of freedom, rational self-interest, and individual rights. The Iran Book Show. Hey, everybody. Welcome to Iran Book Show on this, uh, this camp on this Thursday, February 23rd. Good morning, I guess. Noon over here already. Uh, thank you for joining me. I know that probably not a lot of you are live right now, even the hour in, uh, in the United States. It's 7, uh, no, it's actually 6 AM on the East Coast. It's 2 AM in California. I'm not sure who is actually on here live. Probably a bunch of Europeans would be my guess. Jonathan Honing is on. Jonathan, it's like, what time is it? It's 5 AM. What are you doing? Um, uh, Justin is asking who is the guest this week. There is no guest this week. While I'm traveling, there are no interviews. Uh, it's impossible to do. So, uh, no interviews while I travel. So no guest this week, no guest next week. I'm not yet sure who the guest is when I get back to Puerto Rico. So, uh, we will see. Um, let's see. We've got, uh, Sasha says, hi, I'm from Ukraine living in Silicon Valley. Thank you for voting, rational thinking about capitalism, Ukraine, et cetera. It's 2 in the morning. Aren't you asleep? What's going on here? Um, Apollo Zeus is up. Jonathan is up. Justin is up. Vlad is up, but Vlad is in Australia. So, cool. All right. This is going to be an international show. Where are my Europeans? It's like middle of the day. I guess this is the difference I think between Europeans and Americans. I think Americans watch YouTube during the work day. I don't think Europeans do. This is a test. This is a test where Europeans are willing at 11 a.m. UK time test is here. Uh, or 12, uh, 12 p.m. Um, mainland Europe time or whether they're listening. I don't, I don't see the Europeans on. We'll see. Luke is on from Germany. Okay. So we got some Europeans. All right. Um, I am in, uh, in Slovakia. Uh, I, uh, flew into Prague. When, when did I fly into Prague? Uh, excuse me. Hey, sorry. That must have been terrible sounding. I apologize. Anyway, I flew into Prague Tuesday morning. Uh, I gave a talk, uh, two talks in Prague. One at several and one at the Anglo-American University. Um, one was on free speech and the other one was on, um, uh, in equal, uh, equal, uh, equals unfair. Then yesterday, uh, I got a ride to a Burno. Burno is the second largest city in the Czech Republic. And I gave a talk at the university there, a morality of capitalism. Both the talk in Prague and the talk in Burno were recorded. And I hope to have video of that up, um, uh, up and available for you guys, uh, uh, later today. Uh, well, not later today, but probably next week or the week after that. So we'll, we'll be releasing those. Um, then I've got, uh, then, uh, last night. Oh, so that was yesterday, right? I was in Burno. The talk was at 10 a.m. So we had a very small audience, but, uh, 10 a.m. at the university. Uh, then I got a train from Burno to, uh, Bratislava. Bratislava is in the, um, uh, in Slovakia. So this is a Czech Koslovakia split to the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Global Balkanization. Those of you who've read Iron Man's brilliant essay, um, Global Balkanization Manifest. Anyway, in, uh, Slovakia in, uh, Bratislava gave a talk last night, um, on the morality of capitalism. I actually streamed that talk using my latest and greatest technology. So, uh, my computer, my camera, everything I have right now to do the show, I just took and, and my new mic, my new wireless mic, which is so cool. I'm so happy I got this mic. It, it, it really is amazing. It's, uh, you know, I can walk around. It will go up to, I think, 100 feet. It will still broadcast the sound. So it's perfect for lectures. It's a wireless mic that I clip onto the shirt. Um, super happy with it so far. The sound is great. I'm talking on it now. The sound is great. Uh, the, um, uh, the, what do you call it? Uh, yeah, it worked perfectly yesterday. We, uh, you know, we taped with my camera. Now I'm thinking I don't even need to bring the camera because the reality is the camera on the iPhone is pretty good. It might be the case that I can just use an iPhone on a, uh, on a, uh, on a tripod, uh, to record my lectures. So that would reduce the weight and reduce space if I could do that. So that's kind of the next step, I think, in the evolution. And for that, you know, well, I'm definitely going to buy, I think, an iPhone, uh, 15 when those come out. So, uh, I think now if I start doing that, I'll be really interested in the evolution of, uh, the video camera on, the video camera on the, uh, on the iPhone. Is the volume too low? Erhard, uh, Erhard who's here from, not sure from where, uh, is saying the video is, the volume right now is too low. Please let me know if that is the case. I can increase the volume, um, and, uh, let me just see. Uh, I can't, I know I can increase the volume somewhere here. I don't think that increases it. Yeah, let's see it again. Uh, let me know if the volume is too, or it was to you say, and, uh, I can, I can increase it here. Let's let me know if that is better. Uh, let me know if that is, whoops, that is better. Luke says the volume is good. So, uh, you might want to check on your thing. I did increase the volume. So hopefully that'll, uh, help. But, but certainly let me know if, if the volume is too low.  It's also, you know, the biggest problem of traveling in the winter, and I will get to Ukraine in a minute. I apologize, but the biggest problem of traveling in the winter is the, the heating in the hotels dries the air out and you, I just get completely dried up and it's, so my, my voice is not completely right. I don't have as much energy because I'm not sleeping as well. And, uh, every, every day I'm basically traveling. Uh, so tonight, uh, I'm flying. I have to get a car from, uh, from Bratislava to the Vienna Airport. Vienna Airport is about, it's not even the dry skin, it's dry mouth. It's, the Vienna Airport's about an hour from here and then from Vienna Airport I get a, a plane, uh, to Georgia. I'll be in Tbilisi late tonight. I might do a show from Tbilisi, depending on what happens, um, later tonight. Um, but, uh, yeah, I mean, hydrate, hydrate, you drink water, but it doesn't change the fact that the air is super dry. Um, so I'm going to be in Tbilisi tonight. I'll be in Tbilisi over the weekend and then, uh, then Poland. A funny thing happened in Poland. You've got to hear this. So I've, I've supposedly giving a talk in Poland, in Poland, uh, on, um, Monday. I was supposed to give a talk in Poland on Monday. I hope I'm still giving a talk on Monday, but right now we're not sure. Um, and the university told the organizers that I couldn't come. And, you know, which is weird. And so the organizers, what's the problem? And they said, um, I'm, oh, and the talk I'm giving in Poland is about the war, about the war with, uh, the roots of the Russian war. That's, that's the title of the talk. And the university basically said, he's going to give, he's going to be pro-Russia and we don't want a pro-Russian talk here. And, um, you know, the organizers sent them a bunch of evidence to show that I'm the exact opposite. I'm anti-Russia. I'm pro-Ukraine and so on. Didn't make one eye out of a difference. Um, they decided I was pro-Russia and that was it and they were not going to allow me to talk. Which says a lot, and this is a good intro into a discussion of Ukraine. It says a lot about the attitudes, I think, here in, um, in Eastern Europe regarding the war in Ukraine. Uh, much more so than I think in England, much more so than I think in Western Europe. Eastern Europe is solidly, for the most part, is solidly behind the Ukrainians. Um, and solidly committed to helping Ukraine in whatever way they can and solidly antagonistic to Russia. I'd say this is even true in Eastern Europe of many of the libertarians. So, um, whereas in much of the West, libertarians have been pro-Russia and conservatives have been pro-Russia. I'd say that in Eastern Europe, um, the Eastern Europeans totally get it. They get the threat that Putin poses. They get that Ukraine here is the victim. They get that if Ukraine fell and that, uh, that, uh, Putin actually succeeded. Russia actually succeeded.  We'll get to that in a minute. But if Russia actually succeeded, um, then, uh, you know, they would be next. He's clearly once Moldova. Uh, and once he's in Moldova, why not? Romania, why not? Uh, Slovakia, why not? Poland. These were all parts of the Soviet Union, well, all parts of the Soviet Union bloc. But they were all parts of, uh, they were all under the influence of Russia. And his goal is clear. His goal is to resurrect the Russian Empire. His goal is clear to resurrect the great of Russia. Uh, I think that goal is dead now, but, but that, that certainly was the goal in the beginning and his success would have only spurred it on. Just like the fact that he was successful in 2008 in taking a province, two provinces from, um, from Georgia, uh, then encouraged him in 2014 to, uh, to take Crimea in the Donbas, parts of the Donbas, uh, and the fact that he got away with that, then encourages him, um, then encourages him to, uh, to take over more. Tezi seems to be very concerned about free speech.  It's not an issue of free speech. They're not a government institution. They invited me and then they rescinded the invitation. I think it's a mistake. I think it's unfortunate. I think they should be allowed, they should allow for a debate and a discussion about these issues and, and, and speech. But in terms of the right to free speech, there is no, um, there is no violation of a right here. There is no censorship here. There is just a private entity deciding not to work with you. Um, so, uh, anyway, so, uh, uh, Valdrin says libertarians are split here as well. A lot of pro Russia and some pro Ukraine. I'm not sure where this is, Valdrin. Where is Valdrin? Valdrin in the U.S.? Anyway, libertarians seem to be split, but I'd say that in the U.S., at least the vocal libertarians seem to be pro Russia. And in Eastern Europe, the libertarians I've met, and maybe it's our self-selection, with one exception in Prague, the libertarians seem to be pro Ukraine. So it seems at least anecdotally, granted anecdotally that there's more. But I think, I think Eastern Europe generally, I think the most solidly pro, it seems to me that the most solidly pro Ukraine element today in the world, maybe, is in Eastern Europe, certainly places like Poland. Um, of course somebody who's pro Russia still has the right to talk, but they don't have a right to use somebody else's facility to talk. That is the principle of free speech. The principle of free speech allows me to decide who can talk in my auditorium, who can talk in my university. Now universities are supposed to be open to everybody, and it would be nice if Polish universities allowed people who are against the war, against Russia to talk, but it's not a violation per se of the principle of, or the legal principle of free speech. It is of the cultural element of free speech. All right, let's see. So tomorrow is one year since the war broke out on February 24th, 2022. I think to many people's surprise, certainly to my surprise, this is one I did not predict, I did not see coming. I definitely thought that there would not be a war. But on February 24th, 2022, to my surprise, and I think to many people's surprise, Russia invaded Ukraine. It invaded Ukraine from a number of different locations. It invaded Ukraine from the south. It invaded Ukraine dramatically from the east and northeast all the way to Kharkiv, north of Kharkiv and northwest of Kharkiv, and then down from Belarus. Russian troops staged in Belarus invaded Ukraine and made pretty strong progress in the first couple of days on their way to Khiv. If you remember right off the bat, there were significant battles just outside of Khiv at the airport there where Russian special forces were flown in. The first real indications that Russia was going to have a hard time was how difficult it was and how quickly they had to retreat from that airport and how many casualties they took and it seemed surprising to them. I think the Russians expected to be able to control the airport very quickly then to fly in airplanes with troops and supplies and use it as a base of operations against Khiv and basically to take care of within a week. I think generally the expectation of the Russian forces was that Khiv would fall, that they would control Khiv and that the rest would be irrelevant, that Ukraine would basically surrender at that point. At that point, remind me to tell you why I don't like the term Putin's war. By the way, Super Chat is on. I would appreciate support over the Super Chat while I'm traveling. I know it's not as many people are listening, maybe not the same people are listening, maybe people who don't have quite the means, but those of you watching after the fact, you can still support the show by pressing like a donate button on YouTube after the fact. It doesn't have to be live. And of course you can support the show on youronbookshow.com. But I would appreciate the support while I'm traveling it's not like I don't have to bring an income while I'm on the road. It would be great. And I am trying to do as many shows as I can. So in reflection of those shows it would be great if we got some support, realizing it's not going to be the normal levels. Let's see. So on that first week, I think almost all commentators out there, I saw a lot of former generals, a lot of military commentators basically tell everybody the same message. Russia is going to win this. Just a question of time. They might have said back here, said back there, but there's no question this is going to be a Russian victory and it might take longer than people expect. It might take longer than the Russians expect, but Russian overwhelming force is going to win this. And I have to say I was one of the few people who said, I think it was day two, wait a minute, slow down. I'm not sure this is going to go that way. And my main point was that both the Russians had no motivation. Russian soldiers had no motivation. Russian weapon systems were primitive and unsophisticated. And on the flip side, the Ukrainians were heavily, strongly motivated. And they were using very advanced western weapon systems, particularly anti-tank weapons and anti-aircraft weapons. And they were achieving massive success in the battlefield because of these things. And I think there were, and I said from personal experience, because I have personal experience, about T-72s and Russian weapon systems and how primitive and how behind they were as compared to the West. And I have to admit, I didn't even realize how behind they were relative to the West. And I think that has all played out during the war, the fact that the Russians are unmotivated and that their weapon systems suck. I think a third element which I did not realize, but which has become real, very, very real, and is becoming real every single day, is just the, I don't know what the term, how to call it. I don't know, maybe strategic decadence. The fact that Russia has no strategy, the fact that Russians still fight wars like they do, like they did 80 years ago, the fact that Russia's way of fighting wars is just to throw troops and tanks and weapon systems at a problem and just frontal assault. And the way the Russians are fighting this war is just shocking and horrific. It lacks any sense of strategy and certainly lacks any sense of caring about casualties and caring about how many people on your side are killed. A complete disregard for Russian soldiers' lives. I mean, I've always known the Russian weapons systems, at least Soviet weapons systems.  But I would have expected in the 21st century in Russia and no longer Soviet Union that there be some concern and some rethinking of strategy and some thought about how to strategize here. Nothing.  Basically in Bakhmut right now, I mean, Russian soldiers are fighting trench warfare, World War I-style trench warfare, to try to recapture town. They've been fighting for it for six months. They have lost thousands and thousands and thousands of troops killed and maimed on this one battlefield for this one little village or one little town. They made almost no progress. I mean, they've made some progress, but very little progress at the cost of thousands and thousands of lives and they just keep coming. No reconsideration, no change of strategy, no trying to find a weakness in the Ukrainian front line, no attempts to go around, nothing. Just head on straight. Boom. And just complete and utter disaster consequences to the whole thing. So, you know, Russia here is losing tens of thousands of troops by some estimates in terms of killed and injured. The numbers of Russians is over well over 200,000. Remember that when the war started, Russia invaded with 200,000 troops. Today we can say there are 200,000 casualties. What Russia has been doing over the last few months is sending untrained young recruits who know very little about war and have very little training to the front lines. It's why so many Russians are dying and so little progress is being made. This is a barbaric way of fighting a war and it's, you know, this is a mentality of suffering, a mentality of uncaring about human life that is, I think, in the world in which we live right now, uniquely Russian.  But it's truly rare in the modern world to see people just throw the lives of tens of thousands of people and not care, just not care. And let me just say this reminds me of this issue about Putin's war. This is not Putin's war, this is Russia's war. This is not one man launching a war just for his own ego. His own ego plays a big role in this. But this is a whole system, a whole system of government, a whole system, a whole regime. A whole regime that is basically being supported by the Russian people if only by their own acquaintances and the fact that they have not rebelled and not argued against it and not, you know, stood up against Putin over the last 20 years as he has solidified his power. You know, what has happened, what has happened in the consequence of the Putin regime is not new, it's not a surprise. It's not, and yet the Russian people have allowed it to happen. You know, this is a war of the entire Russian elite, the oligarchs, the generals, the Politburo members, the rest of the business and military class that allow Putin to do this. This is not, this is not.  If they're scared, they deserve it, right? If they're paralyzed by fear, they deserve it. This is Russia's war, Russia is to blame. The Russian people are to blame. 200,000 of them are dying and being maimed. They can't rise up against Putin. They can't destroy Putin. Of course they can. They lack the will. They lack the will. And many of them, and maybe a majority of them, buy into, you know, Putin's illusions. Now, you know, indeed, you know, it's again, it's a year to the war to get back and we can see the extent of Russian really defeat. Yes, they took a lot of land in the first few, the first week or so of the conflict. Since then, Russia has basically been in retreat. They retreated from Kiev, and they retreated from the northeast. They were then completely pushed back from areas of Wuhan's province, and recently they were pushed back out of Gerson, out of the city and much of that province. Russia still occupies big swaths of Ukraine, and the Ukrainians certainly are struggling to put together the forces, both in terms of the numbers of troops and in terms of the tanks and weapons systems that they would need to reoccupy, to retake all of the land taken from them by force by Putin. But they are building towards that. They are Ukrainian troops being trained in Poland, being trained in the UK. Indeed, the British king visited the Ukrainian troops being trained in the UK. Weapon systems are flowing into Ukraine, whether those are weapons of long-range artillery, more long-range artillery, more ammunition. Tanks, the tanks are not the greatest tanks in the world. There are a lot of Leopard 1s. Unfortunately, some Leopard 2s, those are super duper, really good tanks, but Leopard 1s will do the jobs certainly against Russian tanks. Leopard 1s are the older generation of tanks that the Europeans are supplying. But Leopard 2 are the new generation tanks that are also being supplied. They're going to get some Abrams tanks down the road. Who knows when that will happen exactly, but they will get them at some point. And they are building up a military, and they will build up their military capabilities so they can take on Russian forces and kick them out of the rest of Ukraine. And I think that's very doable, and I think the Putin knows that, and I think the Russian knows that. At the same time, I've said this many times on the show over the last year, but Russia's lost no matter how you... what happens from now on. They're not going to take Ukraine, they're not going to conquer Ukraine. They might still put up a fight. I mean, the latest reports suggest that the Russians are massing troops from the Belarus-Ukrainian border to the north of Kiev. They might take another shot at trying to take Kiev. I do not think they have the capabilities of doing that. The forces that would try this out of Belarus are even less well-equipped and less well-trained than the troops that tried to do this last year. But you could see another front in the north of Ukraine, which would be really tragic, but could nevertheless extend the war and make it more difficult for Ukraine, but it could very well happen. It could be what Putin is hoping for as a resolution for all of this. So all of that is true, but look, Putin's lost. Sweden and Finland, in spite of Turkey and in spite of everything, Sweden and Finland will become members of NATO. That opens up a new NATO border with Russia that is longer than the Ukrainian border. It is a massive defeat for Putin to have Sweden and Finland as members of NATO. Sweden and Finland are both... not only have a long border with Russia, but they are both countries that produce actual weapons systems. They're both countries that are industrialized. They're both Western advanced countries and they've got very, very well-trained militaries. They would be very motivated fighting on their own border. The Finns have a history with the Russians in terms of fighting and holding them back. So yes, I think just that is a massive blow to Russia, not something the Russians expected, not something at all the Russians expected. I think the fact that Western Europe or Europe generally has stuck together in opposition to Russia, and we'll see if that holds, the Germans always seem to be tempted away, but it seems to be holding so far. The French seem to be getting more committed rather than less committed. You've got Germany. I mean, Western Europe seems to be so far united in support of Ukraine, and that is a massive achievement that nobody expected. And all these weapons systems flowing into Ukraine is a tribute to that. And then, so that is massive. And then finally, Russia is defeated by the very fact that it has been shown to be a paper tiger. It's super vulnerable, super weak, you know, super pathetic, whiny. I don't know if we'll talk about Putin's speech in a minute. So, you know, Russia is now by, you know, I think there's no question that Russia is today a third-rate power. It is not a multipolar world where Russia stands opposite the United States. There's another pole that can move the world in one way or the other. There's only one viable alternative to the United States in terms of the geopolitics, the world politics, and that's China. Russia has taken itself out of the running completely. The only chance that Russia has to continue this war in Ukraine and not to give up territory and to keep fighting and to is for China to start providing it with ammunition and with military technology. If China did this, Russia would then be basically a satellite state of the Chinese. This would be a Chinese world, an American Chinese world, and Russia would be a non-entity and it would be very clear to the Russians. Russia alone cannot sustain a battle against the West. Russia has to have China. I'm not sure that China has to have Russia. The advantage that China has in having Russia is that Russia can keep Europe and the U.S. occupied in Europe and China can work to try to dominate Asia and that's why China would like to have Russia. But Russia becomes then a satellite state. Putin becomes a satellite of Xi. Xi becomes the dominant player in the world outside of the United States of America. So Russia loses no matter what. Even if it gets Chinese support, Russia as a power, Russia as a force, Russia as an entity that needs to be dealt with in the world, is finished basically. And one way or the other, the era now is an era of the United States. Again, from a kind of global politics perspective, this is now an era of China in the United States and Russia has no part of it. Russia has no part to play in many respects. Russia was already a non-entity, but I think this Putin's mistake in going to war basically is going to make Russia completely irrelevant and completely non-entity and completely irrelevant to world politics in the years to come. Finally, Putin did give a speech last, I think it was yesterday, or the day before yesterday, I can't keep track of the days anymore. The way he laid out kind of the reasons for invading Ukraine and all these grievances against the West, the grievances keep shifting. You know, it used to be... I'm just looking for something. Anyway, Putin's speech with all the grievances against the West, you know, the West is this, the West is that, the West is decadent, the West is... Yeah, I mean, it used to be that last speech he gave, the speech before this last one, he said, yeah, the West is decadent, they have parent number one and parent number two.  So this speech, he didn't use parent number one, parent number two, this speech, the West is evil because it is decadent and Russia stands up against this decadence and Russia is the savior of Western civilization, although he doesn't use those terms, that's Jordan Peterson's terms, because, you know, because woke culture is normalizing pedophilia and promoting the idea of a gender-neutral God. That's what really offends Putin, is that the West is promoting a gender-neutral God, which is somewhat true at the Church of England. I talked about this on a previous show, but who cares? God should be gender-neutral, it's bizarre to have a gender for God. Does God have sex? Does God have a sex?  You know, it's fascinating how, you know, the left and right have to use these extreme labels in anybody who they disagree with in order to delegitimize them and in order to be able to say and do whatever they want against them. So many times, if anybody's on the left, they're a communist, and that, you know, communism is clearly evil, and therefore it's okay to do whatever with them. I've seen many people do that. If you're on the right, you're automatically a Nazi.  He's the good guy.  That's unequivocal, that's easy. What makes the Ukrainian Nazis? Nobody knows, right? All the supposed atrocities of the Ukrainians against Russian speakers in the Donbass while, I'm sure there were some really bad actions that the Ukrainians took towards Russian speakers in the Donbass, most of what you hear about that is Russian propaganda. Most of the damage in the Donbass was at the Kremlin's instigation and the support of the Kremlin and it was done by the pro-Russia element in the Donbass attacking Ukraine. So while I don't think Ukraine is an innocent, far from perfect and certainly not a free, pro-capitalist free society, it is light years better as a society and is light year more innocent than Russia is in this entire conflict. At the end of the day what motivates Putin and what motivates the Russian elite is a mystical notion of a greater Russia is a mystic, you know Putin said in his speech the other day he said explicitly that Ukraine is part of Russia that it is an artificial it's completely artificial that Ukraine was separated from Russia Ukraine is a part of Russia Ukraine is Russia of course so is Moldova so is other places around Europe parts of this great Russian empire you know and there's absolutely no reason to believe that if he was successful in Ukraine he wouldn't try to take Tbilisi in Georgia he wouldn't try to he wouldn't try to get Kazakhstan back under the umbrella of Russia it is under the umbrella but under explicit rule of the Russians so look I mean this is a Russian war of aggression a war of expansion this is Russia's fault from beginning to end that has been clear from the beginning it becomes clearer and clearer as we move as the war is evolved and the reality is the more the more Putin talks the more he tries to explain himself the more he explains what's going on the clearer it becomes that everything we have said others have said about Putin's motivations about Russia's motivations are true Russia are the bad guys here unequivocal alright let's see let's take some of these questions I'll start with questions specifically on on the war this is from Vlad it is clear by now that there's no military purpose in whatever Russian army is doing after initial failure near Kiev the goal is political to keep the appearance of a war as unwinnable by Ukraine as long as possible I think that's right I still think there is some and I think a self delusion among Russian elites I think as we know politicians and bad people can delude themselves for a very very long time you know how long did Hitler think that he could still somehow pull it out and somehow still win or at least somehow still maintain power and stay you know keep the allies away it was obvious it was obvious from the success of D-Day that his days were numbered and yet he kept on going and the Germans kept on fighting so accepting accepting defeat acknowledging defeat is something that requires of a of a nation at war in battle is something that often you know leaders cannot accept and cannot get their arms around and will not recognize and again since they don't value since Putin and his thugs don't value human life they are basically playing a game now of dragging it out Putin once in a while will threaten use of nuclear weapons just again to cause the west to pause I do think Putin can rationalize saying well western support will crumble well my threats of nuclear using nuclear weapons will ultimately will ultimately get them get the west to stop supporting the Ukrainians I don't think it's the case that Putin and the Russian elite know they've lost and now you know they just want to keep up appearances I think I think if they you know if they were honest then yes but I don't think they're honest so I think they keep diluting themselves they keep evading they keep rationalizing and keep coming up with new things now Russia has exited a treaty with the United States and they think that's going to put pressure on even though let me do this hello I had a late check out I'm an ambassador so I thought I had a late check out but I will be checking out at 1.15 I've got a call coming to pick me up at 1.15 yep okay thank you thank you hotel thought I was checking out Russia is exiting the last nuclear treaty it had with the United States it was going to exit it anyway these treaties are meaningless Russia doesn't abide by them anyway so that is again just a little threat to try to influence the west it seems to be going nowhere but yes I think the Russian elites are still diluting themselves and as long as they can throw more troops in they will continue to do so there is some limit to recognize and that's why they're not doing mass call up of new troops because they realize there is a limit to what they can do internally in Russia there is a limit to how many young men they can send into the battlefield to be killed both from an economic perspective and a political perspective but they will drag this out as long as possible and they will use as many threats as possible to try to get the West to waver in its support of Ukraine Shazbot the Russians train their generals by showing them Blackadder goes forth God that is one of the funniest and saddest shows you will ever see Blackadder the fourth season which is set on the trenches of World War 1 is both hysterically funny and really depressing to think of that kind of warfare and what they did and how stupid that war was World War 1 was the dumbest war ever alright let's see okay Adam Campbell says morning from the United States thanks for doing videos while traveling by the way many bedside humidifiers that use simple disposable water bottles are easy to pack and a game changer for hotel air for example superior rest and technology hey I look for that that's interesting although the way I pack I really don't have any room okay Kira asks Michael Schumer had a tweet where he said that regulated capitalism has been one of the biggest drivers of human progress while unregulated capitalism led to bank real estate failures like 2008 he cited Turkey as being the former Turkey I don't get that Michael Schumer is wrong and confused and mistaken the whole thing is bizarre Michael Schumer should know better and he's friendly with a lot of good economists who could straighten him out unregulated capitalism before the financial crisis give me a break 2008 2007 banks were not regulated mortgages were not regulated real estate was not regulated I forgot that's right we didn't have a central bank before 2008 we just established it's just a waste of mind boggling how smart people can hold such stupid views Justin who is the okay Matthew thousands of Russians are at war so it's Russia's war not Putin's yes but thousands of Russians and millions of Russians support the war and maybe tens of millions of Russians support Putin so this is Russia suddenly Russian elites and Russian you know the people who govern and run Russia are responsible here and I think it's a complete mistake to attribute the atrocities of this war just to Putin and give the Russian people and the Russian elites a pass Kirol sorry I meant the latter he thinks unregulated capitalism is the cause of Turkey's death count due to the earthquake yeah that's a pretty standard that's a pretty standard accusation that is the reason the buildings collapse in Turkey is because there wasn't enough regulation and building codes but the fact is there were regulations of building codes in Turkey that's why some buildings didn't fall you know but what happens in a system like Turkey where there's no rule of law and no consequences and there's no insurance and there's no monitoring of quality of building except by the government what happens is the government bureaucrats are easy to bribe and so you bribe the government bureaucrat and you build whatever building you want so yes systems undeveloped systems of property rights and systems that are not developed with respect to human life don't protect human life and government regulations they are building codes in Turkey earthquake building codes in Turkey and they're arresting people right now who built those buildings that collapse but because government bureaucrats bureaucrats they are open to bribes and they open to bribery more so in poor countries than in rich countries but they're still open to bribes even in rich countries I would trust a private building inspector who works for an insurance company much more than I trust a government bureaucrat who works for the government and we don't have an unregulated true free market capitalist unregulated building code environment and if we had what you would see was that you would have alternatives to government regulations or building codes you would have building codes that were privatized through insurance companies and banks and other entities that might have a interest in the quality of the building and maybe people who are putting down payments on buying their apartments might hire inspectors there are all kinds of ways to do this in a free market mechanisms would evolve to make sure buildings are built well plus just in a place that respects human life builders and builders who build reputations build good buildings because they don't want their people dying they don't want to kill people Bash Bandigan says what might be the implications be if in actuality most of the entire Russian military is destroyed in Ukraine so they're only left with a nuclear force well I think as long as Ukraine does not invade Russia as long as Ukraine does not cross into what territory is recognized as Russia and I don't think the west of the United States would support them doing that and I don't think they want to do it as long as there wasn't an attempt to occupy Moscow I don't think there would be consequences I do not think that the Russian elite as bad as it is a suicidal I do not think that they would start a nuclear war unless they believe they were dead anyway so if the west attacked Moscow yes but if the west left Moscow and just allowed the Ukrainians to push the Russians back to the 2014 border get the Russians out of Crimea I don't think there would be any consequence the consequence would be a weakened horrified Russia that would have to find ways to rearm itself but probably wouldn't for long long long time for decades to rebuild its economy to rebuild its society I mean imagine how many hundreds of thousands of men would have been lost society, cultural wise it would be a decimated country and that could happen I do not think Putin would use nuclear weapons again unless Russia itself mainland Russia was threatened Michael says when is your next long-form show? I have a ton of great questions I'd like to ask I don't know, maybe tonight Tbilisi time, so I have to name for your time if not Friday, Saturday, Sunday I'll try to do a show each one of those days today is a short show because I do have to go catch an airplane Daniel, thank you, I appreciate the support and Alejandro says I'm still waiting for the WTI team inevitably hit $300 as Rabbi Jordan Peterson predicted it's going to happen any day now if you remember Jordan Peterson I made fun of him a little bit for this I think he deserved it Jordan Peterson if you remember at the beginning of the war or late into the war predicted that oil would be selling at $300 a barrel because Putin was all-powerful and that this war was for the West and Putin would use nuclear weapons if he was going to lose and on and on and on Jordan went and of course Putin for Jordan and this is the thing that and I don't understand I don't know if other people at the daily why I think this as well but Putin is the representative of western civilization Putin, this is a civil war within western civilization with Putin being the good guy because Putin's anti-trans and Putin's anti-gay and Putin's anti-the decadence of western culture so therefore Putin is on Jordan Peterson side so it's sad that Putin went to war that's not really the way friends resolve disputes but for Jordan Peterson's perspective Putin is fighting neoliberal decadent west and this is what you hear also from other people on the right Europe is and white administration is decadent and Putin is fighting it's good for Putin we support Putin alright Ariel says good night from New Zealand watching with my cat I don't know what time is it in New Zealand right now no idea what time it is New Zealand is like that way it's it's ahead of me right so it's yes it's evening so it's Thursday evening whereas in New York it's very early in the morning alright everybody thanks I have to run to get a car to the airport to get my flight to Tbilisi I will probably oh it's already after midnight wow it's already after midnight in New Zealand alright yeah I love New Zealand so Ariel I hope to visit you guys one day it would be great to give a talk in New Zealand I love New Zealand is just a beautiful place maybe the most beautiful place I've ever been to was the southern island of New Zealand alright thank you for all the super chat supporters thank you for all of you don't forget to just keep an eye out on your YouTube feed because I will be doing more shows from the road and I will be broadcasting some of my lectures live so thanks oh it's almost 1 a.m. Friday morning alright Kuro says Michael Schumer cited a book called The Big Myth by Nomi Osekas and Eric Conway which is about how American business taught us to load government and love the free market I don't know if you know this book I don't it's a new book but it's basically a book that supports regulatory you know the idea of we need to regulate business we need to regulate and the whole idea of free markets is a conspiracy led by businessmen to try to convince us to reduce regulations on them regulations are great regulations allow us all the wealth and prosperity we have today according to the book the book is a big lie but I haven't read it yet so I can't review it and can't give you info but just from the little life scene of it it's awful alright everybody I do have to run so again thank you for the support thank you for being here and I'll see you maybe later today


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So, last time we discussed the compactification of the moduli space on a cylinder, y times r, and just to recap that briefly, first thing, so here I've just indexed the moduli spaces between a pair of critical points by the dimension. I should really keep track of the homotopy class of paths between them, but which is simplicity. So, if I look at a zero-dimensional moduli space between a and b, it's empty except if, sorry, except if a equals b, then there's just a constant trajectory between them, okay? If there's a one-dimensional moduli space between a and b, then mod translation, I get a zero-dimensional set, finite set of points by compactness, and the two-dimensional moduli space mod translation, if I compactify it, consists of, well, the top stratum is one-dimensional, and is the two-dimensional moduli space mod the one-dimensional action, the group of translations, and then its boundary is all possible breaks that give you one-dimensional moduli spaces between them, and then mod up by translation. For the three-dimensional moduli space, top stratum is a three-dimensional bit, then it can break into a one-dimensional and a two-dimensional bit on one side or in the opposite order, and then there's a bit that's where there are two breaks. So, this guy's two-dimensional, and it looks a bit like this, so there's some, you know, looks a bit like a two-manifold with a corner, and these things look a bit like manifolds with corners as you go down, then something interesting happens in this particular story in dimension eight. Dimension eight, well, we have the same, the pieces that we've seen before, but then there's a new phenomenon, which is that a bubble can happen, and a bubble leaves behind, in this case, a moduli space of dimension. It's an 800 number, which means they're probably telling me that my social security number has been compromised, and you know, I'm going to go to jail or something like that. Anyway, so the next, so the new phenomenon that we're seeing is that there's this potential for bubbling, but you notice that what it leaves behind is a zero-dimensional moduli space in this case, so this only, there's only, there is a contribution here, but a has to be equal to b, and then there'll be more bubble contributions as you go down, but this is the first one, right, so here a equals b. Okay, and then I just want to recap why d squared is zero. The definition of d, the differential on our potential complex is that we count the number of trajectories in one-dimensional moduli spaces from a to b, sum over b, and that's our answer, and you notice that if I look at the matrix element for d squared from a to b, then we're just summing over all c that are allowed breaks, and that's the boundary of this compactification of the, boundary of the compactification of the two-dimensional m2 mod translation being the boundary, well at least it's zero m2, this is a one-manifold, it has two ends, in pairs of ends, even number of ends, okay, so that's, so d squared is zero, so this gives us our complex, and nice thing about, you know, as you learn about this stuff you have two choices, you can read lots of books on homological algebra, or you can listen very carefully to the whispers that the moduli spaces are trying to tell you, the latter is a much more productive activity, so let, so we can define maps between these chain complexes by looking at moduli spaces on, well instead of on a cylinder, let's put some interesting co-bordism between them and form this manifold of cylindrical ends, we're going to study instantons on here, behavior's the same, the only failure of compactness is bubbling, and then we can try and define a map which just counts, there's no longer a translation here, right, because this is just some form manifold we can't translate, so a sensible thing to try to do is just count the number of solutions between a given a and b, and then let's try and define a map, the image of a is, we look at all zero-dimensional moduli spaces on this manifold, count the number of solutions that end up at b, multiply by b, and that's a map, and then observation is that's actually a chain map, why, because if I look at, instead of moduli space, that's one-dimension higher, so I look on this four-manifold cylinder collend at a one-dimensional moduli space, what is the compactification of this guy look like, well there's only two interesting things that can lead to non-compactness, the dimensions too low for bubbling, right, so there's only two interesting phenomena, some energy can slide out to the right, your right, my right, depends, so that's somebody's right, anyway, left, or it can slide out to the right, that's stage, stage left, stage right, yeah, I don't know, I never remember stage left, stage right, is yours or mine, anyway, so if it slides out, dimension counting tells you the only thing that can happen is that it can slide, this is one-dimensional, so the dimensions add up, so either one-dimension goes out that way, it leaves zero here, or one goes out that way, it leaves zero here, so you get this kind of a, so the compactification of this one-dimensional moduli space is the moduli space mod translation sliding out that way, union zero-dimensional moduli space here and the opposite, and if you interpret this in terms of that map, it's just saying it's a chain map, right, and then, well, of course, now you should appreciate that we've made many choices in the construction, and we should check that these things are independent of the choices that we make, and then you can convince yourself that if you now look at, you know, you can look at moduli space, kind of parameterized moduli spaces and come up between chain homotopies, between these things, etc., so just kind of staring at the moduli spaces gives you a lot of nice stuff, okay, eraser, great, alright, so we basically got a floor homology group for a three-manifold, so we have, you know, we'd like to say the floor homology is just the homology of the chain complex, there's a bit of a lie, so because there might be reducible connections, reducible flat connections, so those are where the stabilizer of A is not, well, the center of the gauge group. Let's think about SU2, sorry, not equal to the center, centers, centers just plus or minus the identity in this case. If we have reducibles, then that kind of, if you think carefully through the story, it reeks some havoc, but there's a nice trick that we can do to avoid reducibles, alternatively we can work much harder. Now, the trick is, remember, we observed that on the two torus, this is T2 and P, there's a unique irreducible flat connection, you know, with SU2 connection up to conjugacy with holonomic conjugate to I around the point P, so we discussed that last time. Now, that's not quite a three-manifold, but, yeah, sorry, I'll do this a little bit out of order. So, let's look at, so this is the three-sphere, that's the hop flink, there's this blue point, let's consider, look at the hop flink in the three-sphere. If you think the complement of the hop flink retracts onto the torus that links either of these guys, it sits around either of these guys. So, I can think of S3 with the hop flink and this blue curve being my second Stiefel Whitney class is giving us, you know, a three-manifold whose representation spaces are identified with the representation space of the torus, so this guy has a unique irreducible flat connection. So, this S3H and this omega, this has a unique irreducible flat connection, flat SU2 connection up to conjugacy. So, we're going to connect some with this guy, so we take, so let's call this Y-sharp, so that's just to connect some of our three-manifold with this three-sphere and the hop flink, hop flink in this curve omega. Now, this has all the, all representations are irreducible, right? Because, since it's irreducible over here, well, this guy doesn't have any stabilizer, so whatever it has over here, the whole thing can't have a stabilizer, so that's great. But now, we've run into a slight problem. We have this hop flink and actually the holonomie, well, by construction, where's some other chalk? Did I say, I said, so the, the holonomie around here is minus the identity. So, the holonomie around here is minus the identity, but the holonomie around here is, is conjugate to, to the quaternion I, but as a, I mean that's the holonomie around one of these loops, right? The, the, remember this representation had holonomies say I around this loop and J around this loop, so it'll have holonomie I around this guy, J around this, this guy, those are, remember, conjugate, but okay, so this is not quite the story we have. This is now a three-manifold that has a knot in it. Okay, well, that's, maybe we should just figure out how to do that. Then we can do knot theory, too. So, Orbe folding. So, it turns out that a lot of the story for, for instanton fluoromology, etc., it, it works just as well for Orbe folds, not just ordinary manifolds. So, let's make our, but let's think about the simplest possible kind of Orbe fold that we could get. So, if we have a three-manifold with a knot, I'm going to construct an Orbe fold and it's going to be the kind of absolutely simplest Orbe fold. Namely, you know, there's my knot. Let's make the knot have a color. It's sitting innocently in the three-manifold and what I'm going to decide to do is, is think of constructing a manifold that has a cone angle of pi along the knot. So, kind of change the picture to think of it like this and here. So, in other words, I think, you know, to say another way, I could, I remove the tubular neighborhood of the knot, then I divide by a pi rotation to make an Orbe fold and then I stick in the tubular neighborhood again. That's just made the kind of, you know, the normal disk half as big. It's still a disk. The neighborhood that's boundary is still a torus. I can stick it back in and we get, you know, so that's the construction of the Orbe fold and we can sort of, you know, at this level of detail, we just repeat the construction of the instanton complex and, well, so there's one modification that happens. So, the main change, don't get something for nothing. So, by the way, when I put in this Orbe fold structure, I want to really exploit the fact that I have a knot and remember it in the definition. So, the way I'm going to do that is via what kind of connections I'm going to look at. I'm going to look at connections that are genuinely interesting Orbe fold connections so they should have non-trivial holonomy around this loop. So, if I have an Orbe fold, it's natural to think of its fundamental group as, you know, if I take a little loop that links the Orbe fold locus, well, going once around that loop should be an interesting curve. But in this case, if I go twice around it, that should be null homotopic. And, you know, that obviously generalizes to higher order kind of Orbe folds. So, I want the holonomy, so we're going to require the linking holonomy to be of order exactly 2. So, it's not trivial, it has to be order 2. Now, if, there's a little, this guy, I, of course, has ordered 4 in SU2. So, the way I'm going to think about this is really as, I'm going to think of it as an SO3 bundle away from this locus. I descends to an element of order 2 in SO3. So, it's fair to think about this kind of connection. So, I take my Hopflink in the story, construct an Orbe fold along the Hopflink, you know, look at interesting connections, think of, you know, interesting SO3 connections, but I'm only going to divide out by a kind of SU2 gauge group. Anyway, so, just sort of for the moment, believe that when you do this Orbe fold thing, you can construct an instanton of floor homologies, so that amongst the flack, if you computed the flack connections here, you just get the ones that we're looking at. The main difference in, in the, sorry, yes. No, if I, if I take, if I take, yeah, yeah, yeah. So, what I mean is that the limiting holonomy should be non-trivial. I mean, just to say, that is, I'm going to look at Orbe fold connections where in the Orbe fold chart, you know, an Orbe fold connection means that when I lift the Orbe fold chart, it's an honest connection, but it's invariant under the symmetry group, and I want the action on the bundle to be a particular non-trivial order 2 action. The connection has to respect that, which in kind of geometric terms passing down means that the holonomy as I link the loop, you know, shrink, have shrinking loops linking the thing, they have this order 2 holonomy. Okay, so the main difference is, is what the compactification looks like. And now, what can happen, well, so if I look at four manifold, I can do the same construction with a four manifold in a surface, like that. And now, there's two kinds of bubbling phenomena. You can bubble here, at a point interior, and the dimension drops by eight. And this story happens to be set up that, you know, so this has drop of eight. Now, you can also bubble at a point on the surface, and this has a dimension drop of four, turns out. So, the compactification's a little, you know, now it's a little more complicated, you need to keep track of bubbles on the four manifold bubbles on the surface, but the dimension drop is four, and that's still, if you go back and think about that compactification story that we looked at, the interesting thing, the interesting new thing that starts to happen when you try and look at the issue of defining d squared happens in the four dimensional moduli spaces between pairs of trajectories because you could have a bubble that leaves behind a trajectory between two equal connections, but only once it's four dimensional. So, you know, we can still get a differential on c star of y k, and d squared is zero. So, so we can define, so now that's great. Now, at least it makes sense, you know, if I do this procedure now using that definition, this instanton four homology makes sense for any three manifold, as long as I do this connect sum, and more generally it makes sense for knots in three manifolds. Yes? Oh, yeah, the model is, sorry I should have said that, I mean that if you look at instantons on r four, you could look at the instantons that are invariant under z two action that fixes a two plane and is minus one on the orthogonal two plane. Now, if you, you remember that, so, you know, the standard instanton is of course invariant under that, but the only conformal transformations which are invariant under that are conformal transformations of the fixed r two. So, the moduli space becomes, instead of s o five one mod s o five, it becomes s o two one mod s o, sorry, s o three one mod s o three, a hyperbolic, sorry, yeah, sorry, s o two one mod s o two, yeah, hyperbolic two space. And so, you should think of the frame moduli space. Anyway, I don't want to say more about that, just, I mean, I can say more about that later, but I want to kind of get through this story. No, no, you have to perturb.  Alternatively, well, of course, you could do more spot if you wanted, but think of doing more smell. So, some hidden perturbations that are swept under the rug. Anyway, so, we get, so, the compactification is a little more delicate, but there's still a differential, d squared is zero, and yeah, great. And so, more generally, we get an instant on floor homology for three manifold and a knot and, you know, the, just to draw that picture again. And so, here's why. Maybe there's some interesting knot in it. And there's the hot flank over here. There's three over here. Connect some. Right.   You have to keep track of this bit of data, so you need to take, drag a base point from one three manifold through to the other side. But there's, so, we get this invariant. Lovely. Okay. We got functoriality. Great. All right. So, I want to sketch for you an important property. So, this floor homology group, you know, it's like any homology group, it turns out that there are exact triangles that help you compute it. And I want to kind of sketch the story for the exact triangle for knots. There's actually an exact triangle with, just for three manifolds, which involves surgery on the three manifold. But I'm going to describe the exact triangle for knots. So, the exact triangle involves these three knots. So, I imagine there's some knot in the three manifold, and I see inside some three ball, this picture, and I replace it by these two pictures. Okay. And let's call this knot k0, k1, k, sorry, k2, k1, k0. And so, of course, you remember from Jake's lecture, this looks like the Havanoff picture, but the crossing is different. So, that's a, I'll explain more. I mean, sorry. So, if I have a planar projection, then there's a difference between this crossing.  Okay. What do you see from the back of the board? You see the same picture, actually.  Just bear with me for one moment. Sorry. Why are there three anyway? Sorry, let me, I should have, okay, let me, so these are three tetrahedra, and let's say, sorry, I got it. I have to get the convention right. Sorry. A tiny bit hopeless. I didn't think about them. Sorry. I don't want to do that one. I just did that one. Let's do this one. What's left? These opposite edges, that opposite edge. There's a meaning here. So, the tetrahedra, why did I draw that one differently? Sorry. Anyway, the tetrahedra has three pairs of opposite edges. The really important thing is how I'm going to go between these guys. Okay. So, in the Havana story, you know, it's just algebra. You pick some convention, you just got to make sure you stick with it somehow, and life is okay. In this story, we need some geometry. We need a co-boardism to define a map. And what the co-boardism is, if I want to go from here to here, there's a natural, there's a natural co-boardism. Now, what it does, so, you know, I start, so, I take this edge to kind of describe it. So, this is actually going to be a co-boardism in four space. I'm going to describe its projection into three space. I take this edge, and I start rotating it till it meets, you know, take this red edge, rotate it so that it stays on, the ends stay on the tetrahedra until it gets to here. And then the boundary includes this bit, which is this blue curve. All right. So, that gives me a co-boardism from here to here. Then there's similar co-boardisms that go, you know, so maybe that's sigma 21, sigma 1-0, sigma 0-2, and, you know,


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ThinkTekAway, civil engagement lives here. Welcome back to our relentless search for human-humane architecture here in our tropical paradise of Honolulu, Hawaii. And wait a minute, isn't that an oxymoron or a contradiction? Because paradise is usually lush and green and non-built, and Honolulu is a city, right? I think so. So, I guess maybe. But the three of us today here on Studio love that. We're all fans of tropical urban coastlines, which blend both. At the same time, say I have a city with a beach, is an easier way to say it, isn't that awesome? And I just on my way out today in the ABC store, I picked up something here that I found pretty hilarious. And that's sort of not the way we look at it, because this is sort of trying to romanticize a big problem, which is building buildings that are hermetic and overheat. And when they get hit by the west sun here, it might look pretty, but then it gets pretty hot. And so, if we don't burn fossil fuels, it's not as pretty in there as it looks from the outside. So, we don't want to look into that, but we want to look into the heydays of these sort of tropical urban coastline paradises. And that's a sort of, we're talking about an interesting relationship between two places. One is our place, Hawaii, and the other one is Australia. And there might be some interesting similarities. We're talking both places had indigenous cultures. And so, we're not talking about them, so we're talking about the post, basically contact phase, but we're talking about the pre-fossil phase as well. And that's when they started, there was no fossil fuel involved. So, for that, I have a perfect panel here today being comprised of Maria Savimacchi, who is back. Thank you very much. She used to be my dear colleague, and she's still my friend, but unfortunately for me, but fortunately for you, you went to another awesome place, that's Australia, on the sort of east coast, northeast coast. At Bond University, you will say the full name in a little bit. And so, you will share your gold coast, and to share our gold coast here, I have Laura McGuire back. Hi, Martin. Hi, Laura. My lovely colleague and dear friend, and she will be introducing an event of Doko Momo that we're all members in one way or another. And that's what makes us sit here together and basically share our passion about Doko Momo. And why don't we start out with you? We can call you Maggie as the short version, not Maggie, as Americans say, right? And this is a really intercultural international panel here of someone who comes from Finland originally, has lived in the U.S. and now lives in Australia as an American, who I say half of you is Austrian, and you said your daughter officially is, and me being all over the place too. So this is really interesting of us, sort of aliens looking at something that's foreign to us, and that way exotic to us, and maybe that's why we're so excited about it. So again, welcome back. And why don't we go to the first picture, and you, Maggie, explain us a little bit where you ended up being and how that place is. Well, yeah. Since I moved from Hawaii a little bit more than three years ago and ended in the Gold Coast of Australia, and I was bicycling around there, and I saw all these modernist buildings, not necessarily very high class modernist buildings, but the building environment in general has been built only since 1940s, and it came into my mind immediately that this would be the logical place to have a Doko Momo chapter. There is a Doko Momo Australia, but they are very active only in Sydney and Melbourne. And for the audience who's not familiar, Doko Momo means documenting and conserving the modern movement. That's behind that complicated name. And why don't we go and you share with us a couple of projects that sort of you admire, and why don't we go to slide number two for that reason here and just walk us through and explain a little bit about the architects and the time and the zeitgeist behind. Yeah. Fitz and Meyer House is designed by a firm called Hies and Scots, and they designed plenty of houses in the Gold Coast, but also in Brisbane. And this is a good example of one of their modernist buildings. Many of these first images that you will be seeing are actually houses that have already been demolished. And that is one of the reasons why there is a call for Doko Momo in the Gold Coast. And Gold Coast is a place that changes very rapidly. Many people consider the change itself as the identity of Gold Coast, which is of course dangerous for existing buildings. So many of these Scott and Hies buildings like this one have unfortunately been demolished now. And is the next picture, isn't that next project by the same architect? The same architect designed this small little house. There you can also see plenty of influence from the California case study houses, the color scheme in particular. And American influence was very strong in the mid-century, in the Gold Coast of Australia in particular. And also here we will have a show coming up with me, Ray Turin, who is helping to preserve a house that's by Clifford Young. There's these triangular color details also in that house. So these places informed each other. And obviously America was leading with the Intensa initiated case study house program. But then it went and you showed yesterday you gave a lovely lecture at school where you had more time and gave more meat. And we're showing all these magazines that Australians were really trying to model there. You said lifestyle, it wasn't just about architecture. It was an entire lifestyle. And was going after the raw model of the United States, especially the West Coast. Yeah. Yeah. And also in the Gold Coast, the whole city development, the canal development in particular, they were done according to the Florida model. And it just didn't start with simple family residences. Why don't we go to the next slide, which introduces an all-American typology, right? Yeah. Model was a new typology in Australia in 1950s. And here again, Heisen Scott designed this one. This was the first model in the surface paradise, which is one suburb in the Gold Coast. And you see typical modernist features like butterfly roofs and that type of things. And then next project, that sort of typology sort of mutated even more and became even more sort of what you call this multifunctional or a mixed use. What was that, the one at the bottom? Yeah, this is one of the hotels in surfers as well. Interesting in addition to the roof is that it was a combination of a hotel, bowling alley, and gasoline station. And here, the picture at the top, there's a really funny or not connection to Hawaii once again, right? Yeah, that's what is on that side now. And the current building was designed by the Hawaii firm W80G in mid-1990s, which was the heyday of post-modern architecture. So let's remind us there's a little... A big transition. There's a little hint about Pete Wimbley, who was the founder of the firm. There's a little discovery at your part of the show that we should reconnect to. This reminds me, by the way, of there's a new development here in Waikiki and it's replacing this King's Village little thing that looks pretty much like that. Oh, steel. Yeah, well, they tear it down. And I guess our challenge is that while the general public doesn't like these old things as much as we do, so we got to raise awareness and educate them pretty much and tell them the stories. And that's what Doko Momo does in general and these walking tours are very common and specific, which we'll find out with your example pretty soon. So go to the next typology here, going even bigger. Yeah, this was the first large-scale hotel in the Gold Coast. It was considered very tall building and large in scale too. It was designed by an Austrian immigrant, Karl Langer, who then became a very prominent architect but also architecture educators, at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, and Heisen Scott, whom I mentioned earlier, were both his students. So you made another person to look at. So it was, again, like we're sitting here from all over the world. You know, it got people from all over the world being excited about these sort of exotic tropical areas and contribute and trying to sort of blend their legacy from the high-modern international style but then sort of tropicizing that and making it climatically and culturally... Sort of filters down in interesting ways over time. Exactly, and you have lots to say about that. And so the next picture is sort of the last typology you're going to share with us. Yeah, this is kind of a more positive story. Kinkabool was the tallest building in the Gold Coast. As you see, everything else is very low there. When it was built in 19... No, I have forgotten the year, but I think... Mid-century. Yeah, mid-century, yes. And it pretty much also became the precedent for condominium architecture in the Gold Coast, which is not so much urban condominium, but it's more like a resort style that they normally have with pools and things like that. But fortunately, it still exists in the upper... A photograph, you see what is around it now. So it's definitely not the tallest building anymore, but now it is added in the national register, so it is protected. And you've been good, it's still there. I recognize something that's very familiar to us here as well, that unfortunately these very... And you told me that there's a lot of influence from Hawaii, even down to terminology, that what we call a nai, is the mainlanders call it balcony. Some also call it lanai over there. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Many Gold Coasters actually call it their balconies and next lanais. So that's one of the interesting things that one word to that gave directly. And they're the easy breezy outdoor extension areas. And unfortunately, as you can see in the contemporary picture here, people enclose them to gain more square footage to make it more valuable. But they basically decrease the actual user value, the livable value, yeah, by making it hot. So that's something we've got to teach. Actually, the project I'm going to present on the walking tour is another example of that one. So education has to happen on these many levels. Obviously, on the macro level to keep the buildings around, but then also on the micro level of the details, right, appreciating them. Exactly. Very cool. And you want to introduce a dear colleague of yours as well. Yeah, or actually, my PhD supervisor also, Victoria Jones, who has been kind of enthousiast of mid-century modernism for a long time. She has a fantastic collection of all kinds of tourist memorabilia. Let's go to the next picture for that reason here. That illustrates it pretty well. And she's also very active in Instagram and in social media in general, doing a little bit what Doko Mama should also be doing, educating the public about the value of this type of architecture. As I mentioned earlier, many of these architect-designed fantastic houses have been demolished, but there is still plenty actually existing in the Gold Coast. People just don't know about it. So in addition to this type of social media pages, the walking tools in particular would be fantastic to start organizing there. Absolutely. So then let's start walking and you gave us a nice transitional image. The next picture here, which Tori basically provided and once again showing how much Hawaii is present over there, right? Yeah, this Havayana topic is very typical there. The word aloha appears everywhere. I always find it so amusing because I used to live in Hawaii many years. Exactly. And so let's go to the next picture and have you, Laura, share with us. This is the title page of the brochure of the current walking tour that you kindly are spearheading and organizing for us. And it's going to happen next Saturday on the 13th starting at 9am. 9am. And just give us a little appetizer. Well, you know, when we were first starting to plan the tour, we were kind of floundering around about which locations to use because we've used a number of them already in the past and we needed to keep it manageable and also a nice walk. And I drive down Kapa Hulu quite often and it's an area of town that I've always really liked and I thought, well, hey, you know, there are a lot of interesting buildings right around this area. Why don't we confine it to the Capuloni Park area? And as I started doing research, I started to understand how much change had actually happened in that part of the city at mid-century. Really starting from the late 1940s and into the 1950s, the entire area around the park was redeveloped. So all of the street patterns, really, that we know today did not exist until then. So it actually goes to the next page here where you nicely map for us, actually the tour and also the neighborhood and the little posts that we're going to go and walk along, right? So this is a map that you guys will use because you're all coming or watching, of course. I hope so. I'm so happy I'm still here. Yeah, it's what a reunion, right? And walk us through a little bit where you start and this is strongly related. Next picture, please. And I'm saying we try to basically have the most perfect people at each building. And this here is this sort of triumvirate of Don Hibbert and Jack Gilmer and yourself. We're working on a book about this gentleman here, Alfred Price, who's Austrian, no wonder. And so that's where you start out and as leading, you know, give your introduction talk. Yeah, so I'll be giving a short introduction in front of the zoo and then people will leave in groups to go on to the next site. Awesome. And the picture on the top left is we can say it's going to be fun because we did it already. That was last Saturday, our rehearsal tour. And we had a lot of fun, which we'll share with you a little bit as well. So let's move on to the next post project here. So this is the Waikiki Shell, which was designed by Law and Wilson in the late 1950s. It was opened in 1956. And I never had really paid that much attention to this building for a while because you kind of walk by it, but you don't necessarily see it. I haven't yet been to any events there. But I did always see this wonderful space age arch kind of peeping over the palm trees. And I was really excited to get a much closer look at it. It does use a parabolic arch and I actually have to say that this building predates Sarenan's St. Louis arch. Oh, really? It does. By about four years, actually. So Hawaii was ahead. I encourage you to go to shows. It's spectacular. Just the feeling, the outdoor feeling and you see Diamond Head and they're orchestrated. Of course, the shows start when it's still bright outside and then it gets dark. I see Bonnie Raid there. For me, it's my front yard too. So it's like people coming from all over the world to travel intercontinentally to see their stars and I'm just falling out of my bed in my front yard. This is really cool. Such an urban event space is really pretty precious for us. Let's move on to another typology that's very close to you as a mother. Yes, well, this is the Waikiki school which was designed by Wayne Owens in the early 1960s. The reason it was built is right at mid-century the city of Honolulu and the Department of Education was starting to pump a lot of money into rebuilding the public schools which by the 1950s were all mostly in old wooden buildings that were termite infested and lack ventilation and so forth. So Wayne Owens actually studied and worked with Vladimir Asipov earlier in the 1950s and I think through his education with Asipov, he came out and did this building with ventilation systems. It's directed and oriented towards winds coming from Malca so they travel all the way through the building towards the south. It's a really wonderful design and it doesn't need air conditioning. Perfect, as it should be here. And next picture is moving on to the dwelling typology here and this is again our most expert and scholar is John Williams up here who's an Edwin Bauer fan and scholar and expert and following him was Graham Hart with Brent doing a follow-up show of Volume 2 so John will be there and basically, you know sharing a building from his favorite architect but the second from the top is in fact going back to the redevelopment the sort of tragic in the 90s of whatever came out of Wimbley's firm but this is Pete Live an awesome transformation station which you wouldn't think architects would do that but back in the days the total piece of artwork they did it and they incorporated artists so there's this exquisite Edward Brownlee gate sort of thing in there It seems almost Mayan in a way to me it has a real Latin American feel So guys, that's what we will do it's not just there's a professor lecturing and this is all of us finding out things smell, look, touch exactly yeah and a multitude of typologies the next one is yeah this is a funny one because I don't really know what kind of typology to call it actually you know international style meets the first Hawaiian bank did we decide it was sandstone? I can't remember well again, that's like what we're saying it's not like we know and we educate people who don't know I mean many things we know but then we were debating actually you see Graham here and Don saying this is local sandstone I said where is that from and I think he said that's from Wainae but then we found this sort of fossil shell so we're thinking maybe there's some coral in there but the most finding for me was the top right picture because I've always had some my hoods and I appreciate the gesture and a lot of effort that usually clients would value engineer and clip off all these bellows straights right but the top one looked really chunky so we're looking and we saw this we thought why is there basically a sprinter system up there and we came to the I think understanding there might be an irrigation line that these are so big because they might have been planters and planted and that would give reason to how they look like and we stopped doing that unfortunately but again that's us local momo going to clients educating them and saying hey why don't you go back and do that and I had that experience with my dear mentor Robert McCarter when he was here we gave him a tour and we ended up at Price's church on Baritania and they had just taken off the vegetative sun shading and they were complaining about they need to do something you were like well how was it originally why did you bring it back and grow stuff again it's really about education a lot so let's move on to a next grade important neighborhood typology this is the Waikiki public library and it has a lot of influences I think going on here but one of the things that strikes me about it is how much it relates to local domestic typologies it's kind of sending across a certain message like this isn't just a public institution this is also a home it fits in very well to the rest of the construction and the neighborhood it does have this nice mixing again with local stone with this very international style glazing in the front but then surmounted by this wide eaved Hawaiian roof so it's really a mixture of different impulses that's an early Frank Haynes and his partners also the architect of our lovely Sincla Library which we would have left to get in but now thankfully we should say students get in there but not our students but university students so this isn't and also the little picture I took here this is Tonya Moy and John again being wearing appropriate tropical things and their tropical hats and so you're saying yeah I should mention too that after having done the test run of this we realized it's pretty hot we will be leaving an hour earlier than we left on the test run but if you do end up coming please bring your hat, your sunscreen your sunglasses we will be providing some water but if you want to have additional water you are welcome to bring it I think it's such a residential community please show us one more school next image yeah this is the Jefferson School and it was built really piecemeal through the 1960's and 70's there were arguments about where the roads were going to intersect most of these school buildings in the area were taken by an eminent domain but there was a lot of legal wrangling that spanned almost 10 years before they could acquire the sites two of the buildings here though are really interesting because they were actually designed by someone who was a student who trained with Franklin Wright actually I have his name Hideo Murakama was his name and I would actually imagine that he might have been one of Wright's earlier Japanese American students very cool alright since we are on the Gold Coast and it booms and you know as all on steroids there must be a high rise type policy here as well so next picture and that's where I will stand I'm going to let Martin talk about this one I love this building it's really one of my favorites it is we already sort of must have known because we referenced to it the middle picture is a previous show that we did about tropical circulation so easy breezy open staircases this one is nicely sheltered by the breeze block and I took this picture on the left of that picture that shows that and the picture above that is a show about another project by the same architects that were park associates and they confirm my theory that for a while actually the non-architects the engineers have been the better architects and I keep believing that shouldn't say that maybe to the scale of engineering I should say that and this is the place that our past president Obama grew up in with his grandmother that's a building and another one is one of the most lovely buildings in Waikiki in the heart of Waikiki on Kawakawa Avenue that we will do a show about that is the Waikiki Circle Tower so the firm hired an architect for a while and this architect basically did this building here and we will talk about it what we won't get, only get stuck sort of in the past we also want to look into the past for the future and learn from the past for the future and we'll not be afraid talking about touchy stuff and the very bottom picture there's a little picture in that picture as reference to a show that DeSoto and I did that was about tropical tectonics or in that case the absence of it because they've put a single story denny's that's a pretty hilarious, cheesy thing put that next and this is both from an urban point of view from an architectural point really a crime and so again we don't want to get stuck and be called only sentimental you know but we love good design and good design basically was the mainstream way back and we want that to be the mainstream again so I think it's very important you know history as we tell our students all the time in the Doco Momo Gold Coast Australia we have seen exactly the same idea that there is no need to be sorry about the buildings that have already gone but we are looking at the modern east concepts and how those could be applied in architecture today and urban planning today so while phasing out where do we conclude the show because we only have a minute left but where do we conclude the tour next picture and final picture well this is the really fun part of the tour besides the going around and poking buildings part we are going to be having a catered reception at the Queen Capulani right in front in their newest patio bar area so yummy snacks some Doco Momo themed cocktails it should be quite an experience and Maggie smiles because that's her hotel right now so convenient all stars aligned I would say and with that the last picture please up and just to thank you very much both of having had this excellent panel and sharing our passion about Doco Momo and advocating for our activities and hope you all come we all come obviously on Saturday and I left this if we can get the last picture back one more time I left that top right square empty for you Maggie in filling that in the future with your exciting activities and walking tours and please stay in touch and do more shows definitely and I will send you an image of a Gold Coast walking tour very good I would be very welcome all right well thank you so much so hope you see us next week next week is the long expected final episode of the architecture of the University of Hawaii Manoa and it's called the fall and potential re-rise I hope this is exciting enough and mysterious enough and until then please keep our coast golden bye bye


physics channel for physics please subscribe my channel hello and welcome back to another episode of physics partner today we embark on a mind expanding journey into the fascinating world of waves waves in essence are the rhythmic disturbances that transmit energy through a medium not all waves actually required a physical medium through which to travel this fact allow us to put all waves into two broad categories number one mechanical waves of waves that requires a physical medium through which to travel the number two category is electromagnetic waves they do not require a physical medium through which to travel when a mechanical wave moves through a physical medium the particles in the medium oscillates in simple harmonic motion you can see on this screen this is showing a simple harmonic motion you can also watch my video about simple harmonic motion I will share the link in the description now let's talk about two fundamental types of waves transverse waves and longitudinal waves transverse waves oscillates perpendicular to the direction of their propagation for example wave generation by battling ropes electromagnetic waves radio waves micro wave ultraviolet etc vibration of a guitar string and Mexican waves in a sports stadium these are the example longitudinal waves on the other hand oscillates parallel to the direction of travel such as sound waves moving through air another example is a pressure waves for example a drummer hits a drum this is the initial pressure wave similarly primary waves in an earthquake is also example of longitudinal waves ultrasound waves which is used for medical imaging is also one of the example of longitudinal waves similarly shock waves produced by supersonic aircraft and explosions let's recall some basic terms related to the waves for example period period is the total time taken for one complete cycle frequency the number of cycles per unit time for example the number of cycles in one second will be considered as frequency amplitude the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position you can see here on the screen this line shows the equilibrium position another important wave characteristics is wavelength wavelength is the distance from one crest to the next or between two adjacent points in the same rate of motion let's see the calculation associated with waves you can see on the screen V is equal to f times lambda where V is the velocity of the waves the speed of the waves usually measures in meter per second frequency as I discussed you the unit is Hertz and the lambda is a wavelength major in meter remember it's lambda is a symbol of wavelength not the unit the unit of wavelength is meter so let's try a virtual experiment to understand more about the wave formation and the terms we just discuss so this is a virtual wave machine you can see on the screen so let's see how waves are going to be formed so right now we are going to study the transverse waves so you can see the particles are moving up and down direction of propagation let's have a look from another angle so you can see the mean position is the black line and you can see the amplitude very easily look another way from top side you can easily see the particles are moving up and down let's see the 3d form so you can see very clearly every particle is moving up and down and making our transverse waves let's move to the longitudinal wave how it works so you can see the movement of particles here instead of up and down they are moving back and forth you can see the direction of movement is parallel to the direction of propagation of wave let's see from this angle the all particles are coming closer and moving away from each other it is called compression and rare faction so let's see from the top okay you can see here now the all particles are parallel to the direction of propagation they are coming closer and moving far away this demonstration shows the movement of particles in the longitudinal phase let's see the 3d view you can see the mean position line the black one and you can see all particles are on the same line to make longitudinal waves so i think it's enough for today so thank you very much for listening and watching i hope you enjoyed the video i hope this video is useful for you so take care of yourself and don't hesitate to write an email if you have any question curies suggestion and even classes are required take care of yourself meanwhile see you in the next video goodbye