Before I sit down and turn my back to you What we're going to do now is have not quite a Greek chorus But a little bit of a sounding board reality check because we've got three people here who've had huge experience and still have huge experience in Development in the development industry if I can use that word To still acting as ambassadors and one who is now closer to the policy world But has also been a practitioner so what they're going to be doing is looking at some of the stuff That's been said so far through their lens, and I also will be coming to a couple of people in the front row To get some of their stories that are Related and also ask you all to take part so this will start out with a bit of a Three-way interview and then develop into a sort of controlled free-for-all. I hope Controlled okay, Karin if I could start with you So so well love let me say that I'm I'm really impressed by what we have heard and I think this kind of Independent research is extremely important for donors to listen to because donors have a tendency sometimes to Formulate both the question and the answer because they know a lot But by putting The the role of formulating the questions and maybe not providing the answers but evidence And I think this is extremely important. So this is one media message to donors and and The second one on donor and I'm talking now as an old Hand at CDI was working for Cedar for 30 years before joining the Nordic Africa Institute Is that it's not one donor there are very many donors in one country So at the country level, it's not just about what one donor can do It's about what can donors do together with the government and with private sector with civil society There are so many actors and we have to realize this not to forget Academia because academia is also extremely important and the cooperation between academia I have come to to realize is maybe it provides this evidence-based Information which we need and I think also working together in my case then with researchers in Africa is extremely important Working with the bank working with other research institutes in Africa Helps us to formulate the right questions and hopefully inform also donors, but donors must take time to Inform themselves, okay I just want to put you on the hot seat as opposed to just the speaking seat for a moment because you mentioned the fact that there are So many actors and let's just focus now on jobs and you folk you mentioned that donors often ask the questions But provide their own answers and that there are so many of them and God years ago. I was working on something with the whole Paris getting everybody on the same page Which still is not quite a reality So how much can you use results like we're hearing today to actually get donors? To kind of work if not always in tandem, but at least going in the same direction well First of all by sharing the information between themselves, but also by sharing information with a donor I mean the recipient governments I think this is extremely important not to sit here But to be there and to discuss and be informed by the research and as I said to share it I think this is extremely important Morton you're there. I mean you're here now, but you're usually in Bolivia Yeah, no, I agree very much with Karen and I also think we should Get on the same page. Maybe we should get on the John page You've been practicing No, I I Think that we I we should definitely understand where we are we should definitely Have very very close dialogue with the partners We should also I realized that At times what it's also important is that the governments that we're working with also have access to to knowledge Sometimes ideology also plays in We also know economists often do not really agree on everything What we're trying to work on of course and what with what the research also is trying to do of course is to try and find Find the evidence which is the facts and come up with you know well documented recommendations But we work we should work with many different Partners we work with government. We should also work with the private sector. We should also work with the civil society And I think we we try to do that, but we should You know where we are. Yeah, but coming back to that vote The percentage of the people in this room who actually think That age should go through the private sector was quite a bit smaller than those who think you should work through governments or NGOs What's no because you've in discussions. We've had you pointed out that often, you know, that is a Relationship that's difficult to build because there's distrust on all sides and it's kind of key to actually get it moving forward in the right way How do you do that? Well, I mean if we take Bolivia We we had the Evo Morales coming into government with the social movements basically a whole new set of people Compared to the old elite to the old formal sector and always there's a great deal of lack of confidence in the old elite The old elite is much better educated It also means that you are bringing in people into government with a lot less education a lot less experience a lot less Exposure to to also research and the world as such so in such a Situation of course you you have to you have to try and dialogue I mean that you have to just try and engage even though at times you you don't really Find that what is What what the policy they're making used you think it you might think it's wrong But even so I think it's important for us to engage is it does it actually work better because he was talking a little earlier about The I mean this is a very small scale. I know but the Bolivian knitwear Cooperative I'm not sure what we'd call it but where you can actually show because you can understand why there's some Skepticism towards the private sector and the old model amongst those who are now in government in Bolivia They've been excluded for so long But is one way to actually get them more on board to show them projects, which actually function I think in Bolivia the it was very difficult to work on the on sort of the business environment to get the Confidence with the old formal sector so the investment level is very low and private index Investment level is very low in Bolivia what you register in the formal sector It's less than 10% of GDP in a situation where you have growth rates of four to six percent So it's extremely low the investment rate, but probably the government's focus is more on the informal economy So I'm sure if you did some research on the informal economy That's sort of the the sense you get when you walk around is that the informal economy is really growing so you have the whole ocean which are not measuring that might be growing and where People are getting getting better off. We see it Bolivia in contrast to Africa You have seen a significant fall in in the poverty rate Extreme poverty have fallen, you know within a very few a little time period five ten years, maybe ten percent percentage points So I think so that's an indication that the government is focusing on the informal economy Even though it's anti neoliberal it's actually focusing on the economy which is informal Which is I guess completely neoliberal because there's no government regulation So it's also so I invite you also come to Bolivia and study this these paradoxes Okay, and I think we'll get into it. We've got definitely some some comments coming later on on this But Johnny not just through Tanzania and eyes, but also Mozambique because you spent a lot of time in Africa What's your take so far on the day? Well first of all, I think this is extremely useful and I like to say thank you I mean, this is this is very good when we put employment and youth on top of our Africa strategy in 2006 It was to engage people like this to try to focus on these issues and I think it's been a Mean a little bit slow in coming, but now it's coming and it's giving us guidance and these kinds of discussions are extremely useful I had a chance to work very closely with with these and with with fins up in Mozambique to give me almost daily guidance And it is necessary to have this kind of knowledge when we take Tough decisions sometimes decisions that are means a lot to a lot of people's lives. So On on that one. Yes. Okay, then how to apply it and what we do Is it's maybe a more difficult one? Okay, I don't stop because what you're gonna need to do is give us good warning of which picture you want to see When you want to see pictures just warning you so sorry to interrupt you full flow But go ahead more difficult decide what to do. Yeah, but first of all, I think that's one thing that isn't difficult and show some nurses Okay, see the nurses picture, please There is still a very large part of the jobs that aid is going to finance that will be in the public sector And I don't see the nurses picture come out there. They are you can take the box of us out of there Okay, so the nurses why are they important because there is no way that you can text finance What this cost? from a $500 per capita country When you need at least $60 for health per capita and at least $60 for education per capita and you are at 500 Then you can text your population 25% and pay for these two things only and then there'll be nothing left So we will still have to do something in that of course We need to have private sector coming on to bring up on growth and things, but for some times these jobs are very important and There are comparisons to the sort of Scandinavian model I was lucky enough to get from the structural change work that Justin Lee is doing Sam. Don't help me get some of the figures so what is Tanzania in terms of income level in Denmark. It's the early 1800s We had no tax finance social sector in Denmark We had a guy called comfy starting to run around and think about educating our people So financing this from taxes is very very difficult from this income level So there's this part of the job still have to be there. So not forgetting There's a long way to the Millennium Development goal is basically for some countries Then I'd like to see maybe some beekeepers Okay, can I see the beekeeper picture, please and I think there's a graph to it. We have yes There we go now. Yeah. Yeah, these people are beekeepers and they they know I'm a from a long family of Of beekeepers in Denmark. So they let me taste their honey. It's very good The the point here is that this is the kind of job to see the next picture So being an ambassador is not all hard work You can also eat honey But when these people are there and they are in the poor jobs so to say so they They have a forest and actually that in that I need a project in the beginning was just to ask them not to chop it All down to charcoal and all that so how to invest in in some other income-generating activities And they have been hugely successful in 13 forest areas in Tanzania In producing honey. So you have 40 people Producing 250 liters of honey with very little input like hundred thousand dollars for 13 forests Now they produce 250 liters of honey and it's $10 per liter just down the corner That's a huge impact on their daily lives and you can employ much more people in that that's productivity increase in Traditional family agriculture Okay, we'll get to the other bits a little later I want to come back to Karen because the informal economy has been mentioned a number of times and Karen One of the things that you had pointed out to me is that too often governments actually do not support the informal economy They actually hassle them. Can you? Elaborate on that a little bit. Well, yeah, I think I mean when we are talking about let's start with the private sector We think about private sector as if it were wage employment you go to an office You do this you do that you go home in the evening But private sector the major or the larger private sector at least in Africa is Agriculture and the informal sector you are your own Entrepreneurs so to say we have heard that and the issue is also as we heard to get them Maybe sometimes out of jobs, but also to increase productivity And I think the example Johnny was given here by the the honey is a very good example of agriculture and I'm referring to There are many reports on Africa this year focusing on employment the development Bank Africa Development Bank has one another one was published by the Economic Commission for Africa together with the African Union in Addis and They are also putting maybe not in the same But the same issues is on their agenda as John here said but they put agriculture on top Maybe the first one you put there was more a means. How do you how do you manage your natural resource income? But agriculture is extremely important to increase productivity not just for employment purposes but also for food security and environmental purposes, I mean we know that Africa will be hardly hit by by climate change so and Africa is already Starting to move into Areas which are very very vulnerable from an agricultural point of view, but we also know that there is a demographic Factor Africa's population will double in 40 years. They need food. So This is about the informal sector the informal sector is Producing things for the consumers and those who are employed they can also consume So I think we have to look at these two factors you know in a more coexistence between consumer and Producer and the informal sector has so far been the major sort of binding Links between these but I productivity needs to increase so we need to invest and create Better conditions not hassle those who are street vendors one day I mean take a woman for example. She's producing Tomatoes she's an agriculture in that sense then the next day she goes selling her tomatoes in the street But in many cases she's being hate You know chased away from the street because police doesn't want to see these kind of people in the street Particularly when you have World Cup in football or any other things going on Then they you know send them out of the city Okay, if I could just go back to Gary fields for a moment because Gary you have another story. We didn't tell earlier of Masa B. C. I'm sorry if I'm misprint. Yeah Now she was actually trying to make a living selling stuff on the street and got stopped. So what was her story? craft vendor in Durban, South Africa she rented a An Oceanside stall from somebody that had a permit to do that and the police came one day and asked for her identification card which she produced and The license which she produced but they weren't in the same name. So they said you have to leave but within 24 hours or we're gonna confiscate confiscate everything you have and so I was at a policy briefing not too long later and The officials that were responsible for these things were there. They they said they were trying to protect People like us. They said pointing to the Westerners in the audience Against people like them pointing to the Africans in the audience and I just couldn't take that and I said, you know, these people are trying to earn a livelihood and How are they gonna earn a livelihood if you don't allow them to sell to sell things? and it's it's precisely from looking at this problem as Poor people are trying to earn a livelihood They need to do some kind of work and what is the point of trying to stop them from doing this kind of thing? I think your story is right on Okay that this doesn't actually come into One of the issues because later on we've got we've got some people in the front row from the labor movement here and the Federation of small and and medium-sized Danish Enterprises and they've got just some interesting stories to tell and and also eye-opener's if for those of you who think that labor and Business don't get along But I'll come to you guys later first of all Morton I mean, how does this play into what you're seeing not just in Bolivia because your experience in Africa is pretty huge too Well, I'd like to say something. Yeah, okay Just in in in in Bolivia you find the agriculture the productivity and agriculture very low It's actually a half of what you see in the neighboring countries. So obviously there you have, you know an opportunity We're working with with the Minister of Agriculture to try and Design interventions that will help the small-scale farmers like the beekeepers like the quinoa farmers in Bolivia Who are living in the Alti plano and and are the poorest of the the poor in the countryside very harsh conditions They only have their Yama and they have their quinoa Of course the quinoa is is is very healthy. Everybody wants to buy it. So the demand has gone up The prices have gone up so we've been together with the Ministry of Agriculture trying to work with the actors on the ground in the in the farming areas getting their associations together Helping them getting the certificate to export organically helping them Looking into the problem of of credit so that which would allow them to stall their crops for a few months So that they could take advantage of a higher price So I think the it this this this type of infant intervention takes time often You find that the beekeeper women, you know You help them solve one problem together with the Ministry to where you also involve the the local Knowledge which exists in the area there will always be somebody who knows something about beekeeping who would be able to Who will be willing to say sell some of the services? But this often is a process which take a long time You don't just give them money for one-time investment because you need to have the access to the knowledge You need to have the access to the market. You need to have the access to the finance You need to know what are the requirements of the market you need to transport it so there are a lot of things that a small-scale business Needs to take care of before you can actually succeed and maybe you need to have this type of assistance Not just one time not just two years Maybe for a number of years before you sort of get on a plateau where you can take off and and your businesses Let's say sustainable. Okay, I'm Johnny one minute, but before I want to just take a step back for a moment and ebe Because so much of the economy around that in the developing world is informal. How difficult was it? both for donor countries, but also in your negotiations with recipient countries to actually focus on projects which work with the develop with with the informal sector was Was there a barrier? That had to be overcome in order to actually say look we have to be able to help these people because by helping them They will become part of the formal sector. I'm just curious if that was a Hurtle well, there was originally a barrier in Actually getting agreement on working with the private sector starts both the informal and the formal sector from governments who clearly show some money Disappearing that they otherwise would have had into the government coffers. So it's very important. It was a very It was a very important discussion I think we in most cases managed to to convince also because and that's also what come What's coming out of the world development report that you need to address things at different levels? So we had a good dialogue with Most of the governments we work with saying we will also like to help you in Creating the what we call the enabling environment creating the conditions that you actually can create is So so so the private sector can create Jobs you also need to focus on We have this discussion of the informal and the formal and I agree that you shouldn't just you know say that it Then we should Focus on on the formal in the first one I think we should vote on what kind of incentives could you put into place for small self-employed to actually So to speak integrate into the formal sector thereby also Providing the tax base for the government and so on in the long run So there are a lot of issues there and and some of these you can address by vocational training You can address by legislation in Tanzania. We worked in establishing Commercial court so you can also attract investments in that respect Cannot just make another comment when actually I think that the question before was wrong You cannot say it's either government or private sector or civil society.  Give me a break I'm full of respect for journalists Retired Now I think there's one element missing here I can think when I heard current seven for donors to do so-and-so and so One of the first questions we had on the screens. I think there was a huge majority pointing to governance issues as Some of the main challenges you have to address and that's I think we need to get our partner governments into the picture as well This is not just a question of what donors can agree to or not. This is, you know, we we would like to align with local Priorities and and and and take it from there. So I think that's that's an angle We need to have into this question as well And we are happy to share all the findings from this program with all our partners all over the world In order for all governments to actually use it as based for the policy decisions Okay coming back down because Johnny ebid mentioned what was going on in Tanzania And I know I stopped you off in mid-flow from production But can you pick up again or continue on as you wish? I'd like to show a picture of two cornfields. Could we have the cornfield pictures, please? Yeah, there we go. Yeah, I think this is pretty much what we have heard about agriculture Productive there's no climatic reason or anything else for these two fields to be looking So much apart. So basically the climate's the same in both places now. Can you guess which one is in Denmark? So 800 kilo of maize per hectare is not going to create rural wealth And again, if we compare to Denmark, I know you can't do that all the time but there are two very interesting features happening and Also said this to provoke a little bit comment from from the unions here When we started to create rural wealth in Denmark shortly after we settled our issues with Napoleon and other Then we started to really build rural wealth and By including in increased productivity and people got money to spend by them they started to build things Themselves so the monopoly of the union city-based guilds la owner Was broken because there was money in the rural areas and all of a sudden you had 40 percent of people actually Doing this kind of work living in the rural areas So there was a sort of a demand driven breakdown of some structures in the labor market that had existed for very long When I go around Tanzania, I suddenly in a very poor village. I see a sign was that one. I'm mango So it means mr. Dore So this is the carpenter Now some people have money to ask somebody to build them at all They're creating enough wealth to want a door problem is which is different from Denmark and one of the questions I have to Mean this whole issue of trends of putting people in other sectors where productivity is higher Is that this guy in Tanzania will very soon face very stiff challenge from an aluminium door imported from China? Just down the market, so he'll no longer be building this wooden door that sort of help us Create new kind of jobs when we were shedding the low productivity agriculture jobs into higher productivity Manufacturing we didn't have Chinese stores of very thin alloy Competing with our sort of crushments and our production. So that's one question Okay But is the argument that you should basically first of all think not just of moving people out of agriculture sideways more or less into Manufacturing, but that you should first of all give them the chance to make the fields transform from one to the other so that they can actually earn money on the farm and Or is it that you just when they do go you have to be a little more careful of How the transformation takes place? I mean, well, who do you want to ask your question to and it'd have to be one to start? All right We can't have the whole panel Gary, but I want to add another one One question at a time Gary I Think you raised a very important point which is talking about productivity What what's the definition of productivity to be used in this context? And if you think about productivity per employed output per employed labor hour That's not the right metric to be using when there are so many labor hours that want to be more fully employed That looking at how much output you get per hectare of land to take your last Photograph is much more meaningful. They would also raise a question about what would be an appropriate policy for allowing in aluminum doors from China and This is a question about what is best in terms of reducing poverty of the people of Tanzania And once one starts asking those questions one gets very different answers from then one gets by using standard metrics Okay, Gary just one memory of all of us I know that there's a certain amount of talking back and forth, but let us not forget that we have people out there So we want to include them even though I'm turning my back to them But that's because I have to interview folks here, but just when we can to remember so Does your second question Johnny? It relates a bit to how we finance these things because we also wanted to help People move into other areas and we heard today that micro credit and finance could be one of the solutions Now we are very terrified still in in in government than either to distort the market and that's why this whole Discussion arose about 15 percent and who's who's then to get 15 percent? I've shoveled out money to fishers in in Tanzania Cheap loans it ended up everybody being a fish especially people who moved out from the army So it's very difficult to compartmentalize these things. So you cannot create these sort of segments and who then do you want to subsidize but The need actually predated all this By investing in a bank in the 90s. We have a picture of the bank so surprised And that's sort of the then I'll stop the anecdotal when I was a very very young man I started working as an economist for the needle and one of the first things somebody told me to do By 100 Land Rovers by 100 Avery weighing scales and by 100 Thompson saves So I said what are we going to do with this? Just send it to Tanzania and we'll tell you so I did this and I went to Tanzania We took the Avery weighing scales and bolted them to the floors of the Land Rover We gave them an Avery weighing scale, which is one of these old-fashioned weighing scales that you use with the lid and A guy with a shotgun and then we drove into the villages with loads of Tanzania shillings Because peasants had stopped weighing off their produce to this bank Because first of all they used Russian or Chinese weights where you couldn't really see what was happening So they thought they were cheated and the checks that bank wrote were absolutely useless. So they wanted cash shillingy So that's why we needed to go with with saves and shotguns it went completely broke and We helped restructure somebody in the need of not me, but other clever people they invested eight million dollars in this bank in in the mid 90s to help restructure it and I now have a daunting task of selling a 30% share post which is at least 80 million dollars worth and It's 1,500 jobs just in the bank So not what the bank did for other people, but just jobs created in the bank itself So that's another point of risk-willing capital.  I don't know what but they did something very good for Tanzania And this is the second largest bank of Tanzania today. Thank you very much Oh Where do I go from this? I wanted actually to to talk a little bit about or to get you all to talk a little bit more about the informal economy and the cooperation of International organizations with that and and I think what I'm just going to briefly do because You had mentioned in your first notes the problems that people have in the informal economy And obviously it's a huge issue and we can't forget how many people are actually employed there so what I was really interested in is Darianne Rieber from from Danita who's been a great help to me, but put me in touch with Jorgen Asens who's with the Danish labor movement and Jorgen then put me in touch with Jens Kvarning who is with the Danish Federation of small and medium-sized businesses and I was quite surprised to find that they actually are working together to But both help formalize and do some work. I'll let them tell tell the story briefly, of course, and I'll start with you Jorgen and then if you could pass it on to Jens It should be on Yeah, let me start just with a brief story It'll be a brief story Sorry from West Africa from Sierra Leone where I just came back and they have just decided in the Labor Congress in Sierra Leone that they would accept to get members from the so-called informed economy They made that decision and changed their constitution earlier this year And as of today yesterday actually they now have 400,000 affiliated members from the informed economy and They experience that people are joining the union because of basically they believe that the union can Help them protect their rights Avoid harassment, I should say But also help them to achieve some social security and thirdly also to create some more decent employment decent jobs for them And to that end we have tied out they have tied in with the Danish labor unions and also with the Danish Federation of Small and medium scale and whatever employers. Yeah Where Jens is representing to try to get us to help them to initiate some training programs some Business development programs, which would help them to For some of their members who want to become Once a real employers or entrepreneurs to develop their skills in the way So they can also generate new and more decent employment So that's the whole and we have been granted some funds from Danita and so on so log it for that Okay, if you could pass over to Jens, I mean Jens You were quite excited about the kind of cooperation that is going on at an artisanal level and then further up And the skills that are being learned and we're going to hear more from Kay and Tetsushi this afternoon about this This need but you know I was to be honest quite surprised even though this is Denmark To find that Labor and employers were working together and sorry I miss misnamed your Federation So how did it how did it start working with you? well, we started having a long experience with the formal sector via the day Danita program business to business program where we mainly assisted Companies in developing countries by training them with Danish companies in similar businesses and that from my opinion has worked very well over 20 years and But still we especially in Africa. It didn't work as well as in Asia and in Latin America So what we and one of the reasons for that was that it was a very small Population of companies you had in the formal sector in Africa. So we saw a need for developing informal enterprises Because if you didn't add new companies to the formal sector, you would not be able to make this kind of programs so and then we were in close contact with the Ulan secret I ate it which is the unions Corporation organization here and they had the This idea of bringing company know some of the unemployed into work by Training programs. Yes I'm actually their own companies in the informal sector So this has been a way to break the wall because we couldn't really manage to get into the informal sector but thanks to The unions who had access to these people who needed jobs in the informal sector we could certainly move and What we're actually doing is to teach people to work smart rather than hard Not that they don't continue to work hard, but at least they can get a better outcome from working hard great Thank you very much No, you could well it literally 30 seconds. It's just one thing is to say I think the experience here We have is to we would like social partners We are representing them to get much more involved and we're actually a little Puzzled once in a while that there's not not many more efforts to involve the labor market Yeah partners into job creation Well, let's hope that this is um in a way We're doing a little matchmaking and we'll end up with some new partnerships now the three of you I'm gonna throw this open to the floor But I'm sure there were things that you wanted to say which I haven't given you a chance So I'm gonna briefly say Karen Was there something else that you wanted to throw in before we start taking questions from everybody? Well, yeah, I think it's it is important also to discuss. I mean the the obstacles which exists today and And I think one major obstacle for small Enterprises for the informal sector and for Manufacturing at large and including agriculture is the lack of infrastructural investments And I think that I remember 20 years ago when I worked with Tanzania The Swedish IKEA, which may be known to you try to buy Goods from Tanzania cotton towels, but also pine things. I don't exactly remember what it was, but It stopped because of lack of energy energy was so irregular So the producers could not deliver according to the plan, which I case very very Strict on strict on so I think that that's another issue where donors also could come in And the world Bank in particular Morton Well, I think the issue of of of transformation structural transformation of economies where you Let's say an agricultural country like Tanzania or Bolivia where productivity is very low You need to raise it, but you also at the same time need to create Decent jobs in other other areas you have a big informal economy where a lot of people work as street vendors and Salesmen trying to make a living living. That's where the people are, but you somehow so so I mean what type of what type of Intervention what type of policies can you design one to identify, you know Whether you should invest more in getting the informal economy the street vendors or the beak be producers try and improve their Productivity and get them into the into the marketplace and to what extent you should Focus more on the more formal economy where you'll find in Ghana or in Bolivia you have the the mining modern mining sector where productivity is Hundred times more than You find in the informal economy, but the jobs are very low But you you need to focus this this transformation. I think how to identify the The the the Intervention policies just yet to come back to that because you mentioned the the the mining industry and the extractive industries And it seems that as an outsider one sees it all too often when there is a mining or extractive industry or some sort of natural resource Not only the natural resources, but a lot of the profits seem to go offshore And we always focus on the governance in the countries where the stuff is being mined We rarely focus on the governance of the actual companies that are coming in But you know, how do you then convince governments that the profits from these things really need to be reinvested? And it's been mentioned already today and John you focused on it as well that you start to build Kind of the skills so that you can reinvest and start those alternative modes of growth I think Bolivia is a country that depends very much on the for its exports and for its GDP also on gas and on minerals More than 80% of its export is gas and minerals About half of the GDP on these two sectors, but they only provide Between two and three percent of all the jobs. So obviously how you spend the the the revenues Fortunately so far in Bolivia at least a lot of this has been going into the social sector investment But also in infrastructure investment. So distribution which are and distributional Transfer income transfers to to elderly to school children and so on And there are plans of course also as in most of these countries to also set up some kind of Sovereign fund which can you know ensure a better use of of the resources Johnny Yeah, I like the discussion about the investment in infrastructure and and natural resources when When these nurses that we just saw before they were very successful In they kept all the children alive from the 80s This is why africa now has a huge challenge with youth and employment in europe We always made sure that there was enough war and disease around to not get this problem But now africa has it And it's going to be very very difficult to create that many jobs But one of the prerequisite I think is if if the farmers can grow Enough and raise productivity on the land It will still be a huge challenge to get it somewhere to where people can buy it So the post harvest losses and the prices and all these things are an enormous problem And one of the reasons is that there is such a poor infrastructure in africa, which is partly due to No investment for 20 years, but also partly due to the fact that it has not been I mean some of the donors who used to finance this have been pulling out of that sector and we Including danita but also world bank and others and I think there is a very good case for investing the kind of seed money that donors can provide and then challenge the government or and Encourage them to put some of the money from the infrastructure from from the from the natural resources into infrastructure So we can actually get this produce moving around in africa and to export and raise farm gate prices Okay, well you you bring me up this whole concept of infrastructure and investment henrik garver You've got a story here to tell about working on a highway and also it created jobs But the if you could focus a little bit on the highway and the need for it and then the jobs And then we will move on again to the audience right But I think I think there are a lot of important issues here The the case that I bring along is from one of my member firms kovie consultants who who worked on The majority of part of the parts of the 10 same highway linking lusaka to dar es Salaam And I think there are more key issues really if you look at it first of all you get this infrastructure investment which as John focused on Creates who paid for who paid for it In partly paid through through foreign aid so so that's Very good investment in infrastructure And what we see is that in part you get International consultants bringing in international knowledge, but they build up local companies local professional service firms They also actually So they have a local subsidiary They they also use additional local companies surveyors water experts and so on I mean basically Through some of these infrastructure investments you get a local Professional service economy which is this structural change that that John is looking for and actually also That creates a better economy if we look at the actual road We have a road which is designed so that the street vendors can actually Sell things along the road without blocking traffic. We get more less Traffic accidents and so on so we get a lot of benefits in addition to creating a stronger formal economy for the private sector and this These private sector firms then Works for other private companies and not just for development agencies and so on so plus better trade between Zambia and Tanzania Tanzania because John was mentioning that issue And I know a baby it's dear to his heart that you actually get those connections working So really the point of this infrastructure, but works if it's done with wind. Thank you very much


As if you needed another reason to support Bernie Sanders, he just took a stand on an incredibly significant issue. So when it comes to the war on whistleblowers that has been waged by Obama and now Donald Trump, Bernie Sanders has declared the side that he's on. He's on the side of whistleblowers. Now as Ryan Grimm writes in an article for The Intercept, Bernie Sanders pledges to end the practice of prosecuting whistleblowers under the Espionage Act and he writes, The century old law had largely gone out of fashion until it was deployed heavily by the Obama administration, which prosecuted eight people accused of leaking to the media under the Espionage Act, more than all previous presidents combined. President Donald Trump is on pace to break Barack Obama's record if he gets a second term. He has prosecuted eight such whistleblowers, five of them using the Espionage Act, according to the press freedom tracker. The Espionage Act, which was passed in 1917 to suppress opposition to World War One and now considers leakers to effectively be spies, makes a fair trial impossible as relevant evidence is classified and kept from the defense and the bar for conviction is low. The law also comes with stiffer criminal penalties and longer sentences than more obvious charges that might be leveled, such as mishandling classified intelligence. If he would give a second look at the record setting the length of the sentence told out to National Security Agency contractor reality winner Sanders demerred saying that he was supportive of whistleblowers, but unfamiliar with her case, Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez who joined Sanders during the interview agreed, I don't want to speak out of turn when it comes to reality winner, but I just think that the prosecution of whistleblowers is frankly against our democracy. We rely on whistleblowers. We rely on journalists in order for us to hold our systems accountable. And that is really important for him to say I am taking the side of whistleblowers. That is that's fantastic. That would be a change that is much needed to protect democracy, right, to allow people to not fear that they're going to be harshly prosecuted under the Espionage Act. If they leak information to the public that the American people need to know. Now having said that, we still have to push Bernie Sanders in a more positive direction. I would like a firm commitment from him to protect and pardon whistleblowers such as reality winner Edward Snowden, Chelsea Manning and Julian Assange. Now Julian Assange is not an American citizen, but I mean to drop the charges, to not prosecute him, to not opt for his extradition that would be huge. Now to her credit, I think Tulsi Gabbard is the only presidential candidate who has actually said I would pardon these whistleblowers. But this is still a huge thing for one of the front runners like Bernie Sanders to say to take a stand here, to draw a line in the sand and say we're no longer going to prosecute whistleblowers under the Espionage Act. That's important. We just got to press him a little bit harder to maybe opt for pardoning them. Now I do want to play a really quick clip from Ryan Grimm's interview so you can hear it from Bernie Sanders himself. So look, this is really important and this shouldn't be a thing that president candidates should even have to address. It should just be, you know, common procedure that of course we stand up for whistleblowers. People who expose corruption, who expose our government's war crimes shouldn't have to fear prosecution. They already know that they're going to be persecuted by powerful people for exposing these things, but they shouldn't have to fear that they will be jailed if they expose things that the American people need to know. And Bernie Sanders here is saying what needed to be said a long time ago. So I really give him credit here because this is huge. And as Edward Snowden puts it, whoa, yeah, whoa is right because this really is huge. We need this. It was really demoralizing to see President Barack Obama aggressively prosecute whistleblowers harsher than any other president. That was awful. And that set a precedent that, of course, led to Donald Trump in future presidents potentially doing the same thing. But Bernie is saying, I'm not going to do that. Other presidential contenders need to also commit to not prosecuting whistleblowers. Now would I believe them? No. So I believe Bernie Sanders. That's what's different. But to hear him say it, even though I knew this was the stance that he would take, it just reaffirms the fact that he is the real deal. And we all need to rally behind him if we want to defeat the establishment in 2020.


What's good Josh where Ross back again with another video? So I got some great news today, man I and I wanted to share it with y'all. So for those who don't know I've been dealing with a false copyright strike From another youtuber that goes by the no-cell zone and he basically false copyright strike two of my videos talking about the The Maxine getting booed at a live show event He basically claimed that the footage that I showed in the audio that I showed in both of those videos He claimed that the footage was his and he had rights to the footage and he Falsely copyrighted both of those videos. So I woke up this morning and I Received a very great email that I was hoping to see let me show y'all this Dear kicking in with Ross in Coordins with the digital Millennium Copyright Act. We've completed processing your counter notification The following videos have been restored unless you have deleted them and this is from the YouTube team and the The video they're talking about is my reaction to Jim cornet Talking about Maxine getting booed and they played the audio in that clip and I got another email from the actual Video footage I got from Twitter They sent me the same email for that a particular video So both of the videos are up and also I no longer have the copyright strikes on My channel so my channel right now is in great standings. No copyright strikes nothing of the sort They removed them and put both of the videos back up and I'm very thankful for that man. I'm very thankful for that Because it was just one of those things where I knew Something wasn't right, you know, and I and I knew that he was this individual was Falsely claiming videos because I wasn't the only one that he did this to he did this to anyone else That talked about and showed that Maxine got booed clip and he was literally copyrighting the entire video, you know, so I'm very thankful that this happened and here's the thing and I want y'all to understand why this actually happened if he was really serious about Claiming the videos and was serious about the copyright One with the emails that I had back and forth with the individual it would have been only about the copyright claim but instead he was over here talking about what said I claim and and What gang I'm a part of and talking about my quote on quote followers Sending him mean messages and talking about that. I'm broke and he's gonna take me to court and all types of nonsense But at the end of the day I had to block the guy because I'm like there's no point in going back and forth with you and at one point I wouldn't even responding who's just sending me messages emails every day not talking about the claims So I was like, okay I blocked his email and I put it out there like, you know what if he's really serious about this claim He will send his legal Representation they will email me talking about they want to take further action for those who don't know You have 10 business days To actually respond to the counter notice because I sent two counter notifications To both of them because I was trying to fight them because I was like He's falsely copywriting these videos I'm not going to sit up here and have to wait 90 days for the for the strike to go off So I'm going to go ahead and encounter send a counter notification if he was really serious he would have sent over Legal documentation saying that he's going to try to fight this in court and he has the right to do this Within those 10 business days Then it would have got escalated further the strikes would have stayed there and then that would have been it But instead he didn't do none of that. He didn't send no legal legal information or documentation or anything like that because even if I block him his legal team would send me something it wouldn't even be him he didn't send nothing and I just had to sit there and wait and that's exactly what happened No legal information was sent over And after that that was it They reinstated my videos and removed the strikes That was it Well, it was technically one strike for two videos But even then they removed it and now my channel is back in good standing the point. I'm trying to make here is YouTube has to do a better job at this and I'm definitely still gonna hit team youtube up You know somebody from support because they need to look into this person because he sent False copyright strikes to me and other content creators. He was harassing me in the emails Wasn't even talking about the initial copyright issue And then the videos got restored Anyway, because he wasn't serious he He literally was just BSing and that shouldn't be on the platform Someone shouldn't receive a strike. What if he it was multiple videos? And then I got hit with three strikes at one time and my channel was deleted because someone else Was abusing the system. That's my issue and I'm still going to talk to team youtube Everything was resolved on my end, but they need to look into this person because one he's uploading illegal content himself So that's one and two He's out here falsely copywriting Falsely copyright claiming other videos. That should that should not be legal That should be rights for termination on youtube because you're abusing the system for what? So I don't know if they're gonna do anything I'm still gonna reach out to them to talk to them about this because I think that's messed up. You shouldn't be You shouldn't be doing that, you know, I'm saying it's just one of those type of things Whereas like people like that, you know, they they make the youtube community bad as a whole and we don't need people like that On the platform trying to falsely copyright people Just because they're trying to make a buck when in actuality all he had to do was Content id the clip if it was really his as soon as he uploaded it And then he would have possibly made revenue from anyone that even had the audio or the visual of Maxine getting booed at a house show. That's all you had to do So Yeah, it's just one of those type of things where it's like, I'm glad it got resolved But youtube still needs to look into this person because they don't need to be on the platform doing that That's how I feel and it's just it makes the youtube ecosystem that much worse When you have people on the platform like this abusing the system for their own gain And in actuality they're they're they're messing up things you feel me? So but shout out to everyone that reached out to team youtube and and shout out to everyone that was, you know Sending some positive words. I appreciate everybody on all social media platforms for everything that you guys have done I thank y'all so much for showing Um showing the the love and support throughout this process.  So that's awesome But yeah, we're just gonna move forward from this and uh Keep dropping some banger content. WrestleMania is right around the corner. I'm looking forward to that I know we got our monday night raw stream tonight. So that should be fun We got a lot of stuff coming up and I'm looking forward to keeping that content Uh A1 for you guys So, you know, we can definitely turn it up and run it up for WrestleMania this year, man But I appreciate all love support roto and 50k and i'm sticking on speedy youtube wrestling champion world. Appreciate y'all kicking it with me See y'all next one. Peace


It's National Wheaties Week. Yes, it's National Wheaties Week. And Wheaties present Joel McCrae in Tales of the Texas Rangers. On stage tonight transcribed from Hollywood another in the Wheaties big parade of exciting half-hour presentations. Ranger Pearson. Texas more than 260,000 square miles. And 50 men who make up the most famous and oldest law enforcement body in North America. From the files of the Texas Rangers on these stories based on facts. Only names, dates and places are fictitious for obvious reasons. The events themselves are a matter of record. Tonight's case, Fools Gold. It's shortly after 9 a.m. on the Tuesday after Labor Day 1946. Two men in a late-modeled black sedan cruise slowly along the main street of the town of Live Oak in West Texas. All right. Let's go over it once more. We've been over it 20 times, Foy. Let's get it done. I ain't taking a chance on you making any mistakes. I ain't making mistakes. Think I want to go back to Huntsville again? Haven't done anything but case this bank since I got out of the pen a month ago. You sure there's no guard? No, I told you. A town like this. Ain't got but two tellers in the cage. Got an alarm system, though. One of them moves for an alarm. Start blasting. How are we going to hide out afterwards? You know that to me. We'll beat our way back to where I've been working. Roundup will be starting tomorrow. I'll get the old man to take you on until things cool off. That's good. Ain't nobody going to suspect a poor working cow folk. Here we are. You keep me covered while I cash the check. Yeah. Bet that you never cashed a check like that before.  Howdy, gentlemen. What can I do for you? What is this? It's over 5,000 dollars. Come on, don't move funnier up last year. They're robbers! Partner, it's National Wheaties Week. It's celebrating time, and I'll tell you why. There's a whole kernel of wheat in every Wheaties flake. Think what that means. There's a whole kernel of wheat in every Wheaties flake. Now, doesn't that say vitamins and minerals and energy, energy worth talking about? Sure, first thing in the morning, there's a lot of wheat and milk and fruit. Join me tomorrow. See how Wheaties at 7 can help at 11. The Texas Highway Patrol threw a guard around the wreck cars and notified the Texas Ranges of the attempted bank hold up in the fatal crash. Ranger Jase Pearson was assigned to the case. Howdy, Jase. Glad to see you. Howdy, Rhodes. Pretty bad. Who got here first? I did. I was patrolling near Landmark which one was the bandit car? The black sedan. Who was in the coupe? The man and his kid. They took away. He didn't miss anything by not seeing it, Jase. Where are the bodies? The doctor had him taken to the hospital basement. How about the bank teller? He's alive, but he's unconscious. That bet he sheriffs with him. One of the stick-up men got killed in the crash, you know. Yeah. Been able to find the driver? No, not yet. Cut down that street and into the hills according to witnesses. Sheriff has the dogs and posse have them. Who owns the sedan? Don't know yet, Jase. We're checking on it. Let's have a look at it. Blood on both sides, steering wheel two. Means the driver must have been shot on his head or his hand. Had a gash in his scalp. Yeah. Hit the windshield on this side. A couple of hairs stuck to the jagged edge. A dark brown. Yeah. The drug has got a good look at him. Saw the whole thing from his store. Came out to help, almost got shot. Is he around? Yeah, he's right over there. Mr. Weber. Ranger wants to talk to you. Let him, sir, will you, boys? Yes, sir. You see the man who was driving the sedan? Yeah, saw him up close. Oh, a call coming in on our car radio. Jase, will you excuse me? Sure, Rhodes. What do you look like? Six feet, maybe. Milled solids, boots, jeans, work shirt. Of course, that could fit a thousand men, but this one had a couple of gold teeth right in the middle of his mouth. Gold teeth, huh? Anything else? No, except for a bad cut on his head. Bad enough to need stitching? Sure was. Yeah. Got a flash on the sedan, Jase. It was stolen during the night or early this morning over in Rankin. I thought so. We better get over to the hospital. I'll call headquarters and have a lab man sent down to go for the car for fingerprints. Not easy to lift him from that car.  Yeah. And even if you do get him, you still gotta find the man that goes with him. Body, gentlemen. Lift the sheet if you want. Anything on him, doctor? Nothing at all. Not even a mark that might attend a fire. You don't want to see the father and the child, do you? No, that wouldn't help. Rhodes, we can fingerprint this one. Might help us find his pal that way. Yeah. You can do me a favor, doc. A killer who got away cut himself on this glass. Before I send it to Austin. I'd like to get his blood type from it. Can you do it now? Sure. Club stairs to the lab in 15 minutes. I have it for you about that. Thanks. That blood type will give you something to go on, Jase. I hope we don't need it. I wish there was some word from the sheriff's posse. If they had, I'm afraid we'd have heard by now. Yeah. I might as well walk over to the sheriff's office while we're waiting for the doc.  Okay. That's the kid's money. Did you come to see my boy and my husband? Did you know? No, ma'am. I didn't. Maybe you ought to go home for a while, ma'am. Why should I go home? There's nobody there now. It wanted his daddy to be the one to take him to school. It was just being there. It was just being there. It was just being there. It was just being there. It was just being there. It was just being there. It was just being there. Take it easy, ma'am. We were so proud of him.  We even learned to write his name. Nothing we can do to help it, Jase. Not here. No. Could be my wife and kid or yours. Could be my wife and kid or yours. Any more on the bank teller? The deputy reporter, he's still unconscious. We can look in the room when we get back to the hospital. Hey, look, it's part of the sheriff's posse. You find him? I got to work on the car in the hands of a dead bandit. Highway patrolman Rhodes waited for the report while I went back to see the doctor at the hospital. Got it yet, doc? Just finished. Blood types AB. AB, huh? I won't come across that very often. No, it's very rare. About one in. Oh, excuse me, Ranger. Go ahead. Hello? Yeah, I'll be right in. But VA's here now, I'll tell him. Goodbye. That was the deputy of the bank teller's room. The teller just died. Unconscious all the way? Nope, came to for just a second before he passed on. Did he say anything? Nothing at all, already no, Ranger. Man who shot him had gold teeth. It was night before the fingerprint crew found anything. I unloaded my horse charcoal from the car trailer and was watering and feeding him a delivery stable. And highway patrolman Rhodes rode over the reports.  Come on. Well, Chase, I know who the dead one is. Let's see. John Commons served four years Huntsville armed robbery. No family, no known associates since leaving penitentiary. That's no help to find any other one. No, could have known it before he went to prison or after. Anything on the car? Yeah, here. Lots of prints, but no clear ones, except a fold. Thumb impression on the cap of the gas tank. Haven't got anything on that print yet, though. However it is, he has no record in Texas. He will have. B.I. may have something on him. I'm not going to wait around here, though. I don't like it either. But which way can you go? Both ways. Car was stolen in Rankin. That's West. I'll head back that way. You take the highway east. You got a plan? Something will keep us busy while we're waiting for a report on that thumb print. Check every doctor along the way and see if any of them have stitched a head wound for a man with gold teeth. For a good part of the night and half the next day, I covered the towns and the back roads between towns, country doctors and emergency hospitals. None of them had seen the man I was after. Then finally, KTXI and San Angelo came through. KTXI calling unit 10. KTXI calling unit 10. Unit 10 to KTXI. Go ahead, KTXI. Have report for unit 10 on thumb print. From a gas cap of stolen car. Subject known as Robert Trummer. Believed to be in Ornilla, Santa Rita. Maybe working there. Occupation automobile mechanic. Unit 10 presently located Regan County, 40 miles from Santa Rita. We'll continue investigation. Unit 10, 10-4. It was almost sundown when I reached Santa Rita. Robert Trummer wasn't hard to locate. The local constable told me where I could find him. A service station about a mile out in the highway. I drove out there. Hey, Ranger. Howdy. Your name, Trummer? Yeah.  Where were you yesterday morning at 9 o'clock? I was right here working. Why? You sure you weren't in the drover's bank at Live Oak? Of course I wasn't. Wasn't, huh? Move over here under the light. All right, now smile. What? I said smile. Say you weren't at Live Oak yesterday morning, huh? You heard me. Those gold teeth say you were. Look, Ranger, I... The bank teller's dead, Trummer. So is a five-year-old kid and his father, and your pal, Commons. I don't know what you're talking about, Ranger. Try remembering, Trummer. You've got a cut on your head. Take your hat off, and let's have a look at that. Sure, I'll take my hat off. Well, you're looking, Ranger. You see any cut? No. No, Trummer. I don't see any cut. So if the guy you're looking for has a cut on his head, Ranger, it ain't me. Happy National Wheaties Week, everybody. From the Wheaties people, from me, and right now from the man stepping up to our microphone from backstage. The hard-working director of Tales of the Texas Rangers, Mr. Stacey Keech. Well, how's it seem, Stacey? Gosh, Frank, this doesn't seem like work. Now, imagine getting paid for this. It seems like fun to be able to get up here and talk about Wheaties. Well, it is fun, you know, and particularly on National Wheaties Week. It certainly is. And folks, backstage, we're celebrating just like we hope you are. Nothing dramatic, you know, just Wheaties with milk and fruit first thing in the morning. An all-star cast if I ever saw one. Try Wheaties yourself, so we'll know you're listening. They're great. Sure are, Stacey. And thanks for talking for us on National Wheaties Week. I took Trummer with me and drove back to Live Oak. There was no cut on his head, but he fitted everything else. His print matched the one on the gas cap. I stopped at the hospital and Trummer consented to have his blood type taken. When the doc gets through testing that, he'll only tell you what I told you before. My blood type is O. Come in. You sent for me, Ranger? Yeah, Mr. Raver. You ever see this man before? He looks like the fella. Why, you hold it. Hold it. Now sit down. Well, Mr. Raver, is he or isn't he? I've seen him before. Where? Was he the man who climbed out of that wreck? Look, Mr., maybe you did see me before. I run a gas station 30 miles down the highway. You might have seen me there, but you didn't see me here yesterday. How about it, Mr. Raver? Ranger, I'm not sure.  All I remember is them gold teeth. I ain't the only man in the world with gold teeth. You may be telling the truth, Ranger. You're after a blood type A-B. This man's blood is pretty common. Type O, like he said. The case against Trummer was falling apart in my hands. I only had one thing left, his fingerprint, tying him with the stolen sedan. I took him over to the local garage. Recognize this car, Trummer? Your thumbprint was right on this tank cap. So I guessed the car up at the station, maybe. That's how my thumb. Hey, let me see that cap. Well, I sold a tank cap like this yesterday morning. Had to pry his old cap off with a chisel. Look, here you can see the marks. The car wasn't hit on this side. Keep talking. Oh, this guy came in for gas early, 6 AM. I was just opening up. This tank cap was a kind of locks, and he didn't have the key. Said he lost his key. Even had to jump the switch to get the car started. Here, see why I was a jumped on this one. I know that. That's how it was stolen. Didn't you think of that when he didn't have the keys? Oh, ranger, it happens all the time. People are always losing keys. I've done it myself. Oh, I should have known there was something fishy about that guy. Why? Well, because he didn't have any money to pay for the gas. Didn't tell me till I'd filled it up, either. Why'd you let him leave? He took 10 gallons in the gas cap. Bill came to $293. Left me a hunting knife and a sheet for security, worth maybe $8 or $9. Did he come back for it? No, I got it locked in my tool chest back at the station. Would you know the man if you saw him again? Think so, but it's just getting daylightened. Oh, one customer's face looks like another. But I'd remember him. You have gold teeth like you? That's something I can't tell you. It was chewing a cutter to back and talking through it.  Jayce, saw your car outside. Hi there, Rhodes. I checked a lot of doctors on the East Highway. None of them did the kind of stitch job we're looking for. I may have a lead. Get in your car and tag after me. Here's the knife, just like he left it. Fresh-owned and clean as a whistle. No prints on that blade. Rhodes, take a look at this sheath. Design burned in the leather. Yeah, they engrave them pretty fancy sometimes. This isn't an electric engraving job. It's not good enough. The owner burned this in himself, probably used a hot wire. That drawing looks like a buffalo head, Jayce. But it isn't. No. Smaller drawings around it look like trees, like some scene he was burning out, wasn't he? Yeah. Yeah, Jayce, it's something like that. You see way off from the highway. State 23, where's to rank it? That's it, Rhodes. Buffalo Mesa. Let's get up that way and see if we can find a dock who stitched a head cut. It was mid-morning when we reached the area. There were three doctors and a 20-mile radius. The first one had nothing for us, but the second one. Yes, I stitched a head wound like that day for yesterday. Cowpoke, Joe Foy, fell off his horse. Matter of fact, he was in here this morning, about three hours ago, to have the dressing change. If you put on a fresh dressing, the one you changed is in that trash container, isn't it, Doc? Why, yes. Any blood on it? Of course. Cut was deep, hasn't healed yet. Can you get that dressing out and check it for blood type? Well, it'll take a few minutes. I waited a couple of days for this, Doc. I can wait a few more minutes. Hey, y'all, Rangy. Unusual classification type A-B. That's it, Chase. Yeah. You know where this Joe Foy works, Doc? Well, at Ben Kenny's place, left at the crossroads and six miles out, right near Buffalo Mesa. Thanks, Doc. Come on, Rhodes. Right. Oh, Doc. Yeah? Boy has a couple of gold teeth, doesn't he? Gold teeth? Well, no, Rangy. He doesn't have gold teeth. I'd found one man with gold teeth, and he wasn't the right man. Now I had another one to go after, but he didn't have gold teeth. Rhodes and I drove out to the Kenny ranch. The only one around was an old woman. I'm only to cook here. Mr. Kenny and the man who works for them are out on the houndup. Where does Foy bunk? Just over there in the barn, in the small room. You want to show us? Come with me. This is bunk? Yeah. Hey, Chase, look. Carved on the edge of the road. Carved on the edge of the bunk. Yeah, Buffalo Mesa. It looks just like the one on the sheet. Better have a look through this foot locker. Likely he'd have his gun with him, isn't it, Chase? Just making sure. Hey, what is it? Carton a chewing tobacco. Hey, that fits. Fellow at the service station said our man was chewing when he stopped there. Yeah, and I've seen this brand of chew before. My memory isn't lying. There's something else that fits. You shouldn't tell Mr. Foy things. I just want to see one of these plugs. Here's the answer, Rhodes. Yeah, the plugs are wrapped in gold foil.  And every witness who saw Foy was throwing us off the trail instead of helping him. I wonder how he thought of it. Probably got the idea in his way to Live Oak when he saw trauma at the gas station. I'm going to take charcoal out of the trailer and ride out to the rain. I'll get a horse from the corral. No, thanks, Rhodes. But you better stick here. If Foy spots me coming, he might make a run for the ranch and grab a car or a pickup truck. You stay here and see if he doesn't get to him. You Joe Foy? No, I'm Kenny Ranger. Foy in some kind of trouble? I'd call murder plenty of trouble. Murder? Yeah, where is he? Down the road, he's rounded up straight. Play to show you. All right, let's go. You know where Foy was, Mundy? Took the day off to fix his gear up and get ready for the roundup. You see him during the day? Nope. Went over to his bunk that night to see why he didn't show supper. Had a cut on his head. Said he fell.  I know about that. Hey, there he comes now, around the mesa. He spotted us. He's turning back for cover. Get out, charcoal! Put his up, he's running for the river. I got to get him. Come here, charcoal. Come here, boy. Lift shoulder looks mighty bad, Ranger. You can't chase him like that. I hit him. Come here, boy. If he can move with a bullet in him, so can I. Get up, charcoal. I'll see him when I get to him. We have another dead kid in the street. He ain't far ahead, Ranger. Not as far as he'd like to be. Hear him moving. Yeah. Stop. Listen, he ain't waiting any more. He stepped out of the streamer, or he's waiting in ambush. You better stay behind me, Kenny. Watching the bank for tracks, and watching the willow cross where he might hide. And far ahead, several of the willows over on the stream did clear down the water. Leaves floated down the stream from him. And one of them was a clear red blood spot. Look out, Ranger! Looks like he's going to need the electric chair, won't you? No. Not anymore, I. Oh, whoa, whoa! Let me help you. You got to get to a doctor. Yeah, I guess you're right. I sort of forgot I was hit. Thinking about what he did to a few other people. The body of Joseph Foy was definitely identified as that of the killer and hidden run driver. A ballistic check showed that his gun was the weapon used in the murder of the bank clerk. Ranger J. Spearson was taken to the nearest hospital where after a blood transfusion he was pronounced out of danger. So with us out there, are you celebrating? Well, it's National Wheaties Week, you know. And here's our star, Mr. Joel McCray, following up another great performance tonight with a few words meant for you personally.  As a matter of fact, I sincerely hope you've enjoyed it enough to go out and buy a box of Wheaties on Monday. If you do, that's the way we'll know. Your purchase of one box of Wheaties. Will you do that? I think you'll like them. Good night. Thank you, Joel McCray. And how was that for a sporting proposition, folks? If you like our show, there's a way to let us know. Just see your grocer about those Wheaties tomorrow. Remember, there's a whole kernel of wheat in every Wheaties flake. And goodness knows how many flakes there are in a box. Yes, there's a whole kernel of wheat in every Wheaties flake. And you know the value of whole wheat, necessary vitamins, minerals too, and whole wheat energy worth talking about. Go ahead. Have Wheaties to start breakfast tomorrow. Wheaties with milk and the fruit you like. Breakfast of champions? Well, I should say so. Try them and see how Wheaties at seven can help at 11. Come on, it's National Wheaties Week. Come on, everybody, to the Wheaties party. Eat a lot of Wheaties, sector champions do. Dance together, cheek to cheek. This is National Wheaties Week. Eat a lot of Wheaties, sector champions do. Wheaties at breakfast to champions. Next week, Joel McCray and another authentic reenactment of a case from the piles of the Texas Rangers. Joel McCray will soon be seen in the Universal International Technicolor Productions saddle tram. Tonight's cast included Tony Barrett, Hi, Everback, Paul Fries, Herb Butterfield, Dave Ellis, and Lillian Byatt. This story was transcribed and adapted by Joel Murkoff and the program was produced and directed by Stacey Peach. Hell, give me speaking. And this is the Wheaties Man, Frank Martin, inviting you to listen on Wednesday night to Brian Donleby and Dangerous Assignment on the Wheaties Big Parade. See you then.  You can feed him, comfort him, make him believe again with a package from care. No profit to care, just food for hungry kids. 550 does it to care New York. Care New York 550. Will you do it? Listen for Dennis Day and Judy Konova returning October 7th on NBC.