Okay, hi friends. We are going for the Yojana series and this month Yojana is June 2021 health and environment. So in this Yojana we are going to see two topics. The topics title is policy and practices. Next title is smart agriculture. So for this month we have only one video of Yojana because these two articles seem to be more relevant for our preparations. So we are going to focus on that. So the article is policy and practice written by Dr. Shubhash Sharma. Now if you see the credential of that author, a Rated IAS officer. So this immensely help our understanding the topic. So that is the reason why we always prefer to study Yojana and Gurushetra. Mostly people with experience in that particular domain will be writing this topics. This topic will be more from administrative angle. So what are the aspects regarding health for all? So that's a topic policy and practice health for all in that paragraph one page number 14. So this is about the historical perspective of health for all. Even envisaged a comprehensive integrated primary health care for all in Alma at a declaration in 1978 to promote equity and was driven by community needs. So in this the most important thing about health for all is so paragraph one health for all. There are two important criterias in that one is equity based and community needs based on community needs. So when you speak about health for all there should be the basic character. So you need to understand the difference between equity and equality. In public services the most important thing is equity. So understanding the historical disadvantages and providing the services that's called equity. That should be the criteria for health for all and community needs. What are the needs of the particular community need to be taken into consideration. So understanding the different nature of the communities needs and you are providing health for all. So where this we can use this information as this criteria of equity and community needs any social needs of the people right can be health education or related to weaker sections. You can relate all these ideas equity and community needs. And this is also historical perspective that Alma at a declaration of 1978 in 1978 itself the focus of health was taken into consideration. So that is in page number 14. Next we go for page number 15. We can put paragraph one paragraph two paragraph three and paragraph four is there. Okay. So in paragraph one so regarding this world development report had ranked common health care intervention according to the cost effectiveness. It's minimum health package for low income countries considered to be a word. One third of estimated disease burden and one fifth of middle income countries. So what we can understand based on this paragraph one is there's given by World Bank. So all development report of 1993. We'll see some factual information and see how it is related to our exam perspective. So health intervention. So health intervention mostly in a society is taken care by the government. Example of health intervention. Take example of primary health centers or insurance all can be related with health interventions. Okay. So health interventions mostly focusing on cost effectiveness. Focusing on cost effectiveness. And another most important thing we need to relate is especially countries like India when we come for health there's a term called out of pocket expenditure. What is out of pocket expenditure is now Indian society as citizens spend his own money for health that is called out of pocket expenditure. When public intervention is focusing on that to reduce this out of pocket expenditure there's a huge impact on health of public health of the society. So here they have given the fact that it's minimum health package for low income countries considered to avert one-third of estimated disease burden. If public health is concentrated on low income countries low income countries. So one-third disease burden one-third disease burden is reduced and that is around one-fifth for middle income countries that is one-fifth disease burden. So what we can understand from this factual information is sorry one-fifth just wait a minute okay. So one-fifth of disease burden is reduced. So what we can understand from this factual information is as per this world development report of 1993 when now there's a public intervention government intervention in health society's disease burden reduce a lot that is from in low income countries around one-third and middle income countries by one-fifth. This you can use it as an introduction for answers whenever government public expenditure is on health or any schemes on health is being promoted by the government. This factual information gives a very objective reason why we need to have government expenditure on health. So that's this is the factual information you can use for your answer writing whereas paragraph two structural adjustment or economic reforms during 1980s in poorest 37 countries public spending on health per head declined by half due to cuts in Mexico declining up to 60 percentage in Mexico declined 60 percentage. So what have happened is especially in late 1980s so we know that here we can relate with global events for understanding. So late 1980s and early 1990s you know that Cold War was ending and the era of socialism was ending especially communism. So a lot of changes happened in the society government and the economy that is called as structural adjustments. So this structural adjustments structural adjustments had a huge impact on public health or to give another example of structural adjustment is we can take India's 1991 that is LPG era where we moved from closed economy to open economy that's a structural adjustment and this structural adjustment have a huge impact on public health that is the data is being given. So where the public health cost is being public health cost is reduced by government. So as a failure of communism soon a lot of countries got into big trouble we can take India as an example. So that comes as structural changes where we went and asked the money with World Bank and IMF they asked to change the economy structure and they want to minimize a public expenditure and government's public expenditure first thing they touched upon us reducing the health expenditure and education expenditure these are certain understanding based on a preparation we get. So that is the point what they say in 1980s and structural adjustment happened public expenditure got the heavy beating and they have given some numbers for it for example in Mexico around 60 percentage. So examples Mexico 60 percentage public health expenditure was reduced. So you can understand what would be the impact on the society because government is not spending money especially in the developing countries where there is no great role of private players and also people doesn't have the affordability to pay the money for health services provided by the private. So this has a huge impact this is the information you can keep in mind. So any questions regarding LPGRS challenges or critical aspects you can give all these points. So they have given some points in paragraph 3 we just clubbed it we can say take few points which is more for understanding purpose what are the consequences because of the structural adjustment what are the consequences or impact. So they have given first points in states retract from development intervention there was a massive decline public investment health sector like social subjects education welfare of the private sections. We already saw that after structural adjustment government was reducing the expenditure and they were focusing on social infrastructure like health that has an impact on public health that is what given here. So ultimately what happens there was a huge shortage of doctors supporting medical stuff leading to patients bound to go to private clinics because government is not spending money on public health especially start with not creating any infrastructures and not recruiting people so all this has an impact on the system. So that is given in paragraph 0.2 and also there was a shortage of medical equipments drugs pathological facilities in public health institutions reduced mere writing of prescription patients were compelled to buy medicines from open market. So this is all we can see in our Indian system also when we go for government hospitals right now they provide medicines which we cannot buy it there because of shortages we need to go for private place where they need to pay the money. And also when you say public health it is not only about hospitals they are all supporting services need to be provided for example there need to be lab example if we need to have a blood collection blood camps so that we can collect the samples and make a test. So all this labs need to be created as public health expenditures being reduced government behind to put a restriction on these type of allied aspects in health sectors that is the point they given and also another point because of opening up of the market and all private doctors began to put high heavy fees on the health services and also due to fifth point due to laxity of state regulatory apparatus even government doctors supporting stuff started giving more time their private clinics. So there was no proper regulations after opening up of the market structural adjustment where government doctors also have a private practice after the duty hours so that is a conflict of interest. So what they'll do is in when the public health center when a patient comes means they ask to visit evening to their private clinics all this was happening so these are the things what they have listed out and due to the retreat of state in providing subsidized food sanitation facilities there was rising communicable non-communicable diseases. Now please understand health is not only about curative so we'll see that its health is not about curative even preventive so when you say preventing means even before arising the diseases we can prevent those diseases it is possible by taking care of the environment of the people what is that environment proper food proper drinking water good sanitation public sanitation all these need to be provided as the expenditure of the government reducing on these areas so disease burden of the people increase a lot so that is given. So next last seventh point is more about free market or invisible hand was based on the individual care considered as a private good but in most of the developing clinics there was no improvement quality of health care. Please understand this concept of free market may be suitable for a developed economies where people are well aware of their rights and also private players there is a proper competition and proper regulation was exist is existing so that is maybe suitable for a developed economies whereas in developing economy everything is nascent stage so free market sometimes also results in bad outcomes so that is what the points they given for seven points about structural adjustments that is paragraph three okay paragraph three is about consequence of structural adjustments mostly negative consequences is given here okay and whereas in paragraph four they listed out Cuba has sustained right to ensure cataract operation of all old people at public facilities there is equitable health service delivery with regulate regulation like three years of compulsory rural service for doctors and nurses and radical shift in funding away from urban hospital primary health care across Thailand Cuba so these are some of the case studies which you can use it in your answer writing so Cuba case study of doctors Cuba's case studies of doctors rural service so if you are a doctor in Cuba it is compulsory for you as per government regulation three years you need to spend in rural areas of Cuba providing health services so this can be a point where you can use it as you can use it in your answer writing regarding health in rural India what can be done in rural India for improving health one of the major problem is doctors are not ready to work in rural India because there is a different incentive structure in urban India and compared with rural India because in urban India there are a lot of hospitals with modern technologies so doctors can enhance their skill and knowledge about that particular medical practices where rural India that is not a situation so doctors are not going there apart from other personal reasons so to avoid that what in Cuba they have done is it's a compulsory one if you are a doctor to go for three years in rural services this you can use it in your answer writing for any questions regarding health in rural India based on this case study you can say this as an example in your answers saying that in Cuba we have they have done like this we can also have the model in India so that may be the reason we need to focus on this particular piece of information and also they have shifted funding from urban hospitals to primary health centers these are some factual information you can use it next thing is paragraph 2 so in paragraph 2 it's about national health policy 2017 so national health policy 2017 of India is given here so what is the target is 2.5 percentage so 2.5 percentage of GDP on health expenditure so that is the most important thing that's a target given a national health policy whereas right now the current portion is around 1.26 1.26 percent of GDP current so whereas the target is 2.5 and 2.5 percent of GDP is an immense economic value which can be focused on public health expenditure and one of the advantage of this expenditure is as I already mentioned that in India we have this out of pocket expenditure especially in rural India and in a family if a breadwinner is facing some health issues they need to spend all their savings on health again that person need to be an employable person after this health issues are over all these complications are there ultimately that results making a family to put under poverty if something goes wrong the family goes under poverty if that need to be avoided if government is pumping in large money in health infrastructures and health services to the target of 2.5 percentage of GDP that reduces out of pocket expenditure which has an impact on poverty which reduces poverty in India so there's a link in this aspect when government focusing on health health expenditure so national health policy they have given a target of 2.5 percentage of GDP in that they say that 70 percentage will be on 70 sorry okay I'll just go for here in this around 70 percentage will be on primary health care 70 percentages will be on primary health care so which we can relate with rural areas very basic health services primary health care 70 percentage expenditures will be focused so in health services there is terms like primary secondary and tertiary tertiary is considered to be the most specialized health services so a specialist specialist doctors and all comes in this or to be give a layman term we have this term like multi-speciality multi-speciality speciality hospitals that's all a tertiary care high-end treatments or government says that in this 2.5 percentage 70 percentage will focus on primary health care mostly who gets benefited out of this rural India so that's in paragraph 2 as in paragraph 3 there's a factual information which you can use it in your answer writing so as per WHO standards doctor to population ratios 1 to 1000 so in any society if that's 1000 people that should be one doctor for 1000 people that's WHO standards whereas India's ratios 1 to 1400 whereas rural India it's very vast 1 to 11000 this information you can use it in your answer writing for example doctors to population ratio doctors to population ratio that is 1 to 1000 as per WHO standards that is 1 to 1400 in India it's all India average so all India average is 1 to 1400 but in rural India it's very vast so this factual information you can use it in using your answer writing why in rural India health is not properly taken care one of the reason is because of presence of doctor so doctors is specialized services where they make all the decisions regarding health because they have the necessary qualification if the doctors is not present there ultimately that has an impact on health services this factual information you can use it in your answer writing this once it becomes very subjective because most of your friends what they write as an answer is why rural India health is not good they say that there is no lack of doctors that will be written by everyone but if you give this factual information 1 to 11000 that impresses the examiner very well so keep that in mind this factual information and also another most important thing why in rural India that's given in paragraph 4 so why in rural India health is not good as apart from this most of the primary health centers and health centers are almost defended in many North Indian states only asha workers for pharmacist nurse sometimes visit there further there is no facilities like bed medicine pathological test labs nothing but especially rural India lack of doctor is one and poor infrastructures so poor infrastructure is another biggest problem in rural India's health infrastructure especially North India again you can relate this factual in from it is informations regarding uneven development in India and what are the reason why UPB development is very less all this information this this cannot be the primary aspect of the answer but you can support this point saying that that that may that may be another aspects of poor development because once a person get health complications if there is no proper treatment already we see the cycle one of the reason is government's infrastructure is not properly taken care so that is paragraph 4 next thing is paragraph 5 east station region okay in India about 47 percent 47 percent children are underweight so this is another factual information this is regarding malnourishment or malnutrition around 47 percentage of children's this is the alarming number please understand out of 100 people in India around 47 or not 100 people around for 100 100 children's in India around 47 children's are considered to be malnourished what is malnourishment without proper nutrients in their food this has a huge impact on physical growth and cognitive skills what is cognitive skills is ability to analyze the informations make additions because of this lack of nutrient in their food their metabolism and other factors will not be good so they can't make any conscious decisions so what are the impact of this particular information is so any country's children is considered to be the future because they are the future leaders future workers and their future human resources in that dimension 47 percentage of children's are considered to be malnourished this is the biggest area where government need to focus on this information you can also write in your answers regarding focusing on children policies on children I think there was once a question regarding what are the provisions of national child policy this information you can write it probably the child policy will be addressing this problem okay our next thing is what is the outcome of this malnourishment that is given in paragraph 6 so paragraph 5 and paragraph 6 severe acute malnourishment increases with chronic poverty lack of education inadequate low nutrition diet lack of clean water and sanitation so when you take malnourishment that is some aggravating factors what is aggravating factors other factors also propel the malnourishment they have given all these things like poverty lack of education of mothers new lack of nutrient diet and lack of clean water and sanitation all these factors increases malnourishment and right now they have given some ranks of global hunger index where India's rank is one or two out of one one seven this facts changes every year please check that this global hunger index this can be a plume question go and check which organization is releasing this global hunger index sorry what are the criterias for it how they measure this global hunger index and similarly we have a certain index like global food security index go and check all these indexes what are the factors on which it is being decided and which organization is working on it and what is India's rank and also for I am saying all this from plumes perspective apart from this you also need to go and check India's neighborhood ranks sometimes if UPS you want to ask a tough question they can ask from comparative scale so what is India's rank and what is Bangladesh rank they can give a statement Bangladesh is where ahead of India and global hunger index that you need to know what so these informations you can relate in plumes angle so right now that is in paragraph 6 next we go for page number 17 so paragraph 1 that is environment for health so if you want to improve health what are the focus on that aspect is first and foremost thing is swachh Bharat Abhyan so right now government is focusing on swachh Bharat Abhyan so it's more about clean India we know that if there is a clean society that has a impact on health also so clean India is one swachh Bharat Abhyan and balanced healthy diets and regular exercise so this is also aspect what government focusing on diet and physical activity where government is giving greater focus to give an example of this fit India movement is one such example a government is promoting this idea of fit India movement okay next thing is to avoid substances to avoid substances like alcohol tobacco drugs all this part of this and also avoid road accidents avoid road accidents this is also part of this environment for health and next thing is avoid gender violence avoid gender violence avoid gender violence and reducing stress so reducing stress and reducing air pollution and you will wonder how all this will be related to health first few point seems to be very close to health and how other things like avoiding road accident avoiding gender violence reducing stress please understand these are all factors which has a huge impact on health for example avoiding road accident probably road accidents will happen in a family if that is a breadwinner that has a huge impact on the family's health it's a indirect aspect similarly we take gender violence especially women is considered to be the health managers of the family because they take care of the family in the health dimensions because especially in rural India I think in the previous eogena we studied that women play a major role in collecting waters and the quality of water that knowledge traditional knowledge women has a great aspect and domestic violence against or any gender based violence will have biggest impact on health these are not not directly you can relate it just a common understanding we need to have reducing stress is regarding mental health and air pollution which has impact on health aspect so this is regarding paragraph one and paragraph two these are some case studies done in India which you can use it for your answer writing that is UP government's toilets initiators the Izath gar so there's a toilet initiative in UP and which has a positive impact on health so that you can use it in your answer writing and also so there is information is given for sustainable water management the current economic system needs a paradigm shift and water sources should not be privatized so these are community resource for local people and their future generation water for healthy life so that is this opinion given by the author saying that water is the most important resources she should not privatize the water it should be a community resource so that point if you are accepting you can also use it in your answer writing water is a community resource water is a community resource not not as commodity not as commodity so next thing is paragraph five it's more sorry paragraph four it's more about mental health when you say health means always keep in mind it's not only about diseases it's also related to mental health they have given some factual information so in india around 13 percentage okay they have given some numbers of mental health statistics where 13 percentage of mental health people need active intervention so these are some factual information is given so so the most important information which we need to keep in mind is so so 80 percentage of people doesn't have health insurance no health insurance so this is the most important fact you can write into your answer writing no health insurance and 28 percentage of global 28 percentage of global suicides happen in india so these are the factual information you can use it in your answer writing and especially this suicide you can relate with mental health along with the other facts are more about mental health related facts for facts for example so 49 percentage have mental health facility within 25 kilometers and 26 percentage of people have no mental mental health facility within 15 kilometer 50 kilometer radius these are the informations you can read write in regarding mental health these two information is general for health so you can use these two informations most important 80 percentage have no health insurance 28 percentage of global suicides happens in india okay so this is the first article policy and practices the next article what we are going to going to see is regarding smart agriculture so agriculture is one important sector of indian economy when you say indian economy we can split into three sectors one is agriculture manufacturing and services and basic facts about indian agriculture you need to what are those basic facts is they say agriculture means basic facts i'll just list out the areas where you need to work on the facts one is gdp contribution or what you call this gva so gdp contribution what is this agriculture's contribution and next thing is employment out of 100 indians how many are working in agriculture next you can relate with reinfit there's a term called reinfit agriculture so what percentage of agriculture comes under reinfit so all this information you need to keep in mind even you can say about women participation all this thing you just work on the factual informations which you can write it in your answer writing and this topic is smart agriculture from the topic itself we can have a clue that smart agriculture means more focusing more on technology based in agriculture so that is what it is the primary focus is and here given the such values correct if you take we'll i'll just list out paragraph one paragraph two paragraph three paragraph four paragraph five so in paragraph one so agriculture and allied sectors allied sector means dairy and fishery is all are related 55 55 percentage of indian populations livelihood so that is what i have said so employment is around 55 percentage out of 100 people 55 people depend upon agriculture directly or indirectly and accounted for 17 percentage of gva so if you take gdp contribution is rooted as gdp but you can put as gva it's around 17 percentage or 18 percentage of contribution if 100 rupees is earned in india 18 rupees comes from agriculture but the irony is where 55 person is involved in it out of 100 people working in india 55 people are involved in agricultural activity activity but their contribution to the economy is only 18 percentage which clearly shows that how our agriculture is very skewed where productivity is very low but by this understanding these two facts okay that is in paragraph one facts about agriculture okay that's paragraph two so the importance of agriculture is agriculture output is used as used in as input for various industries correct input for various industries so what we can understand is the industrial economy of the country is closely linked with agriculture so industrial economy is closely linked with agriculture how to understand this is right now take example of sugar production where agriculture output is acquired here so these are good examples how agriculture and industries are closely linked manufacturing activities are closely linked one is example of sugar what we saw similarly jute results in packaging so all this we can relate here that's given in paragraph two show the importance of agriculture and paragraph three some of the challenges in agriculture the average size of farm holding in the country is just over 1 hectare so farm holding in india is 1 hectare so 1 hectare and with small and marginal farmers holding around 85 86 percentage of the total so so if you go for small and marginal farmers small and marginal farmers holding 86 percentage of a land there's another fact so what are the problem in this is so these are the issues in indian agriculture regarding land holding pattern what is land holding pattern means in indian agriculture we take farm hold farm land holding its average is 1 hectare out of all all indians average is 1 hectare which is very small and in this also small and marginal farmers holding is 86 percentage you need to go and find what are called as small farmers and marginal farmers as per indian agricultural system so ultimately what are the outcome is when the land holding is small ultimately the decision making of the farmers changes what the decision making of the farmers changes because you have only one nectar a small land holding you never invest in technology because investing in technology getting the output that's cost benefit analysis equated your cost will be more high when compared with the benefit so you never focus on investing on new technologies what are the outcome of this when you're not investing on new technologies indian agriculture will be a subsistence agriculture what are the subsistence agriculture means where in agriculture practices a farmer do agriculture goes for his personal consumption and if there is any extra he goes for the markets to sell in the market so these are the problems starting with small land holding so that is what given here so technology and other inputs would improve the efficiency but they'll not do it apart from this a lot of intermediaries also there so other problems in indian agriculture is regarding that is given here that is middlemen so middlemen is the other biggest problem in indian agriculture apart from credit issues so credit is another biggest problem that is money to farmers so right now government is addressing all this problem for middlemen government is going for this enum electronic national agriculture market so you can try to avoid the middlemen so all these are some of the solutions given by the government where in paragraph 5 so here in paragraph 5 it's about technology and agriculture so to improve the yield efficiency and profitability lot of new technologies are being used in agriculture so what are those technologies one is iot internet of things big data artificial intelligence mission learning drones sensors so technology is being used in in agriculture especially to increase the efficiency productivity and yield so this topics right like iot big data artificial intelligence mission learning drones sensors you do a basic understanding of all these terms this can be a problem science and technology question apart from this you also need to work on how this will impact our agriculture that is what we are going to see that can be for your main sensor writing so right now we go for page number 36 paragraph 1 so using predictive technologies to detect erratic weather sensors to map the specific type of climate and soil and area mission learning algorithm that determine the appropriate crop based on this data can substantially improve the quality and quantity of yield in dairy and livestock vertical the use of sensors to monitor the health and nutrition of cattle and drones to track track herds can improve efficiency and traceability so they have given the scope of this technologies in Indian agriculture for example we take agriculture and technology what the scope is so weather forecast mission learning based cropping pattern okay sensors for monitoring animals so these are the potential of technology in agriculture so this can be effectively used by farmers to increase the yield and productivity in agriculture so that is given in paragraph 1 and some of the notable that is paragraph 2 some of the notable agree startups in these area of technology is they have given some examples like fossil clover cropping and into low into labs so these are some of the examples right now in India where agree startups are using technology for improving agriculture when now you get time just go and check all these companies what is their primary activity or to get in given another way just have a write up of four to five lines about all these companies what they are doing in which area they are doing so your answers will be more lively and more interesting to read that's given in paragraph 2 and there's a box of central government initiatives and state government initiatives regarding use of technology in agriculture one such thing is right now soil health card mobile app is being developed using of GIS coordinates for registering the location of the sample and all those things this information you can also use it in your answer writing these are some of the initiatives of the Indian government and state government of using technology for agriculture so that is given in page number 36 and if you go for page number 37 paragraph 1 so paragraph 2 so in paragraph 1 on page number 37 so they also give some important changes need to be used in technology based solution most important thing is localized informations so localized information need to be considered in providing solutions that is the most important thing so they say that never give one size fits all solution localized recommendation which are sensitive to geographical social culture and demographic requirements the fragment and unorganized sector of the agriculture that involves multiple level of intermediaries in a station of small holders to undertake technology that would not be commercially viable and cost effective so what are challenges in agribus technology and solutions one is you need to focus on local information a localized information to be promoted understanding the socio cultural needs socio cultural needs that is one important aspects and apart from this adaptation especially if you go for farmers they always love to maintain status quo status quo is a term which says that they does not want to change anything so you need to convince the farmers to adopt new technologies that is also biggest challenge so that is also given in the paragraph 2 that is the adoption and penetration of technologies slow process that diminishes investors interest that is given and lack of synergy between various advices and they disconnect from on-ground situation also perpetuate low uptake of smart technologies so another biggest problem is so disconnect so disconnect on the ground so they give some recommendation where it seems to be not relevant to that particular issue so that is called disconnect from the on-ground situations so people not ready to go for smart these are some of the challenges of smart agriculture so these are the informations in these two articles so right now we go for a question so this is a previous question so same this previous question is related to health so right now you can see the display of the question first we need to understand what is universal health coverage so that is the question's primary focus and the first part of the question says that public health system has limitations universal health coverage here means if you say universal health means it's not only about providing medicines and having hospitals apart from this it is a very holistic one or this holistic one starting with drinking water sanitation nutritional diet all is part of this universal health and also the most important thing about universal health is it also have some key terms so what are these key terms in universal health is one is preventive promotive curative and rehabilitative these are four dimensions of universal health one is promotive health creating awareness about health our next thing is preventive make sure that this is never raised this is never in in in the society and curative someone is having that particular diseases we need to cure them and rehabilitative make sure that they are again taken into this society these are the four dimensions of universal health also keep that in mind so with this context if you approach the question it will be easy to answer the question so I repeat again universal health means it's not only about hospitals and medicines it includes holistic aspect of health right from drinking water to education to nutritional diet that is one dimension apart from this another dimension of universal health is one is promotive preventive curative and rehabilitative so these are the important elements you keep in mind first part of the question is public health system has limitation in providing universal health coverage so how we can find the answer for this question is when you go for the pre article what we discussed about policy and practices there are some informations which you can use it for your answers what are the limitations of the government in public health one you can say the limitations of doctor presence which we have some factual information especially in rural India and government expenditure on health is very less and we can give the reason what will be the impact on public health that you can say and apart from this there are some set of facts given here and there are seven points after structural adjustment what happened in India not happened in the global level regarding public health take example shortage of doctors shortage of institutions so all this can be an answer for the first part of the question so there are three parts of the question the first part of the question you just concentrate what are the limitations on the government in providing public health where this information of this article can effectively be used to address the question first paragraph you need to say what is universal health so the examiner can easily understand that then you say about what are the limitations in public health in this universal health coverage so why the government cannot be the sole provider of universal health so that is one part of the answer and second part is whether private sector can help this gap then you can say the answer yes private sector can play a major role in this how private sector can play a major role for example they can leverage the technology in providing public health like telemedicine they can effectively use telemedicine to connect with rural India and the most specialized doctors in hospitals can be using that to provide the diagnosis and procedures at the rural levels so that can be done and also when you take for other areas of universal health for example it can be insurance or it can be drinking water nutritional diet all this where the role of public health can be effectively so role of private place can be effectively enhanced so allowing private place insurance that helps in improving health insurance in India so this all the points you can say and you can say that private place can play a major role in it and third part of the question is any other viable alternatives they are asking the suggestion with you so what you what we can say is apart from this we can also promote all alternative medicines which is accessible for the people which can improve the public health so right now we have the ministry for that Ayush so this was a question two or three years before so ultimately you can see that what are the viable alternatives is like this preventive medicine especially focusing on traditional medicines of India that can be promoted and mostly we can focus on creating awareness that should be the more viable one and this awareness can be done using technologies like especially if you take urban India where technology can be leveraged properly like apps can be developed so this is an area where they're asking about some solutions from you so it's the most key word is viable alternative you should not write your own imagination how to improve the public health whether it can be implementable so that should be the primary factor right like Ayush is one such thing so promoting yoga is another one so all this can be said as a complete answer okay thank you


That's your element of defense against these bad guys Yeah, we on boss talk one-on-one.  That's real so I put another one Let me catch another prison niggas on on social media You niggas ain't doing domestic is operating taking care of business you Tantra niggas.  We fur got together We knew the way it she did me like that one time. I ain't going no motherfucking world 9-1-1. I got about the movie.   I Went I'm just documented. I studied law. I work on laws I'm gonna keep beating these niggas cuz they can't thank past a emotions. Wow, that's Torsten white man That's good stuff, man. Say man. Yeah. Yeah so grip Mac is that one of the reasons why he called and told That boy Adam 22. Yeah. Yeah, don't put him on the show Interview anybody but not that custer. Well, this what this what they don't want to admit Didn't nobody show that nigga how to trademark his name till I said somebody trademarking his name His name was open to be trademark when I looked into it His name was open to be copy written when I looked into it after your show They got on it. They got right on it notice now. He got a shirt with his little big head big head on it now He didn't have that before I started telling him he got the he getting millions of views He only charging two hundred dollars for interviews You get millions on some of the biggest platform in the world nigga. You're charging two hundred dollars I checked him about that now. He went up to a thousand I told him what he's supposed to be doing.  No way else.  It's just crazy how you had to I mean it's crazy because you helping him at The same time where he feels like he being hurt, which is well I heard him. Oh, I wasn't trying to hurt him. I would really I would drop in game You know dropping something down on the ground for the hungry ham But I insulted him because he insulted me. So I was being petty.  Why wouldn't nobody else tell this guy about these opportunities?     Yeah, so it ain't for me to keep it to myself mm-hmm It ain't for me to keep it to myself But that was a that was that was a good that was a good pass You put out the right way because like I said and they don't give you talk to them to the right way Like I said, okay, if you tell them right to him right now calm say try to make a name He's not gonna do it. No, you had to give it to So so you get you some bobbleheads You know so throwing sit out there at it Nigga if you don't trade mark your name in three weeks.  He paid me two thousand a thousand dollars an hour One of the most boring Many views I ever done boy were long grown out boy. Remother man. I but I had $2,000 I got a thousand before the interview even jumped off and before we even push play to start to record I got another thousand right there Wow Wow, but Dope interview I've been watching it. Oh, you made that that interview is nice, man Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, that nigga charge in the bad You can't deny that they be trying to deny it. Uh, but yeah, man, uh, just captivating and mesmerizing with truth Yeah, uh unadulterated unapologetic truth


Thanks for checking out this unboxing video and this one is the January 2017 horror block This is it this is gonna be my last horror block for now I have not totally closed the door on going back to horror block at some point into the future But I've had some issues recently customer service related. I don't really like how the company's been running So It's too much of a headache at this point for me to even deal with this company right now So I'm stopping I let the customer service representative. No, I will if I hear that things are getting better Maybe I will come back in the future. I don't know but right now I'm preferring other boxes You know, I just signed up for box of dread which I did my first unboxing recently and I'm still with the BAM box Which I love and it's great so let me give you the background on Why I'm leaving this because I said during my box of dread unboxing that I would tell you the deal with this So if you watched I'm gonna reference some past videos so go back and watch them and you'll understand what I'm talking about So my horror block for November, I believe it was for November 2016 horror block I had the issue where I had the shirt that was supposed to be in there was not in there in fact and I Contacted them and they were like well We sent you two shirts to make up for it from shirt punch But those shirts had absolutely nothing to do with horror and the reason I get horror block is for Horror so I was like that doesn't solve this what you really should have done is Call me email me something and ask me is it okay if we send you two totally unrelated shirts or What ended up happening in the end, which was a good move was they gave me credit for shirt punch Website, which is their sister company that does all their shirts and said here's the credit to cover the cost of any shirt and shipping Pick any horror shirt from there that you want and it's yours You know to make up for it So I didn't I did end up getting three shirts out of this whole thing when I was only supposed to get one initially But that's on them and that's just bad business in my opinion. You should have done it right the first time It's contact the customer. It's not hard It would have cost you less in this instance and what it cost me a lot of frustration actually both of us It would have cost everyone a lot of frustration So the other thing is keep your keep your shirts stocked properly I know other people had problems with that month. So it's just crazy. I don't know so anyway, so I picked out a shirt It was a really cool shirt. You can I don't know if it's still on the site But you can go look it was basically a Jack Skellington and Freddie Krueger mashup, which looked really good I mean, it's an excellent shirt. They make very quality shirts. So it was a really nice shirt. I was excited about it It had been a while and I was just like what is going on I think it been like three weeks or so and I contacted their customer service and was like hey I'm waiting on this one shirt that I ordered like three weeks ago. What's the deal and they were like, well We're we're kind of behind on on it and it should ship out within the next bunch of weeks So long story short. I didn't get my shirt until six weeks After I ordered it a month and a half to get one t-shirt That is unacceptable. That is more than unacceptable coming from a company, especially a big company like nerd block Especially when nerd block has been calling out other companies namely Bambox for their bad November box And then they have all these problems. So I have a problem when you call somebody else out and then you go and Basically screw me over numerous times. I mean, it's just not good. So Long story short, I did get the shirt.  I can order from any other company and I'm gonna get that shirt with any week You know, it's gonna ship within 24 to 48 hours. Most likely Ridiculous insane.   They ended up giving me some credit towards shirt punch for some more items Which by the way, like they were like we're gonna give you a hundred thousand Shirt punch points and I was like, okay I mean that sounds good and then there and then I kind of complained a little bit more and they were like Well, we'll give you another hundred thousand or give you two hundred thousand for your troubles I was like, that's really nice and then I looked into the conversion rate It's so deceptive 200,000 shirt punch points is ten dollars each one hundred thousand points is five Dollars and a lot of times in these boxes. They include For nothing little cards that are worth ten dollars. So you really didn't do that much for me You know, I mean I appreciate it, but I don't appreciate it because it's kind of deceptive I don't know. So I just I don't want to deal with the headaches anymore. I'm done done done With the nerd block company for now done, I Mean I wish them luck. I hope they rebound and you know, if you are still having nothing but Great times with nerd block more power to you because this kind of stuff doesn't happen to everyone obviously But for me, it seems like I'm getting all of it and it's sucking. So I'm I just can't do it anymore but I wish them well and For that reason, I'm not all that excited for this box because it's my last one and I'm kind of done with the company but I do hope that it's good because You know, I bought it. I want it to be good. I want to have cool stuff So the items for this one That were promised were something from my bloody Valentine Which I don't know if that's gonna be the remake that was in 3d Which I did see in the theater or the original which unfortunately I have not seen yet and they have bad on me I should have But I will at some point So I don't know which one of those and then Resident Evil because makes sense there's a new resident evil movie out and Then a Silence of the Lambs. Yes So I'm really hoping the Silence of the Lambs item is really really good Preferably maybe the t-shirt that'd be great But regardless hope there's good stuff and I think they said four or five of the things should be exclusive. So, you know Hopefully they're good exclusives. There's something big in here. It feels like it might be a Mug, which if it's a cool mug, I'm down, but it might not even be we'll find out. What is this? This is I Don't even know what this is Is this like a reference to the mummy I guess? It looks like it's a reference to the mummy. I Mean, it's okay. Why does he have extra? This acts of extra pupils. I guess I'm just not getting the reference to it. It's okay It's okay. It just seems kind of nondescript and This shirt smells really weird. I mean it'll come out with a wash But like the one that I got the Jack Skellington Freddy Krueger mash-up once smelled like Elmer's glue when I got it Which was really weird some odd smells coming from that company right now um, I Don't know. I'm not huge on this shirt like some people might really like it. I just I Don't know. It seems kind of nondescript to me. I'm not a fan. Really Next Was this a beanie? It's a beanie Silence of the lambs beanie Not Not anything I would have thought would actually I don't know. I wouldn't never thought this would be the science of lambs like them a science of lambs be I'm kind of cool with that. I think it's kind of cool um, I mean it is cold at the moment outside and Like science of the lambs. This is kind of this isn't outside of the box. No pun intended Idea to put, you know, science of lambs on a beanie. I like it The patch looks okay. Actually it looks a little It's a little blurry But the quality feels good. So that's fine It's cool. I'll I'll wear this. I'll rock it. I'm okay with that. Okay. I'm okay The shirt not so much. Let me go this big item. It's kind of in the way. Oh Okay, there's chocolate Pop this Oh Maybe it's a glass a mug. It is it's a glass. It's a glass of sorts. That's cool. Oh This is cool. I like this This is like one of those like I'm gonna put this down one of those like jaw mason jar type Glasses, I don't know if you've ever seen this before and it just says poison on it Which is cool. I mean the logo looks good You can even put just put this out for display for like Halloween or something that would work for that You could drink out of it. Whatever you want. I don't have any horror themed glasses So it's actually kind of cool to get something like this. Um, I like it. It's pretty cool established 1915 poison That's cool. That's cool There's really nothing wrong with that one I'm right with that next item is Resident Evil stars badge diecast replica Interesting. Oh, okay, so I guess it's a badge for stars Which I'm not really big on I'm not really up to date so much on my resident evil I saw the first one or two movies and then I quit after that But basically it's the raccoon police department badge and it is metal It's kind of you know, it's magnetic too apparently so you could just put it on your Put on my fridge or something. It's okay. It's not bad here. Make sure you can see it. Okay. There you go stars raccoon city Raccoon police department doesn't say down here special tactics and rescue service You can see that Or if it's just no, it looks like it's probably just straight up blurry, but trust me. That's what it says Um, that's interesting. I mean, it's a magnet. That's kind of cool people could really be in the magnets I know some people who really are so that's not a bad item next item is a pin Okay, come on. Why haven't you been doing more pins up until now?   So obviously jaws reference Check that. I'm sorry. My hands are kind of shaky. I have a central tremor, but Amity Island swim club, that's cool. See, that's nice and it's got like the buoy in there and What else is oh, it's like a shark fin, but I Don't know it looks a little weird around the water line. You see what I mean Like right here, it looks like there's a bit of a shark fin But then there's something like a sock hanging off the end. It's kind of weird. That's sort of Cool concept though. The fact that says Amity Island swim club has got the buoy in it. That's nice I like that. That's cool The first time they've done a pin. There are a lot of items in here actually Next one Camp Crystal Lake Pine scented air freshener I don't really have any use for anything like this I can give it to someone I work with. I mean the design on it looks really cool. Gotta be honest like that's a pretty dope Design Yeah, you see it I'll give this to someone else. I like the design. It's a really cool design Someone really like having this but I mean an air freshener. It's kind of like Not too bad though. Yeah, that's all right next. There's a lot of stuff in here. Oh my god, oh Okay, this this makes me happy. Thank you horror block. I was really hoping for this because They usually have room org in it and I was like, oh my god I really hope they give me one of the special room org books Especially the most recent one that they released because I'm a huge paint fan of that huge fan huge fan of the movie Phantasm phantasm one and two. I'm down with three and four. I haven't seen five yet But phantasm one and two love it. Love the tall man and a scrim RIP So they put out a film companion for phantasm, which For me is just I saw this item and I was like I don't want to have to purchase this because I think it's like 15 bucks or something And I was kind of like, oh god, it could be in my last horror block But I'm not sure it probably won't be Because they could have gone with just the the January February issue of room org and put that in but this Yet it is it's 1495 so it's 15 bucks Okay, I have to say thank you to horror block Oh, it's a nerd block company on this one because I really really really wanted this and that That's nice. That makes me feel a little bit of a warm and fuzzy for a nerd block right now. I mean, thank you That's great. I'm very happy about that. That should probably be it.  It just looks like a postcard. Oh, I guess it's haha just in time for Valentine's Day, which is pretty clever and cool The design looks great. I'll keep it.  He just does great stuff. I know he has a website to check it out. It's really cool stuff This was a good idea, but I don't think that they should have actually Put my bloody valentine out there is like one of the ones they were hyping because it's just a Postcard, you know, like that's not a huge item to like hype So I don't know you could have more done more hyping, you know jaws basically Oh, although this might not be a licensed item. Haha. That's probably why Mm-hmm, so you may not have been able to for that reason. Okay. I think that should be it. Oh, they started doing this Okay, I'll look through this in a second, but yes, okay, so I got my I got my $10 Shirtpunch credit which I was really hoping they would give me in this box because I saw something on the store that I really want to get Which is the pinhead from Hellraiser Funko Pop And I went to buy it with my $10 credit but with shipping I would have to actually have to pay something so I was like I'm gonna wait until I get my last horror block and see if I get one of these and then I won't have to pay anything That's what I'm doing. Ha Thank you So I find this kind of tacky The fact that they are now doing these little booklets Just like the BAM box does exactly like BAM box does pretty much So I find it tacky for that reason because they were talking a lot of shit about BAM box And then they go and do something like this and rip them off so But it looks like they actually have some more information in here like they have Freddy Kruger's most creative kills Which is a cool idea That's cool. So it's like kind of like a mini article. What else do they have in here? They have a Q&A with someone They explain all the items in here. Yeah, the shirt is a mummy shirt Remark Phantasm book. Yeah, everything everything was the same Yeah items items And then They have something about Marvel versus DC in the back or in the back if you like that you're into that kind of stuff And yeah What is this nerd of the year nerd block is declaring 2017 nerd of the year? Okay? Okay, so Kind of biting off BAM box by putting all that in here Actually, it's kind of more like Luke crate. I guess because Luke crate does this and they have actual additional articles, but You know, I don't know so recap That's cool That's cool This is cool because what it's gonna mean for me, that's cool, but as an item I don't know and I think they kind of like shouldn't have hyped this. I don't know but but your vision does a good job That's fucking awesome amazing incredible for me personally This is kind of a what whatever item, but it's designed well, and I can probably give it to someone This is a little bit of like a whatever as well, but it's for me, but someone might like it It's a decent concept This I was totally not expecting came out of left field, but kind of cool. I'm okay with it and this Don't like really really don't like it. It's just me But overall I am happy Quite happy actually with my final Horror block. I am glad that went out on a high note Which means I will be more apt to really pay attention in the in the future give it a bunch of months maybe a year or so Listen to what people are saying about their customer service and how things are running and then maybe at some point I might go back, but I don't think I would go back as a Continual subscriber, maybe it'd be like oh, I'll do this one, and then I'll drop off And then I'll do another one based off what they're hyping to be their items, so You know, but thank you nerve block for this good one. I'm very happy. I went out on high note the last few I felt like we're not all that great. So this is a pretty decent turnaround in my opinion So hopefully it stays like this for everyone who's still subscribing. I'm out I will still be doing BAM box though and box of dread and also a little teaser for people If you know what big old box of stuff is or as people refer to it Bobo's I wrote her to Bobo's in Like early to mid November, so that's supposed to be on its way. They're just behind and you know, it's a really small company It's just a family does it so it's really not it's not their fault. They're just behind But that'll be fun. That'll come up at some point, but anyway, thank you everyone for checking out this unboxing I really appreciate it. That's it for horror block for me for now But let me know if there are any other boxes out there. You think I should check out But until then it's BAM box and it's box of dread Hopefully box of dread can stick around because I heard they're having financial problems, but please stick around But thank you everyone for checking this out and as always keep it brutal


Hi, my name is Jerica. I am from Hamilton, Ontario. My program is the SHAY program. It stands for Strengthening Hamilton Aboriginal Education. It is a program between the Hamilton Regional Indian Center and the Hamilton Welfare District School Board, and it's a collaborative program that aims to provide education for ages 14 to 21 at the secondary level with the goal of students achieving their OSSD or their Ontario Secondary School Diploma with cultural support. We measure success in the program by collaboratively meeting every other month between the Hamilton Welfare Welfare District School Board and the Hamilton Regional Indian Center, and we meet to talk about student success. That could be in any area from credits and what they're achieving academically to what they're achieving in their own social, emotional, and spiritual goals, and we try to provide additional support to have students who are able to reach their goals while at the same time trying to achieve those credits, but we understand that students can't achieve academically until they're supported and nurtured in those social, emotional, and spiritual ways. So we track all of the services that students are referred to. We track all the credits that they received during the school year. We also ensure that they're getting all the necessary supports, and so we also have the students plan the timetable so that everybody's held accountable. We don't put them into kind of random credits. We make sure that it's thoughtful and it's meaningful to them, so this semester we're running Indigenous history. We're running and designing your future credit where they've asked for all the activities that we're doing from a rent smart program that the Hamilton Regional Indian Center offers to getting their CPR and first-aid training to have more of a competitive summer job program for themselves so that they can compete with other students in the city, and then they wanted to know more about history, so we designed a history course together, and then they do one independent study course. So we make sure that students feel like they're heard in order to get what they need academically out of the program and also to have a say in what they learn culturally. So we go to the Lodge on Mississauga of the Credit. We also go to Maple Syrup Tapping at Six Nations and we participate in what cultural events that we would find relevant, but also would motivate the students to attend more and to feel good about themselves, and we have students review at the before, during, and after a semester to see how they're feeling about their credits. So something like, let me actually grab it, this is how we would plan. So what do I want to learn about my culture? What do I want to learn about myself? What activities would I want to learn about the land and from the land, and what projects would I feel interested in building? And then we also provide students with like a blank timetable of our schedule for them to fill in, and then we combine all of the responses to create our timetable so everybody can kind of feel a sense of accountability that I'm not just doing this on my own and leading them into something that they don't want to do. And we also check in so if we transfer students to different programs, we make sure that they just don't drop off, that we make sure that they get to the next destination and help them with that transition. And usually myself and the shake coordinator participate in like that liaisoning between the two programs so that just because students identify as Indigenous doesn't mean that this is a program for them, we make sure we find the right program for them. I think we face a lot of challenges with funding. Right now we just lost our funding for our human nutrition program, which is a huge part of supporting our Indigenous youth in the program and making sure that they come to school hungry, not hungry, they come to school happy, and that they feel that they are taken care of and that they can learn today. So we face challenges with funding quite frequently. So from the student nutrition program being cut, we have to find other sources. That means us going out into the community and asking what grants and if we can work with our counselors and our trustees from the school board to provide that funding that we would have been receiving anyway. So I think it's a lot of extra work that goes into making this program a success. That if somebody, I guess, I feel that because I'm part of a community I have an ownership to do that for all the Indigenous youth in the program because I was them and that I have that kind of responsibility built within me that if I didn't feel that then it would be a very hard program to sustain and to have like that there's 18 students in this program and there's 18 students accounted for in it that we are meeting our goals by having students want to come to this program because it does provide all the things that they need. We're very fortunate to have a partnership with the Hamilton Regional Indian Center so they provide quite a bit of funding but also we've secured funding from the JW McConnell Foundation which this year has allowed us to take in more cultural experiences but also redesign our room so that it is thoughtful and that it's designed in a way that works with Indigenous spaces and places and also reflects our ways of knowing, being and doing that I think is really positive for the space because students complained a lot but they didn't feel that it was too cluttered or too it was unwelcoming because there was so much stuff in here so we renovated and they designed the room and we fulfilled it so I think funding is always our biggest challenge and also I think recognizing that 18 students in the class isn't just 18 people that there are so many challenges that we face as Indigenous people in education in our lives that for one student it sometimes can be like working with three because we have so much trauma and things that we're unburdening so as an Indigenous person working amongst trauma I have to learn to kind of work beside it and not take it home with me and burden myself again so I think that's always the challenging part and I think it creates a cycle of burnout for a lot of the staff but as long as we learn to take care of ourselves but we're also teaching the students to take care of themselves so that we can kind of go through this together I always say that I'm not necessarily their teacher but their mentor because I'm learning the same techniques and tools that they're learning now that I'm still learning as an adult but trying to teach them it early enough so that they don't go through the same process and that I think consistent staff is also the hardest thing that we face that I've been here for almost four years but before that there was two teachers in addition to me last two years before that so and we've gone through a few positions for our EA and our coordinator of the program that we have those we have those issues and that we need to find as much consistency as we can we have usually six grads per year so we have six Indigenous young people graduating when they were in a composite or community school that didn't think that they would ever get there we have students who are going to college we have students this year going to university from here and I think a lot of people assume that they can't do that from here and we kind of work to prove them wrong every step of the way because I don't mind changing my teaching and to make sure that everybody gets what they need in order to be successful and I think when we see those graduates at the end like they're they're happy they're content and they know that they've been supported every step of the way and that they've attended class that they've reached their goals and that they become I think more well well-rounded Indigenous people too because they have their culture and they have Western knowledge too at the same time when they're balancing those two things and they're ready to go into that next step of their life now I think the next step for us to evolve is to really work with post-secondary institutions to model what we have here there as well so that we'll have more success of our students who are going to college feel like they feel comfortable within the institution or if they're going to university to feel like they have someone to talk to and to express their issues too because it's not like you kind of transition and you just check your traumas and everything at the door when you go to the next destination that stuff's still caring with you so we have time and time again students who are coming back to access help and support back here when they've gone on to the next place so I think that that's where I'm going to work at next because we're not seeing that they feel comfortable enough in that institution to seek out help and assistance I think Indigenous education will always mean different things to different people I think that you know for me what I focus on is Geyong Geha and Geyong Geha language and culture as part of what I describe as Indigenous education because that's my perspective and where I'm coming from to each community Indigenous education looks differently to this bourbon Indigenous population in Hamilton being really close to Six Nations and Miss Saga's of the Credit we have kind of a large percentage of our students coming from these areas so you have to be mindful of that when you're teaching and represent the whose territory you're on is a big reflection of what your Indigenous education model you're going to work with so we model ourselves after the medicine wheel but also the two road dishes once the dish with one spoon wampum to make sure that students feel like they're what they're learning reflects their culture and things that they're involved in because they're tied into both of those wampum belts and they're still part of that medicine wheel to make themselves feel full so for me I think Indigenous education I wouldn't be able to tell someone who's in you at what Indigenous education is or who's Métis when Indigenous education is or Métis from Alberta versus Métis from Ontario there are really key factors about thinking about your local area plus the students you have in front of you so not all my students are from Six Nations or from Miss Saga's of the Credit so I have to be mindful about what they need if they're not from those territories to feel like they've got their cultural their cultural knowledge and that they've they've learned something about where they're from we have students who are Dene who are Blackfoot or Gonkwin that we have to be thoughtful about what we what we provide to them to and not make it seem like we are one pan-Indigenous kind of classroom so we try to be as specific as possible but also being as open as possible to give everybody what they need and I think it Indigenous education has to set value on Indigenous knowledge and not saying that Western knowledge is bigger better or you know more educated than what we offer I think we've been smart and we've done a lot for a lot of years since time immemorial on this land that we are our own scientists we're our own mathematicians we're our own writers and we are in every subject and I think when we exclude Indigenous education to a field it doesn't account for how prolific it is and in our lives and I think when I think about because of being a Young Ahaga and I think about Wampum as life and I think about um how we had to weave kind of stories in I think about the same thing with Indigenous education you're just really looking at weaving Indigenous history, knowledges, teachings, traditions, cultures into every single subject area that you talk about every day that you're living and everything that we talk about is about reflecting Indigenous life because we live it but it also is a chance for us to reflect on the past what we're doing in the present and then who we're going to be in the future I think language is an important part of who we are I don't think we can always fully understand our world and what all the cultural teachings we don't have language but I understand that somebody once said it to me that I'm not missing a piece because I don't have my language that I'm not whole because I don't have my language that's not that's not true we have to get out of that cycle of saying that we are not full people without having our our language until for me Geyong Geyha I have taken a couple of courses I feel more confident in my knowledge of it but am I a fluent language speaker no and I probably won't be until I commit myself to a program that is immersive and I don't think that there is the possibility for people to be fully fluent and also taking in all that cultural knowledge that's transmitted through language without being in that immersive experience and right now we don't offer elementary school programs in the urban center that focus on that so we do have to rely on reserve communities which in Hamilton we don't have access full access to I think language is essential I think it is everything but I also think that I could not tell students that they are nothing without it you know that we have to be focusing on all the positive and the assets that they possess without language and that we have to understand language was taken from us and yes it is ours to get back but we also have to understand we have so many barriers to even accessing it to get it back that we really have to say at this point maybe it's on other people to fund these programs properly so that we can give indigenous people the access to them if we want them to be accessible we have to pay people a living wage to access them we have to offer more spots we have to offer transportation we have to have incentive to go there and that people can't give up work or they can't give up a lot of different things and that's what we're at right now we're giving up something to take language so how do we create a language program that isn't about giving up anything but to adding to our lives and I think it's up to the government to properly fund these programs like French and English because those are protected through you know the languages act but we don't have protection over our languages and that is I think meant to that's you know meant to be they're doing that on purpose and that it's a problem that we've been seeing for a long time and that it's indigenous communities that are responding where's the response from the government to address these issues that we are very lucky that the people who are in these communities who are still fluent are giving us their knowledge and their teachings and their language but what could the government be doing to support those people who are willing to give everything to their community but we're not seeing that reciprocity right now we're seeing that we're very focused still on colonial languages I think that's that's hard it's hard to get kids who are in who are youth who are never taken a language class interested interested at 16 to take gay on gay hot which is a very difficult language to learn and they have no former knowledge of it we could do it but it's it's very hard and that's my personal experience with learning mohawk language but we offer night classes we offer day classes but that doesn't mean like a someone who's a fluent speaker so we have all these different limitations and to offer it in schools we have a couple people who are trained as Ontario certified teachers who can teach language because they have the language and there's a lot of people who are not certified as teachers that could teach language but aren't able to just because of the barriers so I do think that we live in kind of a system that doesn't appreciate community knowledge all the time or that it doesn't appreciate language fluency as being the priority rather than having a teaching certificate I'm lucky that I'm indigenous studies teacher with a teaching degree but I went to somewhere that I think helped me to do that I went to Trent and I think that that was a great experience for me to feel comfortable as an indigenous teacher going into this practice but it wasn't necessarily a safe spot all the time and I can't imagine as a language teacher it's such a very very fine discipline feeling alone and not having a program that's like meant for them or that they feel like they can go out and teach in right so we're having trouble finding instructors also the students to take the risk to take the program and what's the longevity of it right now because they're not seeing the next career opportunities and I don't think we're we're giving them that sometimes like we're not actively recruiting the people who could help us you know give back to our communities that are in the urban centers or who are in the reserve communities but we're doing all this legwork as indigenous people I'm just I'm ready for the government to do the next step so my vision for indigenous education is specific it's very specific to my own experience to Hamilton to where I'm living now I want to see a K to 12 school my city I think that we have these experiences of what I've seen in the last four years of working at Shea with indigenous youth that there's something that community schools and composite schools are not necessarily providing from those those years that we have a head start program here that is that immersive experience for students and then they're going into mainstream kindergarten grade one after but there's not that next step I do think that we have the population here and the interest to support like an elementary and secondary school my program is always thriving with people and with young people who are graduating who are moving on to the next thing but they stay here for two or three years there's an idea that when students come in from their school that this is only a stopping point that they will eventually go back to their community school but I've always said it's the destination for so many people I think they felt lost in that in that area and now they feel like this is home but it's the same way like sending them to post-secondary would also make them feel lost again but they felt lost through those elementary and secondary school years that they could have felt full and that we could have provided education that is culturally relevant you know the kid who's fidgeting in class who can't pay attention is the outdoor education student who would be a fantastic fit for teaching culture and learning a culture and learning about land-based education from elders from knowledge keepers from senators and then we're missing out on kind of this area where we could teach to students gifts for from K to 12 instead of just telling them that okay but now you have to wait till high school to feel finish this or to feel this or to feel included or to feel part of something because when they come to Shea this entire place is indigenous they are finally at home and they're on their own land which is kind of ironic because when we walk into schools we are kind of guests in an education system that is on top of the land that we love so we're I think that we are the mainstream education system is is changing it's definitely being more inclusive we're hearing conversations about indigenous histories indigenous peoples indigenous youth and change makers from and what's happened in the past I think people are learning now to be mindful and to actually teach our curriculum and then we've seen from the ministry too that it's mandatory to teach in grades four to ten indigenous history and that sounds kind of like it's I guess you would expect that already but in 2019 now it's it's begun to be mandatory and I think that when we that's just it's kind of like it's taken this long and I was lucky that I learned about it when I was in my undergraduate degree but I didn't learn about it in high school and so we're seeing that there is a change that I can ask kids in elementary school do they know what residential schools are do they know about indigenous people and they might be able to respond yes and I think the majority can now respond yes where before they just couldn't and it's a lack of knowledge from the students the teachers and then the failure of our the education systems we went through that we didn't know any better so we're seeing that change but we're not seeing indigenous students feel 100% comfortable in those atmospheres yet in those in environments in that there's something still missing and they can work on building it to retain as many students as they can and when you look at it most students stay in composite school and community schools they're not coming to Shea we are a small classroom but there needs to this is the home for 18 people who did not feel like they were going to graduate from those spaces so what do we need to do to change so those 18 people could stay in or it's the vice versa and we need to expand so that we can make sure that everybody feels included from the moment they they come out a head start or the moment they enter school and they feel like this is a place for them so that's my dream personally is that we will see more elementary and secondary schools at that level Toronto Toronto has been like kind of at the forefront of having urban indigenous education in elementary and now trying to expand a secondary but reserve communities have done it forever and I want to like you have to acknowledge all the how ahead of their time they've always been because they have they have elementary schools but they still know secondary schools why do people still have to leave so I as much as I advocate for urban I understand that reserve communities deserve a lot more and that they should have secondary schools so students still don't have to leave what's happening in Thunder Bay if you haven't read 7 Fallen Feathers like that those students who have to travel 300 kilometers 400 kilometers to get secondary education the that's where it starts like that's that's my bottom line where it's like my needs and wants are nice but that's way more of a need and want like that has to be done to secure student safety but that's where that's where we're still at so I think that I would like to fix those problems I hope those problems are solved in 10 years where students don't have to fight plead and beg for an education and that they feel safe to be able to go to one in their community every community should have access to education just like they should have access to clean drinking water and basic human rights and then urban we're always way more kind of fortunate to be have access to everything all the time and all those things cost money and we're seeing a lot of indigenous people who are in poverty especially like in my class I see it all the time that I want kids who come to school to want for nothing and that would be my goal is to have my K-12 school with kids who are happy who are fed and who get to go home and feel good that they learned something today that they are proud of their identity and their culture and their traditions but they feel strong enough to go on when they're when they're done there to the next level and feel like they're taking a piece of that school with them and be able to support themselves in whatever new environment that they be in.


Many people are accusing Israel of committing genocide, an absurd claim. You know why? Because unfortunately, genocide is a simple math problem. Let me explain. Before the Holocaust, there were 9.5 million Jews living in Europe. After the Holocaust, only 3.5 million Jews. Which means 6 million Jews were murdered during the Holocaust. Just listen to this. A third generation of a Holocaust survivor. My grandfather and his family lived in Hungary. When he was 13, instead of celebrating Kuzber Mitzvah, he and his whole family were taking to Auschwitz. And he's the only one who survived from his mother, brother, sister and father. He was the smallest one. In 816 he came to Israel and protect Israel so the genocide won't happen again. But unfortunately, on the 7th of October, it did happen again. For example, the story about Abigayl, only 4 years old.  And also Abigayl was kidnapped to Gaza by the terrorist organization Hamas. And just for your information, during the Holocaust, the Nazis murdered over 1.5 million kids. Jewish kids. Do you know why? Because they didn't want my people to grow back. They wanted to eliminate us. Now that's genocide. But do you know what is not genocide? In 1948, there were 100,000 Arabs living in Gaza. Today, there are over 2 million Arabs living in Gaza. In 1948, there were a couple of 100,000 Arabs living in the West Bank. Today, according to the Palestinians, there are over 3.3 million Arabs living in the West Bank. In 1948, there were 156,000 Arabs living in Israel. Ben, my family was one of them. Today, there are 2 million Arabs living in Israel. You don't want to believe me? You don't want to believe a kid? Fine. Check the Palestinian statistics office. You had him.


Hey, Kyrie, I'm thinking about the shot that you hit over Steph in the finals, thinking about the shot you hit over RJ last season.  Is that kind of one of your bread and butter shots that you've worked on for quite some time? Now, what good would that do to me?  And everybody saw this. No, you know, respectfully, I think I've been able to put in a lot of reps over the course of my career.  You know, so whenever I get a chance to get to it or line it up, you know, I feel like it has a great chance of going in. So, you know, it's definitely not a bread and butter spot, but I've definitely had some success there, which I'm grateful for. Alex Shipper with the athletic. Hey, Kyrie, I got two for you. Just you guys were down 10 at the half and had that big third quarter. Just what do you think start to work for you guys that allowed you to go into the fourth up? Well, in any divisional game, I think it has a level of physicality that you have to match or, you know, you have to overmatch, might I say, and they came out and just hit us in the mouth a few times, you know, and they were letting us play. The rest were letting us play. So we just had to overmatch it. And I felt like in that third quarter, we came out with an intent to go into the fourth quarter with the lead and we successfully did that. So I'm, you know, proud of our guys. It was a total team effort. You know, a lot of guys stepped up, especially our bench that came in and made a difference. And, you know, when we got guys out injury bug, we need that more than ever. So, you know, and you just said my second question a little bit, but I mean, that late game execution from you guys, given it was a group that that normally isn't playing together. Outside of that, that one turnover you had, which you you said after the game, you were ready, you know, we should head back is what would you think of that given given the circumstances? Yeah. Yeah, no, we just usually have a package that we go to towards the end of the game. And they were running the Knicks were running a hit. So they're running a double team. And a few times down the, you know, the last three minutes, they were pretty successful at getting the ball in someone else's hands to take a tough shot or to influence the shot. So when I got a chance to, you know, it was less than what 40 seconds left or 50 seconds left. And I take I have that turnover. It just takes the wind out of the sales a little bit of, you know, having a possession that we could have maximized. So things happen. You learn from it. But I'm glad we came out with the win. Like I said, as a total team effort, the guys did a great job of supporting, you know, each other and me. Brian Lewis with the New York Post. Thank you kind of touched on it, but to go from down 11 to up four, you know, in that whatever 20 to five run, was that just a matter of being more physical on the defensive end? You guys forced a lot more. You guys forced like as many turnovers in that run as you had the whole game up to that point. Yeah, that's why we're at our best.  But the physicality definitely picked up. And as you can see, Brian, it definitely propelled us to be in the league going into that fourth quarter. But it doesn't happen without the effort. It doesn't happen without following details and also making the missed shots. And you know, the first half, Reggie Bullock gets it going.  And they didn't feel us at all.  And then we made a difference in the second half and influenced some misses.