This guy could take down you. Live from Las Vegas, Nevada, it's theCUBE at IBM Interconnect 2015. Brought to you by headline sponsor, IBM. Okay, welcome back everyone. Live in Las Vegas, this is theCUBE, our flagship program from SiliconANGLE Media. We go out to the events, I'm John Furrier with my co-host Dave Vellante, and our next guest is Aaron Schuch, executive software architect at Point Source. Welcome to theCUBE. Yeah, thank you for having me. So your next IBM right now, you've got a big shop here, web experiences, digital experience, social experiences, development, design, art, all that good stuff. You must be busy, mobile is hot, you must have a lot of mobile stuff. So tell us, what's going on with your company and why are you here at IBM Interconnect? Yeah, so we're actually out here with a fairly large team. We've got 19 board sources here, anywhere from our design team to our developers, to our executives. And really the main goal is to, you know, look at what's coming for IBM, educate ourselves, educate our partners, so we can deliver the best mobile solutions possible. So what are you seeing out there right now, obviously for the needs? The old days was, you know, put up some websites, do a web app, web responsive. People want to go native, native app, Android, iOS, whatnot. But now we're living in an API world. Mobile apps are hard not to crack, right? Going native, people go web response. What are you seeing in trends? Obviously the cloud can power a lot of this stuff. But on-prem, what's the landscape and what are some of the top conversations that you're having with your customers? Yeah, the cloud API, one that you mentioned is huge right now. But, you know, we actually start even before that we get to there. Because, you know, I can build you a world-class cloud API, but if it's not doing the right thing, if it's not engaging your customer, you've already pretty much lost. So where we start is at the business requirements phase where we go in with the BA and we figure out how the customer wants to use the app prior to even starting. And then, you know, at that point, I'll come in and we'll talk cloud API, we'll talk Node.js, which is something that's been pretty big for us going forward in that space. Clients like Amazon a lot? Or, and how is BlueMix doing VisaV, standing up stuff that is easy on Amazon? People use that for a decade now almost. So now, BlueMix, what are some of the things that you're seeing with IBM, BlueMix? VisaV, Amazon, and Microsoft as your Azure's out there. Yeah, BlueMix is interesting because it has so many capabilities around the ability to automatically scale. And that's specifically interesting to me because I lead our retail practice. And as I'm sure you guys are aware, retail has very unique scale demands. So things like Black Friday where- Auto scaling is huge, right? Exactly. And do they support auto scaling? BlueMix? Yes. So what, you know, the technology that I think is going to really revolutionize things in the API areas, Node on something like a BlueMix where you can auto scale with that. So you've got really a four tiered architecture model centered around Node as your delivery and aggregation tier, caching the data and aggregating data from all these legacy systems and making it friendly for mobile. So what is the number one hurdle for customers? I mean, it's pretty easy. You can hire a firm, do some design work, looks great. But then the user interaction is becoming designed as a huge issue. So it's not just look and feel. It's actually user expectation experience, which is a design thing, not so much art. I mean, looking beautiful is one thing, but actually being functionally beautiful is another. Can you just tease that out and what that means for some of the back end architects? So again, looking feel, looking beautiful, functionally and beautifully and then actually integrating. Absolutely. Yeah, so, you know, as an architect, what I'll do is, when I'm designing an API, what that user experience part is the most important part. So we look at how is the user actually going to use the app? How's the customer wants to engage their user? We send in a UX team that will actually do user research, ideally, to figure these things out. And once we have that knowledge, we can design the app technically in such a manner that it's going to function the best way possible for the user. So can you talk about the discussion of do I build a mobile app? Do I make it a responsive design? What are those discussions like with customers? Yeah, I think it really depends on the customer and what their industry is. In something like retail, obviously an MDOT site is a must have and that's kind of table stakes as of now. And then you can get into the app. So a good example of that is the one that we did for HH Greg, which is a retailer out of Indianapolis. They do very large appliances, televisions, electronics, furniture. So what we did there is we started with the MDOT site. We were able to get that going from the ground up in three and a half months or so on top of IBM WorkLite. And then what we did was we utilizing hybrid technology, we were able to share 80% of the code from the MDOT site into an installable app. So not a lot of invests once we had the MDOT site going to actually get the app in place. And they were able to recover the initial investment in probably three, four days or so of the app being launched to the app store. Now how does it work? It's a full life cycle.  What happens next?  Once the app is basically ready to go, ready for consumption. So yeah, you submit to the app store and that's kind of where our marketing experts can help our partners with the app launch. So one that we did for FinishLine was actually very, very successful where they were able to drive so many downloads to the app that we actually ran into issues with scale. And they're also on soft layers so we were able to handle those issues with scale pretty seamlessly, but it was the initial app downloads exceeded expectations by roughly 10X. Right. And that's all because of a strategy that was in place to market the app, to drive it into the stores because that's who's going to be, really that's your main marketer for your app, but in that case is your store associates. So when I come into the store, I'm looking for a new set of shoes. Maybe they don't have my size. The associate comes over with the new app, scans the bar code, locates the shoes for me. Here they are in another store. You can either go there and pick them up or we can ship them to your house. And by the way, you should download this app. Okay, now what about the sort of maintenance of that app?  Now what? How do I, if I want to make changes, do you have sort of a monthly retainer, monthly maintenance, or is it sort of a one off every time statement of work? How's it work? Yeah, so we work with different models. So some of our clients want us to come in and build the initial app and get it running while also cross training their team and teaching them the skills necessary to succeed in mobile. And then at that point they'll take over the maintenance and others want us to just continue to maintain it holistically for the life of the app. Okay, and in that latter model, you just have some kind of relationship with the business people, they're feeding your requirements, you guys are... Exactly, yeah. So we kind of see ourselves a bridge between the business and the IT. So we can kind of bridge the gaps between them, collect the requirements from the business, talk to IT in a way that makes sense, and then come up with a holistic solution that works for both sides. How long have you guys been around? So PointSource as a whole has been around for 10 or 11 years? Okay. Stephanie's been on theCUBE, there's COO, Stephanie Trunzo. Trunzo? She has, yeah. Trunzo, okay. At Pulse, I think last year at Pulse, yeah. We talked mobile back then. When mobile first was launched, that was the big messaging. So she's been on, you guys have been on for a while. You guys have a lot of big clients, right? What's some of the clients you have? We do, yeah. So actually at 3.30 today at the general session, we'll have Tom from Primerica talking about a solution we did for them that enabled their 100,000-person sales force to, it's kind of a two-fold value prop there. So number one is training the sales force so that they're comfortable enough with Primerica's business model to get started very quickly. And I think they've, they're down to around three days training or so using the app. And the second is the app is actually used when the sales force visits a client's home and we utilize things like offline storage capabilities because when you're in somebody's home, you could be out in the middle of nowhere, not have a cell signal. So they're able to access all this offline, enter the information, sync it as soon as they get back online, and it's really streamlined their operations there. So, but around for more than a decade, your strategy obviously has shifted in the last 10 years. Exactly. Talk about your strategy in general. Sure, so in 2012, we pivoted to mobile. So we, like I said, we'd been in existence for quite some time before that. Myself and three others started up a Raleigh, North Carolina office and at that point we pivoted to mobile. So since then we've been working with clients like a Primerica, like an HH Greg, a finish line, all state on their mobility solutions. And the relationship with IBM goes back to the early days or? Yes. Well, Stephanie worked at IBM. She was at IBM. You worked at IBM. I did. So you have that experience, affinity with IBM development platforms, tools, middleware experience. Yeah, I was out of the Raleigh, North Carolina lab in the development labs working on products like Webster application server, pure systems, smarter commerce, sterling commerce, et cetera. All right, let's get down and dirty then. Since Stephanie's been on, you're on. Okay, we'll get you all warmed up. Let's get down and dirty. Mobile first, is it working with IBM? It's kind of downplayed here. Bluemix is a big mess. Obviously Bluemix is a great enabler. Got auto scaling you mentioned about a bunch of other goodness in there. Not that mobile's going away. It's not a failed initiative, but it seems to be global first right now. A lot of global discussions and also clouds. Is it mobile first or cloud first? Global first? What's your take on this? A lot of work getting done on the hood right now. My take is that mobile is actually driving cloud. So because of mobile and because the interaction patterns have changed, it basically demands a new technology model, which is cloud. So all these legacy systems that customers have that have been around throughout the, before the web area and through the web area are no longer sufficient for meeting the needs of today's mobile customers. So we've transitioned to things like the four tier architecture model where the cloud is just key. You have to have that data out there. You have to have it accessible. It has to be open to everyone. But you can art while you can move. It's a lot of different. Depends on what side of the room you're looking at the problem opportunity. It looks different. So for instance, you could argue that okay, if I go mobile first, if I go native, not web-responsive, that could be a strategy. In fact, the step in I talked about that last year in detail, some say go web-response, then go native, figure out your requirements. Some say go native. That's your demand now, do that. But then it's the data issue. Where's the data come from? So if you're aggregating data, using APIs as you mentioned, really hot, that's a cloud play. So there's all this really weird plumbing going on in the cloud that affects the app. There's some architectural choices. What are you seeing on that? Could you share anecdotally what you're seeing with customers around this complicated area of, okay, I want to design just a great app that looks good and functions amazing. But yet under the hood, if anyone opens it up, it's got to work. Talk about that. So under the hood, you mean cloud, APIs, notifications, recency, frequency, a lot of algorithmic Watson, for instance, is now embedded in big lift for Bluemix was the Watson piece. So you're seeing this fabric develop at the data layer that necessarily is kind of just underneath the mobile front end. So there's a lot of flux going on here. Not saying in a bad way, but architectural decisions need to be made. Exactly, and those architectural decisions, I think are a result of the requirements of today's consumer that has a mobile phone in their pocket 24-7. And the cloud is kind of a way to stitch everything together. All of these systems, all this data that exists all over the place, can then be aggregated through the cloud, made accessible to mobile. And I think that's really what's changing. Let me rephrase it this way then. If I'm a mobile developer, and I have a customer, because it's all customer driven, obviously you guys do that. You don't want to foreclose the future, but you want to leave some headroom too. So how do you think that through and how do you work with a customer on that specific point? Because if you misfire on the architecture, you could foreclose a downstream opportunity for the customer. Absolutely, yeah. So again, starting with the business requirements, designing the API to handle those. And you mentioned earlier around responsive design, that's becoming even more and more important with the new Google SEO rankings where people are getting dinged if they don't have a mobile equivalent for a page. And they're enforcing that now and we're seeing a lot of people reexamine responsive design for that reason. So we've actually in-house developed our own, we're big fans of responsive design, obviously. We see it as something that's going to be key for success in mobile. So in-house what we've done is we've built up a lot of IP in this area that we think can help customers. So responsive design, native app. Yeah. Agile has proven itself in DevOps and now Cloud, the way to go. Continuous integration, deploy, test, redeploy. Constant sandbox sprint, run. That's the new software divine lifecycle. Done deal, right? You agree. Absolutely. So that's the case. Which one's better to run that on? Mobile or web response? Because mobile, pushing updates for users can be a challenge. It can be. So what have you learned there and shared with folks? A lot of the time, I don't think it's an either or. It can be both. So like I had mentioned earlier, we did a mobile website that we then transitioned to an app using hybrid technology, which we're still a big believer in. We believe that if you implement hybrid correctly, you get a lot of these code sharing advantages that you would not get with native. And yeah, I really don't think it's either or. I think it's something we're- It depends on the situation. Exactly. Some like the web response, we figure out their stuff. Right. And the update thing is a challenge. We've hit that in a few places. One example is Finishline, where we launched the app. We found a bug that was going to be fairly critical. So the app is a rewards app. It's meant for Finishline's VIP. They call them sneaker heads that are in there on a weekly or monthly basis, looking at the new shoes that release. Reach out seems a natural fit for the native app. Because that's all about engagement. It's table stakes. And certain apps are like, you can't go web response. Exactly. I mean, and push is the big reason for that. Because as soon as I install an app for a retailer that I'm loyal to, I'm saying, hey, I want to hear from you. And then I'm giving them the ability to push these messages to me, push promotions to me, communicate with me on a daily basis. And that's huge. So I was at our event we had last week, Big Data SV, and one of the top tier venture cavals, Ping Li at Excel Partners, said, I asked them, what's the opportunity that you're seeing from a discipline standpoint in opportunities, entrepreneurs?  He said, the thing that we're seeing more and more is design. So talk about the role of design and how the word design has morphed into a broad spectrum. If any, what does that spectrum look like? Is there levels of skill sets on the design side where it's not just art, it could be tech trials, programming. So can you share what you've seen and what you guys are doing? Yeah, exactly. And that's actually key to our business model that's a big differentiator for us is that we marry people with technology, development, architecture backgrounds like myself, and then world-class designers with both visual and user experience skills that can go in there and research how this stuff works, how it should work, how do we solve business problems by working with our business analysts and then communicate with guys like myself to see the best way to make that happen with the technology. Because ultimately we want that user engagement to drive our technology choices in every scenario and without interacting with these designers on a daily basis, I don't think we'd be able to do that. So if you had to look out, so you've seen the number of changes in the last decade, you pivot to mobile in 2012, what's the next wave that you're looking at? I mean, everybody's talking about internet of things. We had a guest on earlier this week, it's kind of controversial in social. He said, I asked what percent of organizations are doing DevOps well, he said basically 0%, so that's the people a lot of people kind of pissed off at that, but nonetheless, all kinds of interesting things going on. What do you see, Aaron, instead of the next big wave that you guys are going to go after? Yeah, I think things like internet of things and near-field payment technologies, beacon, that kind of stuff is going to be huge, but honestly in the next year or two, there's still, a lot of people are still catching up with mobile. So I think once that happens, you will start to see those take off and you'll see some earlier innovators in that area that are able to take advantage of them before anyone else, but there's still a lot of catch-up to be done with mobile, with general architectures and making them mobile-friendly to even get to the point where you can enable things like internet of things and beacons and so forth, because to do these things, you have to have your data out there, and most people at this point do not have their data out there, accessible via APIs, and without that. They have the data. Exactly. You just can't get it. What are people seeing in life cycles now in your role, and you got a lot of clients, what's the normal turnaround time for projects that are in the size and the scope that you guys are doing? Share just like the size. What's the kind of current standard in market right now for the kind of gigs you guys are doing with customers on the app side? Sure. So I'm sure you expect this, but it's variable depending on the situation. So we've had anything from... Nine months? We've had anything from one, no, definitely not nine months. We heard one guy say it took nine years to get an app into production. They must have been run waterfall. So yeah, ours is typically anywhere from a month, which is obviously very, very aggressive.  So in those type of engagements, we typically start very, very, very simple, run the analytics, see what customers think of it, and then expand upon that. For a more fully featured app, you'd be looking at where typically three or four months from inception and talking business requirements to launch to the app store. Awesome. Final question before we cut the segment out. What's the vibe of the show? What is this show about? I mean, it's the new way to blank, new way to fill in the blank, new way to do security, new way to do design, new way to work, all that stuff's great. But besides that, what is this show about here at Interconnect? Is it developers? Is it more business? Is it more building? What's the vibe and theme that you're seeing? It's a big mix of everything, I think. It's nice to get all these different backgrounds in one room and all these different perspectives and learn from one another. So I've seen, you know, we're from marketing, line of business, you know, technical executives all the way down through. We've brought our developers here so that they can learn about these different areas and be able to, you know, talk to the IBM portfolio, see how the IBM portfolio can help our customers because again, that's very, very important to us. All right, Aaron Schuchat, executive architect at Point Source, inside the Cube, telling the story, mobile first. Mobile's driving the cloud. It's a great opportunity to API economies upon us and a new way to do things. Certainly cloud is driving that. Thanks for joining us. We'll be right back after this short break.


Ο καλύτερος είναι Παντελίσσαντ Ιννύου. Είμαι πρόσφυρος να δούμε τι είναι το πρόσφυρο της ασυμετρικής προσέστησης, και ειδικά για το προσέστημα που βρίσκει με τη μικρή αρχιτερία. Δεν ξέρω αν έχεις δει, αλλά το σχέδιο δεν είναι πολύ καλό για αυτήν την σχέδια. Δεν είμαι πρόσφυρος να δούμε πώς μπορούμε να φτιάξουμε αυτή, ή επίσης να φτιάξουμε αυτήν την σχέδια, επίσης δεν είχε δει αυτήν την σχέδια, και όλοι τώρα τα μικρή αρχιτερική σύστημα θα προσπαθούν. Η ασυμετρική προσέστηση δεν είναι κάτι νέο, γιατί αυτήν την σχέδια έχει παίρνει για πολύ χρόνο, αλλά αυτή είναι η σημαντική, ότι έχετε πολλές προσέσεις στο σύστημα, και ουσιασμός με ασυμετρική προσέστηση, η προσέστηση, το πόρυο αιδικογραμμό, και η μικροαρχιτεξία της της σχέδιας, διαφορεύει πολύ. Η αρχιτεξία, όπως είχε δει, είχα ένα cpu και ένα dsp σύστημα, ή ένα ps3 σελ, τις pru και το am335x, ή τα σχέδια με την προσέστηση της σχέδιας. Τα σχέδια είναι κάτι που είναι νέο, δεν ξέρω αν έχετε παίρνει άλλες προσέσεις. Είναι η σχέδια που η αρχιτερική προσέστηση, που δείξει πώς φόρουν δυνατήρες και μιλάσεις. Τι έχετε κάνει, ήταν restarted by Cortex-A7, ένα υπροσέσιο με μία υπροσέσσο, ένας είναι η ικοδιασμένη της Cortex-A15. Now, they all can run on our own. The засinglecernals have the same user space, same micro architecture, and the micro-resin codes are cheap και οι κορδές και οι κορδές. Υπάρχουν λίγο τριβερός προγραμμούς, δημιουργές, like the layer 1, the instruction class line size is different, the performance monitoring unit has different counters, but most people don't care about that, just the same. So I copied that from one of the arms white papers and what it means is when you have low workloads, just run them on the A7, if you have high workloads you have to run them on the A15, but it's not as easy as it appears. So a very rough overview is that a single A15 core is about two times the performance of the A7 and the A7 core is about three times a more power efficient than the A15 and that's actually a very rough approximation because different workloads, for example neon tasks run much more faster in the A15 core than the A7, but the scheduler just thinks everything is the same and that's not good for us.  The thing that we have to notice is that in most implementations the clusters are powered and have the same frequencies so it's not like you can select to have each A15 or A7 core run on its own frequency you have to clock them together and power them down together. So we have the problem that software normally should reflect the hardware architecture of the time so we need to find a way to measure the work done in a unit of time. Now when you have symmetric processing or a single core processor measuring the work done is okay. It's easy because you just measure the time between its scheduling period so you can easily figure out how many let's say MIPS or something else the processor was executing but when you actually try to measure the work done it's much more difficult because you might have class size effects IO bandwidth differences and the PMU performance monitoring units are not standard and they have a high overhead so normally you don't use them as an input to the schedule but when you don't care about power at all the work done in a unit of time is directly proportional to the unit of time that means you can measure the time a task takes to execute so you know how many MIPS that took and essentially you can figure out the power consumption of that task so to measure the power consumption so to make things more simple we can try to have a very rough power scheduling example and it's a bogal example because things are very complicated and when you try to actually work on a real example you cannot figure out things easily so let's say you have a very simple system with one Cortex-A15 which can execute two bogal MIPS per second and will consume three bogal watts per second and Cortex-A7 which executes one bogal MIPS per second and consumes one bogal watt per second the workload that we're going to base our example is just run two tasks in parallel if possible that the first one will take 16 bogal MIPS and the second just 20 of course a real system is much more complicated because you have many other factors that affect you so you could have tasks that are memory bound, IO bound hit the cast more, whatever so let's try to come up with the most power efficient policy so if we don't care about performance you can just say run everything on the A7 so if we do that we'll find out that both of the tasks will execute in 36 seconds and the power they would require would be just 36 bogal watts of course that's not something that you would like to do because that means that you have the fast CPU just standing there not doing anything so you could only use that policies if your battery is dying down but let's try to see what happens when you try to run it as fast as possible so that means you'll try to fill up all the capacity of the A17 and the A7 should only be used when the A15 is not available so if you pack them together you'll see that it will take only just 13 seconds to run and the power would be 49 bogal watts now of course this is the fastest policy but this is what we want to do when you're connected to the mains power or you run some kind of high performance workload but you wouldn't want to use it on your phone or your tablet so if you just charge those that's what this would look like so you have one axis which is the power and one axis which is the time taken so ideally you would like to have a system policy that places your workload somewhere in the line connecting those two now you could say that you could have a point where your optimal system policy would be and that point would rely on things like workload that you're running whether you're running on Android and let's say on the home screen or you're running an application you know it doesn't take a lot of time so you could vary the operating point along that curve so that you find what's your optimal performance and power balance the problem is that all this is ideal there's no way that we can reliably know beforehand the amount of time a task could take until it gets to the point where it doesn't need the CPU anymore so what we can do we can use the history of the task execution to find out to use that as an input for our scheduling policy so the easiest way to do that is try to find out what is the average task load the average task load could be just the amount of time the task would run in one second period or something like that now we can measure the CPU load of the task but we don't have any way to measure power but if we have an idea of what the different power efficiency of its core is we can assign a number according to the amount of time that task would take the thing is the scheduler does not track either MIPS power or power efficiency so we have to use a different method to get the scheduler to do our work now so let's go to what's the Linux scheduler now I don't know if you know about that it's much better than it used to be it doesn't have any weird tunables it seems to work it uses a pretty simple algorithm comparatively and the idea behind it is that you have a virtual processor which you assign a slice of the real processor to it so it's simple to do what we want to do but the conceptual model is simple if you have three tasks to run you should give it's task one third of the CPU time of course you have priorities and all those things are calculated by math you don't have some kind of magic value that says you need to do this if this task is interactive or you need to do that if the task is IO bound or CPU bound the thing is the scheduler doesn't have anything to do with the power with the power management facilities of the kernel so it assumes that the power policy thing is something completely separate so you have CPU freak, you have thermal management or whatever you need to do but there's no communication between that and the scheduler the thing is when you start thinking about power it's pretty bad because that means that your system is reactive, it's not proactive it will try to do something after you've crossed some kind of threshold and it will try to find balance again but it's simple and it works now so we need to have a way to track the history of the load of a task so that's what the per entity load average tracking patches do it's a pretty recent development by Paul Turner and tracks loads by adding together the per scheduling editing which is a scheduling editing, it is a task too per task instead of per rank you so that means instead of having the load being calculated on its CPU it is calculated per task and then it is summed together to come up with a load of that rank you it is pretty accurate, it is not prone to artifacts compared but it has to do with the time where the sampling of that of the load calculation ends up and it is actually the basis for all work on asymmetric processing and the basis of the Linaro HMP patches since ARM uses big little and they want to sell a lot of chips there they have to do something with that situation so there's a very big activity there so they want to teach all these things that big little needs to do to the linear scheduler they do use the per entity load tracking patches to assign tasks and they also need more so they have some topology patches that assign the relative power of its CPU to some scheduler internal structure so that you know so that you can deduce the amount of power its CPU takes comparatively so I don't know if you've looked in the scheduler there is a maximum which is about 1024 assigned weight for its CPU and what they do they scale that according to the relative power of the processor so that means when you use those values in your load average calculations they are stable in time so what happens if you have to calculate the load average of a task you have to take into account where the task runs because if it runs on the fast CPU its load is different than the one if it runs on the slow CPU so when migration happens you need to make sure that the history of that task is invariant compared to where it's running and where it has been run and that helps us there so the thing is it's a little bit invasive there are lots of if-defs in the scheduler source code and a little bit big little specific because they have the concept of a down domain and an up domain where the down domain is the domain of the little CPUs and the up domain is the domain of the big CPUs and they track the load of its task when it crosses a threshold the task is migrated to the up domain and when it falls down below that threshold it's migrated to the down domain there are a few problems with this approach the first problem is that you are dependent on the latency of the load average tracking so if you're calculating your load average in a very small period that means that a task that runs for a very small time is characterized as wanting to use the big CPU and it will be migrated immediately to the up domain which is not really what you want you won't have a more slow tracking of that value so one of the first changes they did that they have a way to modify the load tracking average to something larger than the original thing which is just 32 milliseconds to something like 250 milliseconds so the task has to be running for a considerable more time until it gets put on the big CPU on the other hand that means that if you have a task that you know that's interactive it has to wait for that amount of time until it gets migrated so it's a little bit hard to find the right balance so ideally you would need to have a way to predict in a more fine manner what the future behavior of the task will be so instead of an average maybe you could have something that's based on where the task is waiting we have a per weight queue estimate of how much time the task will take after it wakes up well that's a bit into the future now there are of course other people working on that so we have the alexis power wary patches which is more generic and it's nothing big little specific but it should offer improvements on every powerware system it does rely on the per entity load average patch set and it has the assumption that run to idle is beneficial to power management which indeed is the case in symmetric processing systems but not quite right for big little systems it packs tasks in a few as possible core clusters so that it can power down the ones that are not running and I think it has a better chance of getting into mainline before the HMP patches will narrow now there are other things that people are looking at like the polymer kennis hot plug cleanup what happens is when you don't need a core you want to set it down but the hot plug operations after now were something that was only done on big server systems and they never really took into account how fast this operation takes so there are cases where it could take something like 500 milliseconds and people have been working on that and I think it's much better now I think it's down to a few tens of milliseconds so when you have a policy that allows you to put down put those CPU to power them off you can use that and it's much faster now we have the cluster aware idle patches because as I said earlier the ISOCs do not have its CPU on its own power domain so you might need to coordinate access between those CPUs in order to be able to put the cluster into power down and I know you probably know the big little switcher which was a previous presentation and it treats the whole big little problem as a problem of a CPU freak but it's not as efficient as MP Scheduling but it's gonna work which is not something that we can say about MP Scheduling so what happens when you actually want to try all these things big little systems are pretty hard to come by the only known big little system that you can get right now I think it's ARM's Versatile Core Tile Express which has two Cortex A15s and three A7s it is available but I think out of the hands of the community it's a few thousand dollars next one is the Samsung Exynos 5.8 should be available soon and there should be something called OMAP 6 on the way but it's not gonna happen but that's the part that I was working on So how do you simulate that? Well you could use ARM's Fast Model Emulator the problem is that it's quite slow for doing anything with a scheduler you can only try synthetic benchmark or very small fragments you can use it to verify the hardware design and the software design but it's pretty slow for collecting data Now since I was doing this for TI a very cheap way to simulate it would be on the PANA board Yes which is two Cortex A9s it's not a big little system but we'll see if we have ways to simulate that pretty closely The kernel it uses is in the mainline which is pretty important when you're doing scheduling work and you also have access to some Android kernels which are not mainline but you actually want to use them because all the relevant consumer stuff that you want to do on Linux is Android and it's very cheap So how can you check the performance of the scheduler? You can use Perf which is part of the Linux kernel Perf is not just for profiling you can also use it to monitor things in the kernel like scheduling events and there's pretty good facilities there There's a problem with Perf though it's not portable between architectures and there are differences between kernel versions So you might have a kernel version that your Perf trace won't work on a different kernel version So that's a problem when you try to use Android because Android usually doesn't have the latest kernel and when you capture something there and you try to use it as an input on a later kernel, it won't work and the best way to visualize what's running on the CPU is just use Perf time chart Perf time chart uses Perf trace and it generates an SVG file that you can see what's running and where in your system So I don't know if you've used it before but that's all you have to do just to get a feel of what's running It's pretty simple Now what's not simple is compiling Perf for Android but the problem is that it looks something like this I don't know if you can tell what's running or not It's pretty complicated Okay Does it run on Android? Yes Really? Well if you get the data file then you can run it on X86 but the data comes from Android Okay Or not, yeah it just needs F trace Okay Now the SVG files generated are pretty big So for a run of about 10 seconds you might expect a file of a few megabytes You can use InScape to open it and then export it It is a mess when you see it but after a while you can see what's going on and it's easy to figure it out and you can also see power events So when you have a system that CPU Freak works You can see the power transitions so you know what the scheduler is doing and CPU Freak So it looks something like this and what we really care is about the per-CPU utilization Well you could write something that pulls the CPU load periodically but that's not accurate enough for what we want to measure And we have the problem that all the stuff that you want to do for a consumer would be from Android and like it or not it's the de facto consumer level Unix API So what I did just wrote a very small extension to Perf It just allows you to take that Perf output and have a pretty accurate per-CPU utilization Now as I mentioned when you do scheduler hacking you want to do it to the mainline You don't want to work on older versions You cannot do that when you have to run Android and you want to run Android because all the hardware works in Android You have your GPU working Again it's really hard to do work on the mainline and keep it in sync with your Android drop So what I did was capture data in all the kernel running Android and then did my work on the mainline So what can I use to capture workloads portably and I can use it on anywhere I want to run So I had to write another thing So SPR replay, scheduler playback replay I know what you're going to say there is already a facility about capturing workloads using Perf and then replaying them but it's not exactly what I needed What you can do you can use that on a Perf capture and then you generate single instructions that have encapsulated the way that the scheduler works So instead of having a trace that says a scheduling out happened at that point of time you have a program that explains what the system was doing at that time So it's just a simple text file which has the name of the process running, the PID and a number of instructions for what the scheduler was doing at that time It's pretty portable and if you see a capture it's easy to understand what it is doing So what are the instructions? You have an instruction that says burn CPU for a number of nanoseconds which is what the CPU bound program would do We don't care about anything else The scheduler only cares about the program running A slip which means you should slip for a number of nanoseconds A spawn which is capturing what happens when a task does There's a fork, a clone parent which is the parent side of the fork A clone child which is the child side of the fork A wait ID which is waiting on an event which another task would use to signal with a signal ID And that's all So how do you do that? Just run, record, capture your workload Execute time charts so that you have a graphical way to see what's going on Use that to see the task that was running Its line is the name of the task, the PID and its runtime You could also capture the behavior of a specific task When you do that, all the other tasks just go away and you have a simple example A CPU cycle just runs for two seconds If you just do that, you see that it's burning CPU for two seconds After you have that capture, you can execute it on a different system and there's no portability issues there So do you have any questions up to now? So that kind of handles the way of capturing data about evaluating a big little system or a simulated big little system Now we have to see how we can simulate a big little system on a platform that's not big little So the problem when capturing data from an interactive workload is that you have to have a pretty close approximation of the user experience So you cannot use a synthetic task It's not what you want to do You want to see exactly how a real user would use your system So if you're running on an x86 system, you're pretty lucky because the CPUs have individual CPU-free controls but you're not as lucky on ARM systems because its cluster has its own power domain and CPU-frequency So the CPUs are dependent on each other So I had to find a way to simulate that What I come up with is this It's a virtual CPU-free driver So I don't know if you've ever seen a system under an IQ storm where when you have too many interrupts your system just hangs or if the interrupt rate is not as large you might just slow down The thing is interrupts are invisible to the scheduler So if you had a way to generate interrupts directly rooted to a specific CPU you could slow down its CPU accordingly so that you could simulate a big little system So what you really need is just a way to route an interrupt to a specific CPU and a way to calculate what the interrupt rate would be and how much time would you wait in the interrupt A virtual CPU-freq has two back-ends One back-end is using DM-timers that are map-specific but it's pretty accurate and there's also a generic back-end that uses high-resolution timers It's not as accurate but if you don't have that you don't have a very accurate timer you can make it work A few config options Just how to enable it and stuff like that What it looks in practice So I don't know if you can see that but there's no line that says this CPU-0 is dependent on the CPU-frequency of the CPU-1 They're unbound now And if you use this that's when on the panda when you set the maximum frequency a CPU cycle just cycles for one second and it outputs a counter that says how many loops during that second happen It's similar to the way that the Bogomibs calculation is in the kernel So when you set them on both CPUs on the maximum frequency you have a number close to about 8-7 million and when I use that to set just the CPU-0 to a lower frequency we have a lower value and if we do the math there you see that if you were to use the hardware way to set the frequency you'd have a ratio of 0.76 while the ratio using virtual CPU-freak is pretty close And the thing is it has absolutely no effect on the scheduler As far as it concerns it's like running on having CPUs that are just different So as I said I mentioned the Lunaro MP patches It just partitions the CPUs into two domains fast and slow It uses perendately load average patches to track load for its task and a way to migrate processes to and from the domains The estimates are not always correct though And interactive workloads are not easily characterized by the load average If you were to try to figure out why this happens Interactive tasks have an event loop and according to the event that ends up in the event loop a different CPU time will be needed to execute the handler for that event So a mouse event might use CPU time for 200ms quite a key press and under for example in a web browser would use more CPU And when you use just the load average it doesn't make any sense Well I managed to do some work using the MP patches of Lunaro and some changes of my own And this is a run from the Facebook application on Android As you can see it's pretty messy but what you see is that while the system was idle and lots of work was being done on the little cluster CPU 0, a task that took more time appeared and after a little amount of time running on CPU 0 I ended up migrating to CPU 1 So it works pretty good but it's not ideal yet So that's the state of things right now But ok so how can we fix that There has to be a way to fix it And I think the way to fix it is to try to figure out what we want to do with the power scheduler The scheduler right now doesn't care at all about power It doesn't even track it The first thing that we need to do is track the amount of power the task took while executing It's a similar way but the load average patches work We need to have a power consumption average patches maybe Another thing that's very problematic is that the kernel is reactive So if you do something the load goes up and then you have to react to it and then do something else What we need to do is try to have a way to predict the behavior of the task and two changes beforehand So let's say you have the system that's idle and then the user presses a key We should be able to detect that something is going to take place and increase the frequency or switch to the big domain before the user experiences latency Now that's a pretty big change but it's not impossible There is something similar that goes on its time when you use a recent CPU and that's pretty similar to branch prediction It is possible to predict branches pretty accurately now It's not possible to predict tasks wake-ups too So how should we continue maybe keep an estimate of the predicted CPU load at its times and affect change to the power policy before that condition triggers But for all this to work that means instead of having all the power related facilities pretty much isolated we should do that have that work under the control of the scheduler The scheduler should know that I'm going to need more CPU time in a couple of seconds so trigger that change before that As you can see this is very much work in process We're doing something but we're not quite there yet So if you have any ideas just let us know I was doing my best but it wasn't enough It's still an unsolved problem So any questions? You are available from the scheduler itself that will allow you to track some of the scheduler events? Yes there is You will try to drink from a fire hose The events are generated at a tremendous rate So that's why Perf is pretty good at that You can get the data pretty fast You could write your own tool that connects to the Perf interface and just put them yourself But it's not the simplest, it's just a CISFS attribute file Yeah there are statistics But that's different Yeah it is useful but it's not events, it's different It's more, it's an average If you need the events you have to use something else As far as the anticipatory business there is a pretty large body of research that goes academic type stuff all over the place that goes back probably 20-30 years in the space of real time and trying to figure out how you could essentially anticipatory Can I ramp up power up the voltage and frequency anticipating that I'm going to need power on the CPU in order to execute my time variable stuff There is definitely some work that's already been done Yeah the thing is we have a multidimensional problem You have to balance power You have to balance performance, latency, thermal considerations It's like you have multiple dimensions that you have to Yeah but the thing is the scheduler hackers don't want to do any kind of matrix multiplications in the scheduler and you have to do all your calculations in fixed point and using lookup tables So that complicates things even more Race to idle makes sense in an SMP environment but in a big literal environment it might be better for you to run your task on the little CPU if you know that it's not going to take so much time It's a matter of finding the balance because the task when it runs on the little CPU consumes one-third of the power that it will consume on the big CPU and if you don't care about latency run it there Yes, that's part of the Leonardo patches They do do that and you have to do that otherwise Yes and that's it, that's the whole idea The thing is, you put weights in order to keep your load average metric valid because if you don't put weights and you just keep track of time that means when you migrate all your history is gone because it's bogus Yes If you thought any modifications to having a deadline scheduler might be for this but it could help for that but it could help as a component as a dimension of latency So if you put latency at consideration then you have a deadline scheduler something like a deadline scheduler You're talking about to be proactive and the concept of the state schedule at least is that you can actually ensure that your task has certain utilization Yes, the thing is you have to use something in your task to say how much time I'm going to take You have to configure it We're just talking about running Android applications and Android applications are out there There's no way that you can get an app developer to measure all those things that are needed to configure the parameters that are out there Well, the good developers could do that You know, the other guys that just run write fart apps, there's no way that they can No, no, it is very useful but it's just one dimension of the problem It's like you have multiple dimensions now The scheduler was written for different time periods Things have changed and we need to change with them That's the part of what I'm talking about It's more than one dimension So you could have cache effects, cache affinity and task affinity and you should take that into account when you migrate It's not like there's a single thing that you can do and it will fix everything It looks like we need to attack the problem from all sides Anyone else? Thank you very much for being here


August is hot, and so are the savings at Appalachian Wireless, where all smartphones are 50% off. Even the 64, 128, and 256-gig models, two-year agreement required. Better service, bigger savings. That's today's Appalachian Wireless, an East Kentucky network company. Over the past century, seven members of the Wolford family were buried in a family cemetery alongside Pounding Mill Road, along with several other residents in the Freeburn community. Roughly 40 years ago, that family cemetery was covered when the road was widened and the graveyard was paved over, without permission. We began looking for our great-great-grandparents' graves, green MRI Wolford, and we were able to come to the conclusion after we got over here and we started digging that they had to be over here in the road somewhere. A contractor who helped the Wolford family recover some of the graves told the family the road was originally one lane. He told us that he was the first person to bring a mobile home through here, and as you can see by the orange dots there, that's where the original road was. So 12 feet over was as far as it came. There was a fence there. The rest of the graves were all down through here. Pounding Mill Road is currently in the Pike County Road system. However, it is not clear whether it was a state or county road at the time of construction. I didn't create this mess. I'm not sure that anyone who is in office right now created this mess. It may have been several years ago, but they are the ones who are there now, and I think that my family deserves respect and they should do the right thing. Two graves were recovered this week. The rest are likely under the pavement, and the family will need to have permission to dig up the road in order to recover them. County Road Commissioner Jackie Darrell Smith brought the matter to the county's attention today during the fiscal court meeting. However, Assistant County Attorney John Doug Hayes says he will need more information before any action can be taken. Once each grave is uncovered, the family plans to move each family member to a cemetery in Buskirk. In Freeburn, Shelby Still, EKB News.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, is characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species, ROS, which can lead to cellular damage and inflammation. While there is evidence suggesting that ROS play a role in the development and progression of COPD, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. This review examines the sources of ROS, the defenses that exist to protect against them, and the potential for targeted treatments to reduce the damage caused by ROS. It also highlights the need for further research into the role of ROS in COPD. This article was authored by Adam John Anthony McGinnis and Elizabeth Sapey.


It's the Brew Crew vs. the Braves tonight at 7.10 p.m. Let's get a big win! Let's take the series! Go Brewers! Go!


But then we came through to the back and look what we found. Any chance we thought we had of making it to Bogota before doing something about this is over now. No, we're gonna have to deal with this now. Hi, I'm Lavi. And I'm Oli. And this is our hero, Bumblebee. Together, we are attempting a Guinness World Record to become the youngest pair to circumnavigate the globe by motorcycle. Join us for season three here in South America. Oh, yeah. All right, time to leave another love motel. And we've got to go through this like curtain of dreams here. It's always a bit weird. Good morning, world. Welcome back to the channel. It's day number 345 on our circumnavigation around the globe by motorcycle. We're here just 10 miles south of the city of Papayan in Colombia. And we've started pretty early this morning. I'm super proud of us, actually. It's 7.20 a.m. and we're on the bike and we're moving. Yeah. I think that's a new record for us. But it's good that we started early because we are on a mission to reach Bogota in two days. I don't have a map of Colombia at the moment, but I'll explain where we're going. We'll be heading up to Papayan and then around the city of Cali and across the Bogota. So the navigation says it's about 12 hours riding. We've got today and tomorrow and then we want to arrive in Bogota on the third day. But that day we also have to get our rear tire changed and we want to see the city a little bit. So we've got a busy three days ahead. But our first mission for today is to head into Papayan because there we've got to get ourselves a new SIM card because the one we bought two days ago seems to have already run out. And our other mission is to see if we can find insurance, the mandatory insurance for Colombia. Now at the border, they don't provide it. And yesterday was Sunday, so everywhere was closed. So today is pretty much the first day that we can go and see if this is possible. We're going to head to one company called Seguridad del Estado, the state security. I think it's the biggest company. And they've got an office in Papayan that opens at eight o'clock. So we're going to head over there and see if we can get some insurance from Bumblebee. Yeah, let's hope that the roads are nice and free and not blocked with landslides or accidents because we have a long way to go. And yeah, it's already 7.30, so better hit the road. Let's go. That place there was called Hakuna Matata. Oh, what a wonderful phrase. Hakuna Matata. Ain't no bassin' breeze. I'll slice these all again. Bly with you, Emma fan. Kind of an empty and steep philosophy. Hakuna Matata. De-de-de-de-de-de-de-de-de-de-de-de. The Columbia-style sleeping. And the streets here. The only people who aren't sleeping are the graffiti artists. I mean, look at these walls.  And it's a beautiful, like, historic street, probably 200 years old. And it's just, like, covered in graffiti back there. Wow, this is a beautiful church here as well. Look at that. Wow. Cool. Wow, literally we could be, like, in somewhere in Spain right now. Yeah. It's just coming up here on the left. Oh. Oh. Here. Ah, yes. It's a secret. It's a problem free. Philosophy. De-de-de-de-de-de-de-de-de-de. Hakuna Matata. Hakuna. Good morning. Good morning. I can't speak Spanish. I don't speak Spanish. How are you? I'm fine. North, Akali. North. North, yeah. England and Germany. Yes. Yes, yes. Did they want something? No, they didn't actually want something from us because they said, oh, back there you didn't do something. They did. When we passed the junction, they went, boo, and then they stopped us. I think it was a stop sign. And I didn't stop. Yeah, better be careful. Okay, right. So this is the Seguras del Estado, and they open in 15 minutes. One hour later. Okay, so some guys on bicycles just came and told us that today is a public holiday. So they said that the insurance company isn't actually going to open today. So can you believe it? Yesterday was a Sunday, and today is a holiday, a public holiday. But they told us that there is a petrol station just down here that they reckon might sell the insurance. So we're going to go and check that out and see if we can get it. But they said if that place can't do it, then basically today, you're not going to be able to get it. Success? Yes. Did you have to get a new SIM card? Yes, the old SIM card is finished. It was just like a tourist SIM card. Okay, it says they sell so out here. Maybe you could ask as well. No? Okay. Awesome. So the SIM card was not very expensive. It was like what, £2.50 or so? Yeah. With two gigabytes of data on it? Yeah. So we got two, one for each phone, and then we can use my phone at the front for navigation. And Lavi can, I don't know, go on TikTok or whatever. My GPS is saying now it's 11 hours and three minutes to Bogota. 360 miles. Yes. It's nice to see the hours going down now and then we get closer to our destination. We're really praying that there's no road enclosure today. And it's a really funny thing as well because yeah, it's a public holiday here in Colombia today. Hopefully the roads will be nice and empty today. Yeah, I don't know if that's going to make the roads busier or less busy. I really don't know. I don't know. We'll find out, I guess. But the aim for today is to get within seven hours of Bogota. So that means about five hours of riding time today. But if we can get a little bit further than that, then we'll be doing even better. But yeah, if yesterday is anything to go by, then it might not be as smooth and simple as we imagine. Let's hope for the best, eh? We just stopped at the traffic lights and here are so many bikes now. I mean, look at that.   Yes, and we have a nice VStrom 650 just in front of us. Yeah. Hello guys. These guys here. From Colombia. Just got to be quite careful not to, like, side-hit into any of these other ones. Yes. Yeah, it's a bike country here, Colombia. Definitely. For sure. We saw these guys. I bet they're on a VStrom as well. Oh. Holy crab sticks. Holy crab stick. Ah. Hola. How's it going? Hello. How are you? How's it going? Hello. Comestas. Hello. Buenos dias, Buenos dias. Buenos dias, Buenos dias. Hello. Hello. Englishman, from Germany. Oh, you're from Colombia? Manchester. Manchester. Well, from everywhere. Ah, cool, cool. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you. Hi. He's the leader of the motorcycle group. Uh-huh. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. These guys are telling us that they are the, like, the only VStroms in Colombia. It's like the VStrom Club, which just happened to, like, ride next to them. That's so cool. Well, what are the chances we run into the VStrom Club of Colombia, hey? Yes. Cool. Yes.   Yes! Yes! He's not a Vistron? He is not, no? What is he doing?  Yes! He said it's a present, have it I'm like what? So nice So nice Wow Super cool But anyway, it was really lovely to talk to you guys And we love Colombia So we've reached a flat area now And here is a lot of sugarcane being grown Yeah, wow, there are no mountains around us anymore It's like literally completely flat Yeah But we had enough twisties yesterday so Yeah, it's actually nice to have those flat Straight roads Hashtag Patagonia But anyway, yeah, it's really really beautiful here The ride has been actually really nice So far It's just nice to have a calm, chilled ride It was really something I was looking for And Oli got a nice coffee And we just ordered some tortilla So apparently it's just egg with rice and salad Yeah, they said they had like no vegetables to go with it so And otherwise it's very hot now I think it's nearly 30 degrees So we might have to change back into our armors There you go It's not bad, hey It's really good, really good I get some soy sauce Gracias, chau chau It's so nice, we gave them stickers And they put their stickers on their aprons Yes, we had a spontaneous photo shoot with these guys They were so cute and so friendly Oh my god, it was a really nice break Yeah, and we changed from our jackets into our armor outfits And our fox jerseys This is just nice and breezy now That's beautiful Yeah So anyway, we have nine hours to Bogota So we've still got to do a couple hours before we reach our target But yeah, we're doing pretty well It's been a beautiful day so far So in front of us here is a crazy crazy long sugarcane train Look at this One carriage Two carriages Three carriages Whoa And whilst we were having our break We saw a whole bunch of those passing by the petrol station And man, some of them were five carriages long Can you actually believe that? Five carriages That's like, how can they possibly control that vehicle? That is insane I think they can't I think they're literally dry wood with closed eyes Yeah, exactly On the five carriage one, the rear, the last carriage was like flying around Like no control from the front Very mad And man, it's just endless amount of sugarcane here Endless amounts of sugarcane Literally in all directions, as far as the eye can see It's just the fields of sugarcane Incredible Oh, we've got a tractor One, two, three, four, five Holy moly Holy sugarcane We have made it Within seven hours of Bogota We have completed our mission for today Celebrating with some wafers Yes But also our suspension I don't know if you saw it in a previous episode Just noticed something quite weird as well We've got something dripping from the bike That we have like this oil leak Coming out of the cylinder In the middle of our suspension coil And basically that oil is dripping away Which is basically making our suspension like super bouncy So we're going to tighten up the suspension There's a little dial on the side of the bike We're going to tighten that one up now So hopefully it's not so much like this Because it's getting a bit crazy, to be honest So this dial here has like H and S Which I assume is hard and soft So I'm going to click it A couple more clicks this way One, two Yeah Two Yeah Let's go with two for now We're going with two clicks And we'll see how it goes So we've got another strange thing happening with the bike And I'm not sure if this is related to the suspension or not But basically what's happening now is That when I'm sort of leaning into a corner We've got this sort of wobble going on On the front, on the handlebars So I don't know if I can really show you But when I get to like here, look at that It's like the whole bike is sort of being like And I think it must be related to the suspension being like Really soft But when I'm flat I don't really feel any issue Really strange Yeah, I don't know what's going on with that But I don't really want to take corners too fast In this state Yeah It's either that or something to do with the rear tire But I really don't know exactly what's causing that But it's a little bit strange Well it's time for us to get a new back tire definitely We've managed to arrange with a garage in Bogota Who have a couple of different models of tire So we're going to go and see with them which tire we're going to have But hopefully if all goes well And we reach Bogota tomorrow Then we can get that tire replaced the day after tomorrow Which is basically one day before our flight But yeah, about this issue At the moment I have no idea So we're having a little look to try and figure this out Why it's going a bit weird And I thought maybe the front wheel wasn't aligned But it really looks like it is aligned But then we came through to the back And look what we found Boom That would explain why we've got a bit of a wobble going on Because we have lost tire pressure in the rear wheel Now I'm not sure how low it is But also we've got some cracking here And there's literally no more tread in the middle So it's a really good job We're on our way to Bogota to get this fixed Wow, crazy I'm scared now to go any further with this one actually Well it depends how long we've had that for Because if we've had it like that for like the last few days Then it's okay Then we just ride with the low tire pressure until we get there I mean it's literally one more ride and we're there I think we'll carry on for today and we'll see how it is I'll just take the corners nice and easy I mean worst case scenario if it's really bad We just have to get the tire fixed in that other town Ibague And we just get any tire Okay All right let's carry on for now See how we get on Okay so we just jumped back on and It's definitely getting lower and lower by the second Any chance we thought we had of making it You know to Bogota before doing something about this is over now No we're going to have to deal with this now today So there's a town coming up in 30 minutes called Armenia It's a funny name for a town In Armenia there's a bike shop which is still open Open till six So we're going to ride over to there And see what they can do about it But yeah for now we're going to take it pretty easy So we've got 13 miles to get to Armenia And then we'll see what we can do Yeah All right so we're getting into town now We are now two miles away from the bike mechanic But there's like tons of speed bumps in this town And it's really really nerve-wracking because I don't want the whole bike hitting the rim of the wheel But our tire is getting flatter and flatter by the minute Yeah we can really feel the wobble now It's like I don't think there's any air left actually No it feels super weird This bike is bouncing around now a lot And it's pretty wobbly on the back Kind of feels like we're riding on sand Yeah it feels super crazy And I'm really really hoping that something is open today Because it is a holiday, a public holiday Okay God Yeah it's not too cool when you're riding slow In traffic like this because everyone wants to get around you Oh man I'm just so worried about If the tire gets too low and the bike hits that rim If all the bike weight lands on the rim of the wheel there Then that that rear wheel is going to be toast Then it's game over So not not cool Okay so the place Place should be coming up in a second Somewhere here Is it this one right here? Nope Yeah maybe No no it's not No I can't see anything This thing Nope Taladimotos el Bosque It's probably this place you know Maybe but whatever it is it's totally closed So I think we're gonna have to Google map our way to another one Just up here for a moment Okay So we've tried a couple of mechanics We tried to call one just now But everyone is closed today because of the public holiday So for now we'll just try to find a place to stay for tonight And then tomorrow morning we will call up some garages And ride around and see if we can fix the tire Because the tire is bad Totally Totally down now Totally down Hotel el bosque Which I think means forest That's why it's green So they have private parking which is awesome Yeah that looks really flat now I can push that in We made it have been alive with the flat tire but alive Yeah that last bit was pretty hairy to be honest It was a bit like So um yeah we can't really ride much more on that tire to be honest No luckily a town wasn't too far away after we have noticed And actually tomorrow hopefully the shops will be open And we will figure something out because we definitely need a new tire You know it's crazy it's like Colombia is throwing loads of obstacles at us First it was food poisoning Then a diversion that took us all around the mountains A landslide and now a flat tire It's like I don't even know what to believe anymore We just want to reach there to get the flight you know for Bumblebeer It's like the one time that we have to get somewhere on a specific date And it's like Colombia is throwing everything at us at the moment It's absolutely crazy I think Colombia just wants us to stay here actually for longer And I wish we could spend more time here because it looks absolutely lovely The people are amazing The landscapes are amazing The streets are so clean and nice I can't believe it Like the nature and the people are just amazing here And I would love to spend more time So that's it from us today We hope you enjoyed the video If so please give us a thumbs up Subscribe to the channel Share the video with your friends and family Comment below and we will see you next time


Oh mate, Alex Jones was right man. I'm stuck in an Australian concentration camp. I mean this is grim. I mean this is where I'm stuck. They really do have concentration camps for the people here in Australia. It's a it's a police state man. It's a big brother. This is this is this is all I've got man. This is all I've got. I'm stuck here. It's a police state but the restrictions have gone too far bro. Oh man. Let me find a little cubby hole here. I've got to keep my voice down in case a big brother gets to me. So thinking about working your program. So this is a good time to meditate on philosophical issues. I'm stuck in a concentration camp. So you can believe in God but you can still eat too much. You can still debt too much. You can still spend too much. You can still drink too much. You can still do too many drugs. Right. So theoretical or religious belief in God. It may not cut it. You may have an addiction or a compulsion or you may be continually doing things that you wish you didn't do and believing in God or just practicing your religion as you've been doing it. It's not going to be enough. It's not going to provide you with enough power to to overcome these compulsions and addictions. So it's not just belief in God. I think we need a new relationship with God. We need a new way of connecting with a power greater than ourselves and just going through the motions and doing the same old thing may not cut it. So we need to take things to a whole new level. And if you're believing in God but patronizing prostitutes or looking at pornography online or stealing from your employer then need a whole new relationship with God. And I think that begins with a whole new relationship with other people. And so humility means recognizing what you can learn from other people living in reality. Compliance with God's will and starts with compliance with people who are in proper authority over you. Whether it's health officials or an employer or people who are more senior in your community or parents where you all are accountable to other people. None of us are running this show the whole time. We're always in positions where other people will have precedence over us. And so I think complying with God begins with complying with other people and working in your program. So in 12 steps it usually means going to meetings or this is my little coming up here in the Australian Concentration Camp. They're calling a sponsor following sponsors direction but that's not the only meaning of working your program right. It could mean reading biographies of people who found recovery. It could mean going bowling with other people in recovery. It could mean going to parties with other people in recovery. It could mean going to coffee with other people in recovery. Going out to eat. Going for a bush walk. Going bush biking. Like going to a game with other people in recovery. So there are many ways to work a program and I think unless you use the program to connect with other people then I don't think there's any real recovery.   Just trying to figure out oh is there any light here? Can I find my way out? How do I get out of here? I'm not stuck in this camp alone. There's a way out. So I think there are many ways of working the program. There are YouTube videos. I've got some protein bars here. I've got my supplements. So maybe a police tape but hey it's mine. So if you're bored with your religion it's got to be like a new approach. It's got to be like some new mentor you can find in your religion or a new community or new activities. New social groups. Like every religion has so many different social groups. Like there's maybe a security group that you can volunteer with and maybe help the homeless group or exercise group or a networking group. So working a program doesn't have to be dull and predictable and just doing the same old thing. So in 12 step or in religion or in the workplace there's got to be new ways of approaching your traditional responsibilities that can add excitement and energy and just new levels of interest. Something that will compel you to go forward. So if you're getting a church or getting a synagogue and you're bored out of your mind maybe there's a new church or a new synagogue or a new way of approaching church or synagogue. Maybe there's a new group of people that you need to mix with. If you're going to meetings and your mind's wandering and you're not getting anything out of it then there's got to be a new way like spending time with people outside of meetings or having an accountability partner. You want to change something you need an accountability partner. Most of us can't make painful substantial changes on our own. So many of us I think we're stuck in like a concentration camp of our own habits and compulsions and the only way out is through connection with other people and opening yourself up to learning from them because from connection comes energy and to do anything good important you have to have energy. Energy comes from connection with others and tuning into others being on the same page with other people having a rhythm with other people.


Thank you, Reverend Roddwell. We'll now move on to the next item of business. Point of order, Stephen Kerr. I'd like to seek your help in a matter which I believe should concern every one of us as parliamentarians. Last Friday, the First Minister made yet another televised Covid statement and then went on to take questions from journalists. This happened even though Parliament was sitting last Thursday. This is only the latest occasion when the First Minister has chosen to speak to TV cameras rather than come to this chamber to make a statement and take questions from the members of this Parliament. This Parliament should be where these statements are made first. We are elected to hear statements first. The First Minister should give the Parliament the respect that it deserves. First, please confirm that it is in order for the First Minister to come to this chamber to make Government statements and that it is not in order for the First Minister to ignore this Parliament and make statements instead in front of TV cameras and journalists. Second, if the First Minister was not in a position to make her statement on Thursday, as she may try to offer an excuse for this apparent disrespect to Parliament, that it would be in order for the First Minister to ask her party's business manager to seek a sitting of Parliament last Friday. Finally, to make further representations to the Scottish Government and the First Minister in particular, that Government statements should be made here first to allow for proper scrutiny and to show respect for our Parliament. I thank the member for advance notice of the point of order, and I note that those matters were also discussed at the bureau today. As I outlined at the bureau, it is my expectation that all substantial announcements in relation to Covid-19 are made to the Parliament. Issues relating to the timetabling of business are in the first instance a matter for discussion at the bureau and ultimately for the Parliament to decide. Any concerns that members have about the timetabling of business can be raised through their business manager or with me directly. Thank you. The next item of business is the point of order, Neil Bibby. I also wish to make a further point of order on this matter. There are extraordinary times when Governments around the world are taking extraordinary measures. That makes accountability and parliamentary scrutiny more important than ever before. Paragraph 3.5 of the ministerial code states that when the Parliament is meeting, ministers should ensure that important announcements of Government policy are made in the first instance to the Parliament. Our standing orders provide the flexibility to ensure that ministers can meet that obligation under the code. Where a minister wishes to make a statement of an urgent nature, rule 13.2 allows them to request time for a parliamentary statement that day. Rule 5.4 makes clear that should emergency business arrive, the Prime Minister may allow that business to be taken and make necessary alterations to the daily business list. Parliament could also agree to meet outwith our usual sitting days, if necessary. We recently met for four hours on a Friday to elect our deputy. Presiding officers, we could easily meet on a Friday to consider urgent matters of national importance. Matters of national importance, such as the level of tiered current or on-a-vice restrictions that will apply to our constituents if that was required. When critical announcements and statements from the First Minister are made to a press conference instead of Parliament, members are denied the opportunity to question the First Minister and the Scottish Government about the decisions as the situation develops. There is no reason why Parliament should be denied the opportunity to fulfil our role in holding Government's account and to do so in good time. Presiding officers, I would be grateful if you could confirm that there is no barrier to Parliament meeting on a Friday or to the Scottish Government requesting parliamentary time for urgent and emergency business concerning their response to the pandemic as we all seek to support the country through this crisis. I thank Mr Bibby for his point of order. As I previously said, it is my expectation that all substantial announcements in relation to Covid-19 or indeed in other issues are made to the Parliament. I am absolutely certain that this is an issue that we will return to discussing at our next bureau meeting. As I said previously, issues relating to timetabling are a matter for the bureau and ultimately for the Parliament to decide. I thank the member for his point of order. I will now move to the next item of business, which is topical questions. As ever, in order to get in as many people as possible, I would prefer short and succinct questions and answers to match. I call for question number one, Rachel Hamilton. To ask the Scottish Government what its response is to the recent report by the Scottish Children and Young People's Commissioner, which suggests that some at-risk children might have been detained unlawfully in secure accommodation. Minister Claire Harvey. Secure care is one of the most intensive and restrictive forms of alternative care in Scotland, and depriving a child of their liberty and secure units, even where this is essential for their safety and welfare, has a profound effect on them. Such decisions should always be legally justifiable, rights-proofed and transparent. The report by the commissioner highlights significant procedural and notification issues for local authorities and chief social work officers following the examination of 119 cases of children placed in secure accommodation across 27 local authorities in Scotland during 2018 and 2019. The report also highlights good practice in some areas and pointed to encouraging remedial activity since the fieldwork took place. However, I am very concerned that every child's statutory rights may not have been protected during this time, and I wrote to chief social work officers yesterday both to offer support and to seek reassurance that they have, if necessary, amended procedures to comply fully with all regulations. I am also looking to meet with COSLA at the earliest opportunity to discuss this matter further. Rachel Hamilton. I thank the minister for that answer, but this simply is not good enough. As she said, she highlighted at the investigator who had examined the cases of 118 children between August 2018 and 2019. I found that a significant number had been held unlawfully for at least part of that attention. Some had been held for 570 days. Critically, the report found that children's human rights were breached. There has been a litany of failures, Presiding Officer. There was a severe lack of consultation with the child after their hearing, with little communication to help that child understand why they had been detained, and they could, in fact, have appealed a decision made about them. Children have not only been let down. Their rights have been infringed. This is totally unacceptable and morally wrong. Will the minister today make a public apology to those children who have so badly been let down by this Government? Minister. As I'm sure that the member would be able to local authority to ensure that they are complying with the law and that social work officers are fulfilling their duties, the report highlights inconsistencies around the recording of the engagement with children and young people. I did not detect concerns from the commissioner's report about the necessity or appropriateness of actual placement decisions. However, timely notifications and record keeping are an important aspect of the process. Rachel Hamilton. No apology, minister. The investigation concluded that there is a scrutiny gap in relation to compliance with legal duties, and the commissioner found it challenging, in many cases, to piece together key events and decision making. The report states short-term and longer-term actions that must take place to improve this situation. Moving forward, this cannot happen again to any child, and we need to see change and recommendations of the report implemented in full. Your Government must act quickly to resolve this and prevent further unlawful detentions. We on these benches echo calls from the Children's Commissioner for an urgent review of practices of local authorities. Will the minister commit to this in earnest and ensure that both inspection and scrutiny mechanisms are fit for purpose so that they can comply fully with the relevant legal duties and human right obligations? Minister. The report asks that the Scottish Government work with partners to consider whether the existing laws are compatible with UNCRC and make any amendments necessary to strengthen legal protections of children's rights. It is important that we get it right for every child regardless of their circumstances. We will work closely with COSLA and other partners to ensure that there are robust scrutiny and accountability mechanisms in place through individual organisations, multi-agency partnerships and national inspection arrangements. I have a supplementary request from Rona Mackay. I am pleased to hear that the minister will write to all chief social work officers across Scotland seeking assurance that they have where necessary amended their procedure to comply with regulations. Is the minister aware of any local authorities and chief social work officers have already taken steps to review or amend their policies? Minister. I understand from the report that, during the investigation, 17 local authorities have already taken steps to review their policy and practice. That is welcome, but all local authorities must ensure that they have undertaken a similar process. Question 2. I call Alex Cole-Hamilton. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. To ask the Scottish Government whether it will provide an update on 2020, including the phanzo. Cabinet Secretary, Humza Yousaf. Presiding Officer, we are working closely with the Scottish FFA, with Glasgow City Council, Police Scotland and other partners on preparations for Euro 2020, including the four matches that Hamden parking Glasgow Green phanzoam. The situation with the virus will be continually reviewed in the run-up to and, of course, during the tournament, taking into account the latest scientific and clinical advice and indeed local information that we get on the ground. In relation to the phanzoam, I understand the concerns that some have expressed, especially in light of the hard sacrifices that everyone has made. The proposal for a phanzoam is not about prioritising football over other priorities. It is about seeking to cater in as safe a way as possible for fans who want to watch the matches. However, I want to give an assurance that these decisions are made carefully and with full account taken of clinical advice. In the case of the phanzoam, it will provide an outdoor, highly-regulated space for fans to watch the tournament. Although there will be up to 3,000 people at attendance per session, this is in a large outdoor space with a normal capacity for up to 80,000 people. Necessary physical distancing and hygiene measures will, of course, also be in place. We are encouraging everyone to make regular use of lateral flow device tests and we are in discussion with Glasgow City Council about how to reinforce this message for everyone at attendance and fans. I want to make it clear that the situation with the virus, the application of necessary mitigations and the actual experience of the event will be monitored on an on-going basis. Any changes that are considered necessary will be made up to and including withdrawing permission should significant concerns arise. Alex Cole-Hamilton. I am very grateful to the cabinet secretary for that answer. We are now just days away from Scotland's men's team in 33 years and at Hamden of all places. That should kick-start a number of great sport and activity from the grassroots to elite level. After 15 months of being locked out of events and the prospect is an exciting one but people expect this to be done in the safest way possible. Asymptomatic testing has been an integral part of trial events across the United Kingdom including entry to the FA Cup final last month. The Euro 2020 events are being advertised as taking place in a Covid secure environment but without the Covid status of every participant being known there is no way on earth of verifying that security. Cabinet secretary, why has the Government decided that a mandatory testing is not necessary for the fan zone or the games at Hamden? I would appreciate short questions and answers please. We will continue the discussions with Glasgow City Council but there are issues around mandatory testing that cannot be ignored. People who cannot do a mandatory test possibly because of a medical condition or a disability in addition to that of course there are ethical considerations that I know his party has raised on Covid vaccine certificates. Some of those same concerns would also apply when it came to making tests mandatory. So there are equality issues there. There are issues around digital exclusion so if you had to present for example a text confirming your negative test that might exclude people who are digitally excluded already. So those are issues that we have to work through. We will reinforce with Glasgow City Council the message about testing before arrival. In fact Glasgow City Council I spoke to them this morning will email every single ticket holder via their ticketing company that will not only encourage those individuals to test before arrival but will include a link where they can order the lateral flow devices and I would encourage every single person that has a ticket to any session of the fan zone to please test before arrival. You can get that lateral flow device ordered to your home if necessary or pick it up from the multiple sites right across the country. Alex Cole-Hamilton. I'm grateful again for that answer and with respect to the cabinet secretary all of these issues, the human rights issues and indeed inclusion issues have been successfully resolved south of the border. Hospitality businesses across Scotland have had a punishing time especially in Glasgow. They've invested thousands in safety measures only to be shut for months so the rules remain tight and they're not even allowed to advertise the fact that they are showing the tournament there. The last thing they want to see is the progress we've made undone by a third wave so you can understand their concern about a temporary event on their doorstep able to accommodate thousands of people for 31 days straight. Can I ask the cabinet secretary what reassurance his government will give to those businesses and what additional measures his government will take to mitigate any impact on them should a third wave hit Glasgow as a result of the fan zone? Cabinet secretary. I recognise the concerns that have been raised by hospitality in Glasgow. There are a range of mitigations in place. Again, I emphasise that although there will be 3,000 people per session the space is large enough to accommodate 80,000. Don't think of this as your traditional fan zone that you might have seen for example during the Champions League final just a couple weeks ago but it's a family event. Families can participate in for example football pitches will be available tennis courts will be available there there will be a picnic area again where people can sit in their family bubbles and in terms of mitigation there's a lot of mitigation around and around I know where there's concerns with the service of alcohol. There is table service only for example there's no queuing bars allowed no spirits will be served on match day there will be all spectators as you'd imagine would have to complete the test and protect information in Glasgow Hamilton with further details of all the mitigation that is in place is that this event should be a low risk event but I go back to my original answer we will monitor this on an on-going basis and if necessary if we have to introduce even further mitigation we will do so and if we have serious concerns then we have reserved the right to withdraw permission for the fans zone. To ask the Scottish Government what action it will take to increase Police Scotland's capacity to tackle online crime reports of a 6 per cent year on year increase in online child sex abuse crimes. Cabinet Secretary Keith Brown We continue to tackle child sexual abuse and exploitation by building on the work delivered over the last four years through the national action plan to prevent and tackle child sexual exploitation so additional funding was made available to Police Scotland for enhanced enforcement activity in direct response to the increase in reporting of online child sexual abuse during the Covid-19 pandemic The Scottish Government continues to support Police Scotland's response ensuring that hundreds of children have been safeguarded by Police enforcement We are also collaborating with third sector and operational partners to engage the public and raise awareness about the dangers of online abuse including running successful communications campaigns earlier this year which connected with hundreds of thousands of Scots The member will know the regulation of the internet and online service providers remain a reserved matter but we continue to work closely with the UK Government and OFCOM in developing proposals to better safety measures online including close liaison with the UK Government on the forthcoming online safety legislation and finally the member will know that operational decisions in relation to specific offences are for the chief constable Pauline McNeill The cabinet secretary for that answer a total of in 1966 online child sex abuse crimes were logged by Police Scotland It's 25% greater on the five-year average which is concerning and police officers have warned that it should be particularly vigilant when it comes to apps like TikTok in particular Buzzfeed reported recently one of the most popular kinds of videos from TikTok users who are most young and female are lip sync videos where they dance and sing along with their favourite songs and these performances are sometimes sexualised by older men who work on the app sending young creators explicit messages and so I ask the Government what they are doing to increase awareness amongst both parents of online grooming on-site such as TikTok to ensure that children develop online safety skills because clearly these figures are not coming down Cabinet secretary Can I thank the member for a supplementary question and say that I've mentioned already the communications campaigns which Police Scotland have run and those will continue to run and to address some of the points which she raises She may be aware of some of the provisions proposed provisions within the UK's online safety bill which will seek to address those issues so sanctions of 10 per cent of turnover and the blocking of sites for firms who fail to protect users the UK will reserve the power for senior managers to be held liable also new regulations applying to any company in the world hosting user generated content online accessible by people in the UK or enabling them to private layer publicly interact with others online to go back to the point that the member made so I should say that we are very supportive of this the NSPCC who may have prompted herald to raise the issue it is very clear that the UK Government should proceed with this and deliver on its promise and you will encourage them to do just that Pauli McNeill Thank the cabinet secretary for answering what would have been my supplementary question but he was aware that Frank Ho and chairman Amber Alert Europe said that often the signs remain unnoticed and tell us too late and we want to make sure that children and young people are aware of the fact that online is not everything welcome the fact that finally the UK has brought forward this bill and I wonder if the cabinet secretary could commit to the Parliament to making sure that he updates us on the progress and ensure that the Scottish Government is fully satisfied that it deals with these points cabinet secretary I'm more than happy to give that commitment to the member but in the meantime as I say we will continue to ensure the police have the resources that they want to support the police's independence in relation to this increase the communications campaign as a danger to young people and encourage the UK Government to progress the online safety bill which they have committed to providing Thank you that concludes topical questions the next item of business point of order Presiding Officer Topical questions are on topics that are very current and require urgent answers I appreciate at the start of topical questions there was a couple of points of order that had to be dealt with but surely there has to be flexibility to allow us to ask the questions that our constituents have asked us to ask the Government here it can't be right that we cut topical questions by as much as it has been I thank Mr Whittle for his point of order I appreciate his frustration we had a couple of points of order which did indeed bite into time but I will certainly give his comments full consideration thank you very much indeed the next item