Hey friends today, we are hanging out in New Orleans, and I am so excited Disney invited me here to join up with some Disney Imagineers and show you the amazing research They have done to bring Tiana's Bayou adventure to life We are gonna hang out in the Bayou eat some amazing food and have a beautiful New Orleans kind of day Anywho's, let's go do this We have explored so many amazing places the past couple of months and there's so much more I want to show you It's a big world out there, but I can honestly say this might be one of my best videos and best trips I've ever been on I Am so incredibly honored to be included in this I've always been a fan of Disney Imagineers and I think they have the coolest jobs ever and hearing stories of Joe Rody going to Asia and Africa to do research to build the animal Kingdom was one of the greatest things I've ever learned and now I get to be a part of it here in New Orleans for Tiana's Bayou adventure We're gonna be retracing the steps of the Disney Imagineers who are working on the attraction and going through their research Process, we're gonna be diving into the bayou We're gonna rent a boat and go out on the bayou and check out the wildlife We're gonna explore the city and see the arts listen to the music and then we're gonna have dinner We're gonna eat at the most iconic Creole restaurant in New Orleans Ducky Chase and this place is the inspiration for Princess and the Frog the great late chef Leah Chase was Princess Tiana like that was her and this is so unbelievably amazing I can't wait to share it all with you guys, but first I just got here I have to get checked into my hotel and I need to get coffee and then we're gonna start the day and I guess the best way to start out the day is with some beignets and coffee at Cafe du Monde Original French market coffee stand right outside Jackson Square here also take a look at this New Orleans sign Gives you a little bit of the history and I kind of just like the way it looks This is my first time ever visiting New Orleans, and I'm so excited to share that with you There are so many things that I want to do and I've always wanted to try the beignets at Cafe du Monde I've always hear people talk about it. I see it on travel shows and finally I get to do it I'm started off my day with some beignets and coffee Here it is Cafe du Monde the original coffee stand cash only establishment they've got signs everywhere and Table service so please be seated. Here's a little bit of the menu right here Look at this definitely getting some coffee definitely getting some beignets Orders of three French doughnuts three dollars and eighty five cents. Wow. That's actually really affordable In my Experiences any place or any establishment that runs a cash only like operation Usually has really really good food. I don't know why it is that way like most pizza places if they're doing cash only It's gonna be good pizza and I feel like maybe it's the same way with beignets There are places you can sit inside and outside But I just want to show you this really cool plaque right here That talks about the history of Cafe du Monde and how it's been here since the early 1860s and this is the inside seating area It looks so cool. I rather sit outside though, but this is really like awesome to see I am honestly so surprised on how affordable everything is I got a cafe au lait and also an order of beignets So you get three beignets and then a small cafe au lait and it came to seven dollars seven dollars for both I don't even think I can get a Starbucks coffee For the same price as both of these items here and take a look at that Look at those beignets. They really don't hold back on the sugar and the coffee looks really good I'm excited to dive in. Hopefully I don't make a mess The beignets are super hot and fresh and I cannot wait to dive into it As long as I don't breathe in real quick or cough or anything like that I'm sure I can avoid any powdered sugar mess. So here we go They are so good. I don't know It's got to be the batter like it's not like fluffy. It's just very delicious So much flavor and I'm sure it's going to be great when I combine it with the coffee right there. What a combination I have eaten one beignet. I have powdered sugar in my beard on my hat In my coffee Literally, I don't even need to add sugar because you just put the coffee underneath and it'll actually catch all the sugar that you need And I'm happy. I'm happy. I'm happy right now All right. I am calling it quits here though I am very full and look at I did really good with the powdered sugar I mean, it's just a little bit. But if you just look around on the grounds, you'll see powdered sugar everywhere And would you look at that? I got a snazzy new hat. What do you guys think? I think it looks good I always like to buy new hats whenever I visit somewhere. I've never been before But now I got to carry this one around with me From where we were just sitting Jackson Square is right across the street here and they've got a whole bunch of different horse carriages over here And I kind of just want to walk around and explore a little bit lots of art too. I like that This is a very busy area and lots of tourists just walking around including myself And you'll see art vendors live music and a couple of really awesome jazz clubs that I'll point out But we're just going to walk around and explore a little bit until our hotel is ready for us I made my way down to royal street and this is so amazing. I am so happy to be here A lot of people have no idea how much influence new orleans has on walt Disney world and disney parks in general In the late 1950s walt and lily and disney came to new orleans for vacation And when walt was browsing around all the different shops and stores he came across a mechanical toy bird And he was so fascinated because the toy bird could flap its wings and it can move its head And he just wanted to know how it worked So he ended up purchasing it and then bringing it back to the disney imagineers And that was the inspiration for audio animal electronics How awesome is that we have to thank new orleans for audio animal electronics and that is such a big thing In the disney parks and then eventually walt decided to bring new orleans square to disney land And that's how I kind of fell in love with the idea of coming here Like when I visited new orleans square, I was like wow, it would be amazing to go to new orleans and look at us Look at us. We're here. We did it Can you even imagine what the world would be like today if walt didn't actually walk into that shop And find that bird so now I feel like I want to explore every single shop Whether it be a voodoo shop a local treasure store an antique store or even a mass shop You know, you never know what could happen when you walk into a store One of the reasons I love disney parks is the fact that they put in so much research and They really become subject matter experts in whatever they are designing or creating And I think that's what makes it as special and magical as it is Right here is the original pat o bryans and take a look at that mint julep sign They have hanging there. How cool is that and then right next door is preservation hall And this is one of the most iconic live music venues in all of the world Some of the most famous jazz musicians have actually performed in here and it's been around since the 1950s It has like all hardwood floors. No ac and we're actually going to be going there later with disney I can't wait to actually be inside there. It's going to be such an iconic moment I can't wait to share it with you, but that's a little bit later on in the video In fact, I'm pretty positive that disney First made the announcement that tiana's value adventure would be coming to disney land and wild disney world Right here inside preservation hall So how amazing is that I cannot wait to see the inside for myself? And we're going to keep moving along down to bourbon street For the most part this is going to be the loudest area That we're going to be walking around and probably the most popular and busy area too It goes all the way down that way and then all the way down that way to canal And it is super busy here and all they got the balconies up there tons of different stops for parties and drinks and Little tiny restaurants. It is really really a very bebop and spot Now it's time to head back to the hotel. Our room is ready and get ready to go explore the bayou I am so excited. We're going to be joining up with some of the Disney Imagineers that are working on princess and the frog Well, not princess and the frog tiana's value adventure and exploring the bayou The hotel I am staying at is the nopsey hotel And it's so awesome because this used to be the new orleans public service Incorporated and this was like their office building and this is where you would come and pay your utilities And as you walk around like the french quarter in new orleans, you'll actually see sewer grates that say nopsey on them All right, we are all checked in I switched out my outfit. I've got my princess and the frog rosavel shirt on I felt that was very fitting since we are going to be going out on the bayou And then going to eat at dukey chases restaurant Which is the inspiration for princess and the frog and i'm so excited and the main point of this video is to show you How much research and attention to detail disney has put into Creating tiana's bayou adventure and we're going to dive in to some really amazing new orleans and bayou Just customs We have made our way out to cajun encounters This is a swamp tour on the bayou and it's about 45 minutes away from Our hotel, but it is so beautiful here and I cannot wait to actually go out on the bayou and probably see some wildlife The main reason we're going out on the bayou is because like I said, the wild disney imagineers who are working On tiana's bayou adventure Actually did this and this is how they got their research on how they want to design the attraction itself And they're kind of giving us a guided tour pointing out the things that they learned and that's so amazing to me Like i'm literally I i'm geeking out over this whole entire trip But this right now is definitely something i'm going to remember forever This is going to be so awesome. I'm not too sure how loud it's going to be out there We're just going in like regular pontoon boats, but at least they're covered But I cannot wait to see some of the wildlife some of the plants and just explore the bayou. We're we're on it Look at this. Look at that. Oh my lord. I didn't see this behind us, but this is where I want to go I want to go down that way We just put on plenty of sunblock and then also a bug spray So we should be good on that. I was gonna wear pants today, but it's definitely way too hot for pants Obviously I see a lot of alligators in florida But it's it's kind of cool to be able to see alligators in a different state You know what I mean, especially new orleans alligators. That's the fancy kind He's coming over He's coming over he came to your side He likes bright colors When the Imagineers were doing their research for tiana's bayou adventure They were actually looking for all the different animals that are in the bayou itself So they want to be very particular with that and it's really cool because i'm hoping to spot more than just alligators And uh, we'll just keep our eyes peeled, you know One of the cool stories are heard from the Imagineers that are working on tiana's bayou adventure when they came out and did this They heard like some something rustling in the woods and then an armadillo came out and they got so excited And now they're like oh we can add an armadillo into the attraction. I think that's really cool I think we're about to pick up some speed here holding on to our hats hold on to your hats and glasses folks Oh This is great Oh my lord, he's coming straight for us. We're getting attacked on all sides This one's circling. We've got a gator in the front. There's three of them now. Oh boy. They're coming. Oh, there's another one We're surrounded There are alligators flocking from all over the place coming to the boat and we got another one coming up right here That was too close for me And i'm a little afraid now I'm a little shaken now. Is this the same guy? Is he coming back?  It does get tight. It does get narrow So if it looks like i'm gonna hit something I'm probably gonna hit it. This is where I want it to be Oh, it's a raccoon. I got so excited for a raccoon. There's another one. Look at there's another one coming There's another one right here So raccoons can't Actually swim so they just climb the trees and they don't like to come out from like the trees themselves because of alligators And there's an alligator in this area. So the raccoons are being very careful Look here comes one coming out of here. Look at Nope, that's an alligator I did not expect to see raccoons in the bio I didn't even know they were actually here But I mean they could be anywhere But that was really cool and also plays back into when I was talking about the imagineers finding All the different animals and I think they have like Like I think they said like 11 or 12 different species. I might be wrong, but I have to check but that's pretty impressive Oh now we got some turtles coming in look at Just ruined chicken nuggets for me What are you eating now? It's treaty Another thing the imagineers were researching when they came to the bayou was all of the plant life Like all of the trees the lily pads and they wanted to make the ride Look as much as the bayou was possible. So it's kind of cool to notice these things and we are getting really close to a tree right now We're gonna head we're gonna head Boom I'm sorry. I kind of panicked because I was Recording and then we were kind of inching closer to the tree But like I said speaking of trees imagineers were Really looking at all the different plants and trying to make the ride as identical to the bayou as possible Oh my lord This is the worst time for us to be tilting this way He's coming in hot Hilton He's right on you there The amount of love raccoons are getting on this boat is so amazing Raccoons stole the show like they really did We got a giant blue heron here They actually just said that the blue heron is responsible for most of the uh baby alligator That's because they actually eat baby alligators. It looks like he's hunting for one Look at you. It's good luck when a dragonfly lands on you. Is it or is that a ladybug? I'm gonna go with it. Um, I'm not the most comfortable right now You don't like it. Why would I leave you alone? I don't know. I think it's fascinating. I can't look away It's it it's pretty cool. You literally have a dragonfly sitting on your knee The bayou tour was incredible so many memorable moments everything from the raccoons to crashing into trees I loved it and I'm gonna remember this forever. This was this was so epic and it wasn't even that hot I didn't even like sweat at all. It was actually very Breezy and cool and now we're gonna leave and continue on with the the imagineers and Follow their footsteps on research and we're gonna go to the yaya art center We have made it to yaya's art center and I can't wait to actually show you around and talk about How awesome this place is Yaya stands for young aspirations and young artist and it's a center here in New Orleans that teaches children art and it keeps the arts alive and uh, disney actually reached out to them and they had an artist actually commissioned to draw a couple will make a couple pieces on princess and the frog and then they drew Inspiration from those pieces and we're gonna see one of them today And we're gonna talk to them about it and then also we can even buy some art if we want to and I think it's really cool Like I said, you want to take it at all the food the art the music Everything and they just want to make it as actual to New Orleans as possible I have decided to actually buy this Josephine Baker Piece of art right here and then also over here the fats domino And I'm gonna take these home with me so that I can remember my new Orleans trip Now we're gonna take a quick break and marlin west who was one of the animators or He's actually a part of disney animation. He worked on princess and the frog He's actually going to come in and do a little teaching lesson here at y'all y'all y'all's For all of the students and I think that's that's amazing to have a disney artist come in and actually show you some things So hi everybody, my name is marlin west I'm from the Walt Disney animation studios I'm the visual effects supervisor there. I'll come and explain you what that is in a little bit Again, this is going to my control over this and she's staring down a lot. I can't stand the contest And this is the same from the Final color This just kind of shows all the different little pieces So this is flattening You know, these are all computers and they actually are in 3d space I am so excited. I'm going to be taking home some art from y'all y'all's and now it's time We're going to go get something to eat. We're going to the place. I've been waiting to go to for such a long time I'm going to get some good authentic gumbo and jambalaya And we have officially made it to dookie chases restaurant. I am so excited. It's been around since 1941 And like I mentioned, it is the inspiration of princess and the frog and chef lea chase Was the inspiration for princess tiana and sadly she did pass away But the family still keeps everything running in her memory And we're going to actually talk to the the chase family and hear a little bit about their story And also try some of the amazing food Chef lea chase was such an inspirational person within the community And they actually called her the queen of creo And it's so awesome when you hear a little bit of her When you hear a little bit of dookie chases history, you're going to see the similarities within princess and the frog And actually once you actually watch princess and the frog you see the beginning scene where princess tiana and her father are making gumbo And then once they're done with the gumbo they come out and they actually give it out to the community That's much like dookie chases here And it's going to be amazing to be inside there and actually just be at such a historical place Dookie chases restaurant gain notoriety as a safe place where people of all races could sit down to meet and discuss strategies for the civil rights movement and iconic civil rights leaders such as Thurgood Marshall and dr. Martin Luther king jr. All gathered upstairs in this dining room And lea chase used to say I like to think we changed the course of america in this restaurant over a bowl of gumbo And then they have like a little walk of fame Outside of the restaurant right here and you can see some of the most iconic names out there all going down Like I mentioned before this restaurant is the inspiration for princess and the frog And I am so excited to dine in here. You can see some of the artwork on the wall Congratulations lea chase on 95 years of magic From your fans at disney and abc Isn't that so cool and then you have a ton of other artwork and I'm just really excited to be here This restaurant is so beautiful. I love it. You have some piano music up there awesome artwork And it just it's such a great vibe We've got nice plates right here. In fact, I would love to buy one of these dookie chases Plates how cool would that be and then we've got the menu And I am so excited Look at how amazing this is Wow and princess tiana is here right now. We're going to meet her in a second But look, this is also one of the Artworks that disney commissioned The artist from ya ya to actually make and it is beautiful There she is It is an honor to meet you princess tiana Thank you Oh, I appreciate it. Thank you. Yes. I love yours as well Yes, yes, she really did and I love this whole area you have here. You got a piano, right beautiful parlor And I have some music to practice my dance moves too. Oh very cool Oh, yeah, I'm a pretty good dancer. I I think I am Well, you know navina and I have a dance lesson every tuesday and thursday Oh Everything I know so they both can have a dance lesson together sometimes Yes, I would definitely come as long as I get some man-catching beignets That was super awesome that we got to meet princess tiana and now it's time to eat It's time to get down to the business Well, I'd like to welcome you to the historic dookie chases restaurant And I tell you we are so happy to have you here In this magical place And on behalf of disney and all of us imagine. Oh, sorry. I am an honorary imagineer Yeah And I'll turn it over to colin the real imagineer Well, I have to tell you well, welcome everyone and cella is an honorary imagineer actually cella travels with us You over on the bayou trips. He's been on the bayou with us. She brainstorms with us So cella it is just an honor To be here with you to be here with a taste family You know cella has the key to the city But what cella really has cella really really has is the key to our heart Here is a look at our menu.  I cannot wait to dive in All right, here we go my first bite of authentic gumbo And now my stuffed filet has arrived look at this The asparagus the twice baked potato This looks phenomenal I cannot wait to dive into it I'll let you guys know what I think once we get out because it's a little loud in here It's a very packed room Can you share with anyone here The roots Of the chase family Okay, my mother was at a function where my father's band was playing And of course she walked in and she was a very pretty lady And then she caught his eye And he said to the band members is my brother always tell Look, we're going to start this song You're going to continue it because i'm going to ask that lady to dance with me That lady my mother lia chase dance with my Father and that was the story that was the love story It just so happened that his parents had a restaurant that opened And so she came into the restaurant business Through our lovers part of lovers family And became part of the restaurant and that fulfilled her dream that she always had to open a restaurant to own a restaurant She had worked in restaurant But she had never been able to accomplish the dream of coming in and owning a restaurant And of course her love of restaurants As she uh, she was in high school. She used to Walk through the french quarters looking at all the restaurants looking at all the fine dining And this gave her that opportunity to change which was a a boy stand A family-owned restaurant a small restaurant into which she wanted it to be tiana's special place And that's what we have today Well that was incredible The food was amazing the atmosphere the art the stories just hearing more about the history of this place really gave me goosebumps I wish I could have showed you the food more But it was a very intimate setting and I didn't want to just have the camera out and about And uh, I just focused on enjoying the time But if you do get the chance, please come here and check this place out Especially if you're in the area I feel like I am going to want to come here anytime I come to New Orleans now that I've been here And uh, yeah, it's not the end of the video. We're actually going to carry this over into tomorrow And uh, we're going to have a couple more big surprises We're going to go to preservation hall and we're going to learn more about the music and the art of New Orleans And how the disney imagineer is actually pulled from that to make more of tiana's bayou adventure Authentic as possible. So we're gonna Jump to the next day now And good morning New Orleans Today, we're going to be hanging out in the french quarter making our way down to the jazz museum And then also preservation hall where we're going to be seeing some amazing live entertainment And it's going to be a fun day with a lot of fun surprises Honestly, this has been incredible for me last night. We left off. We had dinner and it was great I went home. I slept and now we're back at it today. And uh, yeah, I'm so excited. I guess it has been the best The historic new orleans collection Manages and up keeps a lot of the different museums and buildings here in the french quarter And we're going to be just going around and checking them all out And then like I said, eventually making our way over to the jazz museum and uh, yeah, it should be very interesting One of the coolest pieces of art that i've actually seen on this trip Is right here for the mardi gras parade scene from 1945 and it's oil on canvas and it is a massive canvas. Look at this Look at how beautiful this is the detail But probably my favorite thing Is the little hidden mickey One of the things I find amazing is this aerial shot of the french quarter And you can see jackson square right here and we can like retrait. I can retrace our steps You know what I mean goes all the way to canal and then here is the french market That we were at the other day and look at that. Isn't it just amazing? Another really cool piece of history is the river queen here and take a look at some of the literature they have here Like it's really cool. You know steam boats and disney have a long running history itself But just look at this come aboard last of the famous packet boats river queen Only five only five box from jackson square and then the mark tween lounge. They actually had mint juleps in there Isn't that so cool mint juleps are featured Learning all the amazing history of the french quarter in new orleans is quite awesome And now we're making our way to the new orleans jazz museum and music is a big thing here In fact, I think the very first opera was here in the french quarter So and i'm kind of excited to see how the imagineers Used that information to come up with original soundtracks for the attraction And maybe we might actually get a sneak peek at maybe maybe a song maybe that'd be really fun The new orleans jazz museum is actually located right next to the french market We actually we visited this already and also you can see the business district all the way over there This is really really nice and I love how they kept everything on the outside kind of the way that it's always been This is really really incredible. We are allowed to access Backstage to the archives This is this is wow These are all scrapbooks and newspapers Going all the way back to the colonial time and I think that's so amazing Some of them have dates on them like i'm trying to look see I wish I can actually see inside the books But um, I mean I would never actually want to touch them I feel like they're far too delicate for my hands and yeah, some of them are going all the way back Look at these dates 1906 1902 that is incredible Wow, it has films It has a old zulu coconuts Oh the zulu coconuts there are some and some of this is stuff that was damaged in katrina This drum and I think that's some Pieces of uh, Michael ladies dr. Michael went to clarinets. Wow You know and now because they're damaged they're moldy that to be you know Yeah, they're permanently are the zulu coconuts hollowed out. Are they uh, they are hollow. I mean, yeah, but what they do Yeah, what they do is they drill a quick hole drain them.  And uh, and then paint them so that's awesome Now that we're all finished at the jazz museum It's time to move along and we're making our way to preservation hall and look at how beautiful it is over here This is exactly what I thought like new orleans would be like and we're going to one of the most iconic places for jazz music To listen to some jazz music and probably eat some food And then here's the preservation hall This is cool hardwood floors. No ac We're going in. I'd love to look at this. This is incredible Nice to see you again, princess tiana. Nice to see you again as well. Yes I love this outfit you have on. Thank you. I love yours. It looks like you're ready for some dancing. Oh, absolutely Yeah, I've been practicing with the Venus morn and I think I'm gonna put it slow job. Oh, very nice I have been I you know, you're gonna have to come and show them to us at the restaurant sometime Oh, yeah, I'll be there Well, that's really cool. Princess tiana decided to make an appearance and now we're going to actually be head on in And I think they're going to have a big announcement and we're going to hear some live music Also, he's writing an original song for us as well as arranging songs from princess nefron. Please welcome to the stage pj Pirate's life for me. I can only hear it when I ride that ride People will only hear the magic that pj is bringing probably not because we're gonna spread it out You're not gonna hear floreal with tiana being right in front of your face until they come to either magic kingdom of disney And they experience tiana's body venture that that gets me excited I'm like kind of I got the chills there were so many things that were announced some of the things I couldn't film But we did get confirmation that we are going to have original Music and as you've seen pj is actually going to be writing the songs and I think that is Phenomenal and then also we had a little q&a with the imagineers Afterwards and they are just so inspirational Honestly, they're heroes to me and I made sure to let them know that and they did confirm that there would be All physical representations of the main hero characters. So Princess tiana. She is going to be an audio animatronic Prince navine mommy oh mama odi all of them and plus the other 17 Characters that they made so we're looking at 20 plus different character audio animatronics That's that's that's beautiful It's going to be hard to top the preservation hall It was seriously an honor just to be in there and to be in the same room or so many Amazing talented musicians actually played but we are going to carry it over to a celebration And we're going to uh go to marty grau world marty grau world All right, we have made it our final stop marty grau. Thank you Marty grau world look at this Current studios has been here since 1932 and you can see some of the disney things that they have you have launch pad over here We've got yoda over here And I mean we've got a whole entire warehouse full and we're just going to explore and walk through and point out a couple of my favorites, you know This place is really really magnificent. You can see all the floats and years the past. It's really cool Even like full floats, you know, I would love to come here for actual marty grau season I mean, I've done, you know other celebrations before but how cool would it be to ride on one of these? You got the wizard of Oz over there and it goes on and on We're starting the tour now and making our way into the warehouse itself We're going to see some production on how they make some of the marty grau floats and cells Look at this in here Wow, oh is that genie over there? We're going to get a close look at how they create some of their masterpieces here and we're actually going to go in the Mechanical room here and you can see the robot arm actually doing all the work and we're going to get up close to it. Look at that It's really cool that we're getting a little bit of a behind-the-scenes look Here at marty grau world. We're actually back where they're actually finishing up some of the projects that they're working on and they're doing a lot for Maybe some theme parks that are located in central florida This is the the front of the float Look at that That's so cool Like people are actively working right now As we're walking through here. This is restricted area only and you can see them actually putting in The final touches on some of these awesome pieces This is incredible Wow Sherlock Holmes Oh So this is for one of the crews here and Yeah This is a little disturbing. No the bottom halves of all these people The mannequins are the the what you call it. Look at that We just see legs legs for days and over here. We got fingers Broken fingers. Look at this thing We've walked through all of marty grau world and now it's time for one last surprise Look at those smokestacks right there. They might look familiar From princess and the frog, but here we go Wow This is amazing holy moly Incredible It's so amazing how they have a bayou inside of a warehouse. Look at this They got music. They've got like little tiny buildings over here It really it's like a it's a modern marvel for me And with that we danced our way out of the bayou and concluded this amazing trip Thank you so much to disney for inviting me out and giving me the opportunity To just show you guys all of the detail they are putting into tiana's bayou adventure and honestly I can fully say that I feel like tiana's bayou adventure is going to be a spectacular attraction I cannot wait to be able to ride it and reference all the things that i've learned on this trip I cannot wait to just experience it and see it all come to life I've got to meet so many amazing people. I made friendships. This was literally one of the best things I have ever done in my life Like I will talk about this to my friends and my family for years to come and uh, yeah It was amazing. So thank you again to disney. I really hope you guys enjoyed the video I put a lot of hard work into this Trying to edit it as possible like as best as possible because I really Wanted to make sure that the imagineers disney and everyone that is working on this project I want you to know how hard they actually are working at it and uh, yeah That's it. It's time to time to head home and see my little Gracie girl But I hope you enjoyed the video. I enjoyed making it We'll see you next time and I definitely want to come back to New Orleans


Hello and welcome back to SPM Buzz. My name is Shiko Gita and of course we are right here at Uhuru Park for the Nairobi Festival, feeling the vibe of the city. And of course today we have the amazing and most enjosh mumbo VP. Puwasana, puwasana. Hey, jamani, jameni. Salaam alaki. Salaam alaki. Salaam alaki. Salaam alaki. Salaam alaki. Salaam alaki. Salaam alaki. Salaam alaki. Salaam alaki. I have watched from the top to the end. I think this is the first time to perform Nairobi Fest and it was amazing. The energy, the crowd. Nairobi loves Kenyan music. So it is even a Kenyan music on Nairobi Fest. It is a song. Kwa kolabda ilikwa VP? Ilikwa po, ilikwa po, we want to be governor and the county government and the entire team that put this together. I think it is a brilliant idea. We want to be fans. Atleast we want to be fans. We want to be fans. But atleast we want to be out there because we want somebody that they love their music for only a hundred bob at this scale I think we know Maasana and we can only get better than this. Let's just get high on our own supply. We want to get high on our own supply. We want to be in Kenyan music so it is an honor for us to be part of this. We thank Joakali as well for putting us somewhere in his set. We really thank him for that. We want to introduce you up here people who have done it for this industry for the longest time. So many of us artists stand on their shoulders so big up to Joakali the entire team. Big up for count, the band. Ni konatuwe kya waku big up. People are many. Our team for making this happen for us for our church. These are the people that make Emosenjosh what you think Emosenjosh is. If it was not for Pisho Puello Dendo our church life pool chapel that would be no Emosenjosh for sure. So for this specific event Joakali, do you want to reach out? We want to reach out to reach you out and I think later on will reach out to me but I think it is just a working of many things. We should maybe teach our young artists out there that our career is a working of many people.  The response from the crowd is very good I think Arasi not just sukiangali ma legends and the crowd knows their music like Joakali is performing Jimuati is performing and people are responding like that is very encouraging to know that the Kenyan music industry is generationally inappreciative understand we appreciate Joakali for even bringing in such young people to merge with the old legends and to see how that thing that whole spectrum of music and how Kenyans are appreciating it so just being on stage and seeing this kind of Kenyan unity of the industry is an amazing thing so again big up to Governor Sakaja and the whole team that made this thing happen I hope you guys keep doing this Manzim Sileta Diamant Just keep it Kenyan we have so many popping up artists right now like we have a friend of ours who is doing arts for new upcoming artists and there are thousands of artists who apply for that thing thousands and those are the new ones of that year meaning that Kenyan is always producing good artists so this kind of platform is amazing just to allow the artists to come and showcase and the gifts and for the governor to put up something of this magnitude just the way Joakali just said Gikaisi is going to set up with this kind of screens and just this kind of setup we are going to get 2gz, 3gz and for the governor to just set up something like this and then also we are going to have more than 250 bop like that's amazing we are going to have a very good experience of how the Nairobi and the Kenyan musical culture is rich Let's talk about the 7th of December We live on your Instagram page You guys posted and wrote a caption each time Please, talk to Kenyans about this type We have bigger research That's a nice thing Ni had kupa tatao media on the bigger research So kudos, espiambas Mende evo evo So it's time because it's time for us to get back on the bandwagon See what God will allow us to just release to people out there We want to tag it Love music made in church Ha ha ha You are not ready You are not ready But as guys are ready It took a lot of time for us to get especially me My grounding back and my mind on the place where we could focus on what we were We had started to do from the beginning So it has taken a lot of time It has taken a lot of love from the community It has taken a lot of mentorship and fatherhood from our bishop It has taken a lot of Now we have a team together Actually, when we wrote that we had a gig Was it in November? Chris Leib was November So we had just had a gig which we were putting together with our team for an artist that is performing tomorrow Yes, and we have a song together out there, Chris featuring us So we did that gig and after that gig we were like, okay Now it's time to tell people It's time We expect to see the come back of Amos engine We never really went anywhere I think we just took a hiatus I think we just took a hiatus I think we just took a hiatus I think we just took a hiatus But we never really stopped because we have been focusing on grounding ourselves and just trying to understand what is the value of Amos and Josh to the industry What are we bringing? That is different And we went back to the initial vision that we had of Amos and Josh with the help of our bishop and his grooming to manage to find an understanding of where exactly we want to place our music and how we really want to do it So this coming year is going to be fantastic Look out for our music that's coming out Participate manze So you want to say What you show love? Tik Tok Tuko Tik Tok Tuko Tik Tok Tuko Tik Tok But before I let you guys go I want to say thank you for your medali Thank you See you doale See you doale But Nataka Kuliza left that he break Ambuyomulikwa Labda what was the cause maybe had you maybe planned to take your personal life during that time Kwanini, where did we have that breaking shots? Siji kama mkona enough recording space but it's a long story I think we have space I have to say I have said this over and over and I think I will not be tired to say Fem haina aga shule So Fem comes with a lot of things You know For you to gain This is something that my bishop taught me Words build worlds So the words you've continuously had have built the kind of worlds that you're making for yourself Ukiske aga Ueni mijinga, ueni mijinga, enya we Neza nda mkuku kwa mijinga Kwa mijinga kata hengia Once you expose to the light what will later come out more what will later come out more voices Then when Fem came kwa kwa nama voices more kuna sualu kwa natu ambi yao nym natu amangoma sana natu amangoma sulo nani dkufanyaki ki nini nini nini And especially me because I love music I love music in general But I love music in itsetatic music, music business anything to do with music And I have traveled to a place I have shared what I managed niskiziai hini fkiriya Okay, amatwingia kiki, amatwingia nini So we lost focus, the first focus And one biggest lesson that I've learnt from that is Isu ni since tulkwa nama ambi amangoma sulo we felt like we need to explain ourselves But vision sikitu na nini ku explain Wajie express Express yourself Akuna kitu muhimu I'll tell somebody who's selected out there bigger than your talent You need somebody who gives you grounding You need a mentor Who sets you on a particular vision That helps you cut across a particular market That helps you stick into the hearts of people Like imagine Imagine if you don't win 5 million shillings Please win 5 million hearts So we left STPF Even when we were there we were going for the hearts So that's why you hear our music is not maybe what is ordinarily there Ita ku about matters that you don't want to put here Like Badai is still being played to date That's a song that gets us like over 30,000 views a day to date You know To date because it touches somebody's heart The rare is about somebody's heart Even our love songs we are talking about the matters Ono ja niksha imbawenim supu Ono jo usupu ita ku keep kwa relationship Se matukweli wa tuengi wa supu na tuengi wa hansap wa mewachua before me being one of them So it's okay So we want to talk about matters that and that's why we are coming back to to do that Since you have talked about the Kenyan industry the way the genre has been changing What do you view on the new genre and what do you think and need you to collab with them with the new upcoming artists Yeah sure because genre is basically expression Yeah Culture keeps adjusting to the people who are coming up and you can't be ignorant of the culture and that's why I'm saying I big up I big up Joakali for fusing the two generations and allowing them to express themselves on the same stage, on the same set and understand The auto angalee vilem genge ani Pia genge is something that popped up in a specific time and became huge So kia angalee transition of a lot or may grow or may express genge tonikato kia Like it's just Saini avanton When I get like music can become more expressive more fine tuned the motto naboro a lot of elements here and there ina kwa something interesting So manzee we are appreciating what music is becoming and yes we definitely do something because neza penda kukustre chiwa kuhu india kwa that genre niteki vilem neza je express kwa and music is universal music is universal music is everlasting so manzee to pige And because each time of course we are going to be seeing you around oftenly but before we go please tell us about the Hgonji heavy on God Oh may notice okay this is our march it's our merchandise and it just talks about our grounding we are heavy on God like like you can hear even our tagline for music is love music made in church we are not going to try and disconnect ourselves from God just because you are trying just something big there's nothing bigger everything is just within him everything is within him hata ikeke to ni me doka tu is just within him but it has to be to make a kumtukosa so as we we are heavy on that and just to maybe inspire people and people of our generation of a perspective of life called faith that with faith you can build anything that's why you've never had us on social media cry you've never had us just to make a angel for Allah nasiat ya kujigamba yoksimati tukofiti no faith faith is what has carried us you know us being taught faith and faith comes by hearing and hearing by the word of God so us being in church and just learning from the word of God has built faith for us not only built faith for us has bought new music there's a lot that is happening so we can't wait to share it out there so we are sharing it out both in dressing in music adatumetra kukala nyu ele kaba laipote so una diat least aikunak diya kukala ineza isha apa iwi but maybe one last question na jenu kama promise community I know but kuna kitu me mention love music made in church but I know we have people out there who now say that secular music trying to hide in church not really if you look at the definition of God that he defines himself as he says his love every other thing is a attribute of him but that he says that that is who he is so there is no better place to try and define what this love is except from its origin understand so you can't borrow something and then say you have the definition of it it has to come from the source itself that is why our grounding we are heavy on God to make sure that we actually communicate the real aspects of what this love is and what it's not so that we can bring back the perspective that is important for guys to know what this love is it's an opportunity that gives us it gives us an opportunity to demystify whatever the world has tried to teach us that love is people think love is man those are two very different things one is a currency one is God I love you but you can't serve God any moment okay guys if it will really promote kuna bila ita kurambat kuna bila ita kurambat because when you mash them together you will miss out on great opportunities to maybe build something for yourself na kwa dependant on someone else na bibili na say my caste is a man who puts their faith in another man so many of us are living a caste life because we are thinking if I don't have this type of man but my side so many kwa dependant rukain after one man need man to another man so many dependant of fellow men so we live in a caste life that's why you see our suicide rate this country is very high but now these things will not be said ordinarily from an ordinary love song because we will talk about an ordinary love song we will talk about your eyes your smile it's okay but we want to talk about those things that actually matter alright as you wind up please talk to your fans thank you spm bars for giving us these opportunities out in hoski doko sabu we've left it all on stage thank you Nairobi festival thank you to the governor thank you to every listener we consider you fam thank you so much and watch out for more music asante nipia tuna wangoja badae mefika so much tuna na badae badae nioi tuna angoja


The floor may not be in the robot. I, I really don't know what to say anymore. I cannot get this story out of my head. This demented VHS tape really ruined my childhood and it was disturbing. You guys know about the Shoveggie Tales? It talks about God, and how he is always there for us.  It had good jokes and good humor. But, I do not know what to say about this one lost episode from the show. So I want to get it out of my system by telling it to you guys. Here is the story. Hi, my name is Gabriel. I am a huge fan of Veggie Tales. I have all the DVDs, plushies and even all of the merchandise. I always loved the show. The first Veggie Tales episode I watched was called, Are You My Neighbor? Which came out in 1995. It thought me to always love my neighbor. It even came with a silly song called, The Hairbrush Song. I watched all the episodes except for one. Which was called, God Wants Me To Forgive Them. But it turns out, I got a demented copy of the episode. Here is the story. So it was a nice summer day. I was watching the Veggie Tales episode Rackshack and Benny. Until something popped to my mind. I said to myself, It seems like I've never watched God Wants Me To Forgive Them. Maybe buy it on eBay. So I went to my good friend eBay. Then I searched up the episode. There were no other actual copies until I got to the bottom result. So I clicked on it and it read. Veggie Tales, God Wants Me To Forgive Them. Original tape, totally new, totally original. There was only one copy available and it cost $14.99 just for it. I said to myself, Wow, why that much? Oh well, I've never watched this episode anyway. So I clicked Add To Cart and then I bought it. After I clicked buy, it said, Your delivery will be in 9 weeks. Thank you for your service. I said to myself, 9 weeks? What will I do in the next 9 weeks? As a teen, I am super impatient. So I just waited for my package to arrive. 9 weeks later my parents were going on a date all night. They said they would be back tomorrow morning. Now I have a chance to watch the episode.  I asked the mailman politely. What took you so long? He said, Budget cuts. Then he walked away. I yelled, What do you mean budget cuts? Thanks to the 90s, I got an old VCR from my basement and then I plugged it in. I then opened up the VHS tape. It looked like it was in very bad condition. It looked like a cardboard box with a printed Google image of the original VHS tape that was glued on it. I thought I got scammed but there was actually a tape in there. But the weird thing was that the print date of this tape was February 8, 1994, which was the day before the actual episode came out, which was February 9, 1994. I said to myself, This might be a beta version of the episode itself. After that, I put the tape inside the VCR. The normal intro started for a few seconds until Bob the Tomato said, Okay Larry, it's time for the theme song. After he said that, the video went black for five seconds, then static. So I punched my VCR and I got it working. The theme song was also different. It had the original 1993 theme audio with the 1994 visuals. Anyway, the episode started with Bob and Larry standing on the countertop with sad faces. Bob then said in a really sad voice, Hey kids and welcome to VeggieTales. We have some bad stuff to tell you. Larry just stood there without making any funny jokes or comments. Bob then got a letter from the Lopez family. He read it out loud. Dear Bob and Larry, I'm a mother of four sons. One of them is nine years old and he gets bullied a lot.  He was sad for weeks until one day he had enough of this. He went home crying then went upstairs and locked his door. Then after five minutes, I went to his room then what I saw was horrific. It looks like he grabbed a rope and hung himself. I don't know what to do. He is dead. Can you help me? Signed Mary Lopez. Bob said, Well, I remember that time when Junior got bullied by a bunch of rapes. Larry then said, Well, let's just play the episode. Bob said, Roll the film. This episode did not seem like Bob or Larry at all. Then the episode started with the grapes of wrath singing their theme song while driving a rusty old car. However, their theme song was very different. Here are the lyrics and it went like this. We are the grapes of wrath.  Even until they are depressed, so we'll be so glad. We are the grapes of wrath. We like to bully your kid so bad.  We are the grapes of wrath. I said to myself, Wow, those grapes are jerks. They then arrived at Junior's house. Junior was playing with a butterfly. One of the grapes, Paul Grape, then said, Hey, broccoli, what are you doing? Junior then said, I'm an asparagus, not a broccoli. Now can you please leave me alone?  Junior said in a breaking voice, But God made me special. I'm not a no one. Rosie Grape then said, You are now. Ha ha.  But this, this is messed up.  Except that the tears were red. Then he ran inside his house crying. Dad, dad, those jerks are bully in me. His father dismissively replied with, Ignore them. Junior then said, That wouldn't work. As he ran in his bedroom crying. His crying was distorted which made it more disturbing. After that, he grabbed a rope from under his bed. He grabbed a stool. Then before he tied the rope, it showed flashbacks of him spending time with his family and having so much fun. I cried a little. Then after he tied the rope, he said, Every kid has his secret sorrows which the world knows not. And oftentimes we call a kid cold when he is only sad. He then put his neck through the rope and let go. He, he hung himself. After that, his father was cooking back and cheese. Then he was finished, so he yelled. Junior, lunch is ready. No reply. Then he yelled again. Junior, your lunch is ready. In a distorted voice. His father went upstairs to his bedroom to see what was going on. He saw Junior hanging on the news with a letter about his depression on a dusty desk. His father then read it and cried. He then cried while he was going downstairs. Then he went to his medicine cabinet and grabbed a bottle of pills. He then said, Losing your child is never a good thing. It is one of the worst things a person can experience in life. Though death happens a lot in life, it's still hard to deal with. Getting through the loss of your child takes time and everyone's journey to healing is unique. Everyone is different and sometimes the journey can seem more than we bear. Goodbye. He then opened the pills and put all of them in his mouth. Then he dropped to the floor and passed out. It was so horrible to see, especially for a Christian show. Mum Asparagus then came home at 9pm at night and she saw that Junior and Dad Asparagus both died. Then she buried them at the cemetery. Then it cuts to Bob Larry, Laura Carrot, Mum Asparagus, Mr. Lunt and all the other characters gathered around, having a funeral. Then the segment ended. Then it cuts to Bob saying, It's time to talk about what we learned today. But Courtie wasn't working and the lot we learned today's song wasn't playing. Bob then said, We have learned that depression can hurt us a lot even until we kill ourselves. We also learned that believing is a horrible thing to do. Bob and Larry just stood there without saying, God made you special and he loves you very much. They just stood there and the episode ended. No credits. No nothing. I would be so glad if it was over until another segment started. I said, No. No. No. I tried to pause but I just wanted to see what happens so I just let it play. The second segment was called Larry's Lagoon and it started with Bob, always called Skipper in his segment and Larry on the ship with the Asparagus Explorers. Then one of the Asparagus Explorers, the millionaire, known as Archibald Asparagus, then said, Entertain us now. Bob then said, Okay. So he just played an entertaining song on the radio. Then the millionaire said at the top of his lungs, Entertain us now for real else I will slit your throat. This was very out of character for the Asparagus Explorers. Bob then jumped around as entertainment while Larry just stood there doing nothing. One of the Asparagus, the millionaire's wife, then said, That's it. As she got a kitchen knife and slit Bob in half. His tomato juice was splattered everywhere. Larry then said, Why? The millionaire'sparagus then said, Just drove the boat. Larry then drove the boat. Just like in the original episode, he crashed the boat into the rock. After they crashed, Bob's corpse just went under the water while Larry said, Bob. The millionaire'sparagus then said, Why wouldn't you do that you pickle? We will never forgive you.  Go leave now. Larry then said in a crying voice, If you want me to leave, Well, I will leave. Goodbye. As he ran into the dark depths of the island, It cut to a time card saying, Nine hours later, It cut to Larry sitting on the sand. He then said in a sad voice, What if nobody likes me anymore? I am a nobody to anybody. I caused the ship to crash. I caused everything. I had enough. He then grabbed a kitchen knife and said, suicide, Is our only release from this hell? He then slipped his throat and his corpse was shown. His head was dismembered from his body. It then cuts to a time card that says, Ten hours later, It then cuts to the asparagus trying to stay warm with a fire. They were as thin as sticks since they did not eat for 19 hours straight. One of the asparagus, The professor, Who is played by dad asparagus, Then says, What are we gonna eat? There is nothing to eat. The millionaire asparagus then said, Let's eat you. As he gets the professor asparagus, He screamed in pain, As it felt like someone was getting stung by a bee in their eye. Then the millionaire said, Really? As he took a bite out of another asparagus, His own wife. He then said, You guys taste good. It then cuts to a time card saying, 40 seconds later, As it showed all the corpses of the other asparagus that were eaten. Then the millionaire found a kitchen knife from the asparagus, His wife, That killed Bob.  As he slit his throat, It then showed the corpses of all the vegetables who died, While playing reversed piano music. Then a message in Russian popped up saying, Which translates to, Suicide is our only release from this hell we call Earth. Then it just ended, As the tape finally ejects itself from the VCR. I was so scared. I threw the tape out the window. This episode ruined my entire childhood. I couldn't sleep for weeks. Five weeks later, I decided to send an email to Big Idea, The company that makes VeggieTales. Here is the email Big Idea replied with, To whom it concerns, From Big Idea, Subject, Disturbing VeggieTales 1994 VHS Tape. We are sorry you experienced that. We have nothing to do with something this disturbing or demented That you have described to us. But we understand your worry, So throw out the tape and try to forget about it.  I told my parents, my aunt, My uncle, And even my closest friends, But they didn't believe me. Until one day when I was watching the news on TV, And there was a story about a kid named Josh Lopez, Who hung himself after getting bullied too much. And the mother's name was Maria Lopez, Which was very similar to the episode I watched. It really scared me. I already threw the tape out the window, And I tried to forget about it, But it just would not come out of my mind. It was too disturbing and sad. I took their word, And tried to forget about it for two weeks. But I couldn't do it. So I wanted to forget about it by going to Skyzone. Then while I was jumping on a trampoline, A note appeared out of nowhere and it read, God loves you, And He made you special.


These are the hints from, where are they? This is the front page of last year's, no, of this year's exam, 2013. Tuesday the 6th of August, so check the time and room for you. This exam has 18 pages. You write your answers on the question page, question sheet. Closed book exam, no dictionary. Calculator is allowed and encouraged. Bring a calculator, it will make your life easier. There'll be some questions you will not be able to answer probably without a calculator. Like, the log of 10 to the power of 0.2, you cannot easily calculate that accurately without a calculator. Most things there are standard. Don't use your phone as a calculator. Some non-standard things. If I present a sequence of bits like these eight bits here and I talk about the first bit, then I mean the leftmost bit. So the first bit of this sequence is zero, the last bit or the eighth bit is one. So just read from left to right. To avoid any confusion in terms of significant bits. Speed of light, three by 10 to the eight meters per second. If nothing's given about the speed of transmission, assume that value. Free space path loss model is given. So then we have four equations given, which you don't have to remember, but you need to know how to use them. So these are given at the front of the exam. Things that are not given, because that's all that's given. What is, what's the equation for calculating transmission delay, propagation delay? Transmission delay, data size divided by data rate. Propagation delay, distance divided by speed. They're not given, you need to know them. Logarithms, not logarithms, decibels. DB equals 10 log base 10 of some power ratio. That's not given. So you need to know how to convert between, say, DBM and milliwatts in the opposite direction. These four are given, and we'll see in some of the questions in last year, you need to know what the values mean. What is M? B, bandwidth, C, capacity or maximum data rate. M, number of levels. So we'll see in some questions that once you work out the values of these parameters, then it's easy to solve. You find that for the unknown. But knowing how to apply these equations is the challenge. You need to know that, for example, in the free space path loss model, the gains are expressed in the absolute value. If I say the gain of the antenna is six DBI, you cannot plug six into this equation. It will not work. It will not give you the right answer. You need to convert that six DBI back to an absolute gain of 10 to the power of 0.6 and then plug that value in. So these take absolute values, not decibel-scaled values. Same with signal to noise ratio. We'll see that that takes absolute signal divided by the absolute noise level. There are nine questions, 100 marks. First question is a fill in the blanks. We'll see last year, it's similar to that. The next eight questions each have multiple parts and calculations, draw pictures, some concepts, advantages, disadvantages, and so on. Everything covered up until signal encoding techniques. That is, including signal encoding techniques. Always show your calculations. If you calculate on a separate piece of paper or on your calculator and get the answer of 23 milliwatts, and the correct answer is 50 milliwatts, then you get zero marks. Unless you show some calculations that show that you're following the correct steps and then you'll get some partial marks. So if you show your calculations, even if your final answer is wrong, you still may get a significant number of marks in that case. For example, if you just make a simple mistake in the last step and instead of tizing by two, you divide by two, then you'll get most of your marks. So show your calculations. In some cases, if you have a long answer, some people have an answer and they make a mistake and they remove some and start writing again, if it becomes messy on the page, then clearly mark your final answer, okay? That is, if you start writing in three different columns on the one page, then sometimes it's hard for me to know which one's your final answer. Most times it's obvious. On that, always give units when appropriate. If you don't give units or you give incorrect units, then you'll lose marks. And sometimes I can be, you know, you may get zero marks. If it's a simple question, what is the wavelength? And you don't give a unit of meters, then in some cases I've said, okay, zero, even if the value is correct. So units are important. Prefixes, you may choose which prefix. If the answer is 10 milliwatts, then an answer of 0.01 watts is also correct, okay? Or if you express it in DBM, it can also be correct. So the prefix, whether it's milliwatts, megawatts, kilowatts, watts, it doesn't matter. That is, as long as it's correct in the end. But the units are important. Try to use sensible prefixes. You must know what they mean. You must know what the M milliwatts here. You must know that lowercase b is bits, uppercase b is bytes. You must know those units used.  So attempt all questions, especially the fill in the blanks. If you cannot, you don't know the answer, then you can guess something, okay? You will not lose marks if it's wrong. Use past quizzes, your quizzes that you've done this, this semester so far and the practice questions online plus past exams to practice for the upcoming exam. Any questions on the structure or the format or the content of your midterm exam in about two weeks? Yes, this file is already on the website so you can view this already. What we're going to go through now is last year's exam and that's also on the course website. You'll find it somewhere. And the last year's exam is in your handouts. If you go to the end of your handouts, you'll find last year's exam. So I'm just going to go through, unless you have any specific topics you want me to address, I'll go through last year's exam and we'll calculate and work out some answers. Last year's exam, you'll see a similar front page to this year. First question last year was a set of 15 mock, fill in the blank type questions and same structure this year, okay? There'll be different number of questions possibly and different questions, but I give you a set of possible answers in this table here. So a list of terms of names and then a question and you need with a blank space to complete the statement, you need to fill in that blank space with one of these possible answers. What's the answer? The application layer protocol used by web browsers to download web pages is HTTP, okay? Easy, and most of these should be easy for most students because you select from this set. Now, importantly, select only from this set of answers. Don't make up other words, okay? The answers are here, okay? So use these only, give only one answer. Even if there are two correct answers, give just one, okay? If you give two answers, I don't know, here you've got, right, HTTP and also wavelength, okay? You write two words here. HTTP is correct, wavelength is incorrect, you get zero marks, okay? You can't just list all possible answers and expect me to mark it correct if just one of them is correct. So just give one answer and students do that. They give multiple answers with the hope that one of them is correct, but no, one answer, if one's wrong, they're all wrong. And you may reuse answers. There may be multiple questions with an answer of HTTP, that's okay, just because this one's HTTP, doesn't mean the others are not. So fill in the blanks there. I will not go through them now, you can look through and practice them. Even in, this is 2012, in previous years, previous to that, there may be even some example, fill in the blanks. All of them are online, as are the answers. We don't have time to go through all these questions. Some will calculate, or I'll give you a chance to calculate. Let's just browse through them first and classify them. This one's about capacity, Nyquist Shannon capacity. Come back to them. This one is about, question three is about overhead. That just, question three is about overhead and throughput, which is some things that we covered early on in the course when we looked at performance of delay, throughput, efficiency. There may be some other things there too. Question four is about wireless systems, antenna, antenna gain, free space path loss. I'll write just path loss, that's the main question. Using the equations of free space path loss. Question five is about signal equations. I'll come back to them. I just wanna select some of them. So our topic on data transmission, we looked at the basic signal equations and bandwidth, frequency, data rate, some plots to look at the accuracy of different signals. All right, that's a long one. Question six is about delay. Transmission and propagation delay and other delay components. Let's call it delay. What's seven? Seven is about, in this case, digital or signal encoding techniques. In this one, digital data as digital signals. That's the set of questions in last year's exam. There may be more, or in fact, there are more this year and they are different. Which one should we go through first? We don't have time to answer all of these questions. Any preferences? Which one's the hardest? Capacity, throughput, delay, path loss, signal equations, any preferences? Are they all easy? Which one do you think is hardest?  Is there any specific questions you want me to start with as opposed to just go in order? If we go in order, we may miss some towards the end. Any suggestions? Question four, path loss. Okay, let's start there. We will not go through all parts of each question again. We just won't be enough time. Question four, have a read through the question description and then try and answer part A yourself. So have a couple of minutes to read through, try and work out what the question is asking and then the first part, part A, should be quite simple to answer. Try that. And again, you should have this exam in the back of your handouts. Try and answer part A and B. They should be the easy ones. Part C together. What's the answer of part A? In DBM, we have, let's explain the scenario first. If you read through the description, we see that there's a wireless network, a wireless LAN. There's an access point like the one on the wall and then there are some users with tablets. So they are connecting to the access point. And we know characteristics of those devices. For example, they both transmit a signal with a power of 0.1 watts. A receive power threshold means this is the lowest power which they can receive a signal and understand a signal. It's the threshold. If we receive a signal with a power level lower than the threshold, my device cannot understand it. If the signal is higher than the threshold, then it can understand it. That's the meaning of this. The received power threshold, sometimes called the receiver sensitivity, is some level, some characteristic of the hardware such that if I receive a signal weaker than the threshold, then my hardware cannot understand or receive that signal. So think of the minimum power that I can successfully receive. So it's some receive power level, some frequency of the signal I'm sending. I know a characteristic of my access point antenna. It has a gain of six DBI. I did some experiments and I measured in an open field, an open environment, the distance between an access point and my tablet. And I measured that the maximum distance I can be apart which we can still communicate is 169 meters. So if I go 170 meters, the signal is too weak. The signal received would be lower than the threshold and they would not be able to communicate. 168 meters, fine. 169, okay, 170 meters, too far apart so they cannot communicate. That experiment assumed free space path loss to make things simpler. Now, before we get into the details, the first one, what is the transmit power of the access point measured in DBM? So the transmit power is given as 0.1 watts. What is the value in DBM? Well, what is DBM? One way, okay, how many milliwatts? 0.1 watts is how many milliwatts? 100, which is how many DBM? And here you need to remember your equation for DB, the general equation. The DB value equals 10 log in base 10 of our power level or our ratio. So if we have 100 milliwatts, reference to one milliwatts, that's what the DBM, the M means. M in DBM means one milliwatts. So 100 milliwatts relative to one milliwatts, log of 100 is two times by 10 is 20, 20 DBM. Everyone got that? So know how to convert between watts, DB, M, DB, W, milliwatts and so on. So know the general or remember the general equation when we're converting, it's actually P1 divided by P2. Some value in DB is 10 log base 10 of one power divided by another power. DBM, that other power P2 for DBM, P2 equals one milliwatts for DBW P2 equals one watt. That's the definition. So really you just need to remember this. If you have some power level, 100 milliwatts in DBM, it's 100 milliwatts divided by one milliwatts, which is 100 log, which is two times 10 is 20 DBM. And you should be able to go the opposite direction as well, given 20 DBM, how many watts? The next question is, what is the wavelength of our signal? What's the answer? How do we calculate wavelength? The wavelength is the speed of light C divided by the frequency of our signal. And in the question, the frequency is 2.4 gigahertz. In our case, well, it's our frequency 2.4 gigahertz and with your calculator, 0.125 meters is the answer there. So we have our wavelength of our signal. We know the transmit power. In fact, we have it in this case in three different values, 0.1 watts or 100 milliwatts or 20 DBM, whichever one we want to use, they're all the same. That are the easy parts. Part C asks, what is the gain of the tablet antenna? How are you going to calculate that? You know something about the setup, you have an access point, say on the wall, someone has a tablet and we know that if we're 169 meters away from each other, we can communicate, but any further, we cannot. Let's try and draw that and keep track of the values that we have. So for example, if we have our access point on the wall and we have our tablet, then over a distance of 169 meters, we can communicate. Let's say the access point transmits with some power PT and the power is given as 0.1 watts or 20 DBM. This maximum distance of 169 meters tells us that when we transmit at some power PT, 0.1 watts, we receive at a power which is just strong enough for the receiver to understand because if we go any further, we'll receive at a power which is too weak to understand. So we receive at a power level PR which is equal to our threshold, which is given in the question to be 2.77 by 10 to the minus six milliwatts. So what it's saying is if we separate by 169 meters and one of them transmits with a transmit power of 0.1 watts, then the other one, if we're in free space, we'll receive with a power of 2.77 by 10 to the minus six milliwatts. Because if we go to 170 meters, the received power will be lower, which will be below our threshold. If we were closer, the received power would be higher than the threshold, which is good. But if we go further apart, it would be lower than the threshold, which means we would not be able to receive. So in fact, if we separate by 169 meters and transmit a 0.1 watt, then we receive at 2.7 by 10 to the minus six milliwatts. Let's record those values. So over distance of 169 meters, transmit power is, what, 100 milliwatts. Receive power of 2.77 milliwatts by 10 to the minus six milliwatts. Over distance of 169 meters, we have a antenna at the access point with a gain equal to six DBI, says in the question. We have a signal with a wavelength of, we just calculated, 0.125 meters. Is that correct? Yeah, 0.125 meters. And in free space, we can relate all these factors together. What the question asks is, what is the gain of the tablet antenna? What is GR in this case? We know PR, PT, D, GT, Lambda. We don't know GR, the gain of the receive or the other device antenna, but we also know the free space path loss model, that equation that relates all these factors together. If you go to the front of the exam up the top, we have the equation that connects these factors together. We know PT, 100 milliwatts. We know PR, 2.77 by 10 to the minus six milliwatts. We know Lambda, D is 169 meters. We know GT is six DBI. We need to find GR. Since we have this equation, it's just a matter of rearranging the equation to find GR. With the one thing to carefully consider, the gains in this equation must be in their absolute value, not in their decibel value. So we need to do a conversion before we use this equation because our gain of six DBI needs to be converted. Six DBI in absolute value that is 10 to the power of 0.6. There are no units on the game. It's a factor ratio. Because from this equation, six DBI equals 10 log base 10 of some value. Log in base 10 of 10 to the 0.6 is 0.6, times by 10 is six. So now we have GT, 10 to the power of 0.6, PR, PT, Lambda, D. Plug them into your equation, find GR. And you have the answer. I'm not gonna do the calculation. You can check that. Just need to calculate it to calculate. So the hardest thing here is to first determine that this question is asking something about power lost in a wireless system. Come back down. We know it's a wireless system. We know we have one device transmitting to another. We know the characteristics of those devices. Gives us the hint here. We perform an experiment in the conditions of free space path loss. So we can use the free space path loss model here to relate all the factors together. And maybe the hardest step is to realize, well, what is the receive power? Where if we're at the maximum distance of 169 meters, the receive power will be exactly the threshold. And therefore we know PR. Then it's a matter of determining the wavelength, Lambda, and converting our gain into an absolute value, 60 BI to 10 to the power of 0.6. Then you can use a provided equation to get the answer. And I've done it before of two or three DBI. If you plug in those values, you'll get GR equal to two approximately. And you don't need three DBI, but just for further info, that's the same as about three DBI. 10 log of two times 10 is three. You said that was the hard question. Is it easier now? Any problems? So recognize to use the free space path loss model and then find the parameters. And given the known values, there should be one unknown and find that unknown value. The answers to the exams are also available online.  The answer sheet is also on the website. You can check later the detailed values and the exact calculations. There's another part, and we won't have time to go through it. It takes some time. It's maybe harder again. At least it looks hard. The free space path loss model is one model to determining how much power do we lose between transmitter and receiver? There are other mathematical models. So we don't have to use the free space path loss model. There are others. This question gives you one other. It needs a detailed description of how it works, but it gives you an equation for saying how much power is lost between transmitter and receiver. You need to, in this question, use that to find some or to answer some questions. A good practice question for you to go through in your own time. Let's try another one. Any preferences? Your experts of path loss now. Which other question looks hard? Have the lecture notes. At the end of the lecture notes, there's the exam. Go to the end and you'll find the exam. Not this year's exam, last year's exam. Question seven, okay. Jump through to question seven. I think we can go through parts of it reasonably quickly. What's the data? Quickly solve this one. Here's a digital signal. The technique is called non-return to zero invert on ones. NRZI. What is the data? Well, you need to know what the scheme NRZI does. And the I part is the hint. I means invert or inverted. Means we change the level whenever we have a bit one descend. When we have a bit zero, we don't change the level. We invert on ones. So if the blue line is the signal, what's the first bit? It's a one because at the start of that signal period, we invert the level. We change the level from low to high. So the first bit must be a one. So this bit corresponds to one. What's the second bit? Zero, we don't invert. That is, we're here at high. The next bit, well, we maintain the level which means it must be a bit zero here. The next bit, well, we invert which means we have to a bit one. Invert again, one, one, one. And then we maintain the level for the last two, zero, zero. So to solve this, you need to know what does, how does NRZI work? And you need to remember that. I will not give that to you. Easy way to remember, invert on ones. NRZI, invert on ones. The other scheme is NRZL, NRZ level. In that case, it's simply high for bit zero, low for bit one. That was the easy part. Now draw the signal for Manchester encoding. So the question gives you the definition of Manchester encoding. You don't need to remember that. You need to remember NRZ level and invert on ones. But the other schemes, I will give you the definition if needed. But you need to know how to apply them or to do the mapping from data to signal. To save some time, we see the answer here. With Manchester encoding, when we have a bit zero to send, in the middle of the interval, we'll make a transition from high to low. So the first bit is in fact a bit zero. So here's our bit interval. In the middle of that interval, we transition from high to low. And the second bit is a bit zero. So again, in the middle of the interval, we must transition from high to low. Since we were at low before, it means at the start of the interval, we must go up to high so that we can go from high to low in the middle. So with zero, it's always, if we look at this part, high then low. If you look zero, zero. And one is the opposite from low to high. One, zero, one, one, one, zero. So you just need to make sure in terms of the signal that if we are low and the next bit is a bit zero, then we need to make a transition up to high. Here we were low after the bit zero. The next bit is a one. We don't need to change the level at the start only in the middle. So always a transition in the middle where they're Manchester encoding, high to low, bit zero, low to high, bit one. Sometimes a transition at the start of the interval, only when needed. There's a part C, good one to have a read through in your own time. I will not go through all parts. Of course, you may get questions about different schemes. We've gone through some in the lecture. There may be new schemes, but I will not require you to remember them. I'll just ask you, well, here's the definition of Manchester encoding. Now solve some problem. Same with the other schemes. Remember NRZI, NRZL. Well, a little bit of that one done. Any other preferences? Three. Okay. Actually, that's the answers. Let's go back to the questions. Have a read through. We have two computers connected by one cable and they're using some specific protocols to communicate. Now first, remember back to our five layer stack. You need to memorize those five layers from the top application, transport, network, data link, physical layers. They're the general or they're the names of those layers. Here, in each of those layers, we use a specific protocol. In this question, it tells us what protocols are being used. It says, we're transferring a large file from one computer to another using a protocol called TFTP. We haven't mentioned this one before, so it's something new. It's called the trivial file transfer protocol. It's for transferring files, but that doesn't matter. So the application uses TFTP. So that's the application layer protocol which uses UDP as a transport protocol. So at the transport layer, we have UDP. What's the protocol of this set? So if this is application, UDP is transport, which one's network layer? We've got one, two, three, four, five. It almost gives you the answer there. If TFTP is application, UDP is transport. The question says that. Which one's network layer? If you read through, the last two are physical and data-link. So it leaves just one remainder, remaining, IP. Our first question is, draw a protocol stack labeling each layer. Well, let's draw it in detail. And so, there are the five layers that you need to remember. From the question, what protocols are used in each layer? At the application layer, we use TFTP. That's for transferring the file. The question says that TFTP uses as a transport protocol UDP. So the protocol here is UDP. The question also says, physical layer, here's the hints, physical data-link. Is IEEE 802.3 Ethernet? In fact, they're the same name. So I'll say at the data-link layer, in fact, the data-link layer and the physical layer use the same standard for their protocols, although they're different protocols. So what's left? The network layer from our question, sorry, IP, the internet protocol. So that's a detailed protocol stack for one of the computers. That is, my application has a 100 megabyte file. We use TFTP to transfer that file to the other computer. But what happens is that TFTP adds some extra data, splits the file into parts, sends it to UDP, which adds some header, sends it to IP, which adds some more header, and so to the bottom two layers and then transmit that across the link to the receiving computer. Recall that the protocols commonly add some header information. For example, for addresses, for sequence numbers, to keep track of things so that the protocol works correctly. Coming back to our question, how much overhead is in each packet sent by the source computer? Well, let's work out how big is each packet sent by the source computer. We start with a 100 megabyte file. What, at the start, the top layer we use is TFTP. It says the maximum allowed data size is 512 bytes. So we've got 100 megabytes, but TFTP must break it into smaller chunks, which are no more than 512 bytes long. So we can do the calculation later of how many chunks, but we know that we split that 100 megabyte file into chunks of 512 bytes long. So we have 512 bytes of data, and we add a four byte header. Then we send that to the next layer, which is in fact UDP. That allows up to 65,000 bytes. Well, in fact, we're gonna have much less than that, 512 plus four, adds a header, sends it to the next layer, which is IP, adds a header, and sends it to the subsequent layers. Let's keep track of how much header is added to that original amount of data. So TFTP adds four bytes. Let's write it here. I'll just write, these are the number of bytes added in terms of header to every packet sent. UDP adds eight bytes, IP 20 bytes, the data link layer adds a header of 14 bytes, and a trailer of four bytes. So a total of extra over header adds is 18 bytes. The header is at the front of the data, and the trailer is at the end, but they're both counted as overhead. And the physical layer adds four bits. All right, we're counting bytes here, let's say half a byte. So when we have our original piece of data, which we'll see is 512 bytes long, we add all of these headers and trailers, and then we send that entire packet across the network. So if we add them up, what do we get? 50.5 bytes, 50 and a half bytes. So we started with 100 megabyte file, but our application limits, well, specifically TFTP limits to send just 50 or 512 bytes at a time. So in fact, we have to break that 100 megabytes into 512 byte chunks. How many chunks? This is not solving part B, but it's actually leading us to part C. So we'll do it while we're here. If I have 100 megabytes, 100 million bytes, and divide it into 512 byte chunks, I have 195 312 packets of 512 bytes, 312, and the last packet would have the leftover. The maximum size allowed is 512, but if you work out 195 312 times 512, it's slightly less than 100 megabytes. It's the wee one packet, which is 256 bytes. You can check that, and if you multiply 512 by 195 312, add 256 bytes and you get exactly 100 megabytes. So what we've done is we start with 100 megabytes. We have a limitation. We can't send any more than 512 bytes at a time. So we break it into 512 byte chunks, 195 312 chunks. Plus at the end, there's it's leftover 256 bytes. So that's the last chunk. And for each of those, we take the data and attach, if we sum up the other parts, 50.5 bytes of header. That is for every one of those packets or chunks, we attach 40, sorry, four plus eight plus 20, plus 18 plus a half a byte of overhead. 50.5 bytes is the last chunk. 50.5 bytes is 404 bits. What was part, what was the question? Because we've solved multiple questions here. How much overhead is in each packet sent by the source computer, answer is 404 bits. It's the extra information we send. So part B answer 404 bits or 50.5 bytes. How many packets must be sent by the source computer to deliver the entire file? If there are no errors, what's the answer? It's 195,313. Okay, it's 195,312 at this size, plus one at this smaller size. So how many packets in total? It's the sum of those two. And what's, what is the total number of bits transmitted across the link from source to destination? So how many bits in total? With every packet, we have 404 bits of overhead. For this, well, for the first 195,312 packets, we have 404 bits of overhead plus 512 bytes of data. And then for one packet, we have 404 bits of overhead plus 256 bytes of data. Add them all up and you get the answer to this part D, how many bits in total. Or another way to calculate that is to say, okay, the amount of bits in total, we have 100 megabytes of data plus we have 195,313 chunks of overhead. So 195,313 times by 404 bits is the overhead. And the data is 100 megabytes, the original data. And you add them together and that's the total bits sent. Total, we have, that's the number of packets times by the overhead bits plus, that's the overhead in total plus the original 100 megabytes. 100 by 10 to the six bytes. So times by eight to get bits. And if you add them up, you get the answer. Total bits sent is data plus all overhead. And I've done the calculation before and it equals, let's finish this question. Around 878 million bits is a total sent. And remember, our data was 100 megabytes or 800 million bits. We started with 800 million bits of data plus overhead. So now we can determine an efficiency of using this link because to deliver 800 million bits, we actually need to send 878 million bits. So the efficiency of using this link to transfer our original data is the ratio between the original data and the total. You can express it as a percentage. So 800 million divided by 878 million gives us an efficiency of 87.89%. Let's check, not 87, I need my calculator. 800 million over the total, 91%, 91.02%. Which is saying that 91.02% of the time we're sending real data, the other 9% of the time we're sending overhead because the overhead contributes to that 78 million bits. So that was simply 800 million divided by 878 million to give our efficiency expressed as a percentage. And I think from that you can answer all of those parts of that question. Any questions on that calculation? That one's maybe one of the more complicated ones. One more in the last five or 10 minutes. Which question? Two, five or six. Two is about Shannon and Nyquist capacity. Five is about delay calculation. No, five is signals and six is the delay calculation. Any preferences? Apart from go to lunch, what's your preference? Two, five or six, which is harder? Five, okay, good. Plot the signal. Here's a signal equation, draw a plot of that signal in the frequency domain. Recall in the frequency domain, we plot the frequency components versus their amplitude, their peak amplitudes. So first step, determine the frequencies of each of the four components. We have four components in this signal, easy. What are their frequencies? That's your first step. And that equation you need to remember or need to know to solve this or help you solve it. The general equation for our sinusoid, the peak amplitude sine two pi times the frequency times t, the time plus phase five. Well, look at the pattern or the each of those components individually. 10.5 sine 40,000 pi t. Phase is zero, we're gonna ignore that. Peak amplitude A is 10.5. F is what? What's the frequency of this first component? We have 40,000 pi t. The general form is two times pi times the frequency times t. What is F? 20,000. So the frequency of the first component is 20,000 hertz. Then do that for the last three components. Find their peak amplitude and their frequency. First one, frequency of 20,000 hertz. Second one will be 60,000. 100,000 hertz. 140,000 hertz. And the peak amplitudes are easy. They're just the multipliers in the front. Given those values, how do we create the plot? I have the answer here. Here's our plot. It's quite simple. At each of those frequencies, we draw an impulse with the height equal to the peak amplitude. So 20,000 hertz. This is measured in kilohertz, the scale here. 20,000 hertz, peak amplitude 10.5. 60,000 hertz, 3.5. 100 kilohertz, 2.1. 140 kilohertz, 1.5. So there's our answer. The plot of a signal in the frequency domain is the components and their amplitudes. What's the absolute bandwidth of this signal? Bandwidth, just look at the picture. Look at the width of the spectrum. It ranges from 20 up to 140 kilohertz. So the width is 120 kilohertz. The difference between the minimum component and the maximum. So bandwidth of this signal, 120,000 hertz. 120 kilohertz. What is the value of the frequency of this signal? If you check the frequencies of the components, we see that they are all integer multiples of one of those components. We have 20 kilohertz. We have 3 times 20 kilohertz. 5 times 20 kilohertz. And 7 times 20 kilohertz. In that case, it means the resulting signal has a frequency of 20 kilohertz. Because there are all integer multiples of one of them, that one of them is the fundamental frequency. The others are harmonics, harmonic frequencies. So the answer is the signal frequency is 20 kilohertz. And it's only true when the other components are integer multiples of that one. Last one. Here are eight plots. If we zoom out, there are eight plots given. Which one is the signal that we just analyzed? So now we have the signal in the frequency domain. Now we plot signals in the time domain. So time versus amplitude. There are eight different signals plotted here. Which one do you think is the one that we started with? Well, the hint, look at the frequency in the plots. You cannot see at this level of zoom. But with a frequency of our signal of 20 kilohertz, it means the period is 1 divided by 20 kilohertz. Which is, well, 50 microseconds. So then if you look in the scale here, you at least find the one which has a period of 50 microseconds. I can't remember which one it is. All right, then ours had four components. It's not this signal, because we know this is just a single sine wave. There's just one component here. So it's not these two. It's unlikely to be this one, because a perfect square wave would need more than four components. And I think then if you can remove the ones which have the wrong frequency, you can find out the answer is C. You have to check the details. With a period of 50 microseconds, some of them have the wrong period. They are not our signal. Some of them have the wrong shape. They are not our signal. And it leaves just one as the possible answer. And the answer is C, I think, in that case. So that's one where you need to work out and remove the ones which are not possible.


My name is Tony Barnett, I'm Chief Investigator with the Centre for Research Excellence in Primary Oral Health Care. We're interested in how to improve oral health and oral health services, specifically my role is to look at rural oral health. We were trying to investigate why oral health was poor in the bush, why people presented to health care facilities with oral health problems, rather than for maintenance, oral health maintenance and prevention of oral health disease, and we were wondering what we could do about it, how we could improve oral health in country areas. We wrote to the Chief Dentists of a number of states and asked them to identify some towns in rural and remote areas of Australia where there wasn't a dentist. And our plan was to go to those towns and talk to primary care providers, so nurses, GPs, pharmacists, the local hospitals, to see if oral health was a problem, if they were seeing people with oral health issues and how they were managing those, and if they had ideas about how the problem of oral health could be better remedied or solved in the bush. We found that oral health was a big problem. People in many rural towns were presenting to non-dental health practitioners with oral health problems, abscesses, toothache. There were issues that were a burden to the general health system. This was largely due to the lack of in situ or in place dental services, so people when they had an oral health problem were going to their primary care provider, the pharmacist or the GP or the emergency department in hospitals. It was a big problem. We found that the primary care providers were very interested in oral health. They didn't have sufficient knowledge to deal with oral health problems, therefore they were very keen on continuing education in small doses that was very practical. A number of the practitioners sought out continuing education programs. Some of the GPs visited dentists to learn more about oral health and what dentists actually did. We think that's improved their practice and their management of presentations. All the practitioners were terribly keen on prevention of oral health disease. They were looking at primary care strategies that involved collective actions rather than actions primarily by the dentist or an oral health therapist. They were looking at community-based actions that would help prevent oral health disease and maintain good oral health. Things like oral health hygiene, regular brushing, fluoridation of water, healthy diets, not smoking. These general measures they saw as integral and very important to good oral health.