I'm not expecting, you know, the greatest character writing I've ever seen. Are you actually actually saying that? Hi everyone, welcome back to my channel. I hope you are well. Some of you may know that I'm in a bit of a different location.  So I'm at Tom's house, my boyfriend, and since we are in isolation in the UK I've started to come and live here while we're in isolation and so all of my videos will be filmed here. So if you saw my last video you might have seen that I kind of didn't read for about two weeks. Partly just because I was busy, partly because I just went through a bit of a slump, and partly because I'm finding it a bit difficult to read with all the anxiety I've got surrounding the state of the world at the moment. I have good days and bad days, do you know what I mean? I have days where I don't feel anxious about it, you know, that much of a tool I managed to kind of take my mind off it and have days where it's all I think about. What I really want to do this week, because I try to always have a theme and I thought, you know, what can get me back into reading, what can get me feeling accomplished, and I thought what I really want more than anything is just to read some kind of light easy YA right now. I just feel like it's the perfect time for it. Any kind of big book, serious book that's just feeling a bit too intimidating right now and I think I just need some easy stuff that I can dip in out of when I'm not playing Animal Crossing and a bit of a self-care vlog, you know, looking after ourselves in isolation. First we've got Turtles All the Way Down by John Green. So I've read all of John Green's other books and I really enjoyed them. I think John Green is a great writer. I think he's a much better writer than he gets credit for. I remember in The Fault in Our Stars, I loved all the kind of religious imagery and God imagery he built in. You know, there's books of his that aren't my favorite, you know, there's some that we can all agree aren't the best. I don't know much about this. I just remember Ariel, Ariel Bissette talking about this so much and I listened to a lot of her recommendations. I really like the kind of more, well this isn't obscure but I like a lot of the obscure recommendations she gives as well. And so I just thought, you know, if I've read all of John Green's other books, I might as well read this. It's so short. It's less than 300 pages. It's only 280 pages. I just like this is exactly what I need to read right now. I say something about a girl like trying to track down a billionaire who's on the run. So I'm quite excited. I feel like it sounds like quite different plot some of his other books and I think a lot of people whose opinions I trust who have read all his other books and I've read this that they prefer this one. So no, I don't want to do that. That's rude. Then the second book I'm going to be reading, I don't have a physical version, I'm going to be reading on ebook. And that is Bitter Kingdom by Ray Carlson. So for those of you that don't know, I've been hosting, go hosting a read-along for this series and this is the final book in the original Girls of Fire, girls? Girl of Fire and Falls series. This is going to be on my channel. So I want to make sure that I kind of take notes. This is going to be so bad. Okay. If you wanted to read this series, it's so good. They've all been really high four stars to me. And I don't know, I feel like maybe this last one, if it hits out the part, could be a five star. I think it's got great world building this series, really great protagonist, great complex cast of characters. It's just a great piece of fantasy series. So I'm very excited to read that. And I have literally read all the past two like in a day, like you can read them so fast. They're not even short, but there's something about the pacing in them and just the way the plot goes that means you read it so, so, so fast. So I'm very excited to read that. And then the final book, which I'm going to be reading, is Watch Us Rise by Renee Watson and Ellen Hagen. So I heard Kayla from Mix and Lala talk about this, and I think she quite enjoyed it. I did a project for one of my modules at university where I looked at the representation of black protagonists, young black protagonists on YA books, particularly where, more not particularly where, where the US and UK covers were different and comparing why they were different. And this was one of the books that I kind of studied in that. And it just made me super interested in the book. A lot of those books turn out to be ones that I put on my TBR. I'm very excited. I'm very excited to pick this up. So excited. Keras actually said this to me who I've been meaning to speak about Keras on my channel for the longest time. I've been a bit behind on uploading and so I just, it just hasn't worked out yet. But guys, you need to go subscribe to Keras. Not only is she like the sweetest person on BookTube, she's always there to help. She's just so, so kind. But she puts out great content as well. I love watching her videos. And she's almost at 1,000 subscribers when I'm filming this. She may hit it before I upload. I'm uploading in like a week. If you haven't subscribed to her, you should definitely go do that. I'm going to leave her link down below. But she very kindly sent me this. I think for hitting 2K, yeah, she said it to me for hitting 2K. And she said she loved it. So if Keras loved it, then I feel pretty good. I think this is about two girls who start to run an activist group at their school or something like that. And so I think that will just be a really interesting topic to read about. And so yeah, I'm very excited to pick this up. So I just feel, and the whole point of this video is just to feel no stress going into the week. Not to feel like reading is a bit of a burden, but saying, Megan, you can get through these books so fast. Because this is a self-care video, we're making brownies. Made some brownies. As we've seen in this vlog, 150 of turtles all the way down. And I don't know how I feel about it. So I know in YA, characters are often aged up a bit. The character seems so much older when you're younger reading it because this target demographic is probably like a 13 year old, right? 12, 13 year old is probably the target demographic for this book. But I just can't see these characters as 16. I'm having a lot of trouble believing that they're as old as they are. To me, they act like 13 year olds. And so I guess that's to make it a bit more accessible and reliable for the target audience. But for me, I'm like, yo, it makes certain aspects when they're getting into relationships and stuff unbelievable. And obviously I was like 13 when I read all of John Green's other books. And to me, the character seems so old. But now if I reread them, which I'm not going to do, I do own them all still. But I'm wondering if now if I reread them, would I see them as quite young? Because I just can't get past it. And to me, I think the plot that was sold to me is like trying to track down this billionaire. And then that, you know, I thought it was going to be a bit of mystery, a bit detective, you know, then trying to find clues. That hasn't really happened. It's just been a segue for her to get to know his son who she used to be friends with. And that's kind of disappointing. Like I wanted something a bit different from this. And it just feels like any old kind of like romance. The characters for me though the biggest thing that I'm struggling to get past. Okay, so you know when you watch a Disney channel original movie, right? We all know we've all watched them in our time. Think of not a good Disney channel original movie like Heist of Musical. Think of like an obscure one where the characters just seem so stereotypical, so over the top, so surface level, apart from the protagonist that you never really get to know them. That's what this feels like. Our protagonist feels very in depth. I feel like I really know her. It deals a lot with mental health and I think it's mental health rep is really good, which I'll get into in a sec. But all the other characters just seem like caricatures. And not necessarily like a big way, but they have one defining characteristic or a hobby or something like that. And you never get past that. And so that means I'm struggling to get into it. I mean, I recognize this as a YA book and quite a young YA book at that. I'm not even expecting, you know, the greatest character writing I've ever seen. Are you actually actually saying that? But it is hindering my reading of the book. But this deals a lot with someone who has kind of what I would say is health anxiety. It's never said in those in those terms. But she the protagonist is constantly convinced that there is something inside her which is going to cause her to die. And as someone who struggled with health anxiety a lot last year, and I had to go like to counseling for it and stuff, I would say it's a really good representation of health anxiety and how you find little symptoms to convince yourself that there is like a big problem going on and how you research certain illnesses. And so you become convinced that you're going to have it and stuff like that. I think it does a really good job of that. And I think that that's a great thing for us to have in YA, particularly for young individuals, because I mean, obviously it hasn't been spelled out as health anxiety. But before I experienced that myself, I never knew that was a thing like I never knew you could have an anxiety that really focused on convincing yourself you were dying of X illness. And so I think it's a great thing that people, loads of young adults, young people, teenagers, kids will read this and become aware of something and maybe be able to spot the signs of it in themselves as they ever experience it because I literally did not notice a thing. And so seeing it in a form of media I think is great. And I think it's done really well and I think John Green has really done his research. So I have mixed feelings about this. I think at the moment I would give it a three because there are positives, there are negatives. I just finished Turtles All the Way Down by John Green. I'm giving it 2.5 stars. So I've rated it 200 reads. I'm trying to accept that that's okay. Because here's the thing. I don't think this is a bad book. Now I want to point that out. Just like a lot of what I spoke about in the first clip where I spoke to you about this, just let it down for me. I didn't think that it was particularly great characters. I really struggled to get along with any of the characters. The relationship just seemed so weird. The big climax of the book I kind of liked but then the ending of the book really tailed off and a lot of what I felt like we'd been waiting for didn't happen and so a lot of it felt like a waste of time. I was just forcing myself through it by the end of it and it's only 280 pages so I shouldn't have to force myself through it. I like John Green's writing. I like the way he forms sentences and I think what I really want from him to be honest is I want an adult book. I want to see him write adult fiction. I don't think that his type of YA fiction is necessary what we're looking for now and I think if he's going to write YA he needs to change it up a lot. He needs to change up what he's writing a lot because this just did not work for me. Christopher and Gemma are playing with a lemon in a sock. So I'm gonna start today Bitter Kingdom. This fantasy series by Ray Carson is just great and I'm so glad I've been doing all these live shows with Nicole and Simone and Ishii because otherwise I never would have read these books so actually I'm really excited to get into it and I know already it's gonna be at least a four star. Like I really don't think it'll be anything less than a four star considering how this series has been going so far for me. I thought because this is like a self-care vlog I thought I would film myself doing my skincare. My camera is really low on battery so I'm just hoping it holds out. So I have very sensitive and very dry skin so my skin goes red super easily. I don't think it's very red now no but it can go red very easily. So if it does, you know, don't blame me. I just washed my face using the Evercom Earthm rent cleansing gel, gentle cleansing gel. I'm just gonna use the Pixie Glotonic Hulk Classic. So I'm halfway through the Bitter Kingdom and I thought what was gonna happen was that the first two in the series were gonna be you know four strong fours and then this was gonna be a five and I'm just not feeling that strongly about it which is kind of making me sad. I thought it was gonna be obsessed and just love the ending to this series but I feel like it's almost like not a proper ending yet and I'm halfway through. I feel like it feels like a middle book. Then just always after toning my face because my skin can get a little bit red. You can see it's well not really the camera's making it look more red than it is. I'm just gonna spray some of the quarterly grape water just to soothe my face a little bit. I don't make myself ration it but I do make myself ration the beauty elixir because this is expensive. Two sprays only per day. That's all we're allowed. I feel like the language choices are a bit strange in it. Just something about the writing just feels a little bit off for me. I feel like I'm finding myself skimming parts of it. Now I'm using the Kiehl's 100 Plumping Retextrising Serum.  I think I probably went into this with too high expectations. The last two things I'm using are the Kiehl's multi-correcting serum and cream because it all came this one came in a pack to get that's why I'm using a lot of Kiehl's. The one thing I will say is though that this series is at least very consistent. Sometimes I read a series and there will be like one book that's a five star, one book that's a two star and you're like what? How is this even possible? This series feels like all very much on the same level. It feels all very much on a four star level which is still great. My camera did die. Here's the thing. We do a lot of travelling that's like in the nature of the, what am I looking for now? The landscape you know like the the geography of the place we're in that we do a lot of travelling but I'm like fed up. Like I'm just fed up. It feels to me just very similar to what we've already read but I'm still really enjoying it. I'm just playing on the negatives because I thought this was going to be a five star. It's still probably a four star. I'm still really enjoying it but I'm not enjoying it as much as I was really hoping I would. If you can see the mass that is this room behind me, just don't. Let's just not talk about it. This place is where I sit on members. Hashtag water dump. I finished The Bitter Kingdom last night and I think I'm going to give it four stars. Although it's maybe like a 3.75. I just didn't connect to it as much as the other books in the series. There was just something about the beginning where I felt like we were trying to create new conflicts rather than solving the old ones. I feel like the last book in a series should never be creating new big new issues. I don't know but in a way it wasn't but in a way it was. I can't explain it but just something about the plot of this book at the beginning didn't really work. For me I felt like it didn't feed into the bigger picture of the story and the resolution like I wanted it to. The last quarter I loved. The last quarter could have been like a five star. I loved the relationships that were built up that were strengthened that were introduced in this book. I love any new characters that we have and also the thing about this this series that I really admired was that like throughout it wasn't afraid to talk about sex right? It's a YA book but it wasn't afraid to talk about birth control. It wasn't afraid to talk about like lusting after someone and so we'd been building up a lot of tension between our protagonist and her love interest. I don't want to say who. I don't want to spoil anything but we've been building up a lot of tension and then when we finally get to the moment where we're gonna do it it's fade to black and like I get it's a YA book but we could have had a bit or something.  Like don't make that a big plot point and then not give me anything. You know and I'm not someone who usually cares about romance and books or sex scenes or whatever like I'm usually like not, I usually don't care. Like that's not a big part of the book for me but she'd made us so invested in that side of this character's relationship and then it's nothing. I was rooting for you! We were all rooting for you! How dare you learn something from this! So now today what I'm doing I'm just reading the whole day today because I can't be bothered to do anything else. I'm reading Watch Us Rise by Renee Watson and Ellen Hagan. I'm about 40 pages in I just started it while I was in bed this morning and I'm actually loving it. Like it's already when I wanted turtles all the way down to be and its tone. Like that kind of mature YA in terms of character relationships and stuff I'm already really enjoying it. So what I from what I can tell so far is that Renee Watson has written Jasmine's parts and Ellen Hagan has written Chelsea's parts and I'm already preferring Renee Watson's parts. I'm actually reading for a different video another one of her books right now and I think she's actually a wonderful writer. I want to read more of her stuff. Jasmine's parts just read better. They feel a bit more mature. Whereas Chelsea's parts feel a little bit like stereotypical YA in the way that it will say like uh or like um what are some of the things where it's in italics? Ew in italics. Do you know what I mean? Or gag in italics in response to something and I don't really like that. I'm about halfway through and this is a great book. This book is exactly what I wanted from this video. I feel like it's exactly what I read right now. I'm reading it so far. I love that it feels so joyful, it feels so hopeful but at the same time it's tackling these important issues of gender discrimination, racism, um fat phobia and and obviously they are just blanket terms you know all the different issues that come within racism all the different issues that come within gender. Do you know what I mean? It's tackling all of them and it's doing it in such a great way. So in this at their secondary school it's known for being quite um I guess progressive and they all have clubs after school which look at using maybe a typical school club and it always says for social justice like poetry for social justice or um the theatre for social justice or whatever that kind of thing uh but they both find that those clubs actually aren't serving that need so for chelsea who's in the poetry club they're studying just old white men from the 80th century poetry and uh jasmine in her theatre club she gets subject to like racial discrimination them telling her that she should play the sassy character goal and attitude and like saying that no one else in the class could do that as well as she could because she's the black girl if that makes sense so they decide to set up this women's rights club together and it's following them doing that following them coming up against hate in the school because of it you know people being resistant to them trying to make change and it's so good. There's just so many powerful topics being covered so well in this YA book this is what I wish YA was like you know I think it's doing it so well and the characters seem their age you know that was a really big issue for me in terms of all the way down how young they seem they seem like 13 or they should have been 16 whereas to me this is how I feel like 16 17 year olds act and think because I think when you're like 15 16 that is when you start to really become aware of the world and start to really want to fight back want to make change I feel like that's when it's strongest almost I'm really enjoying myself reading it so I'm gonna go carry on I finished what just rise and I love this book I just think it's a great YA book for you know so many people out there to read I think as a brilliant message I think it tackles all the issues it sets out to tackle so well I love it I love it and I read it so fast like this is one of the easiest reads I've had so far this year so again if you're looking for an easy read if you're if you've been put a bit of a slump I would definitely recommend this I think it's incredibly well written I think both the girls have such strong identities they both feel so fleshed out the world that they're living in their homes feel so vivid I just think it's a great little book and I don't know if I'm gonna give it five stars though I don't know because nothing there's nothing I can complain about I think it's brilliant I think everything is done great but like sometimes that five stars just that little little thing I might give it a 4.75 but then that's just like pointless at that point you might as well just give it a five star you know what hmm yeah I'm gonna give it five stars I'm gonna give it five stars I'm gonna give it five stars is it like my new favorite book although I'm giving it five stars no like that's fine but I think it's wonderful for what it is I think it's perfect flawless for what it is I don't think a YA book like this is necessarily ever gonna be one of my favorite books but like this is a special book that's it for this video I mean if you've ever thought of picking up turtles all the way down just pick up Watch Us Rise instead because this is better so much better um yeah this um like I felt kind of bad for a while giving this two stars I was like I feel kind of guilty about it but having read this I now don't because it should be to their standard like your character should no but yeah I feel you know happy that I read both of these and obviously The Bitter Kingdom I'm so excited to do my live show for that tonight it will be up on my channel like permanently if you ever want to go back and check it out and The Bitter Kingdom although I didn't love it as much as the other books in the series it's still a solid series and I can't wait to read An Empire of Dreams when it comes out I hope you enjoyed this video I hope it's given you some books to read you know if you're having a bit of a stressful time just go on Waterstones, Barnes & Noble whatever local bookstore doing you know clicking collection club the club it's great it's a great book well I'm so happy I read this great book um yeah and I hope you enjoyed this video I'll be back soon with another video you just can't get enough of me um I'll see you very soon bye


Now, I'm going to warn you guys, this is going to be a bit of a change of tact for what you've experienced for the most of the day. This is going to be quite an academic talk. So expect a lot of references, citations, going to make sure you're all taking notes, and I'm going to pass a quiz out at the end.  Okay, so let's get started. Oh, if the clicker wants to work. There we go. Right. Okay, so the talk's going to cover this idea of kind of evolutionary fitness or paleo fitness. The whole kind of paleo idea has become very, very popular within the lay press and the academic sphere over the last few years. I mean, everyone here has probably heard of the paleo diet. Hands up if you heard of the paleo diet. There we go. That's pretty much everyone. Okay. So it's got a lot more momentum. It's become a lot more popular. And something that's kind of rolled up in the whole idea of paleo diet has been this idea of paleo fitness as well. So the idea that we should be exercising in an evolutionary, evolutionarily congruent manner. And this has been becoming more and more popular in the lay press. We've got various books, move now crossfit, although I'm going to have to sort of pretend that if the clicker works, pretend I didn't say crossfit because apparently they're actually suing the NSCA at the moment.  So, but anyway, it's been very, very popular in terms of the lay press and the academic sphere recently. And there's been a number of review papers covering the idea that we should be exercising like our evolutionarily evolutionary ancestors. We should be exercising in a paleo evolutionary fitness type approach. And there's some justification for this. If the clicker wants to go, there we go. Right. And there's some justification for this. So if you've read any of the literature or you familiarize yourselves with the works of guys like Lauren Cordain, Rob Wolfe, you tend to see that the same few studies are trotted out over and over and over again to support the idea that hunter-gatherers evolutionary man was fit, robust, healthy, fast, strong, had good body composition, low body fat, good hip to waist ratio, so on and so forth. And you get given this very romantic picture of what hunter-gatherers looked like. Now what I wanted to do was actually go back into the literature and look at it with a bit more of a sober perspective, a bit more skepticism and see whether or not the whole body of literature actually supported this view. Because I didn't necessarily think that this was just all there was to see. These are only a few studies, so I wanted to go in and see whether or not the whole of the literature actually supported this viewpoint. So as I said, I think this is a bit of a romantic view. So let's just cover physical activity in general quickly. So we all know that physical activity is beneficial to our health and well-being, our fitness, and we know that physical activity, it protects against all-cause mortality and morbidity in a dose response type manner. So the more we're physically active, the more we see a reduction in our risk for all-cause mortality and different morbidities. But recently studies have started to question whether or not the volume of activity, i.e. how much we're active, actually provides the benefits that we think it does. And we've started to find that actually the intensity of effort involved in the activity, so how hard the exercise actually is, seems to provide a much more powerful benefit. So if we're exercising in a more intense manner, we tend to see significantly greater reductions in all-cause mortality and survival statistics. And this ties up actually as well with studies that show that physical fitness parameters seem to be even stronger predictors of all-cause mortality, health and well-being. So for example, VO2max is one of the strongest predictors of cardiac disease, morbidity and mortality as well. We tend to see that VO2max is higher in the obese yet metabolically healthier, healthy and lower in those who are normal weight but metabolically obese. Even strength and muscle mass are significant predictors of health and well-being and reduced all-cause mortality. So it seems to be that actually what's more important is the intensity of the activity. And this is what modern exercise physiology is starting to support. So what I wanted to do was actually take some of these concepts and go back and look at the literature regarding our evolutionary past and what our physical activity patterns were in that evolutionary past.


So you bought health insurance. Now what? You should receive a welcome packet from your insurance company, which will generally include a welcome letter, instructions for paying your premium and selecting a primary care provider and your insurance card. Keep this card with you at all times. You should create an account on your plan's website where you can find important information on your plan. If you haven't selected a primary care provider, do this right away. Check the list of doctors in your health plan's network found on their website. After you've chosen a primary care provider, set up your annual appointment for a wellness visit, a critical part of your routine care. Routine and preventive care catch health problems before they occur or in their early stages. Also, make appointments for preventive services such as vaccinations, mammograms and prostate exams when needed. These services are now free. Depending on your plan, visits to specialists may require a referral from your primary care provider. Always make sure these providers are in network. Here are some things you may want to bring to your wellness visit. Your ID and social security number, your insurance card and a list of questions for your doctor. If you have a new primary care provider, contact your former doctors and have your medical records transferred. If you see a specialist, it's a good idea to request that they share your medical records with your primary care provider. After your visit, you'll receive a receipt of your claim in the mail or online called an explanation of benefits or EOB. Your EOB will look something like this. It usually says, this is not a bill. It lists the services you received, how much your insurance paid and any payment you owe the provider. The provider will send you a bill for that amount. Your EOB will also have instructions for filing a grievance or appeal. If a provider is out of network, you may owe the entire balance of charges. You can call your provider to negotiate these charges or ask if you can set up a payment plan. In this section, your EOB shows your deductible and out-of-pocket limits for the year. Once you meet the limits, you'll no longer pay these costs. Most people don't pay a full deductible or reach the out-of-pocket maximum in a year unless they've been in the hospital, had an emergency or are under treatment outside of routine care. If you don't feel well, you should call your primary care provider for guidance on whether it's more appropriate to go to the ER, an urgent care center or make an appointment. The ER should only be used in a true emergency. If you buy insurance through the marketplace, you should purchase during open enrollment, usually at the end of the year. Even if you have a plan you like, you can always explore new options on healthcare.gov. If you don't have insurance, you may have to pay a penalty when you file your taxes. The Pennsylvania Insurance Department reviews changes in plan costs every year. Visit the department's website to see proposed rate changes for the next year and find out more about this process. Do you think you're ready? Let's review. Keep your insurance card with you. Choose a primary care provider. Understand which providers are in and out of network and whether you need a referral. Go to the appropriate places for care. Don't visit the ER for non-emergencies. Make preventative care appointments. Check your explanation of benefits to verify services and amounts you owe and to track your yearly costs. Pay your monthly premiums and check the marketplace during open enrollment. Always visit the insurance department website for more information, including annual proposed rate changes.


A few months ago, there was this politician leader who belongs to one of the parties from South India and he made a comment where he said that Sanatan Dharma is like a parasite and he compared it like COVID-19 or malaria or dengue that needs to be eradicated. I would understand that if it was just a vote bank politics, but it felt that somewhere he believed that that is what should be done. So I wanted to understand how does one reach that point where they're able to say something without realizing what they're saying. Firstly, I'd just like to suggest to him to correct himself. So there's a parasite, something called a parasite and there's something called a parasitoid. You know the difference?  No, okay. So a parasite is something that feeds off the body of the host and a parasitoid is something that feeds off the body of the host till it kills it and that's it. And I would tend to say that Sanatan Dharma is more parasitoid than a parasite. So that might be a suggestion to make to him and once he has understood that then we can take up the next conversation.  So he's not going to say that Sanatan Dharma is this amazing thing because the Christians won't vote for him if he does that in many of the areas of that state, the Christian population is now higher than the Sanatani population, the Hindu population. So it's also some sort of vote bank rhetoric. But if one wants to take a statement that face value, then the question that one has to ask him is why does he believe that the freedom afforded by Sanatana Dharma to each individual to take up their way to the truth is worse than a religion that puts fear into the individual. See in Europe it's much less of a problem now, but here in India it's a fear based religion. People are terrified. They cover down.  So he'll have to explain why he prefers the prison of religions to the freedom of Dharma. And if he's a communist, which most likely is also the case, then he'll have to explain if he's interested in the economic survival of his population because if you look at the state of West Bengal, which is a communist state, its economy has, it has self-destructed since independence. So there doesn't seem to be any logic to what he's saying and I don't think there's a lot of thought behind it and I doubt very much that he has explored Sanatani philosophy or Sanatani Agama to be able to pronounce on it. So my advice to him would be to take up the Bhagavad Gita and just read through it once. I doubt he's done that. And then he'll understand what freedom is and then perhaps he'll free himself from his misunderstanding of the situation. Maybe he should change it to parasitoid. I think I would suggest that to him. Namaskar.


FNN, The Tiger, Financial News Network, News Update. Good morning, everyone, Basel Chapman here for this Tiger Financial News Network 10 a.m. Market Update. We're looking at the Dow on this Tuesday the 9th of January, down 260 points. It's kind of like we were seeing yesterday with the Boeing news and the Dow was down sharply, but then the S&P and the Q start to move higher and higher and higher, dragged the Dow up sharply, gave a lot back overnight, but we'll see what happens by the end of the day. I suspect that we're looking at this particular pattern. I'll talk about it in my show coming up. The target conditions are that we are going to see a choppy market where the sudden swoop to the downside in a few days' time, and then we'll see whether or not we come back for a new buying. But in the meantime, the S&P has come back off the lows just a little bit. It is down 25 points at 4,738. It did not make a new recovery high yesterday, but that was definitely a fabulous move. It kept the 9-period moving average positive. QQQ, same thing. Very sharp move up yesterday, giving back some today down 216 at 40277, the IWM. It did have a rally yesterday. It wasn't so great, and today it's down 265 at 194. I'm watching this closely. Now, gold isn't going to be important because gold tried to rally. It gave back some of the rally, but it's still up 7 points, but it's just stuck, and that 9-period moving average flipped to negative, looking at the dollar tried to rally yesterday. It didn't do very much, and today it's up 5 ticks at 102.34. It just stuck at a higher level, but stuck nevertheless. TLT is going to be very important because the TLT is down 23 ticks at 97.01. It's right on the 200-period moving average, so this is going to be something to monitor over the next few days. I need to go to crude oil. Crude oil did have a nice balance earlier on. It's still up 95 cents at 7173, but basically it's just stuck in the lower range. This is a very important moment in the markets. I suspect that yesterday's big move up was part of what I've seen before. If you remember back in August 1st, the Dow made its high, and then over the next few days, it pulled back and then had sudden big spikes that did not take out that high, and then started to charate. But the difference is that the on-balance volume here has been running. I'll talk about it when we get back. Baselchaff and Tiger Creek issues are coming up. I hope you can say, check out my with Nicole Daney Newsletter.


In this problem, we have a 3 meters long steel shaft that we need in order to transmit 0.75 megawatts of power at 120 revolutions per minute. We have the material properties, we have that the tau max is equal to 45 megapascals, g of the steel is equal to 79.6 gigapascals and the density of the material is 7.8 times 10 to the power of positive 3 kilograms per meter square. So in the first case, we have to find what is the minimum radius of this shaft if it is solid. In the second case, we have to find the minimum radius if the shaft is hollow and we have the relationship that r1 should be equal to r2 divided by 2. And finally, we have to compare the weight for both designs. So we have to decide which one is better. So first of all, we don't know how much is the torque that we need to apply. So this is the first thing that we need to calculate. What is the torque? We already know that power is equal to the torque times the speed of rotation. So from this equation, we can calculate what is the torque t that we need to transmit. Then from this equation, we have that the torque is equal to power divided by speed of rotation. The power that we need to transmit is equal to 0.75 megawatts. So 10 to the power of 6 watts divided by the speed of rotation. But in this case, in order to be consistent with the units, this must be given in radians per second. So in this case, we have 120 revolutions per minute. We multiply times 2 pi in order to have radians and we divide by 16 in order to have seconds. And from here, we have that the total torque is equal to 59.7 kNm. Now we have all the information that we need in order to calculate what is the radius of the solid shaft. So question A, solid shaft. We have that this is the free body diagram. This is the shaft. So we are applying a torque here like this and the section is solid. So we need basically to calculate where is our SR of the shaft. So this radius will be given by the maximum shear stress. Because we already know that the maximum shear stress occurs at the maximum radius. So then we can use the torsion formula which says that the torque divided by the polar moment of inertia is equal to the stress divided by r. So in this case, we have here the maximum stress. Of course, we have here the maximum radius, which is the radius of the shaft. Then we can solve here. We need to know first what is the polar moment of inertia. So we have that the polar moment of inertia is equal to pi-halves times the radius to the power of 4. So if we substitute here in this formula, we have that the torque, which is equal to 59.7. Sorry, to the power of 3 divided by the polar moment of inertia pi-halves times rs to the power of 4 is equal to the maximum shear stress that is given in the statement of the problem. 45 to the power of 6 pascals divided by the radius of the shaft. So from this formula, we are going to obtain three different solutions. So we take, of course, the positive one and from here we solve. We find that the radius is equal to 0.0945 meters. So this is the minimum radius if the shaft is solid. Now we can solve the problem in the case that the shaft is hollow. So now we have that the cross section is different. We have here our inner radius and we have rs, which is the outer radius of the shaft, which is the one that we have to calculate. Then again, we can use the torsion formula. We have that the torque divided by the polar moment of inertia is equal to the shear stress divided by the radius. Once again, we have that the maximum shear stress is found at the maximum radius. So this is rs. But in this case, this formula remains the same but the polar moment of inertia is different. So we need to calculate what is the polar moment of inertia for this section. And we have that the polar moment of inertia is equal to pi over 2 divided by 2 times rs to the power of 4 minus r inner to the power of 4. Then now we need to have this equation only as a function of rs. So we can now use here the relationship which says that the inner radius is equal to the radius of the shaft divided by 2. So if we apply this relationship here, we have that this is equal to pi half rs square minus rs divided by 2. So this is to the power of 4 to the power of 4. And if we rearrange this equation and we calculate we have that this is equal to 1.473 r2 or rs to the power of 4. So we can now substitute here this result and this is the equation that we have. We have again that the torque is equal to 59.7 times 10 to the power of positive 3 divided by this 1.473 times rs to the power of 4. And this is equal to 45 times 10 to the power of 6 divided by rs. So now as we did before we can solve this equation for s. We take the positive result and rs is equal to 0.0966 meters. So this is the outer radius if the shaft is hollow. And of course from this equation we can easily obtain that the inner radius is equal to the outer one divided by 2. So this is equal to 0.0483 meters. And now we can do the comparison of both designs. So we have here comparison we can divide the weight of the hollow shaft by the weight of the solid one. So this is equal to the density rho times the volume and the volume is L times the area of the hollow shaft. Same here rho times L times area of the solid shaft. We have same density we have same length so this is basically a ratio of areas. So in the first case this is equal to pi rs in the hollow case minus our inner to the power of 2 divided by pi rs in the solid case to the power of 2. So finally we have that this is equal to then this is the final result. And from here we can see that the solid shaft is always heavier than the hollow one. And this is something that we could expect because if you look at the torsion formula we have that the maximum shear stress is equal to the torque times the radius the outer one divided by the polar moment of inertia. So for a given constant torque this is a function of r and this is a function of rs to the power of 4 minus the inner radius to the power of 4. So basically what we have here and of course the solid shaft is a limit case in which the inner radius is equal to 0. So we can see here that the larger this value of r the smaller needs to be the difference between rs and the inner radius. So we have that for a larger rs in order to have the same maximum shear stress we have that rs squared minus the inner radius squared this amount decreases. And of course if the area decreases the final weight of the structure also decreases. And from here we have the nice result that when the radius tends to infinity the weight of the structure is equal to 0.


Just to start us off, I'd like to begin by acknowledging the traditional owners of the lands on which we're meeting today and pay my respects to their elders, past, present and emerging. I'd like to just begin by stepping back and just giving sort of reiterating probably what you know fairly well, but I know we've got others attending to these sessions as well. The Australian Data Partnerships Programme, it sits under an overarching initiative under which a number of programs sit here in the ARDC and that initiative is called the National Data Assets Initiative. And it was designed to establish strategic partnerships across research communities and institutions. And what we're looking to do is develop a portfolio of national scale data assets that support leading edge research. And what we're looking for this is for this to lead to long live data assets that leverage existing research and administrative investment and ensure ongoing sustainability and stewardship. And the principles that we think about that sort of sit under this and underlie this initiative and what we're doing and why we're doing it is that we think about collections of data being national research infrastructure when or because they support leading edge research and they are national in scale. And for those of you who have projects under this program, you'll be very familiar with this because you had to address these other criteria for this program. Okay, so the Australian Data Partnerships Programme, as I said, it's one of five current programs sitting under the National Data Assets Initiative. And it's the largest program, maybe only on some counts, perhaps. We have a number of projects and it is our most broadly focused. So it was our most open program for which you could apply. And it aims to create or develop high quality data collections that support, as I said, leading edge research and a national scale because they have data from multiple organizations. Or they have data that's consumed by researchers, policymakers, NGOs. Or they have governance arrangements that sit over that data that include multiple organizations. And we're trying to support establishment and development of these data assets where the force of a competitive and uncoordinated research market's been impeding the emergence of those assets. So we're looking to step in and fill a gap and a need. Now, on that note, we might just pass over to our first presenter. I'm going to run the slides and just checking that I've covered everything. If our next, our first presenter could unmute and then we can get the slide ready. So you should be able to see so that we've got Professor Claire, magic, and she is talking about the link data asset for Australian health research and I'll hand over to Claire. Thanks very much Catherine and hello everyone. Yes, Linda is our Australian data partnership. Next slide please. Our project seeks to address a problem that is very dear to my heart. The problem is that there's no enduring national linked health data asset that is accessible by the research sector. And as a result, public funds are being wasted from duplicate researcher efforts to access data on a project by project basis. And these data access and approval processes are cumbersome, costly and inefficient, greatly reducing our research capacity. As a consequence, Australians aren't benefiting from timely and cost effective health research. Now whilst we have benefited from increased funding of the jurisdictional health data linkage units, Australia now lags behind contemporary countries like the UK, Canada and New Zealand who have national initiatives, enduring linked health health data assets and streamlined access for researchers. Next slide please. Our solution is the creation of a new enduring national linked health data asset at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare with researcher access by a secure remote analysis environment. We'll build automated data processing and curation pipelines for the data asset. This will reduce the impulse on data providers and facilitate the inclusion of up to date data. We'll also build a code sharing platform to facilitate and encourage collaboration and importantly reproducibility of outputs. Critically, we'll develop best practice governance arrangements for access and use by trusted researchers. Now we know several other initiatives are working on data governance and we will ensure that we will learn from and align with them. And last but not least, we will develop operational and licensing arrangements for the asset. These outcomes will be achieved through partnership, collaboration and consensus. The key partner is AHW through the leadership of Jeff Nidek and Nick von Sandham. Integral to the success of the project are our partners from the Commonwealth and jurisdictional governments, university and medical research institutes and consumer organisations. Vital steps in our work program include establishing the data custodian and research sector data use and access requirements. Next slide please. Our project will increase access to public sector data by Australian researchers. This will in turn increase the quality and timeliness of our research and surveillance, the practice and policy translation from that research and it will generate improved health outcomes. There will also be benefits for the public sector from streamline processes and automation, as well as significant economic gains from an enduring linked data asset and the process efficiencies. We believe that the partnership and co-design processes will increase trust between the public and research sectors. And finally, the project will increase the competitiveness of Australian researchers and the international investment in Australian health research. Thank you. Thank you Claire. Now Steve is up next. I should have said at the beginning that I did plan to ring a bell to keep us all to time and we have sort of, probably my fault got a little away from time so I will try and be on that. If you hear a bell just finish up what you're saying and we'll keep it moving. So Steve, Steve's the director of the Australian Data Archive and he's going to talk about Anne's lead. Okay, thank you very much, Catherine. So this is, yes, Anne's lead. We're trying to have the best way of pronouncing that. Let's say that it's Australian New Zealand leaders, elections and democracy data asset. So this is a collaboration between, I think we've got eight or nine institutions involved, universities around Australia and in New Zealand, along with the Australian Electoral Commission, looking at how do we do a work around integration and harmonisation of politics data assets. So next slide please. Okay, so in the political science we have a community who's a very heavy data users. They are willing to share, actively engaging and supporting use of secondary data assets and sharing their own data assets. Communities highly ready for and willing to work with shared research data and a number of established data assets covering broad range of scope and time and I'm going to sort of a quick highlight on the next slide. The challenge in the political science is these assets are not well integrated with each other. They are all referring to some relationship within the political system but the crossover between them and even those that focus on a particular type of population or a particular type of unit use bespoke processes, bespoke vocabularies and different types of identify systems and standards. So huge amounts of work goes on amongst each researcher to basically integrate the same thing over and over. So similar to what Claire was describing about repeating these processes, we have public data where this isn't being reproduced. So what we're looking at here, for example, the names of political parties or the identifiers of the electorates that we vote in vary from study to study and election to election so we don't repeat the use of these things over time. So that's fundamentally the problem we're trying to solve is can we harmonise and integrate and make available those sets of shared services and shared identifiers of vocabularies across the system. So next slide, please. So we're working on four broad areas and each of those has at least one or more data sources that are part of this project. So the voting public, we have periodic election studies, political elites. We're talking here about parliamentarians but also candidates. We have elections, the process through which the voting public elects voting elites. Political elites and we have electorates, the groups that they represent, both geographically and in population terms, and they're elected into parliaments. So we have these data sources and we know that they're talking about the same thing at the same point in time that what we don't have is an integration process for actually allowing these things to be readily connected to each other. Each of this is done by hand each time. Next slide, please. So that's the solution we're looking towards here is fundamentally an integration and harmonisation exercise with a shared, you know, a series of shared systems to allow us to do this. A common reference model for the, on the previous page. Shared vocabularies for this type of information based on authoritative sources. We have the Electoral Commission involved for election results. Similarly, the ABS for demographic information and census data and to publish some of these into Research Vocabularies Australia. So how do we partner with, you know, one of the partnership discussions we're having with ARDC is how do we make better use of Research Vocabularies Australia. A linked data model to allow the querying of the different collections oriented the unit of analysis of interest might be parliamentary members so I want to understand the topical, you know, even to the day is how long does a cabinet member survive in their role before they might be removed from the cabinet or from the parliament. Harmonisation of these datasets for long-term comparative research and these comparisons then extend potentially into the international domain. A lot of political scientists are interested in comparative political studies. Why does one system work in one country and not another? Shared storage through the ADA and related organisations and accessible methods based on open access and fair principles. And so the impact, as I say, we've touched upon three broad impacts but I say fundamentally a lot of the political dynamics that we see occurring, you know, both in Australia and internationally are some of the questions we're trying to answer here. So, you know, the relationship between economic deprivation and high immigration tends to reduce dissatisfaction with democracy, bringing together the sources, how to help us to understand the dynamics of those processes to one extent, you know, which are leading and lagging indicators, how do those interactions actually occur and, you know, what's the processes through which particular types of populism or, you know, far-right dissatisfaction emerge? What's the interaction between those elites, the members of parliament, those contesting parliament and their constituents? How does that interaction and the processes through which these organisations and these elites and individuals and voters emerge evolve and how do candidates respond to these situations? And thirdly, you know, does the design of the institutions that we use actually impact upon the types of democratic, you know, attitudes and the types of democracies that we get? So these are, you know, sort of across the jurisdictions here in Australia and eventually looking at sort of internationally into these sorts of questions to understand better the sorts of political dynamics we see emerging both in Australia and internationally. And that's it. Thanks, Steve. We'll hand over now to Elizabeth Wink from UNSW. Talk about Austrates. Is Elizabeth there? Sorry, I guess I could see you. I'll try that again. Sorry, I'm presenting on Austrates and National Database on the Traits of Australia's Complete Explorer and I'd like to start with a big thank you to the ARDC for funding us. We really appreciate their vision of co-investing and co-creating. Next slide. So simply put, the challenge is that there exists quality trait data for most of Australia's 26,000 plant species, but this data is scattered across countless journal articles, reference books, and floras. So functional traits are anything about a plant's form or function that you can measure anything from the maximum plant height, its capability of resprouting, seed shape, leaf size. And these functional traits tell us how the plants make a living. And our job now is to our challenge is to unify this data, standardize the trait names, bring it into common units, error check, and distribute. Next slide. We've started on this path for the past three years, building a skeletal AUS traits, and now we're going to expand upon it and improve data quality and distribute. So there's three ways in which we're going to expand data coverage. The first is by harvesting legacy data, transcribing those reference books, floras, journal articles, but at least import as important is inspiring the current research community to constantly submit their data to us, to make AUS traits the database where they want their data to be archived because they want to be part of it. And third, for a small number of traits to employ statistical gap filling to have near complete species coverage. One of the main ways we want to improve data quality is by formalizing trait vocabulary. So especially for categorical traits, researchers have a very diffuse set of terms they use. We know that a database like AUS traits is not static. It has to work for researchers. And so we've identified a number of researchers across Australia who will be constantly testing this database, seeing how it works for their research questions, and then we can iteratively improve upon it to make it ever better for the community we're serving. And finally, we already have a number of biodiversity portals, research partners that we're discussing with about the best way to distribute this data. AUS traits data needs to be freely available to everyone. University researchers, the government, the general public. Next slide. So simply put, the impact of AUS traits will be to have an accurate comprehensive database of plant trait data that will accelerate many research projects, make them more economical, and make it feasible to answer many broad scale questions about plant adaptations. For instance, if we know how a trait distribution shifts across the landscape, it is much easier to model a species response to climate change. Or following a disaster such as last year's bushfires. Knowing how every plant responds to fire will let people efficiently inform disaster response as well as make better informed long-term conservation strategies. And we also view this as a special opportunity to bring together plant researchers who work in just enough different fields that they might not be aware of the research one another is doing and what trait data each of them has. By bringing all of their data together into one database, it will be much easier to use. And finally, by having that data distributed, as I said, to everyone across Australia, across the world, we will inspire more people to be interested in Australia's plants. Thank you. Thank you. Chiara, she's going to be talking about Australian companion animal registry of Kansas. Yes, thank you very much. A carcinoma, as you said, is who we did. First Australian companion animal registry of Kansas. Next slide, please. Because as you know, cancer is a major public health and economic issue and it's burden set to spiral. In 2018, we had 80 million cases of cancer in humans and approximately 10 million cancer deaths. And cancer is also widespread disease in companion animals, with one in three dogs developing cancer during their lifetime and 15-30% of dogs dying by cancer. Now, complete cancer surveillance data are really important to make recommendations for cancer prevention and control to make appropriate conclusions about the burden of cancer and for designing analytical studies to identify association between exposure and cancer risk. And cancer incident data are best derived from cancer registries that have existed since 1940s in humans. But actually, veterinary cancer registries have been sporadic, short-lived and uncoordinated. So in Australia, we have an enormous gap in this space and I would say worldwide. So for example, in Australia, we are missing 1.6 million of cancer cases and cancer data in companion animals every year. Next slide, please. So our project wants to develop the first Australian-wide registry of animal cancers, a carcinome, to provide a sustainable, unified, integrated and accessible data asset on animal cancers in order to identify trends and patterns in animal cancers. Their geographic distributions have conducted study on cancer risk mapping and also linking the animal cancer data to the human cancer data. So we can do some comparative oncology studies. This project is possible only through the inter-institutional collaborations with other, with the major veterinary schools across Australia, two of the most important veterinary pathology labs, Rebos and IDEX, and the partnership with the Australian Cancer Atlas based at the Queensland University of Technology. Next slide, please. The impact of this project is actually threefold. So a carcinome will allow the development of a state-of-the-art season support platform to guide best practice in animal cancer care. And it would be a sustainable, integrated data asset to perform comparative oncology studies by enabling linking with existing human cancer registries. I don't know if you're aware, but companion animals are also sentinels or indicators of certain human cancer environmental origin. So a carcinome may help in identifying cancer hotspots and uncover associated predisposing environmental risk factors for cancers in both spaces. So you can better understand the impact of this project if taking a look at the breadth of different stakeholders. From veterinary clinicians to cancer research from the human and veterinary side, cancer organisations, policy makers in government who make and the broad community. Thank you very much. Now to Tom Walsh from Tharo. Thanks, Catherine. Yeah, so our title was a bit of a mouthful. The Australian invasive and pest species genome partnership and we're sort of wrestling with a couple of other names to make it a little bit more catchy, Oz pest being my current favourite. I have a bit of animation in here too, unfortunately. So Australia's need, I guess, is to protect our environment, productivity and health from pests. And this is everything across mosquitoes, which are potentially vectors for Borrelia ulcers down in Melbourne, bit of a problem at the moment. Agricultural pests to things like crown of thorns. And a key challenge for Australia is managing the impacts of these pests and weeds and diseases and how they may inflict, or the problems they inflict on our economy, environment, health and way of life. And this isn't just exotic and unwanted plant pests. There are various lists of various things to be aware of that exist across government. And there's a lot of money at stake if we fail to control things. Many of the current control measures involve pesticides or other fairly disruptive approaches. And the future of control and management of these pest species is often requires a genome. So if we want to understand how populations are moving, if we want to look for negative genotypes, things like resistance to pesticides, and some of them, the newer genetic control approaches that are being proposed for things like mosquitoes and fruit flies, which really do require a genome. You have to have one of those before you start hanging around in this space. But there are significant barriers to entry for researchers and also for funders. It's often been regarded as expensive and difficult to do a genome. We've done several in the past at CSIRO and with our partners. And so we have the experience there ready to go. But it's been increasingly recognized across various conservation organizations, management authorities, the RDCs and various federal agencies that being able to understand these pests in more detail through the genome is the future of control and management. Next slide, please. So the solution is locally focused, high quality genome reference data assets. And so what we mean by locally focused is often there may be something out there on some of the big international databases, but it may not be completely relevant to the Australian situation. For example, we think of feral rabbits. The rabbit genome is actually based on a domestic rabbit from Europe. It probably doesn't reflect very well that, you know, the feral beasts we have out in the fields in Australia. And particularly if we were going down to some sort of gene drive, genetic control type approach, we really need to understand what we're dealing with out in the field in terms of, you know, the variability and population structure and movement. So our path to impact, where there is an asset, we will make that available and usable. Where there is no genome or asset, we'll assemble and annotate the genome. The genome where there's an inappropriate genome will create an Australian version and where the genome is maybe poor will improve it. And that will lead through to a set of tools, set of reference data assets and data storage and availability, taking advantage of Syro's sort of deep computing resources that people can then go and use at a relatively low bar to entry. Next slide, please. So our aim really and our impact is there'll be an asset, but what we really want to do is catalyze the research and the applications and reduce that barrier of entry for omics, democratize the use and access to the reference data, and really stimulate research and applications.  Next slide, please. And the aim is to bring a whole variety of different things into that, into scope, you know, by having this layer of DNA. And we have experience of this within our own projects, but we're really looking to be the place that starts off some of these things. And obviously we want to motivate the funding agencies to think about this and to generate more of these assets. And we think this is already working. Next click. So the GRDC, the Grains Research and Development Corporation, is already funding projects with other researchers on the basis of genomes that will help to produce through the GRDC project. Next click. The Great Barrow Reef Marine Park Authority, we're also talking to them about things like crown of thorns, you know, being able to control that marine species out in the ocean without going through and individually stabbing each one with some sort of poison is actually very difficult. And so they're looking for a different approach. Next one, please. We've been able to convince people that there is actually something here and they should invest in it internally as well. And that's it. Thank you. Thank you so much, Tom. And our final presenter today is Alan Mark from the University of Queensland. Thank you, Alan. Hi, my slides are now when you're as beautiful as some of the others. So our project is about trying to consolidate and essentially reuse computational data, which is being generated all across the country. If I can have the next slide. So basically, whether I'm doing drug design or material design, increasingly diseases become dependent upon high-level calculations. Some of these are quantum mechanical calculations. Other calculations involve actually simulating the motions of the molecules. Now, these represent an enormous amount of resource, literally hundreds of millions of hours on the national supercomputer computers. And a lot of these calculations are being repeated. So many individual groups will be running the same molecules over and over again because the data is not being stored in a consistent manner. And many of these are deterministic, which means that it should really not matter what code or how the calculations are performed. So basically our aim is to centralise and organise and share both new and existing computational data, and in particular to be able to make this easily accessible and so data generated by multiple groups at different levels of theory can be at least visualised together. Also as a way of understanding the limits of the methodology. So if you go to the next slide. So what we're doing is that we're actually building on two existing platforms. These were originally developed in my group, but a number of groups already feed into them. And so we actually have calculated data in around about half a million compounds. And our current site has about 3,000 or 13,800, actually it's over 13,900 as of today. It is growing quite rapidly at the moment. Now that's only a tiny, tiny fraction of the molecules which are particularly of interest. So there's around about 13 million compounds which are available for you, say, in drink science research. As part of this project, there's a number of other databases around the country which store similar related information that they tend to be we have uniform information over a large number of compounds. Other places do multi-level calculations on a smaller number of compounds and bringing these together is going to increase the overall value of it. We also, in the same in terms of simulations, there's literally thousands of terabytes of data which is spread across the country of simulations where there is no way at the moment that either the people can identify them in terms of, say, document identifiers or even to be able to obtain these without writing to the individual researchers and requesting it. And so the main thing, the other thing that we're very interested in doing is that we have a constant storage versus regeneration cost. Some of these calculations can be easily reproduced. Other ones can't. As time goes on and computer power increases, we need ways to automatically curate this data so we only store what's required in order for it to be regenerated if, in fact, with increases in speed, it becomes more effective to regenerate than to actually store. I might say, too, that some of these calculations run for six months or 12 months on the national supercomputers.  If we have the next slide, please. So a lot of what we'll be doing is trying to validate and facilitate the development of methodology. A lot of these calculations are used as black boxes. We don't really know whether different approaches to perform the same calculations give equivalent answers over large numbers of molecules. They're central to the interpretation experimental data. And also, because many of these are repeated, that if we actually provide intermediate results, then people can use this as a springboard for their future research and stop a degree of duplication. So basically what we'd like to be able to do as well is that for these calculations to be done once, to be done at a high level, and that this is then available for everyone to use. The major benefits is, in part, to accelerate computational drug design. That's why we went into it ourselves. What many of you may not be aware of is that in many cases, we don't even know the form of the compound, which is actually active. Say, in the case of warfarin, there are 40 different forms, interchanging forms of warfarin in a person's bloodstream. And we don't know which of those forms are actually active. And furthermore, the ones that people base their design on may be completely irrelevant to the actual function. And this is one of the reasons why computational drug design, and you can see it in the current pandemic, has not progressed as rapidly as one would expect. Finally, I'll just say that the ATV, which is one of our databases, is already one of the largest of its type in the world. It's already used for machine learning and data mining. And consolidating across Australia will not only give us the first bite of this data, but also that we're actually attracting data from overseas to actually make, hopefully, Australia a place where people will come to test resources by actually giving us the data in order to get it into our databases. Thank you. Thanks, Alan. And thank you, everyone, who's presented today, and that brings us to the end of our presentations.