What they gon' do with me now? I'm still a talk of the town I'm in the sisters, I'm hoakin' them down Reaching the smiles So, what's up guys? We're on a new episode of Talk of the Town Today we got a special guest Blur, blur, what's good?   Coming back to wreck shit, yeah You know everything blurry right now for sure Okay, so I'ma play a quick game So the people can get to know you I'ma ask you a question Just answer as quick as you could First thing that comes to mind Okay, what's your sign? Scorpio Last thing you bought? Oh, some gas Locked in studio with one person Who would it be?  Best song ever Um, that's hard Fucking, um, myself What song? Myself, Dave from the grave Okay, yourself? Dave from the grave I got a song called Myself Got it That's that blur Got it, okay Okay, best thing about Florida What's your name from Florida, right? Yeah, best thing about Florida Shit, the culture Okay, favorite car? Favorite car?  I ain't never slid into celebrity DMs Okay, okay Um, craziest DM you ever got? Um, a vigil asked me the other day If she could kiss it I don't know what she meant by that Okay, all right Um, a conspiracy theory you think is real? Um, aliens Okay And last one I would say we'll see a hardest bar My hardest bar?  Yeah, I'm for sure What's kind of like your favorite place to go visit?      It took them some time to grow on you Like how was that?  Like who was you listening to?  Or he was more so like the hardcore rapping Like what you think he was?          How was it said? Yeah like Managers should audition for their role What you think? Or anybody on your team Should audition for their role Yeah, I think so For sure Yeah, I think so And what does that look like? Like how What are your thoughts on that?


Okay, how are we doing? Great day yesterday, fabulous day yesterday. Let's see if we can have as good of a day today or better. Let me get organized. I think CRM still could fall, but I don't know exactly when. And I do think Apple's gonna have them move up, but this isn't gonna be easy either. So the reality is, wait, hold on one second. We're in motion, the wheels are in motion. The energy is shifting in a positive way. I can feel it, let's do Apple. So volatility fell hard yesterday, gapped up this morning. This is it, welcome to December. Volatility is here to stay. I think we're gonna have a good month. But you gotta have conviction. Okay, this is probably gonna do a stop, drop, and roll. So, stop's gonna be 166.50. I'm just kind of estimating in here.  Look at CRM a while, that's a bummer. Let's do stop 166.30. Let's do 167.30 by 166.30. There's a good entry, that hits. 30 by 30, the numbers change, I'll let you know. The numbers change, I'll let you know. 30 by 30, it's valid, let's do 30 by 20. 30 by 20, 30 by 20. Sweet, there wasn't anything else to do. If there was something else to do that I thought would set up faster, we'd already be doing it. So, let's do 25. 25 by 10. 25 by 10. 25 by 10. 25 by 10. This is gonna set up. We're moments away from this, I know it's gonna go. 25 by 10, 25 by 10. Nope, it's not ready yet. Let's do 20 by 90. 20, let's do 10 by 90. 10 by 90. Again, I keep changing the numbers, I'm gonna continue to change the numbers till it hits. Let's do 10 by 90. Let's look at the key as we're all waiting for this. Oh, this went, this went, this was really hard. Geez, Louisers. I did not do this and I'm not gonna do it here now. Let's stay on top of this. That did go though. Since that already hit, I'm gonna stay with this. We're gonna get it set up in this. I don't know when. I'll keep changing the numbers. Let's do 167 by 90. 167 by 90. Doop-a-doop-a-do. For some reason, this doesn't hit at all. I don't know what we're gonna do because really, I did not do this. So, I hope this hits. Well, we could get an even better entry here. That's the positive. That is the positive situation. Really don't want this to break 166 though. So, we're really coming down to the bottom of the barrel here for this thinger. Really coming down. Not wanted to break 166. Let's do 80 by 80. Keep changing the numbers here because that's what it has to be. 80 by 80. 80 by 80. And again, this is a long. Somewhere in here, it's gonna hold as long as it doesn't break 166. 80 by 80. I hope you're wrong, Carrie. I don't think I'm gonna do it down there. I do not. 80. But I'm not gonna like it that day because remember, this has to go green. Green. We need green for longs, red for shorts. Green is good when you're buying. 80 by 80. We're being very patient today. I don't think we missed out on CRM. It was too perky jerky. 80 by 80. 80 by 80. Apple long. Come on. This is a stop-dropping roll here. 80 by 80. That's a good entry. Come on, Bootsy. Wait for it, though. Let's do it. Get the stop in. Boom, 80. Target in this is 168. High of the day as a first target. Then 168. Here we go. Here we go. This has to be it. Let's take a look at everything else in the world right now. So, well, Boeing flipped around and it's falling. I don't know why this gapped up today except for the fact that the market did. Let's take a look at everything else here so far. I'll go back to CRM, but I don't think I'm doing that. I just think it's too squishy. All right, let's double check everything. Here, if you didn't do it, 80. If you did not do it, you could do it here. Here we go, nice call. I saw this on Monday. It took a day to go, though. Been ultra conservative here in this market, though. And I think that's faring well for me. So, let's just take it day by day. Here we go, Apple, here it goes. 168, one flush, and we can get it over the high and I'll be out. Boom, 170. Let's look and see what's out for tonight. This is working. We are having a good week. This is a good start to the month. Today is officially the beginning of December. So, officially now we can all watch Christmas shows. All right, 10 o'clock we have a number. 10 o'clock we have a number. 1030 we have a number. 2 p.m. Tonight is a lot. Let's see if there's anything I particularly like. Crowdstrike, five, nyeh. Some weird ones. Let's look at tomorrow morning. Ooh, we have CC Aldemar morning. If it reports on time, which you probably should. DGKR, we have some good ones tomorrow morning. Sing. All right, who's doing what? Shall we what up? Retested, here we are. Gotta get over, not quite. High of the day, here was 167.71. We're dropping a bit. It's volatility is here, people. It is here. And it's tricky and I'll give you that much. Trickery, dickery doc. So, one day we gap down and we fall. Then we gap up and we fall. Then we gap down and we fall and we rally. Then we gap up and we try to hold it, we fall. Do you see? Choppy, chop, chop, chop, chop, chop, chop, chop, chop. And this is from when? Friday, Monday, Tuesday, today. So Friday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday. Four days of chop, boop, boop, boop. There it is, you can see the chop. Man, traders are getting creamed, killed. We're doing great though. Really, we are. Gotta get one more push here. I hope that wasn't it. If that was it, I didn't get out. But that was it, that was a nice move actually from our entry. But I did not get out. But that was not it. I'd like to get at least a dollar out of this. At least. Shoot, I forgot to look at Tesla. Any questions about anything at all? Anything from this week? Anything we've been talking about? Anything with the market? Anything with Apple? Anything you wanna go over? Rob, I did talk yesterday, you didn't get back to me. Do you wanna talk today? Do you wanna talk tomorrow? You didn't answer me yesterday in the room when I was talking to you. Excuse me. Oh my God, I have the funniest thing to show you. I'll have to do it when I'm out of the trade.  Tesla's following. The banks look very wishy-washy too, though. They're up, they're down, they're up, they're fall. I'm gonna show you a picture.  I'm gonna show you a picture of something. And then I wanted you to tell me what you see in the picture. I'll show you in a minute. We gotta get out of this first. Actually, let me email it to myself and then I can put in, I can do it. This is cry me a river funny.  Yeah, they're rallying too, but look what I missed. Drop down, fell hard. Gapped up, fell hard. Gapped down, rally dropped. Gapped up, you know.  Let me go back to Apple. There we are, we look good. This is so funny. Get out of this first, though, before I show you. It's so funny, I should really put it in a big email. But it's about a television network. I'm not sure if I should. Here we go, Apple. Not that they don't even already know it. Here we go, 167.71, come on. Come on, Betsy, 168 in the flesh and I'll be out. Nice call, 170, though. This will go to 170 today. We're right there at the high, right there, right there, right there. People shorted this this morning, which was crazy. It's a long. Why Apple's been rallying? I don't care.  And then all of a sudden, it exploded. I don't know why, but it did. Here, I'm gonna show you this. This isn't ready yet. This is so funny. I'm not even gonna say anything. You tell me what you say.


So my flight was delayed. I think God was telling me, listen, that flight was gonna go down and we wanted you to see what was happening next on Attack on Titan so we decided to delay it up here in heaven. He's like, are we done yet? There's a war going on outside. Can we get going? I've been saying Aaron's dangerous since we were cadets. Ooh, I love that. No music playing, just John venting saying, I always knew this.  It's like he doesn't want to be right about this. He's a shithead. Oh my God, remember that? Ooh, the callbacks. He had me to be admired him. That's beautiful. Aaron turned his back on them, supposedly turned his back on them. And look at them putting aside their differences, putting aside their mysteries right now, them being out of the loop and saying, listen, we love Aaron. There has to be a reason behind all this. We stuck through him through thick and thin. He saved us. Let's see what he does with this. Finally.  Yo, these steps are going to last for the rest of the episode. Watch this is like that. This is like the in Mario 64 when you're running up the steps to Bowser and never ends. That seems so long ago. Man, something changed him. This ain't the same Aaron. Yeah, these steps are going to be endless. Yeah, man.  Because they're going to be they're going to be 69 in each other about the end of the series because it has to believe that to to keep on going. Jesus Christ. That's the violin playing in the background with the destruction going on. Aaron's going to go down.  Oh, man.  This music, man. They've never done this before. Like a fight like this with music like this. It's like a remake of that of that of that of that that that that song but with like a violin, a choir behind it, an orchestra. Oh, I got chills, bro. Aaron's eyeballs hanging out.  Oh, over. It's the Yeagers versus the world right now. No way. That probably took them 10 seasons to make. It's gone like that by a monkey with rocks. I can't believe what I'm watching right now. Okay. Now it's fair. It's the Yeagers versus the world. Even with one Yeager, they're fucked. Look like two. Wait until they touch. Look at Ryan there. Don't tell me it's going to take them. The rest of the season to walk up to each other like you're right there to see, see, jump, jump down. The rumbling has to begin. Okay.  This street is going to be as long as their stairs that be causing and clan are climbing up right now. I forgot about every character is here right now. Look at her, man. She's a child. But look at her looking out for her fellow comrade right now. Are we going to see when Zeke screams? Are we going to see Titan Falco? I'm worried. I'm worried, man. I'm worried right now. Could they turn back into humans after they become a Titan? I think Falco is going to go home. Like, yeah, y'all, I don't want to be here with all these Titans.   I'm going home. Okay, man. Attack on Titan makes you care about these minor characters as if they're the main characters.  Come on. I don't care if you're straight as a feather. You want John to grab you about a neck like that. Just admit it. Put it in the comments below if you if you'd like that. If not, I'm judging you. You're way too straight. Okay. Because I'm straight as a as a twig. Okay. And am I? Oh, man, I feel so bad. I haven't lost my marbles yet until you turn into a Titan. Then that's when I'm going to cry my eyes out.  You better drink that. You better drink yourself to death before you turn into a Titan. I can't believe what's going on right now. I forgot about her. I don't know, man. She creeps me out. Oh my gosh, she left her scarf behind. She is different now. I'm more afraid of Mikasa than any Titan that's on this battlefield right now. Ooh, I love that face to face.  I thought it would never end to be honest with you guys. I can't believe they made it up there this episode.  That's that's something else, man. Look at her.  There goes the walls. Wait, aren't the Titans hidden in the walls? Oh, it's really going to take the rest of the season. The street isn't that long. I saw it. Zeke jumped out and you're right there. I feel bad for Reiner. It's like I want Zeke and Eren to touch Dicks, but I also feel bad for Reiner. Oh my God.  I saw this picture a long time ago and I tweeted it out like months before I started Reactive Attack on Titan and people were like, Nick, how do you know that picture? You must have seen the show before. You're faking your reactions. Bitch, that this was all over the place when it first came out. My friends sent it in the group chat.    I would know. Jesus Christ. Look at them jump. They're like, why are you looking at them like that?  Why am I smiling when there's an airship falling out of the sky and the city is on fire?  An anti-Titan ripe?  I love him. I love him.  I love Alaya. Anyone that lies in this show, I love them. They're lying out of their heart.  Oh wait, that's his brother. Oh man, I love this guy.   All he cares about is his family and his own humanity.   I'm doing what I want right now. He's just redeeming himself with this alone. Thank you, Mr. Nile. I want to flow on your river. Jesus Christ. How did they casually just cut to that shot? Like look at this. They went from this shot to this. That's it and then back to Gaby. What in the world was that? I don't know, but I love it.  And I say that with all the love in my heart. Like these kids look like 60 year old men and women on kids' bodies. They are so ugly.  And I say that with all the love and positivity in my heart.  Why are they talking about this coincidentally while passing this house? Like why are you speaking this outside?  She could have waited one more block to say that. I love Gaby. Team Gaby. If you hate Gaby, leave. Leave my channel. No, I love y'all.   She understands. She realizes it now. She understands. See, man, listen, listen.  I don't like Gaby.  Gaby's my favorite character. From the very beginning, from the first shot I saw her in the first episode of season four, where she's all cute with her gear on and she's throwing grenades and shit so casually. I love her. She's such a cute little bean. I just want to eat her up. Not in that way.  Like a munchkin, you know? Like a little cute whatever. I don't know how to say that.  I think it's just me. I think I'm causing my own problems. Bro, how are these kids? When I was a kid, I'd rush home to play Pokemon.  I didn't even know what the word wound meant.   They deserve to die.  That's the, that's the cutest, most wholesome thing I've ever seen in my life. Hapako, these two better die in each other's arms. They better not end up like anyone else.  Wait, wait, the two characters you think fall in love in the end don't. And they find other, no, no. These two were meant to be for each other. You better marry each other. Oh my God, he just saw it.  Oh! Dude, my heart just shattered. What's she doing?   She's saying this with tears in her eyes. This is so beautiful, guys. Oh!  That's what the F in Falco's name is.  You think Zeke cares about Falco?  This Titan is the most useless Titan of the Zeke. But look at him.  Aaron, the street isn't that long. There's one more block. We'd be closer if you jump down. Yeah, let's just talk on top of the wall while I could jump down and start the rumbling. I mean, I love this suspense. I love it. If they just touch like instantly, it'd be boring.  It's hard to stand to talk to this big right now. Oh, maybe now it will reach Aaron because he's falling. That actually helped. That guy in the move. No, no, we didn't get him.  He, no, he just felt like body slime in the floor. Come on, Aaron, Aaron. Dude, run already.  Don't tell me this episode is going to end.  Get out of this street. What are y'all doing? I have a feeling in the next episode, they're still not going to touch. Like, Aaron's going to still be limping to Zeke.  This show takes what I thought anticipation meant and literally grabs the word and throws it into the galaxy.   And right when you're about the butt, nope, we're going to stop. We're going to stop and we're going to show you a picture of your mom naked. That's exactly what they're doing. Anyways, guys, let me know down below.  And if you like her, love her. Let me know. If you hate her, let me know down below. But other than that, goodbye.


My name is Niraj Mehta, I'm 23 years old and I'm from India and I play guitar. I got the hearing loss from my childhood but I had a hearing head that was headphone type but I don't used to wear it in my schools. When I play sports I don't used to wear it because there was complex in structure. So one day I went to the doctor and I asked him is there any new technology that has come into the market. Then he told me yeah there's one new device that is Born Rich Conduction and he told he had done one surgery to the person so I told him I need to talk to him and then I will go for the surgery. So I took his review and he told yeah he's very fine with the bone conduction and he's loving it and he's comfortable with that and then I decided to go for this surgery. After the three week I got this device on the first day when I wore it I just listen every noise of traffic, bird noise and everything. So people speaking near to me I can hear that what they are talking. I was just interested in their talking. When I used to study in my school every day I used to sit on the front bench of the classroom because at the back if I say I could not hear and when you sit on the front bench you cannot do a lot of things because the lecturer can see what you're doing and my friends used to tell me come up back we sit at the back but now in the university I sit at the back and I really enjoy sitting at the back. When I started playing guitar it gives me a lot of energy it gives me a lot of calm. Before hearing it I was not enjoying music a lot because I was feeling that I'm not able to match the music so it was not giving me a satisfaction to me because I felt I'm working so hard why I'm not able to play music coordinate music with my voice but after wearing this hearing it I'm able to give more time to the music because I'm enjoying it and I'm able to sing my voice with match with the voice of the guitar. Yeah this is giving me a lot of satisfaction to me. There are people who are really in doubt in their life whether they should undergo for the surgery or not because it's all about your life but I told my dad see I want to build my life I want to be a big person in my life and I want to do this I need to undergo this surgery because life is rigged. I took my risk and then that risk is successful for me. I feel very happy and my family are entirely happy for the surgery.


We are at Ski Club's clubhouse, which is new this year. We're doing physicals, making sure all the kids are cleared to ski or snowboard this year so that they can be good to go when the season starts in a month. We start off with our medical history and then we go to height and weight, then we go to our eye test after, then to blood pressure and then to their actual medical exam. Kind of a basic head-to-toe exam, cardiovascular and respiratory system exam on them and then their spine and their overall alignment as well as their strength. Make sure their reflexes are normal and then checking some of their functional activities. We've gotten a lot of compliments from the parents today. The parents really love this opportunity for the kids. This is one of the best parts of the job for sure. Just getting to give back to the community. It's a great connection with the Sebbin Clinic. We have such great access to such amazing docs. The kids are very excited. We actually start skiing in October, getting right into the season right away.


Alrighty! So we have a few more teasers that have popped up on the building or have been there, who knows for how long, but it brings up an interesting topic of discussion. There are a few mentions of other parks on these teasers as well. There's Carowins kind of mentioned in here maybe and I mean like you guys have a read of these teasers and let me know what you see or think and I'm also seeing now Kings Island mentioned in here. So we have Carowins, Kings Island, and Canada's Wonderland. Now this brings up an interesting topic of discussion is Cedar Fair trying to link a massive storyline to all four of these parks? I think yes, I mean we see it with Canada's Wonderland. That teaser definitely hints at something like a kind of like Frontier, Cedar Creek mining co coming into Canada and I'm starting this whole kind of storyline in Canada's Wonderland that also matches with the direction that Canada's Wonderland's heading. It's almost brilliant if you think about it. And now that we see some other teasers in here with slight mentions to Snakes and Mason Ohio and other aspects of Carowins as well, even in our teaser there's like the 1337 that could kind of be linked back to one of the teasers at Carowins. It's like what is going on and what kind of storyline do you guys think they're going to tell? And I think it all comes back to the Cedar Creek mining co which is super interesting. Now we know that Maverick or the storyline involving Maverick the Coaster and now the and now Steel Vengeance, I almost said the Steel Vengeance GP involving Steel Vengeance kind of has a part in this storyline that is heading into Canada and it's very interesting because what could it possibly have to do with Canada's Wonderland, Carowins and King's Island? How do you link these four massive parks into a storyline? And again, like I just said, it comes back to the Cedar Creek mining co. Is there going to be this whole like are two parks going to side with each other? So is it going to be like Carowins and Canada's Wonderland on Maverick's side and then you have kind of like Cedar Point and King's Island on the Steel Vengeance team?  Is that going to all be linked to this whole battle of the parks and storyline and how? It's so interesting. I want to know what they're going to do because it's like there's so much potential here and the teasers on this building are just phenomenal in kind of like getting you a bit excited for what these possibly could mean. I mean what do you guys think? What do you think of the possible storyline surrounding this whole Cedar Point, Carowins, King's Island and Canada's Wonderland potential storyline could be? What what what direction could they go? Anyways let's get back to the teasers a bit. So we had a bit of a poor angle on the first image and I originally said that you know it might be three inversions 215 feet and 137 foot tall MCBR on the coaster because on the right side I didn't see the comma and I thought that was really the 3,501 foot long coaster but it's the same on either side so I no longer think it means three inversions and 215 feet tall. I think it's there's the potential of subtracting the two which brings you to 286 feet. I also don't know if that's the case but there's lots of just interesting information on these teasers. Here's the bonafide barrel co oak strong and iron bound since 1993, Mason Sundeski. So again this this links the whole like King's Island and Cedar Point kind of storyline barrels for all occasions. Again I definitely think that's directed at King's Island and I have no idea what it could mean definitely comment down below guys I need I need to hear from you like what's going on this is so much information on such a small building. I haven't had the chance to fully dive in deep into all of these teasers and look for anything too specific and interesting. I just know there's definitely some mentions of Caroline's King's Island Cedar Point and Canada's Wonderland and I'm just thrilled that Canada's Wonderland is finally being involved in some sort of epic teasing slash inclusion into like this whole like you know great coaster lineup and storyline and theming and all that and I can't wait to see what happens on August 15th. As you saw the park is starting to tweet so go follow me on Twitter because we're interacting with tweets and the teasing campaign and all that with the park management and PR and communications and all that so definitely go follow us there because it's super exciting so again you have it here daily transportation to the Cedar Creek Mining Co. Now this is interesting and I want to hear your guys's opinion aboard El Zistles I don't know if that's a reference to Zizz or if it's just in there and it means nothing but um this is weird young reindeer and steamship proven safe and reliable that definitely in my opinion refers to BNM I don't know maybe maybe not I don't know comment down below that that sounds to me like a BNM 1863 since 1863 maybe that is reference to something daily operations from Sandusky Pier at 5 30 in the morning returning approximately 7 p.m. We know that there are ferry operations that go between Sandusky, Ohio or Ohio and Canada and a lot of people actually take that to get to Cedar Point and there's the thrashing rapids there's a couple of teasers we didn't get full pictures of um so I'll be interested to see what those other ones say like the one right there thirst thrashing rapids and canyons I have a feeling that's in reference to maybe um Carowinds Coaster and then we have this whole dancing music and all that and we know that Canada's Wonderlands potentially rumored to be getting kind of like a Harmony Hall style restaurant again that's just a rumor and speculation but who knows definitely comment down below I want to hear from you guys what do you think of all this and how it links together it's super interesting hope you enjoyed the video there will definitely be more comment down below give the video like and subscribe if you haven't have a good one guys bye


Hello, this is Buona from Buona.TV and today I want to talk about KeyBase.io and this has to do with crypto encryption. And encryption is a scary topic due to the technical nature of the tools that we've been given over the years. Encryption and encrypting of files and file systems and messaging and the like. You may have heard of terms like PGP and OpenPGP and terms like that. And a lot of those tools, I know when I was learning those tools back in the day, they were very, very intimidating and they require some technical know-how. You know, over the years, people have created tools to make things easier and this is one of the ones I found a few months ago called KeyBase.io and it offers the ability to sign documents, sign messages using strong encryption, as well as free 10 gigabytes of encrypted file storage along with a lot of great tools to integrate with what you are ready to use today. But the reason for this video is I'm not going to talk about KeyBase itself. I'm going to talk about a new Chrome, Google Chrome plugin that came across my radar that I installed and I think it's going to make it a little bit more attractive for people who want to do encryption or into an encryption specifically with chat. And this particular plugin is called KeyBase. If you install this plugin, essentially you will have a chat button installed on different profiles of people who have their profiles already verified with KeyBase. One of the capabilities of KeyBase is that you can verify your particular social media presence, things like GitHub and the like. Looking at the application I have here, it shows me all the things that I have verified, including my website, my Twitter, my GitHub, and so on. All types of things here and it also has my open, my public PGP key if you ever want to know if it's actually me. Again, it offers file storage and easy encryption of files and messages. So this is very cool.  Send this and this is an encrypted message says chat sent. You can continue the conversation in your KeyBase app. So what will happen is in my KeyBase app, I can go to the chat tab and I go to this particular person here named Buana and I see test messages to myself and I go hello myself. And now this particular, this whole entire message is secure and encrypted. And again, this is something that makes a seemingly daunting task as encryption a little bit less intimidating. It's a very easy to use tool, very easy to verify your websites. I highly recommend you look into KeyBase. But specifically for this video, check out the KeyBase Chrome plugin, which gives you secure chat on every profile. This is Buana from Buana.tv. I just want to show you a little bit about KeyBase and a little bit of a cryptography crypto for everyone and how you can easily chat with others on social media. Take care guys. Have a good day.


The work of the great Dr. Sigmund Freud centered the attention of the whole scientific world on the subject of dreams. It is not surprising, therefore, that one of Freud's fellow psychologists, Dr. Ignaz Gessars, should have made a hobby of collecting and recording strange dreams which were imparted to him during his years of practice in Old Vienna. What is surprising, however, is that in the doctor's collection there is at least one dream which no psychiatric theory can account for. A dream that defies the very premises of Freudianism itself. The rain fell steadily on the streets of Amsterdam. Hendrik van der Moen, a member of the Amsterdam police force, drew the collar of his coat around his neck and shuddered as he lingered at the canal bridge, fascinated by the ripple of the raindrops in the water below him. Brain cut! They're men! In the water! And he is found and gagged! Early the following morning, in the little town of Lachel, Switzerland, one Gustav Mertz, who was both the police chief of Lachel and also its police force, read a telegram in the privacy of his office. Identified him as Jakob Dauer, a watchmaker of your village, was still alive when rescued from the Amsterdam canal, but had been bound and gagged and severely beaten, died without regaining consciousness. Obviously a victim of murder. Later that morning, young Rudolf Bauer, son of the late Jakob Bauer, received a call from police chief Gustav Mertz. My father? Dead? Murdered, Rudolf. He went to Amsterdam on business, I suppose? Yes. To buy materials. He had enemies there? Why, no. He scarcely knew anyone in Amsterdam. And here, in Lachel? Well, no. Unless you would call Ulrich Tobler an enemy, he owed father a good deal of money. He refused to pay him. It made father very angry. At least it used to. A few weeks ago, father stopped talking about it. It was almost as if... Well, as if for some reason, he was afraid of Ulrich Tobler. It was not until two days later, when he was going through the deceased's personal papers, that Gustav Mertz found out why the watchmaker had grown afraid of his neighbor Ulrich Tobler. That was when he found the record of the dream. It was carefully written down in Jakob Bauer's neat, sturdy hand. See, if I had had this dream only once, I would not bother to set it down. But it has come to me not once, nor twice, nor even three times. Four times in all I have had it. In the dream, I was arguing with Ulrich Tobler. I reminded him of the money he owed me, and I told him he must pay. But he refused and laughed at me. And then I grew very angry. And I said I would sue him.  And he turned away. I, too, turned away. And then, before I could take a step, something struck me on the back of the head. I fell to the ground. And the next thing I knew, I could see my head, bound and gagged and bleeding.  For I had been thrown unconscious into the waters of a canal. Yes, this was the dream that Jakob Bauer had written down a few days before he died. Can such a dream be classified in the Freudian manner as the mere expression of a subconscious fear or desire? Must it not rather be accepted as a prophecy? A prophecy incredible but true.


I hope I can be of help to those who are in attendance. We started out on our certified organic farm just growing produce. And we discovered that there are times of year when you can't grow produce, of course, and you can't get any income. So we slowly evolved into what I'm going to talk about today. First of all, value added products. I'm a school teacher, so this is going to be very simple. Everybody will be able to understand me. But what are they will value added products or products that you make from the raw materials that you grow, or that you buy. An example, the example I use in this, I don't know what a bushel of wheat is going for now. Don't know if anybody out there would say it's not $4 and 57 cents. But at the time that I put this slide together, it was, and if you grow a bushel of wheat, you can sell it for $4 and 57 cents. If you decide that you want to turn that wheat into flour. You can make 42 pounds of flour. And now flowers either enough was a five pound bag so you're talking about eight bags of flour. And we know the flower doesn't cost 80 cents or 90 cents or a dollar. And so you see the value that's added once you just simply grind the wheat 22 bushel 22 loaves of bread can become made from that one bushel. And bread is now selling for if you make it yourself I some markets sell it for $8 or $9 of loaf you know so that's an example.  And that's one of the reasons is if you're selling it market, and you have butternut squash that has a big chunk out of it or rotten spot or it looks ugly. You can't really sell it at market, but you can certainly take the skin off, cut it in half take out the seeds, put it in chunks and freeze it and sell it that way. Also, things like strawberries. If we pick them on a Monday, they're not going to keep until Saturday for the market. If they if you pick them too early they're not going to be sweet. If they're perfectly ripe, they're not going to stay that long so what we would do, we would, the Monday picking would go into the freezer. And then the, the Wednesday or Thursday picking would go to sell fresh at the market. We sell frozen strawberries during the winter for the same price as we sell fresh strawberries in the summer. And if you go to buy frozen strawberries, you will find that they're not perfectly ripe, that is, I don't know when they picked them or when they froze them but they aren't. They don't have that wonderful taste that a perfect strawberry does also value added uses market returns. That's one of the most devastating things for a farm market. The only way that a marketer is to get all of this produce together and wash it and package it up and take it to market and nobody buys it and then you bring it home. What do you do. So we can use when you value added, we can use those market returns. Maybe it would be cucumbers and turn them into pickles. What can add value to products there are three that I'm going to talk about and then other ideas and I would hope maybe some of you would. I've gotten ideas from my audience many, many times. So, freezing those there's a picture there not very big of our frozen strawberries. You can put them on a sheet like that stick them in a chest freezer and bag them up and keep them for a later sale. We've also done this with green beans with tomatoes. We didn't realize. Initially that frozen tomatoes less are cherry tomatoes are very sweet. You can freeze the cherry tomatoes just as they are. Sell them in the winter for the same price that you sell a pie of cherry tomatoes in the in the summer and people like them and they sometimes they'll they'll bake them bake or put them in the oven. They'll put them. We've actually freeze dried them and use them as what we call cherry tomato croutons. So you just put them on your salad, but the flavor is still there. One of the biggest things we're doing now. We are making soups and we're selling them in two ways, either frozen in a court or freeze dried in a soup powder mix where you just add water. You can make a puree, same way you could you can take sweet potatoes and make a puree out of it and not flavor it in any way then you can turn it into mashed sweet potatoes or you can turn it into a sweet potato pie, however you want to. A friend of mine had a boys grow and has a city. They throw away 1200 pounds of butternut squash because they couldn't get rid of it and. You see these, this is actually a picture of. Yeah, those are butternut squash. That have been diced. Essentially we just skin it, cut it in half take out the seeds, run it through a process food processor to dice it and put it in a bag and freeze it. People I was talking to a person here in the audience before that they have all these nice squash. There's things that they aren't going to keep all winter, but people do buy the processed butternut squash so they don't have all that work. They aren't throwing away half of it freeze drying is a process that we got started on with a Sarah Grant. And to be honest, we didn't even know what freeze drying was. This grant together Amy was with me, your former employer, and I had heard about it but I didn't really know what it was and we have since fallen in love with freeze dryer. The freeze drying process is is different than dehydration. It's better than dehydration in most ways, because it doesn't use high heat doesn't take your herbs and blow heat and air across them. The herbs are have a greener color and a better flavor than dehydrated. You can dehydrate apples. Again, seconds can be used you can slice them into rings, core them of course, and then freeze dry them, and you've got these little freeze dried apple chips, which are healthy snacks. Ours of course are certified organic as well. We have freeze dried cherry tomatoes, green beans, peppers. If you don't want to buy a whole green pepper you just need a few peppers for your tomato sauce for your spaghetti, you take them out of the bag and sprinkle them in there and then they re hydrate. We've actually freeze dried onions and turned it into onion powder, which is one thing we do sell as little jars of of our herbs. The other thing about freeze drying is that it doesn't change the flavor, whatever it tasted like when it went into the freeze dryer or when it came out of your pot. It comes out tasting the same. We are selling lots and lots of freeze dried soups now. Salad dressing mixes is a new product that we we put together in cute little jars where you can make your own ranch dressing or your own Greek dressing or Chipotle ranch dressing by adding ingredients to it. I didn't put this up there. Sometimes you fail. We tried baby food. We thought how easy could that be. And it was so you'd take green beans or you'd take butternut squash or you'd take sweet potatoes and you'd cook them down freeze dry them turn them into powder. And now all the mother has to do is add mother's milk or formula or water, and they can make as little or as much as they want they don't have to throw away half a jar or whatever. But for some reason. We they didn't sell. And we're not exactly. We didn't have a lot of babies come mothers with babies coming to the market. Maybe that was it. Somebody told me Wednesday. That's when all the babies come to them. So freeze drying keeps once they're in the bag. They will keep for 15 to 20 years without refrigeration so that you can take them on camping trips. You can put them in a drawer. You don't have to worry about continuously putting energy into keeping them pulled. Here's some examples. The one at the, the, he did say there was a one on this side shows the color difference the top half is the freeze dried herb. And the bottom half is the same or that was dehydrated. So you can see they look like they're fresh. The bottom, which one of these buttons is little, little one at the bottom. Well anyway. That's the herbs. This is the little chives that were freeze dried. That's a carrot ginger soup mix. And there you just add water laser or the laser. Really. Anyway, canning is another thing. So we've talked about freezing. Talked about freeze drying and that equipment is expensive. It's about. Or $5,000, but. Sarah does do grants. They do not buy equipment, but they will buy tools. And equipment is anything that's $5,000 or more. So if you want to buy a tool, a freeze drying tool, it does qualify. That's how we've gotten our freeze charge. Pickles, of course, those that's where we sell lots of cucumbers. And we, we make spicy pickles and we make pickled okra, like it sells out immediately. We make jams and jellies. We make an elderberry syrup that you can put into hot water to make a tea, which is very good. We make sauces and sauces. There's elderberries before they're cooked down. Other ideas. Well, the way we got these ideas was our first Sarah grant. We went around to all the farmers in the Kansas City food hub and interviewed them and asked them. What they did and any experience they had with. Value added processing. Some had made flour in the past. T's some baked goods. Some dehydrated things. Nobody had heard of a freeze dryer at that point. You can press oils. You can juice things. You can make smoothie packets. Well, as I said earlier, this is kind of repeating myself, but what are the benefits? If you don't have to throw something in the compost. If you can turn it into value. That's a win win for everybody. And so processing seconds. Things that are not, I mean, we do sell things we call them. Cosmetically challenged tomatoes.  But still, there are some things that you don't even want to take to the market. That just don't look good. But they, those, those tomatoes. Still taste good. Shelf life. Certain times of year, everybody has tomatoes for sale.  And you're not selling them. You don't want to drop the price too far. But you spent all that time and effort. And now you got to throw it in the compost heap. Put them in the freezer. A friend of mine who ran several restaurants. He would buy cases of tomatoes and put the whole case into his freezer. He would make the mother sauces and the other sauces that he had later in the year. He could buy them when they were cheapest when everybody had them. So if you have a freezer, you could preserve these and tell another time. Barry's I talked about cucumbers, okra, those perishable things. You just don't want to put them in the compost. You can sell throughout the year. You can sell like we had a farmers market last Saturday. And we didn't have one today because it's zero outside, but you can sell throughout the year and you can have a little bit of cash flow coming in. Our value added has gone. We are most of the year at our markets and we sell fresh as well. The value added products are now about 65% of our income. And during this time of year, the only thing we have to sell are some butternut squash and some some onions. And so they're close to 90 95%. People love jams and jellies. You can also sell these things for higher prices. As we talked about the bushel of wheat becoming 22 loaves of bread, but even jams are selling. If they're homemade and they're good, their good quality can sell for a little higher price. It also is pleasing to customers because of the convenience of not having. You know, I don't think skinning a butternut squash is that big of a deal, but some people would rather just buy the chunks of butternut without having to throw away half of it. Now, you need there are several things several hurdles I would say or several things to think about. If you don't have your own kitchen, can you share somebody else's. If you see the two, I've got two sources up here on my website one for Kansas one for Missouri. And I'll speak it out. But the Kansas one is agriculture dot ks dot gov. And that one tells you where some of what they call incubator kitchens. There's no search for that online incubator kitchens or kitchens that are used by other people. Churches have them community centers have them, and they can rent them out by the hour. This second one from Missouri, I just stumbled on it. It's, it's called the kitchen door dot com.  It'll tell you where your options are within your zip code. It's quite a good website. Well, what did they do here. Some reason my picture for my canner didn't come out but you know what a canner looks like we're all electric at our farm and we have a solar array. So our canner is an electric canner. Our freezers of course are electric. And where can you sell value out of products, but we've talked about this. You can sell them on your online website. You can sell them to retirement facilities to schools grocery stores we do sell wholesale to certain grocery stores, winter markets, especially CSAs farmers markets, and food pantries. And safety hurdles this. This is not in the purview of my presentation today, because there are people that know and keep up with all of these things. So, I'm going to go back to Linda Nwadake from K state and University of Missouri has, I will give you her link, a couple of the sites where you can go and find out what what are the regulations. But, you know, if you have meat in them, it's different if you have anything like eggs or milk in them. That's different. More than I can tell you about today, but all the agencies the USDA the state agencies and the local do have regulations about food safety, which is good. There are two links to food safety. One is for the University of Missouri, and one is the Kansas department. And they even give workshops on this for growers. If you want to know more about our details of our Sarah grants. You can go to our website pat and Rachel's gardens.com, or you can go to Sarah. www.sare.org and look up these two grant numbers. But my website I think has even more free information about that. There's, there's my contact pat and Rachel's gardens.com or Dr James our leak at gmail.com. So is it for those who couldn't hear him he's saying that if you use indirect sunlight to dry your herbs that they will also preserve their color and not not change to gray like, like they do when they're dehydrated. A lot cheaper than buying a freeze dryer.


I'm going to show you now how to figure out the number of lattice points of a simple cubic cell, a body centered cubic cell, and a face centered cubic cell. What number of lattice points is like? How many total atoms are within the actual unit cell itself? When we look at this, we'll draw some cubes. Simple cubic, what do we say? One, two, body centered cubic, body centered as the same as the simple cubic center of the body. There's a full lattice as a face centered cubic with the same height as the simple with spaces. Any questions about any of this stuff as to why there are all of these things? Now let's think about the lattice points. Like I said, we're trying to determine how many actual atoms are within that unit cell. There's eight atoms associated with the simple cubic. Everybody's okay with that. We call the number of lattice points Z. Z is going to be, well, eight. We get that from the counting, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Then we have to ask ourselves, how much of that actual atom is within that unit cell? Well, if you look at it and think about it, you'll find that it's only one eighth of that atom. What we do to find the number of lattice points is say one eighth times eight or eight times one eighth like that. Number of lattice points for this one, what are we going to do if you think at least the first part is going to be the same as this, right? That makes sense because there's eight on the outside and how many of each of those atoms is within the unit cell? One eighth of them. So it's eight times one, one eighth like that, but is there anything else inside of that cell? What? A whole atom, right? So it's eight times one eighth, is there going to be something similar on this one? What is it going to be? Eight. Times one eighth. Now we're going to add something to this one. Six. Right? Six. And can anybody figure out how much is inside by the sides of those poles? Oh. Okay. So what is this? That's one plus six times a half, three. So z equals four. So number of lattice points for FCCs that are always four, number of lattice points for VCCs are always two, number of lattice points for simple qubits are always one or primitive qubits. You might see these called something. Okay. Question? I'm not sure if it's like, say it's like the top, you know, there would be another one on top there. Yeah, exactly. Uh-huh. Yeah. So remember that diagram that we showed earlier where there's going to be another cube. So this one is going to be half inside this one and half inside the bottom one down there. One eighth inside the top one, one eighth inside the bottom. Is everybody okay with that? That's a good question.


So the Executive Council meeting was presented with this agenda number three, which was about the total dissolution in effect of GS cash and replacement by the UGC regulation. Two or three deans were allowed to put their opinion, but in fact, when members, the elected representatives of the teachers tried to speak, they were actually sharply censured and the agenda was passed without any discussion. The last time there was a similar attack on the GS cash, not to the same extent, but last time when it happened it was in 2002-3. There was a sexual harassment case against a faculty member and that was the first time that a faculty member was actually punished. The administration set up a committee to re-look at the GS cash rules and procedures and tried to dilute to a large extent its independent nature. Thankfully it didn't go through. The most important thing is that the GS cash was not given by the administration or the government. This is the movement of women in this country and all those people are fighting on the issues of gender justice. After a long struggle, after the judgment of Milamisha, it was said that in every institution, whether it is private or government, there should be an institution that works against sexual violence. There should be a representation of every body of the institution, so that the power of any kind is not justified by sexual violence. There might be somebody close to the administration who is involved in a case of sexual harassment because why does this sudden need to change the very body which has upheld gender sensitization? One very significant issue is that in the Executive Council, there is a person called Biddu Chakravarti and he was implicated in a sexual harassment case in D.U. and he was found guilty. Actions were taken against him that you cannot hold any administrative position. That person is sitting in a body and deciding whether GS cash should exist or not. You cannot prevent or deter sexual harassment if the people who are in charge of enquiries are completely subject to pressure from senior levels. During our time also, there was a right-wing government and it's a similar government today but I think the nature of the government itself is very different. The entire attack ever since this person has taken over has been on the student, has been on the teacher, has been on the institution as such. Today we can see that the NGO given to JNU is the wife of a BJP leader. What is the position of the BJP on the gender issue? I don't need to tell you. Everybody knows very well. JNU is safe and secure for a large number of people in this campus, particularly because of this GS cash. Because there was a supportive mechanism in which the students and the teachers and staffs could go and file a complaint without having that fear that the information, the confidentiality will be leaked and the breach of trust was not there. But in ICC, since it is a nominated body, that sort of confidence is not there. I think it's a political attack from the government also that they want to sub-attach such kind of democratic bodies in this country that nobody could have thought that such a body could also exist in an institution where any woman can go and be free. Meaning she is not just a teacher, student, or any contractual worker of the campus can go and file a complaint because I spoke. GS cash said that because the confidentiality and so on is concerned, without taking the consent of the complainant we will not be able to hand over the file to ICC. So they have come with a battle in our security guard to seal the office. And after GS cash, GS cash also sealed their own documents and place. But GS cash office was double logged by the administration. It is also an institution which created atmosphere for gender sensitization and in fact opened up way many debates than you would find in a normal campus. People who are now going to run the ICC from what I am told have no experience in dealing with sexual harassment. So obviously they have no idea what they are doing plus if they just act on the behest of the vice chancellor or the administration in general then obviously there is no justice expected from them. For us the grief is you know there is an institution which we will fight for but that institution exists for justice and justice is now denied in JNU. As a political statement today when they are rejecting the existence of the GS cash body we are going ahead with our election. We are going to conduct our GS cash election. We want to give that message loud and clear that you might not recognize GS cash as a body but for us the gender sensitization committee against sexual harassment still exists and we will send our representatives.


Sailors aboard USS John C. Stennis execute replenishments at sea on a regular basis. A replenishment at sea, or RAZ, delivers supplies, mail, fuel, and other mission essentials. During its four months at sea, the Stennis has completed 15 RAZes. One of the most crucial elements of a successful RAZ is proper communication between the departments involved, the working parties, and senior leadership. In order to complete a RAZ successfully, it takes a lot of teamwork. I would definitely say you have a lot of moving parts between decks, supplies, fuels. So I would definitely say it takes a lot of teamwork. SAICS also said RAZes can be extremely dangerous, and it's important for the entire crew to constantly train and keep qualifications up to date. Reporting aboard USS John C. Stennis, I'm Seaman Zach Wolfe.


Hello everybody, welcome to the second press conference of the EGU General Assembly 2024. My name is Hazel Gibson, I'm the EGU's Head of Communications and I'd like to welcome you all today to our second press conference PC2 titled Food Security, Water Wows and Tired Lettuce. We are very grateful to have three amazing speakers joining us today, both here on site in Vienna and online. We will be possessing through their presentations and then moving to the questions and answers period after all of the presentations have ended. So if you are joining us virtually at this time, please can you mute your microphones until the end of the presentations when we will be able to take your answers directly in the room. We have, as I say, we are joined by three excellent speakers today, it was a difficult task to choose the presentations we wanted to select for this year's General Assembly as it is the largest General Assembly that we have ever had with just about 20,000 abstracts submitted earlier this year. So choosing the cream of the crop for our press conferences was a difficult task but one that we found very exciting. So I would like to introduce our three speakers for today. The first is Marian Kulpen from the Environmental Science Group Wageningen University and Research in the Netherlands. The second is Paloma Esteve, who is from the Department of the Agronomia Agaria. This is very Spanish and I apologize for my terrible Spanish pronunciation from the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid in Spain. And the third is Thilo Hoffman, who is from the Centre of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science from the University of Vienna here in Austria. I will hand over to our speakers now and we will carry on with the presentation. So we will start with Marian. Thank you so much. I hope I'm not too close. The slides should be up in just a second. Okay. Yes. So welcome. Thank you that I can be here today. I will present our research on tracking real-time impacts of climate variability and trade disruptions on water and food security. My name is Marijn Kulpen and also my colleagues Hesse Biemans and Ipe van der Velder are here in the room and we work also with Christian Siderius in his base in Australia. I work at Wageningen University in Research and yeah, maybe like this, the microphone just try. Yeah. I think we all recognize these types of headings in which we see that extreme events of weather events have effect on food production and water security in countries themselves but also having effect far beyond the country in other countries because they are interlinked with each other via trade. This means that there is a complicated interplay between biophysical and non-biophysical factors when it comes to food security but also water security. For example, in 2022 after a heat wave in India the government decided to ban exports of wheat to other countries to keep food security for their own country safe and this could have effects for countries that are actually normally depending on this exports. And also in Indonesia last January we saw that there was lower rise production because of heat and droughts and now they are depending probably this year more on imports from other countries and of course we know that these events are happening and that they are interlinked with each other but we most of the time only know it when it's happening or when it's already happened and not we don't trigger it beforehand. So we feel like the global picture is missing. We would like to rethink that the picture of what of which regions and countries are depending on other regions or countries is yet missing under current climate events or water risks and therefore we developed a hydrology production trade model with open access data and models that we already used but also newly developed models. So in this presentation I would tell you the basics of this model and then highlight a few examples of which we have found with this model and the challenges that we have faced to to be as accurate as possible and ambitions that we have. So this model is is fed with climate data which is which we download monthly from the Comperonicus data store and this is input for our global production and hydrology model and this model includes several crops including wheat, mice and rice. It's a device between irrigated crops and rain fed crops and with this model we can actually answer what crops are affected by the weather events and what water challenges will come up with this in terms of water quantity and this is then the output of this model is then production numbers and this is used for our trade model in which we actually could analyze what does a lower production mean for another region or country. And this is for the first time that we try to combine the biophysical model of the food and water with the trade model and actually simulate the current situation and the near future situation and we think it's important because we cannot depend on historic data anymore and historic trends because climate change is increasing the events and at the same time also trade patterns are changing all the time. And also we feel like we can do it currently because there is more data available and also on a more recent data like for example the climate data is available every five days is available with a lack of five days, sorry I have to say it like that. So I would like to give some examples of what we have been done. We started two years ago with developing this train of data and models and since the end of 2023 we actually started to analyze specific events so we saw for example the heat impact after a really cold winter in India and what in the north of India and what this could mean for the wheat production and this because if the spring is shorter after a cold winter the chances high that wheat production will maybe partly fail or so we're trying to get a grip on this so this temperature differences also snow patterns are changing in central Asia for example this year there was not much snow and this is this means that also downstream especially downstream there will be more effects felt but then the eventually there came a lot of snow so we saw that it was maybe partly yeah less of a hazard than we could maybe have got into and currently we are looking into the ongoing droughts in South East Asia and what this can mean for the rice production there here you see for example the climate data that we use so you can see on the on the right or the left for you the temperature and that already in 2024 the other blue dots the temperature is relatively high compared to other years and also compared to 2023 and also the precipitation is already quite low in 2000 or actually relatively low compared to other years for 2024 so this is ongoing progress and we are still getting trying to get a grip on this and that actually brings me to my next slide because we face some challenges to to come as close as possible to reality we have to simulate and understand the variability as good as possible because if we do long-term modeling we can we look more at the averages of multiple years and now we really have to look in what is happening in one specific year we validate our model with foul studs but they always show two years later or are having a lack of two years so we really need to get a grip of what's happening now we have to handle the bias and uncertainty in using the latest data like the climate data that I mentioned before we have to have our results quite fast and also understandable because we would like to be in front of a climate risk or food security risk so that there is also still time to actually handle or to take action and at the same time reality catches up early because we are working at the current system we will have our data will be validated quite quick and this is actually also a benefit because we can yeah really easily then also think or really relatively easy then also validate our chain of data and models so our ambitions are that we would like to support early anticipation of potential food and water security by identifying emerging stresses on a national level and also have better and quicker understanding of this complexity of trade but also biophysical components to understand this dynamic global food and water system and we would like to provide knowledge required for national food and water security and also for policies because you can be depending on your own as a country on your own food food production or you are depending on another country's food production but understanding how this really works with the climate hazards that can come we we would like to have more knowledge and provide this as well so thank you this was my presentation thank you very much we will now move to our next speaker Paloma Esteve who is our online participant please give us a couple of minutes to change the slides thank you for your patience okay please proceed Paloma okay thank you very much so I'm Paloma Esteve I am a professor at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid in the department of agricultural economics and the research I'm presenting is titled challenges and opportunities of use in reclaimed water for agricultural irrigation in Spain a hydroeconomic analysis and it has been developed together by colleagues here at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid in Spain and colleagues from from the Stockholm environmental Institute and Stockholm University so the research I'm presenting today is a part of an ongoing project the reclamo project in which we are exploring the role of reclaimed water reuse this is treated with with water that is given an additional treatment so that it can be reused for different purposes in these cases irrigation so next slide please so the key messages we got from this part of the research are that reclaimed water reuse can contribute to mitigate the negative impacts of water scarcity for farmers especially in areas of big population concentrations where wastewater treatment plants have a high capacity and especially when this water is used to irrigate high value added crops however the contribution of reclaimed water reuse is limited it can be a part of the solution but only a part of the solution and also it may entail some negative impacts for downstream demands so next slide please so what is the relevance of these results well reclaimed water reuse is growing rapidly being agricultured its main user and currently there is an important push from public policies to promote wastewater reuse and it is considered well it is considered within the sustainable development goal six targets and it is also considered an important issue within circular economy approaches so for example it can contribute to nutrient recycling or it can contribute to improve water quality and improve ecological status due to more strict water treatment and at the same time it provides an additional non-conventional water resource that can be used for different purposes and that can be really key in in arid and semi arid areas where water scarcity is a problem so Spain is living in a country in terms of water reuse in Europe about half of water reuse in the european union comes from Spain but at the same time we are quite far from reaching our potential so only about 10 percent of of treated with water is is reused so in this context and next please and in this context we are developing the reclamo research project which is funded by the Spanish ministry of science and this project is exploring the role of reclaim water reuse for irrigation but we are focusing in two very distinct cases so one is the most typical one in coastal areas but the other one is in an inland basin where water reuse has started to be implemented to substitute groundwater extractions next please so this inland case is the case of the upper guadiana basin in central spain and in this basin during the second half of the 20th century there was a large expansion of irrigation agriculture triggered partially by by agricultural policies and this large development was mainly based on groundwater resources so this led to the over exploitation of the upper fair below and the degradation of of the associated wetlands of Las Dalas de Daimiel which have or had a high ecological value so since the end of the 20th century next please different policies and management plans have been developed to to control resource to control and reduce water abstractions aiming to recover the aquifer and the wetlands so within these policies the most important measure has been the implementation of a water abstraction regime which implies a reduction a large reduction of water allotments for irrigation for farmers and also these allotments are revised annually so as long as the water levels in the aquifer continue decreasing these allotments are reduced for farmers so next please and next again sorry so these plans which were mainly based on on promoting a more efficient use of water and to reduce allotments have not really succeeded in avoiding over exploitation so in this context some irrigation communities have started to reduce treated with water for irrigation or pudicrops in this case mainly vineyards and even if these farmers are just a minority at the moment there there is an increase an increase in interest and increasing demands from other farmers and users to further develop in this area reclaimed water reuse so current regulation in the basin allow reclaimed water reuse but only when it substitutes groundwater extraction rights so so that the total amount of water use doesn't change so in this context we question what is the potential of reclaimed water reuse in this area what can be the impacts but also what can be what what can be sorry the impacts for farmers but also what can be the impact on aquifer recovery next please so we started analyzing economic feasibility so previous research within this project showed that a project viability depends on location and on the type of crops so there is a net benefit of reclaimed water reuse in areas close to high capacity water treatment plants and and especially when reclaimed water is used to regained high value added crops which is not always that way in this in this basin so particularly when woody crops are irrigated as vineyards and olives there's a clear net benefit on on implementing this kind of projects so considering this next please considering this we developed first an economic model that allows to simulate or to represent farmers decisions regarding what crops to grow and what water resources to use so it's an optimization model in which we assume farmers maximize their try to maximize their their farm income so this model allowed us to compare farm income under different conditions so first we had the baseline conditions where water consumption is above sustainable levels then we simulated full compliance with the current water abstraction regime where income would decrease by a five percent and finally when farmers are given access to reclaim water reuse so in this case average the average farm income showed an increase of about 12 percent so what determines this this impact or this positive impact of reclaim water reuse so first the cost of water and so here we consider the prices that currently farmers are paying for reclaim water reuse in the small project that it's already been implemented there so in this case the cost of reclaim water is similar or even a bit lower than the than the cost of pumping water from the output first so this is crucial there so there there's a there arises the question of the role that public funding and subsidizing water treatments are crucial for the for the viability of these kind of projects next please so then building or or after seeing economically it's positive or it can be positive for farmers and then we we question what is the impact on the water system on the hydrology system so for being able to explore the impact of these changes on the water system and on the aquifer we couple a hydrology model in which we could simulate how different land uses different property patterns provided by different water allotments and access to reclaim water reuse could impact on aggregated water demand and on aquifer water storage next please so results showed that reclaim water reuse would contribute to stabilization of water levels in the aquifer and despite its role is small it's an additional effort on top of a water extraction regime also the changes in land use result on irrigation demands that are more easily satisfied when reclaim water is available next please and however the distribution of impacts on surface water bodies is uneven across the basin and there can be negative impacts on downstream wetlands therefore it's necessary to that reclaim water reuse is developed with caution and more research is needed regarding the hydrological dynamics of the wetlands and that's all thank you very much thank you very much we will now move to our last presentation which is with Thilo Hoffman give us a couple of minutes just to switch the slides thank you for your patience thank you very much for the opportunity to present our work here this is a joint project between the University of Vienna and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem it fits perfectly to the talk before and you will see in a minute why thank you so much that's perfect so the issue of the presentation is about tires you know that tires they're highly designed they contain a lot of chemicals and they're designed to abrade because you want to keep your car on the track so they need to abrade they need to have frictions and it is no surprise that tire contain additives because what a tire is doing nowadays it's high-tech and this doesn't basically depend on the rubber itself it depends on the additives inside the tire and what has been overlooked over a few decades now that of course these additives end up in the environment e-mobility will not change this picture to the contrary e-mobility has a higher weight and also abrasion of the tires might be a little bit higher so e-mobility does not change this just to get a rough idea about this it's about one kilogram per capita per year so this is massive and this is about a 50 percent of the global microplastics so it's it's a big number what we have seen from other studies over here is this is a paper and science two years ago that these tire wear additives might be really toxic to fish so for example after a street wash road wash events in seattle basically a salmon was swimming upside down in the river so it's it's pretty toxic this tire wear additives like to move this slowly here and here we get the exact link to the last presentation so how do why do these tire wear additives reach the farmland soil normally you wouldn't expect to throw your tires hopefully not to a farmland soil point is that you have three big routes the one road is biosolids and here you have a map of the european union and you see for example in spain it's about 72 percent or here in france 76 percent of the sewage sludge called biosolids which because it sounds better and this is brought to the fields basically for being a fertilizer because we have a limit and some areas of organic carbon but mainly phosphorus and that's also why we used a cooperation with israel because in israel basically all of the biosolids are used and this is increasing globally so most countries in the world use increasingly biosolids and these biosolids of course contain all the road wash from the roads including the abraded tire wear and the second route is exactly irrigated wastewater so this is reclaimed wastewater as we just heard from spain this is increasing in the e u this is also increasing globally in israel for example up to 100 percent of the wastewater is reclaimed treated and then irrigated to the field and this is the two major pathways why the additives from the tire can then reach basically farmland soil and the third part is wind so if a motorway over here of course wind can basically have an input here that you get the tire wear directly onto your farm field now it does not work at all oh i have to bring the mouse back so we had three different studies and what we wanted to show is that the additives on the tire wear leach into the environment they're taken up by plants and they enter the food chain so first step is we did a hydroponic study so just in the lab to see and understand the mechanism the second step was a monitoring study so we checked all around europe basically if you go to the grocery and buy this from spain or the netherlands or from where whatsoever what do we find here in stock and then the study we report today is the flutian hemmeli who's here in the audience as a greenhouse study so we wanted to look under realistic growing conditions basically what happens here experimental setup has been very simple here the pots in the greenhouse nice lettuce you just have seen the pictures we dose the fertilizer we dose the compounds over here we were running these experiments 21 days and then basically we extracted the salad we extracted the soil and measured this at high resolution mass spec to identify these compounds you don't need to know these structures by heart even if you're a journalist of course you will do so later i know but just look to how nice they look and that's exactly what we did we wanted to look to the structure we selected by purpose very different structures because then you can extrapolate this to different compounds and we also look to a parameter called hydrophobicity how much they love water or they love fat so these compounds here very different that this gives us a little bit an idea what is the driving mechanisms and it gives you a little bit of prediction what would happen with other compounds why because in Atari you can have up to 1000 of these compounds and it's impossible to test the tox and the uptake of all of these compounds second producers like Contier Michelin or Pirelli they will never tell you what's in the tire that is the secret and it's not regulated by the way which is interesting and might change in the next years and plant uptake and metabolism it's important so the first step is basically you need a root uptake so your compound and with this fancy structures that's not easy the compound has to pass basically the root being taken up and different compounds behave very different then you have a distribution in the plant and then plant actually wants to get rid of it it does a metabolism basically so it has detox mechanisms and this metabolism produces a lot of other compounds what we see is one of these compounds HMM basically so it is taken up in the plant the concentration increases over time 14 days and then it decreases again so you have a metabolism of the plant the say the same for the Guanadine DPG so it's taken up over here and then the concentration again decreases so you have metabolism that's the work what Lucia did it's it's a little bit a lot of explaining here with the error bars but when we talk to the plant guys they tell us well that's nature if you have a lot of different plants that it just looks different what you can see is for the take-home message so some compounds here you don't find them a lot in the plant later but degradation products of this compounds this is by the way the toxic one which kills the salmon 6 ppd and the key known is basically the product which is later produced in the environment they are taken up by the plant and then also DPG and HMM are taken up the message here is very simple these compounds are taken up under realistic growing conditions the compound availability in the soil so how much of this compound you have this option behavior as well as the plant uptake processes govern the concentrations in the leaf so it's it's getting complex and then the soil composition of course this is a no-brainer that's no surprise if you have a lot of clay you have less but you don't grow salad and clay so the soil composition of course significantly influences the compound uptake for all the study tire direct compounds and with this I would like to show the team over here so Lucia and Emily he really did most of the work in Israel actually until October 8th then he need to fly back he is here in the audience and Anja Sherman she is PhD student in my department and this postdoc Torsten Hoefa and me and then the team from Israel Benny Feffetz he's at the moment in LA and I got tar and I would like to close with a few takeaway facts your sharing is encouraged of course because it's a press conference so I as a braid very simple one kilogram per year globally it's massive tire particles contain a plethora of potentially toxic additives tire particle additives enter the farmland where biosolids recycled wastewater as we just heard and wind these additives lead into the soil we have shown they're taken up by plants and enter the food chain and under realistic conditions compound structure and soil availability to control this uptake and then it's my personal statement here the risk to human health is not fully known but please guys we don't want wildlife with PFAS DDT and the others until we see the risk we need to act now and restrict chemical plastic pollution that's really of major importance thanks thank you very much so now we have some time for questions I'm able to open the room for questions both sorry yes open the room for questions both in the room and online if you are in the room if you want to ask a question please raise your hand and I'll bring the microphone to you if you are online you can either use the raise hand feature in zoom or type your question into the chat and I will ask it on your behalf so does anybody have any questions for us because yes thanks so much for your presentations I am curious about the tire emissions so I'm from Oregon, Portland Oregon and I saw all those headlines with the salmon a couple of years ago what are the worst compounds in from the coming from the tires that that you know of and did I understand correctly that you said up to a thousand chemicals are in tires but we don't know what those are it's a very good question so what is known from Oregon for example is six ppd six ppd key known but all the seven ppds are now regulated so for example epa california does a lot of regulation on this so there's a big debate both in the us as well as here in europe which of these compounds might be banned for substitutes my concern here is that we have seen this substitution very often for example if you look to bpa and you can go to the supermarket in Oregon and buy bpa free bottles beautiful and there is bps inside it's not better long chain PFAS have been banned and substituted by next generation PFAS for shorter chain PFAS because they are thought to be safer they're not safer so I would go the other way around I would go to the positive list here I would really regulate this and go to a positive list and say these are additives which are allowed it sounds maybe a little bit naive but I don't think it is naive if you look to the problems coming up in the last decade better understanding that it is simply impossible to talk test all compounds not possible need to go the other way around so of the three uptake my mechanisms that you identified biosolids wind and irrigation water which of those is the most concerning yeah very good question not not easy because it's a wicked problem the wicked problem is is biosolids contain of course fertilizer so it's used a lot for example in the U.S. Canada China increasingly on the other side it is basically the sewage loss with all the compounds which humans emit so in Europe there is a strong movement to ban sewage loss for example this is done in Switzerland already UK uses a lot but in Germany Austria it's banned in future they move out of this what you can do is you can paralyze it or temperature no oxygen to bring it as a biochar basically to the field that's one option recycled wastewater same wicked problem we just had a talk from Spain water shortage it's increasing not in Oregon maybe in some parts but that's a big problem so you need the recycled wastewater but then you need very intensive treatment which which is a problem for the cost the biggest problem might be next to road directly in the first 10 to 20 meters next to the road basically from the wind so there are a few techniques collecting these tire wear particles directly in this I don't know the term I would know it in German but not in English directly where the tire is inside this thing in the car where you can collect it and to try to first minimize abrasion of the tire that's possible greener editors and then minimum emission from the tires that that's really key I have one last question I'm just curious if you notice any policymakers that are interested or moving forward on trying to do something related to tire pool based pollution and and if there's a difference between us and Europe this is happening heavily and interestingly it is getting at the same speed while I would say us was 10 years ahead of PFAS and 10 years slow in plastics for tire wear both like us and Europe is moving at the same speed so I know from because we're in contact with regulators from EPA in California it's going exactly at the same speed like regulation here in Europe in the next European norm for cars seven tires will be included and chemicals will be included soon so yes it's moving forward people are aware of this this compound should not be there thank you very much do we have any other questions either in the room or online can I ask just a basic question first of all are these compounds you're talking about the most microplastics sometimes also as additives so are these are these all actual they actually types of plastic or they are the chemicals what what exactly are we talking about here very in very principle like every plastic it's formed out of a monomer then you have a polymoral copolymer but that's not plastic that's the polymer to make out of a polymer a plastic you add additives there's no such thing like plastic without additives spinning anti uv anti oxidants whatsoever vulcanization additives and tires so whatever your plastic you have in your hand or whatsoever you have additives inside we're talking of the chemicals which make basically out of the polymer the product you have of the versatility so I would pitch here that chemical pollution stemming from all plastics not only tires but also PVC and whatsoever is maybe even the bigger problem than just mechanically having the plastic there so all plastics contain additives and this has nothing to do with size so it's of micro or micro or nano just from the nano it leaches out faster than from the macro and then I can also ask how big a problem is this in terms of how much of this is in our food is anyone actually testing for it do we have any idea of sort of quantities or types or anything like that um we tested this inside from Spain Italy um Austria um Switzerland and Israel and the concentrations have been very low for the few additives we tested so concerning food I would say too early to say there's no risk or high risk but food at the moment this might change in the next five years it's not my highest concern inhalation is different because if you're living next to a road or we just debated here before because we are both climbers or bordling if you go to a climbing mall for example then you evade the soles of your climbing shoes and inside a climbing hole basically the concentration in air of plastics is quite high and you inhale this so that's what we are testing right now in a current project how much basically these additives influence your gut and your lung microbiome what are the impacts of the humans so what would it take to establish an effect I mean you know the these low concentrations here that sounds like maybe we shouldn't be worried I mean what what point to say this is a serious problem or not I would say if I have a compound and I'm just going back one row to Oregon if I have a compound which kills after rain events salmon in a river for me the debate is over you need to regulate this it is toxic to fish and this was just the start and then we don't understand the mechanism so we have seen that for one species of trout it's not toxic but the next species it is toxic so people are working now what is the exact mechanism why is it so different from the talk from species to species if I would say we have seen this for let's say maybe 10 species at the moment that is really highly toxic for the environment I would say that that's enough stop it you're just there to say it is a major problem I just I'm curious knowing that the plastic treaty negotiations are underway and this seems like a huge percentage of the plastics that we need to be concerned about is it is a discussion specifically on tires happening with the plastics treaty do you are you aware of that near 5.2 there's a specific discussion about this and at the last step also which I'm very happy about chemicals came into a near 5.2 which is really important I'm sorry just about the uh how much how much more serious this problem is becoming I have you got any sort of figures for how much the levels of these is increasing over time if we're using more biosolids if wastewater has been recycled how much more of a problem has this become in yeah unfortunately I have to say the data I have seen is terribly bad so we have seen first reports from crack me two years ago in California that 80% of the plastics in air 80% is tire wear we have seen from data University of Vienna that um tire particles can be transported over hundreds of kilometers in the atmosphere but sampling is not easy detection is not easy and I would say we we honestly don't have the data for this at the moment but just to be clear you think the problem is getting worse it is yes with the basically more cars being produced and more tires being abraded it is very simple you can do this and back on the envelope calculation you know how much cars and lorries are out there this is an increasing number as I said immobility is changing zero here you still have tires on the road so the problem is increasing and it's accumulating and so you're just a reminder for anybody online feel free to raise your hand if you want to ask a question or drop it into the chat and any last questions in the room no just checking okay so thank you very much to all of our panelists today for joining us in this press conference this is the second of seven press conferences that we have this week the next one is taking place tomorrow morning at 10 a.m which is pc3 unveiling Antarctica's secrets new research brings us one step closer to predicting the future of the icy continent so please feel free to join us either here in the room or online for that 10 o'clock in the morning tomorrow all that remains to say is if you wish to have any additional conversation with any of our three speakers they will be available immediately after the press conference for additional conversation and if you need any help or assistance with other media materials during the course of the General Assembly please visit media.egu.eu for additional resources and support and lastly I would like you to join me in thanking our three speakers today for the excellent presentations thank you very much