Item number SCP-1263 Object Class Safe Special Containment Procedures SCP-1263-1-5 are to be contained in separate humanoid containment cells modified to accommodate pregnancies. New instances of SCP-1263-A are to be analyzed and evaluated shortly after spawning and shall either be terminated or kept for further study to discretion of Dr. Hoong. There are currently 23 specimens of SCP-1263-A being held at Site-107 for testing. Specimens spawning from the same SCP-1263 subject must not be brought within 1.4 meters of each other for any purpose other than approved testing. Description SCP-1263 consists of five Caucasian female siblings, designated SCP-1263-1 through 5. SCP-1263-1 through 5 are in a comatose state and have been for some time prior to containment. Every four months, five instances of SCP-1263-A will manifest within the wombs of SCP-1263 simultaneously. The gestation period for SCP-1263-A lasts for three months, with a one-month pause before the cycle begins again. Instances of SCP-1263-A appear to be disembodied human heads of variable race and gender. SCP-1263-A instances lack connections for associated bodily systems, and instead of possessing a layer of skin where said connections would normally be located. Despite this, SCP-1263-A instances are alive, and seem to carry out bodily functions of the normal human headwood. SCP-1263-A instances lack any kind of structure for transferring blood from and to the placenta of SCP-1263. Instances have shown near constant brain activity in SCP-1263-A specimens. DNA tests on SCP-1263-A have been inconclusive. SCP-1263-A constantly emit rapid distressed vocalizations. Footnote 1, vocalizations from SCP-1263-A instances are audible from the womb one week before spawning. These vocalizations are largely unintelligible, when at least five instances of SCP-1263-A spawn from the same member or SCP-1263-A are brought into a minimum proximity of 1.4 meters near each other, the vocalizations will begin to synchronize, and will eventually become fully coherent. SCP-1263-A will not engage in its behavior with instances spawned from different members of SCP-1263. The nature and language of the synchronized vocalizations vary depending on the SCP-1263-A's corresponding SCP-1263 member. SCP-1263-A, spawned from SCP-1263-1, recite audio being transmitted on the nearest 99.3 megahertz frequency in real time in Portuguese. SCP-1263-AB, spawned by SCP-1263-2, sing opera created during the Baroque period, altered to be performed in Urdu. SCP-1263-AC, spawned by SCP-1263-3, vocalize the thought streams of an unidentified individual in Laotian. Footnote 2 Subject matters with the thoughts indicated there are those of a resident of Wisconsin named Ron Ackerson. SCP-1263-AD, spawned by SCP-1263-4, tell what are believed to be meteorological forecasts from an unidentified extrasolar planet in Swahili. SCP-1263-A3, spawned by SCP-1263-5, act as a two-way communication device for an intelligent entity designated SCP-1263-SIGMA and speak in English. Footnote 3 Notably other SCP-1263-A instances have displayed extreme anxiety within the presence of SCP-1263-AE. SCP-1263-SIGMA had been largely uncooperative in the Foundation attempt to extract information from it. Addendum 1263-01 Forward First recorded instance of communication with SCP-1263-SIGMA At the time, the research staff were performing initial analysis and testing on SCP-1263-AE to determine the nature of their vocalizations. Three minutes after the chosen SCP-1263-AE instance began to synchronize, SCP-1263-SIGMA attempted communication. Unintelligible voices can be heard in the background. This is Dr. Vargas performing experiment 1263-039-B to determine the nature of SCP-1263-AE's vocalizations. Researchers Janet and White are assisting. The test subjects have been grouped within approximate proximity of each other. We are presently awaiting vocal synchronization. Over the next three minutes, the voices produced by SCP-1263-AE steadily synchronized and evolved into coherent speech. Hello, is this thing on? There is silence for five seconds before Dr. Vargas responds. Um, yes, we can hear you. Excellent. Last few times I tried to get a signal that didn't turn out so well. Please state your name. Jimmy. But that's not important right now. I'm finally able to share my writing. Would you like to hear some poetry? That won't be necessary. Now how did you come to acquire this method of communication? Oh come on now, I'm sure you'll love it. The SCP-1263-AE instances can be heard clearing their throats. Love, what is life without it? Why should be questioned about it? It is but the wind in the trees, the funny feeling in my knees, floating like a bumblebee, so free. Silence for three seconds. Now, wasn't that lovely? Here's another. Mother Nature, her sweet caress, it's all I need when life gives to rest, sounds so sweet to researchers Janet and White. Take the heads away, we'll try this another time. Yeesh, tough crowd.  End log.


Hello and welcome. This is a tutorial video on an R package called MetaBMA, which can be used to perform Bayesian model averaging for meta-analysis. My name is Daniel Haeg. I'm professor of psychological methods at Phillips University of Marburg. You can contact me at this email address here or at my website, and at this website I also place this script. So if you want to follow me through this tutorial, you can copy this link to your browser and then replicate these analysis. Before we get into the details, a few words about the package. So what its main functionality is in meta-analysis, there's very often the debate should we use a fixed effects model or random effects model. The fixed effects model assumes that the true effect size is identical in all studies and the random effects model assumes that there's heterogeneity and that true study effect sizes vary. And model averaging helps you to cope with the uncertainty which of the two models is better. So essentially, we will fit both types of models and then see how much evidence is there for the two models. And then we use this relative evidence to get kind of a rated result compromise between those two worlds. Okay, now let's get started. If you want to learn more about the statistical and technical background, there's another separate video with slides and explanations regarding the statistics and the Bayesian inference. Here we'll focus on the package. You can get this package from C-Rans, just with commenting out this line, install packages meta-BMA. Of course, you can also do it in RStudio with the packages tab and then plug in and put on install and then you type in meta-BMA. However, you do it, then you have the package. You can also install the newest version from GitHub. However, be aware that for this you need R-Tools, so you need to comment out these lines and run it, but it only works if you can compile C-Code. GitHub is also a good place to give feedback. And so if you use this package and think there's a bug or you have a feature request or question, you can use the problem over there. Now, let's load the package with the library command. If you do this, you will see a red warning, loading required package, this is meta-BMA version and so on. Default priors were changed in some prior version. And this is important. So if you use this package for your analysis, it's recommended that you always specify your priors in your script. This is written down here because you do not need to do it. You can use the default priors, which makes using the package easier, but then it's kind of risky because if the priors change, I'm not sure what type of priors you used. So the recommendation is even if you use the default priors, copy them from the documentation into your script, so you'll make sure that you always use the same priors. We also load another meta-analysis package, meta-4, which is a great package for performing frequentist meta-analysis and we will only use it for a forest plot. Now, for the Bayesian model fitting, we need Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling, which is a stochastic type of model fitting, which means the results can vary slightly regarding some decimal places to make sure that that does not happen. So if you can use this set seed command, the number is arbitrary, and thereby everything that follows will give you the same results. Now, let's load a data set. As an example, it's a TOBLS data set here. It is shipped together with a meta-BMA package and I printed it here. You essentially see there are seven studies. Each study reports an effect size, in this case a logout ratio with a corresponding standard error. Now, a few words about the effect sizes. You should pick an effect size that is asymptotically normally distributed. Standard choices are coins D, HSG, fissures Z or logouts ratio. You should not use things like a Pearson correlation R because it's truncated to be between minus one and one. And you should not use an odds ratio because it is truncated to be positive. There's a lot of literature about that. You can look up. You can also use the meta-4 package to compute these effect sizes and the corresponding standard errors. And these standard errors, of course, they capture essentially the sample size. If a study is huge, the standard error will be small. Okay. Regarding the content here, just a remark. This TOBLS data set concerns the question whether intervention is effective. So there was an intervention and a control group. And the idea was how can we make hotel guests reuse your TOBLS and the intervention group. They were told something that almost everybody does it. This is the example here. Let's look at the data and then we see the intervention is effective if the logouts ratio is positive. And this appeared to be the case descriptively for five studies for the first five. And in the other two, it was negative even though the confidence intervals are quite large. Now, this is the data we have, an effect size for each study and how precisely it was estimated, the standard error. And the question is now, how can we synthesize these results? How can we get an overall estimate of the effectiveness of the intervention across studies? And for this, we need a prior distribution in the Bayesian framework. So we need to specify our expectations, what effect sizes are plausible. And here we do this as follows. There's a function called prior. And with this, you can specify prior distributions. One argument is family. Here norm stands for normal distribution. It's a type of distribution. You could also pick a t for t distribution and param other parameters because the normal distribution has a mean and standard deviation. Here mean zero standard deviation 0.3. So let's specify this prior and then you have an object of the type prior. And this can be plotted. So to illustrate it and make sure that the prior makes sense. In this case, it would mean that our expectations regarding the logouts ratio of the effectiveness of the treatment are as follows. The effects between the minus 0.5 and plus 0.5 are most plausible, most likely are priori and smaller effects are more plausible than larger effects. This is captured by this distribution. However, any type of effect is possible. So it can be even minus one or plus two. Everything is possible. This is the prior distribution and this one doesn't make a lot of sense because in this scenario, we have a clear expectation that the treatment will be effective. It will have a positive effect. So what we want is essentially that only positive effect sizes are plausible. And this can be done by changing the prior. You can add an argument lower equals zero, which is a truncation. So I run this and I plot it and then you see what happens. Essentially, you specify one-sided hypothesis. The effect size should be positive. It's not allowed to be smaller than zero. And then this is used as a plausible distribution of effect sizes. However, it's still rather uninformative. So it still assumes that smaller effects are more plausible and it's rather wide. And you can even go further and use informed prior distributions. So if you have an expert that tells you if there's an effect, it will be in this range, then you can rely on that. And this was done for another meta-analysis. We did this in social psychology and then we got the following prior. It was a t-distribution with three parameters, location 0.035, scaling of 0.1 and three degrees of freedom, truncated at zero. And if we plot this, you now see what informed prior distribution means. It's located at a certain peak, 0.35. This is the most plausible logouts ratio. And then the values around it are also quite plausible and all of them must be positive. So you see you have a lot of possibilities to define priors and the recommendation is usually to do a sensitivity analysis and check how much do your results change when you change the prior. So you could use the default priors. You could use us two experts, then you have two expert priors and you could use a very weekly prior that is even more broad and then you check how important the priors are for the conclusions. And this is called a sensitivity analysis. In the following, we will only use one type of prior to simplify things. Now we have our data, we have our expectations and we have to put them together and this is model fitting. So let's look again at the data set, how it's structured. We have three columns, essentially the study labels, the effect sizes and the standard error. And this is what you have to plug in into the fitting function. So here it's called meter fixed for a fixed effects model. And the first four arguments are simply the effect size log or error, the standard error, the label and the data frame. It's called towels. This is the standard input you have for almost any analysis functions in R. Now what's new is the D argument. This is the prior for the overall effect size. This was traditionally named D for cones D, but it's the overall effect size in this case for the log odds ratio. And the prior we looked at this above can be changed. Here it's a normal distribution. If you fit this, it's very fast. So let's look at the results. And now we have a forest plot of the meter BMA package. And you again see the observed effect sizes and confidence intervals. But at the bottom, you also see a total effect size. This is the effect size of the fixed effects model. So if you assume all of the effects are in the population identical and given the specific prior, this is your posterior estimate of the effectiveness of the model. This is your posterior estimate of the effectiveness of the treatment. You can even better look at it using the plot posterior function. With this you see the prior in gray in the background. This is the truncated normal distribution we specified. And then you see that your data helped you to learn something about the parameter. So it's much more peaked in blue. And the most plausible log odds ratio is 0.2. And in shaded blue you see the 95% credible interval of most plausible values. And of course you can also look at the results more closely. If you print the objects, it will show you what type of meter analysis you fitted. So here it's a fixed effects model. It will show you the prior in words. It will show you base factors and it will show you posterior estimates. Let's start at the bottom with the posterior estimates because this is essentially what you see in the plot of the posterior. So you have a posterior mean. This is the point estimate, which is roughly 0.2 as in the figure. You have a posterior standard deviation, which is your uncertainty regarding the estimate. You have quantiles, which you can report as credible intervals. So there's a lower boundary of 0.06 and an upper boundary or alternatively you can use highest posterior density intervals. So either you report the HPD interval or you report the equitate interval. This is the estimate of the effect, but there's also a base factor. And the base factor tells you how much evidence is there for the effect. And this is essentially a quadratic matrix where you compare each model with each other model. And now the interesting value here is the 23.9 because this is the evidence that there is an effect. And more precisely, this is the ratio how likely are the data under the alternative hypothesis each month. So how likely are they assuming that there is an effect relative to how likely are the data assuming that there's no effect. And now we see the data are 23.9 times more likely when assuming that there's an effect. And this is essentially evidence for the effect. And this is clearly above the threshold. So there are common thresholds like 3 and 10 and we are clearly above it. If this base factor would be close to 1, you wouldn't know. You wouldn't have clear evidence. So this is the simple Bayesian analysis. You can do the same now with the random effects model. And what you need to do is you need to replace the function by meter random. Then most of the input is identical. And you have an additional argument tau for the prior distribution on the standard deviation of true effect sizes. So this is the heterogeneity. What do you expect? How much do the study effects differ in the population? Here it's a t-distribution with some location scale and degrees of freedom. Now if you fit this, it takes a few seconds longer because it does MCMC sampling. More precisely it uses STAN and precompiled STAN models. So it's very fast and all of this is done automatically. If you look at the forest plot, it's now slightly different because for each study we have two estimates. There's a circle which is the descriptive estimate and the triangle which is a shrunken estimate. And you see the shrinked estimates are closer to each other. This is a typical feature of random effects models and the overall effect. You can look at the posterior and as before the prior is updated to the posterior. It's more peaked. You have learned something about where the average effect size is. But if you look at the heterogeneity, you see that prior and posterior are very similar. So apparently the seven studies we have are not very informative with respect to telling us what the standard deviation of true effect sizes is. It's just difficult to estimate so the posterior is relatively broad. If you look at the results, you again get posterior estimates in terms of point estimates and credible intervals and base factors. And now you see the evidence for the effect is only 3.8. So there's less evidence that there's an effect when you assume that effects might vary. Now the question is of course which of the two models is better. And this is no answer by model averaging. So there's a new function meter BMA. The input is all the same. And if you run this, it will fit both models. So let's look at the forest plot. And now you see three estimates at the bottom. Fixed effect estimates and random effect estimates. These are the two we saw before. And then there's an averaged estimate and this is kind of a compromise between the other two. And the compromise is based on the evidence for one of the models. It becomes even clearer if you look at the posterior because now you have one prior distribution and it's identical for all models. But there are two posteriors, one fixed and violent at one random in red. And you see the fixed one is more peaked and the random one is more broad. And the question is which of the two is better. And in between you find the averaged posterior in blue. And this is actually the average of the two densities and the ratio by which they are averaged depends on the evidence for fixed effects or the evidence for random effects. And so this is a nice feature because you take into account the uncertainty which of the two models is better. And if one of the models is clearly better, the average posterior will reflect that and just mimic it. In the output you correspondingly have three lines for the estimates. Average fixed random which corresponds to the plotted distributions.  You see that there are four models considered fixed and random and null and alternative hypothesis. And each has a prior probability of 25%. After seeing the data you get posterior probabilities and you see the most likely model is a fixed effects alternative hypothesis. But there's considerable uncertainty because this is rather likely, but the random effects alternative is also relatively likely. And this is considered now by model averaging. On top you find base factors. There you can see that they are again the numbers we saw before. So if you use fixed effects models, the evidence for an effect is 23. If you use random effects models, the evidence is 3.7. And the question is what base factor do you get if you do a compromise? And this is done here by the inclusion base factor and you get this by comparing the alternative hypothesis fixed and random versus the null hypothesis. Fixed and random. And if you do that you get a compromise base factor and inclusion base factor of 9.8. And this is in between. And it takes into account the uncertainty whether it's fixed or random, but it gives you the evidence. Apparently there appears to be an effect of the treatment. So this is the main function here, what it's used for. Now last thing very fast. There's also a sequential plot. I will not run this because it takes a lot of time. I will just show it. And this is a nice thing in the Bayesian framework. You can look at the sequential evidence updating as studies come in. You see each study changes the base factor, the evidence, and then you can predict what will happen if you do an additional study. So here there are 20 studies simulated with a standard error of 0.2. And you will see what to expect. This was it. Thanks for your attention. I hope you will find this useful.


Therefore, it is time for our members' statements. The member from Whitby, Oshawa. Thank you, Speaker. I'd like to take this opportunity as the official opposition critic for training colleges and universities to speak about the skills mismatch and its effects in my writing of Whitby, Oshawa. A great young man from my writing graduated from Teachers College last year and he's always wanted to teach. But for the past year, Speaker, he's not been able to find employment. And after an interview with Durham District School Board, he did not get the position and was told that he could not reapply for a full year. Speaker, thousands from Teachers College will be graduating this year and diluting this young man's opportunities. Mr. Speaker, this skills mismatch continues to grow and all the government can say is that they're conducting another review. And this government's had 13 years to conduct the reviews. Parents in my writing want to know that their sons and daughters can leave the University College or an apprenticeship with a real opportunity to start a career. Speaker, it's time for the government to take real action and stop graduating people for yesterday's jobs. Thank you, Speaker. Thank you. Members, statements from the member from Oshawa. Thank you, Speaker. The manufacturing industry isn't what it used to be, nor should it be. As a province, we should be moving forward. We should be an example for the world to follow, but what we shouldn't be doing is leaving people behind. Tomorrow, General Motors will announce its plan to hire 1,000 new engineers to boost its research and development activities in Canada. Make no mistake, this is a good news announcement. It is an important step forward for the auto industry in Ontario and in Oshawa. I'm encouraged by General Motors' continued commitment to Oshawa, but the fact is the families in our community continue to remain uncertain about their futures. Without a new product mandate from General Motors and without a promise to keep the existing 2,500 jobs at the assembly plants, our community is left with more questions than answers. Oshawa has been a leader in the automotive industry for decades, and as we continue to grow as an innovation hub, we must also ensure that the thousands of families that built GM are not left behind. These families have been left in the lurch for more than a decade, and they deserve to know what the future will hold. Oshawa is, and always will be, Motor City, and that is thanks to the efforts of generations of GM employees in our community. Hard work shouldn't go unnoticed, and it shouldn't be forgotten. So, I ask that the government work with GM and fight for our community. Tomorrow's announcement will ensure that the cars of the future will be developed in Oshawa. Now let's make sure they are built in Oshawa too. Thank you. Member Stavers, the member from the Tobacco Center. Thank you, Speaker. I hold a monthly seniors advisory group meeting in my riding of the Tobacco Center, and when I started having those meetings, I began to hear from seniors who told me that they had received unwanted sales offers at their door, where salespeople use coercive, aggressive, misleading sales tactics to entice them into contracts that take advantage of them right at their own doorsteps. Under the guise of saving consumers money, many dishonest salespeople do consumers into contracts that are more expensive than industry standards, that have harsh cancellation fees and provide inferior products and services that don't work or that don't perform as advertised. Shameful. While this is an issue that cuts across all ages and backgrounds, it's alarming to see how often these salespeople target those who can be vulnerable. It is reprehensible, beyond reprehensible to me, that some organizations have a business model that's based on taking advantage of vulnerable people. That is why I introduced Bill 193, the Door-to-Door Sales Prohibition Act, which would ban the sale leaser rent at a consumer's home of products that have been the subject of these reprehensible tactics. And I'm pleased to note that consumer groups, CARP, and a number of municipalities have passed motions supporting my bill in urging a provincial ban on door-to-door sales of these products. They include the City of Brampton, Hamilton, Markham, Mississauga, Oshawa, Pickering, the Township of North Dundas, the Township of Wellington North, and the City of Toronto, amongst others. Consumers have spoken, advocacy groups have spoken, and now the municipalities are speaking up as well. We must take action to protect Ontarians from these predatory practices. When my bill is presented for second reading this afternoon, I hope that all members will join me in supporting this legislation. The seniors in my riding and consumers across Ontario deserve no less. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. We hear there may be a government announcement on human trafficking later this month, even though we gather here on the last day of this session, still not having a public comprehensive strategy or adequate dedicated funding. The government has had many opportunities to take action and has chosen not to. My motion for Human Trafficking Task Force was unanimously supported back in 2015, no task force yet. As well, my private member's bill saving the Girl Next Door Act past second reading unanimously in February, yet it is still languishing in committee. This year's budget, again, back in February was the most direct place for this government to show its care to prioritize this battle, yet the result was no immediate moneys dedicated to fight human trafficking. There were reports of human trafficking incidences week after week. In April, the OPP, RCMP and Canada Board of Services laid charges against 80 people for sexual assault making, distributing and accessing child pornography. Investigators also found minors including girls 14 to 16 years working in a sex trade against their will. What does it take for this government to understand that every single passing day without action leaves a victim without rescue? Municipalities get it. Toronto, the GTA, Hamilton, Peterborough, over to Great County and all the way up to Hearst and Moussineet understand. In fact, 135 municipalities to date have passed resolutions in support of my legislation against human trafficking. It is a province-wide crisis. Moreover, the appropriate funding needs to reach all arms from police forces to victim services to have real effect. This has to be a coordinated effort. A multi-jurisdictional task force is needed now. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Thank you. Thank you, Speaker. I rise today to invite motorcyclists from across the province to the New Lisker Bikers Union. It's in the long weekend of July, July 1st long weekend, and over 15 years this has gone from 20 bikers in a barbecue to an event where over 6,000 motorcyclists come to New Lisker, to Miskming Shores every year. It's a family friendly event and one of the highlights of this event is the Freedom Ride where it takes about 10 miles of motorcycles on a route. It's closed off.  I invite you specifically this year because this sadly is going to be the last year of the Bikers Union. The driving force behind the Bikers Union, Barry Fippen and who's still the driving force who's the originator in the driving force has decided, along with this committee, they've got a lot of volunteers that they're going to end this in a high note and this is going to be the biggest and best Bikers Union people have ever seen. And if you want to get there, you just have to go up Highway 11 and you'll start seeing big yellow signs in memory of about cancer patients. They raise a lot of money for cancer. There's more signs for the Bikers Union than any election campaign in history and it's a great event. I'd like to thank Barry. Over the years they have raised over a million dollars which is held in trust by the Smithsburg Foundation and the proceeds of that will help cancer patients for many, many years to come. Thank you. Sounds like hog heaven. Member Stavitz, the member from Ajax, back to me. I just slipped. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. It's a joy to be back here this afternoon. I was scared we might have to leave at noon hour. I'd like to bring forth information on the 46th annual Ajax Home Week which commences in two days time, Sunday June 12th through June 19th ending on Father's Day. It is a series of community groups. The Kinsman, Lyons, Optimus, Rotary and Agent and a number of other church and community groups who assist in producing this week and generally it's to say thank you to all the people of Ajax and area for all of the fundraising the people help them with so that they can continue to serve us in charitable goods and the week-long celebration of course is absolutely for everyone and it's something we put in the very first day and 46 years ago regardless of gender, religion, race, age or personal means and over 60% of the events are no charge. I'm looking, I won't have time to finish Mr. Speaker, but you're very generous with me. The first one is on Sunday June 12th and it's at Ajax Downs everything under the sun from free horse racing, free pony, petting zoo, free exotic animals, mini zoo children's entertainment professional groups adult entertainment professional groups and it goes on Monday nights to the Lions past the night Tuesday and Thursday night Joe and Donna Dixon, free swim nights at McLean Center that's first there, first serve and on Thursday St. Timothy's Church Friday, St. Timothy's Church barbecue was a great time as well Finn McCool's hold a giant party in the entire Durham Center and I'm getting down to the last day Mr. Speaker your generosity and there is a peace and harmony multicultural concert Thank you and the big day the big day if I could Mr. Speaker the last day, Father's Day is what emergency services and first responders do they do a day I thank the member for me and on and on and it ends Mr. Speaker with the giant largest fireworks in all of Durham region and that's an agent we'll see you thank you it's called word count the member from the member statements the member at Tharnhill thank you very much Mr. Speaker and I'm so excited to see here in the members gallery we've got Janna and her sister Jordan and their mom I'm sorry her name just escaped me for a second but it'll come to me in a minute Elise and they are the Zarikov family and they're doing Janna's lemonade stand again this year in memory of their father and late husband Stuart who died of lymphoma it's a fantastic fundraiser and this Saturday rain or shine at 11 a.m. it's going to be at 45 Loma Vista Drive in Tharnhill and you can go online to donate if you can't make it at www.limphoma.ca there's going to be lemonade treats, bracelets, all kinds of stuff for sale it's a lot of fun it's just a short walk for my house so I hope to see lots of people there this is the sixth year that they're doing this fundraiser and I just want to mention to people I've said it a few times in this house that in Tharnhill people don't just talk they do they don't just say oh you know what we need to raise money for something or for a cause or we care about something in the community they write letters to the editor they set up a charity they join a charity they go and support the charities so that's why it's such an honour for me to represent Tharnhill and see people like Jen and her sister and I'm sorry that the security guard made you turn your t-shirts inside out they had wonderful t-shirts that said Jen as lemonade stand and the colour for to support lymphoma is purple so I urge everybody to go online to donate to stop by at the lemonade stand Jen as lemonade stand so much with and to wear purple and to support and keep a smile on your face because we're such a great community thank you thank you Mr. Speaker a couple weeks ago I was thrilled to attend an exciting celebration at Cinespace Film Studios in my writing of Etobicole Lakeshore York University announced the opening of a new satellite campus location of York University school of the arts media performance and design in Etobicole Lakeshore alongside Mamdu Shukri President and Vice Chancellor of York University Jeff O'Hagan York University's Vice President for Advancement and Sean Bricksy Dean of the school of arts media performance and design the Mercopolis family announced that they have provided a generous donation of two and a half million dollars to create a new York University AMPD motion media studio at Cinespace Film Studios the state of the art facility for teaching, learning and producing content is embedded at Cinespace's Kipling Avenue studio complex in my writing and this will allow students to explore the creation, convergence and application of next generation arts and entertainment media technologies these students will be able to do so in a real movie studio environment thereby enhancing the value of their academic pursuits this gift will also have a lasting impact on Etobicole Lakeshore as it continues to establish itself as a world-recognized film and creative industries hub Mr. Speaker with this addition of a second post-secondary learning institution in my writing the first being Humber College my community is welcoming both students and industry to thrive in Ontario Thank you for your member's statements the member from beaches east York it's a great pleasure to rise and inform the house today that tomorrow my private member's bill looking after the tips of precarious employees comes into effect and I'm not only out there protecting precarious workers in Ontario and I'm very excited about that but what I'm really excited is to tell you about the 28 international beaches jazz festival which starts July the second it's now extended to a third week speaker three weekends starting on July the second and the first week is dedicated to salsa and I'm going to try to encourage the minister of fun and fitness Minister Coutot to come and join us there get a salsa groove on now they continue this year to have the very popular Queen Street fast where every couple of blocks they have a different band a lot of local all local bands from across Ontario and the GTA who play on the street corners and you can walk up and down Queen Street but this year they've extended way out into Riverdale and Leslieville as well so that day which will coming up will be an incredible day, I encourage everyone to get around we are also returning this year to Q Gardens stage which is where Lido Jalee founded the beaches jazz festival 28 years ago but it's been on at Woodbine Park and doing because the the crowds got so big but we're going back to Q Gardens for a miniseries and acapella is making a second year it was so successful last year the acapella and finally we're now moving the beaches jazz into what we call the farmers market series all farmers markets in east end of Toronto are going to have the opportunity to have a local band playing music during the festival while people are buying the fresh goods in Ontario because speaker, good things do grow in Ontario thank you I think you meant the minister of tourism culture and sport, I think that's what you meant point of order the member from Newmarket to Aurora yes point of order Mr. Speaker I believe that you'll find we have unanimous consent that members be permitted to wear pins for brain tumor awareness remember from Newmarket to Aurora seeking unanimous consent to wear the pins for brain tumor do we agree? agreed thank you


Hi everyone, Joe for Jasper's case brakes calm coming at you with the Yankees white sox manners number block randomizer For the following break right there on your screen if you're not sure a number block works read that description It'll give you all the things you need to know big. Thanks all these folks for getting into it. They're the numbers right there Let's roll it. Let's randomize it five and a one six times two And a one six and final time after six we got Anthony down to Jimmy Brant The break itself will be in a separate video in case you're wondering No one six and final time after six Right five and one six times six times. We've got nine down to four All right Anthony with nine Mike with seven Corey with one Jeremy with three Joshua B You have any and all redemption for those three teams down there Including a blockchains if any Ryan with six Chris with five Daniel with eight David with two and Jimmy with four Let's sort these by column B by team and Once again in a separate video will be the break itself. I'm Joe. I'll see you for that one. Bye. Bye


Alright, our recording has started and we can begin. I would like to request one of us to please lead in prayer this morning. Okay, anybody volunteer to pray? I'll pray first. Yes. Dear Heavenly Father, we thank you for this morning. Thank you for this day God. I pray, Lord, that today you would have your way. God, let your kingdom come. It will be done in our lives, God. As Pastor Nancy teaches us your work, God, I pray that we would hear your word and that we would apply it in our daily lives, God, and learn more about you and practice it every day, God. Thank you for another day, Pastor Nancy, and giving her the words to say and giving her wisdom. Lord, I pray for your grace. I pray for each student here. I pray that we would learn and that we would grow in the knowledge of who you are. God, have your way, and God, in Jesus' name, I pray. Amen. Amen. Thank you. Thank you, Kung. We will get started from where we had stopped in the last class. We saw how the Holy Spirit was poured out in the Book of Acts. And then we saw that when this great noise came through from the upper room that people had gathered and we could notice people from at least 15 different communities who came and who heard praises of God in their own language. And then, you know, Peter stands up to explain the phenomenon and he quotes from Prophet Joel and he lets the people know that this is what the Prophet Joel had spoken about. And we know that it looked quite different from what the Prophet Joel had mentioned because he had enlisted dreams, visions, prophecy and things like that. But in this particular happening, it was an unknown language which people were speaking. But by the Holy Spirit, he was able to tell that this was the work of the Holy Spirit. And the people who observed it, we noticed they had two responses. One was that of honouring God. The other one was that of mocking these people. So, you know, Peter begins to explain further. We saw how he made his sermon, right? He made his sermon. He first talked about this being a work of God and then he goes on to talking about the Lord Jesus Christ. So, this is Peter's first sermon and he quotes from the Old Testament. We had gone over the sermon somewhat quickly but I'll just take some time today to explain it better to all of us. So, although we stopped somewhere, you know, at the place where Peter talked about Jesus being greater than David, I'll just, you know, go to some of the scriptures which are earlier and start from there. So, Acts chapter 2, verse 21. Let's go back there. Yes. So, we said that, you know, Peter talked about the prophecy of Joel. Now, in verse 21, I want you to notice this. From this time onwards, after the Holy Spirit has been poured out, well, not exactly this moment, but the last days and I explained to us the last days are once Jesus was able to perform that sacrifice that God had sent him to make. So, that is when the last days begin. From then on, what did Jesus do? He opened up the way for the Gentiles as well. But up until then, he was going to the children of the covenant, which is the children of Israel. But after his sacrifice, it was open to all. So, verse 21 here, you know, Peter reiterates that and he says, and it shall come to pass that whoever calls on the name of the Lord shall be saved. So, this is something for us to take notice of because this would not have been possible, but for the sacrifice of Jesus. And something has shifted. And so in the Book of Acts, till the Gospels, we see that Jesus insisted that he must minister to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. But from the Book of Acts, no, this is changing. So, the Gospel is actually according to the Great Commission going to all communities, all tribes, all nations. So, there is no restriction as far as the community is concerned. So, that is why Peter says that whoever calls on the name of the Lord and that is a great encouragement and brings great hope to our hearts. And going forward, we see here that Peter begins to share the Gospel. Another thing that we have to take notice of is that he quotes from the Old Testament because he's talking to a Jewish audience and he knew that they will honour his message if it is related to the Scriptures. So, there are certain passages that he goes back to. Initially, he quoted from Joel chapter 2 verses 28 to 32. Then in the rest of what he shares, he quotes from Psalm chapter 16 verses 8 through 11. He also quotes from Psalm 110 verse 1 as we go forward. So, now he begins to talk about Jesus of Nazareth. And I remember telling all of us that Peter was so bold. We see a completely different man here compared to the one who denied Christ in his crucial moments. So, Peter is very bold and he talks about Jesus of Nazareth because at this point he was a controversial figure to the people anyway because less than two months ago he had been crucified and a lot of confusion existed around his death and later when people started saying that he rose from the dead, it would have been very difficult for the authorities. So, for Peter to proclaim this Jesus at this point in time was amazing. And notice how in verse 22 he says Jesus of Nazareth, Jesus of Nazareth. So, he is not afraid of being clear in his proclamation. And then he talks about Jesus of Nazareth. He says that he was attested by God. Now again, it's all very scary to make statements like this in such an environment because the people had chosen to, you know, Jesus was convicted by the authorities. But Peter is saying he was attested by God or approved by God through the works that he did miracles, wonders and signs. So, it was indeed bold of Peter to do this that he shares the rest of what happened to Jesus verse 23. He says, him being delivered by the determined purpose and foreknowledge of God, you have taken by lawless hands and crucified and put to death. So, again, it's amazing. The people chose to do something but God was still able to fulfill his plan and purpose. So, it's a way in which God's purposes are accomplished, you know, despite the lack of cooperation from mankind. In this case, people chose to kill him. But God's great plan and design that Jesus will become that redemption lamb for us, it was still fulfilled. So, in God's foreknowledge, God knew that Jesus will make a sacrifice and he also knew that the people will be unwilling and they will not be supportive. Yet, God was able to fulfill his purpose. And so, Jesus was crucified and you see, he was put to death. Till that point, it was easy for the people to receive. But verse 24, Peter says, whom God raised up having lost the pains of death because it was not possible that he should be held by it. So, all these statements were very bold of Peter to make at that point because there was still speculation about this event of resurrection. For the Jews, we know in the Gospels, we read that the people who were guarding the tomb of Jesus were told to inform the people that his body was stolen by the disciples. So, there must have been speculation that Peter and his friends have stolen the body of Jesus.  So, he is affirming the resurrection, the bodily resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ. And he says it's God who raised him.  And he quotes David here. He says, for David says concerning him, I foresaw the Lord always before my face, for he is at my right hand that I may not be shaken. So, he's talking about Yahweh God whom they worshiped. And let's see what else David says. He says, therefore my heart rejoiced and my tongue was glad. Moreover, my flesh also will rest in hope. For you will not leave my soul in Hades, nor will you allow your holy one to see corruption. You have made known to me the ways of life.  So, it's a prophetic psalm. David is speaking as if this concerns him. As if God will not let his soul rest in Hades or hell. But, you know, Peter wanted to clarify to the Jews that though David seemed to be speaking of himself in Hades, that God will not leave him in Hades, that they needed to note that it's actually in Jesus Christ who's being spoken of and that God raised him from the dead. So, resurrection would have been a very hard thing for the onlookers to accept. So, he's giving a clarification from scripture. So, in verse 29, he says, meant and brethren, let me speak freely to you of the patriarch David.  So, you know, he's making it plain and clear and saying, look what David said. He said that God will not let him his flesh or his soul remain in Hades. But, what do we know as a fact, you know, right now?  So, he is explaining that these lines are not about David. Further, verse 30, therefore, being a prophet and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that the fruit of his body according to the flesh he would raise up the Christ to sit on his throne. So, he is pointing to the fact that David had a promise that through his lineage will come, you know, somebody who will sit on the throne. So, there will be a descendant on the throne at all times and that would be the Christ. Then verse 31, he foreseeing this spoke concerning the resurrection of the Christ, that his soul was not left in Hades nor did his flesh see corruption. So, he said this was actually spoken about the Christ. Verse 32, this Jesus, God has raised up of which we are all witnesses. So, he clarified that it's only the Christ. What is Christ? Christ is a title. Christ is a saviour. Was the name of Jesus Jesus Christ? No. His name was Jesus and he was probably identified as Jesus of Nazareth. So, that was the identity of Jesus. But Christ is a title given to the one who would save the people. So, Peter explains that it is only possible for the Christ to rise from the dead and then he associates Jesus and says this Jesus, who is this Jesus? The same Jesus who was crucified. Not too long ago, this Jesus, God has raised up. So, do you see the connection here? The Christ is to resurrect. But this Jesus, God raised up and he says, you're all witnesses to that. We have seen it. We can confirm it to you. We are all witnesses of what God has done. And verse 33, therefore being exalted to the right hand of God and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he poured out this which you now see and hear. So, he just gave witness toward the resurrection of Jesus. By quoting Old Testament scriptures, by quoting the patriarch David. So, some of these men of the Old Testament were known as patriarchs. They were great men of faith and their lineages gave birth to other men, mighty men of faith. So, they were well respected. So, using all this, he still proclaimed that scriptures talk about a Christ who cannot be held by death. And he points out how the Lord Jesus is the one who has risen and he fits into this explanation about the Christ. He also says we have witnessed him. So, resurrection is proclaimed by Peter. He proclaims one more aspect about Jesus which is his ascension. So, he says, therefore being exalted to the right hand of God. All these things are not possible by mere human, but it is only possible by the Son of God. So, Jesus ascended up in his resurrected body to the right hand of God. And he says he was received up by the Father and the promise of the Holy Spirit. He poured out this which you now see at here. So, so far we have seen the explanation which Peter gave about basically the phenomenon which was observed by the people. But more about the reason for this phenomenon which is the Lord Jesus, the fact that he is deity, the fact that he has proven his deity through the death, the burial, resurrection and ascension. So, let me just pause here for a moment and talk to all of you. I hope you are all doing fine. Do you have any thoughts at this point? Any comments or questions? We shall take that up and then proceed further. Any other observations of Peter's sermon? Yes, Kennedy, please go ahead. What I am asking, right? Upon the death of Jesus, where did you go to? Upon the death of Jesus. So, I think it's a book of Ephesians where there is an explanation of how Jesus went to the depths of hell and he took the keys of death and he came out having taken those keys. That's where he was. Thank you. Yeah, sure. So, we also recognize from this passage that he went there because at that time you had hell which was according to their understanding. People of Jesus' times it was known as Hades and it had this whole partition where you had one section where it was known as Paradise or Abraham's bosom and those who believed in God, they were all in that place.  So, we don't have what is known as Paradise anymore. So, Jesus went down to Hades, he went and he took the keys of death and he came back. So, that's what happened when he had died. Yes, Sister Rupa, you have something to say? Okay, it seems like... Yeah, Sister Rupa, you're back. Yes, ma'am. Wrong touch. You were asking about any point to be added to Peter's sermon. I just remembered that the Joel prophecy has started when Peter was preaching and it is continuing and it will reach its completion in the end days I believe because the whole prophecy is not fulfilled on that time but it is a continuous process and it will be completely fulfilled in the last days and we should be ready and prepared to receive it. That's what I just wanted to add ma'am. Thank you. Yes, thank you so much for that. That's a very good observation. While Peter was able to say that this is that which is the outpouring of the Holy Spirit which was spoken of by Joel, Sister Rupa is very right. It was just the beginning and the last days continue right now till Jesus returns. So, the work of the Holy Spirit and the baptism in the Holy Spirit the manifestation of the baptism in the Holy Spirit and these are all things that are continuing to unfold even now and the fulfillment as such is not yet done or it's not complete. The Spirit is being poured out and many manifestations are being recognized. So that is correct Sister Rupa. Thank you for that. Any other observations? How about an observation that I made is how Peter makes use of the opportunity. He realizes that people have a question when they hear that sound. So he makes an explanation for that but notice how he brings in the gospel. He brings in the proclamation of the Lord Jesus and who he really is. So that is preaching the gospel. So he made use of the opportunity to invite people to repent, invite people to give their lives to this saviour. So the proclamation of the gospel even at a time when Peter was only meant to give an explanation for what was going on. He doesn't waste the opportunity but he makes sure that he preaches the gospel. So that's something that really touched me. Anything else that you have noticed? So we'll go further and let's see what else happens in Acts chapter 2. So far we've seen Peter's sermon. He's addressing the crowd that had gathered. He has spoken about Jesus and he has talked of his resurrection and ascension till now. So verse 34, for David did not ascend into the heavens but he says himself. Again Peter is clarifying that David is not the one who resurrected from the dead. So he says, the Lord said to my Lord, sit at my right hand till I make your enemies your footstool. So the Lord here refers to Yahweh, the God of the Jews. So they could understand that. Said to my Lord, it's very interesting because David introduced by Peter here is a prophet. So David has a prophet, spoke these things. So in his prophetic word David was actually referring to the Lord Jesus. So Jesus is his Lord. He said it in his prophetic message. The Lord Yahweh God said to my Lord, my Lord, the Lord Jesus. Sit at my right hand till I make your enemies your footstool. So it's amazing how the Holy Spirit gave Peter the wisdom to preach such a message based on scripture. Now who is Peter? Already the Jews who had gathered said, oh these Galileans, they are not learned people. These Galileans, they are not good orators. And to add to that, what are Peter's credentials? You know, cowardly. He's a fisherman. Okay. So speaks before he thinks so many challenges with Peter.  While he provides an explanation to the phenomenon. So it's really powerful what Peter was able to do that day. But we know for a fact that it was not Peter just by himself. But it was the work of the Holy Spirit through Peter that caused him to speak such a powerful sermon. Okay. And to add to this, you know, it was unprepared. He had no idea that he will have to preach a long message like this, you know, on that day of Pentecost. Because how did the day of Pentecost come? And suddenly, yet, we're talking about this beautiful sermon that Peter preached unprepared. Now let's go forward verse 36. Therefore, let all the house of Israel know assuredly that God has made this Jesus whom you crucified both Lord and Christ. So very bold of Peter to speak in this way of the Lord Jesus. Again, he's not afraid to point to this Jesus so that the people are not confused that he's talking about some other Jesus. And he boldly says, this Jesus whom you crucified, what has God done, he has made him both Lord and Christ. So he's God, he's deity, he is a messiah. So the message of Peter was bold and clear, very, very clear. Verse 37. Now, when they had heard this, they were cut to the heart and sent to Peter and the rest of the apostles, men and brethren, what shall we do? So a message preached in the power of the Holy Spirit, it has a response. It has a powerful message, has a powerful response. What is that response? The onlookers, they were cut to the heart. What is cut to the heart? Cut to the heart is the conviction of the Holy Spirit which came upon the listeners. We know from scripture that the Holy Spirit does his work of helping people, of convicting people, of sin righteousness and of judgment. So he brings them to the realization of these things. So as Peter proclaimed the message, the Holy Spirit was working together with him. And people where scriptures say cut to the heart or they were convicted when they heard this. And whenever conviction comes upon people, our responsibility is to guide them on what they need to do. Now, when people are convicted about their sin and people are convinced about the deity of the Lord Jesus Christ that he's the messiah, we need to call them to repentance and the steps that follow repentance. And that's exactly what Peter did. But very beautiful in verse 37 that the large gathering, they were cut to the heart, they were convicted. And they said men and brethren, what shall we do? How many times do we see this kind of a response that people hear what we say and they want to respond? They want to do something to make it right with God. So it was a very effective sermon which Peter preached going to verse 38 here. Then Peter said to them, repent and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus for the remission of sins. And you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. So Peter is very clear in what needs to be done. So he says, repent. That's what you need to do if you are convicted by my message. Repent. John the Baptist preached. Repent for the kingdom of God is at hand. What did Jesus preach? Same message. Repent. Get right with God. And here is Peter being filled with the Holy Spirit. He also says repent. Turn from your wicked ways. Get right with God and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. So once you have repented, you have to, you know, this is a public proclamation that you've made this decision of repenting of your sins and walking with the Lord Jesus. So he says, be baptized. So baptism is that it's a public proclamation of our decision. So he says, be baptized. Be baptized in what name so that they don't get confused, you know, about the baptism of John the Baptist. He says be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins. And what else? In addition to that, there is a beautiful promise that you will receive, which they had just received the baptism in the Holy Spirit. So he says you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. Verse 39, for the promise is to you and to your children and to all who are afar off as many as the Lord our God will call. This particular verse here, 39, gives incredible hope to us. Why? Because in the early church, which is, you know, what is being formed in Acts chapter two. So many people like to title at chapter two as the birth of the early church. Okay, so the church is being birthed here and Peter is telling the believers that you will receive the promise of the Holy Spirit. But it's the great news in this is that this promise will not stop just with you. You will receive it, but who else will receive it? The promise is to you and to your children. So their descendants, their generations who believe will also receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. And who else says and to all who are afar off, which includes you and I. So it includes our generation today. And that is what Peter was saying 2000 years ago. He was saying that everyone who believes repent, be baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ for the remission of your sins. And you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. So we shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. And anyone who believes, you know, even after we have believed, we go and proclaim the gospel, people turn to the Lord. Everyone who believes has this portion to receive. What is it? The gift of the Holy Spirit. And it says as many as the Lord our God will call. So the promise is very valid for all of us today. So I just want to pause any thoughts, any questions right now about Peter's message, the parts of Peter's message, the response of the people. Okay, so a very powerful sermon over there. And I wish, you know, we could have witnessed it. But thank God, you know, the Holy Spirit has recorded this beautiful sermon for us. Now, let's continue verse 40. It says, and with many other words, he testified and exalted them saying, be saved from this perverse generation. So it simply tells us that what we have read so far, what Luke has recorded so far, it's a shortened version of Peter's sermon. Would he have included other passages, other explanations? Maybe he would have done that. But whatever was necessary has been put out here by Luke for us. So in all these ways, what did Peter do? He testified, he exorted. Exaltation is like gently, you know, encouraging, nudging people. That's what it is to do the right thing. So he was testifying, he was exerting them to be saved, to follow God to, in other words, be born again. In verse 41, it says then, those who gladly received his word were baptized and that day about 3,000 souls were added to them. It's nothing less than miraculous.  And in those days, you know, I'm sure they probably had, you know, good oratory style and all those skills to be able to communicate their message to the audience. But they did not have had the aid that we have today, you know, we have technology, we have PowerPoint, we have, you know, talk about it, any kind audio visual aid, everything that we have. But what made the message of Peter so effective? The anointing of the Holy Spirit. So it was a very effective message, response, people were convicted and what else happens? They were told that they gladly received his word and those who received where what baptized on the same day, how many of them 3,000 souls were added to them? If we see something like this, you know, we would be amazed. Things like this, we would only expect, okay, the crusade or in some sort of revival meeting with 3,000 people have accepted Christ and they are baptized on the same day. So sometimes the book of Acts, you know, is referred to as the revival in the early church, because you see the wonderful things that are happening here.  So 3,000 people being saved, 3,000 being people being baptized. What about those 120 people who were baptized in the Holy Spirit? They would all have instantly become volunteers because there is no option now. Peter preached the message and, you know, you have people who have accepted the message and they need baptism. We don't know how many of them actually helped in baptizing these people in the nearby water bodies. All we know is that in one day so much of work had been done, 3,000 people had been baptized. So the 120 people would have been so busy, you know, getting all this done. What a mighty revival that broke into the early church. So this is how the birth of the church started. You will not see the term church anywhere right now. Neither will you see the term Christians. So this is the formation of the early church and the people of God that is taking place in Acts chapter 2. So now 3,000 people have been baptized. What happens next? Verse 42. And they continued steadfastly in the apostles doctrine and fellowship in the breaking of bread and in prayer. So what should we do when people are born again when there are new believers in Christ Jesus? Do we just praise God about it, make a report about it and then forget about it? No, that's not how the apostles and the initial volunteers in the church did ministry. What did they do? They made sure that these people continue strong in God. So when people are born again through our ministry, we shouldn't let them, you know, just go be happy, you're now born again. It's all wonderful. No, we don't do that. Instead, we see how we can invest in their lives so that they can continue how steadfastly or in a firm way, in an anchored way, in a strong way, they can continue in God. So what are some of the things that help people continue in God? This is not, you know, a complete list, but of course it is a good list nonetheless. We see that they continued in the apostles doctrine. So doctrine or the word of God is very important to help people continue firmly in Him. So what is apostles doctrine? Apostles doctrine is the truth which the apostles proclaimed. What would they have proclaimed? They would have proclaimed the scriptures that Jesus honored. Now we know that Jesus was committed to the scriptures of the Old Testament, you know, the Jewish people at that time, the Torah. So different things that Jesus honored, those scriptures, the apostles honored, obviously. So they would have taught from that. But in addition to the scriptures that Jesus honored, they would also have taught the teachings of Jesus. So that makes up apostles doctrine. So that is what they would have taught to these early believers. So see, it's very simple. You know, in the Great Commission, what did Jesus say? Go make disciples of all nations. Yes, baptizing them in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. But also what teaching them to observe, isn't it? So whatever you have been taught, you teach it to the others and that is what they were doing. So they taught them everything they knew, which is termed here as the apostles doctrine. So that is one. Second, second is fellowship, fellowship. So for the people to remain strong, gathering together was necessary. Gathering together, coming together, associating community. Do we have different terms for this? That was important. So they encouraged the fellowship of the believers and that also kept them strong in God. Next, in the breaking of bread. Breaking of bread is what? Communion. They saw Jesus do that in the supper and they follow the same thing. Why? Because Jesus said, do this in remembrance of me. So what were they actually accomplishing by breaking the bread? They were remembering the sacrifice of Jesus. So the community of the believers should never forget the sacrifice of Jesus. That is why communion was instituted and communion is something that the early church is practicing. And you see that here. Then what else? In prayers. So these were some basics that the first set of believers were trained in the apostles doctrine, fellowship, breaking of bread and in prayers. So in this manner, they were kept strong in the work of God and encouraged in the Lord. So what are we seeing? We're seeing, okay, people are saved. 3000 people are saved and the church is now being, you know, the way we understand the church is being built up. The people are being built up. Who is the church? The people. So the people are being built up and strengthened was 43. Then fear came upon every soul and many wonders and signs were done through the apostles. So what else is happening? You see that the gathering of believers, the community of believers is being recognized as, you know, blessed by God. So what's happening? Fear came upon every soul. So that is a respect. There is an honor which people have towards the people of God, the apostles and also the breaking out of the supernatural. And that's why I said, you know, the book of Acts, it's revival, revival which broke out after the ascension of the Lord Jesus and after the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. So when these, you know, supernatural things started happening, verse 44 says, Now all who believed were together and had all things in common and was 45 and sold their possessions and goods and divided them among all as anyone had need. So the community was a strong and strong and a welded community. In this case, we see that it was also a giving community, a sharing community, a loving community. They were taking care of each other to the extent that they even sold their possessions and goods and divided them among all as anyone had needs. So why is this taking place? Because please understand that during the festival of Pentecost, people devout brethren had come from other regions around Jerusalem. And once they heard the message of the Lord Jesus, it is possible that some of them did not go back. So they decided to stay on with the apostles. They did not have work there, jobs there. So while there were people who were well settled in Jerusalem, there must have also been people who had nothing to continue in Jerusalem. And which is why this whole hospitality and sharing aspect comes into the community of believers. So we don't see this everywhere. And for us to apply it or impose it on every believing community and say, No, you have to give to the extent that you sell your possessions would not be right. It won't be applicable. This was because of the circumstances that the early church was in at that time that people even had to meet others needs by selling their own things. So this is how the early church is growing. And we will see more in the next session. We'll take a break for now. If you have any questions, please hold on to them or you could post it on the chat. We'll come back. You can answer those questions and continue. So let's go for a break and we'll see each other in 10 minutes. Thank you.


Hi, I'm Hannah Corman, a graduate from a master's program in earth sciences at Stanford University, and I'd like to talk to you about what the word organic really means. You know, it's hard to be a consumer these days because there are so many terms in the grocery store, all-natural, multigrain, and some of these don't really mean much. But organic means something very specific. It's a term that's defined and certified by the government through the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Now the term organic doesn't always mean that a food is healthy, especially if the food is highly processed. Just because a cookie is organic, it doesn't mean it's any better for us. But let's take a minute to look at what organic does mean. For fruits and vegetables, organic means there are no synthetic pesticides or fertilizers, no genetically engineered crops, and no sewage sludge used in the production. Now pesticides and fertilizers are used to help us grow large amounts of food, but they have serious environmental and health impacts. Fertilizers and pesticides are made from fossil fuels and using them adds greenhouse gases to the environment and increases global warming. And even though we think of extra nutrients as a good thing, overusing fertilizers pollutes our waterways and harms fish and other marine life. Overusing pesticides can also be harmful by producing super bugs or pests who could survive any amount of pesticide killer that you use. For meat and milk, there's another important reason to buy organic because organic meat and milk come from animals that didn't receive any unnecessary antibiotics or growth hormones. The amount of antibiotics we use on livestock today can create antibiotic resistant bacteria that can make humans really sick in ways that we can't treat. Growth hormones are allowed in the U.S., but are banned in the European Union, Canada, and other countries. And lastly, farm workers who are regularly exposed to pesticides can face big health threats, including poisoning, cancer, birth defects, and learning disabilities. Now this is not meant to scare you away from fruits and vegetables. It's just to say that if you can afford it and if you can find it, you may want to choose organic for any one of these reasons. There will be no pesticide residues and you'll help save the planet too.


In the previous module, we said that conventions are supported by ideology. Now let's see what ideology is and how gender ideology is developed. In this module, this would be our focus. First, ideology. Ideology is our belief about what is real or what is true. Or what is made true for us. In the previous modules, I defined it in Marxist sense of the term that ideology is our false consciousness. Things are made real or true for us without knowing that they are really true or false. It provides, ideology provides rational to our ways of life. Why we are following certain style of life, certain ideas about life, certain ideas about our social categories. The justification for all these things is provided by our ideology. Ideology helps us to assess or to give meaning to actions of people around us. We first of all understand our life according to ideology. And secondly, we also understand other's life, their behaviors, their actions according to our ideology. Gender ideology now coming to this. We apply this concept of ideology to gender that is our immediate focus in this course. Gender ideology means the beliefs about gender that justify gender based allocations. That supports what are these allocations. We are calling them gender order. Gender order is a system of allocations. And what do we mean by allocations? Let's see that. This system of allocation actually assigns rights and duties, assigns freedoms and limits to different sexes to males and females. This is called gender order. Now gender ideologies which support gender order, which support what kind of allocations are given to men and women. This gender ideology may differ from society to society. Nature of male and female may be perceived differently. And what is justice? This varies from society to society. What is natural? And what is natural means? What we accept without any kind of rationale or explanation? It can also vary from society to society. Then what is difference, gender difference? How we define, how we understand difference? It is given. It is essential. It is justified. Or difference creates inequality and it is unjustified. Again, different interpretations. Or sometimes people think that difference is manufactured. It is something artificial that is fabricated, that is consciously fabricated by vested interests, by particular groups of society. Why? To support hierarchies in society. To support hierarchies means something is higher and something is lower. Someone is powerful and someone is powerless or less powerful. To support such hierarchies, we need a system of difference. For some, some scholars think that gender order is divine. It is God-given. It is something morally imposed by religion. So they try to make it something sacred. And some people think that difference is part of our convention. So we see that gender order is supported by different gender ideals. To conclude this talk about gender ideology, we see that gender ideology gives rationale to gender order or male-female dichotomy. Because when we talk about gender order, actually we are talking about male-female difference and this difference is also known as dichotomy.


You might say Air Station Iwakuni's harbor operations are hidden, but just because they aren't in plain sight doesn't make the service members' jobs any less important. Day-to-day operations for us is basically security response and facility response. We basically are in charge of securing the side of the base and if any oil falls in the water, we're supposed to take care of it. This is called a boom. If fuel spills into the water, the boom is immediately put into the water to prevent it from spreading. The safety of the base is our number one priority and even though we're way out here, sometimes forgotten we don't stop working, we're here 24-7 and we never stop. Another part of their job is making sure no unauthorized boats enter the harbor. These service members constantly work to keep Air Station Iwakuni's harbor fuel-free and safe. Lance Corporal Haley Foray, Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Japan.


Brilliant's Audio presents Nine Pints, A Journey Through the Money, Medicine and Mysteries of Blood, by Rose George, performed by Karen Cass. My pint. There is a TV, but I watch my blood. It travels from a needle stuck in the crook of my right elbow, the arm with better veins, into a tube, down into the clear bag that is being hugged by a cradle that rocks then jerks, agitating its contents, stopping the clotting. Rock and wiggle. Rock then wiggle. I'm giving away almost a pint, and it feels like it always does, soothing and calming. I watch the bag fill with this red rich liquid, which amounts to 13% of my blood supply. I'm comforted to know that nine pints, eight now of this stuff, is moving around my body at any time at two to three miles per hour, taking oxygen to my organs and tissues, removing carbon dioxide, keeping my heart going, keeping me going. People have different rates of flow, so the machine beeps with alarm when the output is too low. Today, mine has been acceptable. Once my veins were judged too small, and I was turned away by the National Health Service, Blood and Transplant, NHSBT, and I was insulted, as if the rejection were moral, not medical. For a material that has been studied for thousands of years, blood still manages to run from rationality, even at walking pace. Donating doesn't take long. I'm done in ten minutes. Female, apos, time bled, 11am. Now I'm due to get thanked. Gratitude is the main theme here. The Wi-Fi password is THANK YOU. This is the main donor centre in Leeds, my hometown, and a city of three-quarters of a million people. A bright, well-staffed place on one of the biggest shopping streets. Over the road at Red Hot Restaurant, you can buy all you can eat from any cuisine in the world, all at once. One hundred dishes. Here you can lie back and do not much, though clenching your buttocks helps keep your blood moving and help three people all at once. Give blood. And your donation can be separated by NHSBT, the public health agency that operates blood and organ transplant in England and Wales, into several life-saving, life-enhancing gifts. By GIFTS, they mean components such as red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and other use- Sample complete. Ready to continue?