving traffic that way. You know, I started off with this a long time ago. Start doing this, start making videos, start getting into SEOs, start understanding how does this ecosystem work? But you got to start figuring out right now, how can I get more cash flow? You're relying on the nine and five for the salary. That's not going to work out at all. This is the schmuck thinking. This is how they want you to think. It's schmuck thinking. The whole idea of trading hours for dollars and then saving as long as you can and then deploy that into the market, that's schmuck thinking. I'm not saying don't do it. I'm not here to tell you what to do or what not to do. I'm just telling you in my personal experience and if you study people who are successful in that world of finance, that's schmuck thinking. Everybody, every successful person, entrepreneur and individual that I personally know have multiple, they have at least five streams of income. You need to figure this out. This is why it always irritates me when I hear this question of what I should invest in. Completely wrong question. So let's kind of recap this. You need to figure out your current situation in your life. What's your overhead? What's your skills? What's your weaknesses? Where you live, that matters. And then you got to make a list of things of, hey, what can I do based on my situation in my life? How to create more cash flow? Then you make a list on the site. Okay, affiliate marketing, commission sales, starting a small e-commerce company, arbitrage. So buying X product, selling product for Y, quick flips, whether it's like Kijiji, Craigslist, Etsy, eBay, etc. You got to make this list. You got to make this list up and you got to figure, okay, if I'm working nine to five, and then I got a family and kids afterwards, that takes me till 10 p.m. That gives me now two to four hours to focus on my side cash flow. And then rinse and repeat. You got to figure out, okay, this works. That doesn't work. This works. That doesn't work. And go out there and start taking risk. You will fail. That's the truth. That's the reality.  The experience that you gain, the knowledge that you gain, the wisdom, wisdom is experience and failing. You can't buy wisdom at all. I want to repeat that again. What wisdom is, is experience and failing. You figure out through the feedback loop, right? There's also that saying from Charlie Munger. A smart man learns mistakes from himself. A wise man learns mistakes from others. So study what other people do. Study their behavior. Study their patterns. And see what they did to get to where they are. It's not about copying them, verbatim, but it's about getting inspiration from them. It's about seeing insights. Hey, I never thought of it that way.  Now, I've been doing sales my whole life in this company. I never realized maybe I can start my own sales business on the side.  This commission stuff, this affiliate stuff. Oh, I never knew there's so much money. Oh, wait a second. I've been using this great e-commerce product. I know for a fact that I can make a better product or I can white label it better. And I can sell it through this niche. Like, they haven't seen this niche.  You have to start doing it right now.  But yet we waste it. We waste time.    And you think that you have a limited time.     And like, god damn it, man. Where has my life gone? And I know a lot of people like this. That's the norm. That's not the exception to the rule.  You don't want to be that. And I'm not saying if you are in that situation, it's too late. It's never too late, man. I think Colonel Sanders were like, late 60s or 70 before he made it. Walmart guy was old too, Sam Walton. So it's never too late. Never too late to do anything.  Don't let time pass you by, man.  Experimenting today. Start going out there and figuring out where you can get multiple streams of cashflow. And then once you have that, once you have the cashflow, then we can revisit the question of investing. And you'll find it 99% of the time is actually better to reinvest into the cashflow opportunities that you made. Then you take a small allocation, maybe into very, very high-risk stuff like angel investing, where you do have 1,000 X upside. Like maybe like an early IPO company, etc. Or maybe you play it safe for your kids and you put that into like a tax-free savings account, something locked to 5% for the next 30 years. So that's kind of like their whatever fund for them. Or Bitcoin, as I mentioned, whatever. But it gives you the option. It gives you the opportunity of getting liquid dry powder on a quarterly basis to reinvest in opportunities that you never had before. And that's it, guys. Bottom line, go out there, start doing stuff, and don't let time pass you by. Peace out.


Not many teams can say they get to win the division that many times, especially last year realizing how much it meant to the city of LA to get to go to a world series. Obviously we didn't pull it off. The Houston Astros are world champions. It basically came down to that last game and it's tough, you know, for me personally, good, bad, you know, just kind of absorbed everything. It just kind of, you know, it comes up in moments where I started thinking about it, but, you know, I don't process it and then let it go. Every season the only reason I play is to win a world series. All the individual stuff is great, but I don't care about that either. I want to have the respect of my teammates and want to win. Yeah, I think that says it all about Kershaw, right? He plays the only reason he plays is to win the World Series and he's competitive. We know that, but this is the list that he doesn't want to be on. He's got the third largest disparity in ERA between the regular season and the postseason. Now granted, his ERA in the regular season is insanely low, so that makes the graphic a little bit skewed to put that in perspective. But you get the idea, he wouldn't even say he hasn't been to the point where he wants to, and that's getting to a World Series. So now that he's starting Game 2, which he, I don't think, loves but accepted, I'm curious, Papi, what you think about him and is there more pressure or less pressure on Kershaw now that he is, you know, they put him in this weird position? Game 2 starter. Well, the type of athlete he is, the type of pitcher he is, today he's going to go to the mount with a little chip on his shoulder. And I'm expecting him to be the Clayton Kershaw that we all know. And let me tell you why. Yesterday, that decision by the Dodgers starting Ryu in the first game, it would take a little bit of pressure away from him. But at the same time, the bulldog and him is going to come out of him today. Like a fire. Yeah, yeah, because that's how athletes are. The type of pitcher that he is, that's what's going to bring to the table today. But let's not forget that the Dodgers are looking for results more than anything else. Frank, what do you think? I just think that the six years, they wanted a different result, a different focus, because the media every time is about Clayton Kershaw's first start. I think it was a brilliant move by the front office. I know I've got on them all year long about the musical chairs with the lineup. But the one move they made right now to start Ryu's first game was brilliant. And now it's a different motivation for Kershaw tonight. I'm going to go out tonight and show you that he's an ace. Look, there's no question. He's been the best modern day regular season pitcher. But there is a cloud over his head. And for me, this is the type of stuff that pitching number two 100% affects him. I don't know. I don't agree with that position. What do you think? Let me tell you something. As a fellow left-hander, he's the best left-hander in our generation. You know, he's the now Sandy Colfax. They've had a great long history of talented arms, talented ball players. He plays in Los Angeles. They're about rings in Los Angeles. So ultimately, it doesn't matter how much money he makes, how many regular season side young awards, warrants, spawn awards. I got one of those, by the way. But again, it's about a title. And one thing we all share, we have a ring and we tasted that champagne and he needs to do that ultimately for his career to be validated. The bottom line is this. Here's your guys going to make $300 to $400 million. You're not going to be able to hide him, right? You're not going to be able to hide all three of us. So at some point, look, in that piece, he said, I'm not going to admit it. I think that's a mistake. I think Clay and Kershaw has to admit that what he's done in October hasn't worked. And then adjust from there. And I think it's less about pressure. Clay and Kershaw can handle pressure with the best of them. It's about stubbornness. He has to change the way he pitches. But how? Change how? But the one thing about it is he doesn't have the velocity that he once had. He's not throwing 95 to 97. So now he's got to be more creative to face these big boppers like this.  The one thing that hasn't changed about him is the command of those breaking pitches. He has a slider that he has to wipe out in. He throws it backdoor as well. And he has that pride of Texas, that big, blooper-duper breaking ball to change eye level. So he's going to have to be creative that way. Kevin, one quick example. How do you change? He was dominant in Game 1 of the World Series. Yeah. Game 5, he kept doing the same scouting report. He made great pitches. They turned him into home runs because he was predictable. Not because they were bad pitches. Stubbornness. I think he's going to be angry for starting Game 2. And I wonder if the Braves can, hey listen, Klee Kershaw Dodger Stadium, that's no joke.


This is Chris Pike. My friends call me Banksy. I'm back again guys today We're talking about spam or spam.tm and to be more particular guys like I said in my last video in case you missed it Freedom and YouTube actually in general have been cracking down on channels that do really really bad things all the really really really bad boys They get spanked and they get kicked up now those you guys that are watching this you're not bad guys I know that you know that you wouldn't be watching this if you were That out of the way guys there are some variables or there are some things that we can do better on our own channels to help us get More views to keep us in YouTube's good books And just you know get more search engine optimization and a little bit more YouTube search love so that big mouthful out of the Way guys we have identified 38 variables that are associated with good accounts or bad accounts depending on how you look at it and today We're gonna talk about two the first one and probably the most important one is video comments Guys comments on videos is seen by YouTube as an extremely good thing You probably already know that but it is one of the best if not the best variable or best Identifier to YouTube that tells them that this video's quality somebody watch this video and said hey This is pretty good and felt compelled to leave a comment that being said guys I know when you're starting out and when you're making videos not a lot of videos get comments my personal videos On my channel yeah on my personal channel pardon me I do videos about things like 3d camera tracking and how to turn Pictures into oil paintings like really weird video high-end kooky stuff right like motion tracking with with wiggler and camera shake And how to do expressions crazy stuff point is a lot of them don't get comments And that's an issue and I think YouTube looks at that and goes hey this guy has no comments This probably is in a great video what we're gonna do to fix that guys is simple. Here's what I plan Here's my suggestion. Let me know what you think on the videos that I make here a freedom when I post a video I'm also the guy that looks at the comments, and I approve them So if you leave a comment on one of my videos I Recommend that you leave a link to one of the videos that you don't have a comment on or one of the videos That you want me or any of the other freedom commenters and viewers to watch Why do I say that because a I'm going to approve that link as long as it's not spam hell Yeah, I'm gonna improve it and be I recommend you saying hey guys I just created this cool video about whatever the hell you did the video about come check out my channel leave a comment If you leave a comment leave a comment back on their channel. It goes both ways YouTube likes that This isn't like some sort of sketchy tactic YouTube wants channels to build a sense of community And if you've got people that watch your videos and you watch their videos, that's good for YouTube That's good for Google do it guys. So please on my videos leave links do that. I approve them I want to see what you've done. I will go to your channel and leave a comment other viewers are gonna leave a comment guys It's gonna help you send a good signal to YouTube get your ball rolling and build that necessary community to help your channel grow All right, let's talk about topic number two Topic number two isn't quite as much or a big a mouthful, but what it is is it's called burst uploads Bad scammy bad copycat channels 10 and I say 10 to upload all their videos in one big burst now I get it you probably got a day job or you got you do a whole bunch of gaming videos and you want to upload them You're uploading them at one time That's not an issue guys if you have the ability to upload them and stagger them an hour or two or three hours apart Great good idea and never hurts that being said guys if you do do a burst upload for example I do recommend you use the scheduling Option inside of the inside of YouTube pardon me You guys can release a video at 12 o'clock 3 o'clock 6 o'clock 9 o'clock that sends a signal to YouTube saying that these guys are legit They're not just throwing 50 videos up at one time and they all just Launch when they launch or go live when they go live guys that kind of stuff shows scheduling It shows foresight forethought and that also looks really really good to YouTube Those are my thoughts today guys, please like I said in my first part leave comments on my videos leave links to your videos I will approve them all as long as they're not spam I will leave comments and please leave comments on my stuff. This is how it works. This is how we're gonna help each other grow This is big see check it out. I'll be back soon with some more freedom talk


Long strips of rubber that you see were burned off this rick by the likes of me they'll rot along the highways in this land I'm gonna find my name and at least we'll smoke and let the ones that come along behind


I'm a bit deflated to be honest. Every time he does that I feel like strangling him inside and boom, nice and level. Just sweeping this slab off but it's not from rain. Oh no. Why is the slab wet dad? Rain? Why is the slab wet? Rain, rain going nice. Oh really? Yeah. The ram was wet this morning. Now, he has a pretty god awful habit of leaving the bucket unattended and filling it up. So he flooded the slab. Every time he does that I feel like strangling him. Other than that, good morning. Today is, today is steel day. As I say yesterday, Robbie's are coming with that genie lift soon and going to get that steel in. We're going to get a mix on first so we can get this little pillar backed up a little bit, give it some strength and just so we're ready for, so we're ready for bedding the, the, the steels on and all that pilaf and so, that is the plan. Get that steel on and just get as much as we can done until it goes dark. How are you doing? In dubs? Good, thank you. We've just started on our little road and we've just decided to do that the way and we've got this on the little Aldi plant pot wheels, which I didn't realise what they were but that's what they are.  So this is 5.4 and it's, it's 200 by about 130 so it's heavy. So we're going to rub a lamp and see if a genie appears. So we'll keep post on that. This is ready now for when the rubbish get back. It's going to be four of us again. We're going to set the scaffold up and see what happens. We'll get back to you when we figure this out. Right, well that's a disappointing morning so far. 20 past 10. We're all organised. We had the steel round ready to go. Got the genie lift. Went to set the genie lift up and it's faulty. Set it up, started winding it was really tight which didn't feel right. So we fiddled around with it and we had a look at it. The cable's twisted and keeps popping off one of the wheels. So that's not much use. You don't want it doing that when you're halfway up with that thing. So Robbie and Robbie just took it back. Hopefully they'll either repair it or give us a new one. But that one's definitely faulty. So that's just cost us over an hour and a half. Probably nearly two hours messing about with that. Luckily Alex has carried on in there and got that blockwork up to scaffold height for us. So at least we've made a bit of progress. As soon as this is in, Robbie and Robbie are going to give us a line to work to. So we'll go up on that side then and get the pike up and get the cuts done and all that and get that finished hopefully today. Which will then leave us with the blockwork across the steel. And this end, a bit deflated to be honest. Yeah, that's it so far. So they've gone off to change the genie lift and me and Alex are going to have a break, 20 past 10. So I'll catch you in a bit. Take two. We had to... That's the right thing to say, is he okay, Rob? Yeah, he's alright. It looks good. I've just nearly knocked him out. It's all right. I've got this here. I've got that. You concentrate on that one. Is he there now? Yeah. Let's take it to the... Oh, they've been sawing that out. Yeah. Place down there. Someone's going to walk into them and do the back. Right. Steve, you've got Robbie there. Yeah. What's that? I've done that. I've done that. You've got it there. You're up above it now. If we put... You just stay there. Alex, if we pull back on it, the machine to go back. Okay. Get inside, Rob. Let me get it. I'm here now. Bit more. Yeah, I'm there. Have you got a tape on you? 110. 180.  I'm going to try and push to you, Rob. Okay, I'll try and pull. I'll take you down a bit, so you can see better. That's about 150 of that. I'm not far enough. I'm better down there. Okay. What about you? I think... Yeah, I like... It's a bit easy. It's setting the frigging thing up. Is it off there? Because it's gaping. Not on the outside. Because you've got the plate welder to it, wasn't it? Of course, yeah. Why don't we put a level on it and check the height? Yeah. Feel free? Straight and free, do you think? Do you want to tape that? No. Same with Alex there. Just take that and... Alex, imagine on the front, please. Yep. Well, it's only one away to go. Have we got the level? There's your tape. Yeah. You can't do it? Well, you see the idea that you should take this down. No, it's possible, isn't it? I don't think so. Off it goes. The helpful genie lift. There you have it. Once the... We got the steel lined up and set up. It was easy going. And we're up nice. We're up nice. Nice 150mm either side. And boom. Nice and level. So, that is the... That's both scary parts of the job done now as I just said. The slab and the steel. So now, I think Robbie and Dad are going to discuss the heights and what I have here. But what I'm going to do now is I'm going to top point just underneath that lift there because that's where the welding touches. So a little gap. I'm just going to top point that. I just backed up the little pillar as well. So it's got a bit of extra support.  So yeah, that's in as well. Once we're all sorted, we can really hit the ground, run it again, get stuff in momentum. So, happy days. Let's get this shall we? Try this again. So, we've had our lunch. The Robbie's have gone. You might not be able to make it out here. I'm sure Dad will show you later. They've done a little line for us. That's our top height. So that's where our pikes are going to go to. As Dad is trying to demonstrate here. I don't know if you can see that line at all. But basically, we've got the marking on both sides where the pikes are going. That's the main thing. So now I've gone from being wall builder to cutter now. So I'll just get Dad the evolution. We can cut up that vertical damp. Just give me tools. Yeah. And then I'll be cutting up any pieces needed and just doing what I can from the ground. So I'll get you set up for Dad and catching a bit. People say what's Alex doing? Alex is looking after me up here because he can't fit two of us up here. So basically Alex is doing all the fetching, carrying and the cutting. So he's not just a drown, he's busy. He keeps saying he does nothing.


Hello, this is Demetrius Rumpf, the Director of Safety and Risk Management for the City of Columbia. This is your monthly safety message for the City of Columbia employees and the public. Today I'm here to talk about hurricane safety information. The Atlantic hurricane season is here now and it normally lasts from June to November. Typically we experience bouts of heavy rain, but in the past our region has been hit by hurricanes. So if you don't mind, I suggest you pay attention and try some of these short listed safety tips to help prepare you and your family for this season. Pre-plan, make sure you know about flooded prone areas and evacuation shelters. Replenish or create emergency kit with supplies. Make sure you list important phone numbers. Secure important documents so they don't get damaged. Also make sure that your pets have an identification tag and a column. Prior to a hurricane, make sure you fuel up your vehicle because typically during a hurricane, gas stations tend to lose gasoline. Make sure you charge up all your batteries, cell phones, lamps, radios, and flashlights. Make sure you listen to the nearest hurricane broadcasting TV stations to be aware of what's going on. Next, prior to a hurricane, tie down all loose objects outside your home. Make sure that everything is boarded up. Again, make sure you have documents that are protected just in case you have to evacuate. And make sure you pack critical medication just in case you have to evacuate. During a hurricane, make sure you stay inside. Make sure you stay on the inner part of a facility or building, preferably the bathroom or closet. Make sure you do not use any electrical appliances and do not take a shower and do not be on your telephone. After the hurricane, typically people get so anxious they want to go out and survey their property or damaged equipment. That's when you can come in contact with down power lines. Make sure that you call the utility company or the police to report any hazards such as down power lines, broken gas, and water mains. Make sure that you are aware of where your family members are and follow up and check up on them. And continue to watch your local broadcast to find out where any people are located in their shelters. Again, these are just some helpful tips to help you during the hurricane season. Remember, safety starts with an S, but it begins with you. Thank you.


Namaste. Myself, Dr. Mrs. Preeti Sunil Joshi working as assistant professor in Valchan Institute of Technology, Solapur. In this session of crystallography, we are going to learn all about crystal structure. Learning outcomes are, by the end of this session, students will be able to define the terms crystal, space lattice, unit cell. The contents include space lattice, crystal structure, unit cell and crystallography. In the previous session, we have learnt about what is crystalline and what is amorphous. And also one thing we have seen is that, a regular and periodic arrangement of atoms is the most important feature of crystals. The actual arrangement of atoms is called the structure. Suppose the atoms or clusters of atoms in a crystal are represented by points which corresponds to their mean positions, then we obtain a regular distribution of points in space. These points are called lattice points or lattice sites. The three dimensional network of regularly arranged points is known as a space lattice. A point is a dimensional-less and shapeless entity, therefore a lattice is merely an imaginary geometrical framework. The study of crystal structure becomes simpler when it is represented by a space lattice. So we can define space lattice as an array of points in three dimensions in which every point has surroundings identical to that of every other point. A space lattice can be generated by successive translations of an initial point. A very simple operation of repetition consists of repeating the unit without change after translating it a distance T1. So this repetition application of translation of given length and direction T1 to an initial point generates a sequence of periodically spaced points as shown in the figure. Similarly, the repeated application of some other translation which are non-linear means not along the same line T2 to the above row generates a planar array of points which we call it as two dimensional array of points. Students now imagine for three dimensional array of points. Yes, a third translation is non-coplanar that is not in the same plane T3. The second translation applied to a two dimensional array of points is called a space lattice. Thus, space lattices satisfy the condition of periodicity. Hence, the crystal structure that is the arrangement of atoms in the crystal can be understood with reference to the lattice. We also observe that a given point in the lattice is surrounded by a specific number of lattice points which are located at equal distances. This arrangement of points around a given lattice point is called its environment. Thus, the same environment would be found after equal intervals of distance in the same direction but the environment may be different in different directions. The space lattice is the skeleton upon which the crystal structure is built by placing atoms on or near the lattice points. So, in this way space lattice is a mathematical abstraction. The crystal structure is formed only when a group of atoms is identically attached to each lattice point. This group of atoms that is associated with every lattice point is called a basis. Thus, the crystal structure is a combination of space lattice and basis. Here, the figure shows the crystal formation. The basis must be identical in composition, arrangement and orientation such that the crystal appears exactly the same at one point as it does at the other equivalent point. Space lattice and basis together form the crystal structure. In crystals like aluminium, copper, sodium and barium, the basis is a single atom. Then in sodium chloride or potassium chloride, the basis is diatomic whereas in crystals like CaF2, the basis is triatomic. So students, are you getting this concept of basis and crystal formation clear? Okay. Okay. Now, the next important concept is unit cell. Students, now we know that how the crystal structure is formed but if we observe the crystal structure then we can see that a small block is repeated. This smallest volume that carries a full description of the entire lattice is known as a unit cell. Because of the inherent periodicity, the space lattice can be represented by the unit cell. So unit cell can be defined as the smallest geometrical unit which when repeated in space indefinitely generates the space lattice. Now, the next question comes that how to describe this unit cell? So, this unit cell is described by the lattice parameters. The lines which are drawn parallel to the lines of intersection of any three phases of the unit cell which do not lie in the same plane are called crystallographic axes. The three translational vectors A, B and C lie along the crystallographic axes. The intercepts A, B and C define the dimensions of the unit cell and they are also known as primitives. The angle alpha represents the angle between C and B axes, angle gamma between A and B axes and angle beta represents the angle between C and A axes. The volume of a unit cell is given by A multiplied by B into C. Thus the basic lattice parameters are the axial lengths and angles between them. Now, the next question is if we consider the periodicity then how to select the unit cell from space lattice? Unit cells are of two types that is primitive and non-primitive unit cells. Primitive unit cells contain only one lattice point which is made up from the lattice points at each of the corners. Its volume in space contains only one lattice point but keep in mind that it is not necessary that every unit cell should be a primitive cell. Depending on the requirement and symmetry of the lattice we can choose larger cell containing more than one lattice point as a unit cell. Now non-primitive unit cells contain additional lattice points either on the face of the unit cell or within the unit cell and so it has more than one lattice point per unit cell. Most of the unit cells of various lattice contain two or more lattice points and are known as non-primitive cells. Students, now up to this we have seen why the study of crystal is required and how the crystal structure is formed. But again there is a question that how to study these crystal structures? Which technique is used for studying this crystal structure or the different properties of the crystal? So these crystals and their different properties can be studied by different methods and such study of crystals is termed as crystallography. That is the study of the geometric form and other physical properties of crystalline solids by using x-rays, electron beams and neutron beams that constitutes the science of crystallography. Now in the next part we will see the classification of crystals depending upon the lattice parameters. Thank you.


I'd like to thank the Nathan for inviting me to speak about my take on this subject. I was wondering how I would feel 20 minutes by talking about day management and as I put this together I realized that I could probably talk about two hours about it.  So please bear with me. The Pew is a modern Burmese exonym for a people who once lived in what is now called upper Burma in walled cities. We don't know what the Pew called themselves. They flourished during the first millennium CE and they assimilated with Burmese speakers who arrived around the 9th century CE. The last Pew text is from the late 13th century CE and their language has been largely a mystery for a very long time. At this point we know very little about the Pew language. We know that it is a Trans Himalayan aka Sonos Tibetan language which is somehow related to the language that ultimately replaced it Burmese but apart from that we really don't know much. What remains of the Pew language are three kinds of data. First are Pew language epigraphic texts in an index script, this background image here. The second type of data are Tang Dynasty Chinese transcriptions of the Pew language in Chinese characters. There's the Chinese transcription of the Ethnom and Pew in red. These are very extremely limited in number and difficult to interpret. The third remains of the Pew language are some borrowings in Burmese. If you attended last month's workshop, one of the speakers talked about potential Pew long words in Burmese. This is all that remains of Pew. Pew has left no descendants. We just have two kinds of textual evidence in the Pew script in Chinese script and the third type are some words in Burmese that are thought to be of potential Pew origin. Most of my work involves the Pew language inscriptions which are the largest body of evidence concerning Pew. These inscriptions are documented in several formats. One being photographs. These photographs vary considerably in quality. We have both photographs taken from the Colombe, from when Burma was a British colony all the way up to the present. Many of these photographs have been taken by the photographer James Miles of ArqueoVision. One might think that new photographs in color and high resolution so forth would be inherently superior but often this is not true. Sometimes older photographs are better because items have been less damaged in the past. The photo here is of the most famous Pew inscription of all the so-called Pew Rosetta Stone which has four sides and four different languages. One of them being Pew and the other three being in other languages. Photographs also include rubbings of inscriptions so the previous photograph I showed you was of objects but we also have photos of rubbings including unpublished rubbings in the collection of Professor Janet Stardart of Cambridge and we also have so-called reflectance transformation imaging files or RTI files that were made by Oliver Riffitz and shown here James Miles of ArqueoVision. These RTI files are made from multiple photographs of a inscription and they are put together into a computer file that when viewed with appropriate software can simulate the experience of viewing the same inscription from different using different kinds of light. In this example here we see that these two vertical lines which are Pew punctuation marks you can see different aspects of them in different lighting. This is a single RTI file but by manipulating software I can change the lighting and see things in different ways. James Miles of ArqueoVision has also made for us 3D photogrammetry models of smaller Pew objects we are able to rotate these things in large them and so on. So this this is the kind of these are the kinds of files that are generated from objects photographs rubbings photographs of rubbings and 3D models. Now the problem is how do I catalog and keep track of all these things. When I first started working on Pew two and a half years ago with the mission to try to decipher the language I only knew of a few inscriptions so I didn't feel the need to number them. I came to Pew studies from Kitan studies. Kitan is an extinct central Asian language also primarily preserved in the form of inscriptions and Kitan studies for whatever reason no one has ever come up with any kind of cataloging system. So there are no universal numbers or no universal conventions it's a complete mess and I unfortunately inherited this chaotic mindset which turned out to be a disaster because it turned out there were a lot more inscriptions than I had thought. Here is the software inscription house in Burma where there are multiple Pew inscriptions. As a starting point to resolve this mess of cataloging Charles de Rozel in the early 20th century came up with initial inventory of Pew inscriptions. His first inventory had just five items. He eventually enlarges us to have 15. More and more inscriptions were found over the following 80 years but the problem with Pew studies is that after the colonial period Burma had gone through some rough political times and Pew studies basically were frozen in time and so fortunately a few years ago Arlo Griffiths and Julian K. Wheatley picked up where de Rozel left off adding 155 inscriptions to his list of 15 for a total of 170 and Arlo and Julian have collected these inscriptions in an Excel file containing these various fields. Now what I could go on and on about all these fields but the field of interest to me is numbering the numberless items. Now how are you going to work? How is one supposed to number these things? They almost none of these inscriptions have dates so we can't arrange them in any kind of chronological order for the most part. The few dates we have are terminus aqua. They tell us a point where we know that the inscription must post date but it doesn't tell us exactly when it was made and a few dates are in a calendar we don't even understand. So we can't use chronology to help us organize these inscriptions. Geography is not all that helpful either as most of the inscriptions come from three sites. So ultimately we ended up using de Rozel's original 15 in their arbitrary order and the remaining 155 inscriptions were grouped into thematic groupings and numbered consecutively within each grouping. So 16 through whatever is the few inscriptions in stone, few inscriptions in the polylanguage were another set and so on. Unfortunately new finds that fit into these earlier categories are just dumped at the end and this is unfortunate but unavoidable and new finds are being found all the time. Here's an example that I found while I was visiting in Burma exactly a year ago. We went to an archaeology office and boom we were telling hey we just found this two days ago. Now what I do with all of those photographs of whatever is I try to transliterate the text. So this is taking the raw material, taking the raw materials, converting the oriented photographs and so on and this is the next stage so where I take the text and try to convert them into letters. Now generally speaking Pugh is written in an index script. They are conventions of how to convert index scripts into roman script and so generally we follow them but one huge problem is that we don't know exactly how Pugh was pronounced and this is a problem because it means we don't really know how meaningful this transliteration is we're just I'm just mindlessly copying letters without knowing exactly what they stood for. Then I take these letters and I put them into XML files one per inscription. These XML files are in the Epidoc standard and they contain all sorts of information such as other people's readings in the past. As a phonologist I then take these readings and chop them up into little pieces like constants and vowels and these are put into columns in Excel files. Now earlier today we've come up with the theme of version control and why is that important? Well here's a personal example. As I said before we don't really know much about how Pugh was pronounced we're just mindlessly copying letters and converting it into roman script. So there is this subscript dot in Pugh that is very very common and for a century people had different arguments about what this dot stood for. When we first started transcribing Pugh we just arbitrarily decided okay we'll just make this dot an apostrophe and we'll stick it after the last constant before a vowel. Later on we changed our minds and decided to mark this as an M with a dot since M dot is a convention in andology for writing superscript dots we thought it would be really clever to use M with a subscript dot to write a subscript dot. Now here's where version control came in. This isn't just for 22nd century archaeologists. The problem was that I've mentioned my Excel file, I've mentioned XML, we also had RTF and text files. Migrating the data through all these different formats meant that when we come when we change our minds about how to transliterate Pugh it meant that we had to of course change all the other stuff in the other formats and this is where version control became crucial because searching replace with Pugh is a nightmare as I tried to use regular expressions to do search and replace but Pugh structure is so complicated that a simple formula doesn't quite work. Also there are typos and such where the apostrophe was the wrong place to begin with and so I did innumerable errors and had to convert things over and over and over again and sometimes I would think oh I'm done and then and then I would I also use GitHub by the way so I'd upload things to GitHub and I'd discover oh god it's all wrong and so this is where version control comes in handy because you go back to your old version you try to diagnose where your search and replace went wrong you undo that you do the search and replace again you re-upload to GitHub so that that's the value of GitHub for me personally is this type of error management of discovering where I went wrong in the past of restoring the old data and so on I've mentioned GitHub the XML there we then move to the publicly accessible site purpose of Pugh inscriptions my attitude toward Pugh decipherment is an open-source kind of attitude I like the idea of having the public being able to look at the same data I do and come to their own conclusions about it this website contains the latest version of the XML for the Pugh inscriptions it synced with our GitHub it contains images of the inscriptions and a bibliography of Pugh studies we've already mentioned the Zinodo previously the the XML the photographs the RTI files are publicly archived at Zinodo the future steps with data include some that I forgot to mention here so I will I've been talking purely about Pugh script stuff future steps include well what we just start with the Pugh script I'm working on an archive of images of Pugh actualize actuals are our letter our character combinations representing syllables all this colored material here is a single for the for the word for King that I translated it as these actuals I have taken screenshots of them and I am building an archive of them so I can try to break down Pugh script into its components and look at how different letters take different shapes and different environments and so on all this will eventually be publicly archived as well but this is still in the compilation process using this analysis of Pugh script I hope to to come up with a proposal for encoding Pugh and Unicode at some very late stage ultimately convert the Pugh texts back from this transliteration stuff into the original Pugh script in Unicode lastly other data that I plan to work with in the future are our for instance the Chinese transcriptions of Pugh which have never been systematically analyzed that to all be publicly archived and so I am going to now end 12 minutes early and and we'll see if we can have a record number of questions yes the inscriptions just about Kings battles and donations or is there some more interesting material in the inscription oh well well the state of Pugh studies as I said it well considering that we can't even we don't we hardly know how the language is even pronounced right now we only know about 200 words and so quite frankly most the inscriptions are incomprehensible at this point I mean what I what I do what when I transcribe these things I feel like some kind of mindless robot much at the time because I have no idea what these things are saying one saving grace of Pugh is that it is an index script so we have so we recognize the letters but the effect is like for both for most speaker for most people looking for most people familiar here would be familiar in familiar with the European languages the effect is is that of looking at Hungarian or Finnish where you recognize the letters but the text is just completely alien looking the language is very distantly related to Burmese and I have studied Burmese and frankly it really doesn't help a whole lot so so the point is that we just really don't know what most of these things are saying at all some are some our funeral our funeral texts because we recognize things like die we recognize dates so we assume those are death dates but we don't really know and we assume that the king and the name on it is a name of the of the deceased but this is all assumption really I mean no one has really come up even with something as simple as a a really good word-by-word analysis of these alleged funerary texts we just recognize these words and people jump to conclusions a lot of peace studies is highly conjectural and and that this is not really emphasized because people like pretending they know what they don't so so that the anyway brings back to a more database theme the fact that we just understand so little just makes cataloging this stuff really really difficult I mean I gave no just enumerating the inscriptions as an example but just trying to figure out how we're going to convert this into letters I mean you can base it on in dick convention to some extent but there are things like subscript dot and other oddities that have no in dick bases and I've argued with my colleagues back and forth what are we going to do about this and then it's like okay well let's search replace and try it this way no and then let's do version control and undo that and back and forth and that's because so much of this is just so unsettled I I think what you may find of some interest in my in in my talk is that I'm dealing with the problem of cataloging almost total terror incognita that's a very different issue with from what other people are working with I think I mean just just trying to figure out what categories to put things in is a mess I mean the fact that that you asked about the content of inscriptions I really can't use that as a method of cataloging them at all I mean I don't know what these things are saying and that's why our the categories for the enumeration are just so crude is it on stone or is it on metal yes so you mentioned that the the XML files as a zip file are all on Zanotto yes and the primary sources in terms of photographs and RTI files are big so I presume that you can't fit that all in one Zanotto record so how how are you keeping track of the relationship between the different Zanotto submissions each of those Zanotto submission is cataloged by the Pew inscription number and I and so I I looked up things in Zanotto by those by those numbers and under each number there's a huge file with the RTI and photos what I don't frankly what I don't like about Zanotto is I can't just grab a single file out of these huge collections yeah but on the other hand then we would have like hundreds of full files per inscription and that would be a different sort of problem yeah because RTI files require many many photographs to create to create a single RTI file that can be viewed with simulations of different kinds of lighting. Yes. I know that you've made your data available in the Epidoc XML format. I was wondering if you would comment on how much work that was and what the benefits of that. The benefits of Epidoc for me are that it it it a lot it builds a bridge between Pew studies and other kinds of epigraphy I think I mean one weird thing about Pew studies is that it is has it has been basically an island totally cut off from everything else I mean even within some of Tibetan linguistics it is pretty much cut off from everything else when I when I studied the Epidoc standard Daniel and I went to of all places Romania to take classes in Epidoc we we studied along with a classicist using Epidoc for Latin in Greek and the strength of Epidoc I think is that it's a shared format you that is usable for any kind of epigraphy and and so Greek and Latin epigraph for epigraphy experts have encountered many problems already and have found solutions for them. Pew is still a infant field barely explored and so it is nice to have this body of expertise available that can be recycled for our own purposes without us trying to have to trying to have to reinvent the wheel and I find I find that that valuable. I think Pew is just so unstable and so mysterious that any kind of help I can get is very much appreciated and and using an existing standard like Epidoc that has been around for a long time helps toward that end.