Kia ora. Welkom this morning. It's lovely to see all your smiling faces and it was lovely to see all of those of you who attended last night. Did we have fun? Mojha, it's a fantastic venue. We go all out for our delegates, International Space Station. You're welcome. I know the food didn't turn out quite as well as we'd expected and I do apologise for that. That ended up a bit of a mess but I really hope that you all enjoyed yourselves anyway. OK. Seemed like that nice pair of sunglasses that was handed to me last night and has already been claimed. They're actually rather cool. Jason White, I did send you an email but they're at Reggio Lost and Found. All Lost and Founders turning up at Reggio, you people are being fantastic. I believe a fully untouched wallet was returned. Tablets have been returned. You people are super awesome. Again, it's a non-smoking campus. Those of us who do still smoke go outside. Don't get hit by a bus. Too much paperwork. No food or drinks in the lecture halls, the lecture theatres, please. Water's OK, no food or drinks. Room changes. We did try and do a room change yesterday afternoon. It didn't quite work out as well as we'd expected. That happens but we will try to if we need to change rooms around. If you need extra toiletries, it's Thursday. Go and see Reggio. They've got some nice... ...shower gels and all kinds of stuff. Sunscreen, the sunscreen then. Make sure you use it. We've got a glorious day out there this morning. They tell me. So make sure you use that sunscreen. Coffee cups. T-shirt swap. If you need to T-shirt swap, it's lovely Lisa who is modelling our limited edition T-shirt. We'll look after you. So whoever is in room 1805 at the quadrant, can you please come and see me? OK. Or we'll go and read your room. Coffee cards. They'll do coffee or hot chocolate. They you can text. The texting machine at the coffee cart is working. They'll take cash. They'll take credit cards. They have been super awesome at the coffee machine. And yeah, they're feeding me plenty of coffee. It's all good. If you want to... Is that in a slide? It is in a slide.  Amanda, you said you're red colour blind. Can you see that? Right. OK. We'll try again tomorrow. We... Yeah. We didn't... Ex marks where you are, just in case you're not certain. Yeah, yeah. We didn't realise when we used red and green to colour five what area was what. It didn't occur to us then. My fault. We got told. Bust for tonight will be up on Simon Street again. Up on Simon Street there. And we've got one more on Grafton. OK. OK. Let's talk about that tonight. OK. Again, bookmark this link. It's got our schedule there for you. I asked sponsors. Go on. All right. Once again, huge thank you to Catalyst, IBM and HP that provide an immense amount of backing. It means you guys get some of the best swag. We hope you've ever seen it at LCA. And remember that Catalyst are running a beer o'clock on Friday. That's now up on our social events page on the website if you want some more details. Red Hat and Google. Again, long-term sponsors of this event. It's great to have them back on board. As Cherie mentioned, we now have swag for sale. So if you want to go and pick up a bag, if you want to go and get extra coffee cups, if you want to get the charges or extra t-shirts, they're now all available up at the Red Joe desk. Yes, tonight. Tonight we've got the PDNS up at a micro brewery called Sweatshop. So the buses are going to be outside from 5.30 to take you up there. The PDNS itself runs until 8.30. From 8.30 we are opening up the venue for everybody else. Please come and join us. It's a micro brewery that got awesome beer. Even if you don't drink, it's a very fabulous atmosphere. It's an awesome place. We've got it for the night. There'll be a range of beer, soft drinks, bar snacks, beer soakers. You name it. We'll make sure you're well fed. What we're going to do is the buses that we've got are going to start a loop from 8.30. For those who are at the PDNS and want to come back, they can get the bus back down here to the university. It will also be collecting people from the university, from outside. We need to check probably up on Simon Street at that bus stop to bring people back up to switch shops. We'll take you there. We'll bring you back. We'll look after you. That one. So we did promise you steam. You got steam. Yeah, I've already covered all that. That's cool. OK. My favourite bit. I hope you're all meeting new friends. I hope you're all meeting new people, making friends. Today, when you introduce yourself to somebody, I'd like you to tell them something that you're good at that isn't work. For instance, I make awesome Christmas cake. It's world famous in my family. Everybody loves it. It's pretty pretty soaking this year. It's got too much brandy in it. It's all a work in progress. Look after your speakers, please. They are here for you. They are here to tell you what they know. We've all seen this. In case you haven't, I believe Stuart Smith is retweeting it. Now, fundraising. For those people who weren't here on Monday morning, and you're wondering why we're playing that music video to start off with, that music video was created by the Canadian band One Republic in honour of the young lad you saw. He's a 15-year-old and he has cystic fibrosis. He's been cycling and raising money for CF research for quite some time. They created that video in his honour, and as you could see through the video, took him along to a concert and all this sort of stuff. From my understanding, he's still doing very well. The link is my own nephew who's 10 years old this year. He was born with cystic fibrosis, and so the fundraising we're doing with the raffle is to raise money for cystic fibrosis Association New Zealand. And what we've got for you is we have a diamond-age 3D moco printer of your choice. It will be shipped to you wherever you live, and the raffle tickets are $5 each, $3 for 10, $6 for 20, and our lovely delegates are doing a fantastic job of selling them, our volunteers, I mean. So please keep it coming, fundraising. I don't know where we are as we say. We'll be doing the prize draw during the close.  Yes, speaking of. Yay, spot prizes, so what should we give away today? Ooh, what do we got? OK, so the Amazon guys, as we mentioned earlier, they're running another event on Friday. That's also an open on our social page just so you can find all the details and information. We'll send us a Kindle Fire HD 7 to give away this morning. So... My precious. OK. Mikael Cluzo. Yes. We've got Mikael Cluzo. Congratulations. I've already got something last year also. That's all right. It's all yours. All yours. Every time I'll win her. Now, when do you keep coming back? There we go, my dear. Thank you. You're welcome. And as an extra thank you, because a few of you did have a few shandies last night and might have gone into town after the penguin dinner, we thought we'll pull out another one of these to give away. Reggio's not happy. They want to keep them. Right. Have we got Mr Hugh Blemings in the audience? Right. So a huge thank you to HP for providing these. They are really, really rather gorgeous. I know a few of the delegates who've already come up and said, how do we get Linux on it? I'm sure Reg... Log about it. I want to know. OK. There's one more. OK. Where are we? OK. This is your bit. Right. So, this morning we're going to change things a little bit in terms of our speaker lineup. I don't know how many of you get to attend conferences other than LCA, but something I kind of enjoy and something I wanted to throw into the programme was a mix of speakers one morning, keeping it short, sharp, interesting, hopefully relevant. And I'm really pleased to look at some of the people from the industry that we've got here this week. And so I tapped a few of them on the shoulder and said, look, can we do this? Can we make this happen? And I'm pleased that they said yes. Koopa Lees from Facebook, Carol Smith from Google and Mark McLaughlin from Red Hat. So, if we're ready, I'd like to introduce Koopa Lees from Facebook. Good morning, everybody. How's the heads? Yeah. Don't worry, I feel the same. But I've got experience with hangovers, so we should be fine. Not with microphones. There's this clip back on. So, how you doing? Good, good. Yeah, we should be good. All right. All righty. So today, why we get this happening, I'll start talking because I know we're limited on time. I'm going to talk to you about Facebook and our open source initiative at Facebook. Just a quick show of hands. Who here knows that Facebook open source is a lot of code? That's pretty cool. That's a lot. I'd say it's about 60% to 70%. And who here has actually got some Facebook quality, bug-free code running in their production environment? Who's running ButterFS? Who's using Mercurial? There's plenty of projects. One of the cool things working at Facebook are encouraged to open source things. We've tried to improve. When we go back to some of the early projects we threw over the fence, we literally did that. And we've now tried to focus on doing the full ecosystem of an open source project. So let's get numbers because nerds love numbers. We have hundreds of GitHub repos, and GitHub is our primary source of code, too. We have thousands of contributors from all across the world. Weird speaking, Australians, such as myself, all the way up through North America, everywhere. And we get a lot more collaboration and involvement across all our repos these days. We love graphs, so let's look back at 2012, where we first sort of started open sourcing many of our projects. And we've sort of grown all the way up to today. You'll see that big dip at the top. That's us throwing out some old projects that we no longer maintain or look after. We don't get to disservice to leave that code up there if we're not going to work on it. You see the same kind of trends with our commits, naturally. The number of total commits in all our repos. And the commits per month. I always thought this would be a weird statistic, but you can see the trend up. Where you see the big spikes is where we fork projects. An example would be my SQL into WebScale SQL. Would be one that would cause a big growth there and things like that. One of my favourite stats looking over the numbers with James Pearce, who's our open source liaison, is that our pull requests have grown. So I thank you guys, whoever submitted a pull request to any Facebook code base. Thank you. And this is one of the main reasons why we do it. Yes, we get to share our cool code that we do write, but we also get value from you guys sending it back. So please, keep it up. We want to be good citizens. We know that we're not perfect when we first open sourced our code, and I'm sure you've probably cursed our name before. But we're now trying to do a better job. We've ever made an organisation or a collaboration called to-do, to-do.org, where it's with other leading industry companies to try and work together and do it better for all you. So let's talk about some of our top projects. Is anyone running any of these? So React is a JavaScript UI framework that we use extensively throughout all of Facebook in dub, dub, dub, and other things. HHVM is one of our most popular open-source projects. It is the PHP virtual machine runtime that has made PHP quicker for not only us, but also recently Wikipedia, which I believe was two to three X times quicker running on HHVM as opposed to mod PHP with Apache. The async display kit is, as it says, a asynchronous display kit for your iOS apps used extensively throughout all our iOS apps. And one of my favourites is Presto. Presto is an SQL-like interface that sits on top of large data stores so that you can query it and pull the data out that you want. So you can put that on top of RocksDB, for example. We also have a culture now of upstreaming things. I myself have upstreamed some code. Don't yell at me if you get some bugs. But some examples there are Chahire, which is a Go BitTorrent tracker that we use extensively within Facebook. LibTorrent, I've put some fixes up predominantly for IPv6 now that we have v6-only clusters. We have many core utility developers. We have two of the leading ButterFS developers. We do a lot on grep. There's, like, a speed increase of some significant number that we recently released into grep. I'm sure you've all used grep. And then Mercurial. We're really hammering out and scaling Mercurial for our needs, and your law benefit from us making Mercurial faster and easier to use. So code.facebook.com is our hub, our blog, and talks about all the things that were open-source and what it does, and also links you to all the code repositories. Gethub.com.facebook will get you straight to all our code. So let's go a bit more in depth to the area of Facebook by work. I work in the NetEngine department. We have a large network. I was larger, Google was large. We have recently started dabbing in running our own Linux-based top-of-rack switches. So we're going to talk a bit more about that. OCP is the Open Compute Project. Who here has heard of the Open Compute Project? Excellent, that's a big shower hands again. The Open Compute Project is where we're open sourcing our complete data centre ecosystem so that you guys can all benefit. I was actually talking to someone last night at the dinner who's using our rack design, our servers design and possibly the switches as we move forward. F Boss, as we're wearing the shirt and if you have any questions about F Boss, the rest of the team is wearing the same shirt today. Is our open source switch software? It's not open source yet, but it will be. We're looking to do that. We want to make it bug-free first. So why are we doing this? What do we want from our open source network devices? So think about when you deal with the old network vendor today. It's pain-free, there's never a bug. It works so well, said no one ever. So we want to try and break that apart and disaggregate the software from the hardware and make the switches more open and friendly and more automatable. We want programmability, we want openness and we want to treat our switches like we do our servers. We have a vastly larger cluster of servers throughout the Facebook infrastructure than switches and they're a lot more automated. So we want to do that to our switches. So how are we going to do that? This is the first Facebook-built data centre in Primeville, Oregon. Right now it would be snowing there and a lot colder than that photo. But this is Primeville, Oregon. And when we designed all this, we actually did a lot of world-first and designed all this and had all this design that we benefit from but we don't make money from data centre design. We don't make money from the rack design. We don't make money from our standard server design. So this server that I'm showing here is our standard web server. When you go to www.facebook.com or open your mobile app, these are the things you're hitting. There's many of them. These are our racks. So this is the sort of open compute rack that you'll see and the PDUs to the side. And all these designs with the complete data centre infrastructure are open source for you to use. And I was so excited last night to hear that a data centre being built here in New Zealand is using these designs. The open compute project. It's been really successful. I'm just like even hearing as further strengthened that. Why did we do open compute? The big thing is save dollars. We saved a lot. We have more control over all our infrastructure now. Yes, we have to have control more of the pipeline. We have complete control about changing designs, working for us and scaling. And then to get the benefits from other people using it. So we sort of group open compute into multiple different facets. We have sort of the normal service so I showed you our web server. We like to refer to them as webbies. And then we have all the different parts. So we've open sourced our database servers. We've open sourced our storage servers where we store all your photos, cats, pictures, selfies, all the important things of life. And the last piece that we're really adding in is going to be the networking part. And I'm really excited to be working on that and working on putting in our new switches. As I said a bit earlier, we're going to just aggregate and pretty much fully open our network and automate it. I don't want to configure a switch ever again if I can avoid it. Somehow I find that hard, but at least we can automate it. So where are we at with the networking project and open compute? We are here today. We have open source switch, which I'll introduce in a bit. It's called Wedge. And then we have operating systems from different vendors already out there for people to use today. So what is an open compute top of a rack switch? At its simplest form, this is it. Wedge running an operating system. And then we talk over hardware to the hardware switching AC, which is just merchant silicon, which all the big vendors use as well. So what components have we had to work on to get the switch up and working? Well, first of all, we need an installer, naturally. And this is just an x86 server. So it's the same pixie boot install method that you'll use on all your Linux machines today. So you can use the same tool that you use to install OSs. And then we have an operating system. So our switch is running CentOS. Funnily enough, the Facebook version is CentOS. And then on top of that, we have an API to talk down to the AC and program it. So to put the switch port into its VLAN, get some routable interfaces, talk and get them usable in forwarding frames and packets. And then on top of that, you need the routing control, the brain to actually work out the topology, and make sure it's configuring the ports correct. So let's treat our switches as servers. Our switches actually run Chef as well and have cookbooks that configure all the NTP and do all that. And that is awesome that I don't have to worry about that anymore. So let's go to the hardware. Wedge. Has anyone sort of seen Wedge or using the open compute switches? I found one guy last night. Anyone else using white box switches? It is very new. So Wedge is 16 ports of 40 gigi. What we're also doing to put it into existing racks with 10 gig next is using breakout DAC cables, directly attached copper, so that we can have four 10 gigs per 40 gig and that's how we can fill the whole rack up. It's the Facebook blue matches this shirt and that's very important with nice blue LEDs. And we've actually wrote some sweet code to do fancy things with the LEDs. That's the most important part. I remember we were sitting in the lab that we had a temporary lab that we had near where we sit at Facebook one night and we're all sitting there watching the lights and one of the HR people that sits nearby walks past and goes, what are you doing? And we're all sitting there staring at the LEDs and he goes, is that why we pay you all the money for them? We're like, yeah, this is the coolest part. You can't beat blue LEDs. So that's Wedge. It's pretty. It works. I've seen it work. It's 40 packets in our data centre today. So what's in it? Basically you'll see here, as I said, it's just our OCP server that plugs into the board and basically programs the merchants so again, in this case, it's Broadcom and all the switch ports and the LEDs. Epos. We need to control a demon or a routing demon to both program the switch ports and do the routing. So today it's a C++11 demon that sits there, starts up like any other normal Linux demon, runs and will talk via the API to the switches. We'd like to disaggregate the protocols out of the controlling demon and talk thrift. We're using the thrift RPC API or calls to talk and communicate. We're trying to get away with the traditional CLIs and just have a config file and automation change config as you need. We're looking forward to open sourcing it and it is a priority to get done so if we can help you route and switch in the future. So let's treat our switches as servers and move forward to open sourcing more of our stuff. That's sort of what we're working on at Facebook in the open source realm. And thanks. Can you all hear me? Right, we're going to do any questions if we've got time at the end or you can catch up with all the participants in this afterwards or in the corridor. Okay, so we just want to keep things running. So now I've got Carol Smith from the Google Summer Accode program and the open source program at Google. Thank you, that was very nice. My name is Carol Smith. I'm in the open source programs office at Google and I'm here today to talk to you about the program that I manage Google Summer Accode. For those of you who aren't familiar Google Summer Accode is not advancing my slides. Hold on just a second. Let's try just representing how's that sound. There we go. Google Summer Accode is an online international program that is designed to encourage university student participation in open source software development. And it started with the idea that university students should get experience that is related to the things that they're studying in school outside of university and it would help them in their careers after they left school. So the program provides a framework for students to work with an open source organization of their choosing and pays them a stipend in exchange for that development so that they can focus on the work that they're doing for the organization. Students get exposure to real-world software scenarios like etiquette on a mailing list, working with developers across time zones and using version control. And this isn't just an experience that's useful for students who are majoring in computer science. These are skills that are applicable to all sorts of university students who are majoring in all sorts of universities. So the students also get references in contacts within the open source organizations that they work with. These contacts often last years if not lifetimes, people make friendships and they also get references that they can use while they try to network in their field and also after they leave university and are looking for their career. Also many of the students who participate in Google Summer of Code are open source and so this also helps bring in new developers and new lifeblood into the communities that they work with so that our open source organizations are continuing to have thriving, vibrant communities long after Google Summer of Code. And Google Summer of Code gets more open source code created for everyone. All of the successful student projects at the end of the year are posted and are available for the public to use and access however they so choose within the licensing requirements of the code. So the general framework is that early in the year and this year it's going to be in February which is coming up soon so pay attention if you think you might be interested in this. Early in the year mentoring organizations apply to Google, submit their applications to participate and then Google reviews those applications and chooses the organizations that they would like to participate in the program. That's going to be in March of this year. And then students submit their project proposals to the organizations that they would like to participate with. And they can submit up to five proposals to potentially five organizations or one organization. It's up to their choosing how they distribute it. So they have a wide variety of organizations to choose from and can submit a bunch of project proposals, some of which might be more applicable to the organization that they're applying for depending on what projects they're interested in. And then the organizations will choose, review the applications and choose which students they'd like to participate. They also pair them with a mentor that they would like to help them through the term of the program so that the students always have someone that they can reach out to and ask questions of and someone who can really help them through the whole process. We announce which students are accepted in April. And I just want to take a second because this is the 11th year of the program we celebrated our 10th anniversary last year. And we've learned some important things about what makes Google Summer of Code so successful and what has made the program so long lived. And one of those things is this student mentor relationship that I was talking about. It's a integral part of why the program succeeds every year. Having someone who you can ask questions of and who can really help you through the open source community that you're working with is really an important part of the whole process and of the program's success. So once the students are announced and accepted, the students work on a project for about a four month time period and they execute two milestones that they laid out in that proposal for their organizations. And the students and the mentors go through two evaluations, a midterm and a final. And this isn't just the mentors evaluating the students on their project progress, it's also the students evaluating the mentors and their organizations on how well they're doing as a community and mentoring that student. And we take a lot of that feedback into consideration in the following years of the program to make sure that the organizations that are mentoring the students are doing a good job and are continuing to foster a really open community. At the end of the term, in addition to passing a final evaluation, the students also submit their entire project to our program website and again that becomes available for anyone who's interested in participating to use. So as I said, 2014 was the 10th anniversary of the program and thank you. And thank you for the applause because my next slide is going to be that we really want to say a really profound thank yous. There's probably some people sitting in this room who've participated in Google Summer of Code over the last 10 years as students or mentors or organization administrators and we literally could not have done it without you. So thank you, give yourselves a round of applause. You guys are what has made this program as successful as it has been. So we made some changes to the program in 2014 in celebration of the 10th anniversary and those are going to be staying in place for 2015. It's a program and I want to talk about a few of those. One thing is that we raised the student stipend from 5,000 to 5,500 US dollars for a student who successfully completes the whole program and so that's going to be staying in place for 2015 and hopefully it keeps the program competitive with other internship and other opportunities that the students might have when they're looking around at university. Another is that we accepted more Google Summer of Code students than we ever have before. 1,307 in all and we're hoping to accept a similar number in 2015 and again this is an international program so these students are literally from all over the world. Over the past 10 years we have had 8,616 students participate in Summer of Code. Please give them a round of applause. And we also accepted more mentoring organizations in 2014 than we ever have before, 190 in all and again we hope to accept a similar number this year as well. In the last 10 years we've seen the most students from the United States, India and Germany but we are seeing a trend where we're having more and more students from underrepresented and developing nations participate and we're really proud of this and we hope that this trend continues. For the last three years in a row we've had more students from India and it continues to grow that we see more students from new countries where we've never had participants before and hopefully you guys can help us get the word out to those students in those developing nations those underrepresented nations so that we can continue to see a really diverse community participating in Summer of Code every year. And lest you think that Summer of Code is not represented in the Southern Hemisphere we have had 28 students participate from New Zealand and Australia over the last 10 years. We estimate that over the last 10 years there have been 50 million lines of code produced by Google Summer of Code students. Also Google Summer of Code isn't just for computer science students we've had students who have been majoring in cartography, linguistics, music film, business there's all kinds of majors represented in this program and these are skills that help students no matter what they're majoring in specific to computer science. It's also not just an undergraduate program we have students who are graduates and PhDs who participate every year as well. If you think that you might be interested in the program I would encourage you to participate and we'd love to have you and our applications for mentoring organizations are going to be coming up on the 9th of February and they run until the 20th of February. If you represent a mentoring organization that you think might be interested in applying you should speak to your community and start getting together an application. We also post all of the questions that we ask on our application for mentoring organizations on our website so that you can just start preparing your application now with your fellow folks in your community so that you are all prepared for February 9th. We're going to be announcing which organizations are participating on March 2nd and then if you are a student who might be interested in participating this year we're going to start accepting student applications on March 16th and those run until the 27th. If you are a student who is interested in participating I would encourage you not to wait until the student applications open. I would encourage you to get involved with an open source organization now and start volunteering and contributing it will only make your application stronger. We're going to announce which students are participating in the program on April 27th and then we have a community bonding period that runs for a month from April 27th to May 25th and this is another one of the key aspects of why we feel Google Summer of Code has been so successful is because it provides a month for students to get familiar with the codebase they're going to be working on and also to learn any skills that they need to know for their project and it also lets them get to know their mentor in their community and makes them feel more welcome more at home and more comfortable with the work that they're going to be doing over Google Summer of Code. They're not actually expected to start coding until May 25th and so again they have some time to get adjusted and get familiar with what they're going to be working on. As I said midterm evaluations start on June 26th and run until July 3rd. This is actually a change from last year's program we're going to be running the evaluations for a full week as opposed to five days to give people an extra few days to submit their evaluations and like I said this isn't just the mentors evaluating the students progress it's also the students evaluating the mentors and we do pay close attention to what the students say about their organizations and we take it into consideration. Final evaluations are the 21st of August to the 28th of August and all the students who pass their final evaluations are also expected to submit their code by September 25th and I just want to take a moment to say that if you're thinking about contributing GSOC is a really rewarding experience and we've heard from mentors over and over again that this is a really wonderful program and it's if you're on the fence I would encourage you to participate. Students as well have formed lasting relationships and bonds that last years if not lifetimes and it's a wonderful program that lots of people have benefited from all over the world. Links for you guys if you're interested google-melange.com is where we administer the whole program from and I have a short link to our discussion list if you'd like to just see what kinds of questions are being asked or contribute to the discussion. That's a short link for our mailing list you can subscribe to and then we have two manuals that I would encourage you to read if you're a potential student or a potential mentor or a potential org admin. These are written by students for students and by mentors for mentors and they have really hands on advice and interesting knowledge for you guys to make use of. Also I just wanted to say one note about the conference. A lot of the AV volunteers who are here were funded by GSOC which is awesome as well. Thank you guys. Thank you Carol and as Carol mentioned we've got a team several of whom have come in from India who are working on the AV software for this and future conferences and they're working with Tim and the team around developing the HD platform. Hopefully we'll be using at future LCA so I mean it's great to see programs like this benefiting conferences like ours and moving things into the future. So coming up next we've got Mark McLaughlin from Red Hat. So we've heard it from Facebook about some of the cool things they're doing in the data centre particularly around hardware in the data centre. Now let's look at how software is impacting the future of the data centre. Hey, morning everyone. I'm not here to talk about GNOME, that's just my desktop background although it did work on GNOME for quite a while and still a big fan of GNOME. Here I am. So my name is Mark and I work at Red Hat on OpenStack and I'm here to talk to you today I guess from Red Hat's perspective how we see open source like really changing what's going on in the data centre these days. So times are changing. Hopefully we're all seeing it, we're all aware of it. We're aware of things like infrastructure as a service, platform as a service new application architectures like microservices how people are aiming for kind of scale out architectures in their applications. We're aware of things like continuous deployment agile and DevOps and these are all part of the same team, the same trend same kind of desire on the part of people who want to have ideas and want to bring them to the market bring them to users as fast as possible get feedback and really iterate and really learn from their users. So this is our new reality this is the world we live in you might notice one morning your phone your Google Hangout app has completely changed one morning this is the world we live in but it's evolving like crazy and so like often in this space the behemots, the Amazons the Googles, the Facebooks and the Microsofts they're leading the way they're showing a lot of the trends here a lot of the innovation is coming from there and they're building it on open source and I think that's really positive and there's a lot of opportunities there and we're seeing, we heard from like Cooper and Carol about a lot of the work they're doing in the open source world and the benefits we're getting from the work they're doing there because we don't want it to be like this this stuff, this new way of delivering applications it's a competitive advantage if you can master this these ways of architecting your applications if you can master these ways of operating and delivering your applications it's a real competitive advantage and everybody wants a piece of this even telcos because this has really surprised me lately and I'm just learning a lot about it myself you know, for me I guess I've worked in the open source world for 10, 15 years now and my really only understanding of the telco space up till now has been we're special telcos, any conversation it's about how special telcos are how different the use cases are there when you pick up the phone the dial tone has to work lives depend on it demands for high availability that no other sector has demands for deterministic performance that no other sector has it can be quite an off-putting conversation sometimes but telcos these days are really squeezed and really scrambling if you think about how much he used sms five years ago versus now you're using hangouts or whatsapp or snapchat or whatever it is telcos really are the world is changing very quickly for them and they're learning that they have to adapt quickly so telcos need this agility they need this responsiveness just as much as anyone else does but if you look at the current telco data centre the reality of telcos lives right now these data centres are filled with big expensive proprietary boxes and it's not just networking forward in gear, it's not just the mobile packet core it's not just all of that kind of stuff you think about it it's basically all of telcos applications all of their ways of delivering value to all those users they're all locked in these big expensive boxes and these applications they take years to build they take years to phase out and they're really difficult to scale and this is the complete opposite of the agility and responsiveness that telcos need in this world and so to me that's how I imagine telcos these days just pure frustration they can't respond fast enough and they need a new way of doing things so you might have heard this new buzzword acronym that's going around at the moment called network functions virtualisation it took me a little while to understand what this was all about and how it fits in the broader scheme of things but it's about making that shift from the current telco data centre to modern data centres where your infrastructure is behind an API where it's fully automated and the kind of data centre that you can then build modern applications on so virtualised applications that scale out that iterate quickly but they still need carrier grade right, they're still special they still have all these requirements that they think no one else has but interesting enough is real industry consensus right now around building these new data centres with an open source stack so if you think about some of the pieces that these data centres have been built it's open stack it's things like the SDN controller called opensailite open v-switch it's linux, it's KVM it's puppet, it's all of these things that we're building other data centres with the telcos are also going with these too and so one of the interesting things that's happened in the last year is linux foundation and a bunch of telcos and telco vendors and companies like redhat founded this organisation called OPNFE and the idea here is not so much to build a new software but to build a reference architecture for the telco data centre using all open source components and really get collaboration across the telco industry on this so why are these telcos doing with open source and why are we seeing open source just generally dominate this space right now it's all about collaboration and co-opetition if you think about the spot the telcos are in right now they realise that to get out of that and to survive in the long term they need to collaborate together they are in competition with each other but they're actually more jointly in competition with a broader change in the world right now so collaborate together and they can all benefit together but also I think there's a growing understanding that diversity in projects diversity in collaboration and diversity of interests really drives some really interesting innovation if you've kind of got just homogeneous interests in a project you know you don't really get new and interesting stuff coming from that as much but it's also about sustainability too right if you think about something like Linux for example it's been around a long time and we all know it's going to be around a long time too and that's what you're really aiming for and also a demand on the part of say telco is if you think about them purchasing from vendors they really want the ability to not be locked into specific vendors they want the ability to move between vendors and that's something generally open source delivers on so I guess what I'm here to say today is you know there's a lot going on here I'd encourage you all to really think about being involved here if you're not already you know choose your mission play your part but I guess there's different ways of thinking about how you might approach this right you might want to just get involved and make a bunch of money and I know that's not the most politic thing to say here for example but what I mean here is there's a lot being invested in this space right now and why not have some open source people make some money out of it some people that actually understand how open source works but also hopefully have a bit more of a higher purpose here right I guess I'd describe my purpose in this space is you know it's about building diverse communities dedicated to writing and maintaining software that solves problems users care about there's a lot in that statement right there's a lot to unpack there but hopefully there's a lot of stuff that resonate with you guys there but I think you know listening to Eben's talk in particular on Tuesday you know it's also about being involved in influencing a future of IT which empowers and enables you know the future free societies that we all want so you know there's a lot going on here there's a lot relevant to all of us here and I'd encourage you guys to get involved and thank you right well we actually are running under time so I'm going to invite our three speakers back up and we have actually got 10 minutes for questions which is awesome ah you first wow that was quick hi it's actually a question for Carol seeing a lot of Twitter comments about this one actually with the summer of code we've only got about 1% of people in the southern hemisphere participating at Google considering setting one up perhaps that the southern hemisphere could participate in we actually run a program that is during the southern hemisphere summer right now and it's called Google Code and it's for 13 to 17 year olds and it actually I think don't quote me on it just everyone on the live stream just don't quote me on this I think it either ended this week or last week and so basically we're a team of three and one of us runs Google Summer of Code and one of us runs Google Code and so unfortunately the answer is we don't really have the time constraints to be able to run yet a third program not at this moment but we still have lots of participants from the southern hemisphere every year in Google Summer of Code and I hope that people are able to make schedule concessions and if they're not then we also have OPW available to them as well to participate in and there's other opportunities too my question is for the three of you first Carol is specifically is to do with the students as well how many what sort of diversity do you have in your organisations and I'm not just talking about women I'm just talking about people with disabilities and people who are probably you know not I would say maybe not as widely accepted in the world but they do like some fun things so like I said in the talk we're seeing a trend of more and more students from developing nations underrepresented nations which is awesome in terms of women we have about 12-13% women who participate in Google Summer of Code in terms of disabilities I honestly don't know because we don't ask people to disclose that to us when they participate in the program so I don't really have statistics on that so sorry so I'm probably the worst person at Facebook to ask that we have Australians I get constantly reminded by my British co-workers that I'm a convict so I don't know is that cool we have people from all over the world all across Facebook infrastructure we have a very high percentage of females for an engineering company like the group that I have here I have a group of people of Europe and America and myself so I guess we're kind of diverse but I can't give you numbers or anything because I don't know it actually have a mic here in the open source world generally I think we're doing pretty terrible at Red Hat we're pure play open source companies so it's pretty reflected within our organisation the way I like to think about it and talk about it is within our communities and Leslie gave a great talk yesterday about taking about our privilege and unpacking our privilege it's a really important thing to think about within open source communities and I like to bring it to very easy to understand examples just simply if you don't speak English or if you're from a culture that you maybe perhaps not want to bring yourself forward so much it's really really really difficult to get involved in some of our communities and influence those communities and anything we can do to bridge that gap and be more welcoming communities and more understanding communities I think that's great but we have a ton of work to do Can I just add a little something from our diversity programme from this year as well just to give you guys an idea of what's been going on new people new fellow humans we funded you guys know I work for Red Hat but within the conference I tried to step away from that particularly when we've been doing selecting of the programme the keynotes all the bits of the process I have to be objective even within the diversity programme it wasn't until after we funded people we realised we'd actually brought in two female interns from Red Hat one based in India and one based in Dallas, Texas that's an example of what we're doing in our intern programme we also ended up bringing in an open source engineer of VMware based out of California so this is awesome to see these businesses investing in intern programmes and in open source programmes in a diverse manner so that's really really good and again I want to thank the people who helped fund that diversity programme for us any more questions Hi gentlemen from Facebook I just want to know where the Facebook I just want to know if Facebook has put in any pressure on hardware vendors lower on the stack to open source and I go with open source hardware open the firmware for the buyers open the whole stack from top to bottom we put a lot of pressure on hardware vendors we've suggested that many times and we've seen some response so Junipa is one example they now have an open compute switch that you can purchase and put Junos on it don't think Junos has been open source but they've made it support on the open hardware so that's one part, one example I know the other vendors I don't know yet but we have suggested we hope by us doing this and more white box switching becoming more pervasive it will happen you're all on go over this morning what's going on come on it's all hung over this one's primarily for Facebook and for Google I'm reading a lot about companies complaining about shortages of potential employees and the like I've noticed have quite a good remote working contingent but companies like Facebook and Google want you to move to Sydney and places to work I can answer that very quickly which is I have no idea about any of the hiring that happens at Google I focus entirely on Google Summer of Code so I don't have an answer for you so Facebook we have our locations sometimes like people don't want to go to those locations to work just so I've understood it correctly you you think Facebook should open more locations to get more people or like I think there's a whole world of talent and they shouldn't all have to move just to work for these places I agree but I'm not official at that level at Facebook you know Google has moved to Menlo Park in San Francisco in the United States of America I've got that but it is an American company it was started there so it is American centric Google's growing pretty well I don't know what our plans are on that so I don't know how to really answer your question but I agree with you there is a world of talent I know trying to recruit Australian friends probably not everyone wants to move to America but it's personal choice I guess I quite like living in America I will probably come back to Australia one day though the way I look at it is I work from Dublin Ireland I've been working from my home for the last 11 years so with our open source projects to be part of these projects and make an impact and make an influence you can be anywhere in the world and that's valued at a lot of organizations so that's where we go we value people around the world to work remotely and it's a model that works really well and a very compatible wish working on open source I think I was just going to throw in not in an official capacity but we have a very strong engineering office in Sydney Australia Google has a very strong engineering office in Sydney and we are hiring people all the time similarly in Europe so it's true that there is the largest body of engineers in the US but that's not true that they're the only ones this isn't turning into a hiring fast but if you want to go and talk to them about a job later that's up to you and I think Carol's got some things to give away at RADJO later if you want to go and find her now we've got one last question so this is less a question and more of a call to action with the comment that maybe there should be a summer of code for the southern hemisphere and obviously it doesn't look like that's happening anytime soon but we have representatives of many companies here some of whom have fairly large presences in southern hemisphere countries so maybe someone else could step up to the plate and run a summer of code for the southern hemisphere I would love that let's do that I've got a full-time job surely somebody else could take it Catalyst locally in New Zealand actually run a whole series of programs through our summer particularly a student program so there's things going on we need more of them but it's awesome we've got one of our partners is actually running a local program I don't know if it's obvious or not but the Google summer of code model is open source and so anyone can replicate it and we would welcome you too and people have and it's freely available for anyone to model however they would like and oh by the way the software that the program is run on is also open source so if you need program administration tools you can use that as well I want you all to thank our three participants this morning I hope you got something out of it I know what I did it was great enjoy your morning morning tea is being served you want to come and find Carol giveaways during the day don't bug her too much thank you


a break in the far north with another two lives lost on our roads. That now takes the road toll for the far north to 13 deaths in 14 weeks. Clearly the message to a lot of our road users just aren't getting, just isn't getting through at all and sadly the deaths on the weekend are a testament to that. Yes, on the weekend we've yet again seen some blatant displays of stupidity by some road users in the far north. Yesterday at Machilba on the Atherton Tablelands a 17 year old was detected travelling at 201 kilometres an hour in a 100 kilometre hour zone in wet weather. That is just a fatal waiting to happen. We also had on Sunday another driver near Kowa detected at 194 kilometres an hour in 100 zone. Yet again there is no excuse for those speeds and at that speed all it takes is just one minute slip and there is no redemption from that. Are you shocked by the rate the road toll in the far north appears to be rising compared to the other states and cities? The road toll in the far north is the worst that nearly every office in the far north can remember. At this stage we're only 14 weeks into this year and we've lost 13 lives.  Over the Easter break there was hundreds and hundreds of hours put in by our police officers patrolling the roads and yet we are still having the fatal accidents occur. What do you need to consider? Is it the time to put in things like double the merits all the time or is there something in it that's a bit of a chat about that in Brisbane this morning on Talk Mac Radio about double the merits? Would you consider any more extreme options to try and bring the road toll down? Well any matter of policy or legislative change like that is clearly a matter for the government of the day. What we will do as the police is just continue our enforcement efforts out there, the education, talking at every opportunity to everyone on the road to take ownership of their driving, take ownership of the safety for themselves, their family and other road users. After the last couple of fables we had in a week, can you guys put in a bit more of a task force to address this? What's been the outcome of that? Yeah absolutely. Since that time the road strategy for the far north has been put in place and what that does is place the ownership of the road policing in the actual patrol groups to formulate operations, activities and to get out and target offenders on the roads at the peak times. Clearly because we've got such a diverse district up here it's not a one size fits all and so it's very much up to the officers in charge of those particular areas to make sure that they have got police on the road at the right time targeting the correct offences. Yeah yet again this is another statistic that we should not be proud of but there were 35 drink drivers detected in the far north over the east of the break. There were over 250 life and don't drink offences on the roads detected. So our police are out there just every day trying to enforce the rules but it gets back to the people, back to the drivers to make sure they're doing the right thing in the first place. You know it's not brain surgery at all these are common sense things that we repeat over and over again and that's to slow down, don't get distracted, don't use your mobile phone, have your seat belt on and for goodness sake don't drink and drive.


So, the MKSmart project has been nominated for the Outstanding Research Project Award. The MKSmart was this big consortium funded partly by Hefke and partly by the OU and business contributions all around smart cities where we're taking technology to try and solve urban scale challenges, whether those are through physical infrastructure around energy, transport or social concerns around education and system involvement in smart city governance. So we're currently in a process of great population shifts, so in the 1950s only around 30% of people lived in an urban area. The UN projects that by 2050 it'll be closer to 70%. And that shift in the way that people are living their lives places great strain on city infrastructure, whether that's physical in terms of the electricity grid or the roads that bring you to work. But also on the social and governance infrastructure that holds areas together. Now in conjunction with that shift of population, technology has vastly changed the way that we can collect data in terms of the scale and speed at which we can collect information about the places we live. To bring those two things together to try and solve problems together is a fantastic opportunity to create real change both for the people that live in the city, but also organisations who work around these urban issues. So one of the things we really benefited from an MKSmart was the vast array of partners we had, whether that was from business where we had large organisations including BT and Tec Mahindra, local government including MK Council, other academic partners including Cranfield and Cambridge University, but also our third sector organisation partners such as Community Action MK and the ability to take our research and applies in that diverse set of domains was useful for us from a research perspective, but also allowed those organisations to take our work and work out what value it provided for their organisations.


I'm back. Do we have Ben? Yes, Ben, Nick. Okay, we're all here. Great. Well, so really quickly the clothes we want to just hear from each of the groups with just a quick synopsis of what was discussed and because I'm facilitating I get to choose who goes first this time and it's not me. John, do you want to go first? We had actually decided in your absence that as the last one back you got to go first, but well, we decided that for Paul before and he hasn't had to do it. So my group was talking about community unity and health and it was a really rich conversation. There was I thought we had really good geographic representation of the county. I feel like we had nine or ten towns of Washington County there and we started by talking about some of the challenges and the obstacles and I'm just going to glance down at my notes a little bit to share, but you know some of the issues are around sort of access now and how are we accessing some of the health care needs that we have? It's not as easy as it was, especially for some of the non-urgent needs that folks have in accessing care. There was a fair amount of talk also about primary care and that we just that lack of capacity for primary care is profound and significant and that affects obviously people need primary care, but it also affects other health care providers, mental health providers and others because when you don't have primary care the implications spread throughout the whole health care system. So we talked quite a bit about that and just about the need right now in terms of mental health, the isolation that people are feeling, the difficulty accessing services at this point, particularly in-person and residential care given that people are sort of reducing capacity to comply with safety protocols at a time when frankly the demand is increasing. So those are those are some real real challenges. On to some more positive things and you know what's interesting when you're talking community unity and health is it was the conversation covered some broad territory. We had a select board member talking about Zoom and the fact that they've had greater participation in their community in their select board meetings because they're now on Zoom and they're able to integrate people into those conversations and that that's actually they feel like that's been a positive outcome of this is that people are more participatory in their in their government and we I would say and I'm this is the challenge of going first is I haven't had a chance to sort of make this a cohesive whole. But another thing that we talked a fair bit about was sort of I guess I would use the term matchmaking because one of our participants really made that point and we talked about it in a few different ways. One in terms of the great work that happened in mutual aid groups around central Vermont and the matchmaking that happened there to meet urgent needs that folks have and that those meeting those needs through mutual aid was bridging some divides getting people connected in ways they hadn't been before and the organizations that were coordinating that were getting connected to each other in a way that that hasn't happened before. And actually Bonnie sort of provided the reflection at the end about how do we those new connections that we've made. How do we perpetuate that. How do we sustain that those connections those human connections are so valuable but but when we think about that matchmaking it's beyond just meeting immediate needs and how do we do it in a more sort of holistic way and in a longer time scale and how do we do it not just on a town by town basis but in more of a coordinated way in our state in our in our regions as also a real point of point of discussion and reflection. There was a lot more to it and thank goodness there was someone taking detailed notes because they'll they'll do a better job with summarizing but I think I'll stop there. So thanks Jenna. Okay. Thanks John. Nick do you want to share the rethinking employment and supporting business recovery? Sure. Yeah. So thanks Jenna. As you might imagine from that title art our conversation was broad and far reaching and really fascinating. I think we we wound up in some really interesting places and kept coming back to this idea of the pandemic as a really transformative moment. We all agreed and have all been hearing that we're not we don't want to recover back to where we were but that this opportunity has traumatic in some ways and difficult as it is for many of us is is in and of itself a real opportunity for transformational change. So we we followed the similar structure. Yeah we started thinking about challenges thinking about things that predate the pandemic the ongoing need for workforce development and skills acquisition and and shorter pipelines between schools and workforce and and connecting people to meaningful employment. But then some of the things unique to the pandemic the the different impacts on different sectors on different kinds of employees and the different availability of federal and state and local support. So we from there pretty quickly transitioned into thinking about what the what the dream is and it's not that there's any one articulatable dream. But what what would we like to see in an ideal world. And I think that's where we really started to think about some of the strategies that we're seeing on the ground some of the resources there's clearly a great availability of folks in Washington County working really hard on this. Lots of great programs from Vermont Tech and Capstone continuing education, micro business grants just really glancing at my bullet points here. So we heard about some of those and then we thought thought through ways we could move forward other like big innovative ideas. It's clear that we're in this moment where we really need to seriously reconsider office space. And for many people remote working may become the new normal. And so what does that mean for our downtowns and our brick and mortar retail? So I will also sort of wrap up. I know we're short on time. It was a really amazing conversation. Really want to thank everybody for being a part of it. And yeah, I'll turn it over to you or Ben. Great. Thanks, Nick. Ben, why don't you tell us about the housing and homelessness conversation. Great. Thanks, everybody. I thought we had an excellent conversation. I said this at the end of the conversation. I always feel like when I'm involved in a conversation having to do with housing and listening to people who live that work every day, they're the smartest people in the world because they have to be that the challenges are just so complex and so important. And it was a pretty inspiring conversation to hear about the good work that's being done. And some good ideas to address some of the challenges. And the challenges are many. So some of the ones that we identified, just really starting off with a really great kind of setting of the frame of the conversation was there's a 1% vacancy rate in Central Vermont. And so we're in Washington County. And there's just a real housing shortage, both in number of units, but then units or housing opportunities that are appropriate for different kinds of people. And so that's just obviously a huge challenge in it. It's brought that's the reality because of the development costs, right? I mean, we have lots of regulation in the state often for very good reasons, but it adds to the cost of developing housing and different types of housing. The markets really just not working. In addition to that, there's, you know, the topography of our region is really challenging when we've historically settled in downtown and villages near the river and in the time of climate change is that the best place to be. And we so value our working landscapes and want to preserve that. And yet, how do you strike that balance between them? Another challenge we found was just kind of cultural. You know, that for example, here in Montpelier, there are so many folks that live in large older homes, but that might find themselves one or two people living in a five bedroom home. And yet there's a there's a kind of cultural challenge to the idea of opening up your home to someone to either rent a room or share that house with. And, you know, what's the kind of cultural component there that we can talk about as a community and really think about ways to address. And then, you know, another kind of challenge is just understanding the complexity of the problem, you know, that there's just so many multifaceted issues when it comes to housing folks with unique needs that to really try to get a comprehensive understanding of the challenge can be challenging. And then finally, sorry to focus so much on the challenges. But finally, what's really just the tension between various priorities and values that Vermonters in Washington County have, you know, where they care about climate change. And so but how does, you know, climate change legislation end up impacting the ability to build affordable housing, or we care about historic preservation, what's the tension there between building new units and preserving the kind of historic settlement patterns. And so and then obviously competing economic challenges at the State House where there are obviously a lot of needs in this in this time. But there were, you know, really, I think some fascinating and interesting solutions and strategies that are being employed in Washington County that I think are being replicated and could be replicated. And I think number one, what I heard was, it's all about relationships and collaboration. You know, that we really have some fantastic leadership here in Washington County. And they're collaborating, right, where we've got Downstreet, we've got Capstone, you know, folks like that working together to form comprehensive solutions. Another strategy that was suggested is really just education, education and advocacy, understanding that in many ways, affordable housing has been underfunded for a number of years in our state. And, you know, this has been a long term challenge that we've seen coming. And we need to really recommit ourselves to solving it over the long term. And educating people about the complexity of the problem. And then finally, there's all kinds of opportunities for innovation, you know, that we're in this moment of crisis of this kind of crucible, that is going to spark innovation. And that's things like accessory dwelling units, really taking a look at zoning policies that were developed in the 70s that do not meet the urgency of now, right, things like land banking for housing, we do a great job in this state of preserving land for agricultural use or for recreational use. What about preserving areas for housing? So I think, you know, again, as John said, all this was captured in the copious notes that were taken. But I thought it was a challenging conversation, but also ultimately an inspiring one because there are good ideas and good leaders out there that can move the work forward. So I just want to thank everybody for the opportunity to have the conversation. Thanks, Ben. So really quick summary of the arts, entertainment and recreation conversation. I always enjoy the opportunity to have these conversations because they're always incredibly creative. We think about the arts and entertainment. And this was no exception. Certainly, I think you can all imagine some of the challenges we see with the arts and public entertainment and recreation today and getting together in public spaces. Also shared some communities, some challenges around, you know, virtual fatigue and being online all the time. Communication, things like that. But I think the conversation really quickly shifted to a really beautiful vision for and I love Commissioner Snyder articulated this at the end for how arts and recreation can really be a solution to what we're experiencing today and a way to bring people together to connect our communities and to think about the future in a creative way. And so some vision points around every town in the county having groups working on arts and recreation, communities having a pride of ownership and a sense of place, using arts as a way to know each other better and arts as a central to community life. And certainly some really creative things going on today, but also some ideas around, you know, could we have some socially distanced events that bring people together in new ways? Could we get a better sense of what locations are available to have gatherings and bring people together? A lot of thoughts around like technical support, you know, web services for artists, connecting them to those resources, some ideas around enlisting AmeriCorps members and like an artist core or recreation core to really support the work that's going on. But I'll just say that the biggest themes in the conversation, number one, this is really an opportunity to reimagine and re-engage around the arts and recreation and community. The arts and recreation is a solution, the opportunity to engage youth in the solution for the future and the enormous power of having fun together and bringing breathing life back into our communities. So I think that that's really the summary of that conversation. I just will say briefly in closing and then turn it over to Josh to close. You know, we've had 10 of these conversations so far county to county and I will say everyone is different. But there's certainly there's just some themes that we really see coming up over and over. And I think in the beginning I would have been nervous that those themes would be kind of hopelessness or dismal outlook for the future. But in reality we keep hearing the words innovation and creativity and partnership and opportunity really as the biggest theme coming out of these. So, you know, I thought Paul Costello always says bombillier isn't going to solve the problem, Washington D.C. isn't going to solve the problem. You know it's all about local leadership, community, and every Thursday night I get to sit on these calls and look at these squares on my screen and it's just heartening to see all of you putting yourselves on the line, being here to think about the future, and to think about how we can do some of that creative reimagining that we're all talking about. So really appreciate your participation, appreciate all that you're doing in your county and beyond. And I have hope that we're going to get through this not only to recover but also to be stronger together in Vermont. So thank you all. And Josh, do you want to close? Sure, I'll be real quick, Janet. Thanks everyone for coming out. Thank the facilitators. You know, that's a tough job. All the visiting team members, you know, you've had a long day and to add this to it really appreciate that.  I've heard those same, that same theme, opportunity, innovation, collaboration, every single time. And so, if we can keep that positive view of this and continue to communicate with each other and move this forward, we'll all be better off. And I know there'll be notes coming to everyone that participated and thank all VCRD and the agency staff and everyone that was involved. So really, thanks for coming out. Thanks, Josh. And I just, Nick, can you just, before everyone waves and says goodbye, I did want to just share what we will be doing in that follow-up and I missed that opportunity. But, Nick, do you want to quickly share what people will hear in the next couple weeks? Sure, yeah. So just to jump off what Josh said, there are in fact notes. You guys, I'm sure noticed, fastidious note taker in each session. Thanks again so much to all of those for helping us capture some of these great ideas. Those usually take us a week or so to compile. We have to get them back and then tidy up. So look for an email tomorrow or soon with contact information for everyone who was on the visiting team in case there you have further questions or want to follow up on anything. We also will include a link to a survey. If you had thoughts or reflections that you didn't get a chance to share during the session tonight, that survey is a really good way to capture those. Or if there are other people who maybe couldn't make it to the session who would be interested in providing some input to the governor's team, that's another good resource there. So we'll have, we'll send one quick follow-up very soon and then another in a couple weeks with full notes and thanks to our media partners for working media for helping record this or there should even be some video recordings as well. So that I think is it. All right, well thanks so much everyone. Have a great evening and we'll be in touch soon. Thanks all, be well.