Alright, welcome back to Big Talk from Small Libraries again at our 2 o'clock Central Time presentation, halfway through our afternoon of sessions. Honoring the past, moving into the future is our topic here, and Adrienne Juarez is here from Park City, Utah. Hello, Adrienne. Hello. Hi, everyone. Hi. Good afternoon. Hi. Good afternoon. Sorry? I was just going to give an introduction. Yeah, and Adrienne, their library did some great renovation recently, and she's going to share with us their experiences with that, so go ahead and take it away. Thank you. Well, hi to everyone out there, my name is Adrienne Juarez, and I'm the director of the Park City Library, Utah. I'm a lead for some of that, and I'm going to have to interrupt you, Adrienne. Yeah, it's really, really hard to hear. Is there a way you can do a little closer to microphone headset or something? Is this any better? Yeah, it's kind of a muffle. Do you have the ability to, because we might want to switch things up here, to call in on the phone instead, to use the audio that way through a telephone? Sure. Because the headset is kind of muffled and hard to hear, unfortunately. We're not recording my computer. Let me just see if I can make that work in a second. Adrienne? Yep. Yep, we're here. I'm here. I'm not sure how to. What's your phone number? Sorry? How do I call in? I can try that way. Yes, in the login, the email that you received had a phone number for logging in. When you actually registered, I'm going to, when you registered it would send you a confirmation email and that would have a phone number. Do you know the access code? Yes. I'm showing it. No digits, please re-enter your access code. Is it the access code? Now, your hashtag. And then in the audio section of your... The access code you entered is invalid. You enter. One, five, two, four. It was the access code. One, four. It was the one, four. It was followed by the pound or hash time. The one, five, eight, seven, four, seven. Okay. You enter. No digits. All right. How about this? Hold on a second, Adrienne. I'm going to get you some... I'm going to get back to you behind the scenes. And I think we might switch up our schedule a little bit here so we can get you the information to log in. Hold on just a second. Meg, are you on the line? Can we jump to you in ahead of time, ahead of your schedule? I've unmuted you, Meg. Meg, are you there? I see that you're logged in for a lifelong learning session. Oh, she may have stepped away. Meg, are you there? Can you hear me now? I can, yes. Is it better? Yeah, it's still not, but I think we'd rather do it on the phone. Okay. All right, everyone, we're going to take a short break, get with Adrienne to see about getting her switched over to telephone. I apologize for this, so just hold on for... Okay, well, people were saying that was a little better. Go ahead and try again, Adrienne. I mean, to talk. What do I do? Sorry. Just try to test your audio a little bit better. Okay. Can you hear me now? Can you hear me now? It does sound clearer. Yeah, let's hear, hang on a sec. I'm going to give you back control to share your screen again and let's see if we can do this. Yes, that's much clearer. Whatever you're doing. Sorry? Can you hear me now? Yes, yes. Okay, very good. All right, go ahead and try again. Yeah. All right, are we on? Yes, go right ahead. All right, let's try this again. Well, I worked out the tone. Once again, I am Adrienne Herrick, who is a library director for the Park City Library, which is in Utah. I have been the Park City Library Director this summer. It will be three years. Prior to that, I was with Salt Lake City Public Library. And I also wanted to say hi to everyone from Kansas. I used to run the Utah Flynn Program, the Distance Regional Program. So hi to everybody from Kansas and also NCLA. So I wanted to share a little bit about a renovation we just went through. Park City, Utah is ranked as Outside Magazine's Best Active Town in 2013. So we are on Mountain Count. I've got a few quick facts about us. We have a population of 8,058, which is from the 2014 estimate. We are 32 miles southeast of downtown Salt Lake City, which is up a beautiful canyon here. We have three major city resorts. So that's our industry, really, is a lot of screening. We've got your value on resorts, Kansas resorts, and Park City resorts. And at times, our tourist population exceeds our permanent residents. So while we have 8,000 people who live here permanently, we can fill this town sometimes at moments with about 80,000 people. Our population is 25, almost 25%, Hispanic, Latino, which is important for our service model. We have a large service industry and many of those folks live here sometimes part of the year and we provide service and with standing services to that population. Park City was based on a mining history. So Silver, Gold, and Lead were discovered in the 1860s until we're really an old mining town. We have a film festival, which is held here at the largest US festival. And in 2002, the Olympic Winter Games were held in Utah and many of them were held here in Park City. So the town is very proud of that. And what I wanted to talk about today, as I know many small libraries are in communities, they're very proud of our history. A way to, when you move forward with a renovation or a building of a library, how do you honor the past while you move into the future, our residents? As we just did our renovation, we're very concerned to preserve the history of what Park City stands for. So our library is in the historic high school. This is a picture of the building. It's a beautiful old high school. 1927, 28. And when we proposed the remodel, which was completed last summer in June, we had the architect really, the community wanted to focus on this historic gem. And in doing so, he wrapped it with something that was aimed to highlight the historic architecture, but also give us more space and create kind of a modern entrance. There was no clear entrance on this building as it was in old high school. It's the architectural rendering of a proposed wraparound addition to the building, which is now in place. And while we did this project, which took a year, it actually, the whole interior was done in addition to the addition. We moved out of our building in entirety. We could not be here while we modeled the building. And we moved into our central park where we had a minor's hospital. This is the building that held less than half of our collection. But we were housed there at the temporary location as they did our construction process. And this was a very nice connection to history. So as we moved forward in time and put in a lot of beautiful new amenities into our building, we got to connect with this whole building, which is just beautiful. I was born here. So they were very excited that we connected with that piece of history. And the library was housed in that building actually from 82 until 1993. And then we outgrew that building and moved into our high school. And while we were out of our current building, we had nowhere really to put the books. So we got very creative. We had a lot of fun to do because this was City Hall. We literally lined the walls of City Hall's books and bookshelves. And we put books in our old fire station. In our mornings when we had our polis, so those people wanted, we ran around the city and grabbed books from all over. And people could actually put a self-checkout machine while we were getting a beautiful new building. They wanted to be sure that we kept the elements that they worked so hard on over the years and put them back into the building. And so I wanted to share some pictures of the things that they had done that were important to them to impact. This is a book spine piece. It's made out of wood. These are all names of people who donated to the library. And these are our distinguished donors that were managed by the Friends of the Library. And this piece was an entry way in the old building. And folks wanted to make sure that that was put back into the building. So we did get that back in. And I want to show you the other pieces that went back in a while. And these were pieces to make these folks happy in this renovation. This is a community tile wall. And actually, this is hand drawn. This is a community of this in 1982. And these are the names of people who donated and created this tile wall. We had a challenge getting this back into the building because the tile wall was probably 10 foot by 10 feet in the old building. It had to be removed and it was plastered to the wall. It was damaged and so we could not get it back into the new building. We had a local photographer in Mark Museum Arts and we have framed that now. And you can see every detail. He did a beautiful job with a large photography piece that honored everyone who had their names on it as we moved back into the new building. This is a commemorative piece when we had the Olympics here in Park City. This is a manhole cover that was designed to show the Winter Games in 2002 and people want to see this when they come in. And they look for them. We also have the Olympic Winter Games plaque and this is on the building when people came here for the Olympics. The library building in the high school was a feature and there was actually no names outside. We have a green field outside of our library. They noticed no names there and the King and Queen of Norway were hosted here as well so people were very proud of that and wanted to make sure that went back in. This is a piece that went back into our building which honors the history of the high school itself. So our newspaper is called The Park Record. They took some old cooking. They took photos of the old football teams, the basketball teams, some mining photographs and the marching band and we put that into a gallery area in the new building as well. There's a class ring and a class pen here from the high school. People have enjoyed seeing that and the story of the high school theme is that the field outside where we had that was angled down and that Park City would only run the balls down the field I don't know if that's true or not but I think it's a funny story. And then outside we have reading gardens. So these are handcrafted people in our community and the Arnold family those all had to be pulled up and then relayed because the whole landscape changed around the building as well as inside and we wanted to preserve that. We also have we also have this is a little harder to see but I wanted to try and show you this is a donation by Virginia and Ben Valer here so at one point in the community when we were developing this reading garden we were able to respond to ventures and we put those into storage during the project and brought those all back out as well. And then things like our local Rotary Club has always honored citizens with a warrant once a year and we put those back out of the library so that it brings people every night that much who we are and it honors our citizens and so those are back up as well. And as we underwent renovation the biggest thing I heard was people saying well why are we doing this we love our old library why do we need new amenities we have enough books we have enough computers the building is fine just as it is and so we spent a lot of time talking on the radio in the newspaper about the why behind the project and as we reopened we created some of these displays that really talk about how we cherish and preserve the history that also moves into the future in terms of energy sustainability and some things that really need to happen in the building like a seismic cold facility and these are some of the pieces we put up to help the public understand the need for the remodel now the next few slides are kind of little snippets that you can see that talk about that so this is just from one of those filters a little piece of it you know talking about the renovation preserving our history and like I said we weren't exercising a cold and earthquake to our reality in Utah we needed to improve our water and energy efficiency and we did it to comply with the request we had from the community for gathering and working and we actually did some surveys to ask what they wanted and this is what they told us the other thing was sustainability this is a close-up of one of those posters as well and you can see this is the old gym in the old high school here it's just a slowly shot there's the backboard for that basketball 1949 and then this is just a sneak peak I'm going to show you around the wall there's some modern features after the renovation that there's a sneak peak of what it turned out like in 2015 but it was very important that we make this a sustainable building that reflected kind of the mining center history and also our green initiative and we also wanted to so here's the renovation project there was no inch of the building that was untouched on the inside or the outside they took down an old right here I don't know if you can see it an old piece of the historic building that had been added in 1993 because it tried to match the facade and that did not allow it to be on the historic register so they removed that and they actually revealed the old building and then they highlighted it with the new part and now we are on the national historic register that just happened that we'll be celebrating with the wrong clocking name and so we're very proud to actually enhance what was already there and I think that helped we say oh that's right we had covered up part of the building in 1993 and now we can see it again and it's just beautiful with these cornices at the top that were hidden and I also thought I would now show you some of the pictures of the interior of the building to see why the community really wanted to talk this through because the interior is now quite modern so this is what it looked like during the transformation we have 54,000 square feet in this building before we started the remodel only 17,000 was really usable for the library itself we were housed in here but we weren't fully utilizing the space so the entire interior was dulled and what happened there is it allowed us to build some really beautiful historic building elements that were covered up with plaster these are beams under we have a 350 feet out of 21 our first floor in the high school and these beams hold that up those are gorgeous and we were able to be built as exposed and also to expose this old historic brick inside the building which just gives it this nice feel these are all of our bedrooms in the finished building we have bedrooms that have a high high usage and then also lights we were able to bring in lights from the outside before the remodel we still had classrooms that were off of the library that you couldn't get to from the inside of the library so now the library has one large interior with lights coming in at the classroom wall working down and that has been a wonderful remedy and this is looking outside this is the winter months of our construction that you can see that the old historic building is here and they're starting to wrap it with that new modern feel with lots of light coming in and I can now show you what they did on the interior so this is the new library inside at Park City and when you come in we now have a coffee shop so that was a very modern amenity and people have been thrilled by that one way that we preserved history and gave a nod to local culture is this art piece that's on the wall in the coffee shop and this is the piece by Daniel Whitehoff which celebrates our mountains and our seasons so this piece you can't see it in the picture and I wish you could but all of these lines the handwriting of people in our community our community that wrote their stories on paper and gave it to the artist and she worked the story into the beautiful art piece of our mountains and she designed the piece to be the summer fall winter and spring transformation as you see the colors change over the piece and then the painting discs are for our silver mining history that hang and float over it so that was one way we really worked in a bit of community spirit into this piece which you can see is quite modern this is the edition of the building the wrap around excuse me and then you walk into our new information area and we worked very hard to make it very light and open we do have self check out there and lots of display tables everywhere in power wall so we're very excited to open up and make the information that's very accessible first thing when we come in I'm going to show you around this first floor area first and then we'll do a quick look at the second floor this is the children's area when you walk in that's the first thing and that's been the case it's been very well used and one of the highlights that we really like was in we were able to get all of our picture book collection into your face out more than I know anyone who's used but they're lovely you can put the colors out mostly pre-readers and they can flip and look to those beautiful colors and make their selection our circulations have just skyrocketed sometimes once you go to see what they want to read and then this is a special feature we put in to make it there's also a very curvy building this is called our Mliners Milton and this is a fun created space space so back if you go into this little mountain you go through little doors you walk the ramp on the end and inside on the back of this mountain we have a magnetic wall we have a little magnet a little gear magnet and they have stuffed animals and puppets that do their own interactive stories and this was a nod to to Park City and the mountains and the histories here you can see the mountain actually lights up there's different colors even purple and green and they've changed throughout the day which is fun and then we were able to install a special location which has been fun they brought in lots of nice vibrant colors and then when you come off of the Children's Area this was a piece that meant a lot to us to celebrate kind of the history of Park City but also the new local libraries so this is our community meeting wall and what you see on this wall is a black and white image of Aspen trees so if you look at that like looking up into Aspen trees this black and white photograph if you can see this blue tail these are color images that are exactly the same as black and white photograph below and each one of these small bits of color is a four-by-four inch tile that anyone can buy from San Diego even if you can buy those $150 you can put a name on it and you can honor teachers who taught you to read you can give them more and all and that is starting to fill in this is on opening day but this is beautifully starting to fill in the color and the names of all our community members aren't going off on that wall which is a nice method and it's again with the local so this must be the other local photographer so that's a nice cherished piece of paper now this is looking at that staircase we got a grand staircase so the collections in our library are on the first two floors and that's what I'm going to show you today the first two floors and as you look down you can see that this is actually digital in the back so we did go for century libraries we've got collaborations on the IMAX with lots of high tech stuff on it we have two 3D printers in this area we do have a green screen and a family screen so we're very fortunate that we had the resources to put those into this new building so that's a very turn for centuries where we kind of a nicely splendid historic modern renovation now we're going back down at the bottom of those stairs we've got lots of display space and we have an audio visual area and we also put our graphic knowledge here so that is kind of in the center of the main floor and then we did something a little bit interesting first of all we told the community that our main floor was going to be our very active space so we got seating here for people to read and to watch their kids play, school, study but a lot of the quieter spaces are on our second floor so that we can accommodate everyone's needs and on this main floor we broke out the youth and teenagers and we're defining youth as the kids kind of moving into independent learning and kind of thinking that they're not necessarily wanting to be over the little ones and maybe picture books but they want their own area this is the youth area and we got a chance to make it kind of fun and vibrant and youthful this wall is actually a board deck that has been cut into strips and offset and then placed on the wall and then this is the gaming station so in both of our youth our youth area and our community we do have a the community as a workplace would come and hang out and be safe and have engaging activities after school and this is definitely bringing us in right behind this area of the classroom but I'll flip over to the teen area which is the teen area, they're both kind of on the other side of the library and the teen area near the youth area so we have the same number of classrooms they will pass through this area right here this wall for the teens is the snowboard deck which is very part 3 so we cut up snowboard decks for the older kids and then the older kids on this right can move right into that digital community a lot and see the 3D primary and we are bringing in kids where the sound is all the time, they're recording their phones and they're having a lot of fun and then we'll go up here so I took a big leap here just imagine that you kind of lost that background staircase but this is a quiet room so we wanted to accommodate all the members of our community and this is a room that's locked up with glass we have our magazine rooms there's a little outdoor room back here that's reading areas, quiet area people are filming those seats setting and then our material housing for the kids my mom is completely innovative and a lot of people have these shelves for the magazines so it's the first time we've had them and we're getting a lot of those seats and all the colors are up our face out and then this is our non-fiction collection you can see the beams in there in case you have better view of our non-fiction collection so this is that upper rail with the lighting and all the study people's hearing in our non-fiction area with the themes throughout of us behind these bookcases we have the rooms and those are filled all the time and then what you can see is our first book I did a peeking picture that we had we do have a 350 the auditorium and the gathering room that people can visit for events or conferences or community conversations and that thing is quite a bit as well and I just wanted to talk a little bit about the renovation and being more inclusive of the building and how we have been communicating and programming with community contemporary remodel Adrian before you go on to this I have a few questions that came in about the building itself yes please first someone said and I agree with him he says I'm in love with this library this is gorgeous I love the colors and how bright and open it is is so really nice and I'm also impressed with some of those earlier construction sites or construction pictures that apparently a lot of this was done during the winter it was it was one year time some couple of questions about the children's area where you had those the bins yes how are they anchored very well so they don't fall if somebody is pulling I guess Halsey they look kind of they look a little precarious don't they so they are anchored to the floor they actually drill down into the concrete nice at carpet and they pull to the floor and generally this is just for the picture I don't have all of the bins pulled out at once usually kids will go up to it and pull out one drawer at a time or maybe one or two kids are wrapping at a time so I think it's just one or two drawers pulled out it doesn't look quite empty yeah now this is a very interesting different way of displaying the children's books is there any sort of some circulation data did this increase the usage of the books because of how they displayed that way yeah we had before in our building we had about 95,000 visitors a year it looks like we're going to hit 140,000 plus wow this first year of opening our circulations have done just about the same almost double really so we've been very pleased I think those space outs make a huge difference display tables everywhere in this library and it's been really wonderful they all take a turn maybe more rotations with two weeks to get to clear topics so books are flying out the door now this is our first year so whether those numbers will keep growing forever I don't know about right now we are having a lot of excitement cool in the youth room also there was back to that picture someone just said is that a hamster cage behind in the previous picture guinea pig ok close just saw that peeking around the pillar there and if we ever tried to get rid of the guinea pig that was a historic case at Ulta the kids would not have been happy no the guinea pig in is popcorn oh nice ok popcorn the guinea pig in the youth room you had artwork on the wall what did you say that was made up of the big display on is it this one I'm not sure exactly one what did you say is on the wall in the youth room I think it might have been the one that was snowboards that might have been the one yes let me go back to that those are skateboard decks that yes what is that one those are skateboard decks and they were cut they cut off the end of the skateboard skateboard they first took off the wheels they cut the decks into four strips so you know how they are very colorful on the underside and then they offset each deck so that you can see let's see if I can pick out this is one deck they put it right and left you can see the colors gathered together yes you can see how they could match up this purple here is all one skateboard ok nice and actually talking about that other one that looked like the trees and has the full color tiles that eventually get is the idea that one will eventually become full color because of people yes choosing and to do that so we will not see the black and white eventually it will be the full color and it's beautiful all colors the sky you see the sky here in blue and then these beautiful white aspen the trunks and then the these are orange and yellow they will be used as that filter very cool very creative and we did change our logo to an aspen leaf with a book at the bottom because of the mountain town we have a lot of aspen trees and of course the aspen growth is all connected at the roots so all of these individual trees coming up through the ground that everybody connected at the roots so we really have gone to the aspen as our logo ok cool I'll let you go ahead and continue then with your presentation while we were looking at those pictures of the building that's great let me know if there are any others here's an example of a display table and we chose nesting tables ok I see and those are throughout the library on both levels as well so let me go back really those are the images of the building now we're going to talk a little bit about this project seeing more than just the building so along with the other pieces that needed to come back in we really respected all of our history as kind of the tradition of Ms. Katrina we have a story like our sweet little popcorn guinea pig if Ms. Katrina wasn't there every day when the kids walked in it would have been a stark contrast to what they were used to so we made sure that we really kept going with those programs that they were very fond of and we've done a lot more publicity about them and then of course we're adding because we haven't done anything we've been able to expand on that so this is the program the dual language immersion film so it's nice for us that we have an auditorium where we can show movies that we've partnered with the Park Street Film Series and the Summit County Library this is our new Ask Henry logo and we alternate French English films and Spanish English films with subtitles so French or Spanish with subtitles and that's been popular and then we really started to do a lot of technology training because in the new building people are still getting used to this 21st century model of there are more computers here there's a lot of technology that we can take advantage of and we've had such great participation and then the other thing that we've been really working on is our service particularly to our Spanish speaking population here there's a community group it's a Latino advocacy coalition with people from the school district our mayor sits on it our city manager sits on it I sit on it and our rep department sits on it to try and create programs and services that are driven by people in this community so we've got a new partnership with the school district where we're doing ESL tutoring partnerships and that was requested by this group so we're very excited about that and then programs like Little Biz hopefully everybody knows Little Biz is a little electronic kind of like a little electronic logo the keeper having fun and then we also did some publicity pieces to celebrate the history that went back in so when our tile wall was reinstalled we made some publicity about it so that people can see that hey if your name is on here those tiles actually didn't provide the construction but here's a gorgeous photo piece of your name and the tile where you will plate in 1992 and then we're also teaching a lot of new technology skills so we do library hacks and we have some TV screens that are located on the wall both on the first floor and second floor and we're teaching things like downloads books and e-books now e-books aren't new but a lot of people now that we have this new library are coming in and showing a new interest so how do they download their e-books so we're really doing a lot of teaching along with the new building here's another library hack which is fun, take technology home with you so we have a case in our digital media lab that has all kinds of new technology some pro-pros and drawing tablets, video recordings and the items can be checked out so we're teaching people how to check those items out and then here's this Katrina with our patron Jacob they are playing Xbox in me at the library which is a really fun thing so the kids are flocking me and the kids and we really wanted a new library to engage and then the most important thing in any project, this is the wonderful staff of the Park City Library nothing could be done without them they moved to the library twice they moved out of the old high school which was the old library into minor hospital in city park they picked books up every morning city hall from the old fire station and they smiled throughout and then they moved it all back we literally had to calculate every centimeter of shelf space and fortunately it all fit back in and they're doing great we're learning as we go the community's learning but we're also celebrating our past and the future so it's been a wonderful, wonderful adventure and does anyone have questions? Okay, great thank you Adrian now we've got things going and sounding a little better yes we do have a few more questions if you do have any other questions for Adrian about Park City Library type them into the questions section of your go-to webinar interface if you hadn't been doing that already someone does want to know what the total square footage I know you had the addition on what was the before and then the after we were utilizing about 17,000 square feet in the old library because there were classrooms that we couldn't access and now we're utilizing 54,000 square feet we opened up the entire interior of the building that is a huge the auditorium by the way so that is a big auditorium on the third floor which you didn't see what's the size of your staff is this everybody or is there more? well we didn't have everybody there that day so that's about 11.88 FTE so that's about 18 people okay someone wants to know the manufacturer of the shelves that you had made where did you get the shelving from? we use space savers space savers okay cool and is there security cameras to monitor the areas that look very open and lots of walls and things is there a security system or how do you keep an eye on the whole place? yeah that is important because we do have a small crew for such a large building and it's very open we did Park City the city itself has a very vigorous program we have a gentleman who works for the city and puts the plan into all of the public building so we were fortunate that the city provided cameras and we do have them located kind of strategically throughout the building put them on collections but we do have security cameras okay great you had mentioned being green because there's a lot of open space and I know there's a lot of windows was there any sort of special accommodations for energy saving measures because of that? there were and that was a huge piece so the project started out and City Council had voted for the renovation but as the planning process went forward they realized that they wanted to green the building so they added money to the project generously and the walls were inflated they put in LED lights throughout the building and they actually replaced the roof we had a barrel roof that the way the snow in the wintertime we get heavy snow but the way the old building was managed to turn the snow on it was not there enough weight to have snow on there and really they didn't inflate it so that they keep the building up and out and melt the snow so we got a new HVAC system they put a new roof on which actually holds in heat now and so we have that Leeds Kilbur standard just a new roof alone can make a lot of difference yeah, oh yeah absolutely you mentioned that they did the approval for the building someone said where did you get the funding for all the remodel? I'm not sure if that was mentioned before or not sure, we have an RDA fund that we were able to do and the RDA fund is covering a number of development projects within Princeton, the library was one of them to be able to be a part of that re-development agency money someone wants to know about programming a couple different questions how many team programs do you do first of all can you repeat that how many team programs team programming team programs team programs have been our weak spot historically and we just got a position approved fortunately for someone to help us focus on band services and team services so we have programs that are we have some kind of passive programs with doing the coloring the new trend in everybody's coloring and we do some things that are kind of more for you like our label club we have some craft or new programs we've got some films and things but as soon as those new programs get there we make an offer to someone we intend to up our team program so I will say we are having star wars today coming up yeah that's fun and we then Katrina is also into acting and has an improv group that has come and done improv with our team that has been a lot of fun now also related to programming when you were in the minors hospital how did you run it there how did that all oh my goodness it was a personal one well really we didn't have any furniture so we took full cases from the library the old library in the historic high school and we just pieced it together it ran fairly smoothly there are four floors in that old hospital and we made a little children's area down in the basement and we pieced together some old shelves that made a situation there our own little library inside there and had technology in this old building and had just improvised with what you had at the time good, remarkable question I had, I loved at the very beginning you had the donations while the one that looked like books, oh that was gorgeous where did you get that done was there a local company yeah it was a local craftsperson who built that oh that's a wonderful idea and it's just beautiful I'm going back right now it was very creative I don't know that I've seen that I'm sure others might have but I had not seen it the tiles and bricks and what not yes that and so each one of those books is the name and those are treasures and then down here where the call number is it's the year that the person donated and I see there's still some blank ones mixed in there so you can add more as the time goes on yeah that's true the community naming wall where who did that one that's the tree one right we worked with a sign company called signs which is a local sign company in Salt Lake about 30 miles from here they designed the keys in cooperation with our architects and we actually have to run those tiles down to Salt Lake whenever we get a little batch and they print the names on them okay really it's a lot of looking I think a lot of people are asking these questions to see if they could do the same thing look locally to see who you have in town or somewhere in town near you that might do this kind of thing to bring in that kind of creativity into your building yeah exactly it's of course local artisans too that have these amazing ideas absolutely and just a final one I just want to know what's your annual budget, what budget are you working with there well we were fortunate we now are operating on about 1.2 million with after the vaccination the city council did approve a budget increase to help us with operations and your population served just over a little over 8,000 according to what you said right that's right yeah that's a small area yeah it is, I think it's a little bit we do give visitor cards as well and I was talking well tourism yes right yeah if we have 80,000 people staying in hotels early can somebody come in for a book so population fluctuates a lot with the tour right of course yeah okay that's great I think that will wrap it up for this session then thank you so much Adrian sorry about the the sound issues before we did do tech test with people I'll tell you guys on who are watching we did do but you never know what happens when you're going live yeah and I've put my website up here on the screen if anybody has any questions or would like to contact me my contact information is on that and I'd be more than happy to help anybody who is thinking of doing projects or would like to know anything more about the Park City Library great thank you yeah there's a lot of good information I think you give just about renovation in general but the release of the title of your presentation honoring the past keeping all of that carrying that over into the new building really I think makes a difference to how it looks and feels and to the community and I think that's did a great job of that absolutely thank you we're having a really good time in the new library all right thank you Adrian wrap it up for this session


So, in this presentation, we are going to talk about modular protocol design. So basically, what do we understand by that? Modular protocol design consists in designing a protocol for a complex task by composing protocols for single tasks, for simple tasks. And how do we do that in the UC model? So this is done by using hybrid protocols. A basic hybrid protocol basically is protocol where parties are allowed to call ideal functionalities for different tasks. And designing protocols this way has several advantages. So basically, a hybrid protocol allows for multiple instantiaciones because you can replace a call for any ideal functionality by any of the secure realizations of the ideal functionality. And also, a hybrid protocol allows for more structured proofs because it's better to have proofs for secure protocols for each of the ideal functionalities and the proof secure the composition of those ideal functionalities to realize the complex task than having one monolithic proof for a complex protocol. So let's look at it through a simple example. Let's consider that this is a complex functionality, functionality F12, which basically does the following. A party P sends an input A and the functionality evaluates the functions F1 and F2 on that input and finally sends the result to the party Q. So basically we want to provide now a modular protocol to realize this functionality. How do we do that? So we split the task, the first idea that comes to mind is to split the task into two, one functionality that computes evaluates function F1 and another one for function F2. So we design these two functionalities as follows. Party P sends the input to the functionality and later on party Q requests the output and the functionality evaluates the function on the input and sends Q the result. So how do we use these two functionalities to create a protocol in the hybrid model for functionality F12? So the first idea that comes to mind is very simple. It would be just in step one, the party receives the input A sends it to the functionality F1, step two sends it to the functionality F2. Step three, party Q receives from party P that the functionality has already received the input through a secure channel and in step four, party Q requests the evaluation of the function from functionality F1 and finally the party Q does the same with functionality F2 and it can output the results. So this is an idea very simple to compose to create a protocol modularly for functionality F12, but it doesn't work. And as we can see now, this protocol is not secure and when there are security holes, terrible things can happen. So the reason why it is not secure is simply the following. If the party P is adversarial, if it is corrupt, then it can send different inputs to functionality F1 and F2 and F1 and F2 have no way of checking whether P has sent different inputs to them and the party Q cannot do that either. So we need a mechanism to prevent the adversary from doing that, from sending different inputs to the functionalities. That is, we need a mechanism to ensure that different functionalities receive the same input. So in order to fix this security hole, the first idea that comes to mind is to use commitments, right? So in the real world, how do we use commitments to ensure that different protocols receive the same input? So let's consider that we have a protocol by one for functionality F1 and a protocol by two for functionality F2 that receive committed inputs. So the idea is simple. We compute, make P compute a commitment to the input. This commitment is sent from P to Q and then P and Q could input the commitment to the protocol both for functionality F1 and functionality F2. So what we would, thanks to the binding property of the commitment scheme, it is guaranteed that both protocols receive the same input. So what we would like to do is to mirror the same idea but in the ideal world using a hybrid protocol. So we would modify first of all the functionalities F1 and F2 we proposed before so that they accept committed inputs and then use a functionality FCOM to compute commitments in a hybrid model. So the protocol would be as follows similar as before. Parti P sends the input to FCOM and FCOM produces a commitment, P sends the commitment to Q and then P and Q send the commitment to the functionality F1 and to the functionality F2 and then Q can obtain the result and thanks to the binding property it is guaranteed that both functionalities receive the same input. However the problem is that existing functionalities that have been proposed so far in the literature for universally composable commitments do not allow for that. They don't, in particular they don't output cryptographic commitments. I mean they are not all the same but the basic behavior they do is the following. The party P sends the input to the functionality and the functionality tells a party Q the receiver that a commitment has been sent and at a later stage when party P decides to open the commitment then functionality sends the input to the party Q. So what we have is that existing functionalities do not output cryptographic commitments or a string that represents a commitment. So what we are going to do in this talk is to fix this problem by proposing an ideal functionality for commitments in C-framework that actually outputs cryptographic commitments and then we will show how to be designed a protocol for our toy example using this functionality. Finally in the second part we will talk about how do we design modularly attribute tokens with revocation by separating the tasks of attribute token and revocation and we are also going to talk about a new revocation scheme we have. So first of all the idea of making an ideal functionality that outputs cryptographic commitments is not strange. There are other functionalities for other tasks in the literature that output strings as cryptographic values such as for example the functionality of public encryption that outputs cypher text or for signatures or even for non-interactive ceremonies proofs as we can see in this example the behavior of these functionalities could be as follows let R be a completely binary relation and for a proof that the witness and the instance being the relation so the prover in this case would send the witness and the instance to the functionality the functionality would check that the witness and the instance belong to the relation. In that case the functionality would produce a proof that is sent back to the prover and then party q here receives a symbol of the proof and the instance sends it to the functionality and the functionality verifies whether the proof is correct or not and sends a verification bit. One thing we can realize here is that normally in this all in all these functionalities the simulator is called to provide a proof or to verify a proof and this actually reveals when the party p computes a proof or when the party q verifies a proof. So in our functionality of commitments we would like these tasks to be local so we are going to propose a different mechanism using algorithms to do that. So basically our functionality would call it for non interactive commitments because it actually does not imply interaction between the committer and the verifier. And we apart from the commit and verify interfaces that compute and verify a commitment we will have a setup where the simulator provides algorithms so that the functionality computes and verifies those commitments and validate interface which as we shall see basically is to verify that a commitment is uses the right parameters. So let's look into the details of our functionality. Our functionality as I said requires that computing and verifying commitments are local processes. So what we do is that there is a setup interface that any party can call and in this setup interface the functionality calls the simulator so that the simulator provides algorithms commit to compute commitment open to compute an opening for the commitment and verify to verify a commitment. And this is along with parameters of the commitment scheme and the trapdoor. So once the simulator provides this the functionality tells the party that the setup is already done. In this setup the functionality also creates initializes a table with the following values. I mean the table is empty at the beginning but it will have the following structure. So a commitment a message and an opening and a bit that basically tells whether the commitment is correct or not. So in the commit interface basically the functionality receives as input a value from a party and it computes a commitment as follows. It will run the commit algorithm to compute a commitment as we can see the commit algorithm doesn't receive the message as input it receives a trapdoor. So the trapdoor property implies the hiding property and we will require trapdoor commitments in order to realize our functionality. Then the functionality will abort if there already exists in the table a commitment with the same value associated to a different message because this will violate the binding property of requiring commitment schemes. Then the functionality runs the opening algorithm so that it creates a correct opening for the commitment and the opening algorithm does receive the message as input. Info can contain the trapdoor that allows the algorithm to open a commitment to any message. Then the verification algorithm is used to ensure that the commitments and open is produced by those algorithms verify correctly so it's necessary to run it here. And finally the functionality will put this commitment in the table and with a bit one it indicates that the commitment will always be accepted. And the functionality will send the party a commitment so a cryptographic commitment and an opening for the commitment. And also the parameter and the verification algorithm which as we can see parameter and verification algorithm are needed by later on functionalities that receive committed inputs in order to verify that this is indeed a commitment for that input by running the verification algorithm. So in the verification interface as we should expect the functionality receives a commitment and a message and an opening along with the parameters and verification algorithm. First of all the functionality will check that the parameters and verification algorithm are the same as the ones stored before in the functionality. Later on if the commitment is already stored in the table it will output the same result to ensure consistency. And if there is already a commitment that commitment in the table associated to the different message then it will reject it because this will violate the binding property we require for commitments. And if the commitment is not in the table then it will run the verification algorithm and append the result of the verification algorithm to the table finally send back the result. So as we see both in the commit and verify functionalities the simulator is not queried by the functionality so the simulator doesn't learn when parties compute commitments. Thanks to the fact that we use algorithms to compute them and this ensures the binding property because the functionality will never accept two different messages as valid for the same commitment. So finally we have a validate interface which is basically used to for a party that only has a commitment but not the opening of it to check whether that commitment was computed with the same parameters and verification algorithm used by the functionality. Alternatively we could also make a functionality where those parameters and verification algorithm are output at set up and then the validate interface is not needed both things well. So as for constructions of our functionality as we can see we require trapdoor commitments which implies the hiding property and we require that the commitment is binding and we prove that any commitment scheme that is trapdoor unbinding realises our functionality. So in particular in comparison to the functionality of com that is in the literature that could require other properties such as extractability or sometimes non mollability we do not require that properties which allows our functionality to be realized efficiently by for example commitment pedersen commitments. And apart from that having said that we also propose a variation of our functionality that requires extractable commitments and the relation between these two functionalities FNIC and FENIC would be similar as functionalities for synonyms proofs that require soundness or functionalities for synonyms proof that require extractability. So in some case you use in your protocol the one you need in our example FNIC suffices because mainly because commitments are used always along with synonyms proofs which already provide the extractability property. So back to our example now we have described the functionality for non interactive commitments we are going to show how we use that functionality to provide a secure protocol in a modular way for our functionality F12 that we described at the introduction. So basically when the party P receives the input it will first of all set up the functionality of commitments then it will send the input to FNIC to the functionality of commitments to obtain a commitment. Then we modified functionalities F1 and F2 so that they accept committed inputs so apart from the input the functionality also receives commitment and opening and the verification algorithm so that functionalities can check the validity of the commitment. Then the functionality the party P would communicate to the party Q the commitment is in a secure channel and also the verification algorithm and upon receiving those the party Q would validate checking that those verification algorithm and parameters are the ones used by the functionality of commitments. And finally the party Q when requesting the result it will also send the commitment and the functionalities F1 and F2 will check that the parameters and the commitment are the same as those sent by P and in that case they will compute the result and send it to F1 and F2. So basically now thanks to the fact that they receive committed inputs and the functionalities have this verification algorithm that can be used to check the validity of the commitment we have proposed a mechanism that ensures that F1 and F2 receive the same value as input. So basically what we do in the paper is to prove that actually running this verification algorithm which is provided by the ideal adversary to functionality of Nick will always ensure the binding property so that the input is always the same. So we prove that running verify the verified algorithm will never accept two different messages for the same commitment and that ensures that the input is the same. As we have shown this example of sending the same input to different functionalities but we know that this could also be used in different ways for example ensuring that the output of a functionality equals the input of another functionality. So in the second part of the talk I'm going to describe briefly how we use this idea to design modularly a protocol for attribute tokens with revocation. So attribute tokens is basically this application where user gets a user gets his attributes certified like for example name municipality etc. Personal data certified by a credential issuer that issues a signature and then the user uses that credential to prove that he fulfills an access control policy. For example this credential verify requires that the user proves that age is more than 16. So the user produces a presentation token which is basically an interactive proof of signature possessing that only reveals to the verify that her age is more than 16 but not any other personal data in the credential. Apart from that presentation tokens also have a linkability in the sense that different verifiers cannot link presentation tokens sent by the same user even if they collude with the credential issuer. So attribute tokens need revocation attribute credentials can be revoked for different reasons and we add to the setting a revocation authority that basically will establish whether credentials are revoked or not. This sends information to the credential verify so that the credential verify can check that. So what we do in the paper is basically we design a functionality for attribute tokens with revocation which is a complex task and then we propose a hybrid protocol which is modular and it divides the task into two. One is a functionality for attribute tokens and another one a functionality for revocation. Basically the functionality for attribute tokens is an extension of the non interactive synonox functionality where issuer users get credentials issued on different attributes and on a serial number for the credential. And the functionality will also compute un verified proof of signature possessing and the functionality is also an extension of the non interactive synonox functionality that issues revocation statuses for the serial numbers in the credentials. So what we have now is that both functionalities get as input serial numbers and we employ our functionality for commitments to actually ensure that the serial number received by the functionality of attribute tokens to compute a proof of credential possessing equals the serial number received by the revocation functionality. And we propose also constructions for both the attribute token functionality and for the revocation functionality and we are going to describe only a bit the construction of revocation because it has some advantages over previous constructions. So previously revocation for attribute tokens was non mainly using accumulators and accumulator can be seen as a commitment to a set of values. So basically the accumulator will take the serial numbers and associate its number to a bit and this bit indicates whether the serial number is revoked or not depending it's zero or one. So basically this is a binary revocation situation where either a credential is revoked or not. But in many cases credentials can be revoked locally by different credential verifiers or not. So different credentials verifiers can have their own revocation list. So in that case accumulators are unsuitable because there is some inflexibility that if you want to have multiple revocation list you need to create one accumulator for each of the lists and then adding and removing revocation lists would imply establishing setting up a new accumulator or removing it. Additionally accumulators are not hiding so they could reveal the revocation status associated to serial numbers. So what we do is to propose a construction similar to accumulators but based on vector commitments because vector commitments actually allow us to associate to each serial number sequence of bits and each bit would describe the revocation status with respect to a different revocation list. So if for example a credential is revoked with respect to the video streaming but non revoked with respect to the commerce that could be all accumulated in the vector commitment. And as we can see then we have the advantages that the vector commitment allows us to revoke to introduce to commit to n revocation lists and this is flexible because it also allows to add and remove revocation lists without extra cost. And it allows for some privacy because the vector commitment actually hides the revocation status of its serial number. So in conclusion we have proposed a new ideal functionality for commitments that we call non interactive commitments because it doesn't involve interaction between committer and verifier. And we have shown an efficient construction for it which can be based on feathers and commitments and we have shown how to use that functionality to actually provide a mechanism so that different functionalities in a hybrid protocol receive the same input. And this allows modular design for example a fact that basically revocation and we have also proposed this construction for revocation so thank you for your attention.


Good afternoon. It is Wednesday, March 10th still and we are picking up on JRH2, which is the Apology for the Eugenics Survey. And we have invited Representative Ann Donahue in this afternoon. This will be pretty much the testimony we take on this bill this week, this resolution this week. And then we'll start during next week while we're post crossover, we'll take this up again. To work on the language with some of the suggestions that have been made. And we wanted to bring you in, Representative Donahue, we wanted to bring you in because you have a real historic connection and institutional knowledge, if you will, on what we're trying to do here. And if you could just relate some of the history that you bring to the table, not only with your past, with your past proposal for an apology, but also I think one of the things that concerns me that people should know more about is this notion of language. And you were instrumental probably 10, probably when the apology didn't happen 10 or 12 years ago to start ridding our statutes of the language that was used. And one of the things that we, no matter what, oh, it was the time is a common excuse for a lot of things. But again, it's language, it's words and they were hurtful. So welcome back to House General. Thank you very much, Representative Donahue. And I really am grateful for the work that this committee is doing on this issue. As your chair mentioned, probably 10 years ago, I think or so that I first brought a proposed resolution forward after having learned a little bit, really about the survey, but also the outcomes of the eugenics, the movement, the sterilization program and so forth. And my initial interest and focus was because of the relationship to people in our psychiatric hospital at the time, the Vermont State of Salem for the insane and my own experience with mental illness has led to a significant interest in that whole area. So I did do a fair amount of research at the time and it was really clear that when you look at the eugenics legislation, which has been my real focus, the primary expressed intent was to reduce the growth of the targeted population, that population being mental defectives in order to reduce the growing size and costs of our institutions for mental illness and developmental disability. Old expression, follow the money. And it was the money that was a big driver of the legislation. However, it obviously disproportionately targeted people who were not necessarily insane or developmentally dislaid. It disproportionately targeted people because of what's sometimes called the social construct of a diagnosis of mental illness or mental defectiveness, diagnoses that are based upon systemic racism and biases rather than valid medical science. And I think it's important to note that that social construct continues to influence our mental health system today. Patients locked up in the Vermont psychiatric care hospital are 15% non-white contrasted to being 6% of the Vermont population. So that overlay of the sentiments that were going on in the state at the time around very highly racist attitudes very much influenced who was in those institutions and therefore who was targeted by the legislation and the sterilization movement. These were state actions. That's why I think they require a state apology. And that's both to repudiate the past but also as part of a commitment to continue to try to overcome the implicit biases that remain and continue to work for more equitable health outcomes which of course is the bill that we're working on in the health care committee right now. So this is really a preamble to our work. It dovetails what we're trying to achieve in our health care system today. So I really, I apologize if you've heard some of the things I wanted to just read a few real focus today to read a few of the excerpts that most moved me when I started researching this from some of the documents at the time because I think they say a lot and I sent the fuller quotes today for your committee but just from a couple of them. The first one from a Burlington Free Press article in 1926 which was five years before legislation was actually adopted. So it's part of how you build up the sentiments of the community, right? Farmers today are paying much more attention to good breeding of their cattle. They find they have much better results with cows of good breeding. This same care is not being given to the choosing of human mates. Therefore such institutions as the home for the feeble minded at Brandon are filled with children whose parents are not as carefully selected as are the breed cattle. In a survey, it was found that many of the children in Brandon have some relative in one of the penal institutions or insane asylums of the state. The Vermont institutions are nearly filled. Five years later, the Free Press in an editorial said, something must be done to control the mental defectives in Vermont. Both for the sake of improving the population generally and in order to control the rapidly mounting cost of the Department of Public Welfare. The question arises whether we're going to continue trying to keep up with the increase in mental defectives by adding more buildings and appropriating more money to operate them or adopt the new policy of confining only the most dangerous cases and allowing others their liberty after sterilization to guard against reproduction of their kind. And the third one was from the inaugural address of the governor of the state of Vermont in 1931, Governor Wilson. I call your attention to the fact that the numbers of our insane and feeble minded is constantly increasing with a corresponding increase in burden cast upon the communities and the state. We are doing our duty about the care of these unfortunate but practically nothing to prevent a further increase in their number. Medical science points out one definite course which has been successfully followed in other states. The supervisors of the insane in their biannual report recommend the enactment of a properly safeguarded sterilization law. You will do well to give this matter serious consideration. And the legislature then did pass that law. The last piece that I wanna note is the concept, Vermont was actually criticized because we were not aggressive enough because our statute said that sterilizations had to be voluntary rather than other states that allowed them to be involuntary. What that meant though is really well captured in a letter that was written to the attorney general from the director of the Brandon training school making an inquiry as to what was adequate for voluntary consent. And I read from the letter, we have a boy age 23 who has now completed his training at the Brandon state school. He is definitely feeble minded with the intelligence on the level of an imbecile. He thoroughly understands the purposes and nature of the operation and that it will prevent him from having children. He has requested that such operation be performed. Side by side description as being intelligence on the level of an imbecile, but he fully can give voluntary consent and understands what he's consenting to. The letter was raising a concern because his father had objected in writing to the surgery. But his father was an ignorant, feeble minded person as well. So they wanted to not give regard to the written request of the father and the attorney general said, no, you don't have to pay any attention to the father because since he's over 21, that's not an impediment as long as he meets the voluntariness standard. So that's a flavor of some of the extremely unfortunate things that were occurring and that I think we do need to say, this was wrong, we recognize it, we apologize for it. And now we're gonna try to move forward and work on getting beyond the implicit biases that affect so much of what we do, whether it's based on race or ethnicity or disability and an awful lot of medical bias that goes on simply because a person may have a diagnosis of mental illness, so we don't have to disregard what they're saying about their symptoms, for instance. And there's a lot of study and knowledge about that now. So we have a lot of work to do, but I think it's an important step to recognize some of the underpinnings that existed in our state, not all that long ago. Representative Zanyi, did your research cover when you were deep into your research? One of the things that stood out to me in the last couple of years of focusing on this, and I know we've had this conversation over time, but not as deeply as we have over the last year in change. Just the process of legislating, you're a stickler for details and for the process. And what strikes me is in 1925, we almost passed the bill and it was vetoed because of the constitutionality issue. And then in 1927, there was a court case that said nationally, it's okay to sterilize someone involuntarily, basically. And if you want to direct quote on why it's okay, it is better for all the world if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime or letting them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind. That's the US Supreme Court decision. In 1927.  And I keep seeing these building blocks that every issue seems to have building blocks, right? You have to provide a case. And this was a case that was built both in and out of the legislature.  Yes, yes, and read of course, Breeding Better Vermonters, which goes into that a great deal. So yes, clearly this was, there's a lot of even just what I sent and didn't read from talks about the fears about the good Vermont stock being diluted away by these influences. That's what they were looking at in this study. And one can argue that at least some of those people may have had good intentions if we reach out and help people who are caught in cycles of poverty that we can change this as opposed to identifying them in order to take their children away or label them in certain ways. But clearly it was a building block and we all know where it ended too because Nazi Germany was only building that block of purifying the good blood and getting rid of the rest. One of the lines that I have here in my notes from the commission was that the doctrine quote, that the doctrine be spread, that it is the patriotic duty of every normal couple to have children in sufficient number to keep up to par the good old Vermont stock. Well, that's exactly right. And I guess exactly. Vermont's constantly skimming off the cream of our younger population. And it's absolutely. So it's first we have, there's two ways to improve the population. First, to encourage larger families amongst the physically and mentally fit. Those who are able to make their way in the world. And second, to bring about by one means or another a less rapid increase in the unfit part of the population. And this was, because this was eugenics, this was hiding behind the notion of genetics as opposed to social conditions. Right, that's right. It was a new emerging field and they believe that you could follow these as genetic traits and therefore you could, through genetics, you could weed out and get rid of the unfit. What, when we talk about the continuing effects in the psychiatric that we've heard from indigenous witnesses and some from the disabled rights groups now the independent living. And we actually did hear some from a witness from the French Canadian descent. What do you see in the area that you studied as, I mean, you mentioned it a little bit at the beginning of your testimony, but just as the ongoing effects that exist still for what we can be responsible for, which is our statutes and our programming. So I have a sister-in-law who died and she's not unique. She died from internal bleeding. She had been to the emergency room. She had a long history of mental illness and she was not in so many words, but in effect told, this is all in your head, the pain you're experiencing and was sent home. And that is, there is something that the diagnostic term, not diagnostic term, the term of art is called diagnostic overshadowing. And what it means is if a person comes in and they have that label on them, that they have a history of mental illness. It's one of those implicit biases. This is not a conscious decision or assessment by the physician, but that diagnosis overshadows the other symptoms and that person's symptoms are judged differently. And as a result, there's significant health outcomes because of lack of appropriate treatment. And that's a well-studied phenomenon. And it's similar to the impact of other implicit biases that influences. I don't know if you've heard the very recent sort of staggering study that was done on why people of color were being hit much less significantly than other populations by the opiate epidemic. There were fewer opiate overdoses among people of color, particularly among blacks than there were among whites. Why? What was the protective factor? Well, the protective factor was two-fold. It all had to do with being prescribed fewer opiates and therefore less at risk of addiction. They were prescribed fewer because of perceptions that they were at higher risk of abuse and that we all know that blacks have higher pain tolerance so they don't need as many opiates for their pain. And those were the operative factors that resulted in lower appropriate prescriptions of opiates. But as a secondary effect, less opiate addiction, the fallout that happened for so many others. And is this diagnostic overshadowing? This is a recent case to me, to my knowledge was Serena Williams. Here was one of the most powerful athletes didn't need to have insurance. They could pay out of pocket for the best healthcare in the world and she almost died because the doctors didn't catch. They didn't see what is a common, postpartum factor in her health. My first year in the legislature, I had a medical symptom that was actually having, suddenly my legs were going weak under me, I was falling and I went to the emergency room. And my chair that afternoon told my committee members, Anne isn't here, she had something come up, she had to go to the hospital. And the first reaction from somebody else in the committee was, oh, what kind of a hospital? Why would you? Representative Callacchi. Thank you, Representative Donahue. I have two questions for you if I may. First is when you talked to us last year about this resolution, you shared a story about the unmarked grades that I just, and I just wonder if you'd be willing to share that again for the new members of the committee, because that is also an impact that this whole thing we're talking about. Sure, and the kind of deep personalizing in many ways as well. I had always been aware that there was a graveyard somewhere on the grounds of the Vermont State Hospital. I had never gone to look at it, but after the flood, I became concerned that when we closed down the hospital and moved it elsewhere that it would get forgotten. So actually with a great deal of effort, I found it in the woods abandoned, overgrown and also discovered the fact that none of these graves had been marked. They'd apparently been marked at one time with little wooden crosses, no names on them. There was a granite marker that had been put up many years later that reflected the fact that there were 19 or so, not even a unknown number, people who had died at the state hospital and been buried there anonymously. And actually with the help of this legislature, I mean, it is now in very well-tended condition, I'm happy to say, that there was a response to the concerns. We also passed this little tiny piece of legislation, little special annexemption for access to medical records of people long since deceased, which are otherwise still protected for the explicit purpose of trying to track down and identify who the people were in these graves. And I actually spent a good deal of time doing that. And it's clear that I'm not gonna be able to come up with a final definitive list, although I have a pretty good list and I'm actually planning to have a plaque made to place at the new Vermont psychiatric care hospital to remember those people by their names, not just as anonymous and anonymous gravesite, but. And this is the gravesite that's up off of the other side of the highway now or the other side of where it tracks up, actually not too far down from the bike trail, that's there. And it's, yeah, because of the bike trail now, it's easily accessible, it used to be difficult to find, now it's easily accessible and it's also well-tended. So it makes it much easier. From the bike trail, you can now see the granite marker. Right, and did we share the thing that the, when that cemetery was used at the turn of the century, the trees had actually been cut down so that they could see, those buried there could see the hospital. That was the high spot that overlooked, you know, that area. A pinnacle, but they also, in order to beautify it, had planted pine trees around it. And that is why that area now has this batch of huge old pine trees. They were planted by the patients at the time around the cemetery. And this operated as kind of a potter's field because in the corner of Hope Cemetery, at the very back of Hope Cemetery, there are a number of more contemporary graves for people who died at the hospital, you know, up through, well, up through 2011. Well, the laws changed to require communities to take care of their own deceased if they could send them back to their communities. So this cemetery was only used for a relatively short period of time, this unmarked one, because after that, they changed the law to require home communities to take them. So I'm assuming those at Hope Cemetery probably are the people that they could not identify a hometown to send them back to. But there are also two individuals who were buried somewhere on the grounds of the state hospital because for varied reasons, they weren't able to move them to the center. And I mean, that was the worry when all the construction happened down there was that they would be discovered at something, you know, just disinterred by accident. Right. Representative Murphy. Sorry. So, John, go ahead, I'm sorry. And I know that you and I shared kind of language as we were reintroducing this resolution and it has evolved. And it's, I think that the chair is gonna, you know, we're gonna look at it again and evolve it. But I would really appreciate it if you look carefully at the resolution as it now stands. And if you have any input, because I think naming the affected communities is really important for all of us on this committee. And you've done so much work on this. So anything you can send to the chair or to the committee would be deeply appreciated. Thank you. I will do that. All right. Thank you. Representative Murphy. Thank you, Chair Stevens. Representative Donahue, I know you've done just an incredible amount of study, research, and trying to pull up documents on this over the past. And I wondered if you have any information on the actual vote on the act of 1931, number 174 when it actually passed. Was it just a voice vote where you don't have a recording? You know, I don't remember, I would have that. I actually have the, I mean, our state has more than a lot of states in terms of a record. And there actually UVM has a very extensive collection of documents, which is where most of my research ended up coming from. And I mean, I can send you that link, but I also could probably find in my notes whether there was a vote or not. I just don't remember. I haven't re-looked at that research recently. Yeah, I would really appreciate that. I have a personal connection for the 1931 vote. Would love to know if it's where I can discover an answer to my question, or if it just needs to be let lie. And Representative Murphy, I might send a, you might be able to send an email to Michael Chernick, who might have access to that. He's kind of the keeper of those kinds of archives. Right. And so you might want to see, send him an inquiry. Yeah, I thought that if Ann had already done that, I would not request it again. I think it would be a pretty deep dive. So if it's already been done and Ann had it, I just thought I'd find out before I made a formal request. Thank you. Sure. Representative Blumlee. Okay, Representative Blumlee. Yes, I'm so sorry, because I know that you need to get to your committee, but I have a friend who is on your committee let us know that Judy Dowd was testified here to us, had just testified in your committee. And I was wondering if there was anything that she said that, you know, that would be important for us to keep in mind. Well, I mean, her testimony was very valuable as, I mean, we've had a number of witnesses on the impacts today. I mean, she was testifying about the health equity bill and, you know, the effects and a lot of them, particularly in Vermont for, you know, the native Abnakis and other native groups is that they feel the need to hide their identity and are more suspicious of the medical and service professions and all of that because they live with this generationally, they're very aware from, you know, generations before them of what it meant when, you know, the state came to help and the things that happened. So it very much affects today in terms of accessing medical care. Thank you. Any further questions for Representative Donahue at this time? Being respectful of all of our non-existent free time, I would thank you for taking this half hour and as Representative Kalaki mentioned, if you can take a look at the or maybe wait a few days and see what, we'll let you know that there's a new draft available because Nancy Gallagher made some suggestions that were fairly spot on, not too many, but we're really... We would know. What's that? She would know. I mean, she's the preeminent. Yeah. And, you know, again, we did a lot of the work on the writing last year. And so, but no, I thank you for this testimony and for, you know, sharing some of your stories. It is the privilege of hearing the stories even under this circumstance of Zoom is really deep for me. And I appreciate the time you're taking to share with us and helping us move this forward. I really appreciate that you're taking it and with such a gravitas and moving it because I think it is incredibly important. If people don't understand the past and know what happened in the past, it's a lot harder to understand why it would still influence things today and why there are in fact still issues today that people don't really understand the source or why there would even be concerns or issues. So. Right. All right. And I think we will, I will be in touch with you before we go on the floor whenever that may be. Thank you. There is, because I have a question about language. And I won't, we won't talk about it now, but I mean that's to go from disabled to, from what used to be used is, it's hard. It's a hard, so we'll talk on that language sensitivity a little bit closer to us finishing work on the bill. Thank you so much. All right. Thank you, Representative. All right. You can, yeah. So committee, we're going to revisit this next week. I'm going to ask Ron to post, before I ask Michael Chernek to do any rewriting. Nancy Gallagher had provided some language. I believe it's under, it's on our webpage. And John also did some, some a little bit of rewriting work on the resolution as well. And I'll, I think we can talk about that next week, but take a look at the, take a look at Nancy Gallagher's comments. And John, if we can post yours as well. And then it's, because I think it's time to start working on the language, I've asked Ron to check in with the folks who have testified with us to invite them back to be in the room when we take this up again. And to see if there's anybody else who may want to testify. I know there were some, at least a couple of people who testified last year who did not this year. And we can double check with them to see if they wanted to testify. But it was some of the most moving testimony last year. And I don't think it would be easy for them to come back in unless they chose to. Thoughts on this before we end the day. So let's just sit with that. And we'll see you tomorrow at nine.


In this paper, the authors present a new methodology for studying the water retention curve, WRC. They use AXRAY computed tomography, CT, to observe the changes in the microstructure of a sand sample during cyclic drainage and imbubition. This allows them to measure and study the capillary state variables, which are related to the macroscopic WRC. The authors believe their findings will provide valuable insight into the microstructural origins of water retention behavior, including its hydraulic hysteresis and clues for effective stress in unsaturated granular soils. This article was authored by Marius Milatz, Edward Ando, Joachino Vigiani, and others.


I don't hold it against you.  Very hairy guy, man. Thanks Hey, Sarge Get up here. Come say hi to the good people. Come say hi to the good people Come on I'm texting again today guys. Just warning you Honorary Texan today the other day. I was in honorary, Arizona. I need a shirt from like every state. I think restate Let's go look. I'm sure they got him online somewhere. You can get a shirt from every state, but today Texas what do the text do this with Texas does Texas or is that something totally different? Did I just defend somebody to that was that like a Gang symbol or something. I thought this meant Texas, Texas No, they're not mean Texas. I'm a Canadian. I don't know these things. Sorry. Hey Hey, let's go bud. Put her in gear. I Don't know. I can't wait to battle tonight. I can't wait to battle get your feet on okay fine Then don't sit on my throne if you're not gonna actually do any work, man That's the working chair right there.  You're expected to work You know, I don't know what work is man. I just I just eat food and fart.  You look tired stuff? Hey, you sleep good. Are you up all night guarding the truck good boy? You can sleep all day now all day.  You are Okay, we've already been running around here for a while, so they're all tuckered out. That's why he Can't even stand. He's all tired Let's get on the road. We got to get to Iowa We only got three hours to get there. I think we're in Iowa. Do you know what we're at this casino? And we slept that last night diamond Joe casino Looks very nice at night during the day. It looks like a regular building, but at night is all you saw the pictures from yesterday, right? If you didn't go back and watch yesterday's vlog links down below in the description Oh Don't bite me man, don't bite me. That's not a good habit. That's not a good habit Shouldn't be biting people only the people don't need the bad people. I'm a good person. I'm the good guy At least in this truck I am Hey Hey, salute to you left undone and Joe Lane Patriotic I Want to treat anything to you? All right. Hey Nobody coming. I'm coming morning time out of my way There's that diamond casino. I was telling you about diamond Joe casino For some money away. Maybe next time 35 South What what why? Yeah, the burger king here. I forgot about that yummy Stay officer. Oh Your do t.   Oh Oh, oh Driver you're in trouble. You're in trouble driver Wonder what he did wrong. Yeah, he's getting them. He's gonna get I know he's only got him Trucker cops turn right on to I-35 sound As long as he's wearing his uniform and driving his work vehicle. I try to avoid him look at him I don't talk to him for a barbecue Here we go. Here we go. This is the one right? Yeah Yeah, we dress up again same places last time exact same place So except I got cooler shades on this time once I get out of the truck though I actually have to put on the safety shades, but these are just as safe, but you're not approved I'm not making fun of them They actually didn't tell me to use my safety glasses. They were okay with me using these but I know that technically Technically we're supposed to be wearing the approved ones, but mine you guys all thought they were all dirty, right? No, those are scratches That's how bad it is. They're scratched up so bad. That's why I don't like wearing them. They're so dark These I just bought these I sort of like these better. I've never had orange lenses like that before For last time we're here. We're talking about safety and how important it is safety's no joke But this beard is a joke look at this I need to shave this man. It's like Trim that out. Oh boy And it grows this way you see that hmm, why did you grow that way so annoying? Go straight. We're here and we're gonna get unloaded safely. No doubt about it. I Better not hurt myself.  I'm sorry They won't let you out of the truck here. They gave me specific instructions. You have to stay in the vehicle at all times I'm sorry, man We'll go for a run after Which that would be the case for me I would say look at me be like you sir are not allowed to do anything you have to stay in your truck How will you have a nap and we'll do all the work for you? Hey? There's an idea right there No, I have to Open the doors. I have to slide my axles on my trailer. Remember the other day. We were talking about sliding axles Here they like you or they? Demand you to slide your axles on your trailer right to the back of the trailer That's just that it's a little more stable when they're going in there Personally, I think it's a little uselessly pointless But hey, I'm just a driver. I don't know anything, right? So once I slide the axles to the back I got to open the trailer doors and then back into the dock let them unload And then I got to clean out my trailer afterwards. Yes, I was ready for the next load It looks like I'm headed up a little further north from here Towards Waterloo, and I'm gonna be picking up a trailer that's going to be loaded there So I might be losing this trailer that I have which is it I'm kind of sad about it Remember showing you the little halo tail lights. I like those This is one of the new trailers that we have it's like brand spanking new and I've been able to pull it around with Me for the last two weeks, and now I'm gonna lose it I might get an old one Well guys you want to play some games or something?  Where you conquer the world pretty much so yeah, I don't know if you guys knew this But I'm a pretty big deal in the world. I have conquered all of North America Except for Alaska There's another guy who's holding on to Alaska, and he's not very nice about it I've also claimed all of the Eastern coast of South America so all of Chile and you know the Eastern Coast all the way up there Mexico is mine Claimed United Kingdom. No, no, I've claimed Scotland and Ireland, but England belongs to another player, and he won't give it back to me He got there first he settled the city there. No I'm supposed to have England But I do have all of Australia except for the bottom little part where Melbourne is I think So my you guys don't really carry. I'm taking over the world in the digital world It's called Sid Meyers civilization. That's the game. I've been playing There goes Patrick So I was just doing my paperwork and whatnot getting ready to go We're headed up to the Waterloo area for the night, and how do you know? Patrick came by and said hi to me so special shout out to you Patrick Thanks for stopping by and saying hi. He was just driving past Ross Park. He was like wait a minute He's at high saw me in the flesh so he watches the videos every day He actually must be pretty diligent on because he knew everything that happened in today's vlog that went up today So you're on the ball Patrick impressive So it's always nice meeting you guys in the person in person in the flesh in the person in the flesh person. I Don't know what I'm trying to say Come and say hi if you see me But if the curtains are drawn Nobody's home. Just saying Oh, is it like a week ago or something? I was sitting at a rest area and I was sleeping I usually drive really late. So I sleep late, right and other people Stop early start early and it was probably about nine in the morning and someone came banging on my door They wanted to say hi to me with I was sleeping But it wasn't really their fault because I didn't put the curtains around the windows So they didn't know I was sleeping. So now when I go to sleep Close the curtains and nobody's home I'm off in a wonderful land of dreams I love it. There's my favorite place Rapids you can see the water tower right there So I'm not lying to you. This is Iowa Nice and green in the summertime. I like Iowa passing through where I'm actually Picking up and delivering 1.4 kilometers take exit 252C on right to life 380 north Thank you very much. Everybody. Let me on the highway Did they make a video or not a video a movie about cedar rapids? Had that guy from the hangover in there I think it was called cedar rapids like an insurance agent or something Exit 252C on right to life 380 north Waterloo Waterloo There's a Waterloo, Ontario, dude, you know that but we're going to Waterloo, Iowa We're gonna stay at the truck stop there And wait for directions tomorrow It's supposed to be a trailer ready for me there in the morning Or is it Evansdale, Iowa? Same thing Got a pretty good spot actually Look at this straight out the driveway.  There is no like angled backing up right They're pretty bad at backing up if they hit me on a straight angle like this right thing They can pull right into the driveway And actually that's what I'm thinking. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm So anyways This is where we're gonna end our day because my day is ending here So I gotta add it up yesterday's and today's so I've got some extra time That'll work well for me Thanks for joining today guys joining every day. Thanks for all your feedback in the comments guys If you guys are looking for a trucker Josh shirt, don't forget down below in the description There's a merch store. You can get your own trucker Josh shirt. I'm coming out with new designs soon Uh, I've got the new uh, I've got royalties to a few new logos that I'm going to be putting Onto new shirts and stuff and I'm really looking forward to releasing them But I like the old ones won't say like trucker Josh right here or something Uh Other than that there's links to past blogs of mine down below in the description We're coming down to vidcon in less than two weeks. We're really excited about that Vlogger fairs in august. So there's two events this summer That we'll be at if you guys are going to be at either one of them Let me know so that we can be arranged a meet-up if there's going to be enough of you guys out there who Know me Maybe I'll schedule a meet-up down in the anaheim area there while i'm down there So we can all uh Go need or something go and get ribs at montanas or I don't know Show me the sights of something. I'm gonna go to the beach at least one or two days I'm gonna go roam around hollywood and act like I live there for a while And I'll have my motorbike with me And i'm talking about anaheim uh for vidcon in the next couple of weeks. We're really looking forward to it We'll see what happens It should be good. There's a lot of my youtuber friends that are going to be there I'm excited to see them again. If you guys are watching Let me know if you're coming if you want to hang out I'll be around i'm staying right close to the convention center And actually i'm really close to disneyland as well. I sort of want to go to disneyland Let's see what finances say when we get there, but I might have to at least make an appearance. I got to go see mickey mouse Actually, I really want to see goofy. He's my favorite. Who's your favorite disney character? Let me know down below in the description and stay tuned for the slideshow. I'll see you tomorrow