One of the most powerful features of Emacs is org mode. Org mode is a form of markdown. It really is a powerful tool that allows you to do outlining and scheduling. And you can have these trees and subtrees within a document that you can fold and expand at wheel. Then you can create some really great tables. You can have source code blocks within a org mode document. And you can have the source code within those blocks evaluated. And you can have the evaluated source code. You can have that output directly into the document. Or you can have the output right to a file somewhere on your system. Really, org mode is Emacs's killer feature for most people that use Emacs. Like that's the one thing that separates Emacs from every other text editor on the planet. And today what I wanted to do is go through an example of how you rewrite one of your config files in org mode. So today what I'm gonna do is on camera, I'm gonna rewrite my Xmode add config in org mode. And I suggest you guys follow along with me. It doesn't have to be an Xmode add config. It can be any config on your system. As long as it's written in a proper scripting language such as Shield Script or Python or Lua or something like that or proper programming language, C, Haskell, E-List, whatever it happens to be. As long as it's written in a programming language. So, you know, simple configs like your i3 config or your Spectre WM config, they may not work because those particular config files are not written in a real language, right? They're written in a special syntax just for those particular window managers. But like your awesome config is written in Lua. That would work. Your Qtile config is written in Python. That would work. And of course my Xmode add config is written in Haskell and that will work. So all you need to do is pull up whatever config file you want to convert over to org mode, pull it up in Emacs. So let me switch over to my desktop and I'm gonna go ahead and open Doom Emacs. You guys know I use a distribution of Emacs called Doom Emacs. And let me go ahead and open up my Xmode add.hs. So this is my Xmode add config. Let me zoom in. And you know, this is just your standard Haskell document. And what I wanna do is I wanna rewrite this in org mode. I think it would be fun and I think it would make the document more readable because when you have a document written in org, when you upload it to something like GitHub or GitLab, GitHub and GitLab actually render org documents like the markdown, the org markdown that it handles all of that, it'll create the bullet points and the source code blocks and the table of contents and everything associated with org mode. So I think that is a really cool feature. So what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go ahead and open up a vertical split here in Doom Emacs. So Ctrl WV will give me a vertical split. And then I'm gonna go ahead and launch the DearEd file manager inside Doom Emacs. So I'm just gonna do metaX and then type the word DearEd. You could have also just hit space FD in Doom Emacs. And then I want to go to .xmode add. That is the directory I wanna go to. And then in this directory, Ctrl X, Ctrl F, and it says find file. What I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go ahead and create a new file. I'm gonna call this file, readmeandallcaps.org. And the reason I titled it readmeandallcaps.org is by default the readme's on GitHub or GitLab are readme, all one word, uppercase. Typically it's readme.md for markdown, but you can do them in org. You don't have to do them in markdown. So I'm gonna create one in org. And you see at the top I get title is readme. And that's fine, we could change that if I wanted to. And I may go ahead and just change it. Xmode add config. Then the next thing I wanna do is I wanna go ahead and do another line here. And I wanna do the hash symbol plus sign and then do property. And then colon. And then I'm gonna come back and add some stuff to that in just a second. We'll get to what we're gonna do with that in just a second. But what I wanna do is I wanna take all of my Xmode add.hs and I wanna paste it over here. And then we're gonna edit it. So to copy the whole thing, what you need to do, gg, get you to the very first line of your Xmode add.hs, then go shift V to get into visual mode and then do capital G to go the last line. Hit Y to yank or to copy. And then when I go back over here and hit P, it pastes it. And let me zoom in here so we can see what's going on in this document. Now to actually make all of this Haskell code actually be evaluated as source code. We need to create some source code blocks. How do you do that? Well, what you need to do is you need to type the less than sign followed by an S and then hit tab on the keyboard and you get a source block. Now the very first line of the source block, the begin source, you need to specify what language Emacs needs to evaluate here. And in my case, this is Haskell. So begin source space Haskell and then in source, I'm gonna delete the in source line there and I'm gonna go down here and where do I want this to end? You know what? This is the very first source code block. I will end it right there. Let's just do our imports. So these are the Haskell imports. Do I really need this opening section here, all these comments? I might actually need that stuff. You know what? Let me get rid of the split here. I won't need my Xmonad.hs again. So let's just take a look at the org mode document. I think what I wanna do is now, let me get back into visual mode. These are all comments. I will no longer need these comments as part of the Haskell code. They can be outside the source code block and anything outside the source code block is naturally a comment. So because it's naturally a comment, I don't actually need the double dashes. So let's get rid of the double dashes. They're not needed. They would only be needed if I left the comments inside the Haskell block. So let's start an outline here. So I'm going to do a single asterisk for a top level heading and I'm going to do Xmonad config. And then these four paragraphs after that are just gonna be comments after this heading Xmonad config. And then we're gonna have our source code block. Now the source code block here, what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna add another top level heading. This will be imports, escape. And if I wanted to, I could write a description for this. So I wrote a little description explaining to anybody that comes across this document exactly what these imports are. You know, they're just modules that you need to import to make your config work. And then let's get rid of some of the lines within the Haskell source code block that I no longer need. So I don't need those comments because now I have the comments up here, you know, imports and then this comment here. And then I have my Haskell source code block. And then that's the end of the source code block. And then once we get to the end, we need another source code block. So less than S and then tab. And then once again, we have to specify a language because it could be something different than Haskell. Now you could actually have source code blocks of multiple languages in one org document. Then you could have, you know, the output from maybe a source code block that's written in bash output into the document and use that output to evaluate something in a source code block written in elist, for example. So it doesn't all have to have to be in one language. And now in this case, everything in this document will be Haskell. All the source code blocks will be Haskell. So let me delete the end source line because I need to move it down to right there. And this will be our next source code block. And so this will be our auto start. So what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna delete that line, delete that line, I won't need it anymore. Let's delete that one as well and paste this up here. And now what I'm gonna do is create another top level heading, so a single asterisk auto start. And if I wanted to, I could give it a description. So I wrote a description explaining exactly what the auto start block here is going to do. Let's get rid of the unnecessary spaces within that source code block. And then I could make the next source code block. And to see exactly what I've done so far, let's go back to the top of the document. So gg, if I do a shift tab on the keyboard, you see it folds the entire document because every heading I have already created is here. If I wanted to unfold them, shift tab again, do it twice and it will unfold the whole document. But I've only created three headings here. I need to create more, because I need to create one for workspaces, one for manage hook, one for log hook, and one for main. So let me go ahead and do those really quick. So what I'm gonna do to speed this up, I'm gonna copy this begin source line. I know I'm gonna need it right here, right here, right here, and then one right before the main. And then I need the end source line. So let me go back and I'm gonna copy the end source line and make sure I have an end source to every block. I'm gonna paste the end source line everywhere it needs to be. Make sure I've got all these source code blocks straightened out. Okay, and now let's space it out here. So we know exactly what's going on. Space after that one, space after that one. All right, now we need to go back and fix the titles. So this is the beginning of a source code block, and you see I had these comments originally in the Haskell, but I'm gonna do a delete here. Get rid of all that. I'm gonna put it right here before the source code block and then get rid of that line. We won't need that line or that line. And then in this line, I'm gonna go ahead and create the top level heading. And then if I get into a visual mode here, I can delete. Those, add a space there. I don't like the space in the blocks though. Let's get rid of all the spacing within the source code blocks. All right, and then we need to go ahead and do that one more time here. So let's go ahead and grab those. Gonna go ahead and put them right there. Get rid of that line, get rid of that line. Get into visual mode, get rid of those. And then log hook here needs to be a heading. So I'm gonna go ahead and add some space there. Get rid of that space there. And the very last thing is I need to create the heading for the main, create the heading there. Now we probably should do a description for the main. So I wanna head and wrote a description for the main. And now I have every section has a heading, a comment and then a source code block. Or at least it should. Let me double check. I didn't do one for workspaces. I missed this one. Visual line mode, do a delete and do a paste. Then let's go ahead and add a single asterisk to do that. And then into visual character mode, delete all those unnecessary dashes there. Gonna go ahead and write just to make sure this document is saved because we haven't actually done a save yet. I don't wanna lose any work in case anything bad happens. All right, I don't need these extra spaces. Here I'm just cleaning up the document a little bit. But now I think it looks pretty good. And this actually only took me about five or 10 minutes here. If I do a shift tab again, I can fold the entire document and it looks really good. Let me unfold it. The only thing is we haven't actually told org mode exactly what to do with this stuff. It says begin source Haskell. Well, what's it supposed to do with this Haskell stuff? It's gonna evaluate it and then do what with that evaluation. Well, what we're gonna do is come back to this property tag. Now, you could actually do this to each source code block, but because I want this applied to every single source code block, I want the same thing applied to it. It makes more sense to do this globally. And you do it globally with the property hitting here. Do header dash args space and do colon tangle space. And tangle basically says with these source code blocks, I want you to tangle it to this particular file, meaning I want you to take the output and write it to this specific file. What do I want you to write it to? Well, I want you to write it to xmonad.hs because that is the xmonad config file. So I want you to take my new org mode documentation that I wrote here and I want you to output all of this stuff to xmonad.hs. I'm never going to edit my xmonad.hs again. All I'm ever gonna do is come back to readme.org and readme.org is always gonna take these source code blocks of Haskell and output it to xmonad.hs. It's just gonna write it directly to xmonad.hs for me. Now it actually hasn't done this yet. What I need to do is somewhere at the top on title or property, put your cursor on that and do a control C, control C that refreshes. So control C, control C does a local refresh and do me max spits it out at the bottom where it says local refresh. And then the next thing you need to do is run org babble tangle. Now you can do meta x to get a search prompt and search for org dash babble dash tangle. There is a key binding for it here in do me max control C, control V, followed by a T. That's kind of a convoluted key binding for that. I probably would have trouble remembering that particular key binding. So I would probably just do meta x and then search for the command org babble tangle. Hit enter. And at the bottom it says tangled six code blocks from readme.org, it puts it in the status bar down here in do me max. So it tells you it tangled those six code blocks to xmonad.hs. So let me do another vertical split here and I'm gonna open up my xmonad.hs. And this is my new xmonad.hs. Remember before it had all the comments and everything in it? Now though, because we've tangled it, what it did is it took the source code blocks of that and rewrote xmonad.hs based on readme.org. I hope that makes sense. And now all I need to do is for my GitLab, I need to add readme.org to my GitLab and go ahead and push that. So I went ahead and did a quick push to my GitLab. I went ahead and pushed my new readme.org. And if I go to the browser, go to my GitLab page here, go to my .files repository. And in my .files repository, of course I have .xmonad somewhere in here, that particular directory. And now you have xmonad.hs, of course. And now you also have a readme.org. And the readme.org, because it's a readme file, is automatically put here in the screen and it renders it as proper org mode documentation. Now, one thing I don't like is I didn't add a table of contents. I should go back and fix that. So what I'm gonna do, let me get back into Doom Emacs here. So over here in the actual org mode document, well, let me close this because we won't need to see the xmonad.hs anymore. Because the table of contents won't actually be rendered into xmonad.hs, it's not actually gonna be source code. I just wanna create a new heading. I wanna create this heading here called table of contents. And then do colon, T, O, C, all lowercase, colon, at the end, hit enter. And then if I escape and do a write here, it automatically creates our table of contents, right? We don't have to do anything. If I clicked on main, watch what happens. I go to the main here at the bottom of the config, the readme.org, the gg to get back to the top. Of course, now I have seven or eight sections to my config here. I did notice that for all my headings, I did them in all caps. So just for consistency, I will rewrite the headings here. I don't like that one's just being xmonad config. I will do that about this config. I think that's a little bit more descriptive. Let me write, let me go to the very first line. I'm gonna do a control C, control C again to do a refresh. And then I'm gonna run org babble tangle one more time. Let me do a quick push to my GitLab. And let me go back to the browser and let's just refresh my xmonad directory here. And now we have a table of contents. Now the table of contents will not work here in GitLab. If I click on main, it actually doesn't take me down to the main section of the config. GitLab only recently started supporting org mode readmes. So GitHub handles this stuff just fine. If I was on GitHub, clicking main would actually take me to the main section of the config. GitLab, they still need to add that particular functionality. Now if these were external links, you know, the links to some other file in my dot files, it would take you to those. It just has a problem, I guess, taking you to other subheadings here in this particular document. And that's it, that's a literate config file that is basically rewriting a dot file as an org document. All I ever have to do now is edit my readme.org. And that's it. And I think this is such a better way because now it's so much easier to work on, especially if you have massive config files because you can fold them and unfold them and fold certain trees, one tree at a time. You don't have to look at all 2,000 lines or however long your config is. Those of you that have massive configs because I've seen some of those Emacs configs that are thousands of lines long and some of you guys running Tiling Window Manager.  So once those things get several hundred lines long and certainly once you get into thousands of lines in length, rewriting it as an org mode document makes a lot of sense. Now before I go, I need to thank a few special people. I need to thank Michael, Gabe, Pablo, Nate, Corbinian, Mitchell, entropy UK, John, Arch5530, Chris, Chuck, DJ Donnie, Dylan, George, Louis, Omri, Paul, Robert, Sean, Tobias, and Willie. They are my highest tiered patrons over on Patreon without these guys this episode about rewriting your dot files as literate configs using Emacs in org mode. It wouldn't have been possible. The show is also brought to you by each and every one of these ladies and gentlemen, all these fine ladies and gentlemen. They're my supporters over on Patreon because there's no corporate sponsors here at DistroTube. I'm only supported by you guys, the community. If you'd like to support my work, consider doing so. You'll find DT over on Patreon. All right guys, peace.


Life on Earth has evolved to use nitrogenase as a way to convert nitrogen gas into ammonia, which can then be used as a source of energy. This process is essential for the survival of many organisms, including humans. Scientists have discovered that nitrogenase is an ancient protein structure that has remained unchanged since its origin over 3 billion years ago. They have also found that this protein structure is present in all living organisms today. Suggesting that it was likely inherited from our earliest ancestor. This article was authored by Amanda K. Garcia, Derek F. Harris, Alex J. Rivier, and others.


Hello and welcome to NewsClick. Today we have with us as we always do on Mondays. Professor Satyajit Raab and we'll be discussing a good news for our viewers that we have a new vaccine which is available to Indians particularly also to age group of 12 to 18 among children. We have a new vaccine which is available now to youngsters also 12 to 18 age group Zyder's Cadillac D vaccine. Satyajit, this is the first DNA vaccine in the world. What is a DNA vaccine and how is it different from the mRNA vaccines we have been hearing about which is essentially I presume are RNA vaccines. So we've discussed this over the past year that when we make a vaccine we are essentially taking a protein of the virus and showing that protein to the immune system so that it can make antibodies against it and there are two ways that we can show the protein to the immune system. One is make the protein in the test tube or in the manufacturing process such as with the Bharat Biotecho vaccine or the Novavax protein vaccine. Mix it with a little adjuvant and put it into the body. The other category is to put the genetic information code for the vaccine into the body for the protein into the body and let the genetic code for the protein be read by the body so that the body makes the protein the target protein of the virus and also responds to it. Now in that second category where we inject the genetic code of the virus protein we currently had so far two ways of injecting the genetic code remember the so-called central dogma of biology which is that proteins are coded in the DNA and then the code is read first into an RNA and then the RNA is translated into a protein. So one successful set of vaccines the NIH Moderna and the BioNTech Pfizer vaccines are actually RNA, mRNA is simply messenger RNA, RNA packaged and injected so that when it's injected it gets into cells and is directly translated by cellular machineries into virus protein that's the RNA or the mRNA vaccine. The other genetic code vaccine platform that we've been familiar with is the adenovirus vector-based platform where the genetic code for the COVID-19 target the spike protein genetic code is put into an adenovirus sequence the adenovirus is made and the adenovirus itself functions as the carrier of the genetic code. When it is put into the body it gets into cells and then all its proteins are made including the COVID-19 relevant target protein that we are talking about and this is what happens with the Oxford AstraZeneca serum Institute Covishield it's also what happens with the Gamalaya Institute Sputnik V and Sputnik Light vaccines and so on as also the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. The third way of doing it is a sort of in between you're going to just inject the genetic code rather than any adenovirus carrier but the genetic code consists of the DNA rather than the RNA and that's what the Zydus Cadillavaxine the so-called Zycov D consists of it's the DNA level genetic code of the COVID-19 spike protein target and that's injected with enough information there for the cells of the body again to take up the DNA that's injected and to first make RNA from it and then to make protein from it. So these are really small technical variations the advantages and disadvantages seem so far to vary so much that nothing very definitive about a given platform by way of advantage or disadvantage can be said but is it a different platform technology? Is it a different manufacturing technology? Absolutely yes and is it the first time? Absolutely yes although the DNA packaging is on license from I think an American small startup. What's called the plasmid sort of which carries the DNA into the body. A quick question for you here that when we talk about the DNA vaccine one of the advantages which has been talked about is the fact that it is stable at 2 to 8 degree centigrade and does not need the very high refrigeration minus 72, minus 80 degree centigrade which the mRNA vaccine requires therefore this is much more appropriate for a large number of countries then what the mRNA vaccines could do? Absolutely and that's a clear advantage of these so-called plasmid DNA based vaccines although the packaging technology is again the same sort of lipid and related technology that Zidus Kedela has licensed from somebody but the storage temperature issue is an absolutely clear distinction between the DNA vaccine and the RNA vaccine so far. However set against that are two points in the actual vaccination campaign context the first is this is a three dose vaccine it's not even a two dose vaccine so zero time four weeks later and eight weeks later is the current vaccination should you now you will recollect that even the two dose vaccines have been subject to an enormous amount of implementation logistics confusion and difficulties imagine just how much more trouble a three dose vaccine is going to be. So that's one issue a second issue is that is a little more interesting technologically this is a needle free vaccine yes but it's still an injected vaccine so is this an advantage yes it is in what sense is it an advantage well the needle causes more pain this is relatively less painful as an injection and number two the needle stick can introduce infections and this has a much lower chance of infection set against that it requires a specialized technology which means that if you if we are going to do this on a large scale then the additional ancillary supply chain and distribution chain and the logistics of an injector instrument for the vaccination campaign will need to be worried about so the three dose component and the injector are both going to be special difficulties exactly like the storage temperature and the painless vaccination are going to be advantages. The other interesting issue that I was looking at is when you look at the figures these are comparable to what I would say the Oxford AstraZeneca figures are in terms of protective immunity or whatever we can call it and it seems to be lower than the mRNA vaccines now are they really apple to apple comparable or are these figures just basically artifacts of the experiments that we are doing in terms of clinical trials. So I have been saying this for very many months to the point of boredom now that unless a planned comparison is made comparing numbers from independent trials really doesn't mean anything and let me use the Zidus Kedila example to give specific instances of that in the first place their trial has been over these past few months which means that in quite likely probability they that this vaccine has been dealing with a lot of the Delta variant. All the other vaccines were tested last year so this is pre Delta variant time number one number two if you look at the press release so far we are just dealing with press release information but if you look at the press release the press release says that mild symptomatic infection showed a 66 point something percent protective efficacy but it says without actually giving total numbers nonetheless it says there were no cases of moderate to severe infection in the vaccinated group which they in the press release are claiming as complete protection against moderate to severe illness. So if you look at all of this as far as I can see this vaccine falls in exactly the same category from these claims not from independent peer reviewed publications but from a publicity claim it falls in the same category as all the other vaccines broadly fall in unless we have actual comparison studies we won't be able to go much beyond that but I think we can be certain that severe illness disease and death will be as well protected against by this vaccine as by all the other vaccines which is an extremely useful addition to the COVID-19 portfolio of instruments. As we've discussed earlier that the what is the criteria for moderate what's the criteria for minor these are all issues of English which translated into concrete terms makes compare apple to apple comparison as Dr. Ratte said much more difficult so it is when you have a common set of protocols then you can really argue that yes we are comparing when it's a different set of protocols done by different sets of people with facing different conditions of the pandemic all of this makes these comparisons rather difficult all we can say is at the moment all vaccines protect against severe illness and possibility of death and at the moment hospitalization is what all of them seem to prevent quite successfully and that's what really matters to society not the fact that you might be ill and of course when we talk about being not severely ill that is not subjective in terms of that you're feeling bad really sick but in terms of the essentially what doctors would see in terms of your lung damage etc etc your oxygenation of the blood not that you are feeling sick as a dog which could still happen but that doesn't mean that you're seriously ill and as we know people also have different reaction to different symptoms some are laid down completely by a simple headache others can go around saying we are not we are not sick even when they're quite according to other medical criteria might be considered sick so these are all the reasons we make all the shall we say riders to our disc discussions here that when you compare you really cannot compare happen to happen in this particular way the other part of it this is 12 to 18 year olds make also that it could be given to them what makes this vaccine different from the other vaccines is it because they included children much earlier what is the reason that's all there is that's all that's really all there is keep in mind Praveer that this issue of safety that we've discussed repeatedly all the current platforms none of which are proper live vaccine platforms and are therefore safe safe for in all likelihood pretty much for everybody for the immunocompromised for the pregnant for the children for everybody nonetheless public policy should not depend on the immunologists speculations about likelihood of safety it should depend on actual evidence and data and children teenagers have been included and therefore it is appropriate to license it for children I'm I repeat again we've been saying in on this forum for quite some time that all the other vaccines should have been tested against these specialized risk groups and categories long back they are currently so being tested and as the data come in they will also be approved for children progressively younger and younger children so this is there is nothing special about this vaccine it's simply that the data seem to be available again we haven't actually seen the data the other part of it which is that scaling up theoretically that this I repeat theoretically is easier because you are not really looking at a co-vaccine kind of scenario where you're dealing with the actual active virus which you have to inactivate therefore your biosafety levels and all the care you need to take needs to be higher you have to see the virus really inactivated compared to this multiplication of the vaccine basically is relatively easier scaling it up is relatively easier and also handling it in biosafety terms is relatively easier so that gives us some advantage of thinking that it might be scaled up faster so you bring up an interesting point everything you said I agree with so I'm going to add a couple of caveats that might be of interest number one absolutely there are no biosafety issues with this vaccine unlike with growing the whole life virus as infectious virus and then inactivating it which is the co-vaccine situation but remember what I said about the three platforms the mRNA the DNA and the adenovirus the mRNA is really a rapid turnover manufacturer but it requires a great deal of specialized ancillary supply chains for at the industrial manufacturing level so for it to scale up as we've discussed earlier is more plausible in the global north than in the global south the adenovirus is completely plausible in the global south but you will remember that the adenoviral vaccine manufacturing batch technologies have had batch failures resulting in delays of supplies and the famous dispute between AstraZeneca and the European Union for example it was was one such delays in the Janssen Johnson Johnson vaccine also appeared to have been at some point because of batch failure delays this technology grows plasmid DNA in bacterial cultures rather than in actual human cell cultures which are industrially much more robust industrially there is much greater familiarity and therefore in a sense the plasmid DNA technology may I say we need to see actual evidence but may be plausibly far more robust than any of the other technologies for scale up now we still have to keep in mind that this is still a three-dose vaccine with with an injector and we have to keep in mind that what Zidus Kedila seems to be promising at the moment as a supply quantum is one crore doses and one crore doses is really just complete immunization for 30,000,000 people. Yes that's quite right they have of course promised that by December they'll be able to scale it up more but the numbers promised are quite modest given the scale of our needs so I was going to come to this point which you have already brought us that unless there is a really an investment of some kind which is larger than what they seem to be planning scaling up this is not going to be that simple apart from as you put it getting the supply chain working for a new instrument to inject the vaccine and for having three doses being able to coordinate all of that with the two months one zero 28 56 whatever that way it is done and that's not simple for a complex large vaccine campaign like ours which is where we seem still to be stuck the speed at which we are vaccinating does not seem to be commensurate the promise is made and by that as of date we are still below 10% in terms of people having received two doses thank you very much Satyajit for being with us explaining the details to our viewers and for those who watch news click regularly please do visit us also come and visit our website


Well, you actually have it on the agenda here already, but to dig in, so I thought that the audio enhancements that they offered were pretty compelling, and you being our audio guru, you know, the spatial audio, voice isolation, wide spectrum, all of that stuff. Then you mean the new AirPods enhancements? Well, no. Well, one. So FaceTime, they, you know, they said that there are new features, and yes, some of them are in the AirPods, so we're kind of crossing worlds here, but I thought that was kind of neat. I think it's all AirPods. I mean, the spatial audio that's in FaceTime is AirPods, right? Like, that's not anywhere else. It's not just FaceTime. Well, I mean, you need to have a device that represents the spatial audio to your ears. OK. And so the AirPods are that thing. And so, yeah, this is all the enhancements to AirPods, which I think is great to see that that they're adding that to more things. They're adding spatial audio to M1 Max, right? I'm looking at my notes here. Yes, spatial audio comes to M1 Max. AirPods, it's not an audio thing, but AirPods get better find my support. Now they are findable whether or not they are in their case, which tells me that's kind of like having an AirTag in your AirPods case ish. I'm not quite sure how they're doing it. My guess is that they're using the Bluetooth that's in the AirPods themselves, but that's fine if it can do it while it's in the case. A firmware update to the AirPods should be able to do that, which would be great. I can take my AirTag off my AirPods. Right. I mean, but if I remember the demo, they were showing the directional stuff working. So is there a UWB chip in the AirPods or in future AirPods? Directional stuff for finding your AirPods or directional? Yes. Oh, yes. Did they show that working? I don't. I thought they did. I thought they were like, hey, you want to find your AirPods and you lost them. You can, you know. Right. But it's just like with AirTags, you can. I didn't. I don't remember. It may well be. I don't remember seeing that. I just thought it was you can, you can do the, you know, play a sound on them and find them that way and you get proximity, but not direction. But I could be totally wrong.  I missed a lot. I'm sure we all did. Yeah. There's even more. There was the thing when you were talking about AirPods, there was a thing where they showed you could have your AirPods in your ear and you would hear people talking and you could turn in your ears. You could turn off the back somehow process machine learning, I guess, back turned down the background noise. So you're in a crowded restaurant with hard surfaces, you know, that kind of makes it hard to hear everybody around the tape. And then someone's taught. And if they're the directional thing, I think that if they're talking at you, there's like a it detects their sound coming directly at you and it filters out the stuff that's not coming directly at you. Something along you saw that. You know, it's the Bible. I mean, essentially, it's a bipolar microphone, right? Because you've got microphones on each air pod so it knows what sound is coming into both mics equally. It's interesting. Effectively, that's let's assume that's the person in front of you and let's filter everything else out. That I that's my guess as to how they're doing that. But but it's a great. Fantastic. Nature. Yeah, because they've had they've had similar things before where you can use your iPhone like that you you know, you slide your iPhone across the table and use the microphone on your iPhone to feed your air pods. And you can do that. But this makes it even better because it's just yeah, because the way less obvious, I think. I don't know.  You probably need to tell people what you're doing. Otherwise, they think you're listening to music. I'm on the phone with the with corporate headquarters in New York. Sorry. Sorry. That's right. The the only other thing that occurred to me is who has a person walking through the house with a leaf blower that I thought was a good demo of the like, yeah, the noise you don't. Yeah. How do you clean your kitchen? Yeah, yeah, I never thought of that. OK, yeah, there you go. I'll give it a shot.


Hi friends welcome back to my channel and a very special welcome if you're new here. My name is Jen I'm a certified weight loss and nutrition coach today's video is on a topic that I get asked about all the time I mean daily whether it comes from a coaching client a comment on YouTube Instagram Facebook in my Facebook group. I am asked all the time What is the difference between a weight gain and a weight fluctuation and how the heck do I know if I actually gained? Or if I shouldn't panic when I get on the scale because it's simply a weight fluctuation I want to deep dive into this with you guys today I talk about weight fluctuations a lot in my weigh-in videos if you're new to my channel I do a weigh-in every Friday and whenever my weight fluctuates I talk about what may or may not have caused that fluctuation and then when I actually have a weight gain I talk about what may have caused that actual weight gain and there is a Huge difference between a weight gain and a weight fluctuation So let's talk all about the difference and hopefully this helps you understand the scale a little bit better And helps you learn that the scale is probably the least important measurement of success on your weight loss journey So if you're excited give this video again a big thumbs up subscribe turn your bell on I upload five videos every single week Down in the description box. I will link nutrition coaching. I do offer personalized macros and calories I highly recommend this is how I've lost and maintained my hundred and forty pound weight loss And then I have one-on-one coaching for accountability to ask questions or if you really truly just need some additional support I have coaching available as well links and discounts to my favorite things and come join my Facebook group It's free. It's supportive and we would love to have you so let's jump into talking all about weight gain versus weight fluctuation Guess what weight fluctuation is? Absolutely positively normal and it's going to happen to every single one of us on a very regular basis on our weight loss journey Did you know that the average adults weight actually fluctuates between five and six pounds per day? It all comes down to what you eat what you drink how you sleep exercise hormones There are so many factors that play a part in a weight fluctuation versus a weight gain Now when we step on the scale and we see the scale go up We automatically assume that we've gained weight and weight means fat We assume that at the scales up.  You're eating anywhere from 500 to 700 calories under your maintenance So in order for you to gain a pound of fat or or in order for you to gain weight You would have to eat 3500 calories above your maintenance, which is generally in the 2000s So if you ate three four five thousand calories, then yeah, you probably actually gained weight If you didn't which I'm venturing to guess which again is 90% of us being in a calorie deficit It wasn't a weight gain or a fat gain. It was simply a weight Fluxulation so I really want you to take that in you have to eat 3500 calories above your maintenance in order to gain one Actual pound if you didn't do that guess what you didn't gain weight you didn't gain fat You simply had a weight fluctuation and I'll tell you weight fluctuations are way more common than actual weight gain Especially if you're involved in a healthy lifestyle if you're on a weight loss journey if you're in a calorie deficit It is very very very unlikely that you gain actual weight So the number one reason of a weight fluctuation is usually a result of food and water intake We know our weight is determined by the number of calories we consume versus the number of calories We put out if we're putting out more than we're consuming we're going to lose weight That doesn't mean that the scales always going to show that we may be doing everything right We may be in a deficit We may be putting out more calories than we're taking in yet the scale doesn't reflect that and that's because Of our intake of food and water and that's affecting the scale in a way that is a weight fluctuation again Not a weight gain so some of the main contributing factors relating to food That can cause the scale to go in the wrong direction is your intake of sodium and carbohydrates food high in salt and food high in carbs may cause your body to retain Water your weight may spike up until that bloating subsides now how you can minimize Water retention is really cutting back on sugary foods and processed foods adding potassium and magnesium Magnesium rich foods to your diet which are going to help prevent bloating and water retention Now there's nothing wrong with sodium and carbohydrates In fact, you should be having sodium every day you should be eating carbs with every meal But those are but they retain water now again This doesn't mean you gained weight right this means that you had a weight fluctuation based on the foods that you chose again High in sodium high in carbohydrates Also, I have to remember that everything you consume all food and drinks actually have some weight No matter the caloric value of the food or drinks that you're consuming They're all going to have some weight when you wake up in the morning You're typically at your lightest weight that is because you've been fasting at night You're typically in need of some water and some hydration So of course the scale is going to be the lowest and as we eat food and consume food during the day The scale will typically go up if you ever weigh yourself in the morning and then weigh yourself at night The scale is generally up at night That's because all of the food and drinks that you've consumed during the day have some weight to them What you have to remember is that healthier foods generally pass through your body a little bit more quickly So they may not show up on this scale as much as sodium Carbohydrates and processed foods may show up on this scale But again, you didn't gain any weight. You're having a weight fluctuation based on those foods You also might need to go poop.  Again, that is a mass in your body has weight to it when we get rid of these things our weight typically Changes again, you didn't lose fat because you went to the bathroom, right? You didn't lose weight because you went to the bathroom You had another weight fluctuation this time in the positive direction Those are some of the main contributing factors to a weight fluctuation Again, the food and the drinks that you're consuming But there are a lot and I mean a lot of other factors that can cause a weight fluctuation That you may be looking at as a weight gain another one is exercise Did you know that when you exercise whether it's cardio or strength training? You are breaking down your muscles and in order for your muscles to rebuild And to grow especially if you're lifting weights in strength training They become inflamed and retain water and retain water So when you get on the scale post a workout, especially the day after or even two days later The scale is most likely going to be up until your muscles repair and rebuild And shed the inflammation and the water retention But what you can do to prevent but what you can do to really help with this weight fluctuation is make sure you're drinking A lot of water flush it all out. Believe it or not more water helps with water retention I know it sounds counterproductive, but it's a real thing the more water you drink the less inflammation and water retention You'll have from exercise. I will tell you from personal experience. I am very very active I work out about six days a week. I can literally gain Gain three pounds overnight after a hard workout when I'm sore when I'm tired when my muscles are rebuilding I can actually see the scale spike up several pounds I never let it affect me because I know that I didn't gain three pounds in order to gain one pound I would have had to eat 3,500 calories above my maintenance and in order for me to actually gain three pounds I would have had to eat 11,000 calories Above my maintenance, so that means that I would have had to eat upwards of 13, 14, 15,000 calories the day before to gain weight That didn't happen. It's just a weight fluctuation based on exercise Another thing that can really affect your weight on this scale is medication There's a lot of medication that cause your body to retain water There's medications that increase your hunger and there's even medications that unfortunately can change your metabolism And not in a good way. I'll go ahead and pop up here on the screen Some of the medications that commonly can affect your weight can cause you to retain water increase your appetite change your metabolism If you think your medication is affecting your weight, I would definitely have a conversation with your doctor Maybe there's a different medication that they can prescribe you that doesn't have these side effects Most of the time medications lead to weight fluctuations not actual weight gain Now we know that steroids can actually have a negative effect on our weight Again, have a conversation with your doctor See what you can do to counteract these medications when it comes to seeing the scale move in the wrong direction Another thing that can really really affect the scale is your menstrual cycle You actually retain a lot of water at certain times during your menstrual cycle. Now this varies for everybody I actually talk a lot about hormones and how my cycle affects my weight and my weight fluctuations Everybody is different. So your how this affects you is going to be different for everybody But typically there's a period of time Prior to your cycle in a period of time during and after your cycle that your body just retains extra water And that's again when you see the scale go up Not because you gained weight but because of hormones and your menstrual cycle You're retaining extra water and it's another weight fluctuation There are also times leading up to during and after that you're at your leanness when you see the number on the Scale go down that is because that weight fluctuation and that retaining of water has subsided And now the scale is recording lower weight. Typically we see a big spike the first day of our cycle and then it levels out Thereafter just remember you didn't gain weight. It's another weight fluctuation Another thing is your intake of alcohol now If you follow me, you know that I don't consume any alcohol.  That just works a lot better for me My recommendation for you if you are on a weight loss journey is to limit your alcohol or avoid it all together Alcohol isn't processed by your body the same way as food in other beverages It actually takes your body longer to process alcohol It actually slows the digestion of the other food and things the other foods and drinks that you're consuming Which again can lead to retaining some water beyond all of that alcohol is basically empty calories Alcohol is a carbohydrate when you consume it it turns to sugar Doesn't matter the alcohol hard alcohol beer wine. It all has the same effect on your body Also, when we consume alcohol it can lower our inhibitions. Maybe we don't make the best food choices Or maybe we over consume alcohol meaning we're over consuming calories So it's likely that your alcohol intake would cause a weight fluctuation But continued excess alcohol intake in addition to food can actually lead to a weight gain Be mindful of alcohol on a weight loss journey. Another factor may be Illness now. We don't even take into account that an illness could affect our weight While conditions like underactive thyroid pushing syndrome and polycystic ovarian syndrome or otherwise known as pcos Can lead to unexpected weight gain diabetes and Crohn's disease are often associated with unexpected weight loss If you're experiencing any of these weird symptoms again, have a conversation with your doctor Have the appropriate blood testing and other testing to see if you have any illness That may be affecting your weight loss in a negative or positive way Sometimes when we're sick with things like a cold or a flu our hunger is less So we consume less calories and we can see the scale go down and that's just an effect of the illness Unfortunately when the illness is over and we go back to eating like normal Generally the scale goes right back to where it was But there are a lot of different contributing factors to weight fluctuations when it comes to illness Again, if you think you're suffering from something definitely have a conversation with your doctor So because weight fluctuates and weight can fluctuate five to six pounds every single day I want to talk about when is the ideal time to actually weigh yourself Most importantly with weighing in be consistent weigh at the same time Every single day or every single week my recommendation for you If you have an unhealthy relationship with the scale and what I mean by that is if the number on the scale dictates your mood Can ruin your day can make you have a good day can keep you on track can take you off of track Stop weighing yourself so frequently Focus on weighing yourself once a week or every two weeks Just try not to go more than a month without weighing yourself If you have a healthy relationship with the scale and you can understand the difference between weight gain and weight fluctuation I personally think weighing yourself daily can be really beneficial It allows you to see those weight fluctuations and to be okay with them to know that you may go up Overnight and know that that wasn't a weight gain It can really help heal your relationship with the scale and better understand the difference between weight gain and weight fluctuation You can even weigh yourself in the morning midday and at night for a week or so to see how your body changes and fluctuates throughout the day I personally weigh daily I weigh myself in the morning and I weigh myself at night And that just gives me a good baseline for my morning weigh in at night And a good baseline to see kind of what happened with my body during the day from the morning to the night And again, this is different for everybody based on your relationship with the scale Now there are also some different ways to weigh yourself How should you weigh yourself again to determine? Are you gaining weight or is it simply a weight fluctuation? The obvious answer to this is to use your scale That's going to be the biggest indicator of your actual weight weigh yourself on a scale that you know is accurate Make sure you're changing your batteries regularly if you get on the scale and off the scale the number changes every time It's likely that your batteries need change It could be that your scale is malfunctioning But you definitely want to make sure that your scale is accurate before you hop on You also again want to weigh yourself at the same time and you want to use the same scale You can also weigh yourself with or without clothes Maybe try it both ways Put on some clothes and see the scale go up and know that you didn't gain weight Right, you didn't gain weight because you put on a shirt and pants It's a fluctuation based on your clothing So I would recommend playing around with the scale a little bit weigh yourself with or without clothing So you can get a better understanding again of weight fluctuation and even more important than the scale Incorporate other ways of measuring and I really want to focus on this in today's video We've talked a lot about the scale But it like I said in the beginning that is probably the least important measurement Of your overall success now the scale is going to show you weight fluctuation It's also going to show you weight gain But what you have to remember is the scale measures mass It doesn't know what that mass is made up of is it water? Is it food? Is it carbohydrates? Do you need to go to the bathroom? Is it soreness?  So that is why I say that you have to really focus on other types of measurements to see the big picture And these other measurements in my opinion are way more important than the scale Because they're not just going to measure mass They're going to really tell you what that mass is made up of one side note that I also want to talk about Because it's a huge huge huge misconception in diet culture and in dieting in general And that is that muscle weighs more than fat It does not a pound is a pound a pound of flour a pound of sugar a pound of fat a pound of muscle It is all the same the difference is muscle is this big and fat is this big So muscle is more dense so it takes up less space So for example, you and I can be the same age the same height and the same weight and look drastically different If one of us has more muscle and one of us has more fat The person over here that has more fat is going to look a lot larger than the person over here That has more muscle because muscle takes up less space than fat Truthfully your ultimate goal And I know this is going to sound crazy and probably going to scare a lot of you But your ultimate goal is to replace the fat in your body with muscle So this pound of fat now is a pound of muscle Which means guess what the scale doesn't move but your body changes and your measurements change and your clothes fit differently And you look different aesthetically and I know that that's scary because we always think that what actually measures our success Is the scale that measures the true success of a weight loss journey I'm here to tell you that that is absolutely Not the case and I am living proof of that if you don't follow me regularly. I do away in every single Friday I share my weight. I tell you exactly what I weigh and how much I have lost for reference I am 5 8 and my weight fluctuates between 185 and 190 pounds Now I will tell you that there is not a single person in my actual life Someone who sees me in person that ever thinks I weigh over about 150 or 160 pounds That is because lean muscle takes up less space than fat and my focus is lean muscle Regardless of what that number is on the scale and that's why I say that ultimately that should be your focus as well Some other measurements of success are things like how your clothes fit You may put on a pair of jeans that was too tight and now you put them on and they are loose And you haven't lost a single pound or maybe you've lost very little weight That is body recomposition and again, you're replacing that fat with muscle Another thing that you can do is actually take your measurements Now, of course, you can take all of your body's measurements everything from your neck down to your toes But my recommendation for women especially is to take three very basic measurements Take your chest measurement around the widest part of your chest Take your waist measurement around the smallest part of your waist And then take your hip measurement around the widest part of your hips For women, these are going to be the most indicative measurements of fat loss and weight loss Now for men, you want to also incorporate things like your neck and your biceps and your thighs Or if you're on a fitness journey, you want to take full body measurements But for weight loss alone, it's those three measurements for women I will also tell you from personal experience that I have been basically maintaining my weight now for almost an entire year I lost the majority of my weight last year finished my weight loss I finished my weight loss journey up at the beginning of this year and have essentially been maintaining ever since But I will tell you when my three measurements are taken once a month at boot camp I lose inches every single month, but my weight doesn't change and again ultimate goal Hashtag goals replace that pound of fat with a pound of muscle The scale doesn't move but the inches do another thing you can do is treat yourself to a dexa scan or a body scan Now I had a body scan Almost one year ago actually last november and I have an appointment coming up a little bit later this month for an actual dexa Scan dexa scans are kind of like a cat scan or an MRI that same kind of situation And they are much more accurate than a body scan I'm at the stage in my weight loss journey in my fitness journey that a dexa scan is the next step for me And I have a lot of changes coming up when it comes to my weight loss and fitness journey So again, you're going to want to subscribe because I've got a lot of things happening and a lot of changes going on And this dexa dexa scan that I have scheduled here in the next couple weeks is the start of those changes So you can have a body scan or a dexa scan to really learn your body And this may actually be beneficial for you if you struggle with the scale Because it's going to tell you how much muscle you have how much bone density you have how much water you're retaining And how much actual fat you have on your body. It's very accurate Much more accurate than the scale and really any other measurement of success All you have to do is search dexa scan dexa scan in your area Most areas or big cities will have the opportunity to have one sometimes your insurance covers it Sometimes it doesn't for me. I have to pay for mine out of pocket And they range anywhere from about a hundred dollars to about two hundred and fifty dollars And one more fun measurement that has nothing to do with the scale is how about how strong you are How your endurance is how you can lift heavier weights how you can walk further run further How you can talk while walking I used to never be able to carry on a conversation while walking And now I can carry on a conversation while running Physical activity and your strength and your endurance are another way to measure your success that have nothing To do with the scale. What's the bottom line of today's video? What do I really want you to take away from this? There is a huge difference between weight gain Fat gain and a weight fluctuation Again 90 of those changes on the scale that you're seeing are weight fluctuations not weight gain 90 Please keep that in mind and remember that weight fluctuations are normal and absolutely nothing that you should be concerned about If the scale negatively affects you stay off of it focus on getting on the scale once a week every two weeks Just again, don't go more than a month without weighing yourself You want to keep your thumb on your weight You don't want to be in a position where you've gained five pounds then 10 pounds and 15 pounds and 20 pounds You want to be able to rein it in if you need to for me? I give myself a five pound window once I get out of that five pound window I rein it in so that I can again stay in that healthy window You have to also remember that weight maintenance is not a number. It is arranged You're going to have weight fluctuations in weight loss and in weight maintenance And again, it's completely normal and it should not affect you in the slightest And of course have a conversation with your doctor if you think that you suffer from any illnesses Or maybe your medications are negatively affecting your health journey There's a lot pieces that play in to a weight loss and a health journey The scale is just one very small part of your health and wellness journey It's definitely not the biggest part your focus shouldn't be the scale It should be your health your wellness your physical activity How your clothes are fitting up what your measurements are showing those should all play a bigger factor than the scale Now the scale does matter. It just isn't the only thing that matters Let me know down in the comments if you have any other questions on weight fluctuations Or do you have any tips on how you deal with the weight fluctuation?  It is not that important It's a box that measures mass. It is not an important piece of your overall health and wellness journey Thank you so much for watching friends and I'll see you next time. Bye


Today we're going to talk about seven small business network security tips on the journey. Now on today's episode we have a special guest, Alicia from Sokuri. She is the security expert to talk to us about these seven tips. Now I'm just going to let you dive in. What's tip number one? Tip number one will be to make sure that you're using really good hard to guess passwords for your Wi-Fi at home or at your work. Any way that you're connecting to the internet, you want to make sure that nobody else can get on to your network and then start to, you know, sniff the traffic. So password one is not a good password to use? Password one is really bad password. It like password makes the list every year for like the most compromised passwords. Essentially you want to look at three things with a password. They should be very complex. That means a mix of upper and lower case, symbols, and numbers. You also want to make sure that they're long. So the longer the better. Okay. More numbers, more characters, means more permutations for the password for a computer to guess and unique. You want to make sure that you're not reusing passwords for a lot of different things. So I need to be right back. I have to go home and change my Wi-Fi password really quick after those tips. So what's tip number two? Tip number two also related to Wi-Fi is to change your SSID. That's the little name of your Wi-Fi that you connect to when you're trying to pick the signal, you know, pretty fly for a Wi-Fi. The Wi-Fi guy or Bill and I, the Wi-Fi guy. Tell my Wi-Fi love her. That's a good one. FMI band number seven. For sure. So not only are they fun, you can have a little bit of fun with it, but it also sends a message to hackers that this person most likely has changed their Wi-Fi password. Maybe I'll move on to the next target. Another really great tip is to make sure that you're changing the login for your router.  Right on the box, right? Yeah. If you look on that box, there's usually some information about how to log into the gateway and change the settings for your router. So it's a little local website that only you can access from within range of your router. And it has a lot of settings in there, including the username and password, which if you leave that default, you're basically asking to get hacked at that point. The fourth tip is to also make sure that you're not broadcasting your SSID. So what does that mean? Yeah. So like it basically won't show up in the list of the Wi-Fi that you could choose. So it means it's just harder and harder for the hacker to try and find your internet access. You can't see me. Yeah.  And if you have guests come over to the house, it may take a little bit longer to make sure you're typing in the SSID and the password for them. But you can all do all that stuff from the router access panel you're talking about. All right.  And there are sometimes those public Wi-Fi spots. How should we really be protecting ourself there? Definitely. Public Wi-Fi is definitely something you want to be aware of. Your device will automatically connect to the closest Wi-Fi signal. So you definitely want to disable that on your mobile phone, your laptop, because the closest signal may be coming from a hacker who has a fake wireless access point. These are actually not that expensive or difficult to set up. And they could still be getting internet access, but they're also looking at everything that you're looking at on the internet and can steal your passwords and that kind of stuff for your website. Not ideal. In the same vein, you also want to make sure you're using a VPN. Okay. What's a VPN? Yeah, a virtual private network is usually a paid service that you can use to connect to a proxy server so that all of your traffic is going through there instead of the wireless network. And it just makes it encrypted so that nobody can sniff on your traffic. So my tip number six would be to make sure that your antivirus is updated. This makes sure that you have the latest virus definitions to catch any emerging malware or attacks as they're out there. Okay. Not just for your computer, also for your mobile device. Make sure that you're protected and you have a way to block any attackers from getting in. Now, I know with the computers, there's usually a default antivirus. Are we just okay with that or should pay for antivirus? What does that look like? You know, go with the reputable ones and see what's out there. I am partial to malware bites. There's also some really good ones out there. Some of them are better at catching like newer variants of malware, but they're getting rid of older stuff in the database. Casper Ski is another really good one, Bitdefender.  And you know, if you stick with the one that's default installed, that's okay too. It's not a terrible idea to have a couple different options, although you only want active protection on one antivirus. So, what that's doing is it's scanning everything and coming to your computer kind of like a firewall. And if you have two of them doing that, they're kind of scanning over top of each other and it can really slow down your computer. But you can have as many antiviruses as you want as long as they're just for scanning every once in a while and you have one that's actively protecting you. And now we're on the final tip, tip number seven. What's tip number seven? Tip number seven is backups, backups, backups of your backups.  You want to have multiple copies in different locations. You want to make sure that they're automatic if you can because, let's face it, we don't remember. We forget. Totally, right? I forgot what I had for breakfast. I know. I'm terrible with my photos. My photos are not backed up properly right now, but I know, I know. But you know, there's cloud storage, so it is easy to do for a lot of this stuff. But you want to make sure it's in a reliable location and you want to make sure that you've tested your backups. So ideally, you know how to restore them and you've tested that it actually works. Trust, but verify. Exactly. Preach.  You don't want that to happen. Have those backups. Doubly important for your business, right? Yes. Totally. So there you have it. You've learned seven tips for your small business network security. We have again our special guest, Alicia from Security. Thanks for coming on the show today. Thanks, Justin. And if you've learned anything, go ahead and add that comment below on what you've learned. Smash that like button and subscribe to this channel if you want to see these videos first. This is The Journey. We'll see you next time.


Hi there and welcome. I'm the Technician Project and today's tutorial is going to show you how to do a constant bits rate at 128 kbps in GarageBand.  If you enjoyed the video today, please leave a like rating and subscribe for more Thank you for watching and see you next time


Alright, I'm Neil Drum. I'm the I guess technologist for the Drupal Association and one of my jobs is to help our improve the infrastructure for community contributions to Drupal.org So in general like the best place to go for this is Drupal.org make Drupal.org awesome and Since the big redesign a few months ago You know, we've been continuing to improve our tools for developers to come and contribute to Developing and site building on Drupal.org And yeah, we just want to get the message out that you know You can go and work on Drupal.org and work get more stuff done so The main thing we have technically is Development environments and that these are full copies of actually these are Partial copies of Drupal.org. We do a couple things we remove any personal information. So There's no you can't get people's email addresses or anything else out of here and also Drupal.org is kind of big so we get rid of things like forum posts older than I think 90 days Just so it's a little bit easier for us to move stuff around and Yeah, there's all the instructions there you can read through them Whenever and what happens on our end is Yeah, so this is Jenkins. This is what we use to manage lots of shell scripts basically and run them So we have these development environments Is this loading? No, it's not So we actually have different sites that so any of the sites work for this These five are the ones that we have working so far the others need a little bit of work to get started but They all work So tests So this will build out track Norse approves of it It takes about I Did one of these earlier So that takes about 28 minutes and since I did one earlier we have that so this is running right here and it's You know Drupal and that sort of reduced and sanitized database with everything you need to Work on it and there's an issue a lot of this stuff that happens on Drupal.org is in this Drupal.org customizations module just like any other highly Customized site Yeah, we have a bunch of hacks piled into this module just to Work with everything that we have going and there's also a custom theme So here's an issue for that tweak the footer there's Right now Good example is like Drupal con Chicago in London. We Chicago's like kind of in the past and we want to advertise Denver so Lisa Rex that been helping out made a patch for this and So with these sites you get SSH access you can just go over to staging VM dot Drupal.org and You have a directory full of the usual Website stuff it runs be our version control system is BCR for this It's not get because this is a module on Drupal.org. It's the whole website. So it doesn't need to be the same Yeah So and we might we're thinking moving it to get but you know it's bunch of work And Sam will probably talk about that So sites all modules Drupal.org And You get that patch. That's not the patch is it? Okay, so that's applied to BCR knows about it And let's just make sure it works because that's always good and this is on a virtual machine in At our hosting company All right the OSL Oregon state lab so it's a little bit underpowered we have bunch of these development sites piled on here about one year 30 but you know it works and So yeah, the first change a little bit Drupal con looks to List of all the Drupal cons so we don't have to go through this ever again for updating the Drupal con and There's a couple other other good changes in here So that looks good Drupal org is just a regular module so Here's my checkout of it Let's make sure there's nothing going on Okay Get that same patch. I'm on a Mac It's a curl Yeah And the same thing there and yeah, that looks good. It's regular get diff. It's a little bit nicer than the VCR diff And the reason we hit we have all this footer stuff in code rather than In configuration which you might do on any other site is because we actually have about You know five or six sites. They all have the same footer. So we push it out through code That's a lot easier to manage than configuration So commit that Push it Or Get push it and then we go Then myself or or Sam or any of the other people helping maintain Drupal.org can go back into Jenkins and Work on this or actually deploy this so We can update that we use vendor branches just to kind of keep track of you know Occasionally do hacks to modules. We really try to avoid it, but you know it happens so Dev is what we why just committed to and yeah, we've basically automated all of the VCR stuff So just we don't have to deal with it And this is our kind of tool chain for Getting any module onto Drupal any of the Drupal.org sites While that's running I can say Looks good and So that committed it's actually fixed and We use a tag needs Drupal.org deployment for anything that's kind of already fixed in the module and Ready to deploy so and this should have finished and And This is my local copy of or local checkout of Drupal.org. I actually haven't done any local development on Drupal.org Lately all of the stuff on the server kind of just works and I Don't have to deal with picking out how I just got a Mac recently I have to deal with picking out what they do differently about everything PCR up so That's you know all the info changes info file changes since we have timestamps in those and I Don't see anything else that I might be deploying that I don't know about so I'm kind of comfortable with this change So let's go ahead and change go ahead and deploy it Yeah, we've used BCR or we've used Jenkins very heavily lately build that We don't need to update DB or anything And hopefully this doesn't bring the site down Yeah so all this is doing is really running BCR up and Like Jenkins Jenkins is a great tool. We don't have to remember any of this because press the green buttons And that should be just about done. Let's see what it did There we go Okay, sites still up footer changed. So You know point is we're getting really good at the kind of Drupal deploying Drupal changes and Any kind of very Anything straightforward is of course doable. We had a couple of good changes that went out last About a month ago at this point, maybe a couple maybe three or four weeks the API change nodes that's Let's see Drupal core Hopefully they're using them. I actually haven't looked at it too much and Of course the issue summaries So yeah down here view change records and Really most of the time spent on this Jen who introduced us Did a lot of the development on this and I think most the correct me if I'm wrong But most of the time was spent going back and forth about how this should actually work and there wasn't You know Yeah, so yeah, it's regular Drupal stuff views This is content type And most of the time was spent going back and forth with a few people figuring out what should the fields be? How should this be a work? So, you know the more straightforward the changes less discussion it needs like faster, it'll get done. So We're getting decent at this sort of thing and Yeah, if you have stuff that needs to be changed and you have kind of a plan head over to Head over to this URL and kind of get started and like figure, you know, there's I Kind of went through this pretty quickly, but you know that Help us out and but that doesn't solve like the high-level stuff. So we have a couple other things He's gonna talk briefly about prairie and You know kind of some more high-level planning and Sam is gonna talk about Improving this infrastructure because right now this is good for Drupal changes But if you want to say do something different on a get commit, there's no these aren't really hooked up to get in any way I do one. Yeah, yeah Um, wait, just which one do I do it has to be turned on better Excellent. Okay. I I don't have any slides for this But if you want to see slides, you can come and see about an hour of them immediately after this over there Well, I understand there's a lot of interesting stuff going on here this afternoon as well. I My name's Lisa Reichel. I am a user experience person I worked with Mark Bolton on the some of the I think it ended up being called blue cheese Theme for triple org and on some of the d7 you act stuff I've got a lot of unfinished business with Drupal org in that our design time frames were really small the kinds of things that we got to look at We're just tiny compared to what we really wanted to be able to look at and All just about everything that we did was kind of outwards-facing in terms of trying to explain Drupal to people Who might potentially want to use it? Areas that we didn't really get to touch on at all were how do we get people into the community who are coming here? thinking about how they might want to contribute and participate and also how can we make it a better place to support the community actually Working on Drupal make it a better place to be a contributor I think Drupal.org has got a really huge role to play in in both of those Goals making it an easier way make it easier to get involved and to become an active contributor and also just generally for it To be a better place to contribute I speak from the perspective of somebody who contributes not very often with code not ever I think to Drupal with code the kinds of people that Dries was talking about and his keynote that you know marketing people and the Product managing people and the kinds of people that I think you know like it or not you're gonna need more of us in the future It's it's tough for us to find a place on Drupal.org and connect with other people and Kind of start doing the sorts of work that we need to do I know that that that's not unique to non-coding people. I know it's a really shared thing. So anyway, I started talking in Chicago about something that I call the prairie initiative and it's not an official capital I initiative. It's a small I initiative And it is basically it's not a project It's like a family of projects a family projects that share these two common goals of trying to make Drupal.org A more inviting place a better kind of onboarding experience for new contributors But also just a better place a more effective place to be a contributor as well So we've been working over the past months since Chicago on trying to identify what sort of projects that involve so we've been doing some work on a Few things that I think are interesting and crossover with stuff that the community has been talking about for quite a while One of the areas that's most developed at the moment is one called we're calling it topic pages So it's basically pages that you can go to that aggregate all of the activity Across the the suite of stuff going on in Drupal to do with a particular area that you're interested in So for example, I would be joining and following the user experience one You guys might join and follow kind of different ones to that We've got a sort of a draft list of about a dozen of those at the moment That they'd be a dozen that we would be kind of trying to point people directly to as good entry points But then beyond that, you know, there's no reason why any tag couldn't potentially become a topic page So it's basically an aggregation page of all the activity on a particular topic that you're interested in that you can Then follow and go back and kind of keep up to date with what's going on So tied into that is this idea of notifications So I think one a problem that a lot of us feel is that you have to just be like completely connected to Drupal all the time in order to be able to keep track of what's going on And that's that's a problem for people who can't be committing that kind of a time basically anyone who's got a life Most of us, you know So we need to we need to be able to find ways to make it easier for people who can't be constantly connected To be able to keep up to date with what's going on and to do that in maybe a more efficient way I think there's lots of ways that we can do that This kind of for me this encapsulates the whole subscribe to issues thing and just making that a lot less dumb than it is at the moment But it's other things as well It's being able to get like kind of digests of what's been happening in a day of stuff That's relevant and interesting to you across all of the different Parts of dribble off from groups to issues to you know Maybe even I see on particular topics and keywords that you're interested in so we're kind of exploring that at the moment looking at Things like profile pages as well You know if you're if you're new to the community There's there's two things going on first of all people are looking at you Wondering who you are and where you've come from and what you know and what you can contribute and I don't think the dribble dog profiles Give us a clue about anyone until they actually start committing stuff And you know if like me you don't commit a lot of stuff You don't know anything about me and then by the same token I don't know much about you either if I'm a new person coming into the community now Our profiles don't do a hell of a lot of explaining who we are and who's who and Where what perspective we're coming from when we're talking about things that we're talking about That's they're really important in terms of helping make drippler more kind of collaborative Civilized placed to be working. So that's another one of the areas that we're working on. We're looking at Just let the whole kind of onboarding experience So if you go to dribble the org with the kind of an inspiration that you want to come in and help It's it's tough to find where you go and how you actually do get involved and that you know There's a page if you find a called the getting involved page and it is a wall of text You actually have to fight really hard to find a human being anywhere on the site That's kind of nuts. I think given that, you know, if you find the right place There are thousands of people doing all kinds of incredible things. So we want to Find a way to connect people to their potential peers much more quickly And also and interestingly this is the kind of this is the thing that really set me off on prairie to begin with the issue queue It's we just want to kind of look at ways that we can make it a little bit more efficient than it is at the moment but also look at other types of spaces for different types of of Collaboration the issue is really great for here is a problem. I think I know how to fix it. Let's do it It's not so great for I've got this user journey of I'm a new person coming to the site and here's my problem Kim How do we explore the best way to? to support that journey really well something that's a little bit kind of bigger and Which is gonna ultimately roll out into a whole lot of different pieces of work that need to be done But need to sort of stay connected as well We don't we don't really have that groups kind of ISC Can be great for that if you're there and if someone kind of records it later But I think we can do a lot better in that respect as well So they're the areas that we're looking at working on right at the moment and having a better infrastructure For more people to be able to chip in and work on it more easily is going to be really helpful with that But you know as ever it's also kind of a matter of time So yeah, that's that's parry if you're interested in that feel free to kind of ping me or come over to the session that we're doing next So and we have Sam who's been thinking about getting these moving this from running BZR piled into a Piled all onto a big virtual machine to something a little bit better Oh This will keep me from like waving my arms too So as with most things that I do I'm terrible at giving a big overview, but I can tell you a story So the get migration From like January mid-January to when we actually launched at the end of February. I I did not do anything, but they get migration. I mean that like I woke up. It was get migration all day I was on the phone four hours a day at least with with the project manager for it most Anderson who's not here unfortunately and And then you know, I would go to sleep and then and I'd repeat it all again. I had about two days off in there The real reason that that was so important didn't actually have to do with the amount of work that was needed to do it had to do with a Fact that I was the only one in a position to actually declare the sanity of everything that we were doing I went to dinner once like in that like I left for two and a half hours And I literally came back to like this guy is falling everything's broken We have to be like we're a month out at this point people like we have to push it off by month They come to this conclusion in two hours My point here being That the real reason we had that issue is because it was completely impossible for us to actually get functioning remotely representative development environments for individual people who were helping with the migration Everybody was run through the the get dev that we were running if people remember that You would rebuild that and you know people would poke at it and whatever else But like it was this big shared environment and it was impossible to build anything local and So, you know for situations as Neil already ran through the system that we have for For setting up stuff that's basically just code base plus database and if that's all that you need then that system works very well But it's not all that we need I mean in order to actually test anything related to get you need the full complement of get repositories Those need to be on-desk. There's a bunch of Internal servers and services that you have to be able to provide that stuff is not stuff that could be encapsulated by a simple Dump process. So I looked at this and said we need we need better QA. We need better QA in general on Drupal.org You know right now. We're sort of dependent on individual infra team members having enough time experience and and Mental latitude to look at any given change that's coming in and saying yes, that will work fine. We don't have any kind of automated testing that ensures that We're not having regressions on Drupal.org when we when we put things out We you know deploy something and exactly like Neil just said he's like that looks fine. That's our process so I looked at this sort of need for better QA the need for individuals to be able to set up real environments on their local systems and And And all that and I said okay. We could we could we could do something better here Also clearly the real reason that I want people to set up local development environments is because I'm lazy and I want other people to Do the work Let's just let's just put that out there because that's obviously what I want to have happen actually is true I I need help I need more people to work on get stuff and I can't I Can't ask anyone to do it right now really like they're like one or two people who know some of the specifics of Some of the pieces and they have some access to infrastructure so we can tweak at it, but apart from that no so I Have this proposal that's been cooking since the middle of the summer to Create a system where And I should I'll spare some of the details at least but basically create a system where you install set up virtual box locally set up a Ruby library called vagrant which built on top of virtual box and Download about I don't know three five ten gigs of crap But at the end of it you have a cluster of VMs on your local system that represent a real d.do production environment and actually Accurately represent a real d.do production environment as as much as is humanly possible. So you're using sanitize data You know to the extent that we have to and you but you have a real set of get repositories you have The the cute little ssh demon that we run to actually manage all of your good pushes you have your own version of that It's all set up. It's all configured all the configuration is managed by puppet So we would We'd take everything that we do on Drupal.org We'd move it into puppet and we would use those to provision your local VMs And then the puppet repositories that we use to actually drive that are also available as part of the VM cluster So you can work on anything from the lowest levels of infrastructure up to simplest things entirely on your local system on a plane With this whole thing Kind of a holy grail. Sure. The other the other benefit here though is that I mean if we do that then we actually create some some clear contribute back mechanisms If we've expressed our entire infrastructure and puppet then it means you can look at the puppet configuration to figure out What maybe needs to be changed instead of having to ping nine different people in infrastructure having no idea where the problem might be it gives us a public place that we express it if This plan would also probably mean yes moving on moving our Web trees from from bizarre into get and If you want to contribute something back on Drupal.org you have a full representative Drupal.org site tree similar to what you are actually the same as what you have Now on staging VM, but I mean we would probably do that and get It's a larger project clearly to actually do this the other piece of it would be Well the two other pieces that would really be required or we would need to If we're going to use puppet then it means that we need to use puppet consistently across the entire infrastructure So we use puppet to provision these local VMs. We also use puppet to provision any To provision our real production environment. That's really where the real value is if we're using the same configuration management system Sorry, who knows what puppet is I apologize. All right puppet is a configuration management system It's a system for provisioning boxes You put the right packages in the right places and boxes become able to do stuff automatically, you know run one quick Puppet script and then it goes from a bare metal box into a fully functioning d-to-dwebhead or utility server or something like that It's the basic idea So if we if we Use the same puppet scripts to manage the local VMs to manage our production environment also potentially amazing to to create Real staging environments within our infrastructure that we can use to create a CI suite So when patches actually come in we can like run Selenium against it and make sure that we haven't broken some crucial part of the site all of this is is Part of the proposal as I see it's a few discreet different Few discreet different tasks that in my assessment we want to fold into a single proposal bring to the DA try to get some funding for and have you know a team of people actually work on this put it together and make it happen if you want to do them all at once because If we don't do them all at once then other things will sort of peter along for years like like they do but if the goal is to be able to give people a Basically a set of commands install vagrant install virtual box Copy paste the set of commands four hours later. You're gonna have a fully functioning local environment fully functioning local environment Then it really makes sense that we also invest the effort in creating a CI infrastructure so that we can better run people's patches through You know a testing infrastructure and have some ideas to whether we should reject them or not And we also really need to convert our infrastructure to use puppets so that what they're using locally best reflects What we what we have in production? But this is the goal I Am interested in in like I said in making an actual proposal to the DA for this and saying let's make a budget for it Let's find some people want to work on it if you have any interest in doing this, please please please please please please talk to me I'm trying to put together You know a group of folks who have experience in the relevant areas to work on the different bits We can spec out our own pieces. We'll put together a team. We'll make this proposal and we'll make it happen So, yeah, the Drupal Association is thinking of doing kind of grant program for Drupal.org and need to figure out, you know, the structure to hand out that money Figure out what the priorities are and We're just kind of in the early planning stages of that so we need to we need to figure out a Basically a policy and like what our priorities are basic stuff like that And that might kick off, you know, realistically probably sometime next year So, yeah, if you have any ideas around that I'd like to hear about it one other big thing that we should do at some point is upgrade to Drupal 7 and The upgrade to Drupal 6 actually happened kind of at the start of the when the so When the Drupal.org redesign kind of kicked off for implementation, we were still running Drupal 5 that was At least a few months of not a year after Drupal 6 had been released. So We spent few We did a sprint to upgrade to Drupal 7 or to Drupal 6 and that worked out pretty well it Anyway, yeah, we had about 10-12 people working on upgrading stuff and Yeah, we should do the same thing at some point. Hopefully later later this year But that's also not scheduled yet But we should do it in person sprint and you know, do the major upgrades and Then yeah, spend about a month testing things make sure everything works because it is a big site with a lot of moving parts and Yeah, project model any sort of custom code. There's actually Have to do this All of our custom code in Drupal.org Project module version control. Oh, yeah At minimum. Yes, all of our custom code in Drupal.org project module version control and that's sweet Although, I mean, you know that that's my responsibility. That's a relatively painless upgrade path I back ported the energy system basically. So we just go right forward on it um What else some smaller things stage key does have a newer version, but multiple email does not a Sort of functionality Yeah so the best thing to do right now would be to work on all of these modules and Ideally, I mean, so there's modules that work as independent modules. I think most of them Of course the big stuff like CCK and views those are already working And anything you can test independently Let's see Like I paranoia about halfway down the list That's a good example of a random module that you can test on any site and you know should work as good of a mod It's a module for any site. So it needs to work for everyone So that's good to work on Other stuff would be kind of like paying down technical dot sort of stuff and You know clean up to a board module has a bunch of stuff kind of piled up into it and you know Actually the subscriptions for project issues that would help out a bit because that would take a chunk of code out of project module And put it into a more standard subscription thing that hopefully it's a module that works in both six and seven pretty well And Yeah, I think right now the best thing to focus on is kind of getting stuff organized So the upgrade itself is as painless as possible and Yeah, after that we'll probably do a little bit of special infrastructure for Well, we'll probably do a separate to do some integration site that's running Drupal 7 and grabs a new copy of Drupal dot org every day and runs the upgrade overnight every day and we can See how it's actually working In the course of the get migration The more that I looked at project and more that I came under the impression that we've all been you know This is never gonna happen, but I'm gonna say it anyway I think the project module could actually be beautiful in Drupal 7 like using entities properly and stuff like that I think it'd be amazing We have learned our lesson and we do not want to do major functionality changes at the same time that we're doing a You know Drupal major version port, but so maybe port project initially But I want to just put out there in the ether that like that could be an awesome module Especially in Drupal 7 using entities and fields and and whatever else It would be it'd be great if we somehow have some of the energy to do that Yeah, what we have in general on Drupal dot org is the oldest continuously running Drupal site and we have modules of different Vintage is and you know project was made before fields and cck and views existed a Big part of the Drupal 6 upgrade a part upgrade to project was moving stuff like All the issue queue views into Views That was all custom queries and tables before So that that made project a lot better to deal with Because there's no custom views the same sort of thing can happen with upgrade to Drupal 7 is a question of Planning out that work figuring out like what should we do ahead of time in Drupal 6 since we do have cck And hopefully everything upgrades cleanly to In cck upgrades to cleanly to Drupal 7 and Yeah, and the project module specifically that Derek writes the leads for that and I I'm sure he's already planning this out He's very well organized But he's not at Drupal con this week, but Look through the project module issue queue because it's already there's probably already a plan there I don't know where it is offhand Other questions Yeah, so the question was do we even need a custom project module? We probably Yeah There's there's a lot of the functionality project model that we don't necessarily need to okay Drupal 6 wise there's stuff that cck can't Relatively easily accomplished with proper fields. Maybe maybe you could do it better A lot of the things complicated because we have like this project this project issue which handles the whole issue Q thing this project releases which handles all the code So there's aspects of it like for example packaging Which is you know a crucial part of project and generates all of our tar balls, but Would not be something that that that we could easily or should try to necessarily readily express the cck a lot though of the A lot of the metadata that we store Is something that probably could be moved over to cck I think actually one of the biggest places though that that there's an issue with that is Since we have to store a running state for any given issue and comments can change that state Like there's a special weird table that stores transitional state as as as an issue evolves and notes whenever a state change occurs I don't know all the details of it But I think most things probably could there are some things that that do better as that do better as custom But again, that's one of the reasons that you could do well with the project in D7 You run it as an entity some custom things in the entity and the rest is just feelable any other questions That's in the big wall of text that I had up on the screen But yeah, if you read through it it has Basically everything ends up in Issues in the infrastructure project keels Yeah, so head over to develop on our server You can do local but The system is working pretty well and Yeah, finally an issue generally, you know, this stuff is on our server and What I look for is having some sort of plan like you actually know You have something specific to work on Because these are kind of a limited resource we're running out of disk space on under our VM that runs off these So we can't have a lot of these kind of laying around for nonspecific purposes and you know, it's generally that Yeah, you've been active on Drupal.org and it looks like you'll be able to get something You know complete it and ready to go. Yeah, so far I've approved like probably 99% of people other questions