Ladies and gentlemen, a very warm welcome to our stakeholder session on defending truth. This is quite possibly the single most important event that is taking place during the World Economic Forum, because truth is obviously the foundation on which all of the other discussions are based. And if you look at the world that we're in at the moment, it does feel like this idea of defending truth, defending the truth, is a kind of mission impossible. Iskulus famously said that the truth is the first casualty of war. And it's not just that we have many wars going on at the moment, but Iskulus never lived through a modern election campaign. They never came across artificial intelligence. And the challenges to our information ecosystem are so fundamental that they are actually starting to affect every single aspect of our lives. And that's why many people are talking about how this new era that we're going through could, in fact, be the era of artificial truth. Over the next 45 minutes, we're going to diagnose some of the problems facing our ecosystems, looking at the challenges that consumers face in an era of misinformation, and think about how public institutions and media institutions can adapt to and affect this new reality. And we have a real all-star cast to help us make sense of these important questions. First up is Vera Yurova, who is the Vice President for Values and Transparency at the European Commission. We also have Jeanne Bourgo, who is the President and CEO of Internews. Meredith Kopit Levion is the President and CEO of The New York Times. And Emma Tucker is the Editor-in-Chief of The Wall Street Journal. Vera, can we go to you first? You're Vice President of the European Commission. You are looking at all the challenges that we're facing. If you look at the WEF's Global Risk Report for 2024, it says that disinformation is actually the top risk which people cited for the next couple of years. You're looking at both European elections taking place this year, but also increasingly finding that this whole topic of misinformation, disinformation is going right up the political agenda. Can you talk a bit about how the EU thinks about that and what kind of measures you're taking? Thank you for the question. Thank you for inviting me. Well, disinformation is a security threat. And maybe not many noticed, but it was part of the Russian military doctrine that they will start information war. And we are in it now. And disinformation is a very powerful tool. So how we think about it in the EU, we are focusing on improving of the system where the people will get the facts right. We don't speak about opinions. We are not correcting anyone's opinions or language. This is about the facts. So here comes the series of actions which we are taking at the EU level to equip the people with the facts so that they can make their autonomous choice. You set consumers. We do it for citizens. For me, this is a difference. There are five elements. First of all, we need to have strong professional media and safe place for journalists to do the job. We have Andrew Karina Galicia here, the son of the murdered journalist Daphne. Well, we adopted the laws, which I could call Daphne's laws, to protect the journalist better. We adopted the media freedom act. I can speak about it later if you want. So strong media doing the job freely and with full space. Second thing, work with the platforms. And here comes the fact checking mainly. And we have all the big tech under the commitment of the code of practice against disinformation. Again, I can say more. Third thing important, better communication from the site of politics. I remember times when the politician was caught lying, he was disqualified. Yeah, maybe we should come back to this practice. But also communication in the sense of pre-bunking. This information is not so uneasy to predict. The forcing awareness raising, lowering of the absorption capacity in the society to believe the lies. This is long-term, long-distance run, but we have to do it. Last resort, solution, law enforcement, reaction. And we see the rise of antisemitism, which is full of conspiracy theories, which have the potential to incite violence in real life. We see, again, the day with stars on the synagogues and on the buildings of Jewish people. And this is the case for police. So these five elements. Sorry I was a bit long, but this is how we have... This is a broad concept which we take in the EU. Thank you very much. No, you laid out a very full agenda. One of the topics you mentioned is politics and how that's working. Donald Trump used to love calling the New York Times the failing New York Times until at least he realised that he was maybe one of the big contributors to turning the New York Times into the enormous commercial success that it became. Meredith, can you tell us what lessons you learned, both from that period, but also how you think about the role of a global media organisation in this era of disinformation? Yeah, great, great, sort of specific and then broad question. And thanks for having me here. Let me just push on one thing you said, which is that you associated Trump with the sort of success of the Times. I would say certainly the giant political story that began in 2016 and continued has been of great interest and that made even more audience come to the New York Times and I'm sure it made even more people subscribe. But I would say for the Times and the Journal, Emma is also here and all of the major serious news organisations, we are all sort of bigger than any one story or any one topic area and we continue to have a very strong, very engaged audience and grow subscriptions long after he was President of the United States. So I'll just, I'll note that in terms, I'm actually going to follow some of what Vera said. I would say that we are living in, you know, as dark a moment in history as I have known. I suspect many people feel that way and in that the world needs more high quality independent journalism that's willing to hold power to account and what I think we're not talking enough about is what journalism actually needs from the world and I think you're pushing on that and I'd name a handful of things. One is the opportunity for journalists to do their work in a way that is free from intimidation, harassment, legal threat and that is something that I think until recently we thought particularly in democracies was a settled matter, even something sacred and I think many of us are quite concerned about that so that's one thing. The second thing I would say is we need to help the public be more media literate as to the value and importance of independent journalism. I think people, it's very hard for many reasons to distinguish what it is and isn't and we need a public that understands the value of journalism that's from a posture of sort of searching rather than knowing and that doesn't play for a side or a team and third I think we need sustainable business models for media companies. Farrah said you need professional media organizations while those organizations have to be able to make money to put their reporters into harm's way, have the people who endeavor to keep them safe, have expert editors, have all the people who find and build audience that is really intense, expensive work requires people who can do great kind of human ingenuity and technological innovation and it costs a lot of money and we need an information ecosystem that rewards and recognizes and values that and my experience at times over the last 10 years is if we're not pushing on all of those things at the same time, you get where we are now proliferation of lots and lots of less high quality content and a real challenge to the relationship between the publisher and the reader. You called it a citizen, the end user who should be in a direct relationship for news. Great, so Emma, the meta theme for this year's Davos is the idea of building trust and that's one of the biggest challenges for media organizations in this media environment that's awash with different information from conflicting sources. How do you go about building trust? Well, I really want to echo a lot of what Meredith said that I agree with it entirely. I think there's a very specific challenge for the legacy brands like the New York Times and like the Wall Street Journal.  We still have a lot of trust, but I think you only have to go back, I think we have to maintain that trust and we have to work at maintaining it in a way that we didn't have to do not so long ago. So if you go back really not that long ago, as I say, we kind of, we owned the news. We were the gatekeepers and we very much owned the facts as well. If it said it in the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, then that was a fact. Nowadays, people can go to all sorts of different sources for the news and they're much more questioning about what we're saying. So it's no longer good enough for us just to say, this is what happened or this is the news. We have to explain, almost like explain our working. So readers expect to understand how we source stories. They want to know how we go about getting stories that we have to sort of lift the bonnet as it were and in a way that newspapers aren't used to doing and explain to people what we're doing. We need to be much more transparent about how we go about collecting the news in order to keep that trust because the trust is our most valuable asset and the minute we let go of that, then our business models frankly will fall apart. That also means we have to correct our mistakes. We have to be honest when we make mistakes. We have to not be afraid of that. And I think as well, we just we need to have a much more open relationship with our readers. We have to be more responsive to what they want, what they expect of us. And we have to, yeah, just keep it, have more of a dialogue. It used to be very much de eau en bas with newspapers and I think those days are over. And I think the feeling we get is that readers really enjoy that. They like it. They like us to open up and tell them what we're going on. I think the challenge for us is the people who say they trust us and want to understand why they should trust us tend to be the same people. We're preaching to the converted. The challenge is how do we reach the people out there who don't read The Wall Street Journal, who don't read The New York Times, who don't listen to the BBC or whatever. How do we persuade them of the value of trusted news? Great. So, Jean, can you talk a bit about how civil society can actually contribute to this process and how civil society can help to tackle this information? Well, I guess I want to say at the start, sort of that I am, yeah, I am civil society. We're not at the site, our name in our news. We're not a news organization, but we do support news organizations all around the world working at about 130 countries. And we work particularly in places that free and open information struggles to exist. And so sort of all of the challenges that we've been talking about up until now are amplified a thousand fold if you barely have a market economy, if you're facing conflict. And I will want to note that the elections that we're talking about are happening in 64 countries, which means many of them all over the world where they have less healthy information ecosystems. So from our perspective is what we need to do is really bolster those information ecosystems in the similar strategies that we've talked about here. We look at it sort of from an information integrity perspective, like how do you build that health and from a demand and supply side. And if you think about the supply side being the production of news and information that is trusted, on that side, you're sort of both trying to minimize the bad stuff and maximize the good stuff. And again, we've sort of been talking about that here already. And on the minimizing, I want to stress a couple of points of the bad is that disinformation makes money. And that's one of them, we need to follow that money. And we need to work with the, in particularly the global advertising industry that a lot of those dollars go to pretty bad content. And so you can work really hard on exclusion lists or inclusion lists to sort of really try to focus ad dollars and challenge the global advertising industry all around the world to focus their ad dollars towards the good news and information, the good, the accurate and relevant news and information. And then on, that we've talked a little bit about the platform side, it's really complicated. I mean, the European Commission is doing amazing work in this area, but we know that it's complicated. We also know that more can be done. We know that there's not enough trust and safety people. What sorts of things do you think could be done specifically? Well, I mean, there's a lot of language in this world. And when you only cover 12 or 13 languages, you're missing the vast majority of the world. And so, I mean, getting local language expertise so that you can protect all of the world. And it's just wildly too few people sort of looking at it. I do think there's interesting interventions, civil society interventions. I mean, the Facebook oversight board is interesting and interesting conversations are happening because of it. Australia has an e-commission on e-safety. That's a brand new sort of an unusual thing in the world. So these types of things can help really sort of protect from the most egregious digital harms, but it only gets at the most egregious at that point. So lots of questions have been raised. So I'm going to sort of dip into some of them and try to talk about them. One important thing you mentioned was this idea of the business model, and you mentioned that as well. I don't know, Meredith, if you want to go into a bit more detail on that, because a few years ago that was... Yeah, can I talk about why that... I feel like we don't talk enough about why that happened. I'm going to repeat something I think I said before, which is at its best news is experienced in a committed relationship where you go to one or a handful of providers that you trust are going to have a team who are going to bring you information you can trust that is fact-based, that is worthy of your time every day. And I think over the last decade, probably a little longer, the relationship was just intermediated between the reader or the listener or the watcher and that publisher who spent all the money gathering that information and creating journalism around it. And that was not good for the consumer's understanding of what they were, I'm going to say reading, but I mean watching and listening to. For what they were reading, when much of news is experienced by the public as a bunch of atomized stories traveling around the internet sort of divorced from their context, divorced from what Emma was talking about, which are the signals to say this is news or this is an opinion, these are the other 10 stories the journal has produced around it or the Times has produced around it, that's just not good for the consumers or the reader, citizens ability to take in the whole story, that's the first thing. Second thing which you're pointing to is what tech advancement, which also gave us so much, including much more audience for our work, led to the platforms, led to the proliferation of low quality content, and you asked what can be done about that, better signals, tech providing better signals to distinguish between independent fact-based journalism and all the other stuff, quite important still plenty more work to do there. I think it's more than labeling, I mean Google actually has made real progress on this over the years, it's had a search work, how are things indexed, we're entering a next chapter of the information ecosystem, how will quality content be pointed to, how will it be acknowledged, how will it be surfaced at great scale, and then I would just say your opening question to me, we can't forget that all of this has been compounded by world leaders literally trying to sow mistrust against credible news gathering organizations, that's a big piece of this. I want to go much more deep into the politics around this, but while we're staying with this business model idea, maybe Emma, you want to comment on that, I mean you run global, the way that many of us kind of understand about the global economy and finance, et cetera, and you're also trying to operate in a much more challenging environment in terms of media organizations, business models, how do you see the challenges going forward in terms of making truth profitable? Well I think, I mean the truth of the matter is, news gathering and running a newsroom is very expensive, and I think that's something that people have come to realise that proper having people on the ground in all over the world, often in very challenging circumstances, is an expensive business. Now I suppose the question is, and the question for us was how do you make money out of news? It's very, very hard to do that. Some legacy brands have made a great fist of it by building subscription models, but in the future, I don't know, I mean it could be that the newsroom of the future is a lot smaller than the newsroom of today because AI will most definitely play a part in news gathering, and perhaps you'll just have much smaller newsroom with a team of editors of human oversight for what AI is generating. But I think the question of how do you fund trusted independent news is it will continue to be a headache for all of us. I don't think we may have cracked it for now with the subscription model, but that obviously is not very inclusive of subscription. We're quite expensive, I hate to say it, but we are. And that means there will be people who simply cannot afford to pay for it. Can I add a couple things to this? I want to really come in behind Emma on how expensive it is to do high quality news gathering. And by the way, just in the United States, I think like a quarter of all the newspapers have closed that has decimated local journalism and many more will still close. Many fewer working journalists. I want to suggest that what we need from here is more journalists. The world needs more understanding. It needs more people with some semblance of expertise on the ground, asking other human beings, bearing witness, trying to figure out what happened with being edited by experts, by the people who work at the Times, who work for Emma at the Journal. We need more of that. I am hopeful as you are, Emma, that there will be aspects of our business processes and companies and the way we go about some of the work that technology will help us do more efficiently. But ultimately, I want to say when I talk about a sustainable model for high quality journalism, I mean being able to keep many, many people on the front lines of important things unfolding in like every aspect of the human experience and be able to say, human to human, this is what's happening here. And I want a bigger newsroom. I bet Emma wants a bigger newsroom. And that's really what we're trying to have. Do you want to say a bit about what you think the responsibility for institutions like the European Commission is in terms of creating this sort of environment where you can have these flourishing media organisations that make money and they're able to sustain networks of journalists on the ground around the world? Well, I am European politician slash regulator. Yeah. As a person, I lived half of my life in a totalitarian regime. I know how it tastes to live in one official doctrine. So you can imagine what kind of courage it required for me to get into even the thinking of how better to regulate information space. Do you hear it, how it sounds? Dangerous. But we had to look into the reality that the European information space was already far before invasion to Russia to Ukraine. It was over flooded with this information, not only born in Kremlin, but also some other sources. And so we started with the analysis what needs to be improved or regulated. When it comes to digital space, we were mainly focusing on illegal content, which is child pornography, extremism terrorism and hate speech. It's its most violent form. These are things which are prohibited in our EU member states criminal laws. So nothing new. Here we have the Digital Services Act, which says clearly EU platforms must not be the distributors of this kind of content. For this information, which we speak about today, we had to take gloves because freedom of speech is primary principle in the EU, primary principle. So that's why when I speak about the truth, I always add evidence-based truth. So again, the facts. When we started to work on the code of contact against disinformation, we came in our analysis to what you speak about that the truth is expensive and slow. And sometimes not reaching the audience because between the bubbles in the mainstream space, there are not many people. I'm exaggerating a bit. The lie is cheap and quick. That's why in the code of practice, we have, for instance, the chapter on demonetizing. You said that disinformation makes money. We try to cut them off the money to start them out. That's why we have also advertising industry on board. And we have many, many big companies, which already said clearly we don't want to connect our brands with the systems, which spread disinformation. So this was our approach. Now we have the code under the legislation. And still we are extremely careful because the freedom of speech has to be protected. Last comment is the AI invasion into our lives and everything we do. We now keep two principles already in AI Act. Copyright has to be protected. Extremely important for the world of professional journalism. It's the first thing. And the second thing, Mr. Nobody, which is robot AI, does not have the freedom of speech. This belongs to the human beings as well as copyright. So we are very careful now in European legislation to make absolutely clear that the achievements of human beings, the rights of human beings, have to be protected now. And the AI has to take some limits. OK, so we should go a bit deeper into AI. But one of the things which came up earlier was this question about having journalists on the ground in different places. And increasingly we do seem to be living in an age of impunity where more and more journalists are being imprisoned, are being killed. The two of you are wearing, I stand with Evan, T-shirts. Emma, you've obviously been in the heart of that, having to deal with one of your employees being imprisoned in a very frightening way. Can you talk a bit about how what governments can do to actually recreate a safe space for journalism? Because that does seem to be one of the most fundamental ways of us getting news. It's such a massive issue, this, because Stalin, Russia, had journalists from the West operating not exactly entirely freely, but they were able to do their job. We now have a journalist who's entirely innocent. He was accredited by the Russian Foreign Ministry. He was doing his job and he's now behind bars. Now, and the really tragic thing, I think, is that this seems to be increasingly the case in more and more countries. So the idea of supporting a sort of free press is one that's definitely under threat. And the challenge for us is how do we, you know, the Wall Street Journal will never ever step away from its commitment to being on the ground, to covering the news where we can. But the safety of our journalists obviously has to come first. So we are getting very good at covering stories from outside the countries where they're happening, which is, frankly, how we have to cover Russia these days. There are other countries where we can't send our journalists. And I think that is a challenge for all of us. And, you know, because we rely on eyewitness accounts to really make sure we are getting to the truth. So it's a very grim trend. And as to how you reverse it, I don't know, because I think more regimes are cottoning onto the fact that this is something that they can do and they don't care. Can I jump on that? And it is terrible for the international news industry. It is even worse for local news industry. I mean, the war, the conflict in the Middle East is the single deadliest conflict in the history of journalism since it's been packed by the committee to protect journalists. You know, in across Latin America and Mexico specifically, the organized crime is just incredibly deadly for journalists as well, local journalists there. Hundreds of local journalists jailed every year all around the world. And so this is a... We are thrilled that it's getting so much attention. It is just everywhere. The safety issue is everywhere for journalists everywhere. And so I just want to stress that there are literally hundreds around the world. Meredith, do you want to talk a bit about AI? It's pretty difficult to walk down any corridor here without getting stuck into conversation about AI at the moment, changing everything in our lives. But this whole question of truth, I think, is one of the most fundamental challenges to truth. I'm happy to talk about it. And I want to pick up on just one wonderful thing you said. I saw you nod, Eva, which is that the truth is slow. I think the truth does. And this relates to AI. I think the truth does unfold in many cases slowly. Most big stories about very consequential things where the public really needs understanding and to know who to hold to account and for what. Take days, they take weeks, sometimes they take months. I'm guessing at the journal, I know at the times, many of the things we've done over years that have really been consequential to the world in our journalism, like, for example, the story about Harvey Weinstein by Jodie Cantor and Megan Tuhi that really played a big role in changing the world for women and unleashing the Me Too movement that took many, many, many months of work. So I just want to go back to the point that you mentioned copyrights. What all the news organizations, all the high quality journalism organizations we're talking about or doing is human led creative work that is extremely hard and complicated and requiring of experts to produce. And my comment on AI would be that I believe generative AI specifically presents the potential to reach many, many, many more people with our work to do it in more languages at greater speed and scale. And I think that is incredible. And I think that, and by the way, I could tell you across all the products at the New York Times, news journalism, games, recipes, shopping advice, sports journalism, all the different things that generative AI could do to make our business better and our business and our ability to reach people. And that has to coexist with the idea that there has to be fair value exchange for use of our content, use of our journalism in large language models, in tools, in the ecosystem. Great, thank you very much. So we've got about 15 minutes left and I'm very keen to bring in some of the members of the audience because we've got a very distinguished group of people from journalism, politics, all sorts of parts of business world. And so if people could put their hands up and I'll try and spot them as a gentleman at the back of here, if you can wait for the microphone, introduce yourself and make sure it's quite a short question so we can bring as many people in as possible. My name's Peter. Yeah, yeah, it's working. I notice it's not a public broadcaster here. So I've always thought that so I've always thought that public broadcasting, things like the BBC, is that they've got a non-commercial model and they actually do try to do a sort of a balanced view. Is that also part of the solution we're looking for? Great. Shall we take maybe a couple more questions and then come back to panel members? Who else would like to ask a question? It's a gentleman over here. AI. So my understanding is AI is just gathering all the data in history. How does AI distinguish truth from bunk, drum? OK, anyone else want to come in? It's a lady on this side. We could get a mic to her. Thank you. Another angle we haven't discussed is the youth and they consume news in a very different way than I do. So I'd love to hear your thoughts on that. Thank you. Great, fantastic. OK, so we have three questions. Vera, do you want to go first and maybe address this question of public broadcasting? I will go quickly through all three. I will be short, I promise. On BBC, well, I am watching, of course, what's happening around BBC. UK is unfortunately not in the EU anymore. But for the EU member states, so we put into the media freedom act some rules for the public service media to get sufficient financing and transparent processes for the people to lead this. And I think that this is something which follows the desire to have the golden griles on something stable and something reliable in each member state. The second thing, how does AI distinguish the truth? I don't know. But for us, what's worrying is the deep fake, which is misleading. It might be in my legal opinion qualified as a fraud. We have, I think, to follow also this line. And the use, I would leave it for the ladies. I have just two, the first and the third one. I think public broadcasting is one of the many models that we are looking at around the world. It is difficult to set up. It's expensive for a state, and a state needs to be well run to have a good public broadcaster. But I'll say that the public broadcaster in Ukraine is doing a wonderful job covering the war. And so it is a model that's hard, but one that can sometimes be replicated. It's just pretty rare around the world that it actually works. But it is definitely in the hopper. On the third, I mean, I think that we cannot ignore the fact that Gen Z gets their news from TikTok. And it's a really intimate and different form of media. Not a news site necessarily. But I say that one of the big things that hits there is we need to recognize that all this sort of intentional disinformation just amplifies crazy as misinformation and intentionally sharing false news. And it happens a lot. But in a really intimate way. And so I don't think we know how to handle it, but we definitely have to be working in that space. Yeah, I'd love to pick up on the youth question, make a comment or two about AI. But on your point about TikTok, I think it's something like some huge percentage of young people say, I get all my news on TikTok. 51% according to the lawyers. I looked at all different numbers this week. It's a huge percentage of people. And by the way, TikTok is awesome. I have a 12-year-old. I know how awesome it is. I think that a huge part of the answer is what is it that they like there? It's the multimedia format. It's everything about what you can do on TikTok. And I suspect, Emma, you'll say something similar. I can only give you this through an anecdote. A day or two after the Hamas attack happened on October 7th, Roger Cohen, who is the Paris Bureau Chief of the New York Times and has written for us for decades and is an expert on the Middle East, lands in Tel Aviv. And the first thing, this sort of esteemed journalist who's been around forever, who's not so young himself, does when he gets there is he makes a video of himself kind of coming into Tel Aviv and saying how still it is and how different it feels from the last time he's there and the darkness of the moment and the palpable way he can feel it. So what do I mean by that? You've got the journalist putting himself at the center of a piece of our journalism, very different from what the Times and the Journal would typically do in a newspaper fashion. Sorry, Emma, to speak for you, but I'm getting certainly very different from what the Times would do. That's one, two, you've got a man who has been doing journalism forever, actually just taking a selfie video as he would do if you were making a TikTok and our team adds some multimedia to that or even he's able to. And three, he's talking to you like a human being in a conversational voice and a lot of what I think news organizations need to do. And I think, Emma, you pushed on this is to talk in more casual ways about serious things with the weight and the authority, but a voice that doesn't feel like this is some nameless institution, but these are human beings actually coming to you. So I love that anecdote. And I think it's any suggestion that young people don't care about the news, the truth is so patronized, they do. But it's our job to make sure we're giving it to them in the form that they want to consume it. So your example is great. I mean, there's this wonderful girl on TikTok. I forget her name. She's 18 years old. She's got nails this long hair out here every day or every so often she gets up and she reads our articles from the Wall Street Journal that she loves. And she actually gets the print edition. This is what's so funny. And then she sort of translates it for a TikTok audience. She's an amazing person. That's gold. I want to hire her. I think we may already have reached out. Anyway, but the point is we have to respond to them. So perhaps they want their news in a different form. They certainly want it on a different platform. Perhaps they want news that's more constructive, news that offers them solutions rather than just endless problems. And I do also think there isn't, we need to do more to educate the young about the value of trusted news. I was in Germany before I came in, I was talking to some German journalists and they were telling me there's elections in Germany to regional elections in the East, there's some general sort of concern there. They've launched an initiative called Use the News, which is I think being rolled out in schools, which is telling young people about the value of trusted, independent news. I mean, there's no reason why we shouldn't be talking about this much more often to the young people in our lives. Because as I say, they care about it, they do. I'm gonna add one beat to that, if I may, which is we have to assertively explain to people. We cannot take it as a given that people can distinguish any people, especially young people, between independent journalism that comes from a posture of searching, not knowing that can exonerate a villain or interrogate a hero. We have to teach people that that is a process. What goes into that process, and it's not an ideology, it is a process for eradicating, just like medicine is a process, for eradicating bias where you can, because the human beings doing the journalists are gonna bring some of that to the table and you have to explain to people how that happens again and again. And honestly, the public deserves to know that. They deserve to, you said this, Emma, they deserve to understand, how did this journalism come to be? Who wrote it? Why should I believe them? What expertise do they bring to it? And another quick solution along those lines, against misinformation is the use of humor and satire. It works beautifully in this country. Yes, and games, and games. All of these things work beautifully and can get audiences where they live. OK, so next year we should have a game instead of a discussion. We still got time for one or two more questions if people want to ask. There's a gentleman over here, and yeah, just there with this. Hello, my name is Marcus Price. I'm working with ARD, German TV. So I'm working for a public broadcaster. I appreciate your statement, Vera Jurova. But how will the Commission navigate in the future if we see revenues and profits shrinking for the private companies and having strong public broadcasters who are a competitor in any case? So will you value this in the future? And the other question goes to Emma and Meredith concerning the fight against misinformation. If you have a lot of misinformation, do you see a fatigue to write about it? Because doing that, you also spread them again. So will you print all the news that's fit to print? Or will you write about all the news that were not fit to print before? Thanks. OK, time for one more question. Lady at the back. Great, thank you. Well, wonderful panel. My name is Dr. Rupa Dot. I lead the fastest growing women's movement in health called Women in Global Health. And it's wonderful to see this almost all women panel. And while we are really excited for this discussion as a practitioner myself and leading this global movement, we know misinformation is really affecting the health sector. It's breaking down the trust between providers and their patients and communities. And we are all hoping to move past the pandemic, but it still is a pandemic. What lessons have all of you learned that can be passed on to the wider society that's trying to really make sure facts get in front of people so that they can make the best health decisions? Thank you. Great. So we've got time, I think, for each of you to try and answer those questions as best you can. I can give a really short answer to that, which is you need. And I think it may get at your question. The only answer, in my opinion, is strong independent news gathering organizations that can reach many, many people with their work. That is the only answer. And on your question about AI, the information ecosystem will only be as good as the inputs. And in news, those inputs must begin with human news gathering, as Emma described. OK, Jean, do you want to go next? Just on the health information piece, the misinformation that was polluting that space is similar to that polluting the climate and environmental space. I just want to make a note for all the women in here that, in fact, gendered misinformation and disinformation is particularly undermining when it comes to expertise and a particular danger that news organizations need to think about all over the world. Any public-facing women are particularly vulnerable if they're scientists, if they're news organizations. So they're all sort of blended together. And that doesn't answer your question, but it does. You did highlight a really important issue. Great, thanks. Yeah, may I? COVID, we took very clear lessons from that. Because when we were in COVID, we wanted the platforms to offer privileged space for the health authorities to inform the people, to use the authority and to take care of the truth, which was known at that moment. You remember how hot it was. And I have to say, not all the health authorities were ready to do that. So the lesson is, each sector should take care of its evidence-based truth. Nobody else will do it. And it is mainly about the public authorities. Financing of the public service media, well, we put into the law that the public service media should have sufficient financing and predictable financing. So we were not precise. We didn't put three years ahead or something like that. Neither fees nor the direct public budget. We had to be more general. But now it's set in European stone that the public service media have to have the money. For the private media, my god, the situation is much more difficult because of the advertising money goes to the big tech space. So but you didn't ask about that. I don't want to steal time. OK, Emma. I would simply say that on misinformation, there's no silver bullet. But as we enter the next phase of disruption, we're going into it with our eyes open. It's not like the last phase of disruption where no one could have foreseen what social media was going to do to the public discourse. I really hope we have our eyes open. We know what the challenges are. I'm not entirely clear what the solution is. But at least we know that it's something we've got to confront. Great. Thank you very much. We're almost out of time. I should have introduced myself at the beginning. I'm the token man on the panel. I'm the director of the European Council on Foreign Relations. It's been an absolutely fascinating discussion. As I said at the beginning, this idea of defending truth does feel a bit like Mission Impossible. It's like Sisyphus trying to push a stone up, a rock up the hill. But I think the important thing about this discussion is that a lot of people want to keep trying. And as Albert Camus famously wrote in his essay on the myth of Sisyphus, Sisyphus was smiling. So I think that's a hopeful note to end on. But thank you very much. Maybe you can join me in thanking our brilliant... Thank you.


Hi you guys, I'm back and yes, I know it's been a while. So everyone knows it got flooded in Houston. My kids were home for a week because their school was closed. And like three days later, I realized I was, you know, I needed to go somewhere. And I've been using my husband's car because he's been home. And then I try to start my car and it won't start. So I think that it got too wet and like the computer and my car got messed up because my computer lies on the floor board that, you know, makes the car work. So I have to get a new car. Actually, I actually have to go meet someone right now to sell my car, you know, for what it's worth without running. And then I have to get that money, put it in my savings and then, you know, see what kind of car I can get. But that's a good thing because like I've been wanting a new car anyway, you know. So that's why I'm not too, you know, too, too upset. My car did have sentimental value because I did bring both my home. I mean, both my home, both my kids' home from the hospital in it. And, you know, that's, that's like memories and stuff. I've had that car forever, but now it's time for a new car. Yes. Plus I'm getting ready to move. So I'm going to have a new car, a new house. It's just going to be a good year for me. We're probably not going to move for about six months because our house has to be built. So we're going through that process right now. But yes, I'm sorry, I've been gone for a week. I think I will be covering topics. Actually, I want to actually talk about Lemonade by Beyonce. And I'm also going to do another breakdown video for that video on my other channel. So y'all look out for that. But yes, Beyonce called out her man for cheating.   And she was just like so upset and she wanted, you know, she expressed that in the video. So I'm just going to talk about that aspect of the video because she was trying to say, you know, a lot of women are mistreated, a lot of black men cheat no matter what, you can be Beyonce and still get cheated on.  Even though you did this, this, and that, our relationship is much more valuable than, you know, we're more valuable together than we are apart. I'm not going to let that, you know, get in the way of our relationship and we're going to try to rebuild and restart and renew. And a lot of women do this when their husband or boyfriend cheats, they will give them another chance. And usually after this third chance, if they don't learn, it's pretty much over. So she was basically warning him, look, you're going to lose your wife. She threw her ring. And everyone knows that when a big diva leaves her husband, there is some billionaire, foreign probably, waiting in the sidelines for her, okay? Everybody knows that. If she left Jay-Z tomorrow, she could get a billionaire the next day. No problem, like 10 times richer than Jay-Z. That's the funny part, and he knows that. And then his whole career would be ruined. Why? Because the man that cheated in this Beyonce, are you serious? He's going to get drugged through the dirt. His name's going to be trashed, you know. She's going to come out with somebody way richer.  So he can't leave her. So he has to get his act together, because she is airing his dirty laundry, and he has to co-sign it. Just to keep her. Now you know that takes a lot of humiliation, so. Anyway, if you haven't seen it, I have it on my Facebook page. It's on Beyonce Turkeys on Facebook, if you're looking for it. That's another group, I think. And yeah, y'all go check it out. It's really deep spiritually as well, and like I said, I'm going to break down the spiritual aspect of that video on my other channel, because this channel is not really in that direction. So I'm just going to break down the parts where the relationship parts. And why would Jay-Z want another woman? If you had Beyonce, I'll tell you why, because it gets routine, it gets boring. Like I said, remain mysterious, or your man is going to find something else, something different, something more interesting, something more mysterious. If you're always there, if you're always doing everything he asks, if you're always saying, oh, I love you, that's too much, women should back up and let the man chase them. Even after marriage, I keep telling people, the games don't stop when you get married. They start all over, okay?  So if you're always giving it up too easy, if you're always cooking, cleaning, doing, being the perfect wife and stuff, that's not enough. You have to have mystery about you. You have to give him something to chase. You need to challenge him in some type of way, because he's going to get bored real quick.  If you're always just calling him on the phone, texting him, saying, oh, I can't wait for you. That's cute and fun in the beginning, but after you've been married so many years, got kids, it's like blah. If you don't text your husband all day and he's wondering where you are and you're not giving him the information on every step you take.  So you have to remain mysterious. You have to be more into yourself. Women that are really into themselves, their husbands are always chasing them. Okay, if you ever notice that it's the materialistic, narcissistic women whose husbands are always chasing them in the marriage. Why? Because they still have not caught them. And that is the key. You cannot ever be caught even when you're married.  Your opinion, the husband's opinion is not number one. Okay, your opinion is number one. Then maybe your mom's, then maybe you're so thin here. You gotta, and guys, I'm sorry, but this is just how it works because men take things for granted too much and you can't give them that much power in your marriage. So you have to put them like third when you're trying to keep it mysterious. Now, if you're trying to get a man and you're not married yet, yeah, you gotta give him that attention. But when you've been married, things are old, he's had you, you've had his kids, things are just blah, every day is the same. You gotta give him a reason to think about you, to wonder about you, to want to text you to do this, this, and that, besides, oh, we're married.   Make yourself up every day. Don't let him come home, letting, seeing you like a couch potato with no makeup and sweats on. Look good when he gets home. And if he asks you where you've been, he's like, oh, I just been out running errands and stuff. Like he doesn't know.  Now he's gonna be like, well, what is she doing? I better text her tomorrow, just around lunch, you see what, you gotta keep him guessing. That is the game, always in marriage. I wake up every day, I put my makeup on, I do my hair, I put on an outfit, some jewelry. My husband don't know what I do during the day. I could be gone on the other side of town. I could be right here at my house. I could be doing anything, and that is the mystery. And the freedom that I have, and that's what keeps him interested because I have eight hours plus to do whatever I want during the day, okay? And everyone's in the wild, he'll text me, where are you, what you doing? Sometimes I'll answer, sometimes I won't. That's what you gotta do. It's all a game. And if y'all haven't learned that by watching Beyonce's Lemonade, y'all ain't never gonna learn. Games do not stop after marriage. They start and they get stronger, okay? So I'm just here to let y'all know I've been married for 10 years, 11 years, been with the same person for 15, 15 years, going on 16 years. So I know what I'm talking about, okay? He's still chasing me. He's still haven't caught me, and we've been married for a long time, I have two kids. You know why he has never caught me? Because I always let him know. I always let him know. That I could have better. And that might sound conceited, and that might sound crazy, and I know guys are gonna be like, but y'all not him, y'all aren't him, okay? Y'all don't have his thoughts in your mind. So y'all can't chime in on the conversation. But I've done lots of things to ensure that he's not going anywhere, believe me, and that he will always continue to chase me. And that's how it's always gonna be. And that's the good thing. So I will see you guys later. Don't forget to check out my other video, on my other channel. If I do it, I'll try to link it below. It's more of the spiritual aspect, you know? And I will see y'all later. All right, bye.


Thank you for staying with us. You're still watching the breakfast on plus TV Africa. It's time for a hot topic And this says at our committee inaugurated to probe CBN's Encore borrowers ways and means and joining us had a conversation is dr. Ibrahim Osinoa is a member at the APC presidential campaign council of 2014 2019 and 2023 good morning. It's a Brian. Thank you for joining us Good morning. Nice to see you guys. Good morning. Welcome to the program. Okay, so we're talking about an adult community being inaugurated first Nigeria's death profile is a lot. It has reason and it keeps rising every year year in year out, right? But then there's an adult committee that's now been inaugurated to you know Just check out our borrowing to ensure that the debt profile isn't going you know so much I want to believe but what do you think about the the setup of this community and it being inaugurated in the first place And do you think this can actually help? To combat the borrowing that we have that is so much in Nigeria Just just joining that taking into consideration the fact that the farmers that are supposed to even have this Money to borrow this money and do their farms and all that did not get to see the money at all But we still keep getting the money that we are saying we are giving to the farmers and it's not getting to them So would like your comment on it Okay Depth management system and governance is not actually a big deal, you know borrowing is allowed in any you know any, you know Democratic or in leadership setting What I've realized that is going on in Nigeria is that We always want to put blame on the present, you know leadership of the country However, governance is continuous I can agree with you that most of you know our leaders past leaders has borrowed You know recklessly on things that you know, not really really important in our country You know when you borrow on capital projects will grow on investments and the borrowing trickles down into the economy in terms of you know Addressing the or attacking the major sector that are lacking or deficit sector that are lacking, you know funding like agricultural Manufacturing power and rail system. These are, you know reasons coldest reasons why you can, you know, we can borrow However The committee that was set up By the National Assembly, I think it's it's it's a you know good, you know Peg in the right. Oh They have to look into the borrowing system. I don't really support borrowing recklessly, especially when we're even going into, you know A deep red reception reception in the country inflation is at all time high But I believe the leadership of the country is now is providing, you know some leadership to tackle these things, you know The committee let's wait for them. Let's see what they are coming up to do is a is a is a right You know thinking in the right direction Just to monitor what they are doing and ensure that, you know Any borrowing request from executive is Historical to nice. They have to check it. They have to look inward. They have to, you know, plan, you know Towards the future of this country. We're almost going to we have the budget of 28 trillion in our hands Are we borrowing they are we borrowing to fund the budget again? I read in the newspaper yesterday that, you know, the federal government has accrued almost 100 billion From MDAs and ministries, you know, these are things that will support the budget that will lower the You know, the borrowing part of the government, but generally speaking, you know, the Ministry of Agribusiness to look inward How are the farmers receiving the support from federal government? Are farmers equipment being subsidized? You know What are the security measures the government is providing for farmers in a rural community Like the north east, the north west, the north central, you know, we can be hungry in this in this country We have factor land You know, we have one of the best soil in the world We can grow anything from Benway to Nigeria from Nigeria to Jaws Jaws particularly has one of the best soil that can produce massive Different foreign fruits in this country that will handle foreign currency So we need to protect the farmers. We need to ensure that those farmers receive any budgeting funds that they have and that the government have for them We need to develop, you know Direct strategy on how to mobilize and support these farmers So I believe the government will come out as well as the minister of agricultural Senate, okay It's going to come out one of the fantastic, you know, module of, you know, funding these Rural farmer dwellers. So I believe the government will do one of the best, you know A funding process to ensure that those funds gets into the right hand and in the rural community For them to grow food for Nigeria A lot is going on in the country. I agree with you. People are hungry. Things are expensive But I believe that the leadership is working tirelessly, you know, to ensure that those farmers have funds to produce More crops for horse, more food for horse, you know, to feed in the country So concerning the The committee, uh, yes, it's a good. It's a good one. Let's see what they're going to come up with. Let's see.   Because uncle Borah's program was supposed to make the farmers Have money to plant by now. We should have been In abundance of food, but we we didn't get to see this money get to them and all that. That's why there is this probe Some of them sometimes they said that the farmers themselves borrowed the money and did not return or all kinds of things But the bulk of the farmers didn't see this money So, uh, so subsidy that you were talking that maybe the if they subsidized and all that a lot of farmers Didn't see at all, especially in the south. I don't know about it in the north But I especially in the south they didn't see at all. So if you were to recommend Uh, one of the things at least that will make This program a success in future because I'm not I'm not hoping that they are going to stop a program Maybe the name will change the dynamics will change and all that But what will you recommend that they do so that it would be a success? Um in 2015, let me let me quickly recap this in 2015 That was a commissioner in a state and I'm part of the what with professor Acu Acu Acu me uh the former the then minister for agriculture We're part of the team that was that was like the best that was That's a special opinion But that was like the best uh minister for agriculture that I remember because in his time Farm inputs and everything got to the villages that we never expected it will get to I don't know the experiences of other places But I know of my village which is very remote and things got to where they should go to So if we are using that as a yardstick, I don't know But after that we didn't see much about You do not allow me to you know, you know allow me to learn on my thoughts I needed to commend your time. I needed to commend your time You say you were part of it when he wasn't at the helm. That's why I said that I'm just trying to give you a simple background of you know, how you know leadership can be provided When it comes to where you are ready for leadership Leadership can be provided, you know, where you are In a position of authority to lead and the particularity seems, you know, enhancement of the country is one of the top Agenda of yours there you can perform. I'm giving you a background on Uh african leadership, you know summits and especially on agricultural revitalization and funding us at that time Most I think about 12 of us We're in angola. We're in the zambia Then singapore and the rest of it What are the human objecting? Our human objective back then was to ensure that we produce what we heat And we heat what we produce and how do we do all these things? The recommendation to fellow government at that time is that we need Farm community farm community in singapore means that each state we have a farm community Like a local government Becage for a community you have your primary care center there. You will have a police station there You have a primary school there. You have a secondary school there Farmers will produce in max.  What they will do is to fund The community the community will become an association The association will get the funds. They know their their members They know what their target the target the federal government will give them in a year or per season They will produce sell to the federal government Sell sell to the state government. They sell Sell subsidy to the to the to the farmers The federal government will send something to the farmers directly and I believe dr. Hugh me makes that works Most farmers as mobile numbers most farmers as mobile food Where they can get their transaction alerts where they can get tips and trainings, you know If a farmer has produced an essence of yam two bars for instance, you can have the off-takers From anywhere in the state From another community And at that time you realize that a lot of people are shipping yams yam two bars outside the country A lot of cassava is where you know being produced locally and farmers are happy I believe we can go back to that. I believe this administration can also do very very very well in terms of You know ensuring that those funds those subsidies gets to you know farmer. I understand what's going on The lack as an institution tried its best, but the best is not enough in terms of you know Supporting the agricultural and agribusiness in this country. It has been you know a calamity Where the Nigeria population of over 250 million could not produce what we eat So I believe the government has a lot of things to do in agricultural sector. I have you know You know, you know scrutinize the budget of minister of agri And I can see that the vision the president has a very big vision for minister of agri Now the next place is implementation What are they putting forward? What are the risk analysis? What are the enterprises model of dispatching funds to the farmers? How are the farmers getting these funds? Then at the same time don't aim that when you give farmers funds They have to pay you back in cash is not necessarily so you can give them funds and they pay back improved produce I don't know if you understand what I mean the payback in produce That's when the federal government need to have what we call the food bank The food bank means that if there's going to be a central food bank in aqua even for instance Where most of the community and farmers can go and sell If they don't have off the can they can go back and repay their loan through this product to the federal government Anywhere in the world go to Canada go to uk Any soft little farmers the aim and objective of the of the government is not to recover the funds They can recover the funds through so many things when you have excess food in the population It will naturally reduce inflation It naturally reduce unemployment It naturally reduce a lot of things You know, uh for citizenry. So I believe that this government needs to do more This was prime minister of agri but what needs to do extraordinary Um, I give it to those to my dear friend at the governor of um, Niger states Yeah, he's doing it fantastically when in terms of forecasting what the future holds. He's just imported Almost about 200 2000 tractors tractors is not enough. That's a good start. But tractors is not enough If you have 2000 tractors, who is going to use them? What section of agricultural produce are the targeting? What is the land? You know Max community are you building? Who is going to fund these farmers when you fund them? How do you monitor them? What are the risk implications of this, you know, farming process the equipment What are the management and maintenance process are you, you know, giving out to them? Yes, John Deere is doing fantastically well. But Nigerians always carry the way with all these, uh, John Deere, John Deere when you go to Ghana for instance, John Deere has not performed credibly well Most of their products, they don't have a good maintenance. So I will advise Nigerian government to have various chains of, you know agricultural, you know Mechanized agricultural manufacturers who produce so many equipment like other stars like a grillers like a preservation machines and the rest of this When you produce tomato, you have to preserve them when you produce, you know Uh Okay, all right It's yes Okay, thank you. It's it's good that we can put a face It's good that we can put a face to one of the people who made it happen because I've always said it that in the time of our Kiwumi additional Things really worked. Well, I hope that the government will go to that template and even make it better now But uh, unfortunately, we've run out of time. We'd like to thank you for being a part of the program today We always welcome. Thank you so much. Thank you guys. Yes All right, even speaking with dr Ibrahim Osino is a member of the apc presidential campaign Council of 2014 2019 and 2023 and we've just been talking about the adult committee That has been inaugurated to prove the syrians anchor borrowing ways and means We'll go on a short break and one return really can add up next hot topic. Please stay with us


Welcome to Toffy TV. It is the Footie Show daily. Now do we have some more clarity after the weekend of when the Premier League is going to start? It's an odd one this because it depends on who you listen to over the weekend. You either feel like the Premier League is very, very close to coming back or isn't coming back at all. It depends on what you listen to but certainly from the point of view of I suppose the football clubs it does seem like there are definite plans in place and I think some teams have even retaining this week to come back to training. Yeah, Arsenal Westam and Brighton I think it is have all gone back today. Or be it there's still some social distance and measures in place for them but the training with the training ground. Not using the buildings, they're just using the pitches, spaces between them and doing, they've got their own ball and stuff like that. I suppose potentially that's a way of doing it if you're maintaining your distance but you're right, there was stuff over the weekend I think you were saying before. Gary Neville was saying he doesn't see how it can because he's got the messages he's receiving for his hotels and his restaurants, they're very different than what's being put out for football but for me football will be viewed very differently anyway. We've already seen Formula One, I've said this season starting in July. The Bundesliga is still going for a May the 9th. Returning to football they started training last week or a week before. So there's some sport and events that are beginning to put themselves in place. Just numbers that won't be really. Well they are but I mean the Bundesliga is saying May the 9th. May the 9th is very close to 27th of April today. So you're talking what, 12 days? That seems... That to me seems bizarre. It's not realistic to me. This is what they're saying. Until that happens then yeah obviously there'll be obviously being there of course. We're still in the midst of this thing at the moment which is what I think a lot of people are kind of going, there's no way this can happen but I think there's two. There's kind of like two things going on here. One thing is we said this last week like the moral side of it and you know not enough PPA and people are still dying of alarm and rate and the rate of infection. Okay the rate of infection is no.9 now isn't it below 1. So every person you come into contact you'll infect less than one person. That's what they needed it to be. But then people are still infected everywhere so there's that side of it and then you have to like almost draw a line there and go and then there's like football which will be viewed totally different than this side. It will, it'll be tested differently, it'll have tests. Rightly or wrongly people can be outraged on social media all at once. We can sit there and go it's a disgrace that footballers will be tested but nurses may not be. It's bizarre that thing you think of it in your mind. But they will be. I just think it's a big distraction. Tachdych personally. What way are you sitting at the moment? Do I think it should come back? No. Do I think it will come back? Yes. I do think it's a lot easier to put stuff out there. I mean the Grand Prix one to me just sounds utter nonsense. But it moves country to country. How can they honestly say that in this country it's going to do one thing unless it's going to go lad so just put it on like a couple of tracks. So for that I just find that to be utter nonsense. I think the Premier League will have something in place and I think that they want to try and gather momentum but I find with all this I find it all to be just so poor on detail in terms of like an exit strategy and over the weekend we've had exit strategies from other countries and they might be a bit further down the line. I just feel like it's a bit like once you start pushing the notion out there with it being almost like Chinese whispers and I think that's what they're trying to create is that that just makes people feel like life's getting back to normal and like you just said I don't think life is getting back to normal because it's great having all these numbers saying oh the infections are low, the infections will be low because people aren't meeting each other but that doesn't mean that the minute you not create normality but people feel like there's some normality that infections will just go back up again. I just think they've got to be very very careful about almost like making it feel like things are going back to normal. But I think the government have criticised the government and rightly show for some of the stuff that's gone on but I mean seeing something today Boris Johnson said he can't come out of lockdown regardless of the pressure that people are saying right we need to get back to normal now because of the economy, the economy. It's about people's lives. What you would hope is that while lockdown is there big chunks of this fire is a dying off that's what you're hoping for because people aren't meeting each other and once people are infected have gone through that incubation period and there will still be carriers who might still have it and we don't know enough about the virus still to know whether or not it does die off after three or four weeks and then it's gone. Obviously what we're really trying to do is just buy time for these vaccinations or for treatments even maybe not even vaccinations but seeing something at the weekend on Friday it might have been a red something a Warrington hospital have changed some of their ventilators and have used stuff that you usually use for sleep apnea and it's got rid of it in two days. No but that's not, I don't think that's got rid of it I think that's just a ventilator day that's how they deal with the shortest ventilators and that's all great I've got no problem with that there's a lot of different talk going on about but I think that's the problem is that I think what it does is for me it feels almost these conversations and it's a way of trying to regain control but what I see at the same time is like that's great but wouldn't those conversations be better if they were actually in an actual plan at some point and I think it's been don't get me wrong you don't want to run before you can walk so you've got to have things in place I just feel like what I mean by that is that you're trying to keep things quiet but you know that they're leaking stuff at the same time Well we've got a project restart it's called I've got the laptop here because the story's on it Premier League ramps up plans for resuming season Plans to resume the Premier League season will step up this week in what has been labelled project restart Arsenal, Brighton and West Ham all opened their training grounds to players for individual work on Monday the league is hopeful of a potential junior eighth restart finishing at the end of July and that fits in with European competition UEFA's European competition plans this means that full training begins on the 18th of May for Premier League teams there's a meeting on Friday of top flight clubs which has happened before Premier League's been suspending since 13 March there's 92 fixes still left to play all games will be held behind closed doors there's talks ongoing about making them available free to air one issue under debate on Friday will be what approved stadiums will be used and whether there'll be a limited number of grounds or neutral venues so what's still getting floated around is people aren't going to play their home games which is mad first of all however a return to your action still depends on the government's fire test being met especially in increasing testing also hinges on the conclusion reached by regular cross sport meetings of senior medical officials discussing the health protocols for competing behind closed doors the move was described by a source closer to the plans as a quickening of pace and intended to help resume sport within weeks Dominic Rapp said on Sunday amateur sport won't return this summer due to the level and scale of interaction but professional sport may be able to return because of the scale of testing that will be introduced so when that kind of language starts getting used from me it's that they are they've got the plan they know what they're working towards it's going to be the only thing my criticism of it and it is a criticism because like you said before the morality side of it it shouldn't even be it's a game of football, it's a sport so it's irrelevant almost but the other thing is is it just what is the motivation I know what the motivation is is just creating this game on neutral territory to have all these games now it's going to be like a football bonanza there's 92 games there that need to be played are we talking a 3 o'clock kickoff and a 7 o'clock kickoff in the same venue with a turn around because we know that that venue is being deep cleaned and those players can go in and whatever or is there a couple in between two games between a game sorry so it's going to be 10 venues then and how does if it is some particular venues and I've heard and you'd think you'd think it would be new venues so go to some I wouldn't imagine would ever be considered it's too old it's got it's not a bright and shiny thing so then where's Everton's advantage so if Everton are playing I'm trying to think of a team well we've got Ben OK let's say we play no but I'm thinking of like let's say we play I'm trying to think of one of out of way games one of out of way games yes spare spares is going because they've got a new stadium do spares play their game at home if they're one of the stadium things or do teams who play their home games do they play their home games somewhere else so they don't get a home advantage because no one else is getting a home advantage these are the things that I think I'm thinking about like so I've seen in Man City's grounds Etihad did they play their games at the Etihad well I've seen something saying about St George's Park on the show pit so there's no stands on there there's just a show pit isn't there so there's like a little stand but what I mean is there's a show pit so it's just going to be essentially on a field in the middle of St George's Park so it's that do you know what I mean it's like almost like I've seen people saying if we can't have the fans then we shouldn't be able to bother with it there's no way football is going to go there might be a vaccine till January and that's being like optimistic so we won't play 40 till next year that's not going to happen it's an industry that needs to be playing no but at the same time it's that though and I agree it has to come back without fans because like you've just said if it comes back in if we don't get this vaccine or we're not progressing towards a vaccine but I go back to what I've just said how is a competition that starts with one set of rules able to finish with another set of rules you wait for a token or fee for a token bringing in five subs so an additional two subs an additional two subs so that if we've got a lot of games in a short time players aren't getting fatig well how does that fit in with what I mean is is we've had a competition so far and we've gone past the halfway stage so I always think well at least if you if you have to change a rule that rule would come in halfway through or whatever now you're talking about a different set of rules you're talking about no fans you're talking about no home advantage you're talking about changing the number of subs like I've just said there I know home advantage is more important when you've got fans there but they are a home they get that feeling of being a home you know these are the things that worry me for it to be a for it to be a sort of you know a competent competition yes if it restart the people will get the two wins and they will be the champions fine but what about the teams at the bottom what about the likes and knowledge you really need that home advantage villain you need that home advantage home for the european places need that home advantage that crabby and that roar to keep them going where the club that need it these are the things to me that that I just think don't make it a fair competition well if we bin it which is an option the biggest indicator that that could happen happened in holland on last Thursday of friday they said friday I think it was it's done no champions I actually were going to well you would have said but probably I'll talk with alchmar day enough champions no relegation the league just would restart again in september they've said as this season didn't exist almost right so is that is that really what well that's not going to happen and the reason it's not going to happen is because in holland so many of the clubs said to the league you decide it and the league said they're like we'll decide it what's going to happen in this country clubs would not leave up to the premier league to make that decision no no but what if we run out of what if simply just run out of time and what I mean by that is every day that goes by and no decisions made when it can be it's all very well the other side to it is it's all very well clubs going right come back to train and come back to finch farm come in don't go in the building don't get your car, socially distance go over to there and there's take a ball and off you go and we'll do training and I can call on to you whilst you're standing on my own and I'll direct you to do different things you know I've shot some here to go keep it and still save them because you're mad but if there's no if there's no way that those matches can be played what's the point in socially distancing and training if when the minute that game starts you don't social distance what's the point I'm not being funny if you're training so does a decision get made in a couple of weeks where they go right lads the rules are slightly changed obviously you can all train together you've had your two weeks training and now do you know what I mean I think what needs to happen is is we need to know by the end of the week what's going on like if there's a plan like May is me this week so stop stop leaking stuff through the media and come out and just say right we've got a plan and this is what we're going to do for the next two weeks players will train in the training grounds but all separate they'll do their individual work and basically that's to climatise them back to a training ground and get themselves and they'll go home and then they come back that's getting themselves two weeks sorted and they'll be individually tested two weeks we get the balls out we're all in it and then three weeks later we're starting whether that be June the 8th around there that seems to be the date needed and this is the plan and I think like I said many times I think when you're in a certain moment you are thinking about that moment you don't know what's going to be here next week of course we don't I just think that this week we just need to have a plan because that's what other countries a little bit further down the line are doing now but I think that's what we need and then we can all start coming to terms with what's going on because I just think at the moment there's just too many voices coming from all different places that have got all individual ways of looking at it and motivations as well you know going out Liverpool obviously or Gary Neville saying the opposite of course so as I said I have no personal problem with it restarting and Liverpool winning league I'm not asked it doesn't that's not my motivation of not seeing Liverpool winning honestly I've known since September they were going to win it, it's not a big thing for me now so let's just find a way sorry let's just find a way to just say this is what we're doing rather than oh this is what we might do no get a plan together if you've got a plan and tell the public is it safer though to just say it's done when we're starting this September and then what that does then is it gives the world four months to be further down the line but what if we get to mid June and everyone's like we're back to normal no no listen I'm not arguing with you but what if we are we get to this June not back to normal what if different people are starting to go back to different kinds of jobs and maybe like Germany's playing and they're playing behind closed doors maybe Italy's playing and then that's where people our teams can start preparing for the next season yeah well that's fair enough I know the biggest thing is being Italy because I think I said last week on this they said immediately they weren't finishing it immediately and now we're talking about June the 2nd and you're like because even though we will be further along and we'll be like relaxing lockdown I mean no one knows how that's going to go that's what I'm saying if you said I don't think measures will be lifted on May the 7th because to me it doesn't make sense next week to just lift the measures if you then said there's another three weeks lockdown that takes you to the end of May I'm not saying it will but I'm saying if they did and it got to the end of May that's given breathing space for this pandemic to no no I'm just so everything by then you would expect it down here because people who've been with people to know what it means we should be right down here then let me just say this before we get finished right I think a big problem with all of this is how actually our media is reporting this on yesterday Saturday sorry the death went up again so like over 800 right I've seen a terrible horrible story yesterday on Twitter that I shared with you about someone who works for Southampton and this guy he's literally a gorilla in the matter of days and passed away someone in his 30s with a 5 month year old baby and I thought but over the weekend we had these stories of like life's getting back to normal and it's like it's not who said he was getting back to normal because of the 400 people that's what I'm saying it's like there's this narrative of oh we're over the west now it's fine and yet but in other countries it gets played through the media because we don't we're not pushing these people and yet in other countries people are looking at our country going how many people are dying in your country but in our country it's like oh it's we're all back to normal and we need to give a few people a tell enough because they went to the park no it's like if we that's what I'm saying it feels like it feels like people are like oh come into dying I feel like there's more cars on the road and that's what I'm saying it feels like people are just like oh we're bored of this well you get bored because the message is slacking off and people are starting to talk about getting back to normal I feel like that's one of the big issues is the media and not the media are like oh this is fine and they're doing a great job and it's like whatever the job they're doing whatever right but it's not getting back to normal people are still dying in massive numbers and people are getting told who have passed away could be they're saying 20,000 yet it's probably more close to 40,000 so I think we need to get a bit of a grip on this and start and that's where the messaging is so important for me to come out and say what you're doing but say it in a way that's not little bits in papers that have been leaked to people you're going to do it come out and say what you're doing properly and get it down and then we'll all be like well that's the point in the future we're heading towards that now I think they're just trying to trip feed people so that when they do come out and go bit tune the 8th people go I will be there that message to know what I mean but I might be wrong I'm just but I think that's what it is but I just feel like you've been treating people for weeks but is that to try to show people that we will get there there is light at the end of the tunnel I'm not saying it's right I said last week they should be centreising everything to make the people go but psychologists in to actually show them how to talk to people because they don't seem to be getting the message right at the moment so there you go let us know your thoughts when do you think it should come back how do you think the Premier League are handling it and do you think it's right it should come back at all and as we mentioned that's not just because of riding a model way but right because neutral grounds is everyone going to be playing at neutral grounds are people going to be playing their own games what's the plan if it is late August September it's not going to be neutral grounds then that's a question from another day no I'm just thinking out loud flip the things it's mad let us know your thoughts in the comments don't forget give this video a like subscribe if you haven't already and if you want more great videos the link is in the description see you later


I was a graduate student here at Cal and first year in social psychology, and the culture of social psychology is find a topic that people don't think can be studied scientifically and do it scientifically. So during that year it happened to my great fortune that I fell in love, actually I fell in love with Elaine Aron who I've been living with and collaborating with my wife for many many years since then. So what happened is, we fell in love and I looked for research on it since I was in love and there was hardly any and I said here's my topic. Studying love scientifically, brain imaging, lab experiments gives us a deep understanding of how love works and love is central to human life. It is the biggest predictor, relationship quality is the biggest predictor of human happiness more than wealth or success and it's a huge predictor of health. How long will live is predicted more strongly by your relationship quality than by smoking or obesity. We're confident that this procedure of answering 36 questions that gradually get more and more personal that both people answer as well as a few other items in there like saying what you have in common, things you like about the other, that when you do these things you're going to feel closer to the other person. Now does that make falling in love? It could contribute to it. The point of falling in love is feeling a connection. Certainly if many other things are in place and this happens, it could be the straw that breaks the camel's back. We know these 36 questions get people closer. That can facilitate falling in love. If this is an appropriate person for you, probably good to facilitate falling in love. If they're not, you have to be careful. They could reject you, they could not be a good partner for you. The relationship research I've done over the years that I'm proudest of, the earliest one is what we call the arousal attraction effect.  A second one is when you're in a long-term relationship after a few months doing things that are exciting, challenging novel with the partner sort of reinvigorates that sense of love and excitement. Third thing is we've identified the parts of the brain that become active when you are thinking about or looking at a picture of someone you're intensely in love with. Something that shows up even in very long-term couples that are very intensely in love. Finally of the major things is what we call including other in the self. When you're in a close relationship with someone, they become part of who you are.  This is true in all close relationships.


One of the main selling points of FRP composites is that they combine low weight with high strength and relatively high stiffness. It is time to give some numbers to back up this statement. In this video we are going to compare the mechanical performance of FRPs to that of traditional building materials. So how is the performance of FRPs in terms of stiffness and strength? And how light is lightweight, actually? We will compare with concrete and steel, but also include the lightweight metal alloys of aluminum and titanium. Let's first consider stiffness. We will plot the stiffness versus density to classify the different materials. The plot is in log-log space so that we can cover different orders of magnitude in the stiffness. Our ideal material is going to be located in the top left corner. Low weight and high stiffness. We start by placing steel and concrete. Steel has a density of almost 8000 kg per cubic meter and a stiffness of 210 GPa. The stiffness of concrete lies between 30 and 40 GPa at a density of 2400 kg per cubic meter. Aluminum alloys are approximately two times more stiff than concrete at almost the same density while titanium lies somewhere in between aluminum and steel. Now let's put some ingredients of FRPs in this chart. Glass fibers have a density that is comparable to concrete and aluminum and a stiffness that is somewhat higher. The Young's modulus of glass fibers lies around 70 to 80 GPa. Carbon fibers are lighter than glass fibers with a density around 1800 kg per cubic meter and carbon fibers have a stiffness that is higher than steel at 230 to 350 GPa. To be fair, I should say that the values shown here are for the stiffness in axial direction. Aluminum fibers have different stiffness in different directions. The axial direction is the stiff direction but also the most relevant one. Carbon is close to our ideal material, stiffer than steel, lighter than aluminum. The properties of glass are also good. However, these values are for the fibers only. Fibers have to be combined with a matrix material to form a material that can be used for structural applications. In FRPs, the fibers are combined with a polymer matrix. The polymers that are used, epoxy, polyester, maybe a thermoplastic like peak, are all very light with a density between 111280 kg per cubic meter. But their stiffness is also much lower than any of the other materials in our chart. So FRPs, for FRPs to have a good stiffness, we must have a high fiber content. The composite stiffness is obviously going to be lower than the stiffness of the fibers. The good news is that the weight will also be lower, especially for GFRP with the heavier glass fibers. This is not the end of the story. These properties are for unidirectional FRP composites that have low stiffness and strength in the direction perpendicular to the fibers. To mitigate this weakness, laminates are made, layered structures with different fiber direction in the different layers. Depending on the application, the fiber distribution can be UD dominated or it can be such that the laminate has equal properties in all directions. This last extreme is obtained with a quasiisotropic layup. If we also include the quasiisotropic layup in the chart, we see that the performance is less impressive. For a real FRP design, the stiffness in primary load carrying direction can be in between the UD and the quasiisotropic values. A stiffness in one direction that is higher than the quasiisotropic one is going to have negative consequences for the stiffness in other directions, which will be even lower than the quasiisotropic value. One more point of attention is that the out of plane shear stiffness of laminates remains low irrespective of the fiber orientation in the layers. In any case, there are no fibers in the direction of this shear stress. If we remake this chart for strength, the relative location of the metals is similar. With a strength of 370 to 770 MPa for steel and 200 to 414 for aluminum. The strength of concrete, even the compressive strength which may go up to 90 MPa, is significantly lower than that of the metals. The polymer matrices that we use have a strength in the range of 40 to 80 MPa. Accounting for the low weight, that is already good. The fibers are performing really well when it comes to strength. Both glass and carbon have a much higher strength than the classical engineering materials, at 2700 to 5000 MPa. When combining fibers and polymer, the strength that can be reached in UD FRP is still higher than that of steel at 1 to 3000 MPa. So for strength, the comparison between FRP composites and traditional materials is more favorable than for stiffness. However, here too the material behavior is directional. The UD material is weak in transverse direction. In multidirectional laminates, the strength is lower than in the UD material. In all cases, the interlaminar strength remains low. Moreover, we have been looking at tensile strength. The compressive strength of FRPs is typically lower than this tensile strength. So we end up with a range of strength values. Moreover, strength is not the complete story when it comes to failure. The utility of composites is often poor, which makes it difficult to exploit this high strength fully. In conclusion, FRP composites are indeed light. Much lighter than steel. The stiffness of GFRP is lower than steel, similar to concrete, but the strength can be higher. It is important to realize that both strength and stiffness can be optimized by playing with the fiber direction, although this always comes at the expense of the performance in other directions. And no matter how the laminate is designed, the out-of-plane performance remains polymer dominated.