Tryna go natural. Welcome back to my channel. Welcome to the singular future of the year Should I say duplicate this year because I'm gonna do a black Friday whole part one and part two this year Not because I got too much stuff. I hope you never know until you get it all But because of that whole USPS delay if you're at school I decided to just go on what I have because I do have some great stuff And I'm pretty sure I can get excited about these as well summary. I got an assi I got Curse Diamonds tier. I got main crush. I got Curse and potions And of course, I got honey's handmade everything I bought was like 40 to 50 percent off So anything you're thinking about getting you can probably catch next year 40 to 50 percent off I think honey's handmade may have been more than that off. All right, so let's get started So first of all, I got main crush. I was really happy to get it just because I like to support businesses I haven't tried before and I didn't really see any this year where the products the ingredients the prices and everything We're just right so I was super excited when main crush came out to be that person for me and to have just a great sale And similarly for kills dynasty So I did have my eye on them before black Friday, but they definitely had the sale I've made it with it. I made it possible for me to get it and then In assi cousin potions honey's handmade a restocks and of course curation and she sent it a restocks or new stuff Because it's like different products, but Branson I've tried before Okay, so let's get started again Okay, I got this curly sample shampoo You guys know I've been kind of team shampoo for the last year I'm finally figured out how to get it really working with the shampoo and oil has been looking super great for me So of course what attracted me to pretty much everything here is the ingredients. I'll show you these ingredients The goat milk had me curious Dari for bring on some Ayur verter and then like the rest will clear Okay, I could always do the little clear treatment peppermint. I like peppermint on my scalp So everything was just talking to me. So I'm not sure how much of a Cleanser it will be but the clay makes me sure it's gonna be at least co-wash level Excitement to try this Especially like doing this and then going into a wash and go I'm kind of excited to see where that will take me the Cosmical eternity conditioner. The names are kind of cute I do see the green tea. I do see the chebe I do see the Matthew. I'm liking the ingredients of this brand. These are the ingredients So we'll see what it does that I'm expecting good things. I'm a little bit nervous I'm hoping I'm thinking it will get us through and we'll see next. I have the crisis control even which is great Cuz you know me Half of my watches these days it's trying on new products. I'm having a crisis and this can control it. Yeah Yeah, not a great cuz sometimes your de-conditioners go south and you really need a leave-in to take you back So yeah, the name is soothing me right now. So again, the chebe this time It has Irish moth which is like yeah, hello slip marshmallow. Yeah, hello slip the high biscuits if I need to name I like that you're better in this brand excited to be trying it out So look out for this wash day I'm getting high finishing off the main crush with kiltini. I like the name of this Not like I'm a big drinker anything but I like the idea I like the concept, but I think I can hang and this makes me feel like I'm hanging so I like it It just looks like a kind of basic light-hole gel. So you see where it takes me again It has aloe vera gel has a flax seed gel So I'm thinking we're gonna be at least somewhat safe just with that flax seed gel there And I love that it has a marshmallow rich and slippery elm as well. I do like her formulations for the most part Medium foam hole. I like I like So next we have the curse dynasty and this is what I have been looking at kind of throughout the year But I was like don't pay full price to fabulous girl wait for black Friday and they bought the sale everything looked out happily ever after Yay, so the shampoo just looks so interesting again team shampoo this year The shampoo looks super interesting Cocoa mint moisture with shampoo. So you want to bring me cocoa and mint in a shampoo? Yes, okay. Yes, so it has like aloe vera juice star fruit extract. Okay. Okay. I wonder she Caribbean There has like some other fruit extracts pineapple fruit pomegranate seed extract cover like what in a shampoo? And then it has like all these oils and stuff. So I'm hoping at least maybe one of the oils is Saponified I don't see any like cocoa protein or sulfate.  So I'm super excited to try this. This is like one of the main reasons I actually got the brand I have the pumpkin mint deep treatment And I like that she keeps the mint going because I do like a good mint wash day and I think I'm with a mint wash day My scalp is super happy about it. So this one does actually have some hydrolyzed protein But it also has lots of like moisturizer ingredients as well some cinnamon back and that met And I like to train like when I'm making my classy gel. I like to train. I like to train I'm not saying I could have been right now. I don't know why but yeah, that's bear with me But I like to train my little nutmeg. I'm a little cinnamon and all kind of things So I'm glad to see like I'm not the only one doing that and I'll be interested to see the scent of this Because I was thinking when I do finally decide to sell my gel Is that wouldn't be like too much scent wise if I'm throwing in like cinnamon nutmeg and stuff So I'm curious to see the scent of this and if those things are masked or not And then I have to give me slip conditioner I do love the name give me slip. Yes, because y'all know my favorite word. What's my favorite words? Give me more slip could have had more slip. So I'm super excited just by the name of this is making me happy Yeah, you didn't watch that e42 short vistas Y'all know I have to be a little bit because I was living out there for a few years So I'm like, what's my favorite word? Why they gotta say a like shirt everything it was like super fabulous, but that's beside the point Okay, so y'all know I don't have much room for self-conditioners in my life But when I'm very looks super interesting or like I really just I'm curious I usually just get it and if anything I would use it either as a Co-wash or maybe kind of condition or use it as a leave-in I'm liking that she likes fruit extracts. I like that you like fruit extracts, boo Me and you can be friends. I hope I love this line. This line is looking good So I'm super excited. So if anybody has tried any of these things Definitely let me know because y'all can tell I'm hyped. I'm super hyped. Like I want to try everything right now Basically, that's how I feel like if I could just put all of my hair and just have like this Wash day that just like all the happiness of all the wash days in one like that'll be amazing I'm such a PJ. This is a one day when I can be a proud PJ. Okay. This is the one day when us PJs celebrate So forgive me. He's my he's my he's my Okay, then I have the actual leave-in kala harry interesting name. I do like the branding and stuff You know how I like cute packaging. I'm really feeling the goal on these It kind of making me feel posh Kind of similar ingredients to everything else and I'm excited to try it. I do see Hydrolyzed silk protein which is a moisturizing protein not a strengthening one So then we have the twisted definition twisting cream. I did like it and had ginger extract in there Again great ingredients I have the vanilla cream custard, which is a curly fine cream. So basically I have two creams I'm kind of upset because when I saw custard I was hoping was a gel But it's my own fault. I guess from not reading the fine print another black Friday concern You have to kind of read the fine print, but it does say it's like a strong whole curly finer So I'm not exactly sure where it's going and if it's going to be more Custard and cream cream than custard. There's a lot of wax in here as well as cabbama So we'll see we'll see Has all these wax and stuff on a mild shampoo, but I don't stick to one line If you're the person that sticks to one line Then using stuff with wax and using a mild shampoo Definitely clarify every now and again because I don't think that shampoo can get this stuff out I'm just saying then we have inacy naturals, which is mostly just restocked But I did pick up their clarifying shampoo. Like I said, I was curious I want to know if there's such a thing as a clarifying shampoo that doesn't leave you just your hair just dying Just stripped them crying for life. So I want to try this just because I love them moisturizing or gentle shampoo I want to see what this can do for me soothing men's sulfate free clarifying shampoo And these are the ingredients So it does have some aloe vera juice and essential oils Will that be enough to make it not completely stripping? We'll see and other than that I have like restocks It's a soothing men's sulfate free gentle cleansing shampoo Which you guys know I love and is one of my hg shampoos and the aloe hibiscus leaving which you guys know I love it is one of my hg leave ins So two hgs restocking these are the ingredients of the shampoo And these are the ingredients of the leaving comparing the ingredients of both shampoos They are pretty similar clearly it's like similar formulations But I just tweaked it to make this one a little stronger This one seems to have more aloe vera juice and this one seems to have more different types of surfactants This one has a stronger surfactant, which is the olefin sulfonate. This one has aloe vera juice higher up So I'm expecting and it's kind of hopefully at least still kind of good kind of moisturizing But clarify we'll see I mean I don't really have to talk about this right you guys know I love this I've been loving it and talking about it a lot lately Just light moisturizing defining lots of slip everything you need hyaluronic acid if you please And everything you need in a leaving basically so next we come to kills and potions I did have another oopsie here in that I bought two of the rice waters Definitely be careful when you're buying because what happens to me sometimes is I click out the card And I'm not sure if I didn't click it again, and it's just listed once but the number is two Okay, like oh my god if I don't click buy right now Somebody else going to take my whole order like that kind of black friday mania hysteria But you have to kind of do a final through in your card and just be a little careful She don't end up like me because I'm not even sure if I like rice water oil So to have two is a little bit daunting But I'm going to try one like real soon and then leave this for like months later Because I think my history with rice water was I was using it too often wish me luck on this And if you've used these let me know but I am interested in trying this bamboo and rice water here glass film kills and potions And I do like her ingredients as well I'm basically we'll see what I notice if I notice any difference and stuff like that Here's the potions for me. What interests me they have a lot of rice water They have a lot of chide bamboo and ayurvedic things as well. So Just a little good stuff for your hair if you're looking for power packed ingredients in the brand So tannacles is definitely on that list basket bloomers on that list But I feel like kills and potions just everything is just has a everything is packing basically I got this bamboo and rice water growth and restorative shampoo You guys know I'm going to be trying all the shampoos when there's new shampoos to be tried Basically a great shampoo with a lot of ayurvedic ingredients as well as the bamboo and rice water So I haven't tried any of this yet, but that's what I'm expecting My previous experience with kills and potions is a pretty good brand So I'm not expected to be disappointed about any of this her stuff is really well formulated and tends to work as described I've never been in a situation where like, oh my god I can't even finish doing what I'm doing because I'm using kills and potions can't stand about every brand Unfortunately, so that's praise big ups to kills and potions for that Then we have the chibi cleansing wash, which again is interesting It says gentle cleansing clear wash. So I'm expecting it to feel more co-washy in my hair It's packed with pretty much similar ingredients to the shampoo just like lots of good stuff basically And there's deca hookah side in there. So it might even make it up to shampoo levels Has some apple cider vinegar, which I like to see in anything with clear Not necessarily apple cider vinegar, but honey, high risk of something balancing in terms of pH So does seem like a well formulated product I'm pretty good in the shampoo department for next year clearly as you can see We can't just talk about shampoos. We need a little bit of moisture in our lives So here comes this deep moisture potion plum and pumpkin seed oil So it has like the flax seed and aloe vera and honey and stuff for moisture And it has the rice water. Then there's the chibi hydration mask So some chibi and mint collection. So this also looks interesting to me So it has the sugar. I get nectar for moisture Has the chibi marshmallow root coconut milk. Just lots of great ingredients I feel like it was a push and a slap turn because I mean these all these ingredients Just power pack. You can be buying this and making your hair fabulous Or you can be buying something that's not this and like what are you doing, you know In terms of bang for your buck in terms of like strengthening, growing, nourishing Ingredients so above just moisture in terms of those extra special ingredients I think cousin potions is the brand really. Then we have this black girl magic medium hole custard I love trying new gel. I love trying new products on the whole I really can't go crazy on rice water just because you all know the video Me and rice water can't overdo it. So I'm not going to be using cousin potions or like a menstruate But I think every three months or something I can do a little cousin potions wash day And pretty much get a little rice water treatment in so I will try and spread it out But I'm hoping that this does good things for me and last but not least we have honey's handmade You guys I know myself and I'm not going to pretend to be somebody. I'm not so I was like, I'm gonna lose my mind and buy honey's handmade. So sad. So done. Here we are And I can't even say regret it just because it was so much fun. Her sale was great as usual The ingredients looked like fun and I'm looking forward to trying these again So yeah, you'll see it on the video on honey's handmade. Hopefully a positive and happy one Wish me luck. We'll see. So I didn't get any cleansers with honey's handmade just because her cleansers don't really look Cleansing I need like shampoo real shampoo or at least give me some clay at least give me some soap nuts at least give me something Her cleansers didn't really look like cleansers to me. They look more on the coat wash or even conditional levels But if you guys use any of her cleansers, definitely let me know which ones are the real shampoo shampoos Which ones will really cleanse your scalp and everything and what your experience has been with her cleansers Definitely, let me know. I'm here to discover and you guys are just a wealth of information as well So if I'm missing out, let me know for honey's handmade. I tend to stick to Masks and evens and custard, but I'm like even the custard some a little cautious these days Let me just start with the mask. I guess I got the alfalfa and green tea babasu growth enriched hair mask So I always tend to shy away from these like vegetable problems because it's like I'm like a fruit girl, I guess But I was curious. So I was like, okay, let me try some kind of vegetable product and see what it does for me So it has like celery and stuff in there So that's gonna be interesting Agave is there for moisture Green tea, I like green tea in my products. Just like I said, it helps to reduce shedding and stuff I have thick hair so any reduction of shedding is just easier to handling time And I guess same story with the melbus mix greens deep conditioner I was like, let me try these vegetables and see what they do for me This one has like spinach broccoli and kale if you please So again, interesting Interesting Swish me luck on this one. I don't mean to steal like the btms or Sennacherl or what but hopefully it's in there somewhere I do see some mango butter in there so that could maybe do something and hey, maybe spinach has slipped I guess We'll see. We'll see how this works out. It does have some neem as well After that, it's kind of going back to the regular. I got the peppermint deep treatment here mask And I guess I was just in the holiday spirit and I was thinking candy canes and like I hope it smells like candy cane, but I mean you can't really go wrong with a nice hair mask either There's not much to it really besides the peppermint and the honey quart But I'm hoping for the best and I'm hoping that it's like a fun sensory experience basically I feel like I bought a lot but it doesn't look like a lot a lot because remember like I only buy once a year So it's not too bad Anyways, let's keep going the chibi and almond milk cocoa mask She really kind of understates her ingredients. She just I think lists key ingredients as my personal Thought but this is what she has in here the kamu kamu olive and honey karebian coconut deep conditioning mask Which is just like very typical. Okay, like some kind of conditioner. I have honey.  So I think this is for the kid's line or something But like it had nice ingredients. So excuse me. Excuse you. I'm gonna be trying with the kiddies today Like I'm gonna shame to buy kids line stuff and anything in fact his line stuff tends to be better a lot of time I just like the whole like neoparton collection than banana dream leaving just so that it would smell divine So I was like, okay, let me try this something that smells like banana sounds really good right now I actually has banana in it and I know my hair loves plantain. So I figured probably loves banana too So I'm looking forward to trying this. I think it's going to be like really moisturizing and defining and Reduce frizz and all that like I'm expecting good things from this leaving just with the banana Then I got this honey mustard cream leaving I think it's just back to name honey mustard in the shape of the bottle Which was just too cute and just like took me out take my money But I do think it has good ingredients as well Fancy Hawaiian organic kiwia white honey, which is interesting and mustard seed, which is good And then like passion fruit and stuff maybe between the two of these I'll even find a honey's handmade HG leaving you never know. This could be the one this could be the year You have to approach things positively right every year. I'm like, yeah new hgs this year and everything So we'll see and last but not least is yuka mango honey growth thickening here lotion I think I bought like a yuka growth thickening here lotion from her before which was so fine I'm not sure if this is exactly the same or not because she'll have like three or four things in the name Be the same and then the rest be different and you're like, is it the same product? I don't know But the ingredients look nice The texture looks nice and it looks like it'll be a good time. So that was that was like my back Friday whole part one I still have like a lot of products that are not here that I have to review as well So just look out for a lot of great product reviews coming up in 2021 people are saying we scare I'm not scared 2021 is going to be my year. It's going to be your year Happy new year in advance. Although I might say that again a couple times because I do have Another few videos I want to do before the end of the year But I want to tell you guys now. Happy holidays. Happy new year. Love you guys and I'll see you in the next one Thanks for watching. Bye


I'm so sorry. Okay. Hi, everyone. Thank you for joining us and welcome to Open InfraLive. Open InfraLive is an interactive show sharing production case studies, open source demos, industry conversations, and the latest updates from the global open infrastructure community. This show is made possible through the support of our valued members, so thanks again to them. My name is Kristen Barantos and I will be your host for today's show. We are streaming live on YouTube and LinkedIn and we will be sharing questions throughout the show, so feel free to drop them into the comment section and we'll answer as many as we can. Some of the most popular episodes on Open InfraLive are the large-scale OpenStack show where operators of large-scale OpenStack deployments come and discuss operational challenges and solutions. Today, the large-scale OpenStack show is back for an off-steep dive with Thailand's largest OpenStack cloud operator, Nipah Cloud. Joining today's discussion, we have Felix Huthner, Thierry Chourez, Arno Morin, and our Nipah cloud guest, Dr. Chulia Ntek.  Thanks, Christine. I'm very happy to welcome Nipah Cloud to the large-scale show. It's always great to have perspectives from deployers of OpenStack all around the world. I wanted to start off with, could you give us a quick introduction about yourself, your organization, and your OpenStack deployment? Hi. Thank you for inviting us to this episode here. My name is Abhisak Chulia. I'm a CEO and I'm with Thierry Chansin, he's a chief innovation officer of our Nipah cloud here. Just to give you a quick introduction, Nipah established in 1996. Now we have about 170 employees with three availability sites, and we have 24Y7, 80C. As you can see, we are partnered with Julliper and AMD Epic, and then the next one, please. Next slide. Here's our brief product. We have a public cloud, we call it Nipah Cloud Space, and we have a hybrid-an-age cloud, which is we name the Saivage, the one that, the reason we call hybrid, because our private cloud, this version, we can go between public and hybrid, and we can set it at any age we want. And then the third product is about the object storage. Okay. Next one, please. Okay. Here's the topology of our cloud here. As you can see that we have the core site, which is our BKK, is site number one, and then known site is number two, and then number three. We're going to set it up by the first quarter of next year, which is site number three. But the one on the edge is the KKN. This is the setting around Thailand. So we have a full site around Thailand, and what we have done is we've put in the fabric networking on top of all this. So we have, using the topology of a spine leaf, and we have about 400 gigabit per sec of the backbone, okay. So with all this, the whole thing is our open stack, and then self-startage, and we add on the fabric networking on top of that. Great introduction shows how central the network interconnect between your sites is important to your deployment. Could you give us a bit more details on the components of open stack that you're using? Like I suspect you're using Nova and Neutron, but which other components have you been deploying in your open stack deployment? Okay. We are using KVMS, the hypervisor of Nova, and safe storage for cinder, volume, and object storage. And low balancer, we are using as well with Octovir backend. And the last one is the tungsten fabric. We are used in state of Neutron, yeah. So Neutron, basically, we use it as a proxy. So your core component for networking is the tungsten fabric, right? Yes. Okay. You said in the previous slides, you were building your network fabric on top of open stack. You mean the building in our work order? No, no, I'm saying when I say on top, I mean, a network is covered with the fabric networking, it's just covered all the locations. That's what I meant by on top. Okay, but you, oh, sorry. So your open stack is using this fabric that you have as a core network infrastructure in your data centers, right? It's something like that. Yeah, we implement the new network. Okay, we use the VXLAN, VGP, VPN, right? Yeah, when you said on the each side, it is our empty zone. When you said deploy the application on each zone, they can connect the private network with our fabric networking. And always configure the physical equipment of your fabric. Is it done by open stack or do you have any other external SDN controller or something like this? Oh, no. We have a two-layer, the underlay layer networking. We are using the EVP and VXLAN for the LeapSpy and PR, the MP, VGP between each side for the underlay networking and for the overlay networking, we use a tungsten fabric. The tungsten fabric can connect the router and share BGP route. Okay, so the physical equipments are already configured by your network team with the EVP and stuff like this and open stack is running on top of this network infrastructure, right? Yes, of course. Makes sense, makes sense. And are you then running one large open stack across all these environments? Or is it like individual open stack, one large, okay? Yeah, one large one. It's only one region, right? Yes, correct. So I imagine the region is quite big. Are you willing to share numbers or how many computers do you have or stuff like this? Yeah, we have it. We prepared on the next question. You want to go back to, or you want me to talk about it now? Yeah, okay, all right. We can mention about current scale of our open stack. Right now we have about 2,000 DM for the new one, okay, just one year that we start. And we have about 40 compute nodes and 18 SEP nodes, okay? And in the SEP node, we have NVMe about 300 terabyte usage, okay, and the spinning drive that we do for the object storage has a two petabyte usage, usable, usable, okay? On two side, okay? One on the BK, one and the other one on B, on a known temporary. So two side, one petabyte for each side, usable. You said you were using SEP as well for object storage, right? Yeah, yes. So you're not relying on Swift at all? Do you deploy Swift or it's not part of your open stack? No, we didn't use Swift because we don't want to maintain the storage with Swift. Because we are not experienced with Swift when we are going to code production. Okay. And you share which versions you're... Go ahead, Felix. You mentioned that this is the new environment, if I got that correctly. Is there also an open stack cluster that you're running in parallel? No, before, let me give you a history. Maybe first one, our first open stack, okay? And it's under Okada. And we use the open V switch, right? OVN, right? And then at the time, that's the old one. And we learn a lot from that one. I present those experience at the Vancouver already. And from that one, we know that there's some problem with the first one. So this is Nipakow space, we call this one. This is the second one that we can deploy in a way that we can expand to many locations. So does it mean the previous one is completely shut down now or are you still managing it? No, no, no, still use it. Okay, it's still working okay, but there's some problem with the auto backup or some scaling when you scale it. If you scale beyond some number of VMs, then there's some problem happening. We don't want to upgrade it. And we just want to rebuild a new one with a new Fabric networking. So the previous one is running open stack Okada, right? Which version are you running on the new one? Victoria and Yoka. The current one. Yeah. We start with Victoria and then we add some component of Yoka into it. Okay. Do you plan to upgrade your previous Okada to the new architecture or what's your strategy with your Okada region? Are you going to upgrade it or maybe it's gonna die by itself because it's too old? No, no, we usually, we like to upgrade it every two years to the new release, a major upgrade. But the minor one is security fix. We're gonna do it every three months. Like AMD Zenbreed, that showed in a few months ago, our operation team needs to upgrade the operating system and CPU microcode for their security. Yeah. This is for the minor security update. Minor update, yes. We need to do that. Okay. So we plan to upgrade this big Victoria and Yoka to the new one, Antelope. When was that? Next? Next year in quarter two. Quarter two, yeah. Yeah, we need to simulate the production cluster to our staging cluster and test for the impact of our customer. Yeah, maybe for video then. Mm-hmm. Do you already have your, sorry, Felix, go on. If you didn't have such security things, what do you do to like, to maintain these hosts? Do you like, make them empty by live migration or do you have alternative? Yeah, on our maintenance, we need to live vacation the VM in computer to another one. Yeah, and upgrade it. Yeah, when we maintenance, we have to follow strictly because we have ISO and CSA star change management. Okay, so every time we're gonna do maintenance, we're gonna follow those standards. Just want to let you know first and then the reason when you do those kind of maintenance and upgrade, you have to analyze the risk and impact on change over the real committee. And it may have impact on our SLA, so we gotta do that. So we have to notify our customer as well. So all these things we gotta do some live migration. Once one we got all these done, we do live migration. And then we do the maintenance. Yes. So we got a question from the audience and they ask, are you using Keystone Federation between OpenStack clusters? No, we are not using Keystone Federation. Yeah, I'll be the Keystone tool on three side, the main side. Yeah. Just the core side. Yeah. So you have two running Keystone, one for the Octavia Regents and one for the yoga and Victoria Regents. We have only one regent. Yeah, this is what you see on the topology that we show before. It's all one regent, but it's all availability soil. Is that one? Is that two? Is that two? So you have one AZ running Oketa? No. This is a new one. This is a Nikonipa cloud space. So it's a one regent, but with many availability zones. And the whole thing is all under your cup. Okay. Your cup. Okay. Can you share a little what your customers are using your cloud for? Is that something you know about or is that something that basically it's customer workload and you don't have too much insight into that? Which one is that? Can you repeat your question? Do you have like interesting or unexpected use cases from your customers? Do you know what your customers are running or using the Nikonipa cloud for? Yeah. You know, we have many use cases when we implement on Centrapec. One thing that we get is that we have many location and no matter where which location you're in, we have private network that link together. And that's kind of make it easier for them to deploy application on both sides or as many sites as we have. And that's the beauty of it. So we not only doing that, but we now have a chair and dedicated core flavor. So the user can use on variety of application that's suitable for their needs. So if you want to scale, you can resize within that instant. So this is our self-service. That's the case. We have variety really. Once we open up the horizon for them, you're gonna see a lot of application coming in. The other one, the good use case is in Thailand. I don't know somewhere else, but a lot of migrate, first-cloud migration from on-prem to cloud. Many send us the hardest to us, to our data center and our genius support them by converting to image, VMDK to Q-Cloud to run on OpenStack. Those are the use case that I think we have to our Thai customers. Okay, so maybe just taking a step back at the history you've said that your organization has been founded in 1996. I suspect you did not start with doing cloud. How did you get to choose OpenStack? How did you discover it? What led you to OpenStack? What's the history there? Okay, that's the history I can explain easily. At the time, we built a data center in here in Thailand. And I think it's in 1996, 97 or something like that. And I think what we want to do at the time, we want to do the set engine and we build it. But later on, Google just come along and we can really fight with them because the set engine for Google is pretty big at the time. So we have to draw back and then we want to sit down and say, well, what can we do with our data center? And that's we know that we should jump on a cloud bandwagon. But how are you going to do that? How are you going to start that? And that's when I discovered OpenStack. So I went to the summit so many times to understand OpenStack until we show that, okay, this is the only one. We don't want to build from scratch. So OpenStack, give us that opportunity to build a car infrastructure of your own, okay? And not only that, we found that OpenStack has a huge community that could support us if you, we have some problem with that. So, but again, in order to make use of it, you gotta put some work done into this OpenStack because it's not easy one, it's a complicated one. So everyone that will use this one, you gotta put some work into it. And as you can see now that really not much choice out there, you know, it's really a good car infrastructure that you can build to compete with hyperscaler and in terms of private car, you can use it to compete with VMware. I think we have no question about that, even though at the beginning we don't know it, but I think now we, I think we can compete with them in both arena, with OpenStack. Nice. So you said you've been involved in OpenStack, you started OpenStack with which version? You said Ocata previously, but maybe you started OpenStack with even another release before? Yeah, we started with a new version in our staging lab and we test and the last time we test one on the campaign Dr. Dr. Yeah, he told me that one. Container? Yeah. Okay, so we do a lot of testing at the time. The key, let me put this this way, the key is that once you jump out all in one and then have the experience of running the whole thing, I think our first Ocata version is really a good one that for us, for our team to learn. Okay? Even though it may not be perfect, but I think even now we can make good money out of the older version still. But it may not give you the SOA 99.99 the one that you like. Okay, any other questions on the history of Nipah Cloud? Felix, do you have any? No, but I think it was the most interesting scenario to start from, to go to OpenStack that we heard. Yeah, it's always good to understand how you're getting to OpenStack and one of the key reasons we started the project is to make sure that that technology would be available all around the world for everyone. And so seeing it used in Thailand to solve your business use cases is really great. I think we have a new question, Kristin. Yes. What deployment slash lifecycle tools are you using? Example, Cola Antibole by Frost, et cetera. Okay, we are using Cola Antibole and we do some customization for support the Townsend Fabric. Okay, so you're using Cola Antibole now on your new cloud? Which tool were you using before? On the old version, we used the OpenStack Antibole on our OpenStack. OpenStack Antibole. You're quite used to Ansible with all of this, okay. Right, and for the storage, we use SEP Antibole for the jewel under the old one. But for the new one, we use Cola Antibole for Victoria and Yorca. And for SEP, we use SEP Antibole under Octopus. And for Townsend Fabric, we use in-house development to deploy. For what? In-house development. For the Townsend Fabric. Okay, Townsend. Townsend. Yeah, okay. Makes sense. Do you then have some additional tooling for, let's say, more operational tasks like just that live migration topic you just mentioned earlier? Is there some additional tooling you're using? Yeah, it's just a script for do the line make agent and we are some monitoring tool for make sure that VM is not going down. Yeah. And actually, we have two names. It's a mess, Metal Adder Service of Ubuntu. Yeah, we are used for the automated installation of hardware. Yeah. Or hardware. Right. And Ansible just used for the script to automate software. And we have another question from the audience. What kind of customizations that you need or that do you need to do for Colance? It's just used for deploy the Townsend V-Router into the Compute Node. Yeah, that's it. Because the Colance one does support to deploy the Townsend Fabric, but our architecture need to deploy that. I think Colance one is really, really good. Yeah, we really try to stick to the Colance.  We also make some change of OpenStand sort code. So we need to build our own image Colance. So what's your process to maintain your downstream change?   We don't want to make the share of the sort code. Yeah, but sometimes we have to do that. We have to keep the update, keep track to the upstream. Yeah, and we use the Kola configuration to patch our sort code when they build. So we have to keep track of that every time we upgrade. Yeah, that's the question behind, how hard is it to keep track of this? Because I know by experience that it could be very painful to maintain downstream change, even if they're even bigger when the changes are easy. And I imagine, for example, that you are deploying text and fabric. So the networking stack is completely different compared to what is usually deployed using Kola. I don't know how much code or how much work it is to maintain that, but if you have to bring back a patch from upstream, is it complex on your side to maintain or? Yeah, but we have to upgrade on every two years when we use the KITDIF for the deep sort code, the change from the Victoria version to the less dead version. And we have to try to deploy on our staging because we use the collines, but it is a Docker image, right? We can use that image, that deployment on our staging and do that on our production. Yeah, it's compact, yeah. Yeah, but we have to try on stage. Yeah, you have to try on staging and make sure everything is working fine and we deploy it on production. And our engineer needs to know every option between the collines, even from the Victoria version to the new version. How do you manage testing your open stack on staging?  Are you relying on the upstream test factories like Dembest or stuff like this? Or do you have custom tests made in your company for this? Testing. Testing, yeah. Yeah, we have many staging customers. We want to use the exactly same configuration of the production on our staging and hardware also, but it is a small size, yeah. Actually, our staging is about two rack, yeah. And we have about four customers in there. Do you then, like, what's your feeling for actually testing these changes in the staging environment? How representative do you feel that to your production environment? I know at least for us that you can test things in the test staging environment, our production is always not 100% the same. Okay, we have some testing tool, like we deployed the testing VM in our staging and he's learned some benchmarking to like a file on a VM and send the metric back to our monitoring system. Yeah, and we have the hardware, like same in the production, yeah. We test it before machine to the production. We have another question from the audience. I'm curious about the way you handle cluster configuration on the admin side. Is it done via CLI by operators or do you have automation in place? First of all, in the admin side, we connect the keystone to the LDAP server, LDAP, yeah. And we rewrite some, customize the policy of Newton, Nova, Cinder, Octavia, yeah, to classify our support team. We use Horizon and CLI also and we have some script and we also have some admin portal to many. Maybe a few words about monitoring. You said something about you have custom monitoring tools on your side. How do you monitor? How do you monitor your OpenStack deployment? You said you have something to monitor the fact that instances are running well, for example. Yeah, we use something to centralize the monitoring, yeah, and we monitor many layer like hardware monitoring, OS monitoring, hypervisor monitoring and OpenStack API. And the latest one that we implement on the first one is about a monitor with show machine help or the VM help by try to call the Kimu Bing from hypervisor to VM, yeah. Because the last time that our production out here is about the safe storage, is make our system stuck in about five minutes, yeah. And we didn't know which VM need to reboot, yeah. That is why I need to implement this monitor. Yeah, talk about the outage. You know, we have some incident on the outage as well and it's about the safe storage. And as you know that our cloud, we use the volume, okay, and then when you build VM, the computer, don't we provide CPU and RAM, right? And then attach volume from the safe storage. So if there's some problem with safe storage as we know, we have some problem with the VM as well. So what happened with the safe storage at the time is we have a hardware problem with the safe storage. I think the root cause is the NIC card. That's not stable. And then because we, it's an OCP 2.0 form factor that causes a problem with the 25 kick NIC card, okay. Create a heat more than it should be. And the heat sink also in the hardware, instead of open up to the airflow, it's just close to the airflow by flipping to the other side. I think it's just a problem with the manufacturer that they did not test it good enough. So we found out it's a problem because the heat is so high. So we fix it by changing from OCP 2.0 to PCI card, okay. And so everything else is coming back, but it just strictly the hardware problem that we found with the outage of our cloud. So the whole safe cluster stopped, right? Because of this? Safe cluster is weird because, how about here, network fact? The problem is the network card and the network card is fapping. So our safe system doesn't know which OAD is alive or not. Yeah. So it's fapping.  It took a while. We went from this, you know, that's once the problem happened, you gotta find out what happened. And luckily that, you know, we have two sides and one side doesn't happen. And you know why it doesn't happen? Because that side, you don't use much. Okay. The side that you use a lot, heavy usage, it's create a lot of heat. So those are the things that we learned and then, so we now replace all the NIC card, OCP 2.0, with the PCI card here. Go ahead. That also seems like one of the things you can't easily find with testing and all. Yeah. Very strange. You mentioned earlier that you upgraded from Victoria to yoga. Did you have some specific procedure for that? Did you use some specific tooling besides color and some specific testing? Yeah. The first reason is Victoria is, among the non, maybe look upon. Oh, Victoria just no support anymore, right? So the component will not be supported. So we gotta move to the yoga, right? Yeah. And the Antelope. Antelope, Antelope, right? The newer one. The Antelope know why I have a feature like a power saving feature. Yeah. On the CV, right? Yeah. Okay, it's a power saving and that's what we like about it. That's why I think it's so give us motivation to upgrade to the Antelope. And for the doing of the upgrades, you basically rely on color and for that. Basically rely on what? On color and to do the upgrade procedure. Yes, yes. Okay. Ah, sorry, Kristin. No, you're good. Sorry. We have another question. One of the pain points that Ashish finds in Cola Ansible was to manage the inventory and to reflect in its correct state. How do you manage failed hardware or one in maintenance mode in inventory? Is this a complex? In our system, we didn't use one Cola Ansible. We redefined the two layer of our cluster. The first one is a global infrastructure. Yeah, the global infrastructure use one Cola configuration and manage it. And we split some controller and compute node. My team call is the edge deployment. Is this another Cola Ansible configuration? When we have more size, we will duplicate the Cola Ansible configuration for each side. Yeah. I'm not sure is this a question? Is it answer the question? I don't know. I think so. Yeah. So this is the large scale six. So we like to discuss scaling issues. And it's interesting because it's the first time we have, I would say like a deployment that is earlier in the scaling process where you don't have, tens of regions and tens of thousands of nodes. So I'm actually interested in learning more about the scaling issues that you have at that stage. My first question would be, are you growing your deployment steadily or is it mostly a fixed size? Are you planning to continue to grow your deployment? And how fast does it grow? Like I mentioned earlier that just this year long, we go to how many VMs in one year? 2000 VM, okay. When we started now, I think the main infrastructure, the core one already set up. All we have to do now is adding compute nodes, adding storage nodes, right? And we use leave and spy so we can expand it, just add leave at spy and then you can just grow. I think this is the beauty of scaling that we have. And same as self storage, right? You just scale by adding a storage node. So I think it's really, we're ready for the scaling and we don't know yet how the time market will accept this one. But I think it's showing a good sign that we are in the early stage. Again, like you understand that we have to compete with the hyperscaler, okay? You have to compete with Huawei, you have to compete with Tencent that come to Thailand market, but with the local cloud, we are the only local cloud here that can provide similar kind of infrastructure and stability to our customer here. And then when it's local and when we expand to the edge with our Tencent framework, I think all these things make it viable for us to grow, to expand. It feels like you're specific. The fact that you have multiple of those regions, like at least this network presence all around at a relatively reasonable scale is very, it's a very big difference between the big cloud providers that will just have one big data center in, I guess, a single place. I think we have a question from the audience. Yes, Braham mentioned, or said that you mentioned that because of some of the scaling issues, you decided to have a new open stack install. Can you tell us a little bit more about what kind of issues? Okay, so let you talk about the old one, right? Okay, the old cluster, we found that there's a network out to a broadcast issue that make underlay network loop on, okay. So I'll take your hand more. So on the general open stack deployment is just outside the relan to install it to tenant to controller, right? And when we scale that relan need to expand to another length, yeah. When our engineer makes something wrong, it's make a network loop in cluster, it's bring our cluster down. That is the problem that we got before. And for the open stack, we got problem about the, when we do the snapshot in Compute Node, it take more memory while snapshot. In Thailand, our customer also need to do like auto backup in every day, yeah. So it means every VM in each hypervisor Compute Node it need to take snapshot at night, yeah. That is make memory full and VMs go down. So that is why we move to a volume, yeah. When it takes snapshot, it make from the safe side. We do have another question. What are the bottlenecks that you find specifically in networking side, especially on the L3 agent side? It is not about L3 agent, but it is about how to scale the Compute Node and install it, right? We have Compute Node and Safe Storage and how to scale the underlay network when Compute need to talk to install it. Yeah, that is the main problem. L3 agent is very good. But the reason why we use the TangStand Fabric because the TangStand Fabric is use a BGP protocol. So we can put some BGP from underlay, sorry, we can put some BGP protocol from overlay to the router and router can control the rules, which direction of network can go. Like we have two already so on, right? And we also have two floating network, yeah. So VM can go into the internet directly on each side. Does TangStand Fabric have such a L3 agent at all? Or is it just then distributed as BGP information everywhere? It's like on the Google Chrome network, it's all L3 agent, yeah. Everything in TangStand Fabric is routing, it's know what can.  You see some problems, there are a lot of problems. When you scaled up your environment now from the start to the computers you have now, did you see any kind of issues because of scaling? Or did it all work extremely smoothly? It's pretty smooth, right? I think it's so far, one, three, we move a lot of things up to the router, right? So instead of doing on a software side, everything up, move up to the router, make it a lot easier. And I don't see any problem right now in all scaling. Like I said, we can scale up as many as we want and then pop up availability zone as we like. I think one of the product that I mentioned earlier is about Cybege. Cybege is the edge cloud that we can set up at on-prem of any of our customer. And they can use the portal that we have in terms of choosing the way you want. We can put logo in there and they can pop up into our public cloud if they have some resource that they need more. And then some feature that in our public cloud that is available, they can also come in and use as well. So I think make it more flexible for us, for our customers as well. Is your edge cloud popping in your whole infrastructure just like a new AZ or is it a different open stack deployment? It's like a new AC. Is that it? Yeah, it feels like you're in a good spot from the scaling perspective because you're not at a stage where we usually encounter a lot of scaling issues. Like Arno or Felix, maybe you can comment on, I would say like the, you know, we usually encounter scaling limits within a given region once we start reaching 500,000 compute nodes, but they should be safe scaling up to that until what would be your expert advice on when they should expect the next scaling issues? Usually in my experience, it mostly depends on the neutral side, but as you're using different neutral drivers than we do, so it could be very different on your side. It really depends on how the networking stack could scale on your data center, but I think you are good to go with at least 500 computes. That's a target, I think you could reach very easily. We hope so. Five minutes. Yeah. It starts fun of the open stack journey. Yeah, you know, we learn a lot from the old cluster, and I think we encountered some problem that we need to solve it, but the whole thing is come from learning on the real stuff on the real situation. You have to take the risk, you know, in terms of moving to the area or something that people don't try before. I think moving up to tungsten and create, give us the opportunity to do that, but at the time when we start, just like when we start open stack, we don't know what's going to happen. If we want to use it as a public cloud, whether it's suitable for that. Okay, so we take a lot of risk, but now we take another risk on tungsten and publics, and I think it pays out nicely. So I know Nova is very easy aware. I imagine Neutron with your tungsten fabric is easy aware as well. What about other services like Glence, Sinder? Are you deploying them? I mean, one Sinder per AZ, or is it global Sinder for the whole region? Sinder or Glence for volume and images? Sinder. Yeah, Sinder. We deployed the Sinder volume for the each region, because we... You use AZ, right? Yeah, you use AZ, yeah. AZ, yeah. Because the Sinder volume needs to do some conversion. Yeah, we want to do the conversion on the each side. Okay, so you have one safe cluster per AZ? Yeah, correct. Okay, and what about images for Glence? Grants, we are using object storage as a backend, and object storage on the safe storage on the two sides. Yeah. So it's the same. You duplicate the images on the two AZs? Two AZ applications. Yeah. But the API itself, Glence API, is above AZs, right? Grants API have three interfaces. The first one, when users connect to the profit, it's like they can connect to two AZs. And when the Sinder volume needs to connect to Grants, it configs to connect directly on the AZ. Yeah. Because when users try to upload the volume to image or convert image to volume, it needs to be on that side. Yeah. I don't want to transfer across side. Okay. Oh, what we have done here, we also documented, and it's on our website. I mean, not a website, a portal site, right? Yeah. So, but we wrote in Thai yet. We have not translated yet. Okay. And then we also talk about it at the Vancouver, right? Oh, no, no. Oh, in Berlin. Yeah. I spoke about this thing at Berlin as well, with a lot of diagram on that one, too. But we will translate our document, you know, in English. Yeah. So besides the issue you had with the OCP cards, did you have any other interesting outage you want to talk about? The D-Dot attack. Yeah. Okay. We got some attack D-Dot. Yeah, we got D-Dot attack. And then what happened to V-Router? V-Router memory is full and all network connectivity of that compute node is go down. And then, I mean, even the one that did not get the attack, right? Also, I have some effect on that one. How you solve it? Oh, okay. All right. So, so what happened is that we, we, you know, working, we are working with our partner like in Purva, right?  So you need to work on, on, on those provided. But, but there's some issue with that. We do a lot of research on, on D-Dot's attack here. And I think with all this in Purva and Redware and Cloudflare, we need to help them to be local as well. Otherwise, if you're going to use always on, all the traffic has to go out of the country and that create a lot of latency. And we don't want that. Okay. So most of the D-Dot's attack come from outside. Okay. So, so these are the things that we're trying to work with the provider that they usually come from abroad. What we need them to be is just have the local presence. So maybe you're going to resolve something, do it here. But, but even attack from outside, you can use your note around the world and then protect us and then send only the good traffic back to Thailand. Okay. Okay. We're close to the end of the show, but I wanted to ask one more question because you, you overall feel like very happy with your, your open stock deployment. And usually on the show we have, we have large scale deployers that are suffering from some, some personal pain point. And so I was, I was wondering if you had one specific pain point, pain point with open stack that you would like to share some specific issue that you always encounter and wish weren't there or some other personal issue that you have with open stack. Okay. Pain point. Oh, okay. I got one. It's about the Octavia load balancer. Yeah. When we deploy the multiple AC, right? The M4A instead need to be on the each AC. Yeah. And in, in Octavia is have the hail monitoring. Yeah. The hail monitoring cannot specify which AC can monitor. So the problem is when the network between AC go down, every M4A VM will be failover. Yeah. That is our problem. So you end up in a failover loop because of the network issue between your AC. No, it's just a link down for the two minutes, three, three minutes and the hail monitor detect the VM down, the M4A down. Okay.  We have some problem with the old cluster. Yeah. That you use open AC, right? So you probably, you found a problem with the LHC. Yeah. So we cannot simulate the, the exactly same from our production to staging for Thetis because LHC, when you deploy it, it's just a Lee install, APT install, YAM install. Yeah. Up there. When, when we move to a Docker container in the Kola instrument, we can like duplicate on the production to staging. Yeah. So make life easy. Yeah. Okay. Okay. I think we, we may have time for one or two other questions before we wrap up Christine. Yeah. Let me see. Um, so somebody asked, how do you design a VPC network with the multi zone model? All right. I mean, one can subnet and one VPC be extended across multiple zones. Uh, first of all, the underlying network of the computer needs to be connect each other. Right. Uh, and the second one is when, when, when we use thanks for being all, all new thrown open. Uh, they have, uh, overlay network like a VX land, right? In constant fabric is used the VX land MPA based over UDP. Yeah. Uh, the private network can connect together. So you just need the underlying network before. Sorry. So I think. Yeah. So it's always because you have your, your, your experience with the VX and you are able to do that. Yes. I know that there's some question that if you don't use fabric, then maybe it is something that you'd have to work around it. That's going to be a little bit hard on it. Well, um, we're almost out of time and I wanted to thank all of our awesome speakers today. Thank you, Dr. Trulia and tech for joining us. And thank you NEPA cloud for being an open and profoundation gold member. And a big thank you to our audience for asking a lot of great questions today during the show. And as a reminder, if you have an idea for a future episode, we want to hear from you. You can submit your ideas at ideas.openinfra.live and maybe we'll see you on a future show. Thanks again to today's guest and we'll see you in the next opening for live. Thank you. Bye. Thank you.


Hello friends, myself Dr. N. S. Kartikar, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Valachandra Institute of Technology, SolarPur. Today we are going to see the presentation on Welding of Plastics Part 5. Learning outcome for this presentation. At the end of this session, student will be able to understand the need and importance of welding of plastics. Welding will be able to apply welding technique in real time. The content for this presentation, the flow will be like this, introduction, need of welding of plastics, classification of plastic welding, infrared welding, one of the type of welding we will discuss in detail. In the introduction, let us see little bit about the plastic material, need of plastic material product, plastic part manufacturing in various categorization, single part and assembly. As we know for designing any particular product or assembly, we required first stage that is selection of material. Whenever we are going to compare one material with the other material, we are going to compare with their optimized properties, positive advantages properties by all means. And plastic material have distinct kind of positive properties like easily moldable, it can be having a bad conductor of electricity, corrosive resistance and so many properties are there. Likewise to take the advantage of the same for the particular designing of the product so that product will be sustained into the respective working condition on environment, many a times plastic material can be used. Plastic part can be manufactured as a singular element or it may be combined together to form an assembly for a particular product assembly. In that case, let us see the need of welding of plastic, likewise to assemble any particular number of plastic elements, we required to join together and that is by the means of welding. Particularly repair and maintenance, packaging, dissimilar material joining, need of the situation are some of the particular needs for welding of plastics. Joining of plastic basically goes with the mechanical joining with the fasteners, adhesive bonding with the particular chemical adhesives and lastly the welding that we are going to see in detail. At this stage of this session, are you able to recall or share some of the applications of welding of plastic joints, which you had used or seen earlier anywhere in real time. Just think about recall and enlist, I think you had written the number of applications where you feel you had seen your experience about the welding of plastic is necessary. Let us go with the classification of plastic welding. Welding process is categorized into the two segments, external heating and internal heating. External heating requires the heat energy and that can be passed with the convection and conduction mode. Whereas, internal heating is goes with the particularly conversion of mechanical energy into the heat energy through the surface friction, some of the examples of external heating, hot tool, hot gas and so on. Whereas, internal heating examples are ultrasonic welding, friction welding, laser welding and RF welding. Let us discuss in detail about the infrared welding. Infrared welding IR welding is a welding technique that uses a non-contact heating method to melt and fuse thermoplastic parts together using the energy from infrared radiation. The process was developed in the late 1900, but due to the high capital cost of IR equipment, the process was not commonly applied in the industry until price dropped in the year 1990s. Infrared welding typically uses a range of wavelengths from 800 to 11,000 nanometer on the electromagnetic spectrum to heat, melt and fuse the interface between two plastic parts. Through the absorption and conversion of IR energy into the heat, laser welding is a similar joining process that applies IR radiation at a single wavelength. Thus, there are many different welding techniques that use IR heating with the three major modes being surface heating through transmission IR welding known as TT IR and IR sticking. A variety of heating configurations have been applied to these techniques such as scanning, continuous illumination and mask welding. IR welding typically uses the wavelengths from 800 to 11,000 nanometers on the electromagnetic spectrum. Wax interact with IR radiation through the reflection transmission and absorption. Incident IR radiation can either be reflected of the surface of the plastic transmitted through the plastic or absorbed into the plastic as other forms of energy including thermal energy. The ratio of these three interactions depends on the wavelength of the IR radiation and the receiving plastics properties. Amorphous plastics are generally optically clear and can transmit almost all incident IR radiation. For this reason, they are commonly used in TT IR. Crystalline plastics can diffuse incident IR radiation between the amorphous and crystalline boundaries, reducing the transmittance and increasing the absorbance of material. The higher the absorptivity, the result is more heat generation for given IR resource. In fraroid welding, additives such as clarifying agents can be used, increase a plastics transmittance while dyes and pigments can be used, increase the absorbance of the material. Increasing amount of these additives can decrease the strength of both the material and the weld joint. IR sources Potential IR welding sources includes quartz lamps and ceramic heaters which can generate a wide range of IR wavelengths. Laser welding employs IR sources that operate at a single wavelength such as CO2 lasers, ND-Yag lasers, laser diodes, etc. Quartz lamps produce wavelengths of around 1000 to 5000 nanometers and ceramic heaters produce wavelengths of around 5000 to 10,000 nanometers. IR welding techniques Surface heating It includes heating and melting of the interface between plastic parts with the IR radiation and forcing the parts together into molten joint that solidifies as one part. Through transmission IR welding, it is a joining of IR transparent part to the second part such that the IR radiation travels through the transparent part and heat the surface of the second part. IR wavelengths are generally within 800 to 1050 nanometers. To make a transparent part absorbent to IR radiation, the addition of dyes or colorants such as carbon black can be used. Highly absorbent thermoplastic film can be placed at the joint to receive the IR radiation and melt the interface during welding. IR staking includes the localized welding of thermoplastic stirred from one part into the cavity of non weldable part to form mechanical fasteners. Thus, surface IR radiation can also be used to soften the plastic stirreds and press it into a button shaped forming head force the stirred to deform into the shape of forming head before solidifying. IR system generally rely on one of three surface heating methods scanning continuous illumination and mask welding. In the scanning the particularly for a few seconds the product to be joined to each other is exposed for infrared source for a very few seconds whereas continuous illumination goes with more time. In the mask welding the flow of IR source goes from one end to the other end whereas continuous illumination it is exposed continuously with the IR source. In the third type mask welding the exposed portion is going to be there for which welding is to be there and unexposed portion is masked so that it will not undergone with the IR source. The various material that can be joined together polycarbonate, acrylic, polystyrene and so on. Let us see the one particularly infrared welding process in a five step. You can see that the load rather the jobs are held into the fixtures and in five steps the joining of particular two distinct elements can be done. The IR source is kept in between the two elements to be joined for a few seconds that can be seen in step two melt phase and after specific period of time it can be removed it can be seen in the phase three open phase and further the two elements are pressed one with the other that is known as seal phase, phase number four and after it the particularly product can be offloaded unloaded and it can be seen into the fifth phase. This various advantages are as follows like cost effective in comparison to the laser welding, continuous and easily automated process and so on. Limitations more expensive than the other thermal plastic welding process and applications the medical IV bags are IR welded to achieve minimum flash and particulate generation for smooth and clean fluid flow. So many applications are there which are as follows. Thank you for this particular presentation. Thank you.


That's not going to happen two games in a row. We believe in them. They've carried us all season long. We'll still put their ball in their hands, and we want them to be confident and do what they do and help them. There's other ways. How can we help them get a little bit more open so they can just get comfortable in making some shots, getting to the rim or in Sabrina's case, just getting more wide open threes there. But they're going to be fine. Like I said, it's a series where they took the first punch and now we have to have to respond. Thank you. Quick one, JJ, for you, it looked like in the first quarter, it looked like you tweaked your ankle a little bit. Just when I went into the locker room, just wondering if you got any treatment and how you feeling going into the game. No, I just got a taped up, but I'm feeling good. I'm good. Thank you so much. All right, next two questions. Return to the room. Last row to your left. That's me in the back. Two for me. JJ, what was the key for them slowing you down in the second half? I don't know. I just felt like they crowded the paint really well. They sat off, made us make that extra pass out, and we're willing to just give that up and see how we played it.


As the country continues to move towards more progressive conversation about the role of minorities in historically black institutions and training minorities for a variety of industries, particularly during a time of racial tension, one of the industries in focus is advertising and marketing. Here to talk with us about that today is David Griner. He's an innovation editor at Ed Week and actually advanced the conversation in a hyper speed kind of way recently in recent weeks as he talked about the role of HBCUs and preparing graduates in this particular industry of advertising and marketing. And so we're here today to talk about a little of those elements and a broader spectrum on the role of African Americans, Latinos, Latino X communities in this realm. So David, I really appreciate your time today, man. Oh, it's an honor. I'm really excited for this conversation, but looking forward to it. What motivated you to kind of put out there the conversation in a really honest and frank way about, you know, where are African Americans and minority communities in this industry? And why we got to do a better job of being more inclusive in the industry? I mean, I guess the way I would put it is, you know, like hopefully like a lot of folks over the last year, I've been really looking for ways to help address all these issues that have been going on for so many years. And sadly, until the last year, I think so much of it was remained under the surface and hadn't really been discussed in the way it should be. And I really tried to just take stock of my own role in that. I've been with Adweek in various roles for about 15 years now, and it's the largest marketing publication on the planet. And so, you know, we're blessed with a platform, with a team that values inclusion and DEI across the board. So it's not like there's, it's not like there's any tension internally. It's just a matter of knowing where and how we can, we can help. It's also obviously a personal passion for me. I grew up in Alabama. I still live in Alabama. I've been surrounded by HBCUs my whole life, and they've been such a huge part of every community I've lived in. And so it's always been kind of surreal to me that they're not more of a topic of discussion in the marketing community and in advertising, right? And that's certainly not at all a slide on any programs that are out there. It's just a matter of every industry has its kind of, its paths, its pipelines that feed up and marketing's and advertising, they have them. They have these pipelines and they're, you know, homogenous to say it politely. They're white and affluent to say it more directly. And yeah, I just wanted to know more about the folks that have come up through different paths than the traditional portfolio schools and some of these ways that people get into advertising, which are very expensive and very specific. And I just wanted to learn more about that. So the last few weeks have been having as many conversations as people will make time for me to talk to HBCU grads, faculty, professors. And it's been it's been amazing and just learning so much. And I just really appreciate all the time people have had to have those conversations. What's what's been among the more enlightening elements that you've heard about, particularly from the faculty. And I tell you what the reason why I ask that it's one thing for students to say, I want to be in this industry. And it's another thing for the faculty who are pushing them towards these careers and helping them to network and getting them prepared for the actual applied, you know, science of advertising and marketing. What what have they kind of what kind of feedback have they given you? I'll say something that's been really refreshing with the faculty side is something I don't see much in state schools and in a lot of other schools is they're really working to modernize these programs. A lot of the the mass communications programs that I spoke to people from didn't even exist a few years ago. I mean, this is a evolving, maturing space. And it's it's so great to see that it's so great. And it's it's being driven from the inside. And in a lot of cases, kind of from the bottom up in the sense of I don't think it's necessarily like these high level administrators saying we need to expand these programs. It's the professors and the alumni really pushing these. And so that's been really wonderful to to talk to them about as they know that there's still room for and to be clear. Every school is failing in this regard. My own school, University of Missouri, really was so late to adapt all of its programs from advertising to journalism, which I came up through. And so this is across the board. But I would say the HBCUs are actually better positioned than most to to be more nimble. I think they listen to their faculty a little more consistently than a lot of these state schools and definitely Ivy League. And again, I don't know anything about Ivy League schools. I've had no no exposure to that world, you know, growing up in rural Alabama, then going up, you know, through Missouri. But but, you know, I I think in summary, there's a lot of will to do it. There's a lot of concern that the schools are not communicating with each other enough to consolidate their resources and their planning. And there's also concerns that the alumni networks aren't being activated in a really kind of strategic way where it's like everyone's everyone supports each other because they want to because they believe in each other as alumni and students. But there's there again, I mean, coming in as an outsider, there does not seem to be a lot of programs to really help make that happen. Do you think that that's something that the industry should take a more active role in trying to change within the academic enterprise? So we see in STEM a lot, for example, they'll invest in academic infrastructure and scholarships and faculty fellowships to try to make for a better graduate. You see what a building a computer, right? Do you think that that the ad industry should do that? Yeah, 100 percent. I mean, to see the announcement coming out of Apple what just a few days ago, right? That's what a hundred million dollar project on top of a hundred million dollar commitment they had already made before that. And, you know, I think the brands, the companies have really been driving that those initiatives in the tech space to your point in STEM. And I am certainly not saying that there's nothing out there like that for marketing and advertising. I just have not stumbled across much of it yet. And every time I ask people, are there programs? Because, you know, without getting into too much detail, this is something I'm really willing to put in the work for. Like I'm willing to whatever whatever role I can play in helping to resolve that. I know a ton of recruiters in advertising and marketing. They are passionate about diversity. And so like the appetites there, right? We just need better systems in place to really, again, a wider pipeline, a more innovative pipeline that brings people up through non-traditional background, traditional here being like the same advertising schools over and over where people have to work unsustainable wages or make tremendous sacrifices just to get the schooling they need and accumulate tons of debt. No one should have to enter. You know, no one should have to go through that to enter any industry, much less advertising. You're not going to make a ton of money. So it's it's one where you shouldn't be. It's not like being a doctor, right? Like you can't pay off that debt in any sort of really timely way. So, yeah, I think I think the I don't have a lot of optimism. The agencies will play a big role in solving that. Agencies are notoriously cash poor compared to consultancies and these kind of huge companies and their clients. That said, I hope they will because they're they certainly have the jobs. They certainly have the interest and they have the pressure coming from inside and outside to diversify both at the lower staffing levels and in the leadership levels. So, yeah, I mean, I think they I don't think it's a to, you know, to summarize my rambling. I don't think it's something that the HBCU should have to solve, right? I think the employer should be should be beating down their door wanting to help solve this because they see all the benefits of this talent pipeline and of all this talent that's out there that they are not listening to and thinking of. Do you think there's any real pressure for that? And the reason I lead in that direction is because we see often companies get it so wrong in terms of messaging and creative that that is designed to speak to diversity or diverse audiences and it's offensive or at the very least it misses the mark of what was intended. But what's the what's the true penalty?  I mean, so what's the price that you pay to say, yeah, it's more worthwhile to get more people of color involved in some of this creative development? Yeah, I mean, that's a great point. And I think time and again, we've seen you know, these conversations flare up, whether it's through through Black Twitter or through mainstream news coverage, you know, we'll see something really go wrong, right, from a brand. And there's a lot of immediate backlash. But then to your point in the long term, I don't think they really do pay much of a penalty and obviously over the past year and and namely after the death of George Floyd and we started to see companies really being held accountable from their own employees. But then so much of that, you know, drifted off and that. And it kind of, again, getting back to the start of this conversation you know, over the last year, I think anyone who has let themselves care less about these issues. And again, I mean, I'm speaking here as a as a white guy, you know, it's like it's on us to to keep the momentum going. We can't expect, you know, it's sorry for the tangent here. Yesterday was Martin Luther King Day and I'm in Birmingham and his letter from Birmingham Jail is as a lot of your listeners know. But but as is misunderstood by my white folks is that it's not a letter to the Klu Klux Klan or to, you know, to bull conners saying quit being racist. It's a letter to white moderates saying quit telling us to get away with this.  And I it's something I have had on my mind so much over the last nine months. And then yesterday, I finally saw people sharing that message because every year people are like, oh, it's a great man. It's a great message. I'm like, no, man, really read it. And so it's something where I think we have to keep that that momentum going. And yeah, I mean, I think there's the momentum there. We just are. I mean, there's the the will there. There's just not the momentum. Yeah, it's funny about that, you know, the what interesting and ironically what is lost in that letter is it was from a jail. Like if you if you really emphasize that boy, he wrote a letter in the jail, then you kind of get to the get to the heart of the issue. And I yeah, it's I will say that every year I read it. I read a letter from Birmingham jail every year on on Martin Luther King Day. And and wow, it just it hits me harder every year. And every year I want it to be less relevant, you know what I mean? Like I wanted to hit me less hard. But again, it is it is a message to it to us wanting very literally to the white moderates to to stop telling people to be patient, right? And for change and justice. So again, sorry for the. No, no, no, no, it's not just for it's not just for an OK day. And I appreciate that. Let's talk about the you touched on this a little bit about the role of agencies because we know that there are some successful minority creative operations out there.  Let's talk about, you know, a particular campaign for Rihanna that we think can target minority customers. Is there something that in this corporate awakening on race where you see that some of these agencies will get the call up to do more? I don't want to say traditional. That's not the right word. But what work that is beyond the scope of let's go get some black and Hispanic folks to buy something. Yeah, I mean, that's my my personal dream, right, is that some of these shops that really build a rip, because it makes sense. If you're going to start an agency right now, like in 2021 or whenever, like, don't try to be the agency that's everything to everybody, right? That's a waste of money. You're competing with people who have hundreds of millions of dollars. But if you create an agency, so you're like, OK, what do I know? You know, I know the folks from my background. I know that folks from my position in the world, I can speak to them. So it makes total sense. Like, I don't ever want anything to sound like I'm diminishing, you know, the importance and the value of those of those kinds of agencies, those kinds of marketing experts. But I think once you prove yourself to your point, you should absolutely be given an even bigger seat at the table every single day. And I take I take some optimism in the fact that a few years ago, I felt like no mainstream marketers had really heard of Burrell communications in Chicago and and, you know, now it's there. They've gotten so much more attention in the last few years. I think the name is well known. You look at a company like Community, which used to be Communidad in Florida, I believe, and they started out as a multicultural agency, and they've expanded way beyond that and they're doing and they did that by saying, well, if we're going to make this ad for your telecom, how about we make go ahead while we're here? We'll record the the white English language version, too. And they made those opportunities happen. And so I think it's happening. And I think we're seeing people like Nate Nichols, who runs Pallet Group, and he also created the Allyship and Action Organization, which I'm a huge fan of Nate's front to back. But I think what he's done, both in tandem of creating Allyship and Action and Pallet Group, his creative agency and and it pallet groups blowing up like that is a an extension of Nate's visibility from creating this entire organization about trying to get more marketers to support DEI initiatives in a more tangible way. And so, you know, we are seeing mainstream kind of growth and success. But in the end, you have just such established agencies and such established channels that I think it's going to be a long time before we start to see a multicultural agency really become a global player. It could happen, but it's a hard road, you know. Do you think that from the educational perspective, at least in encouraging graduates or even undergraduates who are training for this to start their own agencies, or should they look to to borrow kind of a niche with some of these, you know, predominantly white or even minority owned or minority operated firms? What's the best route to make something new or to get into something established and do a new thing for them?  Like I can think of so many people who tried creating something new and it didn't work out because they lack the practical experience that they needed to get the clients to do the work to win the pitches. I worked in advertising for eight years and I feel like I was just barely figuring it out when I left the agency, you know. And so you do, it helps. I'm not going to say you need that, but it helps to have that practical experience before you set off on your own. But at the same time, if you're coming out of school or whatever with a really unique skill set that's highly valuable, man, don't don't. Yeah, don't give it to someone else for, you know, $40,000 a year of your time. Like go go start it, build your business. And I think we've seen examples of both when you're able to make that balance. Not to kind of jump to a slightly different topic, but this is the one I. I don't know. I don't know that none of us have obviously figured out solution for this. But I think the biggest holdup is that you see agencies are willing to hire more diverse town, especially agencies that have I was talking to someone who worked at a PR agency PR agencies are notoriously again at risk of generalizing. It's a lot of white women. OK.  Correct. That's the leadership structure of PR agencies. And it is starting to change. I am certainly not saying that they're not addressing that. But, you know, I was talking to a guy who came up through an HBCU. He went to work at a honestly at almost all of the major PR agencies. And in every single one, he was the only person of color. He's in often case the only man, but of course, being a black man in a situation like that is is its own specific, you know, situation. And everywhere he worked, you know, it was so uncomfortable. Right.  The only person who looks like you, the only person who has come from your background who's in this. And I've talked to so many people who they got the jobs. They ended up at these amazing places and they ended up at multicultural agencies because they just felt so alone and so discriminated against and microaggressions and everything else. We that's the gap we have to I mean, there's several gaps here. Right. But that's the one that really breaks my heart the most. Right. The fact that people are getting in the door. I think a lot about my own mother. She worked for NASA and she was an aerospace engineer in the 60s. She was the only woman in her entire class at Florida State going into aerospace engineering. Right. And she gets to Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama, where I where I grew up and there was something like two or three thousand men for every woman in in that in these technical roles. There were there were three women at the entire space flight center. In technical roles, my mom was one of them. Like, I mean, again, sadly, there are people who can imagine that who are listening to this, you know, but like for me, I I've never been in a situation like that where I'm outnumbered 2000 to one of people who who are come from a background like mine or look like me. And she persevered. And of course, women now make up, you know, a larger percentage of those roles and leadership. But like, how do we get past that and how do we do it without people feeling that their only good option is to escape to agencies where they are better represented already? Like, how do we make headway? And I mean, of course, like it starts from the top of those agencies. They have to be serious about this stuff and not just making token diversity hires and then, you know, again, not to jump around. But the other thing I keep hearing is the phrase set up to fail. Yep. You know, everywhere people go, they lay on a roll and they are not given any leadership training. They're not given any practical training. They're competing with essentially people who have come up through the system. Whatever industry it is, there is a system. And, you know, I benefited from coming up through Missouri, where they really beat into you how to do journalism. And when you land at your first job, you know exactly how to do journalism.  And then you get a job in that agency. You're not going to know how to make ads and nor should you be expected to. And we have to have the training and the will and the understanding that folks coming in from different backgrounds are not going to land and on day one have the skill sets that are that are expected of everyone who came before them. Well, that's such an interesting part because you talked about Black Twitter. You see it on Instagram. The young people, particularly at HBCs, are trendsetters. They're influences in that space. And yet there's not a lot of emphasis on, hey, you want to do that as a career? Hey, you ever thought about, you know, applying this skill to this area? So I do think that there is there has to be a more of a universal view of how you can take clearly obvious talent and say, no, go that way with it or do that with it, you know. So I think that that's that's that's on the industry, but our parts parts on the institutions as well. I would ask you this final question. As a reporter, as someone who's worked in the industry for years, leading voice on what, you know, add trends look like, what kind of predictions do you make considering the title wave of conversation you started? What kind of predictions do you see from the industry in terms of more DNI, more minority inclusion and opportunity going forward in the next maybe the next year or two as we look for a buffer zone between, you know, a really tense time to hopefully, hopefully prayerfully a more solvent time. I mean, this is a this is a safe prediction because it's happened. Sadly, this is what drives pretty much every form of progress when it comes to agencies and to advertising, right? It all begins with the clients, which is the brands, which is the companies that hire these agencies, right? Sadly, I believe that until they change, nothing matters, nothing changes. It's why sexist advertising only started to go away in the last 10 years, right? Like we all knew sexism was wrong 20 years ago when I was starting on this stuff, but we still saw sexist ads. But finally, there's enough women in leadership and marketing where that stuff tends to get shot down a lot faster. There's a lot more sensitivity about certain topics and certain backgrounds. LGBT inclusion and representation has gotten so much better because that community is so much better represented. My point is that we will see a trend continue, which we've already seen, obviously, that these companies will find the best diverse talent in agencies and they will steal them and they will pay them three times as much. And no one should ever feel bad about saying yes to that deal, right? And agencies have a few options for how they respond to that, right? They can either just feel like their best talent is keeps getting poached or they can embrace their role as a pipeline. When your co-worker gets hired by a company and they become your client, like that's the real test of how well you treated that co-worker, right? They're now calling the shots.  And then suddenly they're the client.  It's like, you know, man, have some, just treat people with respect on day one. And yeah, agencies, sadly, I think if I were starting out, if I were coming out of an HBCU and I had a marketing degree and there's a lot more steps to this or just whatever, a relevant degree or relevant background, I would look at agencies. I would actually give agencies a real shot, but I would be prepared for it to be a bit of a rough go. I would really try to milk every drop of practical experience I could get out of it and try to put as much of the garbage in the back of your head. And maybe I'm wrong and you have an amazing experience. But at the very worst, you learn the grind of making marketing, you know, of making ads of how does this work? How does, how do ads get bought and sold? I didn't know any of that when I started in advertising, but you have to know it.  That's that I think is sadly, that's the best case scenario. But to go back to your question of how do how do things get better? Those those brands demand more from their agencies and not through multicultural agencies.  But I want to see I don't want to see you pitching me with an all white male team. I don't want to see you representing us out there like that. When those demands and those pressures increase, that's when we see change because I would love it if everyone was as idealistic and really wanted to see change because they believed in it. But, you know, I don't think I'm breaking it to anybody that that's not how capitalism has been working. And but but capitalism does work in certain other ways. And and I think that there is a path forward this year that's going to see more of those brands demanding more from their agencies.