We like to extend our sincerest gratitude, our deep appreciation for all of these amazing presenting sponsors that you see right in front of you on the screen. These are individuals, these are not just individuals, they are companies made up of very dedicated individuals that are here for you.  So go check them out, give them a like and some love, follow them and make sure you stay tuned because every presenting sponsor is on our show on a monthly basis and so they share their tips and expertise of the sector and how it relates to you. So I'm thrilled to be here with you Julia Patrick, CEO of the American Nonprofit Academy and I am Jarrett Ransom, Julia's non-profit nerd, but also your non-profit nerd, CEO of the Raven Group. And today's guest, as I alluded to, I've been following Sarah on many social media platforms, but Sarah Willie joins us and I'm so excited to have you. So I know that I've seen you with like Stephen Shaddock Blumering, I think I've seen you with Heather Burright which has been a guest of us, there's some YNPN Phoenix friends that I know that you're also connected to Sarah, so we are so thrilled to have you today on the non-profit show, welcome. Thank you, I'm so excited to join you all today. Well we are really excited to have you, I have to say I'm personally excited to have you because this has been one of my big things is to really understand the impact of social media as it as it revolves around specifically not just my business, the American Nonprofit Academy, but the non-profit show. And so we wanted to invite you on today to talk about conducting a social media audit. I think too many of us are just trying to do whatever we can to get heard and to get stuff out there and then we don't really have an idea of what it's doing and what the impact is. And so we're really excited to hear you kind of give us some insider tips. So thank you for taking time today. Julia that was a deep sigh when you mentioned social media. There's a lot to take in so I know Sarah's going to help us with that, but I you know I feel that way too and I'm sure many of us have this sigh so maybe we should all just like really this big sigh. I know me too and that was awful. I think I just like revealed my sense of this by that. Okay so why audit ourselves? Sometimes we hear that word audit and it seems negative. I think audits are positive so I think this is like a mind shift. Why should we even do this and maybe talk to us about what it is we're looking for? Yeah I think that the term the word audit can be really scary right?  It could be terrible right? But in this sense I really think that what we're looking at is wanting to have data that we can use to inform our decisions. I am a big big believer in that in all aspects of my life so I work as a fundraising consultant and I'm very interested in having data that I can use to define whether or not what I'm doing is working for my clients and I'm also I'm studying business administration as a doctoral student and so I work with data in other ways frequently now conducting research into the nonprofit sector specifically. So I think when it comes to social media if we have data that can speak to whether or not what we're doing is accomplishing what we want it to do then we can have a much better level of success and we can narrow our focus to what works and not get pulled in so many directions that we end up in that sort of big-sized space where we feel overwhelmed. So that's why data audits are so exciting to me and I think you know they can be done independently within our organizations and it's also something that an expert can come in and help provide so we can talk a little bit more about the different ways to do that but audits are exciting. Yeah I do think they have that scary like word of an audit you know even like you know we're a financial audit for our nonprofits and and you know many organizations are like that's so expensive so you know kind of looking at the word and what it evokes by way of feeling. Exactly it's so interesting I also I have so many questions for you you know first of all yay team on being a doctoral candidate I'm so proud of you we need more people like you doing this type of work and then reflecting it back to the nonprofit sector and so I'm just giving you the yoke to mom's two thumbs up because that's just awesome yeah thank you that's four four thumbs up. So talk to us then a little bit more about this whole concept and what it means to actually conduct an audit I mean what is the process and and I'm assuming are we doing this all the same time for the social media outlets that we might be engaged with are we you know doing Instagram one month and then we're doing you know LinkedIn another month and Facebook or what are your what's your sense on that. Yeah I think that again audit sounds like a sort of one and done thing and I think it goes back to what Jared was saying about board retreats and kind of changing the language in the frame of thinking of that as a process that's ongoing and I think it's the same way with an audit it's not something you do once and put on a shelf and you're done it's something that has to be repeated so that you adjust as new data occurs as you get new trends you know if you change what you're doing based on what one audit says you're going to have to later do another audit to see if it's working how you thought it would so I typically do an audit of all channels whichever channels are relevant for the organization in question once a quarter I think is a good practice and you do all of them at once one big audit and then set new goals that drive you through the next three months and then recheck and do another audit that I think is the best best practice that works really well some do it maybe just twice a year even just once a year depends on how involved and detailed your plans are but I think quarterly is really awesome because it really keeps you on track and it's much easier to set a three month goal than a six or 12 month goal right you know I love what you just said and that's just so super powerful figuring out where you want to be and then going back in and reapprising or reassessing what has transpired with these tweaks or changes and then making adjustments amazing amazing I love it love it love it and again you're saying to do this quarterly I love it as a quarterly practice yes so that you can really keep track of I mean things may be changing external to you so it's good to keep on top of noticing those things affecting you and hopefully you're changing things internally because you're adjusting to what the audit showed you to do and so you need to know whether or not that's taking you the direction you want or if it is having a consequence you didn't envision so what would those adjustments look like I mean are you talking about major changes or are you talking about super minor or just a combination it could be a combination so I think about if you are just getting started this is the first time you've done an audit you might have really big changes that you have to make but if you have been doing this regular process for multiple quarters already then you're probably making little tweaks each time based on what it shows so it can really vary depending on the organization and I think it also depends on like your size right if you are a small nonprofit with one staff person who is doing social media as an add-on to all of their other job duties that maybe have something to do with fundraising or some other aspect of the organization's work then you're probably not going to have a huge robust program maybe the audit is going to help you stop trying to be on every platform and narrow into the ones where your target audience is and if you are an organization with multiple social media strategists maybe you're going to have a much more robust audit and then you're going to have multiple staff members involved in executing various changes and maybe you're on more platforms so it's much more complicated and that's what I was going to ask Sarah is who does the audit so it can be someone within the organization I have done them for organizations where I was employed in the past and in that case it's it's usually been a fairly simple audit where I'm really just looking at for each platformer on I think it's it's helpful to know what are the top maybe three posts each month that really got engagement right because engagement is probably the most valuable thing we can get on social media because it shows that people are actually reading and responding to what we're doing and each time somebody engages in some way it's going to drive it out to more audience and boost you in the algorithm so aside from the things that are sort of harder to measure and have to go off platform for that's the most useful measurement you can look at within the platforms and so I like to see what those are and there's a mixture right of like qualitative and quantitative analysis here so you can look quantitatively right like how many people liked it how many people shared it there's these numbers you can put to it and play and excel with but there's also this qualitative thing where you have to kind of look at okay well what are those and why are they resonating and you have to be a little bit of a detective and say you know is it that people really respond best at a certain time of day is it that people respond best to video versus photo versus some other form of content that you're producing and those tell you a story that you can use to adjust what you post in the future it's interesting you say that I was um we're I'm working with an intern with one of my clients and I was talking to her about my own personal you know business um and engagements I'll say and I see the highest engagement when it's a photo of me which I typically don't like you know it's like I don't want to continuously post photos of me I want to post photos of you know my clients or other people working or something else and she was like well that's interesting because for the organization that she's an intern with it's it's the opposite it's not so much photos of people it is a testimonial or sorry it's more of an inspirational quote that is what's getting the highest engagement with that organization and so it's not I just want to you know kind of share this example because it's not a one-size-fits-all it's not oh you know everybody should put up a photo of someone that'll get the highest engagement well really you got to figure out what it is for your organization yeah that's exactly right I love that example um it really illustrates it well I think that you know in marketing we talk about there's you know if you're if you're trying to speak to everyone then you're not really speaking to anyone right and so this is where we have to be really clear on who is our audience and there's that piece of it that is who is our actual current audience right who's consuming our content in this moment and there's a piece of who do we want to be reaching and hopefully those are aligned if they're not an audit can be a really helpful way to figure out if they're aligned and how to start bringing that into alignment so true and and I have her again as our intern she's doing great work but you know she's narrowed it down to say this platform our message is speaking to our donors this platform we're speaking to our scholarship recipients right and so really knowing who is the audience for the message and what we're asking them to do and that's that's been a lot of fun to watch yeah that's exactly right so I think you know even before you talk about doing an audit those are things that an organization has to grapple with and it sometimes gets lost or forgotten so an audit is going to be most helpful if your organization already knows who your audience is and what you're hoping to have them do what is your goal what does it look like to be successful and I see a lot of organizations that kind of approach this and and go well social media our goal is to get a lot of followers and I think you have to stop and ask yourself well why right because just having followers unless you're really invested in a competition to have the most for some reason like there's there's not a value to your organization it's not going to further your mission just to have followers so you have to ask yourself is it because you want those followers to become donors is it because you want them to become clients and take advantage of whatever your services are is it because you want them to become students at your university because you want them to adopt the pets that you have is that you know thinking about what that mission is are you trying to educate right maybe you're an organization who advocates for some issue and you're hoping to get a lot of followers who want to learn more about an issue that maybe people are less informed about than your organization would like to see and that's part of your mission but if you haven't defined that an audit's not going to tell you if you're accomplishing it because you have to define what that goal is before the audit can help you assess your success that is such strong wisdom and I think a lot of us in the nonprofit sector we don't take the time to do that and I'm wondering to your point Sarah will an audit help us determine what it is we should be tracking or is it it really is are you advocating that we need to kind of come up with these you know silos or buckets of information engagement profiles if you will before we move in that direction I don't think you have to have a big detailed plan before engaging in an audit but I think that you have to at the very base be able to say our primary goal is to attract donors our primary goal is to attract program recipients our primary goal is to educate whatever that is there's not a right or wrong answer but you need to at least have that piece and then the audit could help you start to refine exactly who is that audience then when you say you want a donor right now who's donating based on your social media or who is there that could become a donor that's engaging with your social media so that you can start to plan your fundraising tactics to reach those people that you've identified or following you you know is it predominantly people of a certain gender in a certain location or who have certain other there's all kinds of interesting things that exist in the data that you can research and find out you know who's following you what age are they do they have children do that you know what are these different pieces of their life that knowing will help you better target your messaging if you're trying to convert them into donors so yeah social media is such a conundrum like it is one of the things that I say probably already today there's been changes in the algorithm changes in the way it looks like it is a constant change you know it's just platforms of change and you know there's there's TikTok they were snapped still just Snapchat right but there's so many different platforms and I'm going to ask you and this is probably a golden ticket question right how many platforms should we be on thank you Jared thank you that was in my head to ask it's the elephant in the room like how many should we really be on because if we're auditing and we're seeing that there's some really rising to the top and some that are just dead in the water like how much energy and effort should we put into these platforms yeah so I'm going to give my favorite answer and I think it plays to today's theme it depends right I know that's the answer we don't want we want to clear yes no give me this number but it does depend when I was a director of development in a small shop and I was overseeing communications and basically anything that wasn't program work I couldn't have been on every single platform because I had other work I also had to do and so for that organization I think I was on three technically we had four but really one of them I didn't do much with so we had three that we were actually active with and that was because I kept conducting an audit and assessing okay well where do people actually interact with us we think we want to be on Twitter because that's where a lot of people are and then we get there and we realize that maybe our audience isn't there so maybe we step back and stop spending capacity there because there's lots of other things your staff person can spend time doing that aren't social media that are going to have value on the other hand I think that there are some organizations that probably can play with things like TikTok that are newer because they have the staff capacity they have that built in and because they actually have an audience there and a reason to be there so it really I mean an audit can help a lot and I think that's one of the reasons it can be helpful to have an external person help you with an audit because somebody who's not as close to it can really look at is the ROI there because I think when we're close to it and it's our own organization well maybe I really enjoy doing that part of my job and I don't really want to give it up or vice versa maybe I kind of hate that part of my job and I would rather be doing something else and it kind of colors how we look at that data and effects the decisions we want to make so having that external person come in can help with really saying well what actually makes the most sense if we take those emotions out of it because that external person is not invested in the same way. Sarah let me ask you this and this is like a two-part question one is how quickly should we be in the nonprofit sector early adopters you know is that something that we should think about and then the other thing is it seems to me that we are seeing more and more of our work with what we perceive as our corporate partners from vendors to board members all of that moving towards LinkedIn and really using that to help broaden that exposure and so I'm kind of curious as to what your comments are about those two things and they're somewhat related in terms of being an early adopter but I'm just curious what your thoughts are on that. So I think in terms of early adoption what I noticed with the nonprofit sector is that many times we struggle to get the tried and true things right we struggle to maintain the basics right and so I would say for an organization that has not yet perfected the basics it's probably not a good idea to try to early adopt new things for an organization that's already doing really well with those basic things and has the extra capacity it can be really fun to go out and try early adoption and see if it's there I think that that has to be explored again with a clear goal and intention in mind and a way to measure whether or not it's successful because it can be hard to let go once you started to dive into something and you have to know when to pull back and say okay that was a shiny new object I don't need to keep following versus okay this is actually really working and building to whatever your next step is using that new tool or adopting that new opportunity. So let's see you had a second part to that question. Well LinkedIn I'm kind of curious I mean LinkedIn is certainly not I mean it's a going Jesse it's nothing that is you know an early adoption of any capacity but what I see it changing it seems like that our nonprofits are really using that to embolden their relationships with corporate sponsors with with numbers yeah board members and so you know kind of changing how that platform is working and I'm wondering if you're seeing that as well. Yeah so I think you know LinkedIn is a really interesting platform because there's more of a culture to it I think than other platforms you know I think when you go to a Facebook or a Twitter there's subcultures right and you choose sort of which parties you're part of and which rooms you're entering but with LinkedIn it's already sort of this business space it has more of a defined focus for the whole platform and so I think you know it depends on your organization right there are some organizations that need to just completely ignore LinkedIn because it's not their space but if you have an organization where you have board members or professional volunteers or a lot of corporate relations this is a place where people are kind of wearing that professional hat and hanging out and having conversations and if you're engaging with them in a way that speaks to that professional part of their lives then that could be a really great place to be and I actually think you can get the best value there through your employees personal LinkedIn accounts then through your organization's brand account so an audit can help tease that out and different organizations have a different comfort level with that but we know that fundraising is about relationships and we know that whoever our staff members are are serving in those roles are the ones that are stewarding and building those relationships and so I think it makes sense sometimes to do that on social media and I think LinkedIn is a comfortable place to approach that because LinkedIn is so sort of professionally based it doesn't and you don't enter into the same sorts of conflicts there that you might if you were having a conversation about whether or not your personal profile should be associated with your organization on Facebook or Twitter where you have to think about privacy for your family because you're sharing that platform with those relationships and you have to think about political views that you know maybe you want to express personally on those platforms that maybe you don't want to as a representative of your organization but LinkedIn's great because we tend not to do those things on that platform anyway so it tends to be a place where it can be comfortable for everybody involved to do that and so I think really building those relationships one-on-one as yourself as a representative of your organization can be really fruitful. Yeah in the board members you know that's a great space for the board members to be actively engaged as an advocate of the organization. Yeah you mentioned about you know not so personal on LinkedIn and I love it when someone does dive into that personal side on LinkedIn and inevitably someone will say not for this platform share it share it elsewhere and it's like oh people are just so quick to to jump in. Yeah I'm a big fan of bringing our whole selves to whatever we do and I think there's a way to do that that keeps it professional right. We don't only talk business we share we show pictures of our kids you know it used to be in the wallet now it's on the cell phone but you know we we talk about things that are personal to us sometimes we even talk about politics and stuff like that and yet the way we talk about it might be different than how we might type it on Twitter right we can do that in a way that is respectful and you know keeps a professional spin to it and some boundaries that we're comfortable with around it and yet I don't think that we have to be so buttoned up that we pretend we don't have a life outside of what we do for a living. I'm a big advocate for a blend like if you've watched any of our you know heard me talk about like I don't believe in a work-life balance I believe for me what resonates is a work-life blend but I'm not going to post photos of my you know wonderful mimosa brunch on LinkedIn you can follow me on Insta for that you know but I might share something about you know my son and I where we're traveling because that's a big piece of why I do what I do to provide the life and you know the experiences for my family so as an entrepreneur you might see a little bit of snippets of my personal life on LinkedIn but yeah I agree with you Sarah that blend is nice. Absolutely well it's hard to believe our time is drawing you know to a close and this was a great way to start the Monday I think of this week because you know so many of us when we look I mean maybe I'm speaking for myself but we look at social media we're always like okay Monday we're gonna you know do this or we're gonna recommit or whatever and so it was really good to hear about this so I'm super appreciative Sarah to have you and Julia this is the end I just realized during the very March end of Q1 so looking at that next audit you know if you're doing this quarterly per Sarah then you know you're looking at doing this soon. Yeah I loved it and I would have never guessed that that was you know the cadence with which we should be doing this but I think it's brilliant again I'm Julia Patrick CEO of the American Non-profit Academy I've been joined by the non-profit nerd herself Jarrett Ransom and Jarrett we missed you on Friday but we are glad that you are back here today. Happy to be here. Sarah you are a rock star and I love all the things that you've had to say I think we need to touch base with you again and and keep getting your feedback because it's really helped so many of us today super exciting hey everybody we're really excited we have launched something that I've wanted to do oh my goodness forever in a day. The number was for you to do that yeah say that again. It's the day you said forever in a day and so today is the day. Well I'm a nerd so I love books I'm not like a nerd like Jarrett but I'm kind of I should say I'm more of a geek I love books and I I'm always thinking about them and going back to them and so we now have a page on the American Non-profit Academy website that's just a resource page for books a lot of these books you will recognize we've had these authors on the non-profit show to talk about their books but it's just a one-stop kind of opportunity to figure out what the thought leaders are saying about our sector so check that out again we want to thank our wonderful wonderful sponsors without you we would not be here okay this has been just a great great thing we're so appreciative Sarah that you would come on and talk to us and like I said this is where we need to be we need to be listening and engaging with our donors and our partners and our clients and so I just loved what you had to say and and I can tell you it's impacted me in the way we're going to be looking at some of the things that we're doing so thank you so much as we end every show we like to remind everyone to stay well so you can do well


expera turnaround the fashion centre and all the students and on my own behalf  LGBT school回 the meeting  і μέχρι  manera of making a contribution  ѕ Bulgara니까 bricks of another school ѵ  photo of the t-shirt ormal ta P bou leopard īta b Кто symbolic  Ừ. . Ps it t Servin n . I fell bande �가ane 竜  Wonderful. galaxies is negative business I have never experienced this type of charity work, and you have done it, and I just want to say that it will be thank you to you. Aunty Trudiv, she is supporting me to do this huge work for humanity. We are very grateful. On behalf of the community centre, and we have a family, we want to present this small computer. We turn the music to you by this time. Whenever you pray, continue praying for me. I would love to do more things with you. No, I would definitely not forget you. I will never be coming back. This guy is always with me. Of course, you showed this the lens. It's showing me now. You guys see me, and I want to turn it to you. And it's not your turn. You are the engineer, you should pardon him. He has nothing to do with coming. Because of the work you are doing, I think that when I leave, there might be some people who continue this tradition of living life for other people. I have discussed with them. I have decided to give you five acres of that land. Good afternoon to you all. How are you doing? I hope you guys are doing fine. But I am not okay. Today is the day that I really don't feel like vlogging. I don't know about you. Do you sometimes feel like not going out to work? Because I'm really not in the mood. But I have to do this. Because I have a limited time in Ghana. And I promise some people, I pledge to some people that I want to do stuff for them as part of my year of charity. I don't know if you guys watch my video in the water region of the woman who is training young female on how to sew clothes. Yes. I promise that I'm going to buy her five sewing machines. And I believe that after buying that sewing machine, it's going to inspire each and every one of you to join the course. Let's do 100. I'm a man of integrity. So I'm here to honour my promise. So I decided to come and buy her the machines and take it to the water region. So we currently in Makwala market. And let me take you guys outside. This is where we find the stuff. I don't know. Anytime you come out with a camera, everybody will be like, what is you doing man? We are here now. This is the money. I just need to go do the payment so that I will be able to get the machine. Then pack the machine into the car and take it to the water region. Hi. How are you doing? You're good. I just have to pay here. It's not okay with a camera. So I need to just show myself and then just so this is the money for the five machines. Five sewing machines. Five sewing machines. All right. So who's gonna pack it for us? Yeah, they're bringing it out. They're bringing it out. It's packing. It's packing. Okay. They're bringing all of them out. They're going to count the money. Yeah, you want to count the money. That's a lot of money that you want to count. Yeah. One, two, three. That's so fast, man.  It took the money to help us pack it. I got to help us pack it. Wow. Thank you. The receipt is well packaged. Did you put money again inside there? No money. I already close it. You already close it. It closed for receipt, man. I already called the receipt. It closed for receipt, yeah. Now it's time to go and pack the things, yeah. So you guys saw the boxes that we packed into the car, right? This is actually going to be the finished product. This is how it is. Are you Jack Espect? Yeah. Yeah, you're the one who assembles the Jack machines. You've been to China before? No, no. You've never been to China? Yeah, this is Ghana technology. Ghana technology. Yeah. You get it from, they bring from China and you arrange it. Yeah. He didn't go to China. You can speak Chinese, man. Chinese? You can speak Chinese, man. He can't speak Chinese. He can't speak Chinese. He can't speak Chinese. I'm going to speak Chinese again. He can't understand. He can't understand. He can't understand. He can't understand. I am mine. I am mine. Okay. So how long have you been arranging this? Assembling this? When I started, I just do 25 minutes. 25 minutes? Yeah. Wow. 20 minutes, yeah. Good evening, it's 7 o'clock and we are still outside trying to figure out how we're going to send the machines from Accra to Hoh, which is the capital city of the Wota region. Because our car that we're going with is too small to carry all the machines because I need to come along with my camera guy. So currently at the station, you see the truck over there. This truck, big truck right there. It's a truck that is going to carry the machines to the Wota region. So we're here to offload the machines from our car into this truck. Man, I'm super tired. I don't know, I have headache. I have a bit of headache. So I'm just going to be out here for around 30 to 40 minutes. And then I will head back home just to rest. And two days later, we just head to the Wota region. The job that we're doing is not easy. And this is why I hope each and every one of you will understand and support us in any way that you can. You can like the video in the way of supporting us. You can also share the video in the way of supporting us. But you can also support us financially so that we can do more of what we're doing. We have a Patreon page. We have Patreon. We have everything that you can be part of this movement. Don't just look at us for us to do it all by ourselves. We are all Africans. Let's do this together, man. I'll be so happy if some of you can support this woman. I'll be so happy if you guys can support even for us for our cast on this journey. We'll be very grateful, man. So I just want to say I'm tired and I'm going to see you all when we are on our way to the Wota region. Thank you so much for watching. See you soon. Bye. Good morning. It's 5.30 Saturday morning and we are on our way to Wota region. You never saw the previous episode. Two months ago, I came to the Wota region and all I came in here to do was to explore and show the beauty of this region to the world. So I decided to work as an interviewee entrepreneur in this region. And that is how I found Gamet Technology Center. I mean, the woman in here was trained locally and she decided to use her local experience to do work and power over 250 young women, which I think is something incredible. Listen, I declared this year as a year of charity. And I always want to do stuff so that it can inspire you for you also to go out there and be part of the chain that we are all looking for. When I found out she was training young women, I was touched out of nowhere. I said, can I give you five machines from my own pocket? Listen, when I said that that day, I didn't even have a dollar in my bank account. The major challenge is finance. For example, I intended expanding this place. So that I can train more students. But finance is the problem. I need to buy more machines and I need a bigger place where other students can also stay there and other people will be teaching there.  But the challenge is finance. How much does it cost to set up one machine? One machine is almost 1,700 ganas in this. Okay, so I'm setting up five machines for you, which means you need to have five extra students. That will be my student, yeah. But whatever comes out of my mouth, God knows that it's coming from a pure heart. So even if I don't have money, God will provide and make sure that this guy will have money to what honor his promise. So we are here to honor that promise and I told you guys that I don't want to do this alone. I'm just going to do it. So if it inspires you, join hands. Let's do this together, man. You know what I'm saying? I don't want to talk too much. Come with me. Let's just go and give them the machines and yeah, I will go to other places and enjoy the beautiful city tonight. Thank you. Mori. Hello. Two months ago, I visited you and I just want to say thank you so much for being amazing. Thank you so much for empowering this beautiful young ladies behind us and I know and believe that this will go a long way, yeah. I promise you that personally I'm going to get you five sewing machines and after two months, I just came to honor that and I believe that what happened after the video though? After the video, the course was just amazing. They were calling me here and there congratulating me that they have seen my video. So we were just happy about how you came here and after that two people even called me and they bought me two machines. Really? Yes. Mr. Francis Opoku and Mr. Boateng Kofi Ajina they bought me one machine each industrial sewing machine and you promised me that you will be buying us five machines. Wonderful. Today you brought them and all they are seven industrial sewing machines which are here presented to the fashion center. We are very very grateful. For me, I just want us to clap for the two brothers. Yes. Are they in Ghana? No, they are in the US. They are in the US. A big round of applause to our brothers for supporting this. And I told you guys that we can do better. I think maybe you never saw the previous episode or you thought I was just joking. I am here myself and listen, I have honored my promise and I just want you guys to do this together. So which means we are going to have seven more students. Yes. So how many students do you think we should add more? Because for me, I just want to see you train more women. Yes. We need more students. Exactly. Because we have more machines. We need more students to come and learn because more machines will acquire will have to bring more students to use the machines. Exactly. So we don't have a problem with the number of students that will come. So if I have done it, let this inspire you for you to do the same. So I am just going to put the numbers again and if this video touches your heart, help me. I mean, this is the year of charity.  So if I am here myself, you know that I have done it. Yes. So you can also do it too. You really did it. You really did it. We are so grateful. We want to use the opportunity on behalf of the fashion center and all the students on my own behalf we want to thank you very much to you and the two other people who send their money to you. So that we buy the two machines in addition to the five that you bought for us making seven. We are so grateful. You said thank you very much. This thing will help us to train more girls to acquire fashion and designing and become their fashion designers. We thank you very much. First of all, what is your final message to us? My final message to the whole world is fashion and designing is a very good skill. So I would like everyone to be enrolled in a fashion school so that we all be our own bosses one day. That's a lesson. And Barolika, do you want to say something? Yeah, I really want to thank you guys for the help you have offered us and then through the first video we've been able to get other students from various places and we are very grateful for everything. Oh, you still go to them after the video? Yes. Who will go to them from the video? Ah, hi. Wow. You know, hi. Come closer. Wow. I didn't know. So after the video, that's how you came? Yes. So you are my student? Yes. How do you feel being here? I feel better. Oh, wow. And very amazing. Okay. Being here. Are you also from the Vota region? No, please. I'm from Greater Accra. So you came all the way from Accra? Yes, please. Yes. A big round of applause, man. Now you're staying in the Vota region. Yes. You need to learn some ever. Yes. What do you know now? Yes, the monk saw the video and called me. Okay. After discussing about the place, then she told me that she will be sending her daughter to come and apply the spray from the fire in this center. And she came. Enjoy your stay. Thank you. And I'll come back again to see how you're doing. And then how many months now? Even here? Two weeks. Okay. So in two months time I'll be back? Yes. Alright. You're always welcome. Thank you. I hope you guys enjoy this amazing episode. This is what I always tell you guys, man. Whatever you can do to put smiles on people's faces, do it. Alright. I'm a living test money. So I just want to tell you guys, thank you so much for watching. I'm going to see you in the next one. Don't forget to like the video, share and subscribe. By the name is still the Awan and Oli annoying village boy from Ghana. See you in the next one. Bye.


Jadi, bagaimana jika kamu mempunyai Gap National for a WeBag? Tak ada yang beritahu saya. Tak ada yang beritahu saya. Saya rasa apapun yang beritahu saya ini adalah bagaimu. Jadi, dia sebenarnya akan bercakap tentangnya. Okey. Okey. Jadi, just a introduction. In case of you are not aware about Singapore's history. Ya. Ya. Ya, so you never know. Okey, so. Okey, so we get independence from nature in 9 August. Okey, so we recently celebrated our 50th birthday. And then this event was held at the New York National Stadium. 40 million. Ya, so you can say National Stadium actually is indoor stadium here. Okey, so as we like Singaporean style, there's always goody packs. When it comes to the National Day parade. So I went to the preview, not actual one. So the preview is actually a real song. So it was held on 30 July. So inside this bag, actually this LED wristband, which I'm passing around now. Okey, so I just show you a quick video of how this band actually works. Okey, so this is the event here. So you can see the band, sorry, the band blinks. Now it blinks yellow. So actually, how this band, the colour changes actually. Sorry. Okey, so the colour depends on the segment of the event. So maybe now it's yellow. Then another segment it blinks green and blue and so on. Okey, I'll show you another video. Okey, so you see now the colour. Ya, it's this colour. So it changes to blue. Okey, so it changes to many colours throughout the event. Okey, so of course I'm curious to how this thing works. So I went online and I searched. Then I found out that this band was actually made by this company, CopicsMod. There are actually 2 products here. The first product is called the professional one. It runs on infrat. So this is made for 1,500 to 150,000 attendees. The second product is actually for a much-follow number, 1,500 attendees. So since the National Stadium is about 55,000 in terms of capacity, so it definitely has to be the first one, the infrat one. So you can see from the picture here, it's not very clear. So how this works is that there are actually many infrat emitters around the stadium. So at a certain time, they'll broadcast a certain code and then the band will pick up the code and then you display the colour of that choice. Okey, so I'll put in. Ya, I told ah. So these are the components. So I'll just go through them. The first one here, IR, this is actually an IR receiver here. So this is how the band receives instructions from the organisers. Which one is it? Ya. Which one is? Sorry, which model? I'm not sure which model is it. I need to return that. Okey. So then they have RGB LED. Ya. Then in terms of the brains of this device, actually this, sorry, here. IC2, AirBolf, Fire Controller, it's made by a current company. Ya. This one. Then surprisingly, there's actually an EE from chip here. So actually they are made a lot of misconception. People think this is a voltage regulator. But actually it's not. Because I googled the inscription there, actually this one. So of course surprising they have a memory chip there. Okey. So then on the back, there's actually a single XT as serameter. So at the end of the event, you can actually shake the band. When I shake the event, ya, it blinks red. Then ya, the battery is a CR2032. Over there. Okey. So I decide to think further. So I just use my multimeter. And then now, I can make it change to different lights. Ya. Just set the correct points. To get the different voltage drops. Okey. So the simple one. The hard one is this one. So actually, I actually use the multimeter. Ya. I set all the connections. So I drew this out with hi-cat. Ya. Okey. So the single XT serameter is here. The battery folder is here. Inflat is here. And the RGBRD is here. Okey. For the microcontroller is this one. And the memory chip is this one here. Okey. So after I drew this out, then ya. So I just begin to wonder. Ya. There are actually Sdata-Sdk. Sdata-Sdk is here. These two. So I've read how they programmed the microcontroller initially. Then, there are two resistors R2 and R6. I'm not sure what this is for. They connect the VCC between like that. Ya. I don't know. Then, the surprising thing is that this memory chip EEPROM here, it uses i-square-C bus to communicate with the microcontroller. But this microcontroller does not have hardware i-square-C. So this means it bang i-square-C bus here. Very interesting. Then for the memory chip, it's WP-PIN. WP-PIN stands for Ride Protection Is Set to Ground. So I look up the data sheet it means Ride Protection Disabled. Which means actually this chip can ride something to build. Ya. So of course I was not satisfied with it. So I wanted to actually use this band. Okey. So the first thing is I end TV remotes at it. So maybe I can get it to blink other colours. I can't work. Okey.  But the thing is I don't have the tools for this. So this option is out. The third way is maybe I can force the R code combination. So actually I created these two here. I'll pass this around. Here. So this is actually a micro-view. Ya. So what it has here. Okey. So this micro-view is based on the 80 mega-328p. Same as Abino will know. Where it is screen. There's an IR LED here. This one. So this will send IR commands to the band. And then there's a photo cell. Okey. So what this photo cell does is that let's say if you send the correct combination the photo cell can detect this band light up and then you tell the Abino here. Okey. I found the correct one. Okey. But this actually I couldn't do it. Because ya there's simply too many codes to prove for us really. Possibly trillions. So it's actually okay. Ya. So potential maybe once I get the proper tools I can dump the wrong or another way is probably you can get fix all to like open source what is the R protocol. But so far they did not do it. Ya. So yes that's all from my learning talk. Any questions? Passions? Anyone? No one? Okay. Great. Thank you. Ya. Yes. Sorry. Supposedly they rewrite the code to behave differently. Ya. Possibly they send an IR code at the end. Ya. And then we have firmware too. Ya. Possibly. Ya. Ya. So next year we have to record actually the message there. So next year I'll record there to the investor. I'll record the concern. Ya. Actually it's not feasible to do that. Because there's a lot of security cards there so we're going to make the other person who can make the video. Okay. This is the last one, right? Okay. Alright. So thanks, Kingman. Ken. Ken. Ken. Ken. Ken. Ken. Ken. Ken. Ken.


If you did, I'll see that you hang. Well, good morning, Miss Wong. Miss Paladin, on matter of great importance. Well, you look disturbed. Miss Paladin, you talked to Lady for Miss Wong? Well, what Lady? She's very sick and now has great trouble. Could you see her please? Miss Wong already tell her you will come. If you think I should. Oh, very good. Come, please. Miss Wong, who is this Lady? She's guest in hotel. Doctor come to her every day. She's very sick in bed. No, she's very sad. You see. In here, please. Paladin, I told you he would come. Thank you, dear. Miss Paladin. Miss Mrs. Thomas. How do you do? Miss Wong says you'd like to talk to me. Yes. Won't you have a seat, Mr. Paladin? Thank you. Miss Wong, let's go now. Miss Wong, I appreciate you bringing Mr. Paladin to see me. Thank you so much. Very welcome. Good morning. Mr. Paladin. I'm Mrs. Clell Thomas. I've been under a doctor's care here in the hotel for several days. This morning, I received this telegram. It explains why I want to see you. You may read it. Here. I'm holding Clell for murder of Bill Watkins. You should come home as soon as possible. Clell does not know I'm telegraphing you. Signed Sheriff Miller. Clell, your husband? Yes. Mr. Paladin, I don't know what this is all about. You want me to take you home, is that it? No. No, I've been ill and I couldn't possibly travel now. We live in Wyricka. I want you to go there for me. I'll pay you $1,000. A thousand? Why? What can I do? Prove that my husband didn't commit murder. Will you do it? What makes you think he didn't, Mrs. Thomas? A woman knows her husband. Clell is strong, impulsive, but Mr. Paladin, he wouldn't commit murder. A mistake is being made. Please. All right, I'll do what I can. On CBS Radio's Red Header Day, as the Red Head, Arthur Godfrey, returns to lead the parade of merriment and music on Arthur Godfrey time. Millions who have missed him during his convalescence are invited to tune in tomorrow to welcome him back. But Arthur's not the only reason tomorrow's going to be a big day on CBS Radio. That genial gentleman, Gary Moore, is coming back on CBS Radio with his own brand new daytime show. Starting tomorrow, you can enjoy the unique Gary Moore brand of blandishment five days a week, Monday through Friday. Arthur Godfrey and Gary Moore join house party with Art Linkletter. Just entertainment with Pat Butler. Funny side up with Burt Parks, Hermione Gingold, Kenny Delmar and Parker Fennelly. And the rest of the CBS Radio Best Daytimes. Tomorrow's the day Arthur Godfrey returns and Gary Moore starts his new show. Don't miss them. Wairika, California was a long ride north from San Francisco through valleys of golden wheat and tall Timothy. I spent half a day in the shadow of Mount Shasta and then beyond into the mountains. But I finally came to a bustling town of placer miners and leather-tongued bullwhackers. I pulled up at a hitch rail near the jail. We've got room for two horses here. Get over here. Hey, Henry. Someone's pushing your horse around. Yeah, stranger. Settle down, boys. Hey, you. Yeah, I can hear without your allering if you're talking to me. Teach him something. Hey, mister, that's my horse you kicked. That's a boy, Henry. I didn't kick that horse. Nobody touches my horse.  You've had a little too much to drink, mister. Now put that knife away.  No. No, no, listen, I warned you, keep back. I don't want to hurt you now, son. Come on. I told you.  You're his friend.  You didn't need to hit him so hard. I'll tell you what happened, Sheriff Hunt.  Yeah, I see that. This man did it. He came at me with a knife, Sheriff. Don't listen to him, Sheriff. This stranger Ronin started kicking Henry's horse around and then he jumped Henry. Oh, he did, did he? Henry was only trying to protect himself. We don't cotton with troublemakers in this town, mister. What brings you here anyway? I didn't start the trouble. I came here to see a man named Clell Thomas. You'll see him real soon, like he's in the same cell that you're going to. Where's Thomas today when he wakes up? Thomas. Is he in relation to Clell Thomas? Yeah, his son. Now start walking. What's your name, mister? Paladin. You can hand over that gun, Paladin. It'll be real safe with me till you get out of jail. I guess I have no choice. Here. You say I'd be in the same cell as Mr. Thomas? That's right. I'm making it real convenient for you to talk to him. Brought you some company, Clell. Now you'll have someone to swear at besides me. Fine. Come on, get in there. Jeb. What's the doctor say about Judge Baker? He says he's well enough to hold a bail hearing. It's about time. I've been waiting a week. When is it? This afternoon. Not the judge's ranch. Doc won't let him come to town. Does the judge know I want the city council sitting as grand jury? He knows. He'll be there. Then it ought to come off just fine. Clell, this man I've arrested is named Paladin. He said he wants to talk to you. Yeah? What about? Your wife sent me. Mary? Where'd you see Mary? San Francisco. How is she? She's better, but she won't be able to travel for a few days. Oh. Well, there's one consolation. All this will be over with before she knows about it. She knows about it now? She does. Someone... someone sent her a telegram? Clell, maybe I better get this man out of here.  Who sent her a telegram, Paladin? She didn't tell me who it was. Why did she send you?  Jeb, why'd you arrest this man? He beat up on Henry. Henry? Is he all right? He's all right, Clell. Don't worry. Mister, you stay away from my son. You'll have to answer to me. And you better teach him some manners. Jeb, I want this man out of here. Sure, Clell. I'll turn him loose if you say so. And you, Paladin, I want you out of town in an hour.  My wife doesn't run my affairs, Paladin. I do. And I don't need you or anybody else to keep me from the short end of a rope. I'll get out of this in my own way. Winston tastes good like a cigarette should because...    A Winston secret. You get Winston's own pure white modern filter plus the rich, delightful flavor of fine tobacco.  Winston tastes good like a cigarette should. Sheriff Miller was more than willing to go along with Clell's demand so I was released from jail. I hadn't learned very much about the murder charge placed against Clell Thomas but I knew the local saloon would be a good place to hear the latest gossip. As it turned out, the saloon was owned by a girl named Sally Morgan an old friend of mine from San Francisco. She had owned a place on the Barbaric Coast until the politicians decided they'd help her spend the profits so she just closed up and dropped out of sight. It was good to see her so Clell threw you out of jail. Yeah. Sheriff Miller doesn't seem to have much to say when it comes to Clell's demands. Well, they're good friends. Clell's a big important man in his town. He gets whatever he wants. Oh, does that mean he wants to be in jail? I think he does.  He'll get out on bail as soon as they have a hearing. In the meantime, it looks good like Sheriff Miller is doing his duty.  Yeah, what's the money with that boy?  Henry's a weakling. Clell sticks up for him no matter what. I fixed Henry though. Well, one thing Clell doesn't hold with is gambling. Henry owed me a heap of losses so I threatened to tell his dad if he didn't pay up. What did he ever pay? Oh, he sure did. $3,500. $3,500? Does the boy have that kind of money? No, but Clell's got plenty. Henry probably cooked up some story. Tell me about the murder, Sally. Well, next to Clell, Bill Watkins was the biggest cattleman around here. Last week, he and Clell got into an argument over a broken fence between their spreads and almost shot each other on the spot. Next day, Watkins was found in his house, shot in the back. People figure Clell took care of Watkins the easy way. They'd had trouble before. Do you think Clell did it? Well, I never thought he'd shoot anybody in the back, but everybody says he must have. That day, somebody saw his horse tied up outside of Watkins' house. Well, how long are you going to be in town, Paladin? Oh, I don't know. Clell's wife hired me to prove he didn't commit murder. No, I'll stand till I find out who did. You know, Paladin, the only thing I can't figure out is why Clell doesn't want you to help clear him. I can't either, unless he... Sally, you said Mr. Watkins was shot in his home. That's right. Is anyone there now? No. He lived alone since his wife died. Why? I'd like to have a look around the house. Well, it's locked up. Sheriff Miller has the keys, but I bet he'd take you out there if I were to ask him to. Would you mind? Not for an old friend like you, Paladin.  It's for Sally and also for Mrs. Thomas, if you define woman. I'm sure she is. And Clell now, he's one of my best friends, no matter what he done. He wouldn't like me showing you around here, though. Sheriff, where was Watkins killed? In his very room.  I figure he was reaching for his rifle when he was shot. Where does this door lead to? Closet. What are you doing that for? Ain't nothing in there. What are you hoping to find, Paladin? I'm not sure. And you won't find nothing. I left this place over real good. Maybe not. What's this? Just a loose floorboard. That don't mean nothing, does it? Maybe not. Hey.  Yeah. Look here. Well, I'll be. A cedar wood platform built under that floor. You think it's got something to do with the killing, Paladin? Sheriff, did Mr. Watkins bank his money in Wyrica? Well, I wouldn't know about that. You're thinking he kept it here and somebody stole it from him? Paladin. Come on, let's get back to town. At the bank, I learned that Mr. Watkins was considered something of a miser. He would make deposits of nearly $10,000 twice a year. When he was killed, he hadn't been in for five months. I went to the jail and found that the sheriff had taken Clell out to Judge Baker's ranch for the bail hearing. By the time I got there, it was almost dark and the hearing was over. The ailing judge was in his study and he didn't even see them. Well, sit down, Paladin. Thank you, sir. Clell's gone back to town to celebrate. The jury let him out on bail. Yeah, I figured they wouldn't. What's your business, Paladin? Judge, do you think Clell Thomas would steal? No, no, he wouldn't do that. Why would he? He's got as much money as any man needs. Clell wouldn't steal. But I do think he's capable of murder. Well, I have reason to believe that you think so. I found where Mr. Watkins had hidden a large sum of money. He was gone. What's going on outside? I don't see it. Two men are herding cattle into your pasture. Well, why? I didn't order that done. Judge, that's a stampede. Well, how can it be cattle don't stampede in their own background? They're out of control. I don't know, Judge, but I'll find out for you. Outside, I mounted my horse and raced down to the pasture. To help, one of the men did a foolish thing. He went to the point of the herd and tried to stop them. His horse tripped and he went down. I managed to get my horse into position to prevent some of the herd from passing over to him. It was then I realized that the man on the ground was Henry Thomas. The best I could do was make him comfortable. His friend, Jug, came up and stood nearby. Is he hurt bad? Yeah, I'm afraid so.  Henry. Henry. You're...   Yes. I'm... I'm dying, ain't I? No, you just... Just rest easy. Till I... Till now, I'm sorry. A paladin... Yes? Don't let him hang, Pa. It was me. I killed Watkins. I... I needed the money. You still... I'm here, Henry. I can't see you no more. I... I can't see nothing. Is he dead? He's dead. Jug. This herd of cattle, why were you bringing them here? It was a bribe. 50 head. His old man told Henry to do it. So that was his way to influence the judge at the murder trial. Judge didn't know about it. Jug. You heard what Henry said before he died. Yeah. If you had to testify in court, what would you say? I guess I'd have to tell it the way I heard it. Well, you just be sure you remember that. All right, here, give me a hand. I better take Henry back to his father. Well, it's Henry. Told you to stay away from him. That's Henry across my horse. What? He's dead.  You listen to me, Clell.  Clell, stop. The only boy I got and you killed him. I didn't. Clell, I warned you. Let me go. Clell, you listen to me. You killed Henry. If anybody killed him, you did. The cattle you were sending to Judge Baker stampeded. Henry tried to stop them. No, Paladin. Don't say that. Don't say it. It was him. He took my horse that day. I was trying to help him. Protect him. That's what a father's for. Is it? I was going to let people think I did it. They'd never have convicted me. Maybe not. Clell, I'll help you with your boy. No, no. I'll take care of him. I'll take care of Henry. It's a paladin.  Did you tell Missy Thomas? Yes, I told her. Yes, she's very sad now. Yes, yes she is. I'm afraid that I had to leave when she started to cry. Miss Wong is with her now. Oh, yes, Miss Wong will be very understanding. You have dinner yet? No, I thought I'd go for a walk first. Will you please to follow, hey boy? Hey boy, I... Excuse me? All right. My own room? Who is to enter? All right. Missa Paladin's dinner all prepared. Much better here. Hey boy, what a surprise. Did you go to all this trouble? Oh, not much trouble. Chef cook your favorite dinner for me. Crab meat souffle, Poulette alla denis. What? This is the very meal I dreamed about. The very meal. Hey boy, I know. Missa Paladin sit down now. Yes, hey boy. Hey boy, I know how to take care of you. This is Hugh Douglas inviting you to join us again next week when CBS Radio presents Have Gun! Will Travel.


Hello everyone and welcome to this presentation on the papers covered a suite of efficient learning with rounding in encapsulation mechanisms I'm Jose and I'm going to start presenting this paper and later my co-author and colleague Suparna will follow This is a joint work with other two co-authors and Anshuman and Ingrid So let's start look at the contents of this presentation I will start with an introduction to our paper and the motivation of her work Then I will talk about the design of the schemes that form this suite the suite is covered later Suparna will talk about the security analysis of the schemes in the suite and she will also present the software implementations and I will close the presentation by telling a bit of the hardware implementations and with a small conclusion So let's first look at the the context of this work NIST the National Institute of Standardization and Technology is going to release in the coming year the first standard for quantum resistant cryptography and we already know the finalist of this contest For both KM and signature Categories and we can see that lattice-based schemes Turned out to be the preferred solution for quantum cryptography and among these lattice-based schemes or among these finalists the Selecting criteria by NIST will be the security analysis of this scheme and also implementation Aspects that are both the efficiency of the schemes in different platforms as well as their side channel security and other issues so for that Forgetting a bit their understanding on how the efficiency is affected by the design of the scheme. Let's talk about the lattice problems that are used in post quantum cryptography So the first program the first problem is the learning with errors problem In this problem We state that it is hard to distinguish a randomly sample a from another sample b which is form as the Product of this this public element a with a secret a plus and error so As we can see in the figure we have a public matrix then we have a Secret which is a vector the error is a vector and the sample the learning with error sample is also a vector So what are the bottlenecks of this problem? well, of course the sampling of the public matrix the sampling of the secret and then the expensive matrix vector multiplication and Also the sampling of the error that requires certain randomness so one Optimization that can be done to the learning with running with error problems is to introduce the learning with rounding problem and in this problem The error is not sample and added to the sample, but it is Inherently generated by a rounding operation and What we have made for this suite is we have used This learning with rounding problem as the base to build up our schemes but also within the learning with rounding problem there are different variants and The first one is the ring learning with rounding problem or being learning with error in which Instead of having a public matrix We have only a public vector We can see it as if the public matrix is formed by rotations of this vector And another way to see it in practice is that we have two polynomials a public and polynomial and a secret polynomial and We make a multiplication between this polynomial a ring multiplication, which is a convolution then another variance is the Module lattices and in the module lattices we don't have only a polynomial, but we have a small matrix With each of the elements of the matrix being a polynomial and of course the length of this program is Lower than in the ring version And we can achieve a similar level of security. So We use both these problems the ring and the module variants of the learning with rounding problem to build all our schemes Yeah, why why your paper is interested? Well, the goal of our paper was to take advantage of all the latest Abundance in lattice base cryptography and as regarding to the parameter selection As well as the construction based on these problems on ring learning with running and learning with rounding To create or to improve a state-of-the-art key encapsulation mechanisms and the contributions of our work are first we have a fast ring learning with rounding came which we call we call Florete we have also a compact module learning with rounding came Which is also highly parallelizable in hardware and we call this scheme Spada And then we have a shably which is an alternate version of saber in which we modify the shape of the secrets and a bit the parameters while maintaining the same construction to achieve a faster and more efficient scheme and Of course, we provide implementations and software platforms and also hardware software accelerators for all these three schemes in a suite So now let's start already by by looking at the design of our schemes And for that I will introduce the framework. We have used to build the learning with error Learned with rounding based key encapsulation mechanisms We have used the same framework for all three schemes in our suite And the only difference is of course how these elements that you can see here in this image the sample B is built and how the public matrix is sampled in the case of modular ring the secret and the error and If you can see this is a generic construction of a key encapsulation mechanism and In the case of lattices we need to use this Encoding functions this error correction codes to Recover the same message between both parties. So now let's look at the design of the schemes And let's start with Florida Florida has been designed using the ring learning with rounding problem because the goal was to design and a high performance Scheme we use the question ring Converting with x to the power of 768 minus x to the power of 384 plus one because of security reasons and The main characteristics of the sign of this scheme is that we have reduced randomness requirements with respect to For instance saber, which is the scheme we are going to take as reference to compare to during our work Because we have a public polynomial of 668 768 coefficient instead of Matrix of three times three polynomials of 256 coefficient So we have much less coefficients to sample in the public matrix, but also the coefficients of the secret polynomial that in saver are Sampled from a binomial distributions here a sample from Narrow distribution all coefficients are minus one zero or one and also another characteristics of Florida is that the Probability failure is lower Because each message be it is repeated three times because we have to encode a 256 bit message in 768 coefficients, so we use the repetition and golden Then the next scheme in our suite is a spada and here the goal was to design a scheme that was very compact And had a very low memory footprint, so we introduce And a design that as fast we know is novel in which We design a module learning with random schemes, but the length of the polynomials that form the public matrix are is Shorter than than usual so as you can see here the quotient ring is Rings of polynomials from with extra power of 64 plus one so every polynomial has 64 coefficients and To compensate for this that the public Matrix will have a higher rank so we can achieve a very low memory footprint But the downside is that we need more random numbers Because we have to sample more elements for the public matrix and a way to mitigate the penalty in performance if we want to implement it in hardware is by parallelizing the operations and Lastly we have the third scheme in our suite, which is Sable and for Sable we use the same Construction as for Saber, but we introduce some changes So that's why we can see Sable as an alternate version of Saber in which We reduce random randomness requirements by choosing a network distribution for the coefficients of the secrets and We also adjust the moduli p and q and actually we use only the moduli P and q to tune the security level of the scheme so now I will leave the floor to Suparna she will talk about the security Parameters and software implementations Hello, everyone. I am Suparna Kundu Before going to the implementation details of our suite scabbard I would like to mention preliminary design goals of our schemes In this performance memory graph we pointed out the design standing of our schemes Florate, espada and Sable respected to Saber For Florate we intended to achieve high performance For espada our goal was to use less memory footprint and we designed Sable to achieve a better tradeoff of memory performance than Saber For every LWR based keks or chem has two important notions. These are security and failure probability In any LWB based chem crypto system both party have to agree to a key with very high probability But that key can be differed with a certain probability that is failure probability To achieve the highest security which is CCA security We need to strike a balance between security and failure probability That depends on q modulus n degree of the generating polynomial of the ring and sigma which is the noise That is minimum of standard deviation of the distribution of secret and errors If we increase q keeping n and sigma fixed then security and failure probability both will decrease If we increase n keeping q and sigma fixed and if we increase sigma keeping n and q fixed then security and failure probability both will increase To find failure probability we modify the Saber script and for the security valuation we Used dukey et al's leaky LW estimator We obtained the final parameter set of a scheme by searching exhaustively in between all possible values of all the parameters of LWR based chem just by keeping n fixed with our security goal Here our goal is to obtain bit security label greater or equal to 128 and Failure probability strictly less than 2 to the power minus 128 For florida we fixed n equal to 768 and as it is ring based so matrix dimension L equals 1 chosen underlying ring modulus q equal to 10 bits rounding modulus p equal to 9 bits t coefficient of redacted polynomial is 3 bits and we have used one coefficient of ciphertext to height 1 bit message So be equal to 1 and for the secret sampling We used centered binomial distribution with parameter mu calls one This set of parameter help us to obtain 157 bit of security together with failure probability 2 to the power minus 131 For the 768 cross 768 polynomial multiplication in florida We used to cook three way multiplication on top of Saber efficient 256 cross 256 polynomial multiplication This is a hybrid model which uses to cook Karatsuba and schoolbook multiplication In as per the length of ciphertext polynomial is 64 and message length is 256 bits That's why we needed one coefficient of ciphertext to hide four bits of message So b equals 4 here. We have chosen n equals 64 vector dimension L equals 12 q equals 15 bits and p equals 13 bits and t equals 3 bits and the parameter mu of centered binomial distribution Here is 3 this helps us to obtain 128 bit security together with failure probability 2 to the power minus 167 Matrix vector multiplication is one of the most time-consuming operation here as this scheme is module LWR based Then parallel computation will reduce the time of computation Also the length of the polynomial here is 64 in the public matrix a and secret vector s and 64 cross 64 polynomial multiplication is very fast in hardware So here we can directly perform the multiplications in hardware efficiently Hence if we use L parallel processors R1 R2 R2 RL for computing L polynomial Multiplications of the matrix vector multiplication. It helps to make the scheme efficient for different levels of security in saver They kept q and p fixed and adjust the standard deviation of secret sigma But here we kept sigma fixed and varies q and p and tried to make standard deviation of error and secret same We found this set of parameters of three security levels of sublet by maintaining the security bound and corresponding failure probability polynomial multiplication used in sublet is also same as saver The slide contains results of implementation in C and AVX for benchmarking We have used system with Intel Core i7 with hyper threading turbo boost and multi-core support disabled and Compiled with GCC with optimization plug O3 Here security level of each scheme is greater or equal to 128 bit as you see Fluority is faster than all other schemes in C and AVX implementation It was our initial goal also the performance of Florida on C and AVX is faster than saver by at least 45 percent 26 percent and 10 percent for key gen end caps and decals respectively and The performance of sublet on C and AVX is also faster than saver and the performance of spada on C and AVX is Approximately two times slower than saver For the Cortex-M4 implementation, we have used STM32F4 discovery port running at 24 megahertz speed and by using the PQM4 framework Kaveri's another niche round 3 finalist came like saver As you can see Florida is faster than all other schemes and espada needs least stack memory Florida performs better than saver for all of the algorithms Also requires almost three times more stack memory for each algorithms of Florida than saver Key gen and end caps algorithms of Florida is faster than Kaver But decaps algorithm of Kaver is faster than Florida But the overall performance of Florida is better than performance of Kaver Sublet performs better than saver in all the algorithms and also needs little less stack memory than saver for each of algorithms Spada needs twice time than saver for each of the algorithms But stack memory requirement of spada is lower than saver for each of three algorithms key gen end caps and decals The stack memory requirement of spada is also lower than Kaver 2 which uses Implus entity multiplication Number theoretic transformation is another method of polynomial multiplication. It wasn't used in saver due to power of 2 modules Recently Chung at all applied entity to perform polynomial multiplication in saver by considering a larger ring such that the Multiplication of any two number of previously used ring always belongs to this large new ring In this plot we named that scheme saver entity saver entity received a performance improvement than saver By applying similar technique Savley also got speed up Although this is just first draft not an efficient implementation Savley entity faster than Savley for all of three algorithms key gen end caps and decals Florida and Spada would also receive a certain speed up by applying this technique Remaining part of our talk will be continued by my colleague Jose Maria Barmodomera Thank you Suparna. Okay, so Yeah, as for the hardware implementations and we want to stress that The goal of our paper was not to perform a full exploration of the hardware architecture that can be used to accelerate all the schemes but rather to provide some guidelines and to have some Tool to compare these different schemes So for this reason we haven't implement the full schemes in hardware But we have used a hardware software co-design approach that allowed us more flexibility in the whole place But also a faster feedback in the design cycle while Implementing the algorithms or tuning the parameters so In this hardware software Co-design approach we have decided to implement only the polynomial multiplication hardware Why because this is a critical operation for all schemes But also is the operation that is different for each scheme and also even within each scheme it can vary for each parameter set because it depends on the length of the polynomials that are involved that are different in the case of Florete Spada and Shably but also in the parameters set if the error distribution changes However, we would also like to note that Hashing is also an important bottleneck in lattice-based cryptography and that all of the schemes All the schemes would benefit highly from having a hashing module in hardware also But the hashing module would be the same for the three schemes in Or sweet because at this moment we are using Ketchak as the hashing function for all three So we decided to focus only on the polynomial multiplication and I'm going to discuss now What are the differences between the three schemes? So first of all, I will start with Florete and I will explain the hardware partition for Florete So as you remember is a ring learning with a random scheme in which we have polynomials of 768 coefficients. So what we did here was to break down this polynomial multiplication between polynomials of 768 coefficients in five Multiplications of polynomials of 256 coefficients by using tomb cook 3 algorithm And then after that we can reuse the hardware for Sabre the polynomial multiplication for 256 coefficient polynomials That doesn't exploit any particular shape of the polynomials So this is what we did for Florete and we reuse the hardware for Sabre for the case of Spada and The hardware software partition as it is now is that only the polynomial multiplication is implemented in hardware so we have to we have to design a polynomial multipliers for 64 coefficient polynomials and Yeah, we did this with the idea of achieving decent performance while keeping the area low because the goal of Spada was compactness and Here we want to stretch that if The designer wants to achieve high performance You should have also the hashing on hardware and you should parallelize the hashing so that you can generate the coefficients of the polynomials that will be multiplied in parallel also in parallel And then Finally the hardware acceleration for Sabre For Sabre we can use the same polynomial multiplier as we use for for Sabre and also the one we we use for the internal Multiplications of Florete the 256 coefficient polynomial multiplication but in this case we can also use a Specific construction and we decided to design High performance multiplier for Sabre which exploits the shape of the secrets the fact that the secrets are small as It has been done for Sabre in previous work So you can see here that in contrast to Sabre. This is easier to do for for Sabre because the coefficients are even smaller and Finally I will sum up all the hardware results in this table and In the paper you have Numbers and performance for the full schemes when using the hardware software Accelerator but here I focus only on the performance of the multiplier and only on the area of the multiplier because that is what we implement it on hardware and We can see here that for Florete we are using the Same multiplier as for Sabre or compact accelerator for Sabre For Spada we are using also a compact Design so we can compare this Florete and Spada numbers to the Numbers of the first Sabre implementation, which is shown in row 4 Whereas the first comparison for Sabre would be with the implementation in the fifth row in this table Sabre and we can see that we achieve Even though we have different FBA technologies, we achieve very similar results with much less area so that's that's it all for our presentation and I will wrap up with the conclusions. So first of all in this work We have improved the practical aspects of the state of the art in lattice base cryptography by providing Florete, which is a faster King Capsulation Mechanism by providing Spada, which is the most compact King Capsulation Mechanism and by tweaking Sabre to create an alternate version of Sabre that improves certain characteristics of Sabre but also We have introduced new design decisions when designing games and in particular How the parameters are chosen in Spada has Novel with respect to how it was done in the state of the art And finally the future worklines and how to follow up this work Of course, we are going to provide parameters for other security levels for Florete and for Spada We already did for Sabre And we should explore different hardware architectures for the acceleration of these schemes So now that's it. Thank you for your attention and we will be glad to answer your questions


NJRoot22.com here with a retail rant. I don't know what you want to call it. They don't do things like they used, I'm not sure what the title of this series, but I think it's gonna be called retail rant. It's about Eastern Mountain Sports, EMS. We like what they sell. They have cool sneakers and they have pretty decent outdoor gear and clothing and so on. And that is where the sort of love affair ends. We're talking specifically about their coupons. They have coupons all the time that say save 40% on any one item or save 20% on any one item. Now keep in mind this is what the coupon looks like and it says any one. Now I understand there's exclusions on some things but the list of exclusions at EMS. Again we like the store and that's pretty much the coupon problem is just the beginning of this. Let me read you some of the exclusions here. Can you guess how many there are? At the end of this you'll see. So first of all they'll start off with their exclusions with the basics and we can understand this. Limit one coupon per customer. Offer valid on in-stock items only. Coupon may not be combined with other coupons. Two for one deals, daily deals, power deals, doorbusters, whatever that means.  But now they've turned it into a positive how? Doorbusters? No, no doorbusters. Flash sales and clearance which means prices that end in eight. Now that's sort of I understand those nine exclusions. That makes sense. But let's just read the brands and other items that they don't allow you to use the coupon for. Ready? Adidas, Ahnu, Arcterix, A6, Big Agnes, Birkenstock, Black Diamond, Brooks, Carhartt, Carolina, Chaco, Dansco, Fajal, Fajal, Jalraven, whatever that is, Gold Zero, Hoka 11, Hydro Flask, Icebreaker, Innoate. How clever is that? Keen, Coca-Tact, Coca-Tact. I don't even know what that is. Cute, Leatherman, Levi's, Marmot, Merrill, my favorite sneakers, Native, Nemo, New Balance, Oakley, Obermeyer, Obos, Alukai, Uphus, Osprey, Outdoor Research. We also like that brand. Prana, Rainbow, Reef, Royal Robbins, Solomon, Sanook, Scarpa, Smith, Sorrel, Sperry, Spikeball, SunCloud, Superfeet, Suntow, Teba, The North Face, Tully, Timberland Pro, Tom's, Under Armour, Vionic, Werner Paddles, Western Mountaineering, Yeti, and, okay, all GPS-enabled devices, action cameras, car rack systems and accessories, cargo boxes, fitness trackers and monitors, boats, bikes, stand-up paddleboards, skis, bindings, boots, poles, and then, of course, I shouldn't include this, but taxes, shipping and handling, gift cards, you can't return your item and get the discount, rentals, and EMS schools. So that makes 87 exclusions to their coupon. I mean, I can understand a dozen of them, but they've exceeded that by like, it's like seven dozen items that they have exclusions on. At that point, how can they even say any one item? It should be 20% or 40% of the only one item in the store that's not restricted by these stupid exclusions. And I know Bed Bath and Beyond has a similar long list and Macy's and all these people, but they should be prohibited by some, by either public consensus for us not to shop there anymore or by law. They say, hey, you know, you can't say any one item and put an asterisk and put this fine print, you need a freaking electron microscope to read the number of exclusions.  And by the way, EMS, we don't, I've had such negative shopping experiences there and I'm not saying all EMS employees about, but they all seem to be lazy. They seem to be anal retentive, unhelpful, and just lack of days ago in general about, about their, their work ethic and they just, I don't know how the store stays clean. Maybe, maybe some cleaning crew comes in and does it after, after the close the store closes or maybe just no one shops there anymore. Because EMS seems to be some sort of money laundering operation. I don't know. They're owned by the same company, some venture, they've sold, they've traded hands like five times in the last 10 years. Some venture capitalist group now owns them and they filed for bankruptcy in 2016 and Bob Stores is also the same company as, it's under the same ownership as Eastern Mountain Sports. But it's something very strange about this, this operation. Anyway, that's my retail rant for today. We went a little long, seven minutes, but hopefully I can get more of these under my belt because I don't like, I don't like exclusions and it's really annoying. Every time I've tried to use the coupon, I walked out of there and I screwed this place. All right, have a nice week ahead.