Zero Accounting Software 2023 Adjusting Entry Related to Depreciation Get ready to become an Accountant Hero with Zero 2023 First a word from our sponsor Well, actually these are just items that we picked from the YouTube Shopping Affiliate Program But that's actually good for you Because these aren't things that we're just given to us from some large corporation Which we don't even use in exchange for us selling them to you These are things that we actually researched purchase and use ourselves Focusrite Scarlett solo third gen usb interface with software suite I've been using a focusrite for years for my audio needs before which time I had a usb microphone Which plugged directly into the computer But I think you'll find as I have found if you want to increase the quality of your microphone You will need an interface and the focusrite is to go to interface as far as I'm concerned I've been using this for years now. It works. Well, it's easy to use. It seems quite durably built Because I only do the screen recordings. I only need the one solo interface However, if you have multiple microphones, you need to plug in or if you have other Instruments, you need to plug in you can look at a similar model that has more input ports If you would like a commercial free experience consider subscribing to our website at accountinginstruction.com Or accountinginstruction.thinkific.com where we have many different courses You can purchase one at a time or have a subscription model given you access to all the courses Courses which are well organized have other resources like excel files and pdf files to download and no commercials Here we are in our custom zero home page going into the company file We set up in a prior presentation get great guitars We're going to duplicate some tabs to put reports in like we do every time Right click in the tab up top and then we're going to duplicate it Right click in the tab up top again. We're going to duplicate it again Back to the tab to the middle accounting drop down We want to open the balance sheet looking at a comparative balance sheet if you don't have the comparative one You can open the normal one We'll tab to the right accounting drop down this time the income statement same thing We're opening a comparative one, which if you don't have you can open the standard income statement Back to the tab to the left. We're doing adjusting entries for depreciable assets property plants and equipment fixed assets whatever you want to call them Noting adjusting entries happen as of the end of the period either month or year for us It's the end of the month of february. That's going to be our Cut off date. They typically have a balance sheet account and an income statement account related to them and don't usually have cash related to them Depreciation is a standard classic adjusting entry now if I go down to depreciation notice We have a similar concept for it as to why we need to do an adjusting entry as with the prepaid expenses Like prepaid insurance which we did in a prior presentation However, there's an added twist when we go into the fixed assets because we have this other account We deal with accumulated depreciation And we usually record depreciation expense not like fixed asset expense or equipment expense. So first Why do we do it? Why do we have to record this a cruel kind of concept? Why can't I just expense the depreciable assets when I purchase them? And you might first think that it's because maybe you financed the equipment Maybe you bought a building and you financed it with a loan and therefore you couldn't expense it on a cashed based system But no that's not the reason Whether we financed it or not We would still want to put it on the books as an asset and depreciate it In the same fashion no matter how you know how we paid for it through financing or not And the reason is of course if we go to the if I go to the income statement and I put a 100 thousand dollar Building that I purchased in january and compared it to february Then it would look like january was a very bad month because we would have an extremely large loss In comparison to february. So the comparison is wrong. We want to have a matching principle So that we can have comparative performance months. Therefore, we put it on the books as an asset Even if you're in a cashed based system By the way, even if you're trying to be a cashed based system in the united states for income tax reporting purposes You will still be forced by the tax code to put it on the books as an asset Because it's such an extreme Deviation from the ideal of basically an accrual based method which an accountant would think is more of the ideal way to be reporting and The cashed based method which is often easier Which is why oftentimes We try to go with a cash based method if there's not a big, you know difference between the two But there is a big difference. That's why we have to put it on the books as an asset So then once it's on the books as an asset We're going to expense it periodically at the end of the month or the year in a similar fashion We did with the prepayments like prepaid insurance. However We have an an added twist here and that is that we usually make another account For the decrease So now we have what we call a contra asset account An account that's an asset, but it actually decreases the assets to contra asset bringing the asset balance down Why do we do that? Why don't I just decrease the furniture and fixture directly as we did with the prepaid insurance because the idea is That we are consuming a part of the furniture and fixture And we want to allocate it to the income statement in the same period We consumed it in a similar fashion as we did with the prepaid insurance And one reason is because it's an estimate. It's just an estimate the furniture and fixture didn't go away We can't see it like being removed exactly We're just estimating and allocating the cost of the fixed assets over what we estimate to be its useful life So one way we can determine and show that it is an estimate is by making another account and say hey Look, this is what we purchased it for 98,000 and this is what we are depreciating or have depreciated to the year to date as of this point in time This is the book value Which if we did an ideal process would match the fair market value However, it's not going to because it's just an estimate and then the other side will be called depreciation expense on the income statement Now there is debate oftentimes as to whether or not we should record fixed assets on a fair market value versus A depreciated asset and and it's still you know, you can go on either side of that kind of argument Note that when you have something like investments up top like investments in stocks There's a more legitimate argument to say I should record the investment in stocks at fair market value instead of at cost or adjusted cost and the reason there is because If your stock is traded on the public stock exchange Then you know how much the stock is worth at any given time Because other stocks which are exactly the same are trading at that same point in time Whereas a building for example Although it might go up in value instead of down in value, which is what we're doing when we allocate the depreciation We don't we haven't really locked that in for number one because we haven't sold it and number number two We don't really know what happened to any particular building because it's unique in nature So we can't really we can't really depend on the market We have to do estimates and once you once you let in estimates Then of course there's pressure for people to manipulate whatever the estimates are on the property and whatnot So those are kind of arguments on why you might have a depreciated cost versus a fair market value Kind of system now in the united states We also have to deal with with this accumulated depreciation for income tax reporting So that means that we're going to have a separate schedule for depreciation based on tax depreciation and tax depreciation Is quite different than what you would do for normal depreciation oftentimes because they often put in accelerated depreciation and whatnot To try to manipulate or stimulate or whatever they want to call the economy So that means that the sub ledger For furniture and fixture is often not worthwhile to kind of track Within the accounting system in this case within zero Because you're going to have to track it again anyways In the tax software in order to get the tax depreciation And the tax software once you have all the data in there you might as well use it to also calculate book depreciation So in the united states we have this question of Do I want to keep my books on just tax depreciation? Which might be easiest for small companies or do I want to have a depreciation for book that is different from taxes? Which means that i'm going to have to run two different depreciation schedules using hopefully the same tax software And and then get the information from the tax software as the sub ledger in order to do my adjusting entry here So in other words we're net we don't have a sub ledger in zero oftentimes If that's the method we are using as we do when we're looking at a perpetual inventory system with inventory Or accounts receivable when we look at the report by customer It's similar to the inventory system where we have another sub ledger if you were tracking inventory outside of zero And doing a periodic inventory system. That's kind of what we're doing here with the fixed assets We have a ledger that's going to be in the tax software That we're going to use to do the calculations now. Here's just an example of what one might look like and So that means also on the on the zero side of things What you like to do is is put everything into zero in such a way that the categories will be the same as whatever Your sub ledger will be which means you want to talk to your tax professional If you're in the united states And see what does one of the accounts for the sub ledgers because they they break out here to furniture and fixture And machinery and equipment. So that's why When I enter my information in here, we put the fixed assets in in the grouping of furniture and fixtures And then equipment instead of choosing like furniture and equipment or something like that you could do that But that's going to make things more complicated You would like to have it tie into the sub ledger And then you have an option also Of in your bookkeeping breaking out a relative Depreciation account which ties out to each category of fixed assets, which we did here We don't see one here because we haven't reported anything to it yet Or you can have one account for Accumulated appreciation which ties out to all of your fixed assets I tend to like to match whatever is on The the sub ledger So i'm going to i'm going to break out my accumulated depreciation And the same grouping and have a separate accumulation Cumulated depreciation account per grouping in our case furniture and fixture and the machinery and equipment Now the the next thing to note is that this report is quite complex There's a lot of detail to it and you've got to you've got to have different reporting for each of these Uh items so you might say that's quite overwhelming to do However, it's not really that bad as long as you do it properly as you go Because all the stuff that's that's goes in here from prior periods Is is not going to change when you buy a building the building will just stay there For multiple years Therefore you don't really have to do anything if you get the building on the books properly to start off with because then It'll just calculate the depreciation going forward And all you have to do when you adjust things going from zero to the sub ledger Is to get the detail the things that you added to property planting equipment And the things that you removed from property planting equipment and there shouldn't be too many of those things Because we don't record things to property and plants and equipment all that often Right. We only we only record some things During the year now when you give this information to the accountant To put into the sub ledger or when you're putting it into the sub ledger What you do not want to do Is group everything together like if I grouped all this stuff together As just one lump sum because I bought it from the same place and I just called it furniture and fixture That will be a problem not when I put it on the books But when I take it off the books if I sell one thing Like my coffee table or whatever Then I won't be able to easily sell it In accordance with the depreciation schedule because I grouped them all together So so you want to make sure and you also want to make sure that you can find the coffee table So any kind of reference numbers That you can put into your sub ledger Which will allow you to identify the actual piece of furniture and fixture In the future when you sell or dispose of it so that you can properly dispose of it on your sub ledger becomes important and again It's one of those things that you want to build right you want to The the adage is major twice cut once get it right the first time Don't try to tinker with it And until you get it right you got to get it right the first time because that's going to save you trouble in the future When you start to get this long Schedule and you're trying to identify what stuff you still have and what stuff has been removed All right That's that is that now also note that zero has this really neat edit layout tab over here Which allows us to group Our our fixed assets so you can see that's what one of the things we did with our adjusted trial balance is We put our fixed assets and we grouped our fixed assets Uh into these groups, which is really cool flexible thing that zero has More far more flexibility with that tool than other software Like quickbooks online, which has a a sub account kind of method, which isn't quite as flexible as that all right So now we're just going to do our entries according to our sub ledger You might get the sub ledger like at the end of the year because if you're doing it from taxes It's going to record it on a yearly basis and I could then you know try to estimate it for A month by just dividing it by 12 for example Uh, and again, you might you might have a tax based one as well as a book based one if you're working with tax software Okay, so i'm going to take this so this is the the furniture and fixture for the year 14 14 001 i'm going to divide it by 12 that would be 1166 75 would be the depreciation For one month i'm going to say two months have passed because i'm doing january and february So i'm going to record depreciation for the two month time period a total of two three three three Now i could record two adjusting entries one for january one for february But i'm just going to try to make my financial statements correct as of the end of february And so i'm saying this is depreciation for the end of february All right, let's finally do the journal entry. So this is going to be A debit to depreciation expense and a credit to accumulated depreciation. Let's go to the first tab Go to our journal entry accounting drop down reports And we want to find the uh journal report again The journal report And we will go into add Uh an item this is going to be an adjusting entry The date is always the end of the period feb 28 in our case Feb 28 is the date. We're not going to do a reversing entry Uh, this is a permanent difference not a temporary difference no reversing entry involved And then the account i'm looking for depreciation So we have a depreciation account. This is another option that you kind of that you have here you you could Have a separate depreciation account per category such as furniture and fixture and machinery and equipment. I usually uh Don't do that if i unless i really want that added detail because Uh, so i just put it i'm just going to put both the depreciation into one depreciation account The reason i break it out on the balance sheet, but not the income statement in other words On the on the balance sheet half i'm going to break out furniture and fixture and equipment But on the income statement i'm just going to record it to one depreciation account. Why? Because on the income statement, it's a temporary account. It's going to roll into The equity whereas on the balance sheet It's a permanent account and i kind of like the added detail of being able to show the book value For each category. So that's but you might do a different method. That's what i do So the amount's going to be two three three three point five And the other side is going to be accumulated depreciation Uh accumulated depreciation for the equipment. So we've added that already That looks good and that's it. So let's go ahead and save that one and then we'll do the next bit posting it balance sheet update the balance sheet And I got a hiccup Don't give me the hiccups. I'm working here That's going to mess me up man. I'm not stopping Here we go we've got Uh the adjusting entry that happened for the for the furniture and equipment. Where did it go? I put it into the equipment. I messed it up. Let me go back into this one I picked the wrong account. Sorry about that Sorry about that Here we go. We're going to go in And fix it. I'll fix it. Don't worry I can fix it. We're going to hit the drop down and edit this thing And we want the accumulator the other accumulated depreciation account For the furniture and fixtures. All right, that should do it post it I'm going to open the balance sheet backup accounting drop down balance sheet comparative report And now let's check it out and it should be correct this time scrolling down down down So there it is. So now we have the 98000 minus the 9833 so we increased the contra asset account Which decreased the book value to the 8816650 So there we have that and so now this ties out to what we paid for it And then this is this and then over here we have the current year to date is going to be 14001 Too many zeros divided by 12 times 2 Plus the prior year depreciation of the 75 Is the 983350 98 3350 book value 8816650 Okay, so then and then on the income statement We just recorded everything just to depreciation expense Boom depreciation expense lowering net income even though cash isn't impacted. So that's usually oftentimes a big Uh entry notice what's happening with our adjusting entries. We had Uh, we're we're hit. We're going into a big loss here in in february We're still positive on the year But that's often what happens with the adjusting entries, especially we later to depreciation Because it's recording and expense All right, so then we're going to say let's do the next one Let's pull this thing up And this is where's my calculator calculator 833 is the depreciation on the year. So I'm going to say 833 divided by 12 times 2 We want 138. Did I do that right 833 divided by 12 times 2? Of course I did it right What are you doubting you doubting my capabilities? I know how to use the calculator Uh, this is going to go Let's close this out and do a new journal New journal. I'm just going to call it's a dj entry Date 228 the date is 228. That's the cutoff date Things have been cut off after that time You want to don't put your foot over the line or you get your foot cut right off because that's the cutoff point So this is going to be depreciations the debit And 138 He's got his foot in the in the door Better get that foot out of the doors to cut off. This is the cutoff date This is going to be a cc depreciation a cc depreciation for the equipment now There it is. There's the debit. There's the credit I think everything is correct this time. Did I do it right? I picked the right one. Let's post it And then we'll check it out the balance sheet update The date is up the update is a down date The update is down because then it fit So here it is, uh It put notice it put the accumulated depreciation on top But notice how cool the layout is over here. I can say I could just fix that I can go into my edit layout Say that's not how it should be you're trying to do alphabetical order, but I'm going to fix it and I'm going to put uh Where where where is it my equipment Accumulated I'm going to put the the Equipment on top like it should be can't really do that very easily on other software like uh quickbooks online for example So super cool super cool. You have other techniques you can do in a quickbooks online, but the flexibility the flexibility man i'm saving that because that was a important change important update that we want to keep in place going forward So there we have it. We've got the 5000 minus the accumulated depreciation brings us to the book value for eight six one 17 if I go over here and just double check that we've got the The eight three three divided by 12 times two. That's for the two months of this year plus the prior year depreciation of zero so 138 that's what it should be 138 and so the book value For eight so notice how nice this is it can have how much detail it gives us We're like, yeah, we purchased the furniture and equipment for 98,000 But then we've depreciated thus far allocating the cost of nine eight three three over the youth's life not just this couple months to 88 166 50 and We have the equipment here 5000 Minus the 138.83 the book value is this and if I add the two book values together We've got that plus eight eight one six six point five See how much detail we give there now if you don't want to give that much detail again The the flexibility here of the report If I go into here allows us to say I don't want to do that man. I just want to show Like the the book value so I can just collapse these And just say just do that just show me the book value. That's all I want to see And because of the flexibility in the way we have structured this and zero's capacity We have then now we've just got we've just got the collapsing the book value of these two and if I don't even Want to see that I'm just like I just want to see The fixed asset I don't want to see any of that Other stuff We can go into here and just collapse and just say just show me The fixed assets like that now I'm not going to save these changes Because I like the detail But just note that that those are ways that you can summarize your report down here And now you've just got that line item for the fixed assets So a lot of flexibility kind of like a like a gymnast inflex Because because gymnasts are flexible And if I go down so there's the depreciation And here's our net income thus far. All right. Let's open up the trial balance and see where we stand at this point the trusty trial balance We'll go to the reports Type in not trusty just trial balance even though the trial balance is trusty trustworthy trial balance And we're going to say We're going to say custom date And We're 2020 I'll just say the end of the year. So we'll pick up our reverse in entries, too This is where we stand Uh, if you were correct last time if your trial balance was in balance But now you're off the things we changed, of course We're the accumulated depreciation for furniture and fixture accumulated depreciation for the equipment and The one depreciation account that we've recorded down below Which we accounted for both of those depreciate depreciable asset types in


Now, I gotta go back to this because you mentioned the fact that you found that beat online, the YouTube beat. Now, this is a situation that people, they fantasize about, I want to do, I want to get, I don't want to get this beat or should I get this beat because this might blow up or I believe in this song, you actually got to be, it actually blew up. What was that process in terms of, did you actually buy it or did you just, I only got the money, I'm going to record and I'm not going to even buy it and then what did it look like in the background, like were you, was it too much trouble and all that kind of stuff when the actual blow up happened? Honestly, it was a very, very smooth process. I think what I did was I got a lease for the beat first, just an untagged lease so I could record on it and if I, because I didn't plan on holding it for as long as I did, it was just something in the back of my head, they kept telling me, nah, not yet, don't release it yet. So I got the lease and I put, I recorded on it and honestly, it was just kind of hoping that no one would buy it before I did and in my situation, it worked out because once I had the label and the management, they were like, all right, we need to buy this beat immediately and hopefully no one had bought it, I gave them more money than they were asking for it on YouTube, just like to be fair, you know, because everyone knew it was going to be big and you don't want to be the guy that, that, that paid $200 for a beat, right? And then the song goes on to make a million dollars because it's like, it's just not a, it's not fair. And, you know, I believe in fairness. Everyone, there's enough bread for everybody to eat. So I got lucky, but I would say for, for people in a similar situation, like, first you got to be realistic for yourself. A lot of people think songs are going to be hits that aren't going to be hits, you know, like, you got to think what, what is it about this song that is going to make it a hit? Is the melody so, so crazy that it's infectious and everybody that listens to it can't help but sing a hum along? Is it a concept that's never been done before and so crazy that it takes it to the next level? Is, is the delivery something that hasn't been heard that's going to catch up people's ears? Is it, is it good for TikTok? And you could, there's a dance challenge associated with it. If it doesn't have at least one of those things, it's probably not going to be a hit and you're probably going to be fine, not buying the beat or just doing the least, but, but you'll know if it's a hit, if you're honest with yourself and, and yeah. Gotcha. Who's, who's decision was it to get on TikTok with it? Um, honestly, I think there was a woman, Rachel from digital marketing, and I had been doing some stuff with trailer before. I still do stuff with trailers sometimes, but they, they were like, well, there's this new app coming out and they're getting like a hundred million new, new a hundred million. A hundred million new, like users a month, we want you to go on here. We think you'll be good at it. Uh, we think your songs could go. So they put all the songs on there and I had done a couple of videos just like, not really understanding what TikTok was or how to grow on that platform, but just using my song. And they didn't really do anything, but people liked the song Valentino and I do, do some, some miracle it, it got the right people that the right creators that needed to see it saw it and the song just kept going and going and going. And I caught on that it was starting, that it was going to blow up at probably around like 12,000 videos because every time, every hour I would refresh it, every day, every hour I refresh it would be another thousand videos every day, another 5,000 videos, 10,000 videos. So once I started going up, I was like, I'm going to, I'm going to make my own TikTok account and I'm going to continue using my own TikTok account and just make videos for my songs, for other songs, funny videos, pranks, whatever, just so that like people would know, oh, that's the Valentino guy and we want to follow him because he made that song.  And now I could promote whatever song I want on my own TikTok. I got like 650,000 followers on there now and a couple months. But, you know, a lot of artists don't do that. Um, some people, they'll never want to be on TikTok just because they feel like it doesn't fit their brand or whatever, or they're going to be super late to when, when everybody's there and it's obvious for them. But even now, like a lot of artists who are moving now and getting songs blow up on there, they're not thinking about, yo, I need to actually create content. I have a hard time getting artists to create content when we're making their songs take off. Cause there's like, okay, yeah, I'm happy with the results that I'm getting over here. It's like, no, you need to do what you said. Right? Yeah.  All right. And ho, I like that Valentino guy. Yeah.  You know, like, like they're not willing to take it through that process while it's free and easy. And you have something recognized on that. You can be recognized for, like, um, when, what was your experience as a content creator on that side of things? Did you feel like it flowed naturally for you? Or, um, was there a kind of like a few, a period of like bumping your head and having to figure it out? Uh, there was definitely, it was a learning process, you know, uh, luckily for me, I just turned 19 in November. So I'm at the age where, where I think it would be easier if I was in high school because it's like organic, everyone's using TikTok. And now people are using TikTok at my age, but it's like, it's still, it's, it's not a platform that we grew up on. Like we're not being introduced to it at the same talk, excuse me, at the same time that we were introduced, Instagram or Twitter. So it was a lot of just watching videos, just always being on TikTok and just letting my brain like soak it up. Like, all right, what is doing well? What is on my for you page? And then also reaching out with TikTokers. Like you think TikTokers don't want to meet up and collab with a rapper? Like most TikTokers are just regular people that, that, that blew up or that want to do social media. And for me, like being a rapper is like the coolest thing that, that you could do. Basketball players want to be rappers, man, but then throughout the patch wants to be a rapper, like every time you see a rapper, like, so, so, so I leveraged that too, to, to collab with other people that were more familiar with the platform and that could, that could give me knowledge about how to best use the platform too. So, so steady learning, researching yourself and then leveraging other people's knowledge and flipping, understanding your position. So I think one thing that I think that's going to help you win big bro is multiple times out of this conversation. I've heard you have self-awareness about your position at the moment. And then that allows you to flip it to the next point. Right? Yeah. Right. Cause a lot of people don't understand being a rapper is a thing. Being having a certain stigma. Well, listen, you stick with that negatively, but like having a certain perspective that people view it, do you as, even if the numbers aren't there, there still is idea. Like there's some, I don't know, let's just say like Jet magazine or Essence magazine. Right.  And if they asked me to do something, even if their name isn't popping, just because I have that perspective growing up and understand what that might look like to my family or something like that. Right. It's like just for all other types of reasons, understanding the position of where you are in the brand, like you can do a lot of things that might not seem to be justifiable because of how people see you versus the regular landscapes. I think that's real. I don't know, to me, that stands out, man, that you were able to kind of figure that out as far as like, Hey, I'm a rapper. These people are still normal, even if they got more followers than me or whatever, right? That makes me somebody to them.


Live from Denver, Colorado, it's theCUBE.  Welcome back to theCUBE's coverage of Commvault Go 19. I'm Lisa Martin with Stu Miniman, and Stu and I are pleased to welcome to theCUBE. For the first time, we have Chris Powers, VP and General Manager at HPE. Chris, welcome. Thank you very much. Thank you. I was telling Stu earlier, you know, longtime watcher, first-time participant. All right, well, awesome. We love that. So here we are in your native area of Colorado. We were just talking about the weather, which is probably a topic. If you live or visit Colorado, that is always an interesting conversation because it changes so rapidly. Exactly. Because I said snow last week with beautiful weather, well, at least so far this week, but I only got in last night. Well, stick around to this weekend because we'll have some more snow. All right, I brought some boots. So Chris, talk to us. You've been a longtime HPE guy. Let's have just kind of a status of the HPE-Convault relationship, the partnership. What's going on there? Absolutely. So, Convault is a key important partner to HPE. We actually have an arrangement via a capability we call HPE Complete, by which we actually skew up Convault products. We go through the background working with Convault, making sure that we have application integration so that customers have a lot of confidence in that. And then a customer or a partner can buy a complete solution on a single PO from both companies. So it really provides that ease of transaction, ease of evaluation, and then confidence in the delivered solution that they purchase from HPE. So confidence and simplification are great from doing a transaction. Talk to us about how Convault and HPE are working together to really help customers in this multi-cloud world that a lot of them are living in, have confidence that they're able to access secure data in a way that is as simple as it can be. Well, there's a couple things. We have integration with Convault products with a number of our, across a number of our platforms. Convault is the backbone for our HPE GreenLake backup as a service product, right? And what that gives is the confidence and the capabilities of having a cloud-like experience for your backup environment, but it's managed and controlled on-premises. So it brings the benefits of both. With a Convault IntelliSnap technology, we've got that integrated in with our HPE Primera, three-par and nimble platforms. And that makes snapshot management much more seamless and much more of a core portion of their data protection strategies. So there's a number of connection points that we have, and we will continue over time to just continue to broaden that exploit where the opportunities exist. Yeah, I just had a conversation with Craig Rutledge last week about GreenLake. Bring us inside your customers and how some of their buying patterns are changed. GreenLake's actually been around for about nine years. I hadn't been aware that it had been around that long, but cloud and as-a-service Convault's talking about there's a new SaaS offering that they have. Storage used to be just something you thought about with a box now. Software is one of the key delivery mechanisms for how I manage and deal with my data. That's correct. A lot of consumption models changed quite a bit over time, and there are more and more, we're seeing more and more of our customers really being more interested in not purchasing the box. Really, I mean, the box delivers something. And really that's a shifting towards, more towards, purchasing what is being delivered, right? And so that's why these as-a-service models are really that significant. They're a market changer in a couple of aspects. First of all, it changes economics from a consumption standpoint about what are you purchasing? Second thing it does is it pushes back onto the vendor, more of the responsibility of the day-to-day maintenance and the activities, right? It offloads. And so you can be using these IT compute storage services really focusing on them to bring your business outcome as opposed to spending a lot of your time and energy managing the infrastructure itself. Chris, of course we've heard a lot about data this week. One area I'm surprised I haven't heard about it much. Maybe I just haven't been in the right conversations is AI.  Maybe help us understand how it fits into this whole discussion. Certainly, it's really in two forms. One is AI to support your infrastructure management itself. So a key component of our strategy is something we call the global intelligence engine. And that brings with it a combination of really monitoring what's happening within the environment, creating from that a set of, think of it, fingerprints associated with workloads. Such that we can begin to trace and understand based upon those fingerprints if there's something changing in the environment applying rules-based AI to understand what an immediate type of response is. So that's how we're using it to simplify infrastructure management because it is amazingly complex to what it used to be years ago. The second way, though, is actually bringing to market capabilities that support AI-type workloads. And that's a stuff that Patrick's really focused on with our MapR, with our BlueData integrations. And it's really, so it's bringing both of those sets to marketplace. One, to help customers better manage their environment. And then one, effectively being able to utilize those tools to then manage their businesses. And this is part of your, the Intelligent Data Platform strategy that HPE is talking about. Can you kind of walk us through that IDP pitch? Absolutely. So first and foremost, it starts with workloads, right? And it's workload optimized systems. That being either from your primary, from your file-based, from your object and secondary, all the way to managing your cloud capabilities. And it's providing that workload mobility, data mobility across those platforms, right? We layer on top of that, this notion of the global intelligence engine, right? That I've already spoken to. And then what we have is effectively been able to make sure that we have SaaS-type plugins for infrastructure management, right? Plugins and Kubernetes, Chef, Puppet, and so forth. And then also optimizing from an application standpoint, what is necessary from a workload standpoint, from a data protection standpoint. And all of this then focused at consumers, right? Be it the data administrators, be it the line of business owners, being the IT infrastructure ops people. So it's really this layered set of capabilities, but it starts and ends with workloads, right? We don't talk about platforms, it's really, how do you optimize the capability set for a specific set of workloads? Recognizing that the data associated with those workloads needs to transition over time. Chris, wondering if you have any customer examples that might be able to illustrate the power of HPE plus Commvault. Certainly, just reflecting back to the backups as a service. Via HPE Greenlight, we have a number of large customers that utilize Greenlight for their core of their operational activities, right? Just recently we took down a number of large deals in Europe utilizing HPE with Commvault to provide that in a backup environment managed by HPE Greenlight. Yeah, and from the value of doing that is that obviously their simplicity, does that have an organizational change to how they think about their data protection once they leverage Greenlight? Well, definitely upon when they're leveraging Greenlight because no longer do you have this army of backup administrators sitting within your own company, you are procuring a service, right? You're no longer having to take care of it and manage that infrastructure be responsible for it. And we take upon ourselves then to also make sure that that infrastructure is being continuously updated, refreshed, basically taking that headache of IT management away and focusing on the business outcome. Yeah, I'm wondering, you could probably give a good, kind of long-term view of this. How do you see that as different from, say the previous trend of outsourcing that we had gone through? So I think that trend of outsourcing, a lot of times that turned into, once you played it out over a couple of years, turned into more of a game of asset sweating, right? And so this notion of continually keeping up from a serviceability standpoint, optimizing the capabilities, I think it was more focused from an asset utilization play as opposed to delivering a service. I think the real change now is delivering a service and what does that involve as opposed to, like I said, arbitrating and taking advantage of an asset play. So when we're talking, you mentioned the term business outcomes a second ago and my ears perked up. So whether you're talking about, whether it's a large retailer or it's a bank, for example, talk to us about some of the business outcomes that you guys together are helping customers achieve. You talked about kind of the consumer focus, but in terms of kind of like distilling that down to how an organization is maybe delivering new products and services because not only is the data protected and it's available, it's recoverable, they've got the AI to be able to glean insights from it. Favorite story, maybe that shows like business transformation by leveraging HPE and Combat together? So I think the best stories there are really in regards to, given that we've freed up resources from that day-to-day operational activities and coupled together with, as you mentioned, that AI type understanding the insights, what it's really doing is allowing companies to really accelerate from a flexibility standpoint. It's that notion of flexibility and speed to be able to react quickly. And we're seeing that occur across a large number of customers and that's really what's differentiating customers. In this new, what we call the intelligence era, it's that speed and agility to adopt those new quick, adopt new business models, new opportunities, quickly change on a dime to recognize when things are changing and then chase after and take the opportunity. So as we're here at day one of CommBallGo 19, this is their fourth event, but a lot has changed for them since Sanjay Marchandani came on board just about nine months or so ago. Just curious, you've been a partner a long time. Your perspectives on maybe this new convolt or this convolt 2.0 that you're seeing that HPE is partnering with? So I think it's refreshing, right? It builds into it a new energy, right? A new sense of focus and it's really, I think, as all of us within the IT industry are recognizing, it's this whole notion about service and customer, it's really it's a customer experience and the service enablement that we provide from infrastructure capabilities. I mean, we are providing the tools to allow these companies to accelerate. And so I think it's really great. It's really great, you know? Companies need to go through a transformation, new leaders come in, breathe some different viewpoints and so forth and I think it's very healthy. Cultural change is always challenging to do, but in some cases, like you said, it's refreshing. They've also done a lot, even with the launch of Metallic yesterday, just in terms of how quickly we're seeing them go from ideas to conceiving technologies and delivering them quite quickly to not just their kind of sweet spot of the enterprise, the large global enterprises, but down into the mid-market. So in terms of that speed and agility, I think they're articulating that and showing that pretty well as to your point, customers have to have the ability, whatever size they are, whatever type of industry they're in to be able to react quickly, to take advantage of the next wave or be on the front of that next wave and having an infrastructure that is smart, that is optimized, cost efficient, is as table stakes to do that. Absolutely, absolutely, right? And I think what they've been able to demonstrate this week, you know, as part of their announcement said, is that flexibility, that awareness, that there's continuous opportunities to be chased. Excellent, well Chris, we thank you for joining Stu and me on theCUBE today, telling us what's new with HPE and Commvault. We appreciate your time. Appreciate it, thank you very much. For Stu Miniman, I'm Lisa Martin. You're watching theCUBE from Commvault Go 19.


Yeah, how's everybody's weekend? Great. I was just seeing, you know, Brevin application. But on the right of the rotation, you do that on the top. What is it? On the right of the rotation, are you seeing? A little bit of what we're going on. So I'm going to come and see. Yeah, I think they're, well, they got permission, but they're one of the changes in fact. The person I write, the meme is in here. Yeah, it's a great killer job. It's still that poster and answered questions like, it was my job. People watch way up with this, like, stunned look. Take the pictures, that's kind of an autograph. Big time. The, once you enter this lecture, there's part of the lecture from last time that I gave you guys the free time to do everything again. So I was charged with East Trogias and Ex Trogias. And I really wanted to focus on the basics. I feel like I didn't really understand this as I was a fellow. That's why I haven't sat through this lecture multiple times as a resident. So it's going to be, again, very interactive. Please kind of guess and feel free to get it wrong. I just think it's more, but it's just too painful at the time. First case, what do you guys say? Pseudo-psyptopia. Why would you say pseudo? Because the light reflects is symmetrically centered. So, yeah, that's a nice one. So you look at the clear light reflection right there and there, it is dead seven. This is a pretty tough one, though. But for all dead sources, that looks crossed. And so you see why we have so many referrals for kids that ended being pseudo-ET. Because it's not easy to tell. And I'll tell you, this kid has all the features that we look for and try to differentiate. The first thing we can call as prominent epicanthophones. You can just tell that, right, this kid really covers over the inside of a conjured typhoid. So, when you can't see that medial conjure typhoid, it looks crossed. And one of the reasons that this kid kind of pours over the inside of the eye is because of that flat nasal bridge right there.  So often to show the parents, because they're dead like that, I don't want to give the parents a complex of their kids, because they don't want to find that they were older, but they have something wrong with their kids. I'll tell them, the flat part of their nose is going to grow and pull that skin up and in and they'll look normal. I'll grab the skin right here and pull it in and they'll look normal. And if the kid will let me. And the parents will be like, oh, phew. So, like we said, you cover up the medial conjure typhoid. And then kids, you know, the other kind of group of kids, in addition to all these things is when kids' eyes are just close together and look across. This is true of adults, too, with it. If you have a short interpupillary distance, don't be fooled by that. And measure it if you think, you know, if you see like in the 50s or, you know, for an adult or low 50s or a high force for a kid, then you'll kind of realize it. You'll have to make it look across. And then the most important thing is the corneal eye reflex to do an ultimate recovery. I had a mentor who told me every time I diagnosed pseudo-ET, I hadn't followed up in a year. And I think that's a great, there's just a great principle there when you think this is nothing, just to always be sure. Because the, or even six months, and I had this just a few months ago, the son of a neuropediatric neurosurgery fellow, the other one, I thought it was pseudo-ET, but I wasn't quite sure. And so I had to say, come back in three months. And I gave my email address and said, send me pictures if you feel like this is wrong. And you feel like it's different. But right now it doesn't look across.  The chat at the time was just, didn't have really good fixation. I couldn't do a good ultimate recovery testing. And I missed the first time. So it happened. And so not missing it is not an ideal that you could try to do all the time. I think you have to just put checks in there and try to do these things. But then when it happens, you're still going to catch it later. So pseudo-ET or real-ET? Real. Yeah. So this is, I feel like whenever we're talking about ETs and XTs, people just throw up the type of, a type of ET or type of XT and then give you a big bullet point of all the things that it is. And I want to kind of approach this for, this kid comes to your clinic, and you're thinking about the process. So we're going to kind of, this looks more clinical than just categorized by diagnosis. So 18-month-old comes in. The model tells you that they've been rising and crossing for about three months intermittently. What's on your differential and what are the most important questions that you want to try to figure out? In click. Go ahead. Yeah. Yeah. Most worrisome, least likely. And I want to, because I feel like also as a resident, I didn't have any sense of what's most likely versus least likely. And so we'll try to compare that too. So you're always interested in policy. It turns out that kids, they're very rare. Especially isolated from anything else.  What else would be on the differential? We use that, but you have to check abduction every time, nonetheless. Refractive air, yeah. Anything else on your differential? Sensory ET. Sensory ET, totally. Great. Perfect. And with refractive, the other one is accommodated ET. Maybe as we're kind of, there's an old one right there. What's the one, if a kid comes in your clinic and they've been crossing intermittently or constant and around the stage, what's the one thing that you care most about and finding in that first use of the air? Prescription. Is this kid hemorrhagic? So that's the first, so whenever you see a kid who's crossing, the first question is, is this kid hemorrhagic? The most common type of crossing is a common ABT. So your very first question, so every kid comes from crossing, and you look at it and you say, well, I'll measure this, but what I really care about is this kid farsighted or not. Even if they're ambiopic, that's the same question, because if they're farsighted, you just can put them in glasses. So that kid, though, straight right out of the glasses. So let me talk about accommodated ET real quick. And again, this is most common of all the ET's. And this gets, question on the board is much more commonly than these, like, misdiagnosed blockade ET. All these weird entities you read about and you can, like, put them in the light. So I'm going to really make sure this is kind of drilled up. So accommodated ET, the range is four months to seven years of age, meaning anyone who comes in crossing, you can sort of put it in glasses. What do you think would be a, is there a cutoff you guys know of how much hyperopia you'd be willing to put, to try out glasses on versus when you say, there's no way this is accommodated. That's, like, less than two, maybe? Two's a good number. Most people say three, and that's kind of like what's in the books, the textbook, because it's more than three. I think that if they're crossing, depending on how it looks, I often try out glasses too. You'd hate to do surgery on something you couldn't fix with glasses. And then if you fix with, if you do surgery, and then they end up being farsighted, you have to put them in glasses, but go XT in glasses. Because you get relaxed, they're focusing.  I think two is two. That's the number probably that was. I think it's the most wise. There's an intermittent, especially when it first starts, so when parents describe this intermittent crossing, recombinant and comminity, if there's a family history of it, it's one of the most common strident entities that run through families. And this would, to your point, reason this is a six nerve policy, you'll see these in the ER, not uncommonly. Kid comes in, gets really sick, or has a bad cold, or just something, happens, and then I start crossing. And everybody, there's no way you'll stop the CT scan on that child. They'll just do it. Which is probably not a bad thing, but if I was in the ER, a kid who was just having bad colds, had sudden crossing, and I checked his surgery to plus four, I would push back against getting imaging, because he's healthy otherwise. This is the kind of entity that just came out of this hole on the straight eyes that just broke. So the if anyone could give me a line for why uncorrected acrobia can cause crossing, how would you try to explain this to a family? Or to a group? So when we are accommodating, our pupils constrict, and our eyes sort of turn in, and so if you're having to accommodate, just to see what we see at a normal distance, that's going to happen. The pupils are going to constrict, the eyes are going to turn in, and they attempt to focus like we do when we read a post. Yeah, great job, Chris. The near try is kind of what you're referring to, right? Yeah. It's a recombination of pupil constriction and convergence. In the brain, they're just married to each other. You can't divorce them. Yeah. This is a term that they throw around, insufficient fuginal, I feel like astrophysmologists love these really complex terms, and they kind of just make it hard to grasp the feeling. So don't be thrown off by this stuff. You just can't keep your eyes straight from focus. So again, that same case presentation, when you put the glasses in, you don't know if it's accommodated in ET until you've given them time in the glasses. So again, I tell you guys, one or two things will happen. It's not going to get better. It will partially get better, or this will just get rid of the cross ball altogether. And you don't really know yet until you have come back in three months or two months with everyone. So occasionally they'll be straight at distance, but then they'll continue to cross at near. And those are the kids who you consider having this high accommodative convergence to a combination ratio. And I don't actually think that means that you probably will, because this is a lot of it. But I feel like this is way over complicated, and again, if I went over the math right now, you probably would forget it anyway by OCAPS. So I just want you to just get the principle, and that is in your brain, so these two are kind of, again, they're married, and we're focusing on crossing, and it just turns out that the brain has an inbound to the two. So the amount of focusing that the brain does, it just drives too much convergence of it. And the whole goal of these kids is to get their eyes straight, so that they can get that sensory motor fusion that we talked about last time. So let's go through a bunch of cases here. First case, and maybe we'll just bounce around the room, we're going to go for one time together, so we'll do a handful of cases. So starting with lead. Plus four, ETS 30, and you guys know, what does the epoxy mean? The near, yeah. So crossing the 30th distance near the 30th as well, plus four, and these are all 18 months old, new patient exam, what are you going to do, lead? So you already know the description of plus four, so what's your manager playing? You haven't done anything yet, you haven't done glasses, you haven't done is this a kid you put in glasses or not? It looks like it's a competition, so I don't know if I would put in glasses just yet, just because you know, this is I mean it may be it may be related to some other issue, I don't know. So this is and this is why I think this is why I'm glad to have these numbers up here.  This still very well could be accommodated. But again, you're touching on I don't know what this is, so are you watching out of glasses or angle of glasses? Well how would you know if it's accommodated? Well you test them you see if they're actually greater or isotopia than they actually do in the near person's distance. So turns out in theory that makes sense that's not how it actually transits to clinical practice. So the way to know if this is accommodated is you put them in glasses. We're almost regardless of the difference between these two. Confusing, but I'm trying to simplify this because I feel like the theory of County BT is you're right. You can see maybe you see some more crossing it near than the distance would suggest, you know, at County BT and in this case and you have been appeased to sort of you're demonstrating some good kind of sound thinking of understanding especially if they're crossing it all and they're more than plus two glasses even if they have limited abduction, I still work with glasses. Because you need to see what happens. Different foals, allergic refraction. That was too nasally. So if you put them in glasses, can they come back for ortho near distance? Really kind. So let's do another case after we go ahead. So what do you do with this one? So this is kind of what we're talking about. Crossing more in near and distance are you going to do something different this time? No. Why not? Because I just want to say what they do with the plus four first. Cool. So you put in a plus four same thing happens. So again, don't get caught up in greater distance in the air. If the key comes in crossing, sometimes I feel like I don't even need to measure this. I'm going to bring back my glasses and then I'll see what it is. Exactly. And then remind me of a name I'm sorry, I'm still learning. I'm Lindsay. Lindsay, okay. So what would you do in this third case? I would start with the cyclopletic refraction initially and then have a back. So you come back and then these are the measurements now. So this gets a little more tricky, Lindsay, but if they're ET, so in their glasses, they're now 20 in distance and 35 near. What are you going to do now? Your options are so redialate and check the description one more time put them in bifocals or use your business certificate. I might I might redialate recycle please, make sure I got the full, they're not like a plus five and then I would try bifocals. So for boards and O-caps do exactly right. Whenever you see this, the first answer is redialate because O-caps and boards want you to to be surgically conservative and just conservative to general. Every answer that's like if you can get away with watching observations, you should write the answer. It turns out though let's say they come back and they're still less, no change. Would you do bifocals or sort of three? How old are they? They're two. I would send them for a surgical U-val. Yeah, so surgery would be appropriate here. Because there are two, they're in this sensory sensitive developmental stage or developmental age or vision. You want to get this kid straight as soon as possible so they can recapture that sensory fusion and get vexed ariopsis and other things that they you bend them from high and straight eyes. You don't want to sit around them. If they're not straight, you've got the full protrusion on them. And then to contrast that with this one. How much surgery do you do on that kid for case three? So kids who have a comedy TV always air towards doing more surgery. Yeah, you do probably 35.  Some people go for the higher number and then they add another recession to the recession. So we'll jump to this again. So you put them in glasses. Go ahead. So what do you do if they're ortho-at-distance and ET of 20? I put them in the blindfold. So why would the blindfold be the right answer here you're right. And the wrong answer here. Because there's crossing greater distance. Because I mean they were trolping at a distance since they needed help with that. So it looks like it's still accommodated when they're accommodating there going across. Perfect. So and bifocals are so commonly misunderstood. If the kid's not ortho-at-distance and they're not fusing at distance like you could do a ortho-at-distance you want to make sure this kid has sensory fusion ability because the two of us are working together at distance but they're not near. That's the challenge that's going to benefit from bifocals.  So you don't need to put every kid your bifocal who crosses more near than they do at distance and you don't need to put every kid who's ortho-at-distance in ETX-20 just the ones who you feel like have potential for sensory fusion. At this age you can't do a lot of sensory tests so you're going to do it with most kids but bifocals are typically over prescribed for kids and you would never want to do it in this case because they're not fusing in the distance so it's not going to do anything but they have to be fusing in the distance and have fusion potential in the air that you can get in your bifocal so great and perfect product so they don't have fusion potential in what example would that be let's say they have congenital ETX in it so they're crossing from birth these kids, their eyes don't work together they don't have binocular fusion almost period so you can do stir-business surgery or straighten that kid out let's say he did surgery and they got to be ortho-at-distance but you can tell with all these tests that whenever they're looking in the distance they're just switching between the two eyes they're not fusing both eyes together they have mono-fixation and then you measure them up near and they're still crossing they might have put it in the microphone but he's looking up here so I think kind of voluntarily it just looks like you're looking at your hand and you can't tell right my hands like double but you just can't tell so there is a big part of the stir-business surgery that's cosmetic to have these kids function normally in their social life so like a two-year-old though with a bifocal are they going to really use like, can you get it on there huh? the answer is yes if you selected the kid appropriately so why does the kid walk around with a tilted head and when they have a fourth-year of palsy why do they just suppress one eye? because they're really fusing because they want to fuse there is a powerful drive to fuse if you can so why does the kid use plus five who you know for alternative purposes can't see clearly unless he kicks in all about accommodation and crosses his eyes why would he intermittent across because when his eyes are straight you know that he's not focusing right? it's because the brain cares so much about both eyes being straight and trying to fuse so much so that it would actually not even accommodate the full amount to get a clear picture just to keep guys straight so you'll see kids you'll know when you selected appropriately a kid with bifocals if they're particularly near they sneak their chin up to the bifocal just instantly and they'll do that on their own and the kids are smart enough you don't even have to like train and tell parents that's what they need to do they'll just do it and not that many kids actually need bifocals because most of them you put them in the bifocals they come in and they chin down to look at the near-carb over the bifocal then there's probably in particular cases it's very helpful but you know it also is over to you so 5 month old baby it's certainly real crossing looking at this how would you describe this that this is all you saw what do you learn about this picture what do you learn from this picture they're fixating with their left eye at this moment it's a large angle so it's perfect large angle maybe some inlubriate in the right eye how would you find out if they had inlubriate in the right eye this is a 5 month old baby I'd cover their left eye and see if they'd cry I'm trying to look as you do right yet so yeah so cover their left eye and then the other way not just to see if they'd cry but if you cover their left eye you cover their left eye and then you hope that this eye is going to go woop and look straight at you right and then as I come off I watch how long they hold with that eye that's the whole maintained thing on the CSM so if they maintained that eye I'm like oh this is an alternate fixated right what type of if you had to guess what entity of ET this is congenital probably congenital at this age congenital is really large angle from a really young age there's equipment glasses these kids eye straight glasses so you still approach it because if you remember what was the earliest age that we see a congenital ET do you remember that range? 4 months so if you had one kid who looks like congenital ET for all intents and purposes but they're plus 5 you still could have been glassed I had a little girl who was plus 6 or plus 650 and I put in glasses but mom said she had been crossing since she was like 2 months old and her eyes didn't do anything so I cycled her eyes so that she would have to have the glasses to see well right because she wasn't sure if she would wear the glasses the full cycle would do the fracture so even atroponized she gradually took out the glasses still had the exact same like 60 diameters of ET so you still go through that process clinically it's not always like obviously congenital ET or obviously congenital ET for anything we can go so congenital ET you see it there's a number of terms again to get to run around ocular instability in its infancy that kind of is derived from the pathogenesis they feel like there's a you know what causes this but the fusion center of the brain that helps the two eyes lock together and the reason people feel like this is because even when you fix these kids even at a young age they often have subnormal fusion stereopsinist and all those tests the worst for that test seem like they're suppressing a lot so can they not fuse and therefore they cross or is it motor development, do they come out cross and therefore they can't fuse because it was early crossing and just that critical window we don't know do these kids tend to have amblyopia? yes yes what is one of the things or the tricks that they use that often prevents amblyopia in these kids because I would say these kids do have amblyopia do you see it in a fair amount but probably less than a common ABT do you see something where they switch do you remember the term it's called so these kids so if they're this way and you're on this side they look at you with that eye and then if something happens over here they just switch to look at you with that eye so they've got these eyes that are just like surveying the opposite worlds at all times of course and they just switch you don't even know what you're looking at often so do you guys know what we often see in conjunction with congenital ET there's other findings that come out and he guesses late and nice diagnosis late and nice diagnosis, perfect so when you're working a kid up and they're plus 5 crosses that's a little bit now they're 2 you come up with one eye and also you see that eye jiggle and all of a sudden you're thinking this isn't a common ABT so that's where that stuff kind of comes in handy too anything else DBG DBG we often see if you're a legal reaction to do you see that in a common ABT there's also a bit more common in this the so of course if you look at the outline I'm going to explain to you this because I don't think this is part of that so I'll leave you to talk to you about it so what happens is you cover one eye and the eye that's getting covered up if you had a see-through glass that eye that's covered up it starts floating up and it it breaks it breaks it breaks it breaks is the one that the yolk muscle always works so one superior eye just fires the other superior eye just fires so one eye it does its own thing that's the only time you see that that long time I did it the so two of these kids is surgery and these kids get an average of three surgeries over the first 10 years because it's just a very unstable alignment it keeps coming back it comes out kind of more commonly they get older they try to improve fusion so here's kind of, I feel like if you read that chapter of BCSC all these I don't know, I just want to use distracting type ETs because they're just all so much less common the ET, I've never seen this see how it says syndrome it's just like an extreme form of congenital ET so they have no stems and they look out they read about this as being tight sensory ET one eye doesn't see well so does anyone know when you see sensory ET versus sensory XT in the adult world the sensory eye what's more common, the ET or the XT the XT so the difference is we have no idea why when an eye doesn't see well and they're younger than five it tends to turn in when they're older than five it tends to turn out so in the adult world you always see sensory XT but in the early kind of P-flang you see all the senses of ET divergence and sufficiency so what are the measurements? do you see an ET greater near or distance what would an ET be greater do you think or divergence and sufficiency? distance so if you see it and the kid has elevated ICP or brain tumor what are you worried about? binaural or secondary palsy so you don't want to mix up divergence and sufficiency for binaural 6 that you can get from elevated ICP because they can't have depth so most secondary palsy's are greater distance than they are here nystagmus blockage syndrome turns out the neural point is whether they are in the reverse show anyway don't get too caught in those things we're going to jump into exotropias now does anyone sense a theme going on here? balance balance yes that's very yin and yang tall and short happen to be opposite opposite so yes but it seems like the most obvious questions have like the most delayed response but it can't be that simple so a lot of people think that exotropia is just equal and opposite to esotropia but there's some balance turns out they're not at all similar so this is what did me in for a long time I was like oh I don't really have this I see it all incorrectly about this it's just totally different so we're going to talk about intermittent exotropia here for a second so in intermittent exotropia I have the kind of occasionally wanders out there's two questions there's a couple questions that really matter what are those questions any guesses? like what percent of the time that they're crossing exactly what question what are you trying to determine with that question whether or not you're going to do what? surgery surgery is how often it's happening any other questions come to mind this kind of catches the same thing how often does the eye go out how long does it stay out for almost every parent can kind of catch that and a lot of them say it goes out all the time they say how long does it stay out for and they say like 3 seconds is that a case you do surgery on it just snaps out and snaps back like every hour that just sounds like pretty good control so these two questions I feel like really capture what we're looking for to actually gauge control so intermittent ST this is a so a new principle you don't see in a common PT kids with PT don't control their crossing but kids with ST the way I explain this to parents is the eyes are out when they're relaxed but the brain wants them straight so it's a tug of war and what we're trying to figure out is who's winning that tug of war and how can we help your brain win out to keep the eye straight and we have to go and change the anatomy because otherwise the relaxed anatomy is just pulling those eyes down so let's say a kid has 15 diaphas of intermittent ST and the other kid has 50 good diaphas of intermittent ST are you more likely to do surgery on one or those or what does that matter in your in your surgical decision making it doesn't matter as long as they're good control perfect actually it determines how much surgery you do not whether or not to be surgery yeah perfect would you think that this breaks down a distance or near more often the intermittent ST so what are you going to see this when the kid is reading or looking at the car window looking at the car window yeah yeah so almost a little counter intuitive right because the eyes are out and they're doing something up close that's a whole bunch of convergence but for some reason we see this way more distance so let's see this video work this video I feel like captures intermittent ST we watched it just a couple of times there so watch your eyes straight what just happened there which eye went out first the one that I was covering and then what happened when I uncovered it didn't snap soon the left eye snapped back but then one of the right eye did it went out so what do you know about this child's fixing eye it's a left eye just put it in front of her face though for 3 seconds when she was looking at the distance was enough to break down her fusion so when I uncovered that didn't snap back so her control is actually poor that makes sense this is what poor control looks like she's straight so once I had her fusion the brain doesn't have two pictures to lock together so one picture disappears so that eye just goes towards resting but then when I uncovered she said well you know what I actually prefer my left eye so she switches to her left eye and her right eye stays down so a lot of times when I had to look at it in your tire without doing anything so I had to just switch to look at this to see what happened because the control at near is always stronger than that at distance and then watch what I did so I'm going to do the same thing I'm going to act near, I'm going to uncover her eye and watch what happens what happened, do you see that? the eye was out but is she straight or is she out now so I uncovered it and I uncovered it and really quickly it went right back to being straight to looking at the target so what's your control at near poor or good? good, yeah because the minute I uncovered it before she even blinked that I came back it's right now so what happened there? she started to go out and then she scratched her head and she focused on her finger and it came back in really interesting she kind of just clicked her eyebrow and then she fixed her control so same time around would you quantify that as fair poor, fair or good control? fair it didn't, it was fair people often use a blink as the determination of separating good and poor so if the eye stays out and they blink it comes in then you say it's either fair or good if they blink and stays out then it's usually poor so it's pretty easy to case this is a busy slide so let's just cut this down this is the four phases of determinants the way this often starts what's the x without anything else? what does that stand for? x of 4a which means what? will you see this? no so you often, these kids you measure it they have a little 4a distance with an ortho in the air and six months later they've got an intermittent that mom sees when the kid is looking at the car window for some reason that's when it always comes out in their car seat, looking at the car window right before bedtime when they're naps or when they're sick all the times where you're getting your anatomy and then you're neuro trying to keep your eyes whether there's anything that's making your brain not fire and also accelerators then your anatomy will have the eyes tired sicker just daydreaming so what happens is you get this intermittent xt and then near you have this smile x of 4a they're often different you'll get a 30 xt 30 of an xt distance and then they go manifest in distance and then intermittent near and then they go manifest at both so this is just the progression if you watch most of these kids what happens what do you think would be the optimal time for them to be in a short period 1, 2, 3 or 4 3 some of them 3, 2 and 3 so you don't you certainly don't operate here you don't have to operate here because they're still fusing it near they're still using their eyes together enough that they often aren't losing stereo options and other things here's where they start kind of falling apart and actually you kind of let in here you just let parents guide you so based on that do you think control worsens or improves with age yeah, yeah, exactly just like that progression some are made stable and a few improve hence why it's good to watch this for a little bit because they do get that exception so we're going to talk about that we're going to talk about that is Anne going to be a common thinner in the xt no, it's not does that worsen with age just because they start having mono fixation so you don't see mono fixation on this so there's a great question mono fixation is when they're still suppressing even though their eyes are pretty close to being straight see it a lot with congenital AT and certain cognitive ATs but they have subnormal stereopsis so they don't fuse very well so they suppress one eye at least centrally and they confuse peripherally and actually these kids have great stereo most of the time their eyes lock together really well they just get tired and for some reason their ability for them to overcome the resting state of the eyes alignment just decreases in age I'm not sure why so they don't suppress at all suppress the eye and it goes out but that's it sometimes they actually will have they won't suppress entirely the peripheral vision of that eye that goes out these guys will have like wicked peripheral vision there was an NFL lineman who went and saw one of my mentors with this huge inmate XT and said oh what was this fix and they fixed it and he came back and he says I can no longer see the receiver running on my left side it's just like really effective you undo it, isn't that crazy for the cults true story so let's go through some cases again I think we are at Chris 2 year old with interval XT of 40 at distance and 20 at near with good control for both what do you do you have to remember the old movie speed sorry can't erase another one has very pale performances and just a little light the good control for both radio Chris sorry I knew I was so zealous no you do not want to touch this so good control you can watch this as long as you want so long as you have good control I'm just teasing Chris out great answer so what you want to do is if they are controlling it there is no rush here are you surprised that it's larger distance than it is in the air based on that progression I told you this is what we expect so I'm going to check the vision I'm going to double check what if this kid was minus 2 would you put him in glasses yeah so how easy do you think it is for your brain to fuse two blurry images versus two clear images at a distance probably harder so if this kid is a myo it's not going to make it has nothing to do with the combination or that way of events it's just going to give them clear pictures to lock together so this kid you're going to monitor maybe put him in glasses does that make sense so it's good control don't touch it I'm going to give you one more time in terms I said I'm going to give you guys thank you so they are like minus 2 over here of course they're doing over minus because if I give them a minus 3 then they have to do a little bit of accommodation and accommodation and convergence are tight so that's the whole theory of the over minus it's not really getting happening so there's a big debate whether we over minus these kids force them to accommodate which will help kind of bring their life together if they're already myopic I have to do over minus them anywhere from like 50 to a diopter a huge long term benefit at the end of the day if they're really over minusing them and holding their control that way that's not a long term solution because they're going to start getting you know, asthenopia and eye strain from focusing as they get older you can't do that forever so I usually do a little bit of over minusing if they're already in myopic and then just watch it okay go ahead it's a little bit older child and they're having fair control because it's still good control within years I don't know, I might still watch trying glasses you're spot on with the kind of the head bob yet our hands are tied here aren't they? how many BT's if that kid's crossing and they're either not focusing or they're crossing they're going to develop family opening this good watch that we have to put them in glasses not the kids here I ask the parents what do you want to do I tell them we don't have to do surgery right now this is probably likely to get worse with time it's a little bit of a question if we fix it now or later but some cases do improve go ahead I mean this is kind of the age where maybe kids start making fun of seven happens to become a member but five year olds are still sweet so you're right, you're exactly right fix it now to prevent that from happening so they don't get labeled by the peers when they get to the kind of the mean age then let's say I said hey if five year olds doesn't notice skin color differences appearance differences they tend to not pay attention to these things nearly as much as a second grader they kind of start picking this up so yeah so I have one person telling me I don't want to have to deal with this as they get into that stage of childhood it's just ruthless so let's fix this now if they do have to do it you have to do it so can you do a full workout if they're my outfit then I'm certainly not going to do surgery I'm going to put them in glasses how much would you operate for what do you think yeah about 40 nobody would be doing this so I'm not going to ask that over the uh alright what do you think so this kid's got a perpetual distance if you're going to operate how much are you going to operate for that's a big difference right 40 and 0 less than 40 so this is where this is where the chapter gets this is where NMXT gets lost on everybody is because people like I forget the term I don't even pay attention to any boy it's like to nature's proximal fusion and is this like true divergence excess because it gets so messy here and I don't know that it's clinically relevant what you're going to do here is you're going to prolong their occlusion because these kids do have a strong drive to fuse it near so what you do is you put a patch you cover their eye for an extended period of time and then re-measure it near without ever uncurring both of them so the patch can't come off before you check them in near and then you find out where they're if you can increase their new distance and oftentimes you can build their near measurement up to like 20 or 30 but it just takes time because their drive to pull the eyes together in near is so strong and so after prolonged inclusion the book will say like 45 minutes into the 60 minutes I actually will sit in clinic and talk to them while I cover up one eye and within a minute you can pull out a line and it's usually not the time effective to queue for another 15 to 45 minutes but the OCAS answer is 30 to 60 minutes you occlude them and then you see what happens and then now what are you going to do they're all toward near more controlled distance you can do surgery for it is this the case that you need to do surgery for it now or can you wait so wait because it seems like they're fusing near exactly your hands are tied here so what you may actually see is it's almost kind of like it's less stressful to manage so it's tenacious possible fusion it's this concept that they really have that strong drive to fusing near please so what are you going to do here um you can try covering so do you fuse it no change, still ortho in the air I mean you could still pluck them off and see if it's really bothering you so this is the case yes, promise again you can run that issue of how surgery we are going to do if we do surgery this is where you get like is this a high AC to A ratio um or is this kid just in stage 2 progressing into the next T if they're over here I would tend to just watch it especially at 4 because this isn't socially significant yet is this divergence true divergence excess is like the term that you see in the UCSC it's not that common that you see this and so you need to be familiar with these terms but there's still less common if you get distracted by it I feel like the PCC is very distracting with these concepts that are just not that common or relevant the other thing is you better have a talk about those stages this would be a kid who's just progressing and the two would come back to it so back to the other side so Lee what do you do with this one just hang out very good control there's good control so the drive to do surgeries isn't as high but I guess they are at an age where there's a social concern possibly so so who makes the decision in this case probably that would be the parent exactly right um that again a whole bunch of other entities again these are kind of distracting in these chapters because I feel like you as a resident like I did 100% even next to you all that well and then I smelt all the other entities not that complex um the things that you do see perfect alright that's it thank you everybody for coming any questions


As Nigeria progresses in her democratic journey, stakeholders have continued to call for devolution of powers to force the social economic development in the country. The stakeholders, who made the remark during the fifth annual lecture of Freedom Online, themed 2023-2027, Nigerians elected leaders and expectations, argued the centralization of governance is a product of the military, and wondered why the civilian government sense the exit of the military regime cannot decentralize governance. The participants also pointed out that the current revenue sharing formula in Nigeria, where the federal government takes the lion's share, is no longer affordable in the country. Poverty in this country is alarming, and that the other gods, that's to help with you, you can, what I will say, we will buy this bulletproof SUVs, we will buy this furniture, we will buy this air conditioner for 100 billion, it is criminal. And I feel disappointed, more disappointed, that even LP members in the house did not object. So which means the protocol is the same. The Nigeria that I know first died in 1966, with the decree 34, when regionalism was abolished. Then in 1978, some characters also killed the same Nigeria by imposing corruption-reading presidential system. And too often, as politicians, we tend to fractionalize and put ourselves in enclaves to enhance our personal interests. As we build up to the elections in Bailsa, Imo and Kugi, I wish to make this passionate appeal to all political actors. Let us empower the voices of our younger generation. They should not be pounced to be used in political games. Even for the leaders who effectively communicate with Nigerians to permeate the grassroots, it becomes difficult. So there is a communication gap. But he arrived at the conclusion that in spite of that, there is one common language that every Nigerian understands in terms of the expectation, and that common language is good governance. Intelligence-driven police force, working with security bodies at the state level, we ensure a security becomes history in Nigeria. So clearly, Nigerians want state police between now and 2027. With enabling laws, state governments have the capacity to ensure the development of this country. From the north to the south, east to the west, Nigerians want governments to be decentralized. Poverty in this country is alarming. And that they have that... On his part, the elder statesman, chief or law body judge, took a swipe on politicians saying they take life as if there is no tomorrow. Chief judge expressed and noted that the country must take another legal, the 1999 Constitution for Nigeria to reach the promised land. Put an end to the economic inequalities, injustice, unfairness in the distribution of our God-given resources and our financial wealth. A situation where a city senator collects 23 million Naira every month, a retired permanent secretary collects one million Naira every month as pension, and a retired military general collects 250,000 Naira as pension per month is despicable, shambolic, nonsensical, and outright systemic failure. How will the palliatives be distributed? A quick reminder of the 500 billion previously collected monthly and supposedly distributed without data or accountability calls for an in-depth investigation and punishment.