Oh, time to start? OK. Hi, everybody. Hi, Tom. How's everyone doing today? So my name is Nolan Dye by working the Containers Group of Red Hat, and I'm here today to talk to you about how we build container images. Or more specifically, ways that you could build a container image that you probably shouldn't, but we're going to do it anyway as a learning exercise. And then I'm going to list some reasons why we shouldn't do it that way. And then we're going to look at some other ways to do it that are way better. So let me back up in a second and recap. For those of us who've been here, we've been talking about container runtimes. People who saw Scott McCarty's talk or Dan Walsh's talk or Sally Narash's talk earlier today. Lots of talking about container runtimes and engines and a little bit on orchestration. I missed some of those talks, but we have been talking about it here today. One of the things that we didn't go in depth so much on is what goes into an image. And the image is what you use as a template for launching a container. It starts, well, it is the initial state of the root file system. It's some additional information about how to run this stuff that you have inside of that file system. And it's a useful exercise to know how it works. The purpose of this particular talk is to demystify the build process. And we're going to do it by actually walking through it all directly. And by the end of the day, well, actually within the next half hour or so, you're probably going to walk out of here thinking, well, I know how to build that. And you might just go ahead and do it anyway. And I'm not going to stop you. So for an example case, we are going to use, well, probably find inside of a tree. And we're going to start with that. We're going to build a container image out of that. We're going to run it. Then we're going to refine that a little bit. And, well, over three or four steps, we're going to refine it into something more full-featured and fully fleshed out that looks more like you would expect a container image that actually does things to do. It's going to start with a simple case. I'm going to work my way up. So what are you going to apply when you're building a container image? Three things, really. You need to supply the root file system. The things that the process is running inside of the container are going to see. You need to supply a configuration that tells the container engine how to run it, things like the environment variables set, the actual command to invoke when you want to start the container. And the third thing is the manifest. That's a detail of the image format and how things are moved around. But I'm going to go through them in that particular order because, well, each one of them successfully contains information about the one that you've created before that. So let's start with, oops, I forgot about this one. One thing I'm not going to do is actually do the work of pushing the image to a registry myself because we already have scopio for that, and it's a great tool. So the output of our particular build process will just be some files in the local disk that we're going to transfer over to the registry. It actually does quite a few other things for us. But that's what I'm going to be using it for here. So let's get to it. Let's create a layer. This is going to take a little while. So I'm going to use a directory named root. Oops. That's a subsequent version. OK. Let's make a directory named root. We're going to call that our root file system. Create a directory inside of it named bin. Just not really required, but let's do that. And I want to run find inside of my container. So I'll just grab a copy of find that I have and have on my system already, copy it in there. And let's see if we can run it under trute. That's not going to work. All right. My copy of find, there we go, is a dynamically linked object. So we need the runtime linker to be present in the truited environment in order to run it. So what was the name of the file that we needed? There it is. We need to make the directory first. Now let's try running it again. Right. It needs shared libraries. Well, which shared library does it need? Bin, find. It needs several shared libraries. And at this point, I'm going to give up on this particular exercise because that's starting to look like a lot of work. So let's find a statically linked binary to use instead. Let's search user bin for static linked binaries. One of those are particularly good examples for telling me what's going on inside of a container. Let's check user sbin. Oh, busybox. Of course it was going to be busybox. Those of you who predicted it was going to be busybox, pack yourselves on the back. So start over again. Now the fact that I'm using a directory named bin to hold it, that's merely personal preference and isn't really strictly required. OK, we could run that inside of a chrude. So now let's turn it into a file system layer. File system layers are extracted relative to the current directory. So let's just create one. Tars, edf dot dot, layer dot tar, current directory. Now we have a layer. So the next thing we need to do is create a configuration. This is an example configuration. Oh, oops. Hopefully it shows up well. I'm actually emitting some of the fields that can be left empty by default just so that it will fit on the screen here. I'm actually going to edit a proper one in a minute. So as you can see, there is some booking information. They created a field that doesn't really tend to get used by anything. Information about what architecture and OS you need in order to run the container, because again, it's not a fully virtualized environment. So it isn't a full kernel. Then the basic stuff you would expect, environment variables, the username, and ID, well, the user ID to run the command as and which command to actually run. And the history is part of how we build it. The history identity is, well, the RIDFS and the history match the set of layers that we're using. And since, for our example, we're only using one file system layer, each of these things, which can be an array, is really just one thing. So let's go to the command line. I actually already created a template which contains most of the stuff in empty form. So just edit that really quickly. Layers represented in the configuration file are identified using the SHA of some of the layer contents. So we need this information. OK, and this goes here. I already filled in a history entry, because, well, why not? I can leave this alone. I added a volume. We don't actually need a volume, so we'll just delete that. This is the command we're going to use. It's a little bit more elaborate than just busybox. Fine, because I wanted to show us all the information about the files that we're finding. This, well, we're not going to use that. We don't need that. OK. Now we need to, now we have a working config. We just have to take my word on it until we actually try for real. And like it says, it's not like filling out a survey. The next thing we need is a manifest. The manifest needs to list both the configuration and every layer blob, again, using their digest. And this time it also needs to include their sizes. This is actually a very simple one, which we'll work quite correctly for our image, except for the fact that these values are all made up. And the SHA sums are truncated, and the sizes are completely wrong. So let's create one of our own. This actually all fits on the screen once, so let's do that. Let's grab the configuration. It's 1071 bytes, and this is the digest. Paste the digest. That's that. We again need the SHA sum of our layer, which goes here. This is the type of data that it is, and this just says that it's not a compressed tar ball, because we can do compression. That just makes things a little bit more complicated for us. OK, I just need this again. I probably could have remembered that. Probably not. Wait, it's the size I needed. There we go. I'll paste that here. That's everything I needed in order to copy that up to a registry. So one of the things we're going to do is we're going to tell a scopio to copy it. We're going to use the current directory as a source. And one of the things that scopio does when you're using a current directory is it assumes that everything except the manifest is named using the SHA sum of its contents. So I need to create a couple of symbolic things so that scopio will be able to find things. Now, let's see, scopio copy. What should I name this image? Anyone? What? OK. Busy box. But I might already have an image named busybox in my registry. You wouldn't know. So let's go in it in, which is my brother's name. I forgot who I didn't see who suggested that, but let's go with that, because I know I didn't do that. Anyway, I'm running a registry on my local machine. Slash library slash. Right, scopio does not like the fact that I didn't bother setting up SSL. Right, let's destination TLS verify equals false. OK, got copied it up to my registry. Now let's do it this way, because we're familiar with this. Dan, I'm pretty sure you're giving me stinker eye right now, but let's not go there. Now add a tag. Do I need to add a tag? This was working yesterday. This is very annoying. OK, forget the registry. We'll just copy it directly into the daemon. Destination looks like this. OK, so let's run that. Right, I made a mistake here, and because my root file system doesn't contain an Etsy password file, the fact that I specified the username to run everything with a name meant that it couldn't be resolved to an ID. So let's change that. We need to update these things in the manifest. And 65 is the new size. Everything else is still correct. Oh, right, I didn't create this symbolic link from the new digest to the name. Success, I'm now running a copy of busybox in a container image that I just built without much in the way of tooling. Oh, I see. There's a problem here in that this file should be owned by root, but it belongs to me because the copy that I used belongs to me. So I'll digress for a second. Those of you who saw Sally and Rashi's talk earlier today, they discussed user namespaces, and that's how I'm going to get around this one, actually. Yeah. Oh, no, I own the files. That's where I'm supposed to be. OK, so the problem we ran into is that when you tarp something as yourself, you own the files, usually. Well, it's usually content that you own. And I want the contents of the layer to look like they belong to root. Now, one of the things you can do with Unshare, which is a useful piece of container technology, is you can create a username space. It's essentially launching a new process inside of a new process tree. And for everything inside of that process tree, there's a set of UIDs specified in this configuration that map there are ranges of UIDs and GIDs inside the namespace that map to different ranges of UIDs and GIDs outside of the namespace. One of the cool things about username spaces is that you don't need much in the way of privileges to create a new one. An unprivileged user can create a new username space and then map their own UID to UID 0 inside of the namespace. They'll still have limited privileges on the system at large, but everything inside of it will think that that user is root. So we're going to do that. In fact, I'm going to do it the cheapest way possible. We need Unshare-UR. So let's take a look at what we've got here. Proxelf UID map actually shows us what's going on here. This shows us that UID 0 in the namespace is the beginning of a range that's being mapped to a range starting with my UID, 2510 outside of the namespace. But the range only has one thing in it, which is fine because we only have one file that we want to map. So if I look at my raw contents, it looks like it's owned by root. It's still actually owned by me, but the username space is causing everything inside the namespace to see things that belong to me as if they belong to root. Things that are not mapped because, again, I only mapped my own ID. Things look a little weird there. Unmapped values are mapped to specific magical values set as syscitals that are configured in the kernel at runtime. But we'll get to that in a minute. So I need to recreate my layer with the new contents. Now I need to update. This is going to take a while. So the digest of my layer is different now, which means the copy of the digest I keep in the config needs to be updated. And the copy that I keep in the manifest also needs to be updated. How big is the file? The file's the same size, OK? And then, right, but the digest of the configuration just changed. Live demos, everybody. I know you love them. OK. Oh, I forgot to name files. Am I in the right shell? Yeah. Oh, that's why I'm out of my free work. I forgot to exit my namespace. OK, there we go. Right, the blob is, I didn't create the symbolic links. To my updated layer, copy this, what I miss. This one that is missing is the layer, which is no longer than that. There we go. Did I name this thing? OK. Right. OK, now if I run it, ah, there we go. Everything in the image and the container that's based on it now appears to be owned by UID0. Fun, yes? Yes, you can see you're all laughing. OK, now one of the fun things about a user namespace is when I'm UID0, I don't have to settle for just copying one file at a time. I can go ahead and use the whole package manager. So let's lock them in later. So let's try and, yeah, use this as my shortcut cheat sheet. Actually, yeah, that'll be good enough. Oh, whatever, good. Oh, yes, least version. Yes, I'm using OGPG check. This is, again, a talk about bad ways to do things. So that's some more about that. Oh, Wi-Fi is going much better today than it was yesterday. You're right. So I'm installing a simple Python script that actually depends on the Python interpreter, which depends on libc. And wow, this is taking longer than I expected. I just got the 10 minute warning. So actually, we're doing fine. Tick, tick, tick, tick, tick. Come on. Right, OK. So this is where I need to fill time. Anybody here from Indiana? Anyone in the audience? No? OK, I've just been obsessed with that since this morning. One of these, the annoying thing about installing things into the charit is that we do need to pull down a fresh copy of metadata that gets stored in the charit environment. We're not going to bother cleaning that out, because I'm going to use a bit later, because I fully expect this to fail at some point. Now, I did have a slash bin directory, and that's probably going to break something. But that's not what I expect to break. Right, language max, got it? That's a fairly large piece of it. OK, that's an error. That's more errors. So many errors. Transaction failed. That's a problem. So I already know, but does anyone else know why the transaction failed? Well, that's one good reason. The other one is that, unlike the simple case, because the main problem is that when I created a namespace, the only UID and GID that I mapped that are known to the system, they are allowed to own new files that you create, R0. And not every file in the distribution is owned by root. So a lot of this is actually just that the user couldn't be given ownership of anything, in particular this one. Oh, yeah. So let's try that again. We can actually use Unshare to not. Well, we can tell Unshare not to map the things, and then we can use new UID map and new GID map, which is some tools that were introduced in the newer versions of Shadow Utils to go ahead and give us access to things that we didn't already have. Let me back up a second. Give me that look. OK. Normally, when you run Unshare as an unprivileged user, you're only allowed to map your ID. That way, you can't map somebody else's ID as an unprivileged user ID into the namespace that you're creating and start fooling around with their stuff. Because you are UID 0, you can start doing chone and start deleting things. That wouldn't be allowed, because it's generally unsafe. If you could map the root ID into your space, then all kinds of crazy stuff would happen, and that's also not allowed. Starting with Shadow Utils, I'm going to say 4.2. One of the things that happened by default when you logged in, when you created a user, I should say, with user ad, is that it allocates an entire range of previously unused UIDs into the Etsy sub-UID file. Actually, for every user that gets created, and I'm going to hear somewhere, yep, and there's one in sub-UID. The purpose of this is the idea that, well, the whole point of this is that this notionally sets aside a whole range of UIDs that are only going to be available for use by me, and that are authorized for use by me. So it also includes a set UID tool that I can use to set up a UID map in a user namespace that lets me map in at least things that are in this range. So we're going to change things around a little bit, and we're going to use Unshare again, but we're not going to tell it to initialize the UID map. There is nothing there. So we'll go to a different shell, and use new UID map and new GID map to set the mappings for my new shell. 22520, 22520. Start mapping my ID to root, okay, a range of one, then let's map starting at range one in the container to 2200544, and the whole thing, okay. Now this should be, aha, I've set up mappings. Now let's try, let's double check the new GID. Yep, same, so new GID map will set up that. Or that again, I really need to cut that down. Okay, that should be a little faster. So what I'm doing here is I'm doing the exact same thing I was doing earlier, installing an entire root file system to run one program. That's fine, but we're doing it inside of a namespace where the set of available and recognized GIDs runs all the way from zero to 65,537, because the first one's actually me, followed by an entire range. And that should be enough for us to create this image. So far, in practice, I haven't seen images that had contents in them owned by UIDs higher than about 1000, so you could actually cut this down significantly, or take that 65K range and slice it up into about 64 of them, and that would still work. And they could be completely unrelated sets. So hopefully this should go a little faster than the last run, if only because I'm scanning fewer repositories. And now this is not the most optimal way to install it, because there are ways to do smaller installations. I'm still installing recommended package dependencies. I'm still installing the all langpacks for G-Lib C. Those are things that you would want to not do. I'm also not gonna bother cleaning up the DNF metadata that I just downloaded about the Fedware repository. That's also gonna take up space in my image, but I don't care because it's local disk and local disk is free, sort of. That's just a warning, not an error. Keep going, come on, getting closer. All right, come on, come on. And the transaction succeeded. So let's create a new layer out of this, same as we did before. Before I forget to get out of that shell, I should really do that. Okay, so the diff ID for the new layer is this. And in fact, I'm gonna change the command I invoked because I just installed a new one. There we go. Probably let me update the small log links. Figuration is much smaller. That's about as big as the new layer. And the new layer is significantly bigger than it was. That's fine, it's not compressed. And also I didn't bother cleaning up a lot of space, so let's copy this. We'll be much slower to upload it, but that's fine. And let's run it. There we go. Run the command in a container, everything's fine. Now if you're thinking, it's pretty easy, yeah it is. I did purposely skip over some of the things that make this complicated though, and now I'm gonna go over some of what those are. First things first, while I was installing packages, PostScript's being run by RPM underneath the NF, those all executed as UID zero in the namespace. Now if you remember, I set up myself as UID zero in the namespace, so those commands, if they had broken out of the truth the DNF set up, would have free reign over the system as my UID. That's generally a bad idea for me because I like having my stuff not messed around with by other people. If I were building it as root, that would be an even bigger problem. Normally container build tools that you see out there in the world, well image build tools, will use a proper container. They'll do set comp filtering. They will set up control groups to limit the set of resources that can be consumed by this one process to avoid messing with the system. So that was sort of a bad idea what I just did back there, but it kind of worked. You also didn't have to deal with multiple image formats. While I was using the OCI format for configuration blobs and manifests, there are actually three different formats, two of which are very similar to each other. Each of them unfortunately includes information that the other ones don't. So if you need a specific field that is specific to a particular version, you need to be able to write that exact format of a file. Scopio, in addition to being awesome at copying things around, will also handle format conversions for you automatically. Also, if the registry requires that you compress layers, it'll do that for you too. It's pretty sweet. And oh yeah, way back in the beginning of the talk I said I wasn't gonna be creating file system layers and I didn't because that's a much harder problem to do from the command line. We're not gonna be able to build up root file systems or generate the differences between them in a way that we can do for layers. So what I've essentially done here is the equivalent of a squashed image and it's not gonna be able to do anything more complicated than that. So how do you overcome these limitations? Oh yeah, I forgot the repeatability. While a shell script is great for screwing around and messing around on your system and doing something ad hoc, it doesn't help you rebuild it again later unless you remember the exact sequence of steps you ran before. The big one there is that a shell script is very hard to document. The format that people tend to use for expressing how to build an image is Dockerfile. So it's still highly desirable to be able to support Dockerfile if you're gonna be creating one. And I'm gonna do it on time. Oh, 30 minutes more. Right, okay, so time for a speed run. So we use tools. So this is a rundown of tools that I was inspecting because, well, the pointer and container of network building. Sorry, a quick survey of tools that are out there that are known to me at least, there's probably a lot more that I don't know about for building images. Microsoft's Azure Cloud Platform includes a container registry which currently includes a building containers feature that's in preview status. It handles Dockerfiles, you can all read. Build is the one that I work on. I happen to like it. It also supports Dockerfiles. It currently runs an enclosed mode. Like a lot of other tools, you're going to use Run-C if you're going to have to handle run instructions in a Dockerfile. BuildKit is the newer bit that was spun out of Docker. It's actually pretty cool. It uses a lower level interpretation and it handles Dockerfiles. Well, one of its examples is a front end that uses Dockerfiles that reworks it into a lower level syntax that actually is run by BuildKit. DockerBuild is the OG builder. Everyone's pretty familiar with how it works. GoogleThouBuild is a fun set of tools. I wasn't actually able to get all this running on my local machine, but you can run it locally, which I think is a very positive thing. Jenny will put his IMG is a pretty cool project which handles a lot of this. It fills in the blanks in BuildKit and also handles Dockerfiles. Also runs on privileged. Conoco is a really interesting one that is built to run inside of a container. It makes certain assumptions because it is running inside of a container and it's hard to start a container inside of a container. So one of the things it does is it just uses the containers running and as you're working space. If you're doing from an image, it actually blows that into the container that it's running in. So it doesn't have to launch a container to run the command because it already expects to be running in a container. It just executes them directly, which is pretty cool. And these are some of the references I went through. Here's where you can find all of this stuff. Now, ooh, sorry about that. Didn't really time this well. Yeah, any questions? Yeah. Any comments or opinions disguised as questions? Okay, one last thing. I want you all to check under your seats and make sure you didn't drop anything. Okay. Thanks a lot, everyone. Thank you. Thank you. Just a couple of words before you guys leave. Tomorrow at 9.30, there's a keynote. Please plan to attend that. The keynote speaker is Chris Wright, who is the CTO of Renate. And if you haven't got the party tickets, I think there are some available for tonight's party. Drop, stop by the front, doesn't. Thank you. Oh, thanks.


Hey everybody, welcome back to the channel. Today we're gonna be covering two books that I think are worth your time. We got Box of Light and Dinosaurs Sanctuary. Let's do it. I got what I thought were going to be two standalone reads. Turns out they're volume ones, specifically Box of Light, which I did not expect. I thought it was a one and done manga so I am really excited to find out that there is a volume two solicited for early 2023 and I'm super excited to continue reading the adventures of this weird, eerie, creepy convenience store. This manga is drawn and written by Seiko Erisawa and you really don't need to know much. It essentially tells the story of a convenience store that is located in the boundary between life and death when a person is close to that realm, whether it be an accident or sickness or something like that, they are suddenly in this dark area, this abyss, if you will, and in it they see a dimly lit convenience store and subconsciously they're going to enter and they're going to make a purchase. After they leave, well, it depends on what happens in real life, I guess, whether they pass away or they stay and they come back to or they get revived in some cases. It's sort of a twilight zone-esque adventure. It's the daily occurrences of the employees here and the people that walk in and they're going to make what could be their last purchases or could not. There's really a sense of dread in this series because if you are thrown in this situation you don't really understand what's happening and you can't get a feel for the area around you all you're seeing is complete darkness except for this lit store. However, surrounding the building there are mysterious creatures called, I guess, darkness and one of them is exceptionally cute. You see it in the back of the book as well as the front takes the form of a cyclops looking cat and behaves like a cat even though it's sort of this abyss darkness monster. The employees there aren't necessarily human, they are posing as such for the people that are walking in except for one of the characters that through him we get to experience the process of going to that store and he is giving the option faced with a life and death situation. He is giving the option to work at the store or surrender succumb to his fate and pass away due to an accident and really that's about it when it comes to box of light. It's more about the atmosphere. It's more about the stories of the individuals that go into this convenience store. Some go for tragic reasons, others for just stuff that happens in life, you know? And it's the stories that make you reflect on life and our own mortality and all that stuff. The employees do get their time to shine with quick snippets where you start to understand a little bit about them but not too much. The owner or the manager I should say of the convenience store, there's more to that character and there are hints of something bigger there that hopefully will get explored in further volumes. I am looking forward to it. It's a really slice of life series filled with mystery vibes and it's more about the atmosphere like I mentioned before. Now the art for box of light is very Indian nature. I do like it. At the beginning I was a little bit iffy on it but as soon as I started reading it and getting to know the characters and the overall vibe and aesthetic and setting I fell in love with it and actually really like it but I do understand that it may not be for everybody or you might find it a little bit odd but just go with it cause it's intentional. That's part of the flow of the story. So I really enjoy box of light. If you're into that sort of thing, I do recommend it. It's a short read but just know that it does have volume one which surprised me. I thought it was a standalone like I said at the beginning of the video. I am surprised that we are getting a volume two and super excited to check it out. So next up is Dinosaur Sanctuary. Here we have volume one. This is written and drawn by Itaru Kinoshita with research consultant by Shinichi Fujiwara. Now I'm gonna go back to that in a second. Dinosaur Sanctuary is actually one of my most hyped releases of 2022. I love dinosaurs ever since I saw Jurassic Park in theaters back in the day and owning it on VHS. I've been a huge fan of dinos and studying everything and all that. So what the heck is Dinosaur Sanctuary about? The story tells us that in 1946 on a remote island, I assume in the Pacific, they discovered that several dinosaurs never went extinct. So humans do what we do best and exploit that and construct zoos and exhibits and theme parks and all that stuff. And we continue to breed and genetically enhance and genetically breed, I guess, different dinosaurs from a bygone era, the ones that did not survive the extinction events, I guess. And now we have theme parks associated with dinosaurs. Now we do get a mention of a certain tragic event that occurred that changed the perspective of dinosaurs in the public's eye. And in the present time, unfortunately, they have a falling out in popularity and people aren't as excited to check out the theme parks and all that stuff and generally don't care about the dinosaurs. I will say out of everything that I read in this book, that to me is the most unrealistic thing imaginable because if dinosaurs existed right now in present time, I would guarantee you nobody would get bored of that and everybody would see them 24-7. But enter the main character, Suma Suzume. She is the daughter of a famous scientist and she wants to be a zookeeper and help boost the popularity of the dinosaurs again. So she enters a kind of a dinghy past its prime rundown park and there she meets her new coworkers and bosses and all that stuff. She learns to take care of the dinosaurs and there is a bunch of science behind it which is brought to you by the research consultant, the research job that was done for this logo. Like I mentioned earlier by the professor, Shin Ichi Fujiwara provides valuable insight into making these dinosaurs as realistic as possible. I don't mind suspension of disbelief. I don't mind going the Jurassic Park route and making them look like that but if you're gonna go with a more realistic tone, this I think gets it and gets dinosaurs as accurately as possible. Some of the dinosaurs featured here are some of my favorites including the Dullophosaurus which happens to be my all-time favorite and I was so happy. I did not expect them to show up and just a great attention to detail to the anatomy behavior and just look of these creatures. If they existed in today's world, this is what they would look like. I'm 100% certain of it and the stories in here are just slice of life oriented. It's the character trying to do her best to get everybody to love dinosaurs again but just so happens to confront different problems that would actually happen in real life with regular zoos and after every chapter, there is a mini essay I guess from the professor that I mentioned at the start and I had a lot of fun reading those as well. It gives you some great insight into what he went through studying the different fossils and all that stuff as well as preparing for this manga and giving you commentary on the chapter that you just read. I really enjoyed that. Overall, just a really fun series with great art.  That's adorable, I love it but it gives you maybe a false sense of what the story could be. The art is super cool and it shines through. I love the character designs and the contrast between the manga looking characters with the realistic looking dinosaurs really meshes well and it immerses you in to the story. So definitely do check it out. I loved it. I think it's awesome. Volume two comes out, I think like five or six months from now. It sucks that I have to wait so long but this just came out last year so I get it. Super excited. Nonetheless, I can't wait for you guys to check it out. Out of the two, I honestly would recommend Dinosaur Sanctuary just because I love the whimsical adventure feel to it because it's a topic that we loved as kids and still love as adults if you're a dinosaur fan whereas Box of Light, it's more introspective, it's more about a serious topic and of course it's kind of spooky and vibe-ish compared to this that's a more wholesome experience for the whole family to enjoy. But nonetheless, two great books that I highly recommend. If you've read them before, let me know in the comment section down below what you thought and if you haven't, are you interested in picking any of these out? Let me know in the comment section. Thank you everybody for tuning in. God bless, stay safe out there. I will catch you guys on the next video whenever that may be. Stay safe. Bye.


What is up everybody, Jason here for JaspysCaseRace.com. We just sold out this R&B for the Angels, Mariners, Padres, Marlins, Blue Jays in 2024, Topscrone Black Pikachu number 8 guys and again we're giving away two free spots if it sells out, which it did. And again you guys know how it works guys, you get a piece of these teams via the serial number, we go by the first number on the left side of the serial number dash. As an example, if the card is 243 at 299, 3 is the first number before the dash that goes to spot 3. Remember any and all redemptions guys go to spot 0, even if it's a one-on-one and any non-numbered cards like autos and base will be randomized back to you guys. Remember the R&B is not gonna be part of the promo giveaway but it's the chances of getting some nice hits in here. Now the dice roll will be for the giveaway and for the list, 3 out of 3, 6 times. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and perfect. Split evenly for you guys. David and Zachary, one free spot each. I guess we could have talked that over before but it worked out just fine. 6 times down here guys. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 6 times. Zachary free spot down at David free spot. There's that. 6 times here. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 6 times 6. 5 down to 6. Alright Zachary with 5, David with 9. Zachary with 8, 0. David with 2, 7 and 1. Zachary with 4 and 3 and then David with 6. So again guys obviously like I said this is just the R&B randomizer in a separate video. We'll start the break. Appreciate it and good luck.


Hi everybody, how are you guys doing? This is not a fun video to do, but it has to be done. I know a lot of you have been following me and I have some amazing students, amazing clients who will be wondering, so I'm going to talk about it today. So I had announced not that long ago, maybe a week or two ago at the most that I was pregnant, sadly I'm not anymore. And the reason why I'm doing this video is because I think it needs to be talked about more to raise awareness. So that's what this video is going to be about. And then when I'm stronger, I can talk about it further and I'm happy to answer any questions anybody has. And this can be seen as a trigger as well, I should mention. So if the topic of miscarriage isn't something you want me to talk about, I suggest pausing this video now or I should say not listening to this video because that's what I'm going to talk about. So apparently it's very common. My OB was telling me one in four pregnant women have a miscarriage. It does get the statistics get more so as you age, I'm almost 40. So that is considered high risk. Apparently age 35 and older is considered high risk. It doesn't mean you're going to have a miscarriage. It doesn't mean there's going to be complications, but it's just you're at a higher risk. You know, I did not know this one in four is outstanding to me. I had no idea because nobody talks about it. I can understand why people don't talk about it because it's a touchy subject and it took me a week to even say the words. So and it doesn't always mean something's wrong either. My OB also told me the statistics, a lot of women have at least at least one miscarriage in their lifetime, which I didn't know this either. I thought miscarriages were, you know, there's something wrong, not necessarily that somebody wasn't doing the right things, but I thought of it as if you're smoking, drinking alcohol. Okay, you have a greater chance of having a miscarriage, but that's not the case at all. But my OB did tell me the baby wasn't healthy and it's better this way. Your body was telling you that it's not the right time. I actually consider myself a strong person, but I have not been during this time. All I felt like doing was laying in bed. And that's what I did. I was in bed all week or on the couch with my dogs sleeping. This video is more for people, not just if you're wondering, you know, why is Andrea no longer posting every two seconds about being pregnant? But it's for those of you who have had a miscarriage. I'm so sorry. But also for those of you who haven't had one, but may have one, it's, I don't know if normal is the word, but it's, it could happen, but it doesn't mean anything's wrong. It doesn't mean you did something wrong. But it also doesn't mean you're not going to have a perfectly healthy baby. I keep saying this, but, you know, I'm not a doctor. So I'm basically telling you what my doctor told me. Not what Mr. Google told me, but what my doctor told me. My doctor said so many people have had multiple miscarriages and now have three healthy babies afterwards, you know, three healthy children afterwards because I did. I had a lot of questions. Why did this happen? How did it happen? I've been eating the healthiest I ever have in my entire life. I wouldn't even drink pop, no sugar, although I did have a candy bar and I felt super guilty about it. And my OB said, you know, it's not you, but she also said it could be you, but one miscarriage doesn't mean that if you have another miscarriage, then we do extra tests to try to determine the problem. So that's the next part of this video is if you want to know or if you, not if you're curious, that's not the right word, but I wish I knew more about miscarriages before I had one. So that's what I want to talk about. What are the signs? What are the symptoms and what do you do next? So the signs symptoms are I was fine. This happened actually Sunday night. In fact, I had a CPR course that day or that night. Sorry, I was fine, but I was getting cramps, you know, kind of like period cramps. Like how it hurts, but nothing major. Again, this might be too much information for some of you. So I suggest not watching this video if you don't want to hear about my signs and symptoms. But I had light bleeding, which is normal. It's called implantation bleeding. My doctor did tell me about that the week prior, but unfortunately Sunday night, there was a lot of bleeding, um, a lot, um, and I was in pain. I had such bad cramps. I was literally like crippling over like this over the counter. I couldn't stand when, when I walked, I walked with a limp. I was in that much pain. I knew something was wrong, you know, I knew something was wrong. It was Sunday night. I'm not the type of person to, to go to a doctor even if I'm sick. Um, I just kind of waited out. I'm not the type of person to go to the hospital either because I don't want to sit there, wait for three hours and not be seen, wait for 12 hours. You know, I hear all kinds of horror stories. So it's Sunday night. What am I going to do? Right. Um, if it was say Monday afternoon, I would have called my doctor and said, this is what's happening. What do I do? But it was Sunday night. So I just kind of, I didn't automatically think right away. Something's wrong. I just thought, ooh, okay, I'm just one of those people. I'm in a lot of pain right now. I don't know why. Maybe I worked too hard today. I'm bleeding a lot, but you know, everybody's different, but it just kept happening, you know, the next day, bleeding more, um, you just kind of know or feel when something's wrong, you know. So I went to the doctors, I was so upset, so scared and they could tell because well, I couldn't stop crying and they basically ask you, what are your symptoms? You know, bleeding could be normal, but tell me how, how much it is. What is the color? You can look that up on Google too. And she basically said, it sounds like you're having a miscarriage. Um, I was quite early, meaning I was six weeks pregnant, maybe seven weeks. I didn't even have an ultrasound yet. So that wasn't even confirmed just by doing the math from the date of my last period. So if you are that early, usually from what my OB says, your body can get rid of everything on its own, but sometimes there's a medication they can give you that basically, and I might not be saying this properly or in the right way, but forces your uterus to expel everything quicker. And then if that doesn't work, there's a surgery you can do where they go in and clean out your uterus. Again, I might not be saying that properly, but I was very early. So she said, I don't think you need any of those things. You just have to go home, take it easy. Your body will take care of it on its own. But she did say, um, cause I did ask her like how long is this bleeding going to go on for? Like I'm afraid I'm losing too much blood. Sorry guys, but it's true. Um, I was very weak, dizzy. Um, but it could have just been emotions as well. She said it could last up to two weeks. Um, but usually it's going to last a week. If it's longer than that, give me a call, but it could last up to two weeks. And I thought, oh my God, you know, so you go through something like this, which is hard enough, and then you have physical pain. It was like nothing I had ever experienced. So the next step was to get a blood test. And what I just said, I don't like doctors, don't like hospitals. I don't even like getting my blood tested. I think I mentioned in one of my videos I need to lay down, but that does help. So I said to her, cause I do question doctors, I'm that patient. I said to her, why am I getting my blood test done? If it's pretty obvious what's happening, like why put myself through that? I just want to go home and curl up in a ball and not be seen in public right now. And she said, well, they need to monitor your levels. HCG, I might be saying that wrong too, but they need to monitor my levels. When you're pregnant, your HCG levels are higher. When you're not, it's lower and goes down or is non-existent. So she said, I would like you to take one blood test soon. So we have a baseline for those levels and then take another one in four or five days so we can make sure it's going down.  So I didn't get my blood tested just because I was so weak, so tired, the shock of everything. I couldn't even make an appointment with the doctor without crying. So how am I going to go in public? I just, I didn't want to embarrass myself as silly as that sounds because when you're crying, of course people are going to look at you like, oh my God, what's the matter with her? And that's basically what I felt like at the doctor's office, you know, which I don't blame people, but they're kind of like, and the nurse rushed me into a room right away, probably so I don't upset other clients. I don't blame her, but anyway. So I haven't had my blood tested yet, but what I've decided to do is I'm going to wait another week. If my bleeding doesn't stop, then I'll get my blood tested just to be sure. Everything's okay because then she did say, if you don't get your blood tested, well, that's fine, but then we're never going to know if you've had the full miscarriage, I guess what can happen sometimes. And again, this is an informative video. I wish I knew this before I had mine. So this is for those of you who want to be informed. She said, if those levels don't go down, then you might need to take another blood test a week later just to see maybe it's taking it your body longer for those levels to go down. But if they don't go down, then we might need to have an ultrasound to see why we might need to clean out your uterus for you if those levels don't go down. And or you could have a false positive pregnancy test in the future, which is not fun for anybody, you know, don't want to get excited and then realize you're not pregnant, but then you also don't not want to know you're pregnant if you are. So that I get. So I think what I'm going to do, you guys, is I'm not going to take the blood test. I still don't even feel like going out in public. It's hard to explain, but I feel like everybody knows and I don't want to talk about it, so I don't want people to ask me about it. But of course, people don't know because I haven't told them. But I'm OK to stay in my little bubble for now. But what I think I'm going to do, you guys, is I'm going to wait another week until I get stronger. And then I will probably get those blood tests just to confirm. I do think that will make me feel better that I've expelled everything I'm supposed to because Adrian and I would like to keep trying to have a baby. And what I don't want to happen is for my HCG levels to never go down. And then I think I'm pregnant when I'm not or, you know, I don't know. I don't know you guys. So in this case, I guess I will listen to the doctor and do that. But what I don't want to do is get a blood test now. It's going to be so hard for me. I am so weak, you guys, like do I look whiter to you? I feel so weak. TMI, I've lost so much blood. I didn't even know I had that in me. Like it's crazy. So I can't imagine going, getting my blood tested in this weakened state as it is, and they're taking more blood. And then if those HCG levels don't go down, I have to go back again a couple of weeks later. So I think I just prefer to wait a week or two, maybe a week. And then I'll kind of make that decision and get that blood test to confirm everything. So yeah, that's what I think I'm going to do. So I hope this video helps if not to just inform people. Apparently miscarriages are very normal. Again, I don't know if normal is the right word, but it happens to a lot of people. Doesn't mean anything's wrong, but it could mean something's wrong. My OB told me usually if you're miscarriage, if a miscarriage happens again, it could be a genetic issue. I don't know of anything in my family per se. My sister had a very healthy baby boy in June. So yay, that's a good sign, right? But I'm also 10 years older than my sister. So we shall see. I had all these videos prepared. On my pregnancy. I took those off of my scheduled videos to publish. Those are no longer there, but I hope it happens again. Not the miscarriage, obviously, but a pregnancy. I wouldn't have done anything different. You know, I see why people don't tell people they're pregnant until three months afterwards, because apparently the chances of having a miscarriage does go down after three months, but it still does happen. I see why people don't say they're pregnant. But you know what, Adrienne and I were so excited. I would not do anything differently. In fact, if I get pregnant again, I'm going to tell you guys again. I'm going to tell family, everybody again. I'm going to be so excited, but also scared. Oh, my God, I did not think this could happen. I've been through so much this year. My brother passed away in June, July. Oh, my God, July and now this, it's not fair. Anyway, boo-hoo to me. If anybody has any questions, I am very happy to answer them because I do believe this needs to be talked about. How it happens in one in four females.  I did not know this, and I feel that would have not helped me through this process, but it would have, I would have known what to expect. I wouldn't have felt so alone. Does that make sense? This is a very lonely feeling. My family lives in Ontario. And of course, it's not an easy flight to come to Winnipeg. It's two flights. They usually get canceled. In the summer, they do offer direct flights, but not now. So it's been tough. I don't think I've ever felt so alone. But, you know, nobody can say the right thing. It's nobody's fault, but you just feel like you're internalizing everything. Does that make sense? It's really hard, you guys. It's really hard. I took a week off. That's a nice thing with working for myself as I can do that. I canceled all of my live classes, my live tutoring classes for the week. Thank you to all those amazing students who have been patient with me. By the time you're watching this video, I haven't told anybody yet. Just immediate family. So I didn't post anything online. I did not tell my students I'm going to post something after this video gets published. But I took the full week off. I needed it. I feel better in the sense that I feel stronger. You know, time really does heal. I'm glad I didn't push myself. I took those days to literally sleep in bed. All I did was lay in bed. I was in immense pain, you know, cramping pain where I couldn't do anything. Advil and Tylenol together really does help. I'm not a doctor, so please don't go take Advil and Tylenol if you're in extreme pain for anything. Please talk to your doctor, but I don't like taking medication either. Pain killers, no way, but I needed something. I was in so much pain, so I'm glad I allowed myself to do that. My body allowed myself to heal. It's taking my body longer to heal, for sure. My OB said it can take anywhere from a couple of days to a couple of weeks. I think it's going to take a couple of weeks. I'm still in pain, but not the same type of pain as I was. So I'm glad I took the week off. Oh my goodness, this is an almost 20-minute video. Sorry, guys. But thank you guys for listening. I hope I'm going to have some good news eventually for you guys. We are going to keep trying. We are both very sad, very disappointed and shocked that it happened. You never think bad things are going to happen to you, right? You just don't, but they do. Bad things happen to good people, don't they? But yeah, it's tough. Thank you guys for listening, and I'll definitely talk to you guys soon. I have some scheduled videos coming of dental-related stuff, tutoring stuff, so no more sad videos for me, but I wanted to get this out there just to raise awareness and to talk about it and email me anytime if anybody needs somebody to talk to. If you've suffered through the same thing, no, you're not alone. I understand why people don't talk about it. I do, but I feel like it has to be talked about more. And just so you guys know, I'm healthy. There's no issues. I was eating healthy, doing whatever I could. I'm not on medications, so bad things can just happen, you know? But I don't want to say I believe everything happens for a reason, but I kind of do, but I also feel it's not fair. Anyway, thank you guys for listening. No more sad videos, I promise. And I'll talk to you guys very soon, okay? Bye for now.


Hello my friends, it's time to start off 2021 with some serious do goodery, but I need your help. Let's get kids on bikes. I want to start off with a quick story about how I got my first mountain bike and consequently fell in love with cycling. I was about 10 years old and participating in a local running race. It was a charity race raising money for cancer research and I went door to door asking for donations from my neighbors. Turns out I raised the most money and after the race I was awarded a brand new Cherry Red Diamondback Sorrento. It was without a doubt the most exciting moment of my life up until that point. I had never owned anything so nice. I rode that bike everywhere up and down my street a million times and even ventured out to some of the nearby trails. It was this bike and those tiny adventures that inspired a love of riding bikes. Now I want you to take a moment and think back to your very first bike. No seriously close your eyes and envision the moment you took off on your bike and how exciting that was.  Most importantly our bikes gave us the ability to explore our worlds like never before. I owe so much to that first bike and I want to be able to share that experience with as many kids as possible. So here we go. We're going to raise a ton of money but we can only be successful with your help. Yes you. So what's the prize? Drum roll. We're raffling off a brand spanking new Priority 600X with Pinion Gates Ren and my signature Get Out There logo. Can you believe it? This is the epic adventure machine that I helped create with my friends at Priority and it is so sweet and it could be yours. Before I get into the details about how to win this bike I want to give you a little back story as to how this idea came to be. I called Dave at Priority a month ago and asked if he'd be willing to donate a new 600X. I was a little unsure of what he'd say because this bike is in huge demand and has a price tag of $3,500 but being the awesome guy that he is he didn't even hesitate. Of course we want to be part of this he said. So now that we had the prize I needed to find an organization to raise money for and I didn't have to go far. You all know that super awesome kind loving and adventurous woman Dana right? Well nine years ago she created a foundation in honor of her late brother that is all about giving money to non-profits that get kids on bikes. Perfect! So instead of hearing me talk about how great Dana's foundation is we should bring Dana in. What do you think? Dana! Hey look it's Dana she just happened to be downstairs. What's up Dana? Hi Ryan. I'm going to let you have the audience. There you go. Great. I need the audience. You do it. I do. You know 2020 folks was rough as we know and you know there's been a lot of loss. Loss of life, loss of business, loss of everything but this is what we want to do. We were not able to have our fundraiser and I have a foundation for my brother that's what this is all going to be about but it was rough you know the restaurants are the ones that raise the money and in April that usually happens we were closed. So we didn't get to raise the money. There are a lot of groups that we give money to as a foundation and they're small, they're little and they need our money. So well first let me tell you a little about the foundation. It's called the KRD. My brother's name was Kirk and I called him Rocky. My brother and I had a really special bond.  When he passed away I was broken hearted. I still get chills today but you know what? A broken heart only means there is a lot of love and I had to find something to do with all that love. So this is what we're doing. I decided to focus on the things that he was really passionate about and it was really being outside, getting kids outside and enjoying nature. That makes us all so much better people. So we have been able to raise money every year. This is the ninth year of the KRD foundation. We generally try to raise about $20,000. That's small. That's small in the land of nonprofits but when you can give $1,000 to a group that keeps them in business, that keeps them there. So I'd like to tell you about some of the organizations that we generally fund. One is community cycles of Boulder. They have a kids holiday bike giveaway. They've given away thousands of bikes and helmets and locks to kids. It changes their life. We also donate to assisted cycling. This helps kids with mental or physical challenges be able to go on trips, family day trips together like sometimes that's so hard. We also have supported these three groups are very similar trips for kids, Boys and Girls Club of Pueblo, that's where my brother was, and also Blackfeet Nation in Montana. We have been able to raise money to get bikes to them to start programs where they have bikes that kids can actually ride. But more important is to maintain those bikes. We all know that sometimes when you get a flat tire or your chain comes off and all of a sudden if you don't have the resources or the skills, that bike is just leaning against the shed. So we really focus on maintaining those bikes so that we can keep kids out there and keep it happening. I've heard about a new group, the Navajo guide. They're looking at launching a bike packing program and from bike packing I know how much that can change your life. And so bottom line is we want to get kids out there outside and put them on bikes, put them out in nature, put them with their friends, put them with their families and change their life. Because we want to make the world a way better place. Yay! Okay, do you know what time it is? It's raffle time. Oh, raffle, raffle, you're gonna win a bike. It's pretty simple. The more raffle tickets you buy, the greater chance you have of winning. The smallest amount is 10 bucks or 10 tickets. Not bad, right? And this is big. You can up your chances of winning by sharing the fundraiser page. Bam! Oh, and you're from Australia like my friend Drew or Sven in Germany or Kalle in Sweden or Javier in Honduras. That's all good. You can participate too. Dave will ship the bike anywhere in the world. You just have to pay the import taxes and fees. If it's a U.S. winner, the shipping will be free. The winner also gets to choose the size of the frame, small, medium, or large. And I will link below in the description all the details about the fundraiser and how to donate. All right, I'm really excited about this. And I know that we can raise a lot of money. And this might sound crazy, but I'm setting the goal at $30,000. That's a hefty number. But I know we can do it. But again, I need you to share, share, share like you never shared before. Let's start off 2021 with some magic and make this super successful. This campaign will run until January 30th. And the winner of the Priority 600X will be announced on January 31st. Now, who wants to win a rad bike? You do. Thank you.


Yo, what's up, YouTube? Today, we are inside... Sorry. Oh my god, I was like, ghost or something, man. As you can see, we are inside a behind-the-house. I don't know how the heck we got here. We just, like, spawned in here, like, video game type of thing. That's weird. It's crazy, man. Wait, what? What the heck was that? What was that, bro? I'm like, you farted, bro. I don't know, man. I did have something to talk about yesterday. Alright, but, um, yeah, we're super excited for this. Wait, what's that? Did you hear that? Wait, what? WAAAAAAHH!!! Wow, can you guys believe it? Part 16! Yeah! I don't believe it. Alright, you guys. We'll finally, Lysaroff dropped some fire for us. He only dropped, like, three videos or four. Oh, you good? Yeah, it's because you look so short right there. I was like, what the heck? I thought you fell. Oh man, alright. Today we are on Lysaroff. He finally made some videos. He only dropped, like, three or four, sadly. But yeah, let's get it, man. You ready? Yes, go. Alright.   Oh, you know stuff like that is in the ocean, right? Huh? Deep in the ocean.  What's his name? I don't think he has a name Yeah, somebody told us his name. I forgot though. Oh, he's cute.  I want to see it again. Come here little kitty kitty.  Oh, it looks pretty cool. Oh That was cool, I want to pet him. No, thank you. Yeah, I feel scarier because it's like really loud Before and after and I wish I could like have the patience to do this. Yeah, it's a lot of work. I Barely have the patience to edit it you All right, I see you like that. Yeah, I see this one that is it for lights or I'll shout to lights I'll make more content man. We love your videos make more All right, and now we will on to shortest black busters. All right, let's see what he got for us You need a hand. There's a hand.  Heck no man, but I kind of hold hands of me. He's gonna hold my whole body in his hand. Oh He's back and again. It's a handful. It's a handful Well, he's got someone you already got him bro. Let me get those kicks before you kill him. Oh, did you say kicks? He's like no mine This is so strange like how did it come over the eyeball on the wrist? Oh The howl monsters the first feast are we the feast?   I just went out with him last night. We went clubbing bro. Sorry didn't invite you man It just hit me up last minute, you know We were doing that all night in the club. It was like baby All right. Well, that is it for shortest blockbusters and we are in our next newest favorite page This is our probably our latest page. We found right? Yeah, the newest page we found and And shout out to Lua Luma way man. All right, let's go follow him because you don't get that many views But he needs the views guys Like the frog mashup What's a burger bro? With well river frog man. This is like we're watching an ad It is that look Would you buy that? Heck nah, dude But with the sprinkles and it's kind of good.  Oh Oh Okay, that just turned dark. That was really that was very unnecessary Love the babies man.  I'm so lazy that I wish I could do that, bro That would be dope adventure time.  You saw that player die. Yeah, so that's a fire thumbnail right there Oh, that's a money shot right there What look there's a lot of humans right there humans What just happened It's like an alien eating humans or something. I was like I had a loss for words Guys man his mind is elsewhere. Is that Tinkerbell?  Oh, oh, I think he's keen everything right there. Yeah Yeah Is that a parakeet? It looks like no it looks like what do it hummingbird the beak? Oh, yeah What? Well, that's how they make the McDonald's meat. Yeah, I didn't know What is going on man.  Oh my god, bro. He lost his vocal chords. Oh The leader vocal chords guys. Oh my god Oh My Last for words here. Oh What is that? That looks cool. Yeah, that must take so much time. It looks pretty cool No roach warrior Like the skeleton of a rat on top of a roach. Oh, we saw this one. Oh, yeah, that's like three days ago We're still watching man. We watched it just to watch it Wait, did we see this one the baby the baby yellow the baby in yellow So why is it scratching his butt go take a shower you nasty baby. Oh Hey Elvis Elvis dot exe Hey All right. Oh That's pretty cool a banana peeling a human out of the skin pajamas. Oh, no, they don't have How ironic is this man human skin? It's so ironic, bro Oh, man, so there's no as we seen the roles have reversed with the humans and the bananas in this world this dimension Because encourage is a video where there actually is a dimension of bananas. Yes, and then there's like a phony.  That is the ugliest fairy. I've seen them my entire life The beautiful fairy forgot her boots Metal grogu man. He would do that too. He would because they remember that would actually beat him in like that They smack him a couple times That was messed up bad Oh That is one strange alien. I think he fell in love Lady for the uglier one I feel like girls always say that that guys always leave them for the uglier one when they Think Pokemon IRL bro, I don't know Oh my gosh Armander you okay Pikachu? Another freak is Pokemon. I see you man. Oh Woody Okay, so it seems like he would start off with drawings first and then he started with the animation after Cool. Oh, yeah, so these are all the images he used to make back in the day. That's pretty cool Yeah, he started with doing scary pictures and then he transitioned to a little short clips. Oh You see he always reverses the role Instead of whack-a-mole. It's whack-a-human. Oh my god. This guy's a genius A goomba All right, cool. Oh my god, that is epic. All right you guys well That is it because we want to save the rest of the videos for part 17 coming soon By the way, most likely Friday you'll see part 17 Drop a comment let us know who your favorite For your favorite pages that we react to or who what your favorite video was or what even where your favorite character that you've seen On the video let us know in the comments No, man I'll write you guys anything you want to say before we hit up subscribe to every single channel that we got We've got three of them all in the description below and go come and subscribe Viking and notification bell. Hey, what else is there? Don't don't pressure them cuz then they won't do it Do it right now. Oh Hey


Greetings and welcome to the Introduction to Astronomy. In this lecture we are going to go through and start talking about the Earth and most specifically the interior structure of the Earth, so what the Earth is like inside. Now that is something that we cannot see directly. We cannot drill down to the center of the Earth to learn what the interior is like. So we have to use some indirect methods to be able to figure out what is really going on inside the Earth. And we can then use that information to be able to help us better understand the interiors of other planets by making some comparisons. So let's start off by looking at some basic properties of the Earth and those are, we have some basic sizes here. The diameter is 12,756 kilometers. That would be the distance from one edge of the Earth to the other straight across that. The diameter of that would be 12,000 kilometers. The mass of the Earth is about 6 times 10 to the 24th kilograms and that is how much material there is and that's one of those kinds of numbers that is really beyond our direct comprehension. So when we want to compare other objects to how massive they are compared to the Earth, we consider this number to be one Earth mass. And what we might do is then say that another planet has half the mass of the Earth or has two times the mass of the Earth and those are the numbers that we can comprehend. Ones and twos were very good with. Things that are here, this would be 6 times 10 to the 24th would be a 6 followed by 24 zeros. That amount of material is just simply beyond our comprehension. So we compare them relative Earth masses. And the density of the Earth is about 5.5 grams per cubic centimeter. That means that the Earth is made up of a mixture of rock and metal. So looking at the density we can learn something about the interiors and we can use that to compare other objects as well. The rotational period of the Earth, 23 hours and 56 minutes, how long it takes the Earth to spin once on its axis and that is very much related to our day of 24 hours. But do recall that that also requires that the Earth is moving around the sun and the little bit that the Earth moves to get the sun back in position for our day takes that extra four minutes that gives us our 24 hour day. And the escape velocity, 11.2 kilometers per second, how fast you need to be going to be able to launch something off the surface of the Earth. So it would not, if you travel any slower than that, you would not be able to leave the Earth's surface. It would not have enough velocity to be able to get away in an object with less velocity than that would go up and turn around and come back by the Earth's gravity. If you had enough velocity then you'd be able to launch a spacecraft, for example, off into space if you're able to get it going at greater than the escape velocity. Now let's look at some of the unique properties that the Earth has as well. The Earth is unique in many ways, it has several different things, including the only planet with liquid water on its surface. Now Mars has had liquid water in the past, so there is evidence that other objects have had liquid water on them, but Mars has no current liquid water and if any that it does is really not water in the sense that we are used to. But we do see evidence that Mars had liquid water in the past. We also know that some objects in the outer solar system, some of the moons like Europa, have a liquid water ice, liquid or other icy surface, and do have liquid water down below the surface. So we do know that liquid water is present in the solar system, but only one object has liquid water on its surface right now and that is our Earth. It's also the only object with oxygen in its atmosphere. We have other planets with atmospheres, none of them have oxygen at all. So no oxygen on Venus, no oxygen on any of the large moons, like Titan that have an atmosphere or even in the atmospheres of the giant planets. So that is one thing that is unique to Earth, and it's the only planet known to have life. Maybe life existed on Mars in the past, maybe there's some kind of simple life today. Maybe life existed on Europa in the past or exists there now, but the only place that we know of right now that has life is the Earth. So that is the only place right now that we know of that supports life. Now let's get to our subject for today, which is really looking at the interior of the Earth. So what do we know of the interior? Well we divide it into four layers, and the first is the crust of the Earth. That is the outer very thin layer right here, and that's it. That is the area that we have explored. So we can look at the crust, those are the very lightest materials that have floated to the top when the Earth was molten. So these are the lowest density rocks, and we also get things like waters and ices and the atmosphere that are up above that, that are lower density objects. Everything down below it will be a higher density. So when we go down a little bit further, the next area we get is the mantle. The mantle is this region here, and that contains some molten or semi-molten rocky materials. So it's still rocky, and these materials are a little bit denser than those on the crust. So a little bit denser materials in the mantle that would have separated down, and they're kind of in almost a plastic-y state that they can move very, that they can actually still move and deform very easily compared to rocks that we are used to. Now when we get down a little further, we get down to the core, and the core is divided into two parts. There is a liquid outer core here that has molten iron and nickel, so it's almost solid metal. When you get down here, this is a solid chunk of metal at the center of the Earth. The outer portion is liquid, and behaves much like liquid metal here on Earth, except that it is under much higher pressures and temperatures than we would be used to. Deeper down, under even higher pressures, we have a solid inner core, which again is just solid iron and nickel. So all of the iron and nickel that help form the Earth is down at the core there. Very little of it remains on the surface. So this is the solid material here, solid core. This is the outer core, which is molten, and then a plasticky area in the mantle that is really denser, much denser rocks. Now the question is, how do we know all of this? So let's look a little bit at how we can determine that this is what the Earth's interior looks like, because as I've said, we cannot drill to the center of the Earth. It is simply not possible. How can we get down to the center? Well, we can't. Our deepest drilling may be about seven miles down. The distance to the core is about 4,000 miles. So we've only drilled a tiny fraction of the way. We've barely gotten through in the outer portions of the crust, so we have no way to get down to the core. So in order to learn about this, we need to use indirect observations to figure out what is going down on down further in the Earth. And we can do that with earthquakes. When an earthquake occurs at some location on the Earth, it then sends out seismic waves, and those travel through the interior of the Earth and reach the other side and then could be detected by seismic stations at various locations across the Earth's surface. So in other points around the Earth, we can then detect these. And mapping out what types of waves we get and when they are received allows us to then determine what the interior of the Earth is like. Now, there are two types of waves that form. There are P waves and S waves. S waves cannot travel through very liquid material. So no liquid here. If they try to travel through liquid, they get damped out very easily. So an earthquake occurring at this location up at the top of the image then would send P and S waves through, and over in this portion, you would be able to observe both P and S waves. Here, you would only be able to observe P waves, and here you observe nothing. No waves at all. Now what that tells us is that on this side of the Earth, these detectors only detect the P waves, meaning that those waves had to have traveled through a liquid to eliminate the S waves. On this section, the P and S waves are both detected so that we're able to get, things did not have to travel through anything very liquid, so we can actually see both P and S waves. The fact that we get nothing in what we call the shadow zone here tells us something about how things are bent, and that certain areas here, the waves are getting bent by the changes in densities of material, and at the border, they're bent even more. So the waves coming through here that actually reach the core get bent significantly and actually end up coming out way over here. So as these waves travel through the interior, we use those patterns to interpret the Earth's interior structure. So what does that tell us? We cannot learn the interior structure of the Earth by a single earthquake, but when we look at tens and hundreds and thousands of earthquakes that occur all around the Earth, we can then use those to put together a detailed map of the interior, because we can then make estimates as to what the sizes of the core, inner core and outer core and mantle are, and we can then use that to predict what will occur in each earthquake, and we can use multiple earthquakes to continually refine our measurements of what the sizes and what the density variations are in the interior of the Earth. And after looking at thousands of these earthquakes, we've been able to get a very good model of what the Earth's interior looks like, even though we've only been able to actually drill and explore a very small section of the Earth's interior using their seismic waves, allows us to really learn what the Earth is like inside, and then to be able to use that to interpret and look at what other planets might be like inside. Again, we cannot study those directly either. So the last thing to look at here is what happens when metals spin and they generate a magnetic field inside the Earth. And it is generated by electrical currents forming in the outer core of the Earth. So the molten outer core is a metal, that's metal, iron and nickel, and as it spins, it generates electrical currents and spinning electrical currents will give you a magnetic field. This magnetic field will then extend out into space, giving us a magnetosphere, which is where the Earth's magnetic field is dominant. And that means that it protects us from charged particles from the Sun. So as solar particles come through, they strike the Earth's magnetic field and they're deviated around the Earth. So materials then go around the Earth instead of striking us directly. Now the Sun emits many high-energy charge particles, so we would not want to be constantly bombarded by those. So the Earth's magnetic field serves as protection for us from those. It also gives us things like the aurora as some of these particles come down and do strike the Earth's atmosphere around the poles and give us then the aurora as they excite atoms in the atmosphere, giving off that distinct greenish glow that we associate with the aurora. Other charged particles can get trapped and form radiation belts around the Earth. But most of the particles just get deviated away and travel off into space and out through the solar system and therefore the magnetic field serves to protect us. So finishing up here with our summary, let's look at what we've gone over this time, and we did talk about how the Earth is a unique planet in many ways. We talked about water, only planet with liquid water on its surface. We talked about oxygen, and we talked about life as several things that are very unique to the Earth. We learned how we can map the interior structure of the Earth using seismic waves and we divided the Earth into four parts across the part we live on and can explore, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core. And we learned that the liquid metal core and currents in that are what generates the Earth's magnetic field and protects us from charged particles from the Sun. So that concludes our lecture on the interior structure of the Earth. We'll be back again next time for another topic in astronomy. So until then, have a great day everyone, and I will see you in class.


What's going on, everyone? Sam here with late sports cards. We are rippin' 10 Box Tuesdays, 10 Box Bowman Baseball Mixer No. 152, Random Team Style. Here's a look again at your RAN results. As always, you can find these on the website under the Results tab, as well as the link in chat. So good luck here, guys. Let's do it. Did you, Matthew, when did you send the email? 10 Box Tuesday. Start with 19 Bowman Draft Sapphire. Washington too. First, Matthew Thompson. So that's good. Let's start on the back here. Isbell. First, Antoine Kelly. TJ Sycamore. Floreal. First, Ethan Small. Bar Show. First, Andrew Vaughn. Nice one there.  Andrew Vaughn again on the first. I don't know if I said that. Eric Miller. Libretor. First, Logan Driscoll. First, Jimmy Lewis. And Vince Fernandez. Kyle Stores. Sixth, though. I'd probably give it like a 30 minutes after it's supposed to be. Mercer. Actually, kill him. There's an orange, Ethan Small. Nine of 25. Nice one there. For the Brewers. Orange Sapphire. And a blue Sapphire. Miguel Amaya. 299. 20-20 Bowman Draft Sapphire. I'll probably be running, depending on how these next couple of breaks go. About a half hour behind would be my guess. And guys, just four to go in Elite and 18 to go in 10 Box Tuesday basketball. It's the only two group breaks with spots remaining tonight, everybody. Trent Palmer first. It's a J-Rob. Sam Weatherly first. Freeman. Quinn Priester. Corey Lee. Casey Martin first. Zach Veen first. Nice. Ryan Jensen first. Nick York as well. That's been pretty solid first in here. So far. Bailey Horn. Garrett Mitchell first. Colt Keith. Bobby with Trevor Hower. Isaiah Green first. Got an Elliott Ramos. 15 of 20. Nice one there for the Giants. I'm playing with it right now. And a Yellow. 63 of 99. Jordan and Wogu for the Cups. Nice one there as well. All cards shipped. Yeah, all cards shipped on this. Let's do 22 Bowman Draft Super Jumbo. And now what's going on in order, I guess? 21 Bowman Draft Jumbo. I'm going to mess this up. And we're play-fighting. 21 Bowman Draft Jumbo. Yeah, see something big. Side down, Tyler Madison. Purple to 250. First for the Tigers. We've got first Dominic Hamill. That's going to the Metz nice one there on the base auto. McColski first. Pou Yu Chen. Yeah, so I'm just going to put the paper and stuff together. Let's make like one pile for it right now. Zala's first, John Rhodes. Trade it for a bunch of smaller stuff. Should trade it for my Buck Allen collection. Illegal. Oops. Tyler Black first. 100 Conongo. Zach Vien. Julio Carreras. Base. Refractor. Austin Love. 431 out of 499. Auto for the Cardinals. Nice one there. Congrats on that. Ryan Holgate. First Cooper Bowman.  I don't know if I'd trade it. Well, I would trade it for a way. Upside down, Jake Fox. Minidiamonds, not numbered. Job, Elliot Ramos. West Cath first. Base. True Blue, Angel Martinez. Or Angel Martinez for the Guardians. 2-150. Sky Blue base. Alex Vanellis first for the Brewers. Doug McKeezy. Luisa Angelicunia.  CJ Abrams. Refractor. Cameron Colley first. Trey Turner with another home run.  Unbelievable. Unbelievable. Let's go. Ryan Spikes, base first. Auto. Nice one there for the Rays. Let's go. Trey. Two more elite spots came in. It's around just two in elite, I believe. It's still 18 to go in Ten Box Tuesday. Gunnar Hoglin first. Yep, two in 17 to go. 17 in Ten Box Tuesday. So thank you very much, guys. Do appreciate it. Only two group breaks with spots left tonight. Boundless Elite Basketball, 22-23 in Ten Box Tuesday. Basketball as well. Ryan Cusick Green to 99 for the Braves on the insert. Sean Burke. Bobby Whitt Jr. Sky Blue, Cooper Kinney first for the Rays to 499. Invicta Austin Martin. Cartaya, Noah Miller first. I think 22 Sterling next. Yep, 22 Bowman Sterling. Perfect. Got 500 burning a hole in my pocket. I'll delete your email then, illegal. I'll make sure you don't get in contact with Rich. Any time I see illegal, just bring a cigarette. Eh, that's not terrible. That's not terrible, I have to say, Travis. Clement Whitt. Refractor, Hedbert Perez to 199 for the Brewers. First auto, Dori Lorenzo for the Astros. Nice one there. Congrats, Houston. Louis Frias, Matt Manning. Gold, Jerinderan. Nice one there. That is 5 of 50 on the Tech, or not auto, but Tech Rookie for the Red Sox. Refractor, Colton Couser, 142 out of 150 for the Orioles. Nice one there. Hunter Green, Crawford. Thanks for the follow there, Jordan. There's Yonathan Colossae to 99, Mini Diamonds. Auto is going to be Oscar Coloss. Nice one there for the White Sox. Congrats on that, Shye Town. Lurad and Jose Ramos. Pulling his auto to sell it tonight after he hits a lock off. And he already hit his first home run here, so dang man. This is 22 Bowman Sterling right here, Jordan. 22 Bowman Sterling. Juan Yepez to 150. Nice one there. Another Colton Couser base auto for the Orioles, very cool. Valera and Blaise Jordan. Laze, Jordan. Oscar Coloss, Refractor, Prospect Auto to 150. Nice one there again for the White Sox. Two of the four of the five autos were like two of the same guys. The Overpeguero, Averson, Artega. All right, 22 Bowman HDA Jumbo. One of my favorite Bowmans right here, 22 HDA Jumbo. Yeah, that's pretty much all pros. There's some, there's some like vets in there too, like Soto, Ohtani, Harper. They have autos, but very short printed. And some rookie stuff too. I'm at High Five Futures or Elvis Martina. It's the 150 for the Blue Jays. These Matos. Oh, there you go. Brandon Marsh, James Wood first, Trace Sweeney first. Good first in there. Purple Paper, Orelvis Martinez to 250 for the Blue Jays. Two numbered Orelvis Martinez. Martinez is, yeah, fine, okay. Shailen Polanco. Dayton Duny, 311 out of 499. Refractor first auto for the Royals. Nice one there. Congrats, Casey. Anthony Volpe. Martinai. Jackson Cheerio first in there. Honey Nut Cheerio. James Wiseman, the Detroit Pistons legend. James Wiseman that is. See you. Like 12 games at Memphis before he got suspended legend, James Wiseman. Yeah, he was picked between Ant and Lomelo. Good God, man. Donnie's birthday today. Happy birthday, Donnie. Turning the big three today. Kyle's been getting a lot of birthday wishes. Gero Paul Maras, we got Lenin Sosa first base auto for the White Sox. Nice one there. Chicago, a little bit of a dent in that one. We'll send an empty box and wrapper with the White Sox. We want to go now on a lead. Break in seconds. Basketball break of the night here. Big socks. South side. Donnie. What? I'm just doing my job, okay? No, all right. I mean, that's, you do need help. You do need help. I mean, that's fairly, fairly certain on that one at this point. Green, Dylan Carlson paper to 99. True. Alan Serda first to 250 for the Reds. Purple ray wave. What? Oh, that's a don't we all right there. Duffel Castro, Colson Montgomery. Nice one there for the White Sox are killing it, dude. Congrats on that Chicago. There you go. Colson Montgomery first. Very nice. Eric Carr. There you go, Eric.   Hey, happy birthday, Donnie. Turned in three years old today, man. Big milestone. I didn't get a cake, that's important. Yeah, sure. Your present is top load for me tonight. I'd rather have gotten nothing. That's so funny. Birthday's on 28. Well, happy early birthday. Actual at early birthday there, Jordan. Cake is on the way. Thanks. Thanks, Walt. You know, Rodriguez blew paper to 125. I'm sorry we'll end this break behind, guys, but I do have the next random type, then. You'll go straight into a multi-seller base. I did separate the chrome and the paper for some reason this time, so. Habit. Sorry. Very true. 22 Bowman Draft Sapphire. Up next, 22 Bowman Draft Sapphire. Crazy that you're working on your birthday, Donnie. Brooke's Lee first. We had a New York team. The pants work. Logan Tanner, holding freezing alarm. Solo armor, dang. It's all too small. Probably. Jimmy Crooks, Noyspen Joyce. Murakami Bami. Oh, no, he just gave Sam. I know, if that guy was in the MLB, I'd be all in on that. Mott's, Veerling first. Eurlin. Confident. Mini Basta 23 top baseball. Nice. Got Marco Luciano, 8 out of 20 on the teal. There you go, Giants. Marco Luciano. Nido, Zach Nido. Michael Kennedy, 6 of 99 on the yellow. Disgusting. Saved it. Disgusting human right there. Saved it. 22 Bowman Draft Super Jumbo. Sick of that guy sharing wings with you. Please? I think you're just fine. Super Jumbo. Not your regular Jumbo. It's Super Jumbo to add it to the Almanac. Trey Turner, Rookie Super from Bowman's Best. That might have to be thrown into an Almanac right there. Kumar Rocker and Victor. Jason Honeynut Cheerio. Nice for the Reds. Green paper of Eurlin. Confident. It's a 99. 89 of 99. Really rushed saying that one. I know because I didn't want you to look up on it to startle you. This delayed reaction time. Purple Riccardo Cabrera for the Reds. 2-250. I could have went along with it just screaming really loud. Ignacio Alvarez on the White Mini Diamonds for the Graves. Every free play. Yisan Moravell. I thought it'd be too much though. But then again. And Sean McClane, base first auto for the Dodgers. Nice one there. LA. It's you breaking. So too much is always happening. True. Chopped saw somebody as a ghost. Definitely saw a ghost. I think we're sold out on what's it called? Yeah, we're sold out on Elite. So just I believe now 15 to go. Yes, 15 to go on 10 box Tuesday. That is the only group break with spots currently remaining. 10 box Tuesday basketball. There are 15 spots remaining. Box of 2012-2013 iMac. 2020-21 iMac and 21-22 NT. Really good stuff. Really, really good stuff this week. Christian Bieling first. First Cole Young. Okay, Blue Auto coming up. Blue Wave. It's on there. Purple Paper Tamar Johnson to 250. For the Pirates. Very solid. That is 90 of 250. Take that first. First Nate Furman. Blue Wave Auto Nazir Mule to 150. Very nice for the Cubs. Yeah, pretty much every day Jordan. We have like a channel dedicated to two baseball as well. That breaks during the day. Now this isn't Garrison Matthews first year. Vaughn, but it is Reed Brignac's first year. Reed Brignac has first autos in this. And Austin Kearns. Those are the two big chases. Austin Kearns and Reed Brignac. First Jonathan Cannon. First the Brunner Cox. First Trish Gonzalez. We got a redemption tomorrow. Question one. That is still in 199. Jordan Sprinkle. See it tomorrow. Who else? Brooks Lee I think is or Cross one of the other. When both they both might be. Redemption is actually Cross and Lee and Tamar. Gold Max Muncie. It's a 50 for the A's. Oh, USA for sure. First Owen Murphy. First Brandon Barrera. We've got, oh, position for excellence autograph booklet. What is that? Uh, Dylan Beavers. Gavin Cross. Chase the water. Drew Gilbert. Elijah Green. And Sterling Thompson. Holy cow, dude. That sounds very sweet. What's that? That's insane, dude. Position for excellence autograph booklet. Geez, I've never seen one of these. That's going to probably end up being a random at the end because you have to own four of the teams. Cleveland, Alexandros. Washington is KD. Houston, Michael S. Yeah, these are one of ones. I don't feel comfortable randoming this one. I really don't. Yeah, probably not. Yeah, I'm going to see what Lane wants to do on this one. I just, this one, it's big. It's got some really big names on it.  So, yeah, I'm not super comfortable. Ramin, I've never seen one of these pulled either. That's really sick, dude. We'll mag that. Again, I just, I think that's a little too big to random right now. Let me text Lane really quick. Take a picture and text Lane and see what he wants to do on that. One sec, guys. Sorry for the delay. I just want to see, I'm going to let Lane make the decision. Well, if it's the only one in the product and we have it, or we both not, we have it. Yeah, sure. Right there with you, Jordan. Shish, fair. As long as we're ripping boxes. Oh, yeah. Yeah, that's a big hit right there, dude. Let me bring up the checklist really quick. Hand these over to you. I want to see what those are going to be number two, because if that's a one-to-one, I mean, that's like very big time. They're out of 10, says Kim. They're out of 10. That's still pretty sick. One for outfielders, infielders, and pitchers. Yeah, I was going to say because the... Dude, they should do that with football. Why not give them a position to eat? That's not sweet. That does sound pretty cool. Sometimes in certain casals, we'll reach out to the owners and see what they want to do if they want to random it or not. But a lot of times, like with something like that, I like to just let Lane. I'm going to let Lane, like Lane is in charge of it, so I want to let Lane make that decision. Japan has bases loaded in those. Oh, Yankees. Big Yankees fan. Dresden Boyd to $199. Cole Young, Jet Nido, Tamar Brooks, and Holiday. That's insane, dude. That's a crazy booklet. Zack Nido, we got Purple, Troy Melton to $250. Nice one there for the Tigers. That's kind of wild. Yeah, this is all the guys who got drafted in 2022. These are like their first cards. JR Richie, Chase the Water, Brooks Lee on the first. Nice one there. That's the best we could come up with. Very true. Very true. All right, so we are going to random it. At the end of the break, like I said, I'm going to let Lane make the decision. Lane gave me the green light to go ahead and random it. So once the break's over, I'll just double check that nobody owns majority. I don't believe anybody does, and we'll go ahead and random that card off. It's pretty awesome, dude. Elliot first. McBittison, Simon Munoz, and Gabriel Hughes. He'll lob it $199 for the Rockies. So those are our first base. Yeah, P. Alonzo is cool. I like Judge right now, I'd probably say. All right, let's do... That's only because he's on your team. No. Oh, Judge, you mean? Yeah, you're right. Bowman's best. Why don't you like Judge? Huh? Oh, Jordan just said he doesn't like Judge. He's good. He's not on the best. Yeah. I don't really, I don't, I mean Alonzo's good. I don't really like Alonzo either, to be fair. Air, Seya, Suzuki. Shake, Burger. There's the Lodge of Green on the Atomic. Jackson Holiday and Ryan Mountiasen. I don't see why they still call this parallel sapphire. Fair. Adele Amador for the Rockies. Nice one there on the base order. Little Dusty, I'm just going to have Donny wipe that down really quick. Christian Baccaro, UFO. Anthony Gutierrez. Whatever he wants to or not. Gold Lava! Jackson Holiday to $75. Nice one there, Orioles. Gras Baltimore. Atomic, Dustin Harris. And Brian Acunha. Down to $14 on Ten Box Tuesday, everybody. It's going to be Daniel Vazquez for the Royals on the base prospect order. You're only doing the game with the holiday? No, you're fine. To $250, Purple Brooks Lee. And Jeremy Payne over for after. Nice. I know Lars Nukelar. That is Tyler Whitaker for the Astros. Nice one there. Yeah, Little Dusty will get that wiped off for you. Unless that, I don't think that's a scratch. If it is, we'll send an empty box and wrapper. Jose Ramos, UFO. Christian Yelich. That's definitely a scratch. Cabrion Hayes, Atomic. And Christian Pache. We'll send an empty box and wrapper with the Astros. Sorry about that, Houston. I figured it was, but sometimes there'll be like a piece of hair on there that will wipe the scratch. Or it'll be like part of the card or something. Right. You know. They're getting me. I know. So the pitcher playing back. And Water, O'Neill Cruz. Christian Santana. Last pack here of Bowman's Beast. It's going to be Dorel Hernáez on the base prospect auto. Nice one there for the Orioles. Brady House, UFO. Vladdie, Jr. That will do 2020 Bowman. First Gerard Incarnacion. Nice one there on the auto for the Marlins. Grats on that Marlins. Very nice. Hidden finds McNeil. Robert Pusson. Startle me like that soon. All right. Hi, I'm so startled. Look there. See ya. Casey Meyes. Michael Kopeck. Have you stopped prospecting this? That's so weird. See, Tony laughed at that. Thank you, Tony. I think he laughed at my reaction.  See, thank you, Randy. Randy laughed at it too. AJ Pock, Rookie Auto. That is 24.99 for the A's on the Refractor. Nice one there, Oakland. AJ Pock. Now, a Marlin. He's played it for AJ Loday, right? Honestly. A terrible joke, though. No, sir. Well, I know who to go to for encouragement. Sky blue paper, Glaibre Taurus. Glaibre Day to 4.99. Boba Shat, Rookie of the Year, favorites. Okay, that's pretty funny. All right. Thanks for reminding me. Oh, there's a website down again. Yep, the website's down again. Come on, bro.  Yep, the site's down. Nice. Show me Tanya first. Thanks for the sub there, Jason. Oh boy. What's AC bringing to us? John Diaz to 4.99, Refractor. Yeah, if you try clicking on anything, I don't think it works. That's awesome. Woo, let's go. What? Joe Ryan first. Jason Dominguez not working. Oh, I thought, I feel like we're getting to a car that was big. Yeah. Laka, Vargas, Cease. Here under Ran Chrome first. Currently spamming the refresh button. Time to go home. Bricks are canceled. Hans Kraus, as a ranger in that. Church and Apostle first. Sam Hoth. Donnie the Nile of Service attack. Yep, that's what it is. Donnie keeps messing it up here. Donnie keeps breaking the website on us. I didn't bring anything. Website breaker. No, I like technology. Somebody who doesn't like technology would say Anthony Volpe. Most certainly is my friend. True Blue, Dean Dunning to 150 for the White Sox. I know, right, Kyle? Not cool about it. Not cool, dude. We're trying to do breaks here, man. Oh, that's awesome. Purple first is Luis Petino. It's a 250. Nice one there for the Padres. He's a major league. That's a gorgeous seg too. Really nice signature on that one. Congrats, San Diego. Oh, God. What did AC say? What did the sushi say to the bee? That's what it was? Yeah. To the sushi say to the bee. Something stings something. It's got to be a sting. It's got to be something sting related. Probably. Wasabi. Sam's going to use that sooner or later. There's Grant Levine to $4.99. That was great, dude. For those on YouTube who missed it, what did the sushi say to the bee? Wasabi. Did Sam really? Oh, man, that was great. That was great, AC. That was great, dude. That got me. It got me. I was not expecting that. That was hilarious. Welcome to sleep. Shawn's like, I'm almost done. Ah, shoot. Well, 2018 Bowman Chrome. That's what we got last here. That joke stings. Last box of the break, everybody. Victor Robles, rookie. Cino Tony. That is refractor Kyle Tucker. That's Harper. Mookie Betts. Gabor Torres, rookie. Gabor Day. Really pint. Lou Nelson Cruz for the Mariners. Nice one there to $150. Mariners legend. Actually pretty good on Mariners. Oh yeah, I always put too much wasabi. I've done that before. That is going to be Brewstar Craterall. Nice one there for the twins. Now a Dodger. Who eats sushi? Very cool. You don't like sushi? I don't know. I don't think I've had it so far. From fellow Stanton. And Reese Hoskins. Well, they have a proper sushi. It's good. He gets good sushi from a good sushi place. It's very good. I feel like sushi is very expensive. Really? If you go to a decent place a lot of times, it'll be like $7.99 for a roll of eight of them. Yeah, that's usually not bad. They make it sound like it's way more of a luxury. It's not. It's not that bad. Put too much of my cereal before. Yeah, that's tossed on. That's questionable. Punea, DeYoung, Tyler O'Neill. If you try to keep the site working, one keeps bugging out. Hey, there we go. Green Shimmer, Nate Pearson. $89 of $99 for the Blue Jays. This one there. Corey Seeger and Miguel Cabrera. Sight is back up again if you want 10 bucks Tuesday spots. Is Wasabi the pink or the green? The green. Okay, I think I've tried that before. I did not like it. No, it's not. I didn't like the other thing either. Milk, Fruit Loops, Wasabi. There we go. That's what I like to hear. Refractor Trisha Mackenzie to $4.99 for the Guardians. Billy Hamilton and Roberto Ozuna. Glass back here. Everybody see what we got? It's going to be base auto. Ranger Suarez going to the Phillies. Ranger Suarez. Mejia, Med Rosario Rookie. All right, guys, we're doing the random for this right here. Dylan Beavers, Gavin Cross, Chase the Lotter, Drew Gilbert, Elijah Green, Sterling Thompson. I'm just going to double check, make sure nobody has a majority on this. So Astros, Michael S. Orioles is Eric R. Guardians is Alexandros. The Royals is Trevor F. The Rockies is Alexandros. And the Nationals is KD. So yeah, no majority on that. All right, guys, again, doing the random for the position for excellence autograph booklet from 22 Bowman Draft Super Jumbo. Dylan Beavers with the Orioles. Gavin Cross Royals. Chase the Lotter Guardians. Drew Gilbert Astros. Elijah Green Nationals. Sterling Thompson Rockies. Good luck, guys. Whoever, whatever team is on top after five times gets the card. One, two, three, four, and five. Going to the Astros. Astros picking up the position for excellence booklet. Congrats on that, Houston. Let's do a recap. You want us to double quiz us? I'll take a picture of it. Ranger Suarez, Broussard Gratterall, Luis Petino. A.J. Puck, Gerard Encarnacion, Dorrell Hernandez, Tyler Whitaker, Daniel Vasquez, Adelamador, Gabriel Hughes, Troy Melton, Najir Mute, Sean McLean, Colson Montgomery, Lenin Sosa, that is Dalton Duney, or Dayton Duney, Oscar Coloss, Colton Couser, Oscar Coloss, Colton Couser, Dori Lorenzo, Ryan Spikes, Austin Love, and Dominic Hamill. That will do it for the break, guys. Thanks again for the film. Next up, we've got basketball.