Dupont presents the Cavalcade of America. Ladies and gentlemen, the Cavalcade of America sponsored by Dupont, maker of better things for better living through chemistry, presents Eagle's Nest, a story of Garibaldi, the great Italian liberator, written by Conrad Bercovici and made into a radio play by Arthur Miller. Tonight Paul Muni will portray two roles, Garibaldi, fighter for Italian freedom, and Alberto Liguri, who embodies the spirit of Garibaldi in modern Italy. Dupont presents Paul Muni on the Cavalcade of America. The four words to battle, the trumpets are crying. The four words, the four words are long gone. There goes the heart of a thousand to one. That is Garibaldi's song. It is not heard in Italy today. We hope it will be heard again soon. We wish these words could be heard there tonight. Because I have a letter in my hand, written by Garibaldi to an American. It has never been published. On November 13th, 1866, Garibaldi sat in Capriera and wrote this to Americans. These are his words. The sympathy which comes to me from free men, citizens of a great nation like your soul, gives me courage for my task in the cause of liberty and progress. I regard the American people as the sole arbiter of questions of humanity amid the universal fraudum of the soul and the intellect. Please express these, my sentiments, to your countrymen and believe me, yours for life, to set the Garibaldi. So you see, America has a right to speak to Italy. Garibaldi bequeathed to us that privilege. Tonight, the voice of Garibaldi speaks to lovers of liberty everywhere. No Nazi government will tell this story, but we, we will tell it. Listen, listen for there are Italians speaking Garibaldi's words this very night. Signor Marino! Marino! Eh, eh, what? Vecca, I told you I was bringing you prisoner. Oh yes, I just fell asleep a moment ago. Is this the man? This is the man. He caught him signalling with a flashlight to the American planes last night. The penalty for that is death. Sentence him. Stand up straight, you! I cannot, Herr Colonel. At least it's very hard for me to sentence this man to death. I know him a long time. He's an old man. I speak for the German armies, Signor Marino. You are the mayor of this city. Sentence him. Herr Colonel, leave me with him for an hour. I want to ask him something in private, please. The guards are outside the door. They carry good German guns. Good guns, yes. They'll have him right away, please. Good night. Signor Marino. The parrot spoke last night. The parrot spoke? Liguri, don't lie. Twenty years I've called Benito Mussolini a traitor to Italy. And I swore that only one of the people realized it. Only then would you set me up all these parrots to get. You laughed at me.   Last night, the parrot spoke. Not since the day Mussolini came to power, as he uttered a sound. As Garabaldi told us, the old ones he told, when another tyrant comes to Italy, he said, even the birds will be silent. This was his parrot. Seventy years ago, he gave it to my father. Last night, I took the cage to the window like this. Liguri, please, don't touch that cage. And I took the cover off. I don't want to hear the bird. Don't uncover it. No Italian has to fear the words of Garabaldi. Or are you a German Marino? Old man, have you no flesh that can burn under a lighted cigar? No bones that can crack? How are you so brave? Let me understand. I saw Giuseppe Garabaldi. Listen, Marino. Listen to her voice that leeches back seventy years. Here, I'll uncover the bird. Giuseppe's bird. It never spoke. Nobody remembers it speaking. We were. We were like that. Down with the tyrants. Down with the tomb of voice, Marino. Don't crush away. Let it cleanse your blood that it did your father's a lifetime ago. The invaders were on the stand as they are now, riding out backs like horsemen. Italy was cut into parts like the carcass of some murdered saint. There was no Italy then, only Lombardi or Sicily or Savoy. But one man lived who called himself Italian. Giuseppe Garabaldi. Calling a piece of the earth into it, naming it again with its beautiful name, drawing the broken parts together like a fire, drawing the steel, breathing a nation into life, and they hounded him through the hills for that crime. And a night came in Piedmont nearly a century ago in a tavern there. The people sat huddled by the fire. Even in those days, the sudden opening of a door sometimes meant death. Silent? Go on with your talking friends. I'm not a hun from the north. In fever. Some wine for my wife and me. I don't want any troubles in yours. I keep my place open only for local people. Oh, I see. Tell me, do you serve the invaders? Well, naturally, senor, but... And do you serve the imperial French? Senor, they are hunting a bandit tonight and I don't want any strangers hanging around. Come, Giuseppe. Leave him alone. You don't want strangers. You only serve local people, and yet you pour wine for strangers. I am an Italian, and you will serve me. Am I right, good people? The end people didn't mean it that way, senor. Don't get excited. They're hunting a bandit. I know better than you that they're hunting a bandit. Nobody has to tell us they're hunting, senor. See, who are you?  What do you want here? I want Italians here. Is there an Italian in this tavern? Is there an Italian here or am I speaking to my... If you're not speaking to my senor, don't come around here calling people mice. And I'm someone I asked for Italian. I am a thing. I am Italian. Now, what are you going to do about it? That's better. You're angry. Now we have something in common. Listen to me, friend. I will tell you a strange dream of mine. A dream? Imagine a new country from the Alps to Sicily through all the ranges of mountains over every river, bay. Imagine one flag flying. Think of it, friend. A country that builds schools instead of fortresses. A country with one name for all of it. Italy. And all around the world that name means something tall and fine instead of something miserable and mean. There's a dream Italian. What do you think of it? Ah, it's a grand dream senor. It's the grandest dream I've ever heard. That won't catch rabbits or turn into stools. Dreams cost nothing. You can't pass them across the bread counter. By the time tomorrow's sun goes up this dream will be as real as bread. This is the time when a sane man keeps indoors and shuts his mouth. When the invaders go hunting... When the invaders go hunting all rabbits should crawl into their holes. I am not a rabbit. And no Italian, senor in keeper.  Tonight he roars back at the wind and makes the sky tremble. Tonight belongs to no man but only to Italy. You sir, be careful now. Open the door in keeper. If it is a foreigner say you have no room. I will say what I want to say. Senor, God bless you. It is so cold tonight. Let me stand a bit by the fire. Oh, beggars are loud. I'm afraid of the roads, senor. They're covered with invaders. Now that the fighting is broke out. Fighting? What fighting? They say the people are really going after them in fordure. Who told you? When did it start? Tell me old man. Well, it must have started just a little while ago. I was there only ten o'clock. Holy man. It's Garibaldi. Garibaldi. Yes. Yes, I'm Garibaldi and this is my wife. And if you want to save your skin deliver me to the conqueror grab his arms, I'll share the reward. Yes, go ahead and share the reward. But the whole of it mind you, the whole of it share the unutterable curse your children will lay upon you each of you.  No one raised it at hand? Why not? Because you know in your heart that I'm your friend. Where do we go? We march on Rome when morning comes and as we move all the people like a river behind us will you be there when the sun comes up? He's coming in here. Garibaldi here. Who wants Garibaldi? My name is Sears, American senior. I've come to fight with Garibaldi if I can find him before this revolution is over. Italians, do you hear this? They're coming from America to help us. There you stand back now. Are you coming, Pepe? Pepe and I will be there. Pepe, come to my house. Good people! Turn your eyes toward Rome and march! How is she now? She's better, isn't she? I couldn't get a doctor. Pepe scared them all out of Rome. Don't go near her. Let her sleep. I told her not to go into battle with me this time. I begged her, Sears. For Rome, she said, I want to fight by your side. Women fighting in an army means there's liberty involved. I believe that. Look. Look how hard her breath is coming. Try to get a doctor again. I've got to go back to the lines. We're surrounded in Rome. Have you called in the Fourth Battalion? I have no more battalions to call. Decepticons. Anita, you're awake. Good, my sweet. Stretch your arms out. Come, throw away this sickness. You need troops. I got strong, Anita. I'll be a thousand men myself. You need troops. You must not lose Rome. I'll hold Rome. Anita. Your hands. Your hands are so cold. You're losing Rome, Decepticons. I can tell it from your voice. The kings of Europe are throwing their armies at us. I never knew they hated liberty this much. They have us a thousand to one. Decepticons. Look down at the state. People, thousands of them. What could have happened? They're packing the streets like a flood. Anita. Go to the window. Talk to the people. Ask them to fight. It's their city. They must fight for it. I wanted to speak to them, but they have no guns. Let them pick up the guns of the soldiers who fall. Let the women go to the kitchens for knives. The people must be their own soldiers. Tell them you have no more troops. What if they panic and run away? People. I'll just sit up. Anita. Sears, come over here. Anita. Open your eyes. Anita. She's dead, Decepticons. Dave. Anita, Dave. Leave her. Don't look at her now. How can I leave her? She was my conscience. My very eyes.   Look to the north. You're shelling the cathedral. Decepticons, speak before the people break to the hills. The people, how can they know what they've lost? Trust the people, she said. Good. Then we'll at rest their hearts. Anita and I. And pray, God, American, that they'll listen. People of Rome. Italians. Hear me. You're standing on the first piece of liberated earth in Italy. With the power of your arms, you have lifted Rome before the nations of the world and called her a pre-city. In blood, you have written that freedom is possible for Italians just as it was possible for the people of Rome. You're standing on the first piece of liberated earth in Italy. You're standing on the first piece of liberated earth in Italy. That freedom is possible for Italians just as it was possible for the Americans. No defeat can wrench that from us. This is your Lexington. This is your valley forge. I asked you now to go to the gates, you, the women and their daughters, you, the old men and the young.  And with your strong right arm, strike them dead! You are listening to Paul Muni as Garibaldi, the great Italian liberator on the cavalcade of America, sponsored by Dupont. Overwhelmed by superior numbers, Garibaldi loses Rome. His army broken, he escapes with the American seers to the back country where he seeks refuge from the pursuing enemy. Through the night they seek food and shelter. Here's another house. Come on Seers. They'll try this one. This one's well hidden. You'll never find us here. Breathing friend, I am Garibaldi. Have you a place for my friend and me just for a few hours? I'm sorry. My house is full.  They're scouring the countryside for me. Let me in. Yours is the last house on the road. The others have all refused. I cannot let you in, senor. I cannot. I fight for them. I offer my life for them. Why? Will they ever understand what liberty means? Are they any more than cattle that follows the first wind-taught water, forgetting it utterly when for a moment it dies down? Seven. We have one chance. We'll make for the coast. The ship's leaving for America. Come on. America, yes, America.  Take me there, Seers. We'll rest before we fight again in Italy. My little American friends, we better go home now. Time for supper. St. Mr. Garibaldi, is there still a Rome in Italy? A Rome in Italy? Of course there's still a Rome. Why? When you said you lost it, don't that mean it's gone? Gone? No. St. Peter's is still there and the golden dome, but the people are not free. The people are prisoners in Rome and in their own cities they are slaves. Oh, I frighten you. No. I just wondered why somebody doesn't free them. I tried, my little friend. I tried. They were not ready for freedom. They would not fight hard enough to be free men. Well, why doesn't somebody tell them to fight hard and keep telling them? I'm a little ashamed, Johnny.  But it can be done, Garibaldi. I didn't see you standing there.  As a matter of fact, I hope it'll become as familiar to you as your own. I'm walked with that seat, of course. I'm very happy to meet you, sir. I'm here with a message for you, Senior Garibaldi. And what is the message you have? Oh, it's coming to the state. We expect it soon. Yes, I see it very clearly. Your name on our side, the American people will know beyond any doubt that the side Garibaldi fights with is the side of liberty. It is curious that you came just now, Walt Whitman. For many months, I've been wondering whether my whole life was in state, whether people love liberty enough to win and keep it and die to hold it for their children.  I knew that once and lost my faith. For a moment, I lost my faith in defeat. And now it is rekindled again. Now this pact burns in me. I see I must be a soldier again. And I must tell you, frankly, I would rather fight the same fight in Italy than my own home. That is where I'm going. It is in Italy, I belong. Italian, I offer you blood and pain and battle. But who follows me, follows liberty. In this war, we are arm and arm with the best of the human race. Our hope is the hope of millions. And to be alive, we dare not lose. The Baldy said, Marino, over 18 years ago, with the song of his battle cry, got a baldy march through Italy. The enemy fleeing before him through Castelletto, remember, and got an aura, a glorious victory and borgo manero. Do not forget that, Marino, only went on the swelling tide to Palermo in the heart of Sicily. The Garabaldi legions swept across the channel to the province of Calabria on the Italian boot. The gates of Regio crumbled before them. And there on a day in November 1860, the Italian nation was born. The Garabaldi thousands swept into it, Naples, on the Tiranian Sea. Remember that, Marino? Remember what Garabaldi said that day? I do. What he says and said lives in every true Italian heart. Italians said, you have your freedom. In suffering it was conceived. In blood it was born.  Do not betray this glorious hour. Keep Italy free. Coming for me, Marino. Give me one more minute. Tell them to wait a minute. Colonel wants the Prisma before the firing squad. Yes, yes. One more minute. I'll bring him right out. One minute. We can in and get him. What do you want to tell me, Ligori? Let me climb out of that window. I'll get away behind the house. They'll hold me for it.  Come with me then. There's so much work to be done in Italy. In a few days we'd blow the railroad bridge by the river. We could use you there. No, I'm a coward. I have no strength. My blood is water. I'm afraid. This is Garabaldi's battle I'm asking you to join. If you could have seen him even once, you'd lay down your life. If I could have seen him, but I never did see him. Garabaldi is dead. I cannot fight with a man who's dead 70 years. Germans, they're alive.  They can shoot and kill, and no dead man can help me when they aim at my eyes. I still he can. Garabaldi's not dead, Marino. Look through that window. Out there across the Mediterranean, over there in Africa, 300,000 Garabaldis are riding torres tonight. In iron horses they come this time. Walt Whitman sends them. Lincoln sends them. America sends them to tell us that Garabaldi is not dead. We are a tight Marino. Not Germans. Rome will be under siege again. Garabaldi will walk the barricades again. With whom will you fight? The battle begins this minute. With whom will you fight, Marino?  It's closed. Try to do it with one blow. Here, I lock the door. Go ahead. Hit me. Then run as fast as you can. Garabaldi's name.  With one blow, now. Night, Signor Marino. Long live Italy. Thank you, Paul Muni. Ladies and gentlemen, in years of peace, we took this time on the last cavalcade of the year to wish you a happy new year. But tonight we think the only greeting America wants from DuPont is the assurance that chemistry, as one part of American industry, is in their fighting. Out of 87 DuPont plants are pouring at this moment not hundreds, but thousands. Yes, thousands of materials in the thousands of tons for victory. These were the DuPont news headlines of 1942. Anthroquinone vat dai colors, production five times that of two years ago. DuPont supplying more than half of all such dyes used in service uniforms. Nitrogen in the form of ammonia flowing night and day to American industry. Nitrogen drawn by chemistry from the air. DuPont cellophane as a protective medium is saving thousands of tons of metal and is protecting many of the emergency rations for our armed forces. Nylon brush bristles for the Navy smash a bottleneck. Outwear Japanese blockaded natural bristles three to one. Rayon tow used as pump packing in war plants lasts two months where the best long fibered flax lasted two weeks. Three dimensional seeing speeds production in war plants and arsenals. Scientific use of paint gets 100% more usable light from same amount of electricity. Synthetic camphor vitally needed for wartime plastics and films breaks Japanese camp for monopoly for all time. DuPont v greasing solvent saves one manufacturer alone 20,000 gallons of naphtha 650 drum spinning oil 56,000 pounds sulfonated castor oil 150,000 pounds of soda ash 75,000 pounds of soaps 250 drums of ammonia conservation by the tons. DuPont cordura rayon yarn for army and air force tires gives proven greater strength running hot than any other material for tire cords. Nylon takes to the air in parachutes. These were some of the DuPont headlines of 1942. These stories of chemistry at work for victory have been presented in a special booklet which cavalcade listeners may have free by writing to radio section DuPont Wilmington Delaware. We feel no hesitancy in promising you that chemistry will contribute much in this new year that lies ahead to winning the war. We know that chemistry will make its contribution next year because it has made its contribution in this first and hardest year. The headlines of 1942 forecast the headlines of 1943 chemistry continues its wartime achievements so that DuPont may bring you soon again better things for better living through chemistry. Next week, ladies and gentlemen, the cavalcade of America sponsored by DuPont will present Nancy Kelly in between them both a play of America today of the young women who fight for victory on the assembly line and have one redheaded girl in particular. Be with us next week when the cavalcade of America sponsored by DuPont presents Nancy Kelly as flurry in between them both a new radio play written especially for cavalcade by the popular screenwriter cave and rifle on tonight's program the orchestra and original score were under the direction of Don Burry. This is Clayton Collier sending best wishes for the new year from DuPont. This program has come to you from New York.


Hey YouTube, DroneTech here.  From over here in the US, it's looking more and more like you all are becoming an Orwellian nightmare. I mean, you can now apparently be arrested and charged for edgy jokes or just saying things that aren't politically correct and this just seems to be more of the same. A 38-year-old mother of two was arrested in her home in front of her children for the high crime of calling a trans-activist a man. They arrested her, they took her photograph, they took her DNA, they took her fingerprints, and then they confiscated all of her electronic devices, which still now, two months later, have not been returned to her. The police responded to questions and said we take all reports of malicious communication seriously. I mean, are these guys really this bored that they don't have anything better to do than to go after people for thought crime? So you also have this sitcom writer over there in the UK, and his name is Gran Linehen, and he also referred to this trans-activist as a man during a Twitter battle that they were having. And afterwards, the police actually showed up to give him a warning, and it's now a scandal over there. The thing that's really messed up is that this trans-activist actually went after Graham's wife and Dockster, put out all of her company information, bunch of personal information, put that out in the public. But the police came after Graham for referring to her as a man. So the offended trans-activist in both of these cases is a man named Stephanie Hayden. And this guy's got a colorful past of using violence when he gets into confrontations with people. There's some police reports showing that he got into a confrontation with a man after he parked his car in front of his in front of his driveway and wouldn't move, the owner of the home threatened to have it towed and this trans-activist got violent, got a golf club and actually hit this man with it. So we're not talking about someone here who's mentally stable. Clearly this guy's got issues. And yet the the media and the government are coming down on people for simply stating an objective fact that's undeniable.  When did we go from live and let live to we're gonna use the government and we're gonna use force in order to coerce you into doing what we want you to do. And this trend of trying to force people to go along with this delusion is taking hold in America as well. And on the internet and social platforms such as Twitter. On Twitter they've now banned so-called dead naming and misgendering. And if you're not familiar with dead naming, it's when you use the name of a transgender person that they've since given up since taking on their new delusional role as a man or a woman. We've definitely crossed over into new territory here where it's not so much about just letting people live their lives. Now you're going to be forced in one way or the other to accept it and not just accept it but play along and endorse it. That's the genetics right now. What are your genetics? So that's the way from the genetics and back to the brain scans. You cut that out now or you'll go home in an ambulance. Yeah that seems mildly inappropriate for a political discussion. And there's an even more concerning trend in the media now where they won't report the actual gender of a trans person when they've committed a violent crime. Just as an example, Chicago media reported an assault on a 79-year-old woman by an obvious man as woman charged with kicking an elderly woman. And just look at this guy. I mean he's clearly not a woman. He's clearly a man and a man who's freaking deranged. And if he hadn't been arrested and the police were out there searching for him, would they still have reported it as a woman? That's not going to make finding him any easier. In fact, that's almost guaranteeing that you won't find him. The Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation, also known as GLAAD, actually has guidelines for reporting crimes that are committed by trans people. There's an organization called the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation, and they actually have guidelines for reporting on crimes committed by so-called trans people. Those guidelines specifically state to exclude mentioning transgender identity in cases involving transgender people. There's another group called the Rainbow Rights Watch, and they want the media to not report on any crimes committed by trans people. This all reminds me of an episode of Star Trek The Next Generation. In the episode, the Cardassians kidnap Captain Picard, take them back to his base, and then torture him. Throughout the ordeal, his captors ask him how many lights he sees above him, and although there's four, they want him to say that there's five. Any time he doesn't say the right number, they inflict pain on him, and what they're trying to do is get him to say that there's five lights, because once they've done that, they've broken him, and they've won, and he'll believe and do whatever they want him to do. Well, I think that's basically what's happening here. They want people to go along with something that's objectively not true, and once everybody's done that, or they've shamed everybody into doing that, well, at that point, you'll just probably go along with anything, and you won't really question anything.


I'm on the older end of the spectrum here, but I have to say in my lifetime, this is probably the most crucial time I've seen in our country that I consider our level of democracy. So, I think out of this meeting over these next three days could be a wonderful sense for the future of everybody pulling themselves together and acknowledging the issues that are there overcoming our differences. Well, I think that's very important. So, I am hope being here today, seeing the work that represent us has been doing makes me very happy.


Okay very good morning to you. Hope you're doing well. It is Tuesday 17th of November going to have a quick run-through then of the overnight news how we close on Wall Street a couple of things to be aware of for the session ahead from a fundamental perspective and so starting as usual with the overall cross asset class mix for this morning and overall fairly quiet We had a positive close on Wall Street last night the S&P up around 1.2 down 1.6 The Nasdaq a slight laggard up point six percent the Russell 2000 though of US small cap stocks Often seen as a bit of a barometer for the domestic economy did close at a record high Obviously, then this all coming on the back of what had been a continuation Of a similar theme to this time last week, which was more positive vaccine news this time coming out of the firm Moderna you kind of know this already I didn't put out a video at the time when it came out But the main takeaway point here being that the vaccine can be stored at refrigerated temperatures for at least 30 days It's much longer than that Pfizer their counterpart and dip deep freeze issue That was really one of the main barriers for Pfizer, which is about ultra cold temperatures at minus 70 degrees Celsius that is not the case for this Moderna vaccine So much more easier in terms of the potential significant logistical issues that would have been Present for the likes of Pfizer. So that was a net positive for markets and overall then the kind of heat map at the close a little bit reflective of the fact that energy and Financial stocks led the gains both sides of the Atlantic Travel stocks also benefited as that we saw this time last week With the biggest kind of movement coming in some of the US airline stock to attract four to five percent Cruise Liners also gaining and the Nasdaq underperforming. So kind of a soft version of that rotation that people were talking about Couple of things though that I'd like to stress really two-fold about why I think that this move is a little bit different from the move We had last week already Largely what you've seen here reflected on the charts and this is kind of point one which is Top right-hand corner here in gold. You can see a big Downward move when the news broke and then we reversed it within the course of about two hours or so If we look at other products the US 10 year dropped Reversed most of the move within the same sort of time frame And so some of the things here point one is the behavioral element What I mean by that is the fact that generally when news comes out the first time a specific piece of news comes out on a subject It obviously has the most impact on us because we don't really have much of a reference point And the Pfizer one really did come as a bit of surprise We knew the updates were going to be pending given that they're in phase three of clinical trials But we didn't know exactly when or to what degree how positive the data was going to be now the kind of cat Is out the bag and fires has come out in front run almost some of these latest updates The Madonna one had some bang when it came out But very short lived in some respect the second point then of why the moves are fairly More contained than they were before is don't forget is also, you know a vaccine is kind of a medium-long-term Idea about obviously Securing then a more solid economic recovery Alleviating concerns the quicker you can get it in obviously the better both from a humanitarian point of view But also from an economic and markets perspective, however, there is a really Bad COVID development going on at the moment in North America in the US And that's requiring lots of different shutdowns now on the state level and so for me this idea of rotation I think kind of similar to what I was saying at the time of last week things a little over done I think that's what's controlling a lot of these moves remember the airline stocks out before me essay rups kind of four to five percent They were up more like 20 percent when the fires and news came out So I think the reality is a little bit more baked in this people come a little bit more educated about these viruses I would say is is one point but also the fact that if the pandemic gets worse Well the love for these tech stocks isn't going away anytime soon and so the rotation is much more mild I think for the time being because we've got to get through obviously The next probably Q4 QQ one at least If not further into Q2 into the second half of next year before then really you see a role Maybe tangible commitment by big fund managers to start rotating out some of these these tech Names at this point. So yeah, just thought I'd point this out But otherwise a quick look at the other sectors and you know, what's going on at the moment in the FX markets The dollar fairly flat or be it coming off its lowest bound levels in the overnight Asia pack session Just just firming up a touch as European players come in So both cable and Euro dollar just coming off their highs near-term technical levels Euro dollar just coming off the initial high that we printed really around this time yesterday Which was around 1873 and a half in the futures So the nearest and clearest point of resistance down that double top pretty similar case here for cable as well I can see a rectangle I had on some of the resistance areas from me from yesterday still playing true at the moment, which was The cap of the Asia Pacific session as we were going in from Wednesday to Thursday night It's caps also the price activity yesterday and this morning. So fairly substantial Area now of resistance for the upside for any cable appreciations if we were to see them throughout the day as you can see there in other asset classes the Nasdaq still kind of Conforming to what has been a key area of resistance. I was watching yesterday, which the market had responded to that being up and around the high that we had from Monday early morning futures trade at the reopening of Globex trade this week on The initial pop-through of some of this range trade that we were trading at the time then also we've got the movement from the top of the pre just before Pfizer news Spike on the 9th So last week Monday to then the Tuesday low and the fibra traceman on the 618 It comes in at around that level that restricted the price action from yesterday as the as the high in the futures So that's still a bit of a near-term barrier Any break above there at any point I'd be looking in terms of the intraday today The R1s are quite interesting area You can see here close proximity to the intraday high got the R1 And you've also got these previous areas of here the resistance that we had on the high on the 5th going into the 6th and also the closing of That prior week as well going from the reopening of trade on the 9th Otherwise in the oil markets That is fairly quiet ahead of the Meeting today of OPEC alliance will talk about that bit more in a moment that we're trading around pivot at the moment Just drifting a little lower as Europe have come in and in the fixed-income space basically trading flat at the moment All right So let's get stuck into some of the headlines and talk about what's been going on From an overall perspective and starting with this idea about US COVID and what's going to go on Joe Biden the president elected speak yesterday He was talking about the fact that look Trump's got to play ball and work with the new incoming administration in order to To deal with this coronavirus pandemic nothing really particularly specific in regards to plans that let's say Biden had But if you remember something which was already being adopted as a strategy from from the Trump era Was that of putting the onus on local state governors to take action on any types of Restrictions that are being imparted if you remember that was a good way for Trump to kind of disassociate himself from any COVID fallout because then it wasn't a national-led kind of coming from the administration Policies it was coming from an individual state level which does to a certain degree make a lot of sense Because on the ground if you think in terms of the geography of America Whether it's the Midwest which being impacted now or it's the tri-state or the Sun belt They're all very different in terms of their economic makeup and also their Geographic kind of temperate weather which can have an influence over the forms of the virus So here then what's happening is we've been waiting for quite a while and numbers have been accelerating quite dramatically in America And you know if I show you what that chart looks like the seven-day average Which is the green line has consistently be moving higher and it's now in excess of a hundred and fifty thousand cases per day And obviously that Death toll has been edging up It's approximately half of what it was back in initial spring Outbreak in initial first wave. However, the fact that these numbers are so high now Would then indicate that the death toll will match what we saw back early in this year in kind of March April Time given the three-week lag we tend to see now the spread is becoming more further and wide As you can see from here. You remember during the election really the deepest red was contained Up in the Midwest kind of area But it's gradually started to filter out through kind of Central to East Coast and going from north to south That has led them to a number of actions taking place and this is what I can update you on The governor of California Said he was activating what he calls an emergency break and applying tougher coronavirus Restrictions to large parts of the state in an effort to contain the surge of infections This of course an important thing here does come ahead of Thanksgiving holiday at the end of the month I did see some surveys doing the rounds yesterday And it was asking The US public about whether they're going to adhere to kind of a limited numbers of people gathering these social distancing these sort of things over Thanksgiving and As you would imagine, it's a shockingly high number of people that said that they would not adhere to those types of restrictions So I think all of these governors are very mindful of Thanksgiving traditionally then one of the biggest holidays of course in the US calendar and one of which Normally a lot of people get together to celebrate and so they're taking pre-emptive measures, I would say And California of course is particularly important given the fact that economically it's such a large Contribution to the US growth overall and the fact now that they're starting to go back into a more restrictive environment is going to have to then Be reflected in the economic recovery that we've been seeing in the US So not only are high-frequency more real-time data points starting to reflect quite a significant downturn in overall broader activity in the economy that's only going to be accelerated now by the Implementation of further restrictions that's going to happen a lot of this then has led to the idea of What I thought was quite interesting. I saw a comment from Steve Englander You might not have heard of that chat before but he's basically the head of North American Macro and FX strategy at Standard Chartered and he said that he believes the Fed Federal Reserve may surprise markets by increasing its asset purchases to a hundred and twenty billion dollars a month Before the December meeting if it appears that rising COVID-19 cases are weighing on the economy Now if you think about the domino effect here case rise Restrictions come in that impedes economic then Activity which then makes the downturn or recovery More severe and therefore the Fed might want to take more pre-emptive action to get ahead of it rather than waiting Until the middle of middle of December, which is when their next meeting is so I thought that was quite interesting Definitely that would be another shot in the arm to fire up markets And you would expect equities to probably rally again quite aggressively because don't forget We have a lack of fiscal stimulus right now and obviously as as Companies and and so forth start to struggle particularly in the hospitality leisure sectors things that have been impacted Very very significantly before people are lose jobs And so therefore to the Fed build the needs is really step in and if they do I'm sure markets would breathe another very significant sigh of relief with that with a case So just something to perhaps Keep an eye on I don't think we're quite there yet But we've got almost a month to run till the Fed meeting and that death toll should Mathematically start to pick up pretty rapid over the course of the next fortnight And so therefore could we see Fed intervention in about two weeks time? I think quite an interesting prospect to bring about The other thing here is then other areas Citing the rising number of cases Philadelphia, which is the largest city in Pennsylvania said yesterday that it will ban Indoor dining as well as indoor gatherings and events involving people from different households from November 20th through to the new year The state of New Jersey yesterday reduced the number of people allowed to gather indoors from 25 to 10 and Starting today Washington State will enforce a number of restrictions for a period of a month Including shutting down indoor service at bars restaurants gyms Limiting gatherings from people from different households as well. So We're starting to see the first kind of emergence of more definitive action Being taken now across the US and I'd expect this to continue the interesting prospect now is I Think the Fed are a little bit far away from making that more Interventionist kind of approach. I don't think it's quite warranted just yet, but Seemingly a lack of anywhere near getting a compromise on Capitol Hill given how far apart The dem democratic and the Republican Party are at 2.4 ish trillion and 500 billion That's not coming soon either. So although equities have been moving up very positively knee-jerk reaction to vaccine information I think that there's a risk that things could turn a little bit more sour Given how far we've we've run up quite recently in the equity markets So yeah, few things to think about on that side of things. All right elsewhere OPEC We do have the OPEC meeting today. They had some telephone conversations yesterday The joint ministerial monitoring committee the JMMC meets And it's suggested by a technical panel in an article on Bloomberg yesterday That they have advised the ministers of OPEC plus oil alliance should consider delaying its planned output boost By three to six months The official 23 nation alliance might make its final decision there until November 30th December 1st meeting And which will be held around two weeks time. So again, if you hear any headlines Tweaks these sorts of things three to six months is pretty much baked in anything longer than that nine twelve months Obviously the longer the lesser probability of that happening, but the more bullish a price that would be if that was to materialize Other things then Tesla. I'm sure you read this last night But the the S&P index is finally bowled over to the fact that look you got to include Tesla now You know, it's a multi hundred billion dollar Company it's got to be represented in one of the world's most significant and largest in their indexes at the biggest companies and so I don't know if you saw this last night, but Tesla shares were up after the closing bell about 13 just over 13 percent And it came on the back of the fact that Tesla will enter the S&P 500 little Christmas present for Elon on December 21st It'll be one of the indexes most influential Constituents I was having a look at the actual list of the S&P 500 companies by index waiting And actually it jumps in there with the likes of Berkshire Hathaway Procter and Gamble Johnson Johnson which which take up kind of the 7th 8th and 9th spots in the S&P top 10 and Tesla's going to slip right in there Straight into the top 10 never has it has been seen before of a company coming in at such magnitude into the index Now their shares were obviously up yesterday. They were aftermarket The membership or inclusion within the index comes with a host of different benefits for the company including force purchases by index tracking investors and mutual funds if you think about those with representation then of S&P exposure given the fact now that such a large proportion of that is going to be taken by Tesla Well, they've got to start buying into Tesla then to have an equal amount of representation of that index So one of the upsides here for that stock, but quite quite meaningful story there on a single stock basis The other thing is Brexit I've read a couple of things this morning. I thought quite interesting from a top-level perspective Bloomberg have put out their latest analyst poll and Cable they say may fall to 125 by the middle of next year according to nine different bank strategists What does that look like? Well? Here's a chart to kind of encapsulate a little bit of the the Brexit saga going back to the referendum in the summer of 2016 Through to Johnson winning the election the first lockdown and where we're trading at the moment So you can see we are relatively high here comparative to where we were back in the depths of the initial first wave of the Pandemic and a lot of that obviously has been supported by at the time What was a ultimately weakening dollar more than overall sterling strength? But there comes then the decision as we're going to year-end I must stress though as much as these strategists are saying there could be a five percent downward risk To a no-deal materializing by the end of the year They do go on to stress though that the base case scenario by a probability of 70 percent Is still some form of agreement by the end of the year and that's certainly for amplify here Is where our expectations do lie for that to come to pass the currency on Balance from the nine strategists. They say could rise by approximately two and a half percent Which would be up to around one thirty five So remember the upside relief would be half the size as the downside shock And that's because on the balance expectations are that a deal will be brokered and hence then the upside is much more lesser significant On the Brexit side a couple of things I did see that I do think are worth talking about The UK chief Brexit negotiator David Frost told Johnson the PM to expect to Brussels trade agreement Early next week that was according to the Sun and EU diplomat also suggested the EU is ready to find a creative solution to avoid an accidental no-deal Brexit according to the Telegraph And then the final one is coming out I think this was in the Guardian Separate reports suggested that under emergency plans and EU Parliament vote on a Brexit trade deal could be delayed until December wait for it the 28th Rather than the currently scheduled December 16th, so you remember that timeline that I shared with you before so To refresh your memories. This is what that timeline looks like because I didn't Tweet it so here's all like the main dates to be aware of and there's a European Parliament meeting happening on 14th to the 17th of December And you remember I've kind of been alluding to for some time is that look Just because these dates Suget are fixed here that does not mean and I'm using the whole four years of precedence to make this kind of assumption That does not mean they cannot have emergency meetings and summits at any point Given what would be highly accelerated talks going this close to the wire into the deadline and so for me hearing that in the Guardian kind of just Ultimately just solidifies it in my head. This thing's going all the way down. Isn't it? You know David Frost saying that he's gonna have a deal by the early next week. Yeah, you know, you're not I'm afraid You know, why would you do that? I just don't see any point at this time The other thing I think that's interesting is the fact that those EU diplomats are talking about finding a creative solution to avoid a Disruptive no-deal Brexit. I think that is logic It's not in Europe's or UK's interest given the compounded difficulties Experience from COVID to make Brexit actually a tangible real risk So as much as I think that if we do go down to the wire Sterling's got a price in a little bit of increased no-deal risk But ultimately I think a deal gets struck and so that deal could well come In that period just before the new year. It would not surprise me at all Okay Final thing then looking at Canada for today really quiet in terms of UK European morning Just US retail sales coming out this afternoon. It was probably a main focal point But as I said yesterday in the weekly outlook, this is October data for US retail sales And so it's quite backward-looking and if you think about now I've just described that is happening on a state level with restrictions to control COVID-19 in America It's what the future retail sales numbers look like in November and December that's going to be critical October is Yesterday's chip paper. I'm afraid and so I don't really see much Ability for this number to really move markets a great deal I think one thing that could be quite interesting is this numbers expected at plus 0.5 percent last month was 1.9 percent which is quite a bit higher than they expected that time of release four weeks ago if today's number is much weaker than expected and We're anticipating it to get much worse again That could be quite interesting But it's got to be a quite outline a negative sense then to accelerate this idea of a US slowdown Otherwise in the afternoon, you've got Bank of England Governor Andrew Bailey speaking again He's spoken pretty much every day for the last week and a half or so. So There's little risk associated with him actually saying something I would say same case with Christine the guard who speaks you remember Yesterday today, I think she takes a break on Wednesday hits it again Thursday Friday So she's speaking pretty much all week the more she speaks. It's kind of a Dual-purpose kind of strategy, I guess one of the main things being that she just wants to Strategically be positioned where she's always present. She's always communicating. Therefore the markets can be assured Because all the time she can be kind of paying heed to the fact of developments that are happening in markets Which gives markets more Confidence that she's on top of the situation and we don't need to guess. We know what she's thinking And that's a positive strategy in regards to traditional central banking kind of tactics The other thing though from a trading point of view though is that it means it becomes relatively dull What she says because you hear from her so often, you know what she's saying and it doesn't really you don't get these dramatic shifts in policy hints or thinking because you hear from her so often so it kind of Diminishes the impact from an intraday day trading environment But definitely as I always say it's worth keeping an ear out when the likes of the guard or Bailey or Powell speak for sure Even though our probabilities are our expectations are very low that they'll say something market moving They of course do have the propensity to do so You do have Dave Ramstin Also speaking fairly interesting character and also fairly aligned at the top with Bailey In terms of his position. So worth keeping an eye out at sort of 5 p.m. London time pretty quiet overall I'd say from an overall perspective even though retail sales and Industrial production manufacturing production cap utilization would be normally quite important Collection of data. I think in the context. It's been Kind of played down a little bit given what's going on. All right, that is it not going to talk any more any questions Of course, I'll see everyone in in the live chat room on amplify live Otherwise, if you're watching this on YouTube, just leave a comment below happy to help if I can all right guys Have a good day head


We're really glad you can join us for this webinar to review key features of our recently renewed LC funding opportunities. We'll be posting these slides, links to the resources, and the video of the webinar on the webinar web page. My colleague Nicole will also be putting links that we mentioned into the chat. We've left some time at the end to try and answer your questions. So as attendees, you can put comments and questions in the Q&A. However, we are using the chat for one-way communication to you. So please feel free to use that Q&A button to put any questions you've got in, and you can also upvote other folks' questions that you'd like to see answered. If we don't get to your questions or another one, excuse me, pops up later, please just reach out to us. Before we start, I just wanted to give you a quick glance at the NHGRI staff that are listed on the program announcements. Nicole Lockhart, Renee Sterling, and I are the program officers that you can reach out to as you plan your applications, and Deanna Ingersoll is our Chief of Grants Management. She makes sure the grants and awards follow NIH and government policy. I also wanted to quickly introduce our research program. The ethical, legal, and social implications research program is centered at the National Human Genome Research Institute. It was created in 1990 as an early part of the human genome project. Since then, the program has continuously supported research into the ethical, legal, and social implications of genomics, trying to anticipate and mitigate harms and maximize the equitable benefits of human genetics. Three key features of LC research that I wanted to mention are its anticipatory nature. We are always looking for researchers who are trying to identify and address issues as they emerge on the horizon before they come a problem, and the use of multidisciplinary approaches in these grants. The research is often carried out by scholars across a wide range of academic and health disciplines. Just a few of the disciplines our LC scholars represent are listed here. The corollary to that multidisciplinary approach is that researchers use various methods and study designs to help cover all the angles that social, ethical, and legal issues pose. The majority of the LC grants that we fund are submitted through the three notices of funding opportunity or no flows that we're discussing today. These renewed program announcements were issued in October 2023. Those light blue par numbers that you see are just what we use to refer to each of the three funding announcements. The labels R01, R21, and R03 refer to the three types of research grants that we support. I'll say more about what those mean shortly. Each notice of funding opportunity or NOFO has three receipt dates per year for the next three years, so nine total for each of them in February, June, and October. The first receipt dates coming up in mid-February next year. This presentation doesn't include everything that you're going to need to know to apply for one of these grants. We want to highlight key features and significant changes that we've made. Going to each of the program announcements webpages will bring you all the details. From there, you can always reach out to us with questions. The shared purpose of these funding opportunities has not changed a great deal. We still invite research applications to study the LC of human genetics and genomics. We continue to be interested in proposals that identify, examine, and address LC issues. Projects can focus at many levels from individuals through to society as a whole, and we expect researchers to identify a wide range of relevant, timely topics. We're really, really excited to be able to tell you that 15 other NIH institutes and offices share those goals and signed on to at least one of the LC program announcements. Seven little red asterisks in the table denote institutes and centers that are new in these renewals. Please note that not every institute participates in every funding opportunity. You don't, however, need to memorize that table. This is a screenshot from the R01 webpage showing that at the very top of the announcement, you'll find a list of participating NIH institutes and offices. Similarly, at the end of each announcement, in section seven, we list the names, email addresses, and phone numbers for scientific context at all of the different institutes, as well as grants management contacts from each participating institute or center. Regardless of the nature of your questions, when you first reach out, we really recommend starting the scientific contact, which is just another term for program officers like me, Nicole, Renee, and our program officer colleagues at the other institutes. It's just a good place to start, and if we need to reach out to grants management, we will. So what research topics is NHGRI interested in? At NHGRI, we've sorted a partial list of topics into four main areas. The first area, genomics and sociocultural structures and values explores personal, social, and cultural factors that shape the use of genomic information and technology. I want to call special attention to the second area, genomics at the institutional and systems level. Although we previously indicated our interest in research that looks at the interplay between genomics, institutions, and systems, this is the first set of program announcements to list this as an area of research interest. Topics in the genomic research design area examine ethical, legal, social, and policy issues in the design and conduct of genetic and genomic research. And the genomic healthcare area examines implications of the integration of genomics into a variety of healthcare settings. We provide more details and many, many examples on a separate webpage that's online. The link to that webpage is included in each of the program announcements, and is also being posted in the chat. Applicants should also be aware that each participating institute, center, or office has also provided their own research interests in the program announcements. These are especially important to read if you want to focus on a specific disease area. So please be sure to read through these research interests. You may identify more than one funder who's interested in your ideas, and that it can only be a good thing. We're interested in applications from investigators representing a wide range of lived experiences and perspectives. As I've stated already, we also welcome applications from a wide array of disciplines using all sorts of approaches, excuse me. A given application can use a single method or more than one. While the LC NOFOS are not specifically directed at community-involved research, we want to emphasize that there's ample room for such work here. We know community perspectives can inform genomics, and we support the involvement of communities in any or all phases of a study where it's appropriate for your goals. Community work can include include a range of methods. We're not specifying any given approach, but community-involved work is highly encouraged but not required in applications to the LC NOFOS. Section three of each funding opportunity details who is eligible to apply. There are very few restrictions on the types of individuals who can submit a grant. For example, a PhD or MD is not required in order to serve as a principal investigator. We also allow for a broad range of organizations to submit applications. Remember, it's technically the organization and not the researcher who actually submits the application. Foreign organizations are welcome to submit applications themselves or be included as collaborators. In the registrations that you filled out, we received several questions from registrants about the participation of foreign institutions, and so we want to provide a little more detail here. NIH defines a foreign organization as one that's located in a country other than the United States and its territories that's subject to the laws of that country. Again, foreign organizations can be applicants or partners, and there's no requirement to work with any other specific countries. You use the same application forms and instructions as domestic applicants. There are some additional steps you need to make sure your institution is registered with NIH for the submission of grants. So if you aren't sure whether your institution is registered with NIH, look into that early on because that process can take at least six weeks to complete. There are many, many resources available to foreign applicants as well. We're putting some links into the chat. Applications from foreign institutions are reviewed and scored alongside domestic applications, and the reviews are based on the same criteria. For foreign applications, the NIH also considers the relevance to the mission of the institute that you're seeking funding from. It considers whether the proposal offers a research opportunity that's not readily available in the United States. It looks at the potential of the project to advance health science in the United States, and we look for compliance with human subjects, animal welfare, and inclusion requirements. If you're from a foreign institution and thinking about your first NIH grant application or your first LC application, excuse me, please reach out to us. We are happy to talk with you. We also received several questions from registrants about the differences between the RO1, the R21, and the RO3. When you reach the point where you've got a research idea but you're not sure what type of application is best, that's a perfect time to reach out to the program officers. With that said, we wanted to explain a few of the major differences between the three grant types. Excuse me, the RO1 funds larger studies that often build on preliminary data. While preliminary data isn't required for an RO1, it is highly recommended. It is something that reviewers will look for and comment on if it's absent. RO1s have an annual budget limit of $500,000 per year in direct costs, and most of the institutes and centers that signed on to the NOFOs allow a five-year project duration. NHGRI is a little different. We typically fund four-year RO1s. However, an RO1 applicant who feels they will need a fifth year, for example, to conduct community-involved research, which often requires extra time, they can request a five-year project from NHGRI before submitting their application, so that's something you want to reach out to us before you submit. RO1s are smaller grants. They tend to be exploratory projects designed to generate pilot data for a larger study. RO1 budgets are limited to $275,000 in total direct costs over the lifetime of the grant. Traditionally, RO1s are two years long, but this NOFO allows for three-year grants. However, the budget cap remains the same, $275,000 total direct costs across either two or three years. Finally, the RO3 is a small grant. These tend to be single investigator projects, for example, conceptual analyses or secondary data analysis. The budget limit is $50,000 in direct costs per year for two years maximum. Now that I've laid out some of the basics of the RO1, R21, and RO3, I want to give you an update on new things that we are asking for in these grants, in applications to the NOFOs. The first is the data management and sharing plan. NIH policy now expects researchers to maximize their sharing of scientific data, including those collected in ELSI grants. So it is required that you submit a data management and sharing plan or DMSP with the RO1, the R21, and the RO3. Applications collecting data require a DMSP plan, essentially detailing what you'll share and how you'll do it. Applicants should include a DMSP if you're collecting any data that you don't plan to share, as you'll need to justify those decisions. Why are you not sharing this data? Moreover, if you're not collecting any data, you should still attach a DMSP that confirms there will be no data to share. Applications without a data sharing plan will be incomplete and may be withdrawn. The plan itself is a two-page attachment. There are several resources available explaining what goes into the plan and how to write one. These include an ELSI webpage with a copy of the webinar that we held last summer specifically for ELSI grantees. There's also a sample ELSI plan online along with samples for many other types of grants, and Nicole is posting those links. Second, there's another new requirement that applies only to RO1 applications. Excuse me. The NIH recognizes the diverse teams working together and capitalizing on innovative ideas and distinct perspectives outperform homogenous teams. RO1 applications must include a plan for enhancing diverse perspectives or a PEDP. This plan is a summary of the strategies that will be used to advance the scientific and technical merit of the proposed project by increasing the diversity of perspectives brought to the grant. Diverse perspectives may come from the people who do the research, the places where it's done, as well as the people who participate in the research as part of the study population. The PEDP is submitted as a one-page other attachment to be included in the RO1 grant applications. The PEDP should provide an integrated view of the ways that enhancing diverse perspectives is supported and will improve the science in the application. It should align where possible with descriptions in the research strategy part of the grant, and the PEDP can speak to enhancing the science in many ways via any of the review criteria. The PEDP will vary depending on study specifics, and it will be considered in scientific peer review, so your grant will be scored based on the PEDP impart. RO1s without the PEDP will be considered incomplete and will be withdrawn. Several examples of the types of things that a grant might do to enhance diverse perspectives are available on the website that Nicole is posting now. Oops, sorry about that. Applications that propose using variables in their analysis that measure race, ethnicity, genealogical ancestry, genetic ancestry, sex, gender, or sexual orientation are expected to name and define the variables that you're going to use and provide rationale for their use in the analysis of the grant. The rationale should be supported by established theory frameworks for scientific evidence. You need to describe how the planned use of the selective variables relates to the proposed research questions and describe any assumptions or limitations. You also need to consider variables that are provided, you don't need to, but you can consider variables that are provided in the FNX toolkit, which is an NIH resource online that houses recommended standard measures for use in biomedical research. I neglected to say at the top of the slide that this applies to the R01 and the R21, but not the R03, my apologies. This is a reviewable criterion in both the R01 and R21 that appears in section five of the notices of funding opportunity under the section called approach. So I just wanted to summarize those key differences between the three mechanisms. You see here for all three NOFOs, the R01, the R21, and the R03, you must submit a data management and sharing plan per NIH policy. All applications must have a data management and sharing plan regardless of your approach. In addition, all three NOFOs encourage community involvement where it's appropriate. Community involvement is not required, but it is encouraged. For the R01 and the R21, if you propose a project that will use population descriptors, then in the analysis, then it's requested that you provide a description of the variables you're using and a rationale for their use. Finally, for the R01, you must submit a plan for enhancing diverse perspectives. Your application will be withdrawn if it does not include a PEDP. Moreover, the R01 applications that are submitted to NHRI require prior approval from a program officer at NHRI in order to apply for a five-year grant. That concludes my slides. I just wanted to say that we really, really encourage you, as you're thinking about applying, to reach out to program officers early and often. If you reach out to us a week or two before your grant is due, we'll be much more limited in the help that we can offer. Reaching out a couple months beforehand, we can really give you as much expertise as we can offer. Contact us as often as you need to. That's our job, and it is literally the best part of it, so we look forward to hearing from you. With that, I just wanted to acknowledge my amazing colleagues at NHGRI and all of our colleagues at the 15 offices and institutes that joined the RFA. I'm going to turn it over to Renee, who's going to ferry us through questions and answers. Thank you so much. Thanks, Dave, and good afternoon, everyone. I noticed that there are some questions coming into the Q&A. We thought we would start the session by addressing some of the questions that we received through the registration form. Dave answered several of them throughout his presentation, but there are a few that remain regarding NHGRI priorities, choosing funding opportunities, community involvement, and budget. I'll go through those, and then we'll shift over to the Q&A. Next slide. Let's start with NHGRI priorities. In this regard, Dave mentioned the NOFA identifies four broad areas of LC research for NHGRI. Applicants can look at LC issues associated with any of NHGRI's scientific areas, and Nicole put links to both of those in the chat. Please keep in mind that applications that come to NHGRI that focus on a specific disease or disorder will need to show how the work is broadly generalizable or transferable across other conditions. If you have disease-specific research interests, you may find them reflected in the research interests of one of the other participating institutes or centers listed in the NOFA. So be sure to read the full array of research interests across those who are signed on and reach out to the corresponding scientific contacts. Also, it can be helpful to get feedback from more than one project officer on your work, so if your work might relate to the mission or interest of two or more institutes, feel free to reach out to multiple project officers. Next slide. A few questions about how to select the right funding opportunity. So there are a variety of factors that can impact which funding opportunity you apply for, and we encourage applicants to reach out to us early in your thought process if you're trying to make a choice or figure out what the best route is. Some of the things that are important to consider are listed here.  All of these factors could impact which funding opportunity is best. So because one answer won't fit all, we really encourage you to talk with a program officer directly about your interests and goals and we can help you think through the pros and cons of different opportunities you might be eligible for. Next slide. All right, so some of you may be in a situation where you recently applied to an LC notebook and it didn't score well, your application didn't score well enough to be funded, and per NIH policy you have 37 months to revise an application and resubmit. If your original application was submitted to the previous LC notice that is now expired, you can resubmit your revised application to the new notebook. You also could submit your project as a new application if you feel like your application is different from the original one or you just like to separate it from the prior review. So you have that option available to you and there's a link in the chat to our grant resubmissions page for more information on resubmissions. There was a question about special issues pertaining to tribal communities and I'll start by pointing out that federally recognized tribes in the U.S. are sovereign nations with their own governments and laws and NIH is committed to upholding tribal sovereignty. So as a researcher, you can respect tribal sovereignty through meaningful collaboration with tribal leaders about your research project and the types of research questions you're interested in, the types of questions they may be interested in. For projects involving American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other indigenous groups, we encourage you to engage with tribal leaders and other community members about your work. This engagement could include discussion of research questions, protocols, approaches to data sharing or other key issues associated with the design and implementation of your project and the dissemination of its findings. Any NIH pull together resource with additional considerations for researchers working with tribal communities that includes best practices around management and sharing of data. In particular, we encourage you to take a look at those and you'll find the link in the chat. Next slide. All right. In terms of a budget question that we received, community involvement can take many forms and there were questions about how you can budget for involvement of community or other interest groups, whether they be an advisory board member, a member of your research team or you're doing a community-based participatory research project, you should be clear in your application what roles community members are playing and how they will serve the project. If you propose community or interest group involvement, you should include in your budget the funds you need to provide compensation and support their successful involvement. The budget justification should be sure to describe the roles and the support needs of the community members in the project. And since we're fortunate to have our Chief Grants Management Officer, Deanna, here with us, I want to turn it over to her to point out some other special considerations you'd want to keep in mind. Deanna? Hi. Thank you. I did want to just say that as far as compensation goes, if you're proposing salaries for people, those people have to actually be employees or have an employment relationship with the sub-recipients, so make sure that you're appropriately listing them in your budget by what they are. If they're a salaried employee, they need to go in the personnel section. If they're a consultant, they need to be a consultant, et cetera. There are also other costs that may be requested, especially when we're talking in regards to U.S. tribal governments, but we do have to remember that we still have the laws of the federal government to follow, and some of those costs may not be allowed. So those are things that we will look at, but I mean, certainly should request what you need, and then we look at it from there. Thanks, Deanna. And I think if people have questions about this area, when you contact a program officer to talk about your specific aims or your research interests, you can be sure to bring this up and we can help find answers out for you that might be related to your specific situation. All right, one more, and then we're going to go to the Q&A. Are there any special requirements for low- to middle-income countries? I'll say there are no specific requirements related to the concept of research in low- to middle-income countries or the submission of applications from these countries. So you should follow requirements for foreign and international organizations as appear in grants policy. Also, please be sure to review NIH's Tips for International Applicants, which provide helpful information regarding registration with Grants.gov and NIH's ERA Common System. And those links are also in the chat. So with that, I think we are ready to shift to the Q&A. All right. So we have a comment in the Q&A. Glad to hear your requesting SOGI data. Wonderful. Thank you for that. And then another question here on population descriptors. Does this mean we don't necessarily need to complete a planned enrollment table if we don't plan to analyze gender or ethnicity? No, you do need to complete the planned enrollment table. Dave, did you want to elaborate on that? Yes. This requirement doesn't supplant the requirement to fill out that proposed recruitment table. You can, excuse me, you can collect information on other variables that are not used in the OMB planned recruitment table. So you may want to analyze your data by other variables, variables other than the ones that that we require you to collect. But you still need to collect the information needed to fill out those tables as well. Is that useful? Okay, I see a thumbs up on there. So yes, I think so, Dave. Basically the inclusion table is an NIH level policy. So you've got to do that. The information about population descriptors is specific to these parts. So that's something additional that we're asking for to try and get more information about how researchers plan to use those variables. But the inclusion tables is an absolute NIH requirement. So you still have to do those tables. All right. Thanks, Nicole. So the next question, can you request the fifth year from NHGRI if needed during the grant? So as Dave mentioned, on the R01, you can request up to five years from NHGRI and you would need justification for that. Did you want to elaborate, Dave? Well, there is also the option if you've got a four-year grant, but you know you're going to need more time. Diana, tell me if I misspeak here. As that fourth year comes to a close and you know you're going to need more time but not more money, you've got enough money to keep doing the work. You can apply for an extension of your grant and keep going for that fourth year. You may want to be able to plan ahead. And so if you think you're going to need a fifth year at the time you apply, it might be helpful to talk that over with us. Anything to add, Nicole? No. I mean, I would just say since this question is focused on during the grant, when you put in your initial application, make sure you're talking to us about appropriate award length and trying your best to come up with what will work. And then if your award is funded, just throughout the course of your grant, stay in the loop with your program officer. If you anticipate needing extra time, some of that requires prior approval. It requires some work on our end and requires justification. So make sure you're staying in touch with whoever your program officer is. And that's always listed on your notice of award so that we know if there's any additional considerations that need to be taken into account. That's kind of a case by case basis. So we can't give a hard and fast rule about a work in every situation. Thanks, Nicole. All right. Next we have a FYI from ORWH. This is the Office of Research on Women's Health. Am I correct? Yes. Okay. And they're pointing out that they do not fund grants directly. Instead, they are engaged in co-funding with other ICs. So in order for your application to be considered by Women's Health, it must be responsive to the priorities of one of the participating ICs and the Office of Women's Health. So thank you, Reggie, for that clarification. Next. Before the grant review, how can we ensure that the data management and sharing plan we drafted is accurate and acceptable that appears that this is crucial to prevent any issues during grant review and the acceptance process? Yes. So of note, your data management and sharing plan must be submitted with your application. It is not reviewed as part of the peer review process. Program staff will review your plan and prior to award, if there are any concerns about the plan, you will have an opportunity in collaboration with the program officer to discuss and make changes as needed to meet the requirements and expectations of the policy. So there will be a chance to revise it and that can occur after application submission. And the plans are not reviewed by study sections. I think I saw a thumbs up on there. And Dave, you want to add? Just to add that not only are they not reviewed, the reviewers can't even see the data management and sharing plan. So it really is something between you and us that we negotiate before awarding the grant. Thanks, Dave. All right. Is there a link to info on the new population description? I believe that means population descriptors. This is very highly politicized and sometimes reviewers and participant populations differ in their preferred language guidance would be welcome. Nicole, if you can, we do, NHGRI did release an explainer on population descriptors that we're happy to share. We realized that there are differences in language and definitions. And that based on the type of research you're doing, there may be different population descriptors that are more or less relevant. Our goal with this funding opportunity is to really encourage researchers to think through the choices that they are making and be transparent about those choices. So we are not offering particular language or definitions or terms. The explainer does sort of focus on race, ethnicity, and ancestry and offers perspectives on those. So we really encourage you to be clear and have rationale for the populations descriptors that you use if you're using them, why you're using them, how you're defining them. And I think this is also a great place for community engagement. The attendee is noting that participant populations differ in their language. So including in your rationale, discussions that you might have had with the communities of interest to your project about the terms they use, what they mean, why they're significant in the context of your question is something that would be useful to elaborate in your application. Anything to add there, Dave and Nicole? Okay, great. Generally speaking, what percentage of projects are funded for the R01, R21, R01, respectively? The majority are R01s, but we do have at least an NHGRI, a good number of R21s and R03s. Nicole, you want to add on that? Yeah, I would just say that since we're a small program, it does vary year to year because a small uptick in R21s can change that proportion. And rather than trying to think about which mechanisms are most frequently funded, I would urge applicants to think about which mechanisms are most appropriate for their project. If that's something you need help thinking through, that's a conversation we have all the time. So really feel free to reach out to either us or our IC colleagues to talk through is an R01 or an R21 or an R03 going to be the best fit for me. If you just go based on what's most likely to be funded and submit something that's not a good fit, that's not really going to serve you well. So just really keep in mind that mechanism fit and there can be some nuances there. So it's something we're happy to help applicants think through prior to submission. Thank you, Nicole. All right, the next one here. If an R01 proposal is primarily going to consist of secondary data analyses, what sort of preliminary data are expected? This is a good question. Nicole or Dave, I'm thinking through what might be a good way to answer this. So I think I would ask this applicant to talk to us prior to submission. And again, you've heard us say this 15 times. We really, really want you to talk to us because we hope it's helpful. And it's hard to come up with a general answer to this kind of question. I think you should kind of think basically your preliminary data is demonstrating that you can do these analyses. So it could be one that you have access to the data you proposed to analyze. Maybe you're providing a letter of support, for example. Maybe you're showing that you've done these analyses before. So you're saying we've done similar work in this disease area. We've done similar work over here. You're kind of showing your ability to conduct a study and to access the data you say you want to access. I think those are in general probably kind of the key points. But it might depend a little bit on your study design. And so we can always provide more specific guidance once we have a specific same page or something else to work off of. Yes. Thank you, Nicole. Can an individual apply for two different funding opportunities within the same funding hall? If the projects are substantively different, I believe you can. Do either of you know otherwise? That's what I would say. Yeah. I think the answer is yes. But you want to make sure it's not the same grant written two different ways or the same project written two different ways in the different mechanisms. They should be distinct projects. Is there more general more guidance on inclusion criteria? Perhaps the attendee could elaborate a bit more. Are you speaking about inclusion criteria in terms of human subjects or eligibility? Not quite sure how to answer that one. Oh. Can you please discuss how revised review criteria will affect scores from AO to A1 applications? So when you resubmit your grant, if you are submitting it as a resubmission and you've made revisions, you have an opportunity to state how you've addressed the concerns of the previous panel that reviewed your application. When you resubmit, it will go to a panel which may or may not include the same reviewers in that study section, and they will use the criteria in the current NOFO to evaluate the application. So that is a good point. If you submitted your application under the previous par where something like population descriptors was not expected to be elaborated on, there is a review criteria related to population descriptors. You would want to speak to that in your application. And then also, if you're doing, and if this is an RO1, you'll have the expectation of a PDP that Dave mentioned, so that would have to be integrated. And Deanna, maybe you wanted to elaborate here? I'm not sure if there are other points to be made, but we plan to release a list of Q&As after the webinar along with this recording and the links that we've provided. They'll be on the same web page that you registered for the webinar. And so we'll make sure we have a complete response to this important point listed there. I don't think we have much more to add on that question at this time. But please do contact us if you have questions about a resubmission in particular. I am not seeing any other questions. Wait a minute. Oh, here we go. Can STEM education components be incorporated in the RO1 or R21 applications over this fall under a different area? STEM education. These are research grants. If you were doing some sort of applied research study that involved education and it was genomics related and it was a research project, perhaps. So that would be something where it would be useful to hear more about your specific aims in that regard. All right. Well, Dave, do you want to close this out or? There's one more, Renee, but just another one. Oh, sorry. Any advice for folks who have not received funding as PIs from NIH before? Yes. Contact us early. Talk with a program officer about your interests. NHGRI also provides funding for a great resource called LC Hub. And LC Hub has conducted a series of trainings, and Nicole, maybe you can put the chat, a series of trainings about applying for LC research grants. They talk about the grant application process in general. It's focused on NIH funding opportunities. They talk, there's a session on specific aims and their importance and how they're used. And some other topics. And Nicole, okay, great. Nicole has put into the chat a link to Trainee Hub, which is a section of LC Hub that's designed for trainees and early career scholars. And you'll see as you scroll down that page, the section, finding and making sense of NIH funding opportunities, publishing and LC journals, writing of specific aims. And so we think that those webinars would be a great place to start after giving us a call, or both at the same time. Okay, we have another question here. Are international applicants eligible for new investigator and early stage investigator status? That is a great question. I'm not sure I know the answer. I want to know the answer. My gut is that the answer is no, but we can find it out. Let's commit to putting a firm answer on that in our posted FAQs that will go on the website from this webinar. That's an important enough distinction. We want to make sure we don't get that wrong since we're answering questions live. We don't want to leave someone incorrectly. Oh, Deanna has her hand up. Maybe she knows. Hi. Sorry, excuse me. So NIH doesn't necessarily say that you cannot be considered an NIH or an ESI if you're an international applicant. The bigger issue is if an international applicant is eligible to apply to the announcement. The NIH, the new investigator and early stage investigator roles are based on funding received, how far out from the terminal degree date, things like that. I think the bigger question is can an international applicant apply to the notice? And if they can, then I believe the NIH and ESI would still apply based on the date of terminal degree. Thank you, Deanna. And I'll just put in the chat for those who may be familiar with ESI and NIH policies, a page where you can find information about both of those. And just to reiterate from Dave's earlier presentation, foreign applications are allowable under these LC parts. We are accepting foreign applications. But as Deanna kind of hinted at, there are some other notices of funding opportunity which are restricted to or encourage in particular ESI and so early stage investigator or new investigator applications. And those can sometimes be really great and supportive of individuals at those career stages. They may or may not allow foreign applications. So if you are at a foreign institution, you always want to check under those eligibility criteria before you get too far down the road to see if this is going to be a good fit for you. All right. And we have a follow on question here about whether you have a terminal master's degree in your field, whether you are eligible for ESI as well. Also a good question. And I was just looking at the page, the link that I put into the chat regarding the policy will be sure to include a definitive answer on that unless someone knows right now. I'm nearly positive that you are because it's your terminal degree. I mean, I'm trying to say someone with a terminal master's degree in their field would still be eligible for ESI. We will put an answer to that as well in our FAQ. And just to reiterate, NHGRI does fund PIs with terminal master's degrees under the LC program. We have funded them in the past and we focus, we try to focus more on does the person have the correct expertise? Do they have the research experience? And if that's something you have concerns or questions about, we're happy to talk to you about, you know, what's kind of a good fit for you. Yeah, I did put into the chat the language on the policy page, which does not make sense, which does not make explicit mention of doctorate degrees, but rather mentions a terminal research degree. So we'll again look into that and make sure we have a confirmed answer in the list of FAQs. All right. Thank you all so much for tending, for asking questions. And as I said at the outset, we've repeated several times as you get going on this and new questions come up, just reach out to us. We are happy to help. And that's what we will do. Thanks again. We are looking forward to your applications. But reach out to us beforehand as you need. Thanks, everyone.