Hello on this lecture. We'll take a look at a problem that will be very similar to the homework. The numbers will change. The format will remain much the same. We got the two objective objectives here of working these types of problems. One to be learning the accounting concepts, two to be understanding the Excel and learn some basic formulas within Excel. Remember, this is really the place where you're going to get most of your Excel 90% of what you use Excel for here. Then you want to pick up some more tips and tricks within an Excel class to make your Excel sheets more presentable and use some more advanced type of functions. So we're going to do the adjusting process again here. If we take a look at our worksheet, we're saying that our accounting equation assets equal liabilities plus owner's equity is up top. We can see that we have the unadjusted trial balance right there. And that represents assets and green liabilities in orange. And then we have the equity and the income statements, income and all the expense type accounts. This account is blue to distinguish the difference between the cutoff between the balance sheet accounts up top, the income statement accounts below. We are in the adjusting process. So we're going to call this one the unadjusted trial balance. And remember where we are at at this point in time is that the accounting department has now entered all the information for the month or a year. Now as before we close out the year before we create the financial statements, we're going to make any adjustments we need to do as of the cutoff date. So in the adjusting process, the adjusting department, we are now going to make these adjusting entries. Once again, the account department hasn't made any errors necessarily in order for the adjusting department to still need to make adjustments. These are accounts that generally always need to be made adjusted as of the cutoff date, because it's not practical to do it beforehand. So we have the unadjusted trial balance where all the transactions have been entered. We will then make our adjusting entries in this column. Then we will have our adjusted trial balance there. That's the one that we will then use to create the financial statements. So we will take these transactions, these adjustments here, then we'll post those journal entries or record those journal entries right here. Then we will host those journal entries into the adjusting column. We can use this worksheet to do any calculations that may need doing. Remember that the normal rules for journal entries being that there's going to be two accounts for every journal entry and every journal entry is going to have an equal number of debits and credits still applies. For only the adjusting journal entries, we also have the rule that we're generally going to have one balance sheet account above the blue line, not including cash. We're not going to be using cash in the adjusting process for the most part. And we're going to have one income statement account below the blue line. And we already know that the income statement accounts only go up. So if you apply that rule to the adjusting process, then we can often see which way the accounts will be going, debited or credited without knowing much else, then we'll have to analyze the rest of it. So that's where we will start. So we have as of the cutoff date, the end of the time period in this case has been done work has been done for which an invoice has not yet been sent out. The invoice was sent out in the following month, but the work was done before the cutoff date. So what we're saying is as of the cutoff date, the end of the year or the end of the month, the invoice was not sent out. It was sent out next month. So but the work was done this month. Why would that happen? Well, if it was a service company or something like that, then we're going to have to add up the time, make the invoice, send it out. It could well happen that that happened after the cutoff date, after the cutoff date in which the work was done. So that wouldn't generally be a problem for the most part, except that we want to be on a perfect accrual basis as of the cutoff date being the end of the month or the year. So therefore, we're going to pull that invoice back into this time period. So that means that when an invoice is created, what's usually the accounts that will be affected? What will be the balance sheet account up top? Usually it's going to be accounts receivable, unless we did it for cash, but usually it's going to be accounts receivable. So we're going to right click, I'm going to make that green indicated that's one of the account that will be affected. The account below here, what's the account affected when we send out an invoice? Usually revenue, we earned revenue. So I'm going to right click, I'm going to make that green and we can see that the revenue account is an income statement account below the blue line and it generally only goes up. So how do we make revenue go up? Well, it has a credit balance. We're going to make it go up by doing the same thing to it, which in this case is another credit. So I'm going to right click. I'm going to copy that. I'm going to put it on the bottom under A to put it on the bottom because credits generally go on the bottom. Then if the only other account is affected is receivable, I'm going to copy that and I'm going to put it on the top. Now, this entry is one of the ones that are more confusing actually sometimes for the adjusting process because of the fact that this is such a normal journal entry that we do through the accounting process. So once again, the reason why it would be here on the adjusting process is simply a timing difference, meaning the invoice did go out, the accounting department did send the invoice, but they sent it after the cutoff date. So now we're pulling it back in to this timeframe. So what's the amount going to be? It's just going to be the amount of the invoice. In this case, 4,900. So we're going to increase receibles 4,900 and we're going to increase revenue by the 4,900 like so. And then we'll just post this out just as we would if we were creating an invoice. And we're going to go to H6. I'm going to say equals. And then we're going to point to that 49. This is a debit. That's a debit. That's going to make this go up in the debit direction to 36,9. We're now out of balance by the 49. We'll then post the revenue down here. So I'm in cell H16. We're going to say that equals, we can then point to the credit. This is a credit. That's a credit. That's going to make the credits go up in the credit direction, put it back in balance, make net income go up. So net income is going up. That's calculated by the credits minus the debits. Revenue went up. Therefore, net income went up in the credit direction. Next transaction. So I'm going to unhighlight these so we can take a look at the second transaction in the same type of way. We have depreciation expense for the period is 1,100. Now, once again, before we even know what depreciation is, we could just figure out which accounts will be affected and go from there. So what will be the balance sheet account related to depreciation? If we look through it, we see depreciation in this account. So accumulated depreciation might be one that would be affected. If we look on the income statement, what account has depreciation? Well, we see depreciation expense. So it's either an income or expense account. Those are the accounts in the income statement. In this case, it's going to be an expense account. And we know that expense accounts only go one way.  So these are all debit balance accounts because they're expenses, and they're going to go up. How do we make something go up? We do the same thing to it, which in this case would be another debit. So this expense account, I'm going to assume is a debit. So I'm going to put that on top. And if that's the debit, and this is the only other account affected, it must be a credit. So I'm going to copy that. I'm going to put that on the bottom. So once again, we can know what accounts are going to be debited and credited if we can figure out which accounts are going to be affected without even really knowing what's going on. Now let's try to think about what's going on. So what is accumulated depreciation? Accumulated depreciation is going to relate to some type of property planning equipment, in this case, equipment up here. So in this transaction, we can see that the equipment was purchased for $135,300. We purchased it for $135,300. It could be multiple pieces of equipment. $135,300. We purchased it for $135,300. It could be multiple pieces of equipment or one piece of equipment. And what we're going to do with equipment is we're going to put it on the books as an asset, similarly to how we put supplies on the books as an asset. And then we want to expense it as we use it. But unlike supplies where we could count how much we used and we can say, hey, we used this many rings of paper. Therefore, I can see how it went down. Let's just write down the supplies by the amount that has been used. Obviously, a building or like a forklift or something like that, we couldn't just write down because after time has gone by, we know that the forklift went down in value, but we still have one forklift. It's not like we can count the forklift and now we have less than one forklift. So that means that we're going to have to depreciate some other way, some other estimated way. And we'll talk about estimates at a later time. The simplest type of estimate would just be to divide it over the number of years. That's called the straight line method. But whatever method we use, we want to tell a reader two things. We don't want to just write down the equipment account. Because if we did so, then they wouldn't know how much we bought it for. And because it's such an estimate, we want to tell them how much we bought the stuff for and how much we're estimating it to be written down by. Therefore, what we've done here is we've kind of cut the t account in half. So it's like the debit side and then the credit side. So here's the debit side. And here's the credit side. We're end up therefore with a contra asset account, meaning this account is the credit half of the equipment account. Therefore, it's a credit even though it's green. And that means it's an asset. It's an asset with a credit balance. Most assets have debit balances. And that's why it's a contra asset account. So before we post this, we can see that we bought it for this amount minus this amount adds up to 37 350. That's the book value. Now we're going to increase the amount that it's going down by increasing the credit, which will decrease the book value. So that's what's happening here. And then the depreciation is what it represents is the devaluation of the property, plant and equipment. In this case, the equipment, it represents the depreciation, the use of the decline in value, the use of the equipment in the same time period as to help us generate revenue. So we're going to post that here. And they're just going to have to give us the number. So although this is probably the most difficult conceptual adjusting entry we've had so far, it's actually the easiest one to post if you just kind of memorize it because right now we're going to have to give you the number of 1100. And we're going to credit 1100. And then if we post that out, then we can go to depreciation expense down here in cell H 21 equals and point to the debit. That's a debit balance account. That's debit. It's going to bring the debits go up, puts us out of balance, brings net income down. Then we'll go to the accumulated depreciation in H 11. Say that equals the credit. The credit is going to go up in the credit direction. So the contra asset goes up, which brings the book value, which is this minus this down. So the book value went from here, 25 to sorry, here, 37, 350 down to here, these two accounts, 36, 250, which of course is the difference of 1100. Okay, so I'm going to unhighlight these and do the last one here. So we're going to unhighlight these. Alright, C then says when the accounting department pays insurance, the account that is debited is prepaid insurance. As of the cutoff date, prepaid insurance is calculated to be 6000. So once again, let's go through our method and see which accounts might be affected. We have one balance sheet account above the blue line related to insurance. In this case, it's going to be prepaid insurance. So I'm going to make that highlight that to show that that will be affected one account below the blue line, either revenue or some type of expense. In this case, some type of expense that expense called insurance expense. We know that expenses all have debit balances. We know that they only go up in the debit direction. So how do we make something go up? We do the same thing to it, which in this case would be another debit. So I'm going to copy this, going to make sure that that is a debit right on top because the debit generally go on top. If the only other account affected is prepaid insurance, then that should be a credit. So I'm going to copy that, put that on the bottom and make that prepaid insurance. So once again, we can kind of see which way it's going without really understanding what's going on. So now let's talk about what's going on. So what is prepaid insurance? How did it get there? When we pay for insurance by definition, we're getting something in the future. So we can't pay for insurance after an accident happens if we're paying for car insurance or something like that because that's not how insurance works most of time. Might work that way now for health insurance. But for car insurance, you generally have to pay before the accident. So then what that means is when we buy it, we have an asset and then we should then expense that asset over the coverage of the insurance. So we're going to put it on as an asset, then we're going to expense it as of the coverage of the insurance. So this is the amount that the account department has put on there. We have now determined that we have consumed part of that and the amount that is left is $6,000 in this case. So what we're saying is this is what we have on the books so far and we now think that we have consumed some of it and the amount that is left is $6,000. Therefore, we're going to have to, what do we have to bring this down by in order to bring it to $6,000? The amount that we have determined, that's going to be a subtraction problem of $12,000 minus the $6,000 in this case. So we've got to bring this down by $6,000 to bring it to what we determined it to be, which is $6,000. Now, there's two ways that we could ask this question. Note that in this format, we're saying as of the cutoff date prepaid insurance is calculated to be, meaning we're saying what discount this account should be and in this case, it should be $6,000. We could also format this and say that this is the amount of prepaid insurance that has expired, that has been used throughout the time period. If we said that, then we would just be saying exactly what the expense should be. So in this case, it happened not to matter because it's $6,000 or $6,000 either way. We used $6,000 and there will be $6,000 left. We used half of it, but if it's not in that proportion, be careful that the question could be asked either way. We could say, do the calculation say this is how much is still prepaid or we can say how much this should go down by saying how much has yet has been consumed. So in this case, we're going to say it's $6,000 and credit of $6,000. And once we post that, we assume that this will go down to what we calculated it to be, which in this case is $6,000. So let's post this. I'm going to go down to H19 and equals and we'll point to the expense. The expense will go up, put us out of balance and bring net income down. So remember net income is the income revenue here minus all revenue here minus all of the expenses, which is that's the 83,980, 83,980. This is income, not a loss. Then we'll be up here in H8. We're going to say this equals and we'll point to the credit that's a debit, that's a credit, that's going to be the opposite, which will make this go down puts us back in balance here. And we now see that this is the $6,000, which matches what we think and what we calculated it to be.


Income tax 2021-2022, software example tax line number 16. Get ready to get refunds to the max. Diving into income tax 2021-2022. Lassert tax software. You don't need access to tax software to follow along, but you might want to have the form 1040, which you can find on the IRS website at irs.gov, irs.gov, starting point single, Fielder, Adam Smith, Living in Beverly Hills 90210. We have the 100,000 this time at the W-2 income, 12,550 for the standard deduction. We then get to the 87,450 for the taxable income, mirroring that on our worksheet, 100,000 coming from our income or W-2 worksheet. Back on over to the main page, 12,550 standard deduction getting us to the 87,450 here. We're then going to let the software calculate the tax at the 1515, that's where our concentration will be this time. If I go to page two, we see the calculation online number 16 of that 1515. Now we talked about in prior presentations, the idea of a progressive tax system, which we have here, so you can go into that in a bit more detail if you want to dive into that a bit more. But the general idea is that the progressive taxes is more confusing than, say, a flat tax because there's going to be multiple rates that we will be used in order to calculate this 1515. And so that's not too difficult. Of course, if you have software to help you out with that calculation, but when you're doing projections into the future, you have to have that concept in mind to do the proper projections. And when you're talking to someone about their tax planning, you have to have a concept of those brackets as well. So in practice, when you're talking to someone, you want to know where the thresholds are or get an idea of what the progressive tax system does, which we talked about in a prior presentation. When you actually do the tax calculation, you could basically pull this information from a table of tax tables, for example, although the tax tables don't give you much idea for projections into the future. They're just going to help you to pull out that particular number for where you particularly stand. So you could take a look at prior presentations to dive into that in more detail, but just also realize that we have this difference between the marginal tax rate and the effective tax rate. These two rates being significant when you're trying to do planning into the future because the marginal tax rate is the highest bracket, and that's the one you usually will be using for tax planning because any change that you make will be on the margin as opposed to the average rate, which is a nice rate to kind of use to get the average tax rate that's being paid, but it's not going to help you out with the changes and the next thing that you're going to do from this point in time. So then if we're going to add a level of complexity to this, note that you also have different things that could be included in the taxable income that actually have separate or different tax rates such as qualified dividends, for example, and possibly capital gains. So those are other things that will confuse the calculation here on line 16. So just to get a feel for that, we can go on over and let's say that on the income side of things, let's say that we only had 90,000 here and we're going to include then in the dividends. We're going to say we had dividends of the other 10,000, and they were all qualified. So we talked about dividends in the past. I won't go into what qualified is right now, but the idea would be that we're going to have a favorable tax rate for the qualified dividends. Let's see if we can figure that or see how that works. If I take a look at this calculation, now we've got the 90,000. We've got the 10,000 for the qualified dividends. We're still at the 100,000. That gets us to the same 87,450 here. But if I go to page two, we have a different calculation. We've got the 14,293. And so before we have the 15,15. So that's just an example of, again, how that tax calculation can get a little tricky if you go into the worksheet here. You could get more detail in terms of the calculation that took place, but in essence, we're getting favorable tax treatment on the 10,000 because they're qualified dividends. So what you want to do in practice is, again, you'll probably be reliant on the software to do the calculations. You're probably not going to recreate that in a worksheet, but you want to be able to explain. Qualified dividends give you a favorable tax rate possibly because they're trying to incentivize the favorable tax rate. Therefore, you're not being taxed at the ordinary income rates. But at favorable rates, which you got to look, the software will give you a different set of tables so you can kind of explain that. If we go back to the original point and I say, okay, I'm going to go back to the original point and say we don't have these. And we're going to say back to the W-2 income, put that back at the 100,000, then go back to the forms and take a look at page one. We're at the same 87,450, but now it's all from W-2 income and we're back up to the 15,15 for the tax. So we could have a similar kind of thing could happen if we had dividends, I'm sorry, capital gains. So let's say we go back on over and say, okay, let's bring this back down to 90,000. And let's say we sold stock as part of our income. So we're going to say income and we're going to go to Schedule D distributions. And I'm going to say we sold stock and we acquired it. I'm going to say on 010100. So it's long-term stock, date sold 0615221. And the sales price, let's say, is 20,000. The cost is 10,000 so that the gain would be 10,000. If I go back on over to the information, we've got the Schedule D now, capital gains and losses. It's a long-term gain, 10,000. That rolls ultimately in to the form 1040. So now we've got the 90 plus the 10,000. Back to that 100,000, we've got the same 87,450. But now if I go to page two, we've got the 14293 as opposed to what we had before of the 1515. So that's another one where it's going to complicate the tax calculation. You could go into the worksheet and kind of check it out for those calculations. But that's another one where you want to have the general idea to be able to explain to someone, yeah, the capital gains is going to be possibly taxed if it's long-term at basically a favorable rate. And then you can have the software help you to calculate it and then possibly kind of deconstruct it so you can understand it and explain it. The software can be helpful to go back and forth and do that kind of figuring. Now, the other thing that's fairly common is you might have to file the form 8814 if, say, you had a dependent that had some income as well. And instead of filing a separate return for them, you might claim basically their income on this form 8814. So they get an idea. And obviously the government is a little bit skeptical if there's a lot of, like, say, interest and dividends of income for a dependent because how would they get that money? How would they get that income? They would have to have significant investments in stocks and bonds, most likely, which means that it looks like that might be done to try to basically get favorable tax rates, possibly due to the progressive tax system, for example. So you have to report that income, and then you might be subject to the tax rates that are the higher rates of the parents in that instance. So the question there would be, do you need to file a separate return for the child? And if the income is over a certain threshold, you would have to file a separate return. And you could take a look at the irs.gov to dive into this in more detail. But there's going to be basically different thresholds whether or not they just have the investment income versus active income or income that they got from like a job like W2 income, for example. And then you can look at those thresholds to see if they're required to file and whether or not you can claim their income here on basically like the parent return. And if that was the case, let's just imagine we have that income and we're going to be using this 8814 just to get a feel for that. We're going to say, okay, now we've got a dependent. Dependent is now on the books for Sam Smith. And so this is going to be a dependent that has income. So I'm going to go to the form 8814. And I'm going to say that they have interest income, let's say of 3,000. So again, this is a child dependent, a young dependent in this case. So you would think how they wouldn't really have, obviously the only way they have enough money that's in a savings account or something like that or bonds or something that earns 3,000 would be that the parent put it in there. So you would think that it would be fair kind of to have it flow through and be more taxed like the parent rates possibly. But in any case, if I go to the forms to take a look at it. So now we've got this adjustment that took place. We've got the form 8814. So we can go to the form 8814. That's the parent's election to report the child's interest. And then I won't go into this in detail, but and you can look at obviously the instructions for form 8814 to kind of dive into this in more detail if it's something that is applicable to you. So child's interest and dividends, we've got the 3,000 up top and then we've got this 200, which is the base amount to get to this $800. And then down below, we've got the amount taxed. So enter 1,100, subtract these lines, you get the 1,900. And then tax is the amount on line 14 less than 1,001. If it is enter 110, I'm sorry, no enter 110. And then we got to do to the instructions. If yes, then we would multiply it by 14 times that 10%. So what we're going to do is we're going to get the 110. And then the difference that $800 is going to be pulled into schedule one, which you could see here on schedule one, which is pulling into the form 1040. So now we've got the 100,000 and that added $800 on the form 1040 for the 108 to get us the 88,250. And that flows in then to page two. And we've got the added information here that we've got to be picking up that box, 8814 or the form 8814. So that can obviously add to some complexity with the tax calculation. Now the other form that you can kind of dive into to see if a child had to report income would be the form 8615. So I won't dive into that in more detail here, but you can look it up on the IRS website if applicable to do some more research. And that's form 8615, tax for certain children who have unearned income.


So, now in the last module we have started talking about semiconductor nanocrystals. We have discussed Rosenthal's work where they had obtained a bi-exponential decay for cadmium selenide nanoparticles and the important thing that we learned from that study was that the every time constant has a contribution from a radiative part and a non-radiative part. Of course there can be special cases when one of the amplitudes can be 0. I mean one of the rate constants may not contribute that is a different issue but the general scenario we should not forget is that every time constant is associated not only just one radiative process. And we had also said that very often you have ultra long-lived trap states not always you can try and make nanoparticles where this trap states are almost not there. But in most of the cases you have long-lived trap states which is usually a hindrance because that would steal from the bandage emission intensity but in some cases trap state emission has been used effectively to make things like white light emitting nanoparticles or red emitting nanoparticles which have different kinds of use. So what is established in this work of Karki and Polaris and others is that for cadmium selenide there are two types of radiative traps so it is not a single exponential decay. And secondly if you pump with higher energies there is more efficient trapping will not go very deep into this right now but when we talk about multi excitons and all we will talk about the effect of pump energy as well. Now let us move on to another piece of work by V's and co-workers and here we will not complete the discussion in this module what we will do is we will discuss the philosophy of what they have done and then we will come back in the next module and then discuss the mathematical detail that they have used in the data analysis. So this is the system that they worked with cadmium selenide nanocrystals once again rather small and now we are familiar with this absorption spectrum you can see the bandage absorption you know what it is which electron level which whole level is involved and you can see the other structure very nicely that we had shown earlier in the previous module and this is the emission spectrum the point to note is that these are nanoparticles where not much of trap emission is there but the emission quantum yield is as low as 5% not great. As low as 5% because if you look at the decays of photo luminescence here you might notice that V's and co-workers do not use the term fluorescence and phosphorescence they are in deviation with Rosenthal's assignment so you see almost all the PL has decayed within the first nanosecond. However if you look more carefully so this is the decay that you get using a femtosecond optical gating of conversion and this inset shows the decay of PL using TCSPC and that goes on for hundreds of nanosecond. So this is the interesting as well as problematic aspect of working with this kind of nanoparticles you have ultrafast decays you have ultra slow decays and everything means something it is not easy to separate the components and say which one means what and that is why this paper in ACS Nano 2011 is very useful because it gives you a good idea about what to do with this many time constants that you get in most of the papers they are dealt with rather slowly but this is one paper where they had done a thorough analysis of course whenever you do something like this many of the models are phenomenological many of the models are just empirical and can be debated and that is why so much of work is going on even now because the last word is not really out alright. So let us show you some of the time constants that they got so when they looked at the time resolved PL peak at 580 nanometer they got 6 exponentials 3 from up conversion 3 from TCSPC so you see 4.5 picosecond and 48 picosecond these are in agreement with Rosenthal's work remember Rosenthal had got by exponential decays for her PL decays femtosecond time regime picosecond time regime they get that what they get in addition is this 730 femtosecond timescale so this is something that one can miss very easily if the resolution of the instrument is not good enough and the other thing that they have got and Rosenthal did not most likely because Rosenthal did not try to do a TCSPC experiment and they did is that they got these 3 time constants 1.4 nanosecond 13 nanosecond 45 nanosecond. Now there are papers where the ultrafast component is not even considered and these 3 lifetimes obtaining being obtained in TCSPC is quite common and remember this is not trap emission here we are not talking about very redshifted emission if trap emission component is there then the trap emission is hidden within the bandage emission itself. So the energy of the trap is very close to the bandage so this is an experiment which is more carefully done and more thorough in which the ultrafast as well as these slow components everything have been considered but now the question is what will we do with so many components how does one make sense of this one way of making sense of complicated systems is to do more than one kind of experiment and they did they did transient absorption experiments and compared the results with the time-resolved photo luminescence experiments. So this is the transient absorption that you can see again what is this feature the strong negative feature naturally ground state bleach here you would see some kind of a transient absorption and here again ground state bleach and of course this signal in this entire range is a complete mix because do not forget the absorption is not just here it keeps on going up. So whatever plus signal that you see is really a net signal there is a minus component as well okay what is the most notable thing in this spectrum I would say the quality it looks like a steady state spectrum it is absolutely smooth right so it is beautiful. Now so then they looked at the ground state bleach recovery not only in picosecond but also in nanosecond so they did flash photolysis as well so as you can see the ground state bleach is not recovered completely within even after one nanosecond and this is a major difference between the transient absorption data and time-resolved PL data time-resolved PL remember was gone in 100s of nanosecond 100s of picosecond well not 100s of picosecond if you go beyond one nanosecond you can see that time-resolved PL is almost gone okay. But here you can actually see that the ground state bleach recovery is not complete that means that you do have states that are that do not radiate which are holding either the electron or the hole keeping them separated and not allowing complete recombination and regeneration of the ground state within one nanosecond and you get this long component in ground state bleach recovery. So first of all what is vindicated here is that the nanosecond signal that you get in time-resolved PL is not rubbish okay as you know whenever we talk about fluorescence or photolysis we are very picky we always think that there may be some impurity and whatever long life time is there is perhaps because of a small amount of impurity that can happen here also. But what transient absorption looks at is the bulk it is looking at absorption right so if there is very small quantity of some impurity it will not show up in transient absorption. So from here first thing we learnt is that that long component that was seen in transient in time-resolved PL was genuine. Now if you compare the time constants something interesting happens first of all that 0.73 picosecond component does not show up so where is it gone. Similarly you see 4.5 picosecond in TRPL 4.5 picosecond in transient absorption 48, 13 and 12, 45 and 46 amazing beautiful match the only thing that is not matching is instead of 1.4 nanosecond you are getting 0.7 nanosecond which may be okay. When you do a 6 exponential fit in all and when you stitch together two kinds of experiments one out of six components going over is fine right. So this is what they have got. Now the problem is where is that 7.30 picosecond component why is it that you do not see it in transient absorption. Actually it is seen in transient absorption but not in the visible range of probe. So the other experiment that was done is transient absorption but using NIR probe and already there was literature which said that this transient absorption in NIR is due to bandage to higher energy states. In fact one can even guess that you are getting a positive signal. So from bandage it must you must be probing transition from bandage to higher it is just that those energy levels are much closer than the band gap that is inherently there that is why it is NIR and not visible. Now the literature that existed had established and again for the positive of time will not go into how they established is actually an interesting thing to know but it was established that of this transient absorption spectrum the higher energy part is dominated by electrons the lower energy part is dominated by holes very interesting papers one should read them okay. And then when you look at transients across the transient absorption band when you plot delta OD versus time this is what you get at 900 nanometer you get this kind of a decay at 1400 nanometer once again remember this TAHARA's work that we are shown tails were matched and at the blue edge of the emission spectrum we could see the ultrafast component nicely this plot is similar long components are there everywhere but the short components gradually emerges as you go from higher energy side to lower energy side what does that mean short component is not there in the higher energy side that is dominated by electron relaxation but it is there in the lower energy side which is dominated by hole relaxation what does it mean it means that the ultrafast component that is there is associated with hole relaxation it is as simple as that the problem is when they just fit the data simply they did not see that 730 picosecond component 730 femtosecond component they got something like this first two if you remember were very nice 4.5 4.5 48 48 what they see is when you go into NIR 4.5 becomes 4.7 to start with which is we can say within acceptable limits and then it becomes 2.5 I have not shown the data in between if you read the paper all the data is given and you can see the gradual this decay become faster and faster and faster as you go from 900 to 1400 nanometer here we show you only the 1400 nanometer data here this component is 2.5 and then even tau 3 instead of 43 48 43 they are similar it has become 26 tau 4 is actually something like 0.39 nanosecond and tau 5 could not be determined very nicely because in the NIR experiment they did not have flash photolysis so this is not a very good fit so what appears from this is that this analysis is not quite right the NIR UV pump visible pump NIR probe experiment analysis is not quite right because we expect to see that 730 femtosecond component because it has to be somewhere in some range it has to be there because it is there in time result PLA that is not showing up and this 4 picosecond component that is sort of sacrosanity in our minds that is becoming 2.5 when does that happen you know very well that there are 2 components you miss the faster one but the component that you see which should not have become faster appears to become faster and that does that happen when you actually have the slow component what you are not looking for it you understand what I am saying your it is a multi exponential decay right you are fitting to 4 exponential functions so it is not very difficult to lose one of the components but then it is there so what it will do is it will show up in some other component remember average lifetime sum over i ai tau i so suppose I fit instead of a bi exponential decay I fit to a single exponential decay what will happen I have a bi exponential decay of course it will not even fit but let us say just to understand the situation that I have a 4 nano second decay and I have a 2 nano second decay or let us make it more realistic 2 nano second 4 nano second 8 nano second 3 components are there I fit it to a bi exponential function and usually it will fit maybe i square will be a little bad I fit it to a bi exponential function what will happen I will not get 2 4 6 I will not even get 4 and 6 perhaps I will get a 3 and 5 or something like that so because I am not accounting for the genuine short component that is there the other components will also appear to be shorter than they are same is true for longer component okay so here is the issue here the important thing that comes is what we have discussed while talking about data analysis data analysis cannot be done blindly you cannot just take whatever comes out of the program you have to think that what should be the situation in your system and you have to use an appropriate model okay so the appropriate model they used was first of all they did what we have discussed towards the beginning of this course they did global analysis global analysis across this transient absorption in IR band so they took 21 decays so here the good thing is that you are recording the spectrum right so in principle you can take very large number it is because you have many pixels there so it took 21 decays and the fit to actually 6 components 5 components I think is wrong 6 components why 6 components because you expect that there are 5 components that you see from transient absorption and a 6th one from your fluorescence photo luminescence the fit to 6 components this is a mistake 6 components and also what they did is they fixed the lifetimes and this is where this can be contested one can say why are you fixing the lifetime you vary it globally but they did not do that instead of so they call it global analysis but what they have really done is that they have fixed the lifetimes whereas because transient absorption data as we know is not as nice as TCSPC data it may not be so easy to do proper global analysis using it especially in NIR but this is what they did they fixed the lifetimes 6 lifetimes and they did an analysis so what would change what are the variables here the amplitudes yeah the amplitudes are the variables so they got the amplitudes for different wavelengths and they plotted this is the plot of amplitudes versus wavelength we will focus only on the on C1 and C5 this is C1 right what is C1 associated with 0.73 picoseconds 735 second so as you see in the higher energy side from 900 to 1100 nanometer that amplitude is actually 0 then it rises to some value in the lower energy side remember lower energy side is dominated by holes okay we do not even have to go into the rest lower energy side dominated by holes so from there what they did is they assigned this 0.73 picosecond component 735 second component to ultrafast hole relaxation okay and that is only the beginning of the story. So what we have learned in this module is that handling data in this kind of situations is the most difficult part of the game recording itself is a challenge because you need good data without good data useless and that is why it helped that they had such a smooth absorption spectrum but what you do with the data that is actually what takes maybe 75% of time when you do experiments like this not recording data not preparing the sample so what they have done so far what we have discussed is that they have fitted their NIR data to 6 components coming from the visible probe transient absorption and PL and from here they have been able to get that earlier elusive 735 second component is assigned to ultrafast hole relaxation. And the next step is a closer look at the components themselves and that is what we are going to take up in the next module.


Now the lawmaker representing Karnan of Jibin Barau says the Muslim Muslim ticket of the president-elect and his vice will not hamper his chances of becoming the president of the 10th Senate. Barau is the chairman, Senate committee and appropriation in the 9th Assembly, say that these were briefened journalists today in Abuja. He told correspondent that he was more qualified than most of his colleagues running for the coveted position. It's clear in the Senate rows that aspiration or elation for the office of the Senate presidency shall be in a condom to ranking. And among those who are seeking to acquire that office as we speak, I have the highest ranking. I have the highest ranking. So it's constitutional. Among those who are aspiring, who have shown their intentions, who are aspiring, I am the one that is most experienced. He urged the president-elect to concede a rank and sanity from the North West geopolitical zone as the next Senate president. Here, if you are talking about short sentiments even, not with the desire to be given the Senate presidency because we give the president the highest votes and we want our president to go for second term after this election, after this one, we want you to go for second term because you saw what he did in Lagos, transform Lagos to become an economy El Dorado. So we want you to replicate that here in Nigeria, replicate that for the entire country.


I hope I get a good parking spot. I hope we have pizza for dinner. I hope we can cure racism and heal our fractured world. One of these things is not like the other. We need curators and co-conspirators of hope, and this hope must run much deeper than parking spots and pizza. This hope brings the future into the present, showing what could be possible someday and bringing it to life today. What are you hoping for? And what are you doing to make that hope a reality?


Observational studies like these, suggesting dairy might not be so bad, can be confounded by extraneous factors, such as the fact that people who eat more cheese tend to be of higher socioeconomic class. Fine. Bored about this interventional study, a randomized crossover trial, which compared a high-fat cheese diet to a high-fat meat diet to a low-fat diet, a high-cheese diet cheese, which is loaded with saturated fat, a high-meat diet meat, which is loaded with saturated fat versus carb, a low-fat diet, and people ended up with the same cholesterol levels. Let's see how they did it. Half the study was paid for in part by the dairy industry, and the other half paid for by dairy, dairy, dairy, and dairy. If you're the dairy industry and you're trying to design a study to show that a high-cheese diet doesn't raise cholesterol, how would you go about doing that? And remember this video, it's one of my favorites. The beef industry was in the same pickle as the cheese industry. Beef has saturated fat, which raises cholesterol, which raises the risk of dying from our number one killer. What's an industry to do? So they designed a study where they added beef and cholesterol went down. How is that possible? Here's the two diets. They added beef and the cholesterol went down.   Well, duh, they could have swapped in twinkies and said, snack cakes lower your cholesterol, or frosting, or anything. Okay, so now that you know the trick, let's go back to this study. How are you going to get a high-fat cheese diet and a high-fat meat diet to have anywhere near the same saturated fat level as a diet with neither? Unless… wait, don't tell me what. They added coconut oil or something to the other diet? They added so much coconut oil and cookies to the so-called low-fat diet that they were able to sufficiently raise the level of saturated fat to cause a similar rise in cholesterol. That's how you can make a cheese or meat-rich diet look like it doesn't raise cholesterol. That reminds me of the desperation evident in this study that compared the effects of dairy cheddar cheese to a non-dairy cheddar cheese called DEA. Milk consumption has plummeted in recent years as people have discovered plant-based alternatives like soy milk and almond milk, and now there's plant-based cheese alternatives? What's the National Dairy Council to do? How are you going to design a study that shows it's healthier to eat cheese? Design a study where cheese causes less inflammation than the vegan alternative. They've got their work cut out for them. DEA is no health food by any stretch, but definitely three times less saturated fat than cow cheese. So I give up. How could you possibly show more inflammation from DEA? Well, there is one fat that may cause more inflammation than milk-fat palm oil. In fact, it may raise cholesterol levels as much as trans-fat-laden-partially-hydrogenated oil. Yeah, but what? Do you tell me they like slip the DEA group some extra palm oil on the side? Yes! Can you believe it? They compared cheese to DEA plus palm oil. So much extra palm oil that the vegan alternative meal ended up having the same amount of saturated fat as the cheese meal. That's like improving tofu is worse than beef by doing a study where they compared a beef burger to a tofu patty stuffed with lard. Oh wait, the meat industry already did that. But at least they had the decency to concede that replacing of meat by tofu in the habitual diet would probably not usually be accompanied by the addition of lard.


The Jimmy goes too, the Jimmy goes too, and the Jimmy goes too. The St. Lucia Tourism Awards, The Jimmy's, made its debut on Wednesday, April 26, 2023, birthing a new era of celebrating and acknowledging excellence, innovation, and a distinction within the hospitality industry. Hospitality contributors from all parts of the sector gathered in one space to extol the hard work and dedication of their peers, contemporaries, and colleagues. My name is Ali, and I won the Jimmy's Award for Independent Restaurant Employee of the Year. As you can see, the trophy is pretty heavy. To be quite honest, I've been in the industry for a little bit of time, and winning the award was a whole new experience. It was kind of very uplifting.  Since I won the award, more or less, you know, I mean, people they come by and they say, yeah, I saw, and like, you know, you've been doing good, and yeah, it's a good feeling, it's a good feeling. Named after Mount Jimmy, the highest peak in the country, standing at an elevation of 3,120 feet, the Jimmy's is synonymous with reaching new heights, the pinnacle of excellence. The actual award design, which depicts the Jimmy's, was conceptualized and created by world-renowned sculptor, designer, and son of the soil, Jaleem Yudovic. The Jimmy's Award scheme captures a diverse landscape of St. Lucia's hospitality industry, awarding organizations, employees, independent operators, and unsung heroes under the category of special awards and recognition. My name is Andrew Mondezi. My business name is La Emodesia. The Jimmy that I won was for craft and souvenir retailer of the year. Getting the nomination, it was a big thrill.  Winning the award was encouraging. It really gave me the motivation to even improve in my craft, improve in my service. The actual prizes, I'm very appreciative for the prizes because I've already implemented them into my business and I'm already seeing the benefits. One of the prizes was a consultation with a marketing expert, which really helped me to develop my brand, develop my logo, and I could really see this going forward and helping me improve my service in the tourism industry here in St. Lucia. In any field, an award really encourages the participants to reach out for something better. It also helps them to feel appreciated in their fields. The Jimmy's, in particular, one thing that really encouraged me to reach out for this award was the Jimmy itself. It's a beautiful work of art by Jale Mudevik and just having a piece of Jale's art really encouraged me to be part of this award. The Ministry of Tourism-led Initiative, the Jimmy's, was developed to serve as an opportunity to set new benchmarks of excellence, recognize the best in the industry, and reflect on their indelible contribution which drives the sector. In collaboration with St. Lucia Hospitality and Tourism Association, SLHTA, and the St. Lucia Tourism Authority, SLTA, the Ministry of Tourism uses the Jimmy's to show why St. Lucia is known worldwide as a destination of choice. Dear ST members of the tourism community, we are delighted to extend a warm welcome to you as we kick off the call for nominations for the highly anticipated 2024 St. Lucia Tourism Awards. This prestigious event is a celebration of excellence, innovation, and dedication within our vibrant tourism industry. In line with our commitment to recognizing outstanding contributions and fostering growth, this year brings exciting updates. We are introducing new award categories to ensure more of our outstanding operators get their recognition they deserve. Continuing on the global momentum, and in aligning the theme of the 2023 World Tourism Day Tourism and Green Investments, we are placing a special focus on sustainable practices and eco-friendly innovations. This theme underscores our collective responsibility to promote tourism that not only captivates but also preserves the beauty of our beloved St. Lucia. In our quest to ensure St. Lucia continues its reign as a Caribbean-leading honeymoon, nature, and adventure destination, we solicit the support of all industry stakeholders in this journey of selecting the new crop of Jimmy's winners, whose dedication we are eager to celebrate. Thank you for your unwavering dedication to making St. Lucia a premier destination. We look forward to all your nominations. As a nation, let's celebrate an industry, the people and organizations that form part of the social and economic fabric of St. Lucia. The countdown to the Jimmy's 2024 begins now. Get on the road to Jimmy's 2024.


Hey everyone, welcome back to the second session of Worship Ministry. Let's continue in chapter 3. We discussed in the previous class, previous session about the four relationships that make or break us. We do have a successful Worship Ministry. And now we very briefly talk about the goals of the Worship Ministry. Christopher, go ahead. What happens? Christopher raises his hand and he leaves the meeting. Hi, Christopher, are you there? Sir, can you hear me faster? Yes, I can. Yeah. This is actually one of my earlier points in a previous class where the audience for the present Worship Team is really God. And I just think that there are times when it's very important to be able to also have a relationship with the audience or the congregation, which basically means that the congregation and the Worship Team are together in unison praising and worshipping God. And the Worship Team is really like a, you know, like a facilitator to provide to this, I mean, to meet their objective.   And the audience is so important to be able to meet that objective. And the second one is a little bit of a personal story where, you know, a long time ago when I was, I mean, really young, maybe around eight or nine years old, I attended this musical, this pretty famous musical called Jesus Christ Superstar. That is in Mumbai and in another city. And as the cast was actually getting into the onto the stage, they didn't come onto the stage. From the back, they came through the eye itself. And I still remember that, you know, it was Jesus who was the person who was playing the role of Jesus in that musical. He bent down and said something to me.  And that really touched me. It was like a real personal kind of, you know, interaction.  And so I think that that audience, I'm sorry, the congregations is so really important. And that relationship makes that, you know, that participation as well as that need for the congregation to be an interesting part of this person worship. And not, it could be beyond person worship also even, you know, just in fact, just being in tune with the, you know, the summit example, you know, when the passage says amen.  So just the point over there, you know, that that relationship is, I don't know where it fits in, but it probably could be the fifth one. Yeah, so just sorry to mention that. Yeah, Christopher. I mean, I agree with that as well. But so here's the thing, right? Again, it comes down to spiritual maturity, like what I mentioned to Louis as well, you know, to what he said. And the reason I say that is, yes, absolutely, we are there to, you know, minister to God first and then, you know, we are serving the congregation as well. Yes. And I also mentioned that we need to be very sensitive to the congregation that you are leading as well. Right.   I wouldn't say repetition is bad or good.  Right. You would repeat a chorus. If you feel okay, that's where the Holy Spirit is leading. And that's where the song, you know, he wants you to go in that direction. And so you lead the congregation, you know, and if you're not sensitive, and if you are just doing, say, vain repetitions and you've lost the congregation, the congregation is just like staring at you. Say, okay, dude, what are you doing? Move on kind of a thing. It happens, isn't it? And so what I'm trying to say is yes, you have to be sensitive to the congregation, their background and whatnot. But also you have to keep in mind that, say, if you're the worship pastor, if you're the pastor, you are their shepherd. And you are also leading them. Right.  We just can't be in the same place thing. Okay, you know, this is the congregation. This is the background. That's where they're comfortable at. No, but slowly and steadily you hold their hands kind of thing. And then you take them to the place where God has told you to take them. Right. And the journey, you know, we take time. That's where we as pastors or leaders should be patient. Right. So we need to take them into the deeper levels of intimacy with God. We as shepherds. And so that is also there.  This thing. And you also need to know you as a shepherd, as their leader, you, you have this responsibility to take them deeper into their relationship with God as well. Right. So, yeah. Just adding to what you've shared. But thanks for sharing that question. Yeah, thank you. So the name of this section from the bottom of page 36, we will start discussing about this talk very briefly about the goals of a worship ministry. A vision is important. Having a goal is crucial. Right. So a team needs to know where they are going. Then the one who's leading the team needs to know where he or she is going because vision is crucial. Without that, it'll be like you're just running on a treadmill, so to speak. Okay, a lot of work can get done, but then it seemed like you're just running in the same place. So, you know, having a goal, you know, always help in that journey, like having specific goals, having goals that are measurable, right? Having goals that are actionable. So with that in mind, just a few, you know, is one of the goals is nurturing, nurturing and encouraged and joyful worship ministry. Community. Okay. Nurturing one of them. So what is the meaning of nurture? What is the meaning of nurture? It's the question for us. Okay, I haven't said as speak now or for ever hold your peace. Okay, so what do you mean by nurture? What does it mean? Okay, Pung says okay. What else? Charles, Louis, Nisha. Can I say something, sir? Yeah, sure, please. I think nurture is the attention and the care you give in the process of maturing. It's the care given in the process of maturing. Yeah, okay. Thank you, sir. Thank you, Louis. Thank you. Anybody else? Anything? Investing, sir. Investing. Okay. Yeah. Interesting. Thanks, Rupa. To bring up and look after. Okay. So budget, anybody, anything? What do we, what image or what picture do you see? I mean, I'm sure most of us can think of when we nurture a child. When a parent, parents, they nurture the child. How do they do that? And why do they do that, right? They take care of it. They invest into the child, right? You're in their journey of, you know, as they're growing from an infant to a child, to a teenager, to a young adult, et cetera, et cetera. You are nurturing them. You're taking care of them, right? You're investing in them. You're leading them. You are guiding them, right? In many ways, you are a shepherd to them, right? And in this context, you are the shepherd. And one of the goals of the worship ministry can be nurturing and encouraged. That means you are investing. You are taking care. You are creating, right? A joyful worship ministry community. You know, so we can talk about just creating a community or the importance of community at length, but we'll do that sometime soon. But the importance of nurturing and encouraged and the joyful worship ministry community, creating effective, consistent, and beautiful worship environments, right? Creating effective and consistent worship environments and beautiful worship moments, right? One of the things that I mentioned was, you know, for the goals to be successful, they need to be specific, right? They need to be measurable. And if you are, one of the goals of your worship ministry is to create, you know, something that's exciting and whatnot, how do, what are some of the examples of a goal that can be specific versus some of the goals that are not specific? Can anybody think of that as an example? Some of the goals that are specific and some of the goals that are not specific? Anything you'd like to share? You know, goals that are measurable versus goals that are not measurable. Any examples? Okay, so one of the examples that I can think of is, say, for, I can ask the team to just say start writing songs versus a more specific goal can be, let's write three congregational worship songs. So you see the difference, right? One is very generic, very general, okay, a goal. Let's start writing songs, okay, you know, versus let's write three congregational worship songs. So now all of a sudden it's become very specific, okay, I'm going to write three songs and we're going to do, and we're going to make it very congregational. So it's not just a very, a solo act kind of a thing. Okay, so there's more direction. And as an example that I shared when we released our first album is that we just didn't set out on a project to write songs. We had a very specific time and a theme given to us. Okay, we're going to write songs based on these Psalms. So now we know where to look to, what to look for. Okay, it could be another example specific, a very generic thing, train a volunteer worship leader versus, so train a volunteer worship leader versus train Christopher to lead worship for Sunday night service. Okay, so Christopher, sorry, Christopher, I'm just using it as an example, because as I'm thinking of the example. Okay, so instead of saying, okay, here's the goal, we're going to train a volunteer that's very generic. I don't know who's this volunteer or whatnot, right? Versus, I'm going to train an individual specifically to lead worship, right? So any other examples that you can think of a very specific goal versus a non-specific kind of a goal, right, time to practice. Yeah, so time to practice versus what are you going to practice in that time? Okay, just give me another minute, because there's no one at home, someone just disturbing me with the calling, but just give me another minute, please. I'll be back, sorry. I'm so sorry. Everything I dreaded not to happen today is happening today, when no one is at home. Oh boy, okay. All right, but anyways, so let's just move on. So you have some of the worship ministry goals is nurturing, creating and establishing longevity in your volunteer force of musicians, techs and leaders, establishing longevity. This can't be stressed enough. The emphasis on it, the importance of it, is you need to make sure that they don't burn out, using them over and over and over again for everything and then eventually they quit the team. And so the importance of the roster, the rotational system and whatnot is super crucial, which we will talk about that in the very next point. So three goals of the worship ministry is nurturing them. Are you investing in them? Are you taking care of them? Are you creating a culture? Are you creating effective, consistent and beautiful worship moments? Establishing longevity in your volunteer force of musicians, techs and leaders, right? And now we move on to the section where we talk about the daily tasks of running a worship ministry. Daily task of running a worship ministry. The task of scheduling and rostering team is one of the first things that we will see. The task of reducing or scheduling and rostering teams. Check. You guys can you hear me? Oh boy, okay. My internet connection dropped up something is really not right today. My sincere apologies guys. Thanks. Can we continue? Okay. And so we're in page 37 of the content. We're talking about daily tasks of running a worship ministry. Yes, there are daily tasks of running a worship ministry. It's not just a Sunday morning thing of showing up to church and start leading worship. There are tasks every day. And that's what we will discuss in this section. One of the tasks is scheduling and rostering teams. Scheduling and rostering teams. So I want to one more time just share that roster tab with you and just take us through just some of the entire roster and how it looks. It's not complicated. It's not a complicated thing. So as you can see, we have few sheets. Here we have the sermon plan and some of the songs suggested for ministry time. These are some of the songs I suggested to be sung post the sermon because Pastor Ashish has requested that we will move into a time of ministry that focuses on healing and deliverance. And so just a few suggestions to the team. So here we have some of the jam rooms suggested for the team where they can meet for practice. And here's the roster of all the worship leaders who will be leading worship at different locations. So as some of you know that we have five different locations. One is Bangalore Central, Bangalore South, North, East and West. And the names that I mentioned, including the Children's Church worship leaders I mentioned here. And this is a sheet only for worship leaders. The dates I mentioned. And now we look into the teams rostered every Sunday specifically. So for 18th, so I led a central on the first Sunday. This was my team, Jonathan, acoustic guitar. So everything is very specific. So you can see the keys, acoustic guitar, electric guitar one. If you're lucky, you have electric guitar two, bass, the drums, vocals. MD is what we call it as what we call as music director. So this and this is only at central. So where we have one person on the stage who will also be MD or music directing. So they will have a mic. And when they speak, only the team members will be hearing. We'll be able to hear from the mic. So they'll be directing. They'll be in conversation with the worship leader saying, okay, can we go to the next song? Do you want to change the song? Or do you want to stay in the moment? All of those technical stuff. Okay, so anyways, this is how the roster looks like. North is more of a one man army kind of a thing. South we have a little more than one man. East and west. Okay, so this is how a worship team roster for APC looks like. Very simple. But that's what it is. So this is a huge thing. When I'm rostering teams, it takes me a solid five days to put together a roster. It's another challenge here is getting people's availability. Remember that I'll show you an example of what my roster message also looks like in the next chapter. But then so sending out the message and getting everyone's availability. We are a team of at least 50 people. Following up with 50 people getting their dates and reminding them to send their dates. And if I need a worship leader for a certain Sunday and if I don't have anybody, check with the two, three people saying, asking them, hey, are you free to lead on this Sunday? Are you available? And all of that. And if they say no, I have to check off alternate things. So making a roster is a very time consuming thing. So I asked Pastor Jay Kumar and he's so glad I'm doing it now. So two ways, some of the churches that approach this roster method is one is the team model and the other is a band model. So what is a team model? So some worship ministries run on the team model. In other words, they involve many people rotating between different leaders. And this is the model that we follow at APC. So every Sunday, it's not the same team that's playing together. There are different individuals and every month you will be playing with different individuals and not the same team. They involve many people rotating between different leaders, creating different bands, each worship service. So musicians get to know each other and get diversity in their experience. So this is very intentional as well. So this is the team model. And other worship ministries run on the band model, which means so they have say band A, band B, band C and band D. They have a set of musicians that will lead. You know, there's the same set of musicians that will lead every alternate week or every week or every one Sunday a month and whatnot. So that basically is what a band model is. And if you don't know which one to use and if you're going to be leading a worship ministry, see which model suits your church the best and pick that and work on that. The thing about having a band model is most of them will give their availability say four or five months in advance. And so they know, okay, this is when they are rostered and to be playing or to lead worship and whatnot. And so they can plan the other part of their life around that as well. Whereas the team model is more on a monthly based thing. So around, I send out a roster message on the 15th of every month asking people for their availability, the worship team members for their availability so I can start rostering them. The second point, the second task is kind of administrative and also pastoral is what we've already discussed in the previous point in your relationship with the team members. The second task is the task of pastoring your team members, which is also in line with nurturing them.  Right, you know, take the time to ask team members who seem to be carrying a heavy burden, what you can do to support them specifically in prayer or in scheduling and whatnot. So this building relationship is, it's nothing again complicated but just taking genuine care and pastoring them is crucial. And the third task is the task of meeting with your pastor. These are the daily tasks of worship ministry, remember, okay. And so the third task is the meeting with your pastor. So there are two kinds of meetings. One is meeting him regarding the vision and that will happen around say twice a year, right. You're meeting with pastor to discuss very specifically about the vision for that particular year in the direction that he wants to go on. And the other meetings are monthly recording meetings that will happen to just give him the update of what's happening in your worship ministry. The one point that we discussed is there is no such thing as over communication with your pastor. Okay, so that's what happens, you know, in this meeting, you can, you will also keep him updated via emails saying, okay, in the month of February, the month of March, this is what happened with the worship ministry. We went on a retreat so and so many people came. This is what we did in the, at the retreat, etc., etc. Okay, so the task of meeting with your pastor is one of the daily tasks of leading a worship ministry. And another task is again, by the way, if all of these points so far was not fun and exciting. Welcome to worship ministry. Okay. The fourth point is the task of budgeting and paying for resources. Okay, the task of budgeting. So again, once again, in the context of worship ministry. If you're planning, say worship retreat or worship team camp or worship team get away or arranging breakfasts or lunch or whatnot, everything is has to be budgeted, right? And an example here for if you're planning for a worship team retreat, you know, we need to plan ahead before that happens. So for example, I have to propose, I mean, I have to come back and, you know, plan and say, okay, this is the location, the venue where we will be having the camp. And so what is the price of that camp? Say, you know, it's a lack. And then how much is it going to cost per head? Is there a travel expense? You know, so you put all that in an Excel sheet and say this is the expected estimated expense. And so you send it to pastor by copying the accounts team and asking him for his approval. So you've made a budget, right? Or for another word, say for some of the songs that we record, right? Are you have seen battle cry on one? So for we need to put a budget for the video shoot. Once again, how much is it going to cost for the location? How much for the vendors? You know, there are so many different vendors. Are you hiring a camera? How many cameras are you hiring? Are you hiring lights? Are you hiring generators? Are you hiring lunch? I mean, catering for the people who will be there. All the small things, okay, the juice and the snacks and all of the details has to be in the budget. Having fun already. Okay.  And then, you know, and it doesn't end there. Your job doesn't end with splitting up a budget. You have to follow up with making sure that the vendors are being paid. The paying the resources. Right. That's another thing. What else?  And it will be, it'll look very unique to your church to, to your settings. So I just don't want to give a few examples of where I am at and just put it in a box and say, okay, this is what it know. But this will be one of the tasks if you are leading a worship ministry. And okay. So that's one of the things. And another task of leading a worship ministry is planning music for the week and year. Okay. Planning music. We're getting talking about music because worship ministry will is a huge part of it is music related. Right. So many of the most effective worship ministry leaders, I know are always sifting through the most fresh and appreciated songs out on the radios at the events and whatnot. So you're keeping yourself updated with what's happening in the, in the worship circle around the globe. What are some of the new songs that are being produced that are coming out of the fresh thing. So you're listening to it. And then, you know, that's one of it. And you start planning the year around it.  That's the process that I'd like to follow. So listen to many, you know, we have access to technology like never before. We have access to resources. We have access to songs like never before. Just 10 years ago, I couldn't imagine that, you know, some of the songs artists can be available, you know, in Bangalore or in India. Right. So how it used to work here is if we wanted a CD or of an artist. The artist would have released a CD like say five years ago and five years later it would reach us over here. And then I would read that CD or cassette. Does anybody remember cassette? He's like, wow, it's like gold. But now we have Spotify, Apple Music, all these streaming devices that is, you know, allows us to listen to music at our fingertips. So, you know, how you go about planning music for the week and the year is once again, let's say, you know, in line with the sermon series. Pastor Ashish is super organized if you don't know that already. Right. So he has the whole sermon series planned for an entire year. He's sent it out to all the ministry teams. He's like, okay, this is what it is. And he's also flexible.  But I say, even 60, 70% of it, if he does it, it works for us. So he sent out the thing. And now as a worship pastor, it's also my responsibility to put together songs that will, you know, what do I say, that will kind of reflect the theme of the sermons as well. So that's what's planning music for the week or the year will look like. In addition to a special Sunday, say, Easter Sunday, Good Friday, Christmas, New Year's, and whatnot. Right. So plan ahead for major services. So Christmas Easter, as mentioned, select songs early, suggest songs to your teams early. So that's one of the things that's one of the tasks, daily tasks of leading worship ministries planning music for the year. And the sixth task is the task of sharing in the wider pastoral work of the church, right, wider pastoral work of the church, hospital visits, funerals, weddings, purchases, premarital counseling. So there are two sides to this coin. You know, as a worship pastor, I cannot say I'm the worship pastor. So I'm not going to do, you know, go to funerals or do anything there. Or, you know, I'm not going to visit hospitals and whatnot. Why? Because I'm only the worship pastor. I take responsibility only for the worship ministry and whatnot. The wake up, you know, won't work like that. It's a beautiful thing to share in the wider pastoral work of the church.  So it is also your responsibility to share in the wider pastoral work of the church. And also secondly, let your other pastors and leaders know the time slots in which you can do other tasks. Okay, so there will be, you know, those who will approach you and say, hey, can you do this for me? Can you do that for me? And whatnot. So this is the other side of the coin I was talking about, right? So let your other pastors and leaders know that time slots in which you can do other tasks and the time slots in which you are otherwise occupied. And build steel walls around your plan time slots until everyone understands you're very, very serious about keeping your time ordered. Okay, so you guys understand, right? What the point is all about saying, okay, you know, you are sharing the wider pastoral responsibility and whatnot, but at the same time, not at the cost of not doing your work as well. Okay, so if there's another task that needs to be done, if someone is approaching you to do something else, are you very politely say, okay, you know, I'm free at so and so time, I can only do it at that time. Until then, I have to finish this work that has been assigned to me, which is important as well, because the work that you do as a worship pastor is only you can do that work. If you don't finish that work, nobody else will be able to finish it, right? Because it's very skill specific. You understand what I'm saying, right? I hope you guys are following. Okay, so the task of sharing the wider pastoral work of the church, one of the tasks. The seventh one is the task of honing your musical and leadership skill. The task of honing your musical and leadership skill. This I'm kind of teaching to myself as well is out of experience because worship ministry in general can keep you very busy, right? Because the work especially in ministry doesn't end, never ends.  You might get a message at 10 o'clock saying, okay, this family so and so passed away or whatnot, you have to be ready to just go and be present, be available. And so many examples like that. So ministry in general will keep you busy. And if you're a worship pastor, if you're also a musician, it is very, very, very important for you to keep practicing. You know, to keep honing, to keep getting better in your craft, right? David was skillful and it is his skill that made him stand before kings, right? It was so skillful that he made instruments. And so, you know, honing your musical skills and addition also to leadership skills is the way that you can improve as a person, as a leader, can you grow? Right? Because it always requires refining. Okay, so these are just some of the few tasks and my experience as a worship pastor that you will be doing in day to day scenario, right? Is there anything else you think that can be added? Okay, so very quickly, let's just go through all the tasks of earning a worship ministry. The first one is the task of scheduling, rostering teams, not just be the worship team, it could be multiple teams, different teams, the sound team, the media team, etc. The task of pastoring your team members. Let's not forget that, right? Task of meeting with your pastor and the task of budgeting, paying the resources, the vendors, task of planning music for the year and for the week, task of sharing the wider pastoral work of the church, the task of honing your musical and leadership skill. Okay? So that's the conclusion of chapter three and I think I'll stop here for today and I will resume chapter four next week. Yeah, is that okay guys? Yeah, I hope everybody's still alive with thanks for bearing with me today with all those interferences and the internet failing and whatnot. Thank you so much. Thank you so much pastor. You're welcome, thank you guys. You guys take care and see you all next week. Thank you pastor.


Tonight's story is about a treasure fake or real. It's a real treasure captain kids. No for Henry Morgan Not even Henry Morgan's no pirates, huh? No pirates. Sorry. Well, what kind of treasure you're talking about freedom? So that's the treasure and that's the story The NBC University of the air presents we came this way a new historical series for our listeners at home and overseas With John W. Vander Cook as the narrator we present chapter six a story of the struggle for the freedom of men's minds in We came this way This is a story of men who have no statues or memorials built in their native land for the heritage of freedom that they left behind Has been betrayed The time is the year of our Lord 1509 Europa stands upon the threshold of a modern age the shadowy shape of the world to come looms large Men's minds question the cold gothic universe of the Middle Ages and their senses like an astonished caress Discover the beauties of Greek civilization a wind blows across Europe up from the Italian south bright and vigorous Up from the rich silken cities of Florence Genoa and Venice up from fabulous Rome It comes a reawakening a blossoming an emancipation of men's reason the wind brings a new learning a new philosophy Humanism a new expectancy a renaissance Europa's stares like Lazarus come from the dead only 16 years ago in 1492 an obscure sea captain discovered a new barbaric world Out of marble and division Michelangelo fashions his Moses in Rome Galileo's machine brings the heavens closer to the earth look there goes Veselius the anatomist in Rotterdam a Rasmus argues for the translating of the scriptures into the people's town Copernicus Holbein Albrecht Dürer Sebastian The year is 1509 and the place Germany 16th century Germany a crazy quilt of a land an idiot Tom Tatars of armed and suspicious cities under the sovereignty of the holy Roman Empire and its emperor Maximilian the first Who by the grace of God and powerful feudal princes rules this land But the wind blowing from the south is blowing strong here Driving the darkness from the minds of men raising the enormous question of man's relationship to man and Throughout this fragmentary patchwork Empire scholars arise seekers after truth and foremost among them stands John Roy Scholar teacher and humanist whose life was peaceful and filled with quiet study until his 54th year Yes, I repeat You my students are more fortunate than I But before you in all its promise lies the immense discovery of the world As the unknown sailor Columbus did you approach a new and varied shore Behind you like a cathedral built to the universality of God Rises the wisdom of the past Take that wisdom and with it widen the possibilities and hopes of man Treasure the holy languages of Greek and Hebrew through which God first spoke to us Spread the learning we have won from them treat it as the heritage of man Until we meet again my students God bless you all Man is hope and the bond between them Combined in an indescribable.  I promise. I'll pay you back Pepper corn Oh, it's you from what brings you to the enemy pepper corn a love of the new learning my brother No, no, wait, don't go. I have no time to waste with poets and scrimmers. I have things to do So have we all Some for honesty pepper corn and some for treachery. I Would watch my tongue all right from Horton. It speaks its own mind my friend for the life of me I can't make a gentleman out of it wait What is it? How did you like good reichlin's letter pepper corn? He speaks well Is that the sum of your applause pepper corn? I have no talent for flattery, but fairness pepper corn fairness in God's name His words reveal a whole world to come and all you can find to say is that he speaks well There must be more there is Instead of holy Greek in Hebrew, I'd rather he spoke of holy German Me Lord Prince the danger is very great that I could have turned myself pepper corn this new learning is like a plague in the University at effort in fiber in providing myself an informer could have done better with an ass I know all these things pepper corn patience me Lord It will shortly come together. You come by along in dull route man. Well The peasants yoke is a heavy one me Lord. They still stand but they are restless Though without confidence or courage to do more than groan These humanists will give them what they like me Lord for their nonsense about the freedom a man's reason and Potentialities will sift and diffuse down to the mass and The time will come when on the strength of it a peasant who use this side to cut his hay Will use it for a bloodier cutting so So my lord I Found a way to cut down the tree before it blooms. Oh We will discredit them Discredit whom? No, my lord the bookworms How we will drive a wedge against their new learning by attacking their holy Greek and Hebrew Their holy Hebrew first my lord We will get more support for that. Will you speak sense man in the name of winning the Jews to Christianity? We will confiscate and burn all their books my lord And the fire we light Will burn the humanists But I will not be surprised my lord if in this We find them to be enemies of the church Evercorn your pardon. I have maligned your intelligence What would you have me do a mandate my lord Prince? Get me a mandate from the Emperor I Let us not permit sentimentality to rob us of our values, but these scanners and then a prestige my lord They are firebrands higher. They sow the sparks of our destruction, but this way my lord Sire Let us be frank We princes of the realm elected you to your throne and we princes keep you there Is this a threat? Oh, no sire, but If the floor beneath us rots away If our strength is slowly sep by this present danger When the time comes You and your throne may have no more protection than a common beggar in a public stocks Will you sign the mandate sire? Yes, yes, I'll sign I Max billion emperor of the holy Roman Empire After solemn can't play with my princes of the realm Do hereby command Albert? Archbishop of Mines Gather evidence on the subject of Hebrew books However, it would be praiseworthy and beneficial to our holy religion to destroy such books Further do I command that the archbishop secure the suggestions of the Yacobon hockstarten Victor von carbon and Dr. John Reuchlin upon this matter Such suggestions to be set in writing and given to John Pfeffer corn my ambassador in this matter Signed this day of our Lord by my name makes more of it than is there or Rick. Do I dr. Reuchlin? It's my suspicious nature, dr. Reuchlin and your cynicism. I find nothing ideal about Pfeffer corn What does the mandate actually commander Rick an opinion the suggestion and it leaves the gathering of evidence in the archbishop's hand? A friend to the new learn in 1500 years. We failed to convert them doctor I think it's a trap perhaps. I think that the princes are striking out at us and through you Why don't you leave cologne doctor go away, Rick? Truth has but a handful of champions as it is No If it is a trap, I shall try to be the only one to foreign I I Like the cornerstone of a great wall And on a bright November morning dr. John Reuchlin went to the archbishop's palace to give his opinion And in the great hall of the palace for crowded barons and knights and priests the giant tapestries on the walls Sturred with their motion Behold the miracle of Pfeffer corn doctor a Serpent sitting amongst grown men. Oh, really. This is a momentous event doctor. I see ambassadors of all the Prince Electors the inquisitor of cologne A monk or two. I don't trust The hall has more the look of a field of battle than a Congress of learned opinion Quiet Rick the archbishop my lord my lord Please my lord his highness the emperor max million Sends his good wishes my lord And begs that no malice guide us in our deliberations here this day Have peppercorn smile.  It formed his opinion before his brains my lord if you please my lord Your reverence My noble lord My opinion is brief and to the point I say the books of the jews be burnt We cannot hope to win them to our religion unless we destroy the root of theirs Burn each one The old testament the talmud the cabala Destroy them not only for the good of our church But for the good of germany for germany Doctor i see the fine Hand of our princes in this Yes, your reverence that is all the emperor's thanks my lord Now jacob von hoshtratten Your reverence I find no need to read my lengthy opinion Or the sum of it meets with brother von carbon's thoughts I too say Burn their books these assassins kill justice twice I am through your reverence the emperor's Thanks my lord That makes two opinions my lord Both for burning We have one more Dr. John working Are you afraid doctor you stand alone here? Do not worry They are you like a starved unpaid executioner dr. Hartman I am ready your reverence My lords I speak not here in hasty judgment For a man's opinion is an uncertain thing time the ultimate critic carpenter has proved him wrong And not alone time my lords But ignorance and the power of self-interest often colors the conclusions of men In this matter, I've tried to be impartial To come to it not like an unyielding enemy, but like an honest scholar What are these books that you would burn? Commentaries books on ceremonies on arts and sciences Poetry and fables Before a judgment can be rendered on these they must be subject to a careful examination Not piecemeal not by hearsay Not by hostility It is true my lords There is much that is contrary to our holy religion in these books But that is the nature of their belief a belief which is protected by law Yet Yet, there is also much of great value to our religion in these same books For example the carpenter The carpenter Is my opinion that this work assures us as none other of the divinity of christ Their commentaries my lord are invaluable or they help scholars Understand the old and new testaments more fully. It would not be beneficial or praise worthy destroy these books I stand My lord your reverence a word your reverence. What is it john peppercorn? I have a word to say it. Please your reverence. Well Hey lords For 30 years. I have fought as a warrior of our church But never Never my lords have I heard the anti christian life of this What have we heard from the lips of this learned man this advocate of humanism Is treason to the mother church? The pity amongst us is the imprithitor of cologne our guardian is much better I demand that dr. John breitland be seized and flagged before the imprithitor's court as an enemy of the church And thus the deferral princes strike their first blow against the humanist scholars of the land And the enormity of the plan the realization of what and who was the real victim Slowly seeped into the consciousness of the teachers the poets and the painters And for the first time in history men of goodwill came together to fight back Quiet quiet. Let hold by the painter's feet. Yes, hold by I say that fun hooten is right The princes are perverting the office of the inquisition They use it against us They threaten the whole development of culture in this land Roycland's not the whole culture. No, but what he stands for is the free inquiry after truth The right to explore his world and widen it with knowledge and with arts If they burn reichland they burn our prestige They bring back an eternal night for the bright day we've found They'll plunge mankind into a pit If he can't see it yet. Hold on draw a picture for us Let the olbrechtur draw I'll paint you'll paint hold on and dura will draw but for reichland And I'll sweat poems out of this pen of mine In melanchthon will give us tracks I say the pen is mightier than the sword brothers I say truth will batter down the strongest fortress in this land The words have a fine poetic ring will reach. What's the meaning? This We'll fight for reichland each in his own way but together And we will defend what is most sacred to us all Our ideals and hopes for the coming world The freedom of men's minds for the unhampered search for truth This we will fight for by defending reichland Our skill with words with pencil and brush will be fighting for ourselves Well I'll paint I will draw and I'll write tracks brothers We'll fight until the sound of our rallying reaches rome and they hear what's been done in this land May lord prince What is it peppercorn? May I see you privately milord? It cannot wait come this way It has only just come to my attention milord. What is it? This milord Look at it. The drawing by albrecht dura But this is you peppercorn in chains and you milord behind me And you milord behind me also in chains what?   I'll have them flogged It's not as simple as that milord They are all fighting that these these bookworms. Aye it is the miracle of the age The bookworms marching as one. I'll have them buried as one. Yes milord But meanwhile There are questions being asked in rome the poop and the cardinals These bookworms voices seem to have carried across the earth will they act in rome? I mean I do not know milord Then we must move swiftly peppercorn Brochlin must be a corpse before they do Will rome act your reverence? I I cannot tell ullriff my son will they permit such perversion of the inquisitor's office God just as smooths in inscrutable ways ullriff, but the prince's move as clear as air Ullriff forgive my heed your reverence But I see not roichlin and an honored natural death, but roichlin at the stake I have received questions from rome They are not asleep my son but time time your reverence time's running out What would you have me do the inquisitor is not of my diocese? I am aware of how monstrous is this thing the princes are doing My anger is as sincere as yours ullriff. I know that your reverence you've done much for us But you would have me do more. Yes What? Send the pope another appeal And the clamour and protest of the enlightened men of 16th germany For 16th century germany rose and gained strength and as a feudal princes of the realm drove on the murderous persecution with a renewed vigor surprised questions in rome became angry answers This is a monstrous act He provoked the offices of the mother church The prosecutors are the true enemies of the church Like a sword in battle the issue grew bright and sharp Would a massive door be clanged shut upon men's minds trapping them in the narrow medieval world The question hung like a headsman's axe over the future of germany and upon a spring day when enlightenment in this land Stood like a criminal before the inquisitor's court Rome acting the pope reserve judgment to himself My lord emperor his holiness pope leo the tenth As in his wisdom seen fit To reserve judgment to himself upon the charges of dr. John reiklin as an enemy of the church He appoints as his ambassador in this matter Myself bishop of spire Who alone is authorized either to free or condemn said john reiklin Prince electors are here your reverence. Let them come in the bishop will see you my lords Good day to you your reverence. Good day to you my lords I am honored by your visit. You know why we are here your reverence My judgment on reiklin. Yes I have not reached any as yet. He is guilty that remains to be seen my lord the evidence is conclusive your reverence What he said regarding the hebra book. I have not read it all your reverence Let us cease this playing The issue and the guilt are clear in our eyes and immediate action is necessary Our peasants grow restless with these fools words about the potentiality of man We are good christians your reverence But we're also princes of an empire We will defend our land and rights with all the strength we can command And your reverence We will defend yours the churches Be with us in this matter We will build you the finest cathedral in old germany It is as I have said my lords As yet I have not read all the evidence a gentleman to see you your reverence A von hurten let him come in The bishop will see you sir You are Ulrich von Hutten.  Yes And a very good poem too my son Thanks your reverence But but have I reached a decision? Yes your reverence What will you build for me you scholars poets and painters? Build the princes of the empire have promised me the finest cathedral in all germany If I see this matter their way What will you promise if I see it yours my son? A poem your reverence My feelings and those of hundreds of others Poured into a poultry poem I think God's justice my son likes the style of your architecture Best of all and in a few days the papal legate the bishop of spire render judgment I bishop of spire With full authorization from his holiness Hopefully owe the temp Find that the writings and teachings of john reuchland In reference to such books as the jews used as not being harmful to our mother church And further do I find john peppercorn Instigator of these charges Guilty of slander and fine him a son and the fight was won The attack upon the emancipation of men's mind upon the freedom of their reason was spoiled But only for a little while what began as a great promise was wiped out in the blood of countless peasants as germany from 1518 to 1648 plunged into a century of civil wars And after the final struggle the 30 years war the nation was devastated and impoverished The peasants in brutal servitude great provinces raised by fire and so on Science and art had fled and the great hopeful learning of the universities was replaced by narrow pedantic ignorance It was the dream of the feudal princes that ultimately won the land And because that dream is still murderously alive in germany today We comprehend how enormous is the betrayal of those early years That heritage of freedom left by the scholars the poets and the painters Stands like forgotten ruins in a lost land Yet because the fight for liberty belongs to the whole history of man Because it is the heritage of all peoples it belongs to us On the way we came these were the initial battles. These laid the pattern for our democratic world Thus we citizens and soldiers of this republic claim that heritage is ours The nbc university of the air has brought you chapter six of the new historical series We came this way Next week we came this way will present a story of the netherlands in the days of william the silent Tonight's script was written by rayful haze and directed by ira avery The original music is composed by leo kimpinski and conducted by militant katems The members of the cast were alexander scooby joe dissantis martin wilson Don morrisan marise torplin john martin david kerman john archer and gregory morton Your narrator was john w vandicoot. This is the national broadcasting company


So it's just getting to that level of understanding who they are as a person, you know, what their goals are for their business and how I can help them get to where they want to go or who I can connect them to. That's a theme we've heard is a lot of times when we're mentoring people and I've seen this too is sometimes we have to encourage them to think bigger. Yeah, definitely thinking bigger. I'm always thinking outside of the box.  Well, it seems to be paying off for you. So trying I'm trying.