From reverse, we move to Emo State, where the police command says it has arrested nine suspects in connection with the attack on the country home of Gavna Hope, Uzadimma. Also the command disclosed that it had arrested suspected native doctor who prepares charms for the fighters of Eastern Security Network, ESN. The disclosure was made through a statement by the State Police spokesperson Bala El-Kana and made available to newsmen. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Hi, welcome to Town Meeting TV. We're here today with Christine Holquist, the executive director of the Vermont Community Broadband Board. Hi, welcome. Thanks for joining us. Hi, thank you. Happy to be here. And you have recently been in the paper, there was an article on VT Digger about some work around the affordability, the affordable connectivity program and the funding for that. Before we get into that, I just want to, you know, how did you come to the role that you have currently? Well, I won't bore you with my entire career history, but what's appropriate here is that I was the CEO of Vermont Electric Cooperative. And Vermont Electric Cooperative has served over Vermont. In 2003, the board of directors asked, how can we get broadband to our rural Vermonters? And I've been working on it ever since. And of course, ultimately, I became the chair of the Business and Technical Advisory Committee for the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, which serves all of the rural landmasses in the United States. So with that role, I was able to experiment with every technology that existed in terms of broadband. So able to work with all these different technologies and ran, been running spreadsheets ever since, the issue has been, it's expensive. For example, to serve a household in Chittenden County, it costs less than $2,000. To serve a rural household, it's $10,000. And when you say $2,000, is that over the course? What's over the course? That's the infrastructure cost. Just to set it up and get it to the house. Because you think about it, you look at the number of people per mile that are in Burlington versus the Northeast Kingdom. So let's first start with just an understanding of what does broadband mean? Well, that definition has certainly evolved over time. For a very proud of Vermont, we're the only state that's done this. The legislature has defined broadband as what they call a 100 millisecond synchronous, which only fiber optic can do. So by definition, our state has committed itself to getting fiber broadband access to every address that's currently on the electric grid. Which means not a dial-up internet service, not over cable, but literally over fiber optics. Yeah, just a piece of data. A fiber is about the size of a human hair, and it can carry about three times the capacity of a typical cable. And that's today, but through technology, it's almost infinite the amount of capacity fiber can carry. And one of the ways the state is deploying broadband or trying to get folks connected is through the communication union districts. Yes, that was novel as well. That was set up in 2015 where any multiple towns can come together to form a municipal district. And forming a municipal district has its advantages in terms of tax, not being taxed as well, not for profits, as well as the ability to pull down what are called municipal revenue bonds, which are low interest. And also some support from the state to fund a person to manage the CUDs as well, right? And the CUDs are going to be delivered by private companies. It's a public-private partnership. It depends on the CUD. Each CUD is autonomous. We have ten in the state. I think it's an incredibly elegant design. It's very much like the electric cooperatives. You know, if you look, or cooperatives in general, if you look at cooperatives, there's a seven cooperative principle. One is autonomy, and the other is being able to share cooperation amongst cooperatives, share ideas. This is exactly how this model works. Nate, who knew? So, and I'm sure there's a lot of, so what's, is there, when you say there's a definition for broadband, is that, talk to me about the symmetrical upload and download speeds. Sure. And I'm sorry, folks, if this is getting into the weeds, but I do think that it is important to understand, and maybe a little bit about why broadband is now considered not just, you know, a nice thing to have in your house, but a real necessity for people. Yeah, thanks. You know, if you look at broadband, it's, it's, it's the, the use of data has grown over like an exponential curve, you know. So, broadband, you know, I started my career in the 80s when it was 200 bits per second, right? Uh-huh. Now, uh, Slow. Slow. Slow is molasses, right? Yeah. And, uh, over time, it's evolved faster and faster. So, up until, uh, two years ago, the Federal Communications Commission defined broadband as what they call 25, 3 megabits per second download, 3 megabits upload. It's now, by the federal definition, 100 download by 20 upload. Okay. But the problem, of course, is that lower number, with the evolution that's going on with work, you know, when we talk about remote, like our whole office is remote, and you're trying to, you now, it used to be that, that having that lower number for upload was okay, Yeah. Because it was entertainment, right? Yeah. But now we do everything over the Internet, so big files have to be uploaded, which is why the state defined it as fiber. But let me talk about the importance of broadband. I, I propose that broadband is even more important than electricity, because I was a CEO of an electric utility, and we spent years building our telecommunications infrastructure, fiber to substations, communication to all our vehicles, smart meters. If we lost telecom, we would not be able to restore power, like we do today. You can back up a telecom system with batteries, you can't back up your electric grid. So it's, and then I'll go even one step further. I met with General Knight. You mean you can back up your electric system with batteries, but you can't back up. No, you can back up. The point is you can, your telecom system, it doesn't use much power. So, so you can put a battery on there the last 24 hours, right? Got it, yeah. And let me go one step further, because I don't think people realize it's all, it's just coming out in the news. But several months ago, I met with General Knight at the head of the National Guard here in Vermont. What we learned, you know, one of the things that's ninth about fiber is it's not susceptible to what they call electromagnetic pulses. So the big fear, and you're now starting to see it evolve in the news, is foreign, foreign, I'll call it Chinese. The Chinese have satellites that can take out all of our satellites. If we lose our GPS network, we lose our satellites, we're in trouble, because our whole national defense depends on satellites. And there's a movement, 37 generals have signed on to across the country, which somehow I'm involved with now. We need a secure fiber optic network, not only in Vermont, but in the entire country, because we're so dependent on these networks. If we lose our satellites, what do we do, right? So this rule that you have is as a broadband evangelist, and you're trying to get broadband built out throughout the state of Vermont. Where are we at with that at this point? So right now, 40% of Vermont has the ability to connect to fiber. Last year, at the end of last year, it was 30%. We expect significant acceleration this construction season this summer. We spent many years, many I should say two years, getting prepared for construction. Getting prepared for construction means you have to do the design, you have to get out to the field and do what they call make ready, get the poles ready. So much of that work has been done. So I'm pretty proud of the fact that we went from 30% to 40% last summer, but we're going to double that this summer. So we're well on the path. We're on schedule to get this completed in the five-year timeframe. And in those CUDs, is this turning out to be a useful, lucrative, valuable proposition for the folks that are picking up that work and doing it? I'm not sure. If you talk about value in dollars, it's never valuable. It's a very difficult business case. You could never make a profit in these areas. But what we want and a part of the grant allocation is based on a sustainable business plan. The idea that you can pay your bills. And part of those bills are debt service. So the more grant funding we can get, the less debt costs there are, which means it can become more affordable. We've been very successful at pulling down grants. When I testified three years ago to the legislature what this cost, I said it would be about $550 million. And we had $345 million committed through grants. That was my estimate. We could get $345 million. So there was a $205 million grant gap. We're actually now approaching $530 million in grants, which is now $630 million. So we narrowed that $205 million down to $100 million. And where is the $100 million going to come from? Well, that's part of the sustainable business plan. So the idea being once you get these CUDs set up to where they have 60% of their, call it 60% equity. In other words, just like your home, right? If you come into a home and you're going to buy a home, the more you have to borrow, the more you have to pay. So in order to make these sustainable, we had to get them to 60% equity. But now these grants are a lot higher. Once you get to 60%, you can now go borrow money through these municipal revenue bonds. So we're in better shape than we had planned. But they will finance that. So what we're doing is we're building out, they start getting revenue from those that are connected. And that revenue funds additional revenue down there. So the folks that are getting connected right now, they're paying the connectivity fees and then funding that further up. But we have this affordable connectivity plan program that supports those who can't afford to pay what it costs to bring broadband into their house. Talk to me a little bit about that. I like where this interview is going because that's exactly where we need to go next. So our job, it's not just getting Vermonters connected, right? We want our jobs to make it as affordable as possible and then maximize the positive social benefit. And one of the things that is true all across the country and true in Vermont is those people that are not connected today, we have a significantly higher percentage of low income people. So the digital divide is the economic divide today. So if you think about what's happening in our lives that are connected, we do all our financial transactions over the internet. We do our social connections through the internet. We do our medical, all of everything through the internet. Can you imagine if you're not connected? What that does to you in terms of opportunity, even for a career growth opportunity. So it's really important that we focus on how do we help these disadvantaged communities. We've identified eight disadvantaged communities in the state that we're focusing on. There'd be things, communities like the incarcerated elderly communities, the LGBT community, for example. Now if I look at all the communities in the state, I'm a member of three of those communities, but I'm not the one that needs help, right? So we have to even parse further down and identify those that need the help. For example, let's take the homeless. We're not going to give the homeless a computer that sits in an office, right? The homeless may be doing most of their work on a phone. So those people that aren't connected today, we're putting in programs to help them get devices, provide devices, as well as the training and the support necessary to learn how to use. And then on top of that, and we're working closely with the library system, by the way, because Vermont has 185 libraries throughout the state. But the other part of that, too, is teaching people to learn to discern, right? What's truth and what's fiction up there? Yeah, that's sort of my next question as we can give access to this place where you can get lost on YouTube shorts as quickly as you can be doing your professional development and growth and homework. And certainly people saw that during the pandemic. Anybody who was a parent whose kid was all of a sudden thrust into being on a computer in their room for eight hours a day and how do you manage what's coming in? And that's important. Somebody like me, as soon as I've been in technology forever, I like to call myself a lifetime nerd. I started my career with computers. So when I look at the technology world, it's pretty easy to discern what's fact from fiction if you've been in it forever, if it becomes second nature. It's harder now, though. It is hard, yeah. But when you see something that doesn't look right, then you do the research and you say, okay, I'm going to go to this and find other sources. Well, people who are not used to using it, we've got to teach them how to fact check on their own. We can't even rely on fact checkers because the fact checkers that you're getting to might have their own. Yeah. Well, let's get into that a little bit because I'm curious about that. And of course, we're sitting here in the community media center. And at the beginning of the pandemic, we worked with the community broadband board and the fish to set up a wireless network that we could serve the community with so that folks, again, kids who are like are living in the neighborhood, unfortunately, might have to come and sit in the parking lot next door but could have access to wireless internet so that they could do what they needed to get done. But where is the funding coming from and what is happening with the story of the funding being in jeopardy to support the Affordable Connectivity Program? Yeah, the Affordable Connectivity Program is what it does is it provides $30 a month to families of poverty levels of 200% or below, which is really important, of course, if you're a family that's struggling. That funding, there was a program set up with the federal government to fund that program. And the money that's in that program is slated to run out sometime in April of this year. So already, notices are going out to these struggling Vermonters that say, be prepared to lose this program. That money has to be passed through Congress. Now, our own Senator Welch has been leading one of the four senators leading the cause to get this bill reinstated and funded. But if you look at what's happening in Congress, specifically on the House side, we can predict, I think there's a lot of cynicism that anything's going to get passed on the House side at this point. And is there any effort in the Vermont legislature to make up this funding or to? Well, so the problem with this program is it's really complicated to try to set up a program in such a short period of time, and we would call it impossible, because it requires so much oversight and checking. So first of all, can we get something set up by April even if we wanted to? I don't think so, because it's so complicated. Additionally, it's expensive. If you look at what's happening in Vermont today as we're struggling with the news of the 20% increase in budget and those kind of things. So I kind of say that as a background. In order to, right now, there are 25,773 Vermonters enrolled in the ACP program. 25,000. 25,773, I just think I'll watch that. There's a federal website that gets updated every month, so that's why I know that number. It would cost about $9.3 million a year just to continue with that program. We estimate there's somewhere a little over 60,000 households in Vermont that qualify. If we wanted to extend the program to 100% of those that qualify, it would be about $22 million. So it's a significant expense. Yeah. It's not coming out of Vermont's cars. It was a fair question, but it's way out of my pay grade, right? I was asked the question in a committee at the legislature two days ago. Well, Christine, how can we fund this? Look, I said I really have empathy for our legislators right now because they have to make those decisions. I'm a telecom expert, but if you're looking at homelessness, feeding children, and $9 million to extend this program, it's a tough decision. Yeah. Well, I do have questions about that, again, maximizing the social benefit that you mentioned. I guess I would roll back. I mean, you made a bid for governor in 2020. 2018, right. 2018, okay. And those are the folks that are in that place that you would expect are looking at the big picture of community technology and what we need to do in the state around telecommunications. Who's managing? Who's got the big picture of vision right now? Well, I think by definition we're supposed to have the big, we do have the big picture of vision about broadband and telecom and equity and digital equity by definition. Yeah. You know, that's, again, that's where I go back to, obviously it's important. You know, what would I do if I were a queen, right? Yeah. Yeah, that's such a tough issue because it's so intertwined with, you know, the fact that the tax program has shifted our young children, our young people today have about a third the purchasing power I did when I graduated from college. You know, so this whole thing is so intertwined with all of this, what's going on in the whole country that I don't know what I would do. Yeah. Luckily, I don't have that job right now. Yeah. I would be doing much more research in those other areas. Yeah. So when we talk, let's talk a little bit more just about that issue of we can give access, but you know, this is an opportunity for the state to say, hey, but we're also going to put some effort. It's sort of like we're going to legalize, and maybe this is a bad analogy. So just forgive me. Okay. You know, forgive me. Yeah. You know, we're going to legalize POT, but we're going to tax that in a way that's going to be around education and prevention and harm reduction, right? And so where's the opportunity here, and who's going to do that work? Thank you. That was a great lead in because there's another thing I should talk about, too. I'm going to go back to this original number I talked about. It costs about $10,000 an address to serve these unserved remodders in these disadvantaged populations. Yeah. Meanwhile, in Chittenden County, it costs less than $2,000. Yep. So, you know, it really is unfair, and again, I'm stepping into opinion here, but it really is unfair to take a population that is struggling more economically and then have them have to fund when it's more expensive to serve them. So a more fair way to do this would be to provide a fund that all pay into. Yeah. And I'm safe to say that because we had a meeting with the chairwoman of the FCC in Norwich a couple months ago, and we asked her that question. We said, you know, what would it cost if we equalized this in terms of the entire country? And we wanted to pay this fund.  Yeah. It would only add 4% if we did this distributed equally. Ouch. Wow. So now you're looking at... Yeah. Yeah. I say ouch because you realize it's obtainable. Yeah. But politically. Right. Can it happen? Yeah. That's the right, you know, again, straight into opinion here. Yeah. But the most fair way to do this would be to equalize the burden. Across the country. Across the country. And you think about the fact that it costs five times more and you only need to have a 4% increase. You know, that's just... I think the date is clear. Yeah. And again, there's this issue of the broadband board also having a role in pushing for beyond just like let's get the house signed up, but let's make sure there are programs out there that help work around misinformation, around disinformation, about how to navigate, how to utilize a resource. Yes. Yes. Yeah. That's all. What's the vision there? Talk to me about the vision there. The vision is on that front is we have significant access to funding for digital equity programs. Yeah. We received a $516,000 grant last year to develop a five-year digital equity plan. And that there will be...this plan is how we're going to pull down additional funding. Yeah. And the potential...there's a potential for us to pull down somewhere around 20, you know, this is a real rough estimate based on the math that was used to issue the beat infrastructure. But if we use that same math, Vermont would get an additional $20 plus million for equity, which we would manage through our program. And so we're working with partners to...you know, for example, we're working with the Leahy Center here at the Leahy Institute and the universities as well as the libraries and others to identify how to best utilize those funds. Yeah. Well, I think about things that, again, you know, I'm a little biased because we're sitting here in a community access center, you know, one of 24 different access management organizations around the state that serves not just like the content that you're watching on the channel right now and not just on cable, but is working in communities to help hybrid meetings happen in the communities, working with students and interns around media literacy and media education and doing that work. So something like this, it just lights up. Oh, I get... My excitement centers around being... Yeah. Let's talk about you. Yeah. So the program, there's two programs that'll be part of the digital equity...the digital equity...I'll call it program. Yeah. One is we get a block...we'll get a block grant and the other is a competitive program. Yeah. So for an organization like yours, there's two opportunities to apply for funding and the funding will be...we have a digital equity plan, you know, identifying how you fit into that plan and how you're going to contribute to help support those eight identified populations is how you would access the funding. So anybody listening to this program who's in this kind of work, it should peak your interest because, you know, 20 plus million is a lot of money for digital equity. We talk about 9 million to sustain the ACP and we're looking at 20 million to help. Yeah. So we will be reaching out to organizations like yours and other organizations throughout the state to say, hey, put in a bid for these programs in terms of funding. Yeah. And in a community that doesn't have...you know, we just were in the middle of our election season right now.   We are participating in a kind of campaign finance reform by providing the service to folks. Well, I think when you think about TV. Yeah. In the new world. Yeah. Right? Especially when you look at the targeted populations, you know, it's...and I know you have access for that, but it is streaming access, right? Yeah. Yeah.  Right, right. We still love you. You're still there. Right, right.  And that's our job to teach people how to do that. And that's, you know, that's...I can geek out to it with excitement. Yeah. And we'll talk about these targeted populations and we'll talk about the homeless again. You know, they'll have a hard time trying to watch a show that's on at 8 p.m. every night, right? But if it's streaming and available on demand... Yeah. For free. And you can find it. And you can find it. Yeah, yeah. Well, I guess, is there any last things that you want to...like, is there anything big that you're pushing for in Montpelier right now that you want to flag? Yeah, the one thing we're pushing in Montpelier is, again, you know, we're hypersensitive to the issues of funding. Yeah. So we're not asking for additional funds. What we're asking is to make sure not to put additional burden on the...on...on rural Vermonters who are trying to get access. You know, and what I mean by official burden is taxes and fees that might negatively impact the bill. Yeah. Yeah. Well, Christine Holquist, thanks for joining us today here. And thank you all for watching Town Meeting TV. If you want to see this and other programs, you can visit our website at cctv.org. Of course, watch on Comcast, TAN 87, Burlington Telecom 217, and at youtube.com backslash Town Meeting TV. Take care. Thank you.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss the following question and the question says $57,200 are invested in $100 shares which are quoted at $120. Find the income if 12% dividend is declared on the shares. Let's start the solution now. We are given that $67,200 is the sum invested. So the sum invested is equal to $67,200. Also we have the market value of each share is $120. So market value each share is equal to $120. Hence the number of shares that is equal to the total sum invested which is $67,200 upon market value of each share which is $120. The zero gets cancelled and 12,560 times is $6,720. So this is equal to 560. It is also given that 12% dividend is declared on the shares. So dividend on one share is equal to 12% of nominal value. Now the nominal value of each share is $100. So the dividend on each share is equal to 12% of $100. This is equal to $12,100 into $100. The zero gets cancelled and this is equal to $12. Now we have to find the income from the shares. Hence total income from the shares is equal to total number of shares bought which is 560 into the dividend from each share which is $12. And this is equal to $6,720. So the final answer is total income from the shares is equal to $6,720. With this we end our session. Hope you enjoyed the session.


How are you feeling after getting the deal over the line? Good, good. I'm happy to get it done. I'm happy to be training with the Lads and happy just to be involved. And what have you made of the place so far? Yeah, it's a great place. Good facilities. The Lads are great. Tempo and training is really high as well, so yeah, it's good. I'm enjoying it. And what was it about the preference that appealed to you? Well, I guess they're a massive club in here. Everybody knows that. I know Gaffa, speaking to the Gaffa, just kind of made my decision for me really. You just completed your first trading session. How did you find it? Yeah, it was good. As I said, it was high intensity, good tempo and great bunch of quality Lads here, so yeah, it's good. And how have the Lads welcomed you into the team? Yeah, it's been really nice. I've settled in well. I know some of the boys are in from before, so it's been a good club. You're an experienced pro. You've spent quite a lot of time in this team. Do you think that sets you in good stead coming into this side? Yeah, definitely. I've got some games under my belt. I've played in a League one for a while, so I know the ins and outs again. So I think that helped me in being at this club, yeah. And you've been alone at Doncaster so far this season. What have you made of this season's League one competition so far? It's tight. There's a lot of good teams in the division. There's a lot of people challenging for promotion and that. That's something that this club should be doing as well, I believe, so it's been good. You say that, but right now it is a bit of a different challenge for the club and for yourself. Coming into a side that are currently just inside the relegation zone. What sort of challenge do you think that represents for yourself and the club? Are you up for it? Yeah, definitely. Of course I'm up for it. I wouldn't be here if I wasn't here to help the lads get free points on Saturday first and foremost and try to climb out of the League. We've got South Bend at home. It's the first chance for you to part of this club to experience that valley parade atmosphere. How are you looking forward to it? Yeah, I'm looking forward to it. I've played there a couple of times, but I've been away just a moment, so I'm definitely looking forward to being at home on this time. And what can the fans expect from yourself? A lot of energy, hard work, I'm just trying to help the team score goals and also defend.


We are now ready to launch the ease of doing business grant challenge. With this grant challenge, we are seeking innovative ideas from all stakeholders to suggest alternate government processes based on cutting-edge technology, such as artificial intelligence, internet of things, big data analytics, et cetera, to eliminate physical interface, enhance transparency, and reduce costs and time. The grant challenge will be run on the Startup India portal from today till the 1st of January, 2019, and the results will be announced on the 1st of February, 2019. Apart from the cash awards, winners will work with dedicated teams from the NOL departments for solution development and implementation. Seven problem statements have been identified for this challenge. May I now request Honorable Prime Minister to kindly launch the Ease of Doing Business Grant Challenge. May I request Srinarendra Modi, Honorable Prime Minister of India, to enlighten and inspire the gathering. With the ministry, Sriman Arun Jaitley, Commerce and Industry Minister, Mr. Rajesh Prabhuji, World Bank Vice President, Mr. Sheffers, Anand Mahidraji, Rakesh Shah, Sumitra Bhattachari, Iki Gowengar, Ramesh Bharti, Uday Ujjagat, K. N. Pratnithi Khan, and here on behalf of all, I welcome you all to the local market. There is a reason behind this. You have to pay for the Diwali festival. You have to pay for the festival. You have to do the same. You have to take the country out of a situation and bring new heights from the Ease of Doing Business. Thank you all for being here. The government, the government, the industry, our municipal corporations, the people sitting on the ground, the industry, the industry, and the Uday Ujjagat are also very important. I remember four and a half years ago, when I said for the first time that we will be in the top 50 in the coming years, many people were thinking about this. Before 2014, those who saw the situation in such policies and policies, policies and paralysis, it was difficult for them to believe that India can make a place in the top 100. I don't believe in such people's mistakes when the news of the last four and a half years is coming up every day, whether it is the Dhamadol or the Fiscal Deficit Bekabu, the world is saying to India that you will be in the top 50 and you will be in the top 50 in other countries. So, this kind of faith is self-evident. But within four years, the 180 degree change that has come in the country, which you are also seeing today, in the case of the age of doing business, we have come to the level of 77 from the 142th rank. We have crossed half of it. Friends, in just four years, the rise of the top 65, this is a record for any country, Abhutpur. Today, in the case of the age of doing business, we are at the first number in India-Dakshineshya. Just four years ago, we were at the sixth number. In the last two years, the top 10 countries that have made such a change have entered the list. In the last seven to eight years, in the last two years, we have not improved the 53 rank. Friends, we have done what no one in the world can imagine. So, we are only standing at a few steps to achieve the goal of the top 50. The World Bank has accepted in its report that India has improved its performance in eight human beings in ten. In two human beings, we have made more than 100 ranks. Together, we are working together with the government to improve the rank. We have contributed to the cooperative, competitive federalism and our government has supported it. Now, we are moving towards improving the level of age of doing business. How will this mark be found? The government is trying to make a ranking system based on every stakeholder. The government is trying to make a ranking system based on the level of age. The government is trying to make a ranking system based on the level of age. The government is trying to make a ranking system based on the level of age. The business, business, and business interests are needed in our country because we need growth, infrastructure, employment, and capital income. This is only possible when the investment is in good business, business, and business interests. And the common man will benefit from it. For this, we are working on policy-driven governance and predictable transparent policies. Our efforts are to reduce the discretion. Many of you must have experienced it. The fact is that the world banking ranking does not take into account all the things that we are doing. The ranking system is based on some parameters. Whereas our reforms, performance, and transparency are a bit different from that. To be honest, the reforms that we are doing are far ahead of the world banking ranking system. The common man in the country, the common businessman, and the small businessmen in the world are happy to work. The age of living is growing. We are working for that. Today, when the ranking of the age of doing business is improving, it means that it is easy to work for small businessmen and small businessmen. It is easy to send luggage from one city to another. It is easy to connect people with electricity. The government is getting the salary quickly. It is important to get the permit quickly. These are the efforts that have been made by the government officials. The government needs to take care of them and the country's hope is also there. The government has taken many important decisions to make the business environment of the country powerful. Our government has changed its approach. Whether it is GST, demodernization, non-profit law, the code of insolvency, the law related to the crimes of the rich, all of these are the examples of this. Due to these efforts of the government, the country is afraid of the demands of the government. The expectations of the government are increasing. Now, more and more people have started to give tests. They have started to believe that the government is using their tests correctly. Friends, you know very well that all the reforms and all the decisions were not so easy. To change the law, to change the law, and to change the law sometimes is easy, but to change the law sometimes is more difficult. It was not easy to prepare the system for these reforms. But we have succeeded in doing this in very short time. Today, we are increasing in the vision of making the business and the citizens friendly. In the last four years, more than 1400 old laws have been passed in the country. In the first four years, the commercial dispute was solved. It took about 1500 days. 1500 days. That is, in the next four years, after all the trials, it has been reduced to 400 days. It is trying to reduce it. In the clearance of imported goods, before 2014, where the time was almost 280 hours, it has now been reduced to 144 hours. We will try to reduce it. Before meeting the commercial dispute, it took years and months. Now, such disputes can be met online and in a few weeks. Currently, the work of the commercial dispute has been completely de-centralized and given to the local companies. GSD has also strengthened the logistic sector of the country. Now, compared to before, there have been about 15% of turnover in the turnaround time. With this, time is also saving and the money of the companies is also saving. To respect the law, first, the devils had to fill 50-60 different registers. Our government has reduced these registers and brought them to 5. That is, the work that used to be in the 50-60 registers, is now in 5. The old situation has always changed. Similarly, the passport that used to take 3-4 weeks to be made, has now been available for less than a week. First, people had to wait for 8-10 months for the income tax refund. Now, the same work is happening in a few weeks. You will also remember that 8-5 years ago, the headline used to be that because of too much traffic, there has been a railway rejection website. We have also updated and upgraded the platform for too much traffic. With this, millions of railways have been removed. From the street to the railway platform, we have also updated and upgraded the quality of life of the country. It is not difficult for women to work at night. Even for this, the government has changed the law. Even for a short period of time, the government has changed the law. We have also done a great effort for the MSME sector. The small railways from GST will now get a loan of 1 crore in just 15-9 minutes. Apart from this, to increase production, to increase the demand for the market, and to reduce the problems related to the license and license, many such important decisions have been taken. The companies that are working to make new jobs, under the leadership of the Prime Minister, the government is also being helped. Under this leadership, the government is making new jobs for 3 years. 8.33% EPA contribution was done by the government itself. The government has also changed the Apprentice Act and is running a new apprenticeship process. Under this strategy, when the industry has an apprentice, the government gives them a quarter of the stipend. Many industries are being lied to by these conditions. In fact, the minimum government and the maximum governance are being established. The fact is that in the world, the strength of India is being strengthened by the fact that our country is on the path of improving and improving. It is reforming people's lives to make it easier. IMF, Mudi, World Economic Forum, or Angtard, in all these systems, India is either going up or down. What is more important is that all the systems of our reforms and progress in the future of India are completely unwell and hopeless. Friends, there is a gap in the country between these efforts. Now our effort is to bring India to the $5 Trillion Club as soon as possible. To achieve this goal, we will have to improve every sector of the world. We will have to keep in mind that all the sectors are also changing. Now the manufacturing and services are becoming complete. From the service sector to the service sector, there is a value addition. And some sector from manufacturing improve the service. The new technology, artificial intelligence and information technology has become a very important part of the manufacturing ecosystem. We will have to keep this change in mind. We will also have to make the world's changes better. We are working on an industrial policy. A policy that can understand the industry in the new months and can explain the industry in the new years. This policy will be based on the new vision of the new India. In this policy, the importance of the new industry is to work together to reach the top 50. In the coming days, I myself will be reviewing with the different businesses related to this. The impact of the new industry will be seen as a result of the next year's ranking. We will be moving forward in every sector. We will make the country better. In today's system, we need to do at least human intervention. We need more digital technology in every sector of the world. We need to develop a work culture in which we need to build a firm or to build a government office or any other agency. This type of work culture will help the policy and governance. With the ease of doing business, the ease of living in a city requires a lot of your suggestions. At the same time, the self-confidence and trust are my greatest strength. I welcome your advice and suggestions. Mr. Mahendra, in the corporate sector, we are working with the government to teach the people of Gujarat and perhaps every child is taught that it is a sign of forgiveness. It is not a sign of forgiveness. If you miss a target, then you can forgive, but if you keep the target down, then you can't forgive. And my mantra is that when you decide to achieve your goal, you should not be caught. You should think, if I jump, then I will be caught. If I jump a little, then I will be caught. You should have faith. It is not too far away. I am used to using this psychology as a target. I have faith that the country has made this mood. We are also getting the results of this mood. Once again, I thank all of you for your advice.


We are going to introduce this instrument, this, this license that was acquired from the first museum a few years ago, and there's a lot of opportunities for research and archeology, so I'd like to introduce it to the community, and I think we'll know it's here. Well, thanks everyone. It's great to see you both the people in person as well as online. Thank you. I'm Chris Hoffman. I actually did a PhD here in the college department. I was telling some folks earlier, I wrote my thesis right there in that other room spent many years with with my advisor Ruth Tran who's actually here in the room. So thank you, Ruth, for coming and joining us today. Yes, as Nico said, what we're going to be doing is we're actually launching what I hope will become a new tool in our toolkit, a visualization resource that was at the first museum of archeology for a number of years, and is now available here in the archeological research facility. So we're going to talk a little bit about what we've done so far, how we use this visualization wall, what it is, how it's been used in the past, and then what some ideas we might have for future use of this facility. So I think we can actually have some discussion, both with folks online as well as here in the room about your ideas about how this could be useful for, for archeologists, for archeological research, you know, with water, you know, broadly. So yes, this is just kind of the outline here for Nico and I have been working on this thinking about different ideas for ways to use this as a resource, and then we'll have some open discussion. So what is, what is the Arcade? And by the way, the name Arcade is a placeholder. We can call this what we want, right? Part of this is to invent this, and so that name is not its permanent name, but I would really ask you all to help come up with the name that seems more suitable to this as a resource for archeologists, including graduate students, faculty, people within anthropology, people in other departments across the country. He stands for, and I think this is fresh, but this is a little bit of a guess, computer aided visualization environment. This is actually a technology that was developed in the 90s. In the early days of virtual reality, you know, computer scientists at, we have some colleagues at UC San Diego, we're really interested in both virtual reality, but also its large screen display environments. And I'll tell a little story there. One of the archeologists, one of the, one of the computer scientists, Tom Levy, is really motivated by getting away from really expensive proprietary systems. So, you know, if you work in the museum industry, you know that you can spend hundreds of thousands of dollars on a visualization environment. And one company owns it, they own the hardware, they own the software and they install it and they run it for you. He was really motivated by the idea of going to a store, buying a computer, buying some screens, and just making it work. So he was really kind of driven by coming up with affordable approaches to be very expensive. So this is essentially just a Windows 10 computer that has 65 inch TVs attached to it. The computer is a pretty BP powerful one. One of the features of it is it has two GPU cards, a graphics processing unit card that is really designed for computer games, video games. But it's also, it's just for visual processing of data and information, there are other applications that are really interesting within archeology where we have a lot of data that really you know, there's so much in the visual environment that we really love to capture and present in different ways. What this is, the thing is actually a computer, you know, cables sticking through that window there and it's in the back of our computer line. Right, so where did it come from? Well, UC Berkeley participated in a UC wide project of at risk cultural heritage, at risk world heritage and the digital humanities. I'm trying to speak to the microphone here without looking at my slides. So this was actually a partnership amongst four University of California campuses led by colleagues at UC San Diego. The PI here at Berkeley was Benjamin Porter with time was the director of the first museum of anthropology. And the idea of the of this project was to distribute these visual visualizations of cultural heritage sites at the different UC campuses, make them available in museums and libraries on the UC campuses, and have a repository of visual information of visualizations in one place down at UC San Diego. And they involve people in the libraries at UC San Diego to be part of the solution there so to be actually curated content from Egypt and Middle East, and especially you know cultural heritage at risk. And kind of tagline there was at risk from natural forces of erosion or in human forces of terrorism, one of the big motivations because we were archaeologists working in the Near East. Very concerned about sites they could no longer get back to. So, we brought one of these visualizations came environment this one here in fact to the first museum of anthropology and we installed it right when the first museum was reopening after its renovation. 2017 2018 approximately that we installed this in the first museum of anthropology, where it was actually really, you know, a wonderful experience where we work with students and anthropologists and the museum profession professionals to do a number of things. One of the main focuses was, was photogrammetry, developing three dimensional models of objects in the museum collection. So you can see here, we have a couple of objects that we've worked on. Now, this was myself and a number of students from the campus undergraduate students. We've never done photogrammetry for nor have the students so we work with people like Michael Ashley, who's a former colleague of current colleague of ours who has been training photogrammetry work with other people would develop this skill in photogrammetry but we were, we were kind of self taught, but I always kind of treated this as an experiment. We made a lot of mistakes. So you can see here's a picture is there's a picture on the left there with Ben Porter to add to this museum collection facility to some initial photography. I think there's a facet there, we work with other museums, staff being plenty there and students on a mass, and then we branched into other objects and corrections like Japanese. My engaging students here was actually turned out to be really one of the highlights in the work that we were doing. They were, they were so excited to be learning about museums, learning about the kind of work that goes on there, getting that kind of behind the scenes and understanding of what happens in the museum. There's a lot of space in the classroom area of the first museum of anthropology, where we have six or seven people there's Michael Ashley is there on the, on the right of that photograph. And we actually use this, not only to display the models, but to develop the models, because those, those two graphics cards, the GPUs that are part of this computer rush really good at taking all these photographs of these objects, and creating a rendering three dimensional model that was, that was one of the undiscovered features of having this particular point of view. One of the things that we discovered is that actually visitors to the museum were as interested in the work we were doing as they were in the exhibits that were showing in the museum. So we actually ended up putting, you know, we would put our hours of work on the calendar of events for the first museum, because people wanted to know, what are you doing, what are the students doing there, what's that object, you know, what did you do wrong that three dimensional model obviously not working very well. I think that was actually really interesting. Now, from that we actually launched another series of other projects in this kind of visualization state. So we became part of a non funded project called visual looks at visualizing visual scholarship in libraries and learning spaces. And this was North Carolina State University was the primary almost award and Berkeley was sub award that what we did there, we really worked with some of the other museum collections on campus, the Botanical Garden of Herbaria, the Berkeley Art Museum Pacific archive, Pacific Film Archive, and the library to develop three dimensional models of objects in other kinds of collections. And this is an opportunity to talk with people from around the country who are at similar goals of developing these kinds of visualization resources. We actually were able to install second one of these caves in a museum over on the other side campus in the Citrus building to target I call Citrus is the center for information technology research in the interest of society. And then we installed a very similar environment in their tech museum. So if you've ever been over the Citrus they have a tech museum where they show things that they built in their makers spaces. We have some other projects that leave them. And we have a facility like this is called there as well. So, now that's kind of interesting to me because that's engineering kind of context right so it's a different and they have a lot of visitors come here with a very high profile project over there. So, different kind of environment. We're also trying to figure out how we make that this resource useful in that context with the pandemic with a big introduction to the project. Now, the next project at this launch was a project with really really from studies here at Berkeley. They got funding from Citrus actually to develop a virtual reality application. And for those of you who know really really really really her specialization is understanding text, say from the book of the dead in kind of their material three dimensional contents. So for instance, she has done, she's developed three dimensional models of sarcophagi in the first museum collection, and other collections really around California and beyond. And she's interested in why certain parts of the text and book of the dead were placed in different parts of a sarcophagus or some other material representation. It's really interesting. That's, that's for an updated by developing a three dimensional model. So, I work with Rita, and then with another, a digitologist down at UC Santa Cruz Elaine Sullivan to develop this idea of a proposal for developing a virtual reality application that would start at the complex of the landscape of the region of where these objects were found. We're taking down into the light level of the landscape and on the right. From there you can descend into the tune. You would see this sarcophagus and then you could actually pull up conversions of the higher. These are some of the raw materials that we were using as we were signing the application. And these are some screenshots from the actual VR application which I can maybe show some some video from later. But we do start with kind of a splash screen from the upper left is kind of a, there's a credit level left there's a map of where the site of the car is located, and then there's super imposed over the sarcophagus model. And then there's a button that says enter so far. From there, you end up kind of at the level of the landscape. This is based on work Elaine Sullivan, who is developed when she calls a 4D GIS model of this landscape, and she visualizes what the site looked like at different periods of time. Right. So you start with that level of the landscape. And then you just send it underground. You can kind of see there on the right, this, these occurs in burial chambers to go 25 feet underground. You can enter the tune where you can see the doctor, the sarcophagus nickname doctor, and from there, you can use your pointer to click on part of the hieroglyphs and bring up translations. And we'll show you the track, the hieroglyphs and then you can also see some of the translation. So this is a really, and we did this also with students. So, and this was really challenging to actually get to a finished product. So, as we, and I'll say that Rita and Elaine are thinking about the next steps with this project, they're actually down in, I think it's Irvine right now at a conference and they're doing some demonstrations of this, helping make sure that the application still runs. So that they can do their demos, but Rita unfortunately is not even playing. But as we, as we thought about what we've learned so far in this project, it's been really interesting. First of all, we were dealing with materials that were excavated under different circumstances in around 1903-1904. Right. So the actual stone sarcophagus that we were using in our, in our experience is in the first museum of anthropology. When you are able to go back in there, it's actually in the entrance to the lobby of the first museum. But most of the other information that we're using this from publications in 1903-1904 that have some maps and some drawings and a lot of text, but really generating kind of a three dimensional understanding of the whole context is very challenging. So there was actually some kind of rediscovery of the archaeology of the context that we have to go through in order to develop this model. And then I don't read all of these. This will also be available in reporting that will pass later, but this is really challenging because, currently because the technologies that we're working with, like the wild wild west. The hardware is evolving with software is evolving there are no standards for file formats. And then we're working with each ecologists who are working in the same, same kind of site and cultural context. One is developing three dimensional models of sarcophagi. The other is doing GIS work and building three constructions. They're both creating three dimensional models, but they don't talk to each other. They're like, they're completely different kind of landscapes of their really challenging to bring it into one model. So we have to make a number of trade offs. And so for instance, Rita and Elaine were really concerned about authenticity and accuracy and representing what we know, and what was actually there. But to create a virtual reality experience where you're wearing a headset and you're using controllers to move around. So we have to, we have to make a few sacrifices to make a an immersive experience that that capture what was really there and also told the story that we wanted to tell. So interesting challenge there. I was struck by this recently when I was helping Rita get ready for the demo that she's doing next week. The examples that are out there to follow in terms of what a good digital cultural heritage, virtual reality experience should be. They're just aren't very good examples. I mean, what we did with a student programmer and me working part time and stuff like that on this fun side. It almost stands out as one of the best examples. Obviously, I'm not objective. But when I compare it to things that I've seen, both in things like an Oculus Quest or in the HTC Vive store. I'm not that much out there. I'll come back to that because I think what we're seeing is the best, best examples are in various kinds of computer games, where we've seen those kind of environments and cultures, cultures represented in a certain way in a game context. People obviously have a different agenda, right, they're developing games, they're trying to make money, and they're the ones that are really investing in, you know, representing cultures, you know, to the to the end of having having a game that someone that we really, we really have a responsibility to take this was written, I'm speaking, we have the responsibility to do this work in this space so that we can be using this information presenting it and having the kind of dialogues that we know we need to have to be responsible with the kinds of cultural information that we'd like to be able to share with others. That's a big part of my reason for doing it. Now, another project starting at 1230. Okay, another project that I've been involved with it's been coming out from from this work is we've developed an XR community of practice on campus. XR is kind of an extent for extended reality, virtual reality, augmented reality, and a colleague and I own the graph that formed the XR community of practice. We have some small pocket of funding for campus, mainly we're hiring students, buying a little bit of equipment, and trying to bring together the different pockets of excellence that do exist on this campus. So we have people like next door in architecture, who are really doing fascinating work in virtual reality. We have people in the College of Engineering and computer science, who are developing hardware and software in virtual reality and augmented reality, but nobody's doing anything kind of campus wise. And since I work in kind of a central group here on campus with my colleague Rick Jaffe, our perspective is campus wise, what kinds of services or spaces or tools would be helpful to the different people working in different disciplines. This is what we call the service design experience. What would you as archaeologists like to have available? So that's, that's what this is an experiment in that thing. We have four main things that we're looking at in developing this community of practice. One is accessibility. How do we make sure both definitions of that work? How can we make sure that these technologies are available to people with all sorts of abilities and disabilities. So obviously for something like this, somebody who has vision impairments, how can they still not be left out of this kind of experience. A classic example of this is if you think about revolving using Zoom a lot for classrooms and for experiences like this, there are now kind of virtual reality spaces that are available as well. How do we make sure that we're not leaving anybody out if we're using some of the social VR environment as part of our learning and public service missions here at the university. But that's about also access to content and technology that is very very expensive. How do we make sure that we're being included. So, I think we'll be a great interest curation, how can we make sure that the content that we're developing is high quality that it's reusable so that information doesn't get lost in a file format that that doesn't doesn't really work anymore where it's not supported. So one of the things that we can do to make sure that people can find the content that was developed 1015 20 years ago, or another excavation, for instance, how do we make sure that we're doing the right thing with the information that we have. I'm going to make sure it's not so hard to take something from a GIS application and something from photogrammetry and bring it into one experience. How do we make sure this whole host of ethical actual ethical issues about the virtual reality in particular the, the information that these headsets gathered by tracking and what are you actually looking at people are starting to build in other kind of biometric sensors Are you sweating, are you, are you getting nervous, you know those kinds of things. That's really, that is data that's very sensitive. Obviously, so what are the things you need to do to make sure people know as they use virtual reality on the reality that they understand what kind of information to gather the background. Okay. So we've got a bunch of kind of experiments, developing some applications that work on the iPhone and other devices. I won't go through that, but I'll be referring to that. All right, so let's look at what can we do with this now. So, we've got to talk about two things that kind of build on work that I've been doing. And that includes, we want to actually, then a demonstration of demo. For that catalyst publication for that catalyst project that I started talking about from this facility here, we have an application developed by the computer scientists down at UC San Diego. And in that application, you start at the level of low, and there are several sites that are actually where we bought in 360 degree images into this application. For instance, I can say that I want to go to the site of Luxor and use some 360 photos. This one's very dark, but get to a more well lit area. You can see that we were able to actually navigate around this site in 360 degrees. So this is the next site here in the next 360 video or image rather, and look around this location. So, but this is the original purpose of this, of this cave, he asked us to share these kind of images so that if you couldn't go to Egypt, you could go to a museum or a library and see this space. You can see we have, we do have some archaeological sites. This is a site that we did work on. There's a marine archaeology that he's doing down there. There's an archaeological context. This is a way to put somebody in that location. We can learn more about that. Well, theoretically, we can add more 360 images to this same application. That's one of the things I'd like to explore is how can we add to this application. As we get into the first museum, we can certainly do more photogrammetry, develop 3D models from other collections, and that's something we actually have the material tools right here at the art to do some of that work. There's also a photogrammetry of whole archaeological sites, but as a way to develop a three dimensional model of an archaeological site, this is a resource that we can take advantage of. I think we're going to talk about something related to that. And then I'm really interested in continuing to work on applications and experiences in AR and VR. I'm really interested if there are others that want to explore how to take some of these three dimensional representation and then tell stories through those and share our interpretations and use those platforms to then allow others to have a dialogue with us about cultural heritage. I know Meg, for instance, she has over there in the corner, she has a bulletin board about movies. And she and I talked a little bit about what could we do to have this be a platform for talking about reading, right, and then teaching people about our reading. Now then, I also want to have some conversation about how to do this appropriately. So when I was working with the students in the First Museum of Anthropology, we were trying to find some objects that would be a good collection for them to work on. They would also be kind of good to showcase why this was good work to do. And Katie Fleming, then at the First Museum of Anthropology, brought us to a collection of Japanese Mexico. And these are objects that are really wonderful. They're often carved in ivory or wood. They're part of typically man's garments that kind of used to hold a sash and some other things here that would be part of a little little external pocket that would hold things in it. So these Netsuke are very unique, very collectible, and the First Museum has an interesting collection of Netsuke. So we started, we developed 20 or 25 models, three-dimensional models of these Netsuke from the First Museum. And I'm sorry that Jiko Abu can't be here because when she saw some of these models, she was like, these are awful. They're clearly for the tourist trade. I don't really think you should show those here. So that really formed around it to me that we have to be having a dialogue with people. It's not just about showing fancy things. We have to be really thinking and talking with people about what we're doing and why. Because as we know, archaeology and museums are in such a special place right now. It's been such a hard and will continue to be so important that we have those dialogues. So I think that this platform can help us have those conversations because we all know just because something is digitized and is a picture doesn't mean that it's any less sensitive or culturally important to somebody. But how can we make sure that we as archaeologists are really making sure how to really advance how we have those conversations. Okay, so let's, those are the kind of things I'm really hoping to get out of having this, but bring this back to my academic home where I started here many years ago. Okay, so Nika, I'm going to now turn over to my colleague Nika, my collaborator. I will turn off the application. So I've been trying to think of research applications of this. And in addition to the photogrammetry potential that Chris mentioned this is here has to a gigabyte graphics processing units, which are 2017 that was pretty high. It has, but it has double graphics. Those can be passed by photogrammetry software for processing these hundreds and thousands of photos that are combined to calculate a point by three dimension. So that's one possible application we've demonstrated back today but it's something that one sort of obvious use for people in Google Earth. I don't know. We have a skylight in this room so it's great to write it here but I'm not going to show it to you. So I'm going to go ahead and do the same thing around exploring possible. You can explore your plan, your survey research, and the difference from just using your laptop or even virtual reality goggles is that more than one person can stand here. That's one possible use. You can see how constructed spaces look so let's fly over here. And in the case of urban settings, some places Google actually has the 3D data from building data. So we're going to fly down the corridor here, put them on Sony Center, that's one possible use. GIF software is a quick display of the GIFs, you've got information systems, and we have RGIFs along there. The evolution of RGIFs. And one thing that they're supporting now is more integrated three dimensional models. And this is what's called a voxel, which is, you know, in GIFs we have vectors or objects and raster, which are essentially a think of a satellite image or a future elevation model. So those are classic examples of rasters. So a voxel is a three dimensional raster. So instead of just rows and columns of equally sized grid squares, you have queues, equally sized queues. You have scientists who are using the voxel models and you can go to get a set of surface strata or calculate larger features that they've mapped onto physics. You can potentially see using this, you can cut across an archaeological site, but you can map it with the same ground country radar. So that was an example of seismic media. A third example I thought I'd demonstrated. This is almost like a profile, right, a stratigraphic profile, at an archaeological site. But I thought it would be easy to pull up some profiles. Here, I have an image from two of our scholars here. We've created some high resolution images from the power group. This is just explaining that, you see, this is a people of the migrant well depiction of life. And this is where the doorway of the wall off. I think I should give you some background. This is a profile in a different side of here. This is where the doorway, a post mold, when you can line it up and looking in front of me, see what I'm trying to do.  I'm going to go ahead and show you a little bit about it. This is a profile from Shibita, and where we have other sources. So it's another kind of potential use of this system. It's using a comparison picture software. This is a Java program that was written maybe 10 years ago. It's still run unfortunately. We can start with a comparison picture, so you can see it here in the comparison picture software. You can really zoom in and potentially gather around the profile like this and discuss the security and the sequence of the scene. One of the features of the software is creating geographic group. You can see the different sets of events or projects. It offers a potential for gathering around these large entities. Is there any questions here on this? Let's see. We have a question here online. Could this screen and computer be used to display what's happening inside someone's VR headset to make a VR experience more shareable? Yeah, absolutely. This is a little hard. It kind of depends on the equipment you're using. So the Oculus Quest now has a pretty good means of casting what you're seeing in VR onto a computer screen. So yes, that is a great idea and something I'm interested in exploring for sure. Yeah, that's true. That's true. Yeah, yeah, you know, some of these, yeah, it all depends on the particular application you're working with. Yes, Christine. Yes, I see very much the first slide. So if you would want to, if you have that one snap of a profile, if you want to make a 3D room like our left door room, what you're talking about is a desert. And one colleague would be talking about this for saying, between 30, 200 photos, what do you need to do so you can reach the crop? You can do those down to the right information so that you can get a better approach to both graphics and something more. Now, so for people on Zoom, I'll repeat the question. So the question is, how do we create these three-dimensional models? Say of an archaeological site, we just take a lot of photographs. So there are a number of ways to generate these three-dimensional models now, these photogrammetry models. In photogrammetry, yes, we would typically take some large number of photographs that have to overlap. My, I think it's 30 to 40% is kind of the ideal.  If you take bad photographs, you will not get a good model. So taking good photographs is really key. One of the lessons I learned a hard way early on. So taking good photographs that overlap 30 to 40% is really important, even more. Yeah, okay, six, yeah. And from different angles as well. So from straight on and from above and from below. And then you use software. And what the software does is it takes those, all of those images, and it uses that overlap to find points in common. So I think you've heard Niko refer to a point cloud. And what the software is doing is it's trying to say, okay, that, that fingertip is, you know, the same fingertip and this photo this photo and this photograph, right. And so it creates sometimes 10 or 20, you know, thousands of points in a point cloud. And then us as the user of the software can actually update and correct some of those determinations of software is made. So if you want to create another denser point cloud, and then at that point, good, if you will actually try to connect with us. We'll say, okay, those points are good, then I can create a surface of polygon, right. That has a certain color has a certain texture to it. And from there, it's able to create a three dimensional model. So that's how I'm familiar with creating three tomorrow, three dimensional models, but there are new technologies out there, not so wide R is a great technology for creating three dimensional models. And the very active area of technological development. I can now use my phone to create a three dimensional model because it has a certain actually my iPad is better than the software and hardware now out even at the consumer level. To create some of these models. Christine was actually instruction. But my question would be how difficult is it. If you just got all the stuff. Right. Okay, okay. Perhaps to be able to discuss alternative interpretation. Yeah, great question. How could we use this to actually reconstruct archeological sites from archeological remains, and then even use that use this as a format for discussing different interpretations of what a reconstructed environmental site or room might look like. I think that's a great question. And, you know, I know that this is the work that archaeologists do. I have seen, there has been some interesting work, just a few isolated, especially, I think classes is really interested in this right. So I've seen some Roman sites that have been kind of reconstructed, even in kind of a three dimensional block through, right to do a walk through one of one of those sites, but I think that's a perfect application. I don't think it's going to go into reality in some way or another. Yeah, I saw a very interesting talk a few years ago here where they were using augmented reality to to put artifacts back into site. And they were actually talking to the space, there was a combination and I think they were actually probably, maybe it was a foam, a foam pan around the geometry states the same, but not, you know, put a quick part in the heart. Right. Yeah, Sarah. Yeah, so the question that Sarah has was, is there, instead of, in addition to just having the the three dimensional videos, the three 63 videos, there's something we could do to actually then add some interpretive kind of component so that you can look at the three dimensional videos. Yeah, so the question that Sarah has was, is there, instead of, in addition to just having the three dimensional videos, the three 63 videos. So what we could do to actually then add some interpretive kind of component so that you can learn more, you could look at some of the data, the drill into certain aspects of the archaeology. Yes, that's where, you know, it would take developing some kind of application in order to take the raw content, and then add annotations or some kind of ability to navigate. It's really interesting to me, I've been thinking a lot and actually doing some some classes on how to design these applications. Because this is, this is again there's no standards for this right except what's maybe being developed in gaming contacts but for, yeah, which are expensive and take a lot of money. So before for the kind of application we would want to develop. You know what is the right way to navigate to provide some kind of annotation. How do we, since this is mostly about kind of immersive visualization, we in archaeology I think we're used to data and some kind of context as well so how do we, how do we provide enough context information, but also recognize kind of limitations of the technology and maybe, you know, who are intended audiences as well. I think a lot of this is being developed quickly, because now it's been to be here about Meta and Microsoft by Ubisoft. Okay. Acquisitions that Microsoft to compete with. One of the discussions I saw is whether we want to really give this over to these companies, in terms of establishing standards, or should this be more of an open forum for public so it's not just dominated by a couple of players. Open standards, you know, along the lines of each channel. Right.  I'm still following on from what the whole question of whether this is, this is a democratization of visualization basically that's why you're saying it is constructed so that it was easy for a museum to get one. And so it seems to me that that we have to ask a question is, does it always have to be so expensive to make a game that uses video or immersive visualization. Right, right, doesn't have to be so expensive. Fortunately, this is one of the things that's happened recently is the development of these kind of social XR spaces, their companies trying to create kind of the zoom killer. How could we have some other kind of more immersive environments that we could join in for work or for socializing conferences conferences. And those are kind of forcing development of some standards, right, because the companies need to bring in their own content for their own conference or something so, you know, we're, we're definitely experimenting with platforms like New Zealand hubs and spatial and Facebook has meta has its own kind of social XR environment, but those are, those are shown some promise. That's one of the things our students are doing is evaluating some of those to see how, again, they were they were developed for a different purpose. How do they work in in a higher ed environment. Yes. Who can use the art. Is there a system in place for, they say, your graduates to the point of visualized maps or say I'm a graduate who are associated with the program or the faculty doctor. They use the arcade for visualizing photographs that they take in my scope level. Yeah, great, but I'm so glad you asked that question, because that is kind of the next thing which is, how do we make, how can students, how can faculty others use this resource. So, you know, Nico and I have talked just at kind of a high level about how this community of facility that the people could reserve time, they could know check it out, so to speak, and then use it. So I think that's the next step is for us to actually develop, you know, the appropriate system for people to use the environment. What I'm thinking about doing is actually maybe having where I'll be here for a couple hours each week. So, we're going to find a time that where I could come over and be just be around and let people know so that they're here they could, and then I'm also also available.  So, we'll make sure my, well my email is chris underscore h at Berkeley.edu you can find me on the calendar as well, and you can go have all my information. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, you think something like that would work. Yeah, yeah. All the other guys. Yeah, that's. Very dark. Thank you for asking that question. No, we're at 104 would be great to link the models to TDR or ochre. Excellent. I am not familiar with ochre is that another repository for this kind of information. Yeah, it's out of the University of Chicago I think and they're doing a lot with, you know, creating a kind of multifunctional archaeological database, you know, like these other ones where you can have a field application and then it's automatically in your database that then you continue to work with in the lab and we've been connecting some of some ochre information from the Amachi project to things like as restory maps, so that they're they're linked between GIS data and the ochre database because it's all, you know, it's all on servers. So, it would be cool to have some of these virtual reality models, especially in sort of fixed setups like this that you are just sort of see a slight gesture towards, you know, there's more information here and click on it and get the whole sort of database entry for artifact. I love that idea. Thank you. Every time I talk to somebody about visualization like this review or I learned something so so thank you. Yeah, that would be exciting. Yeah. You could have a clickable object that takes you to some of the UI information as well. Yeah, absolutely. I love that. Thank you. This is I'd love to hear other ideas like this or examples of resources or work that people are doing because there is a lot happening it's just kind of scattered. There's a lot of essentially three dimensions. If you're modeling your kitchen, you can get quiffar from all the dishwasher companies and pop it into SketchUp and they've really made it a lot easier. That's true. Follow that. But it's not realistic about talking about sort of public presentation and not research. Yeah. Are there any other. Yes. You know, there are a lot of interest in in VR and augmented reality for education. And for instruction. In fact, there's so much interesting work going on in the medical fields where they're actually developing virtual reality and augmented reality applications for teaching people how to say do surgery or plan for surgery surgery. So in medical fields, they've done some incredible advances in using those technology, even to aid in an active surgery. Yeah, and robotics or three really interesting confluence between robotics VR AR and AI technologies. It's kind of shaking a lot of things out. So, so there's a lot of work going on training for medical fields also in a factory context and manufacturing as well, both for training and in the actual factory work. The other edge is a little behind, I would say, maybe not, maybe not surprising, but people are exploring. I'm part of a community group that's talking about these things. So again, you find an interesting example of there's actually someone using second life to teach Japanese. So there's a Japanese island in second life still. We hate second life now. Understood. No. Okay, we're just saying the second life doesn't like I read I, I, I, I totally believe it. Yeah. I don't have you know, but there are maybe some other projects that are doing something interesting. Yeah, yeah. This could be used for teaching. John. What we look for, you know, What we're looking for. Resolutions. In some ways it's no different than our overall. I think it's better to blame. And you can stand there. Yeah. Well, it's very high resolution LED screen. These are also mentioned 3D TVs. So you can actually use the glasses if you have a 3D application. So we have a list application that we looked at. There is a mode that it runs in three dimensions as well. So we haven't even talked about that. That's going 3D TVs were kind of the phrase but you can't even buy them anymore. So technology that did not catch on, but these are 3D TVs. So we are at 110. Let me just see if there's any other, I don't see any other questions, but thank you to everybody online, especially those who came to see us.


While water electrolysis represents a promising means for renewable hydrogen production, the catalysts needed must be efficient at high current densities. Here, authors show rhodium nanocrystals on graph diene to efficiently evolve hydrogen from saline water. This article was authored by Yang Jiao, Eurasia, Luchi, and others.


St. Lucia has won the award for Caribbean's leading honeymoon destination at the 28th annual World Travel Awards. President and founder of World Travel Awards, Graham Cook, presented the award to tourism minister-honorable Dr. Ernest Eller at the ongoing expo Dubai in the presence of other senior tourism officials. The win represents the island's eighth consecutive title as Caribbean's leading honeymoon destination and twelfth overall of the same title. St. Lucia has been named for the twelfth time as the Caribbean's leading honeymoon destination. It is such an honor for our island to be continuously recognized among the makers of the industry within the romance niche. We certainly could not do this with all the efforts of our local people as the driving force of this industry and our Carripecations and Lucia brand. Congratulations to our ancillary service providers who will also recognize in the categories of leading car rental company, leading beach resort, leading hotel, leading resort, leading destination management company, leading tour operator and leading travel agency. Carripecations St. Lucia is a prominent driver of the island's regional marketing efforts. Marketing manager for the Caribbean region and events Christopher Gustav says St. Lucia is well known as the romance capital of the Caribbean. We are indeed proud and romance continues to be a mainstay in the Carripecations and Lucia brand. Noting the impact of COVID-19 on regional travel, we not only recognize this award for the destination's resiliency and continued progress, but it reflects the dedication and commitment of all our tourism stakeholders. Carripecations will continue to showcase St. Lucia and her diverse offerings as the destination of choice for all our Caribbean brothers and sisters. St. Lucia is also the 12-time winner of the world's leading honeymoon destination by World Travel Awards. The public is encouraged to vote for St. Lucia as the world's leading honeymoon destination 2021 until October 24th. The Grand Finale event, which acknowledges first-class excellence of travel brands from across the world, takes place on November 26th, 2021. During George's, St. Lucia Tourism Authority.


Once you've secured a nice straight spinal position and a nice symmetrical ribcage position, the third piece, actually just another component of the spine that you need to stabilize is the head. So this is probably the most common fault that I see. The ribcage one is probably the most difficult to fix, but everyone just, everyone messes up the head. So when you're supporting, you got your knee on the bench, you got your hand on the bench. Once you set that straight back and once you kind of find that nice tilt in your side, it's really easy to start the row by just letting your head fall down toward the ground. Because we're used to that. We're used to looking at computer screens. We're used to wearing glasses. We're used to poking our head forward to see around. Sometimes we have limited mobility and the only way that we can turn around to check our blind spot when we're driving is by actually sticking your head forward, turning your neck muscles on and then tilting in a weird kind of way. Not necessarily weird in that it's abnormal, but weird in that it's suboptimal.  So I'm just gonna bring my neck away from this whole hand.   And the neck is what's important here because the neck is what's determining how all those nerves that control my arm that's doing the rowing, that's what controls how those work. So I need to make sure my neck isn't too far forward and I need to make sure my neck isn't too far flat. So if your head is falling down towards the ground, it's probably a little bit of both. It's a little flat, but also tilted forward.  What you'll notice is that the upper back then rounds a little bit more and I get a nice normal curvature of my back. So when I'm setting in that first step we talked about spinal stability. When I set my spine straight, it's easy to forget that my head is part of my spine. So really, if you want only one cue, you want your entire spine straight from head all the way down to your tailbone.


What's up everyone? It's your girl Kenzie here from Layton Sports Cards and I've been a personal for Travis B We've got two boxes a 20 21 mosaic basketball team all as well as a 21 22 panini recon basketball hobby Alright, here we go Travis. We're gonna start off with the team all Here we go You do also have the best running back in the entire football league for the Colts, too. I Mean if not, he's like very similar to Henry red wave Chris Boucher I would say I Mean health-wise he can stay healthy, you know and as of last year he's ranked number one wasn't he Halliburton rookie base Paul Pierce. We got red wave dearest Basie. Oh Right line through the bottom right there Yeah, exactly Vaughan Isaiah Stewart's red wave national pride Damian Lillard Sidney Bay red wave plate Griffin Stacked the box against Eric Henry next. I don't know what we're talking about here anymore Trey Jones ant-man national pride gold wave debut Payton Pritchard nice one there Celtics Sidney Bay silver bam out of bio and red wave rookie Cole Anthony. Nice. There you go Travis Either way Colts height is pretty similar. I Would take the Colts over the Titans. I would too better QB. Yeah Lamar Stevens. We've got red wave La Mello ball. Nice one there for you Travis Nice Mello Isaac Acoro debut red wave Rudy go bear And still number one got RJ Hampton rookie red wave of Luke Kennard Kenner sub charts Jalen Smith red wave of Kevin Garnett's La Mello national pride and red wave Michael Porter, Jr. Came off and left a little bit of a residue on that one So debut James Weisman and gold wave say Kudumbaya We will send the box there with you Travis on that one on the Kevin Garnett the residue might like come off with some extra like you know a little bit of effort But I'm not gonna put too much into it. All right recon time It probably might end up damaging in any way It's nothing crazy. It's you can only see it when you look at it. I mean for grading it It wouldn't do well some big That's cool green goblin. I don't know what that is, but it's cool. Is that a piece of the daily bull? Beagle it's like Rarance or something. That's cool. Claim to fame on the blue to 49 Andrew Bogut that is Bogut says blocking benchmark with sensational swat streaks That's a name right there Bucks throw back there Ray Allen Hollow and LeBron on the closing statements Herbert Jones rookie we've got gold two of ten Kevin Love And future legends Cameron Thomas Brad is such a cornball you and Brad both he's showing like I don't know Cameron Johnson Jericho Sam's you got red the 199 Montrez-Harrell and Herbert Jones on the rookie recon With my little ball hollow rookie Josh Christopher. We've got maneuvers Taris Halliburton Yeah, I like they I like the way they design these cards better than last year too. I think they definitely stuff it up a bit Kumanga rookie base. We've got hollow magic Johnson and rock the rim Anthony Edwards Got Lakers rookie Otto true potential Austin Reeves Lakers rookie out of there for each house Ben Simmons hollow and pink Marvin Bagley third Washington, Jr. We got bronze to 299 Kawhi Leonard and future legends Tyrese Maxie We've got hollow Jared Allen and skies the limit Kevin Durant Yeah, I mean last year was also the first year of recon. So I think within the only one year Vamping it up. So what it looks like now is they did a really good job with it. Thanks for subscribing Jesse We've got red Rudy go bear out of 199 and Christy Warthay on the rookie recon Alrighty Travis that will do it on your basketball boxes. Thanks so much for hopping in and we'll get these right out to you


I go by the name of Cannabis in the realm of hip-hop. I say that just one of those MCs that, you know, me try to give you hip-hop in its rawest form. I take it back to the golden era and try to bring it to where it's going. You know, soldier in hip-hop. The first recorded contract that I've gotten was with Universal MCA Group Home and Group Home Productions. It was a production there that we had acquired through the management of Lost Boys and working with them. So, from that, like, you know, working with Cheeks and them, you know, we used to do the management thing for them, you know, they put Renee out and it was up there, Island Records. You know, then they put the love piece of Napping in the south and I was on that beach from the East Track. You know, you did that Rama reason thing with Rise-Kaz, Rock and Rock. I was a skeleton. The rest was history. I mean, the first record that I recorded was with this DJ called Frankie Cutlass, you know what I'm saying?  I put like 32 balls on that track. That was probably the first record I did at D&D with Frankie Cutlass and the Tony Touch was not too long after that.  Probably, I would have probably been in the 80s. Rad, Kane, Rob, you know, run DMC. I wanted to be able to have as much influence as them, you know, when Rock Kim did Fava Bolida and you've seen the video, I wanted to say one day well, y'all want to have influence like that. Well, as with anything, I feel like, you know, drills are very important. You know what I'm saying?  When it comes to music, if you're a producer, you make beats, then you have to learn how to produce. You can't just have a drum machine and then call yourself a producer.  You got to be able to take an artist like me as a producer.  And I spit the rum and then, you know, leave the studio. Then I come back. The whole record is done. That's a producer to me.  All of the prerequisite training, you would have to went through those things. You got to be around in the industry. You know what I mean?  And you got to go through the training. You know what I'm saying? You got to go through the drills. And that, you know, the determination and the commitment that you show in your drills is going to manifest later on. And, you know, if it's a career that you're aiming for, then that will manifest as a career starting from the drills. For the people that have been following the kid for, you know, 12 years, beats from the East started with like 50 bars.  Then the first album came out. You know what I'm saying? Then the second album came out. 2000 BC, there was 100 bars on there. Roughly 10 years later, about nine years later, I did a thousand bars. You know, now I'm working on 10,000 bars. I work at the, you know, I tell MCs, I tell them sometimes when they ask how I do this best or, you know, we want to come up with what we do or I just see them, I see they so looking at me, asking me what's next. I say catalog. I think catalog is important because you might not blow on your first album. You know, you might not gain the recognition that you're looking for in your first record. But if you make a catalog and you have six, seven, eight albums, then you might blow on that fifth or sixth album so then everybody got to go check. You know what I'm saying? The albums that came out prior. So I think catalog is very important because no one really is in complete control of when they got the most exposure and when they be able to touch the most people. But once you have a catalog, you don't have to think about that no more. So the work ethic is all about the catalog and the farce catalog I think. Last time I checked it was like 3,500 songs that's out, that's released. You know what I'm saying? That I've had out. So 3,500 songs that are more songs than pop. You know, I love pop. You know what I'm saying? I don't even know MC that's out, that's done more music that's been out. So the work ethic is, the work ethic is mountain lion style. People evolve in every day. Technology is evolving, stepping up. It's constantly revisions and new versions of what was out yesterday. So yeah, I give you a definitely thumbs up to that. Positive. I definitely had to grow with the times. You know what I mean? And I'm thankful for the people that come out to the shows. They're not just fans, they're fans.  So naturally, you know, I would look at that. Like that's something that, there's no, there's no marketing plan or anything like that that could give you that. That's something that comes from the heart. So, you know, I give them 100 every time. I don't matter if you're in Idaho or you're in a village in China or you're in a third world country somewhere barefoot. You know, it doesn't matter where you're at because of the standard of technology that's available now, you know? So I would just once again reiterate, you know, it might sound rhetorical, but that's where it's at. I'll reiterate catalog, you know, just make your catalog and continue to record regardless of what you're facing and, you know, emotion manifest thoughts, manifest actions, manifest words, manifest reality.  Catalog is very important.