Hello, welcome to the lecture number 20 of the course quantum mechanics and molecular spectroscopy. We will go on with our lecture after a brief recap of the previous lecture. In the previous lecture we looked at two things, one is the rate of absorption and as it is rate of emission. Based on this we can and we got two equations, rho radiation nu is equal to A21 divided by P12 N1 by N2 B21 minus okay and this under the circumstances A21 is written as A and P12 equals to B21 is equal to B, we write A by P N1 by N2 minus 1 okay. Now N1 by N2 is given by Boltzmann population, this is equal to e to the power of h nu by k t, it is the same as e to the power of delta e by okay. So this turns out to be A divided by P into e to the power of h nu by k t minus 1. Now rho radiation nu, if I look at in terms of Planck's blackbody radiation that will give me 8 pi h nu cube by C cube into 1 over e to the power of h nu by k t minus 1 okay. Now if I rho radiation nu and now if I equate these two equations then I can get A by B equals to 8 pi h nu cube by C cube and we also discussed that A by B is proportional to nu cube okay. And another thing that we looked at if you starting from the Fermi golden rule okay and using dipole movement along z axis and also using isotropic light, we said that W12 is equal to pi by 6 h bar integral to mu z dot e 1 modulus square rho 2 and this is nothing but dipole mode and this is density of states okay. Now I want to make use this equation and get along okay. Now there is something that is there is that if I have this also can be written as okay W12 can also be written as pi by 6 h bar to mu z to epsilon modulus square and then I will get the electric field out square of it rho 2. So this is okay this is probably not the right way to write. So this one can write as pi by 6 h bar to mu z so only the component of mu z that is aligned with respect to the electric field I 1 square square rho 2. The reason why I want to bring the electric field out because the energy of electromagnetic field is equal to epsilon naught. So this is energy and this is nothing but electric field and epsilon naught is permittivity of free space. So I can write rewrite this equation W12 equals to okay pi by 6 epsilon naught h bar modulus of 2 integral to mu z epsilon 1 square E rho 2 of electromagnetic radiation okay. Now so this is what we have. Now what I want to do is I want to slightly now this is based on Fermi's golden rule and you know Fermi's golden rule happens because there is a density of states it is going from a discrete initial state to state that is embedded okay in some density okay. But now let us consider for example you have a initial state 1 and you have final state 2 okay which is embedded between in some density but I want to look at only this transition okay. So I am looking for 1 to 2 discrete transition no density it is just the discrete transition okay. Now apart from that when you are looking at this discrete transition okay now all I want to do is I do not want to use. So this will happen let us say it happens at delta E 1 2 or 2 1 this is equal to E h nu 1 2 okay. It will happen at a very specific wavelength or a very specific frequency nu 1 2. So if I want to make a discrete transition if I want to go from state 1 to state 2 I have to give the right frequency nu 1 2 or the electromagnetic radiation with the right frequency nu 1 2. But now if you look at we were talking about the candle or some kind of lamp so of course that is not going to give you a monochromatic monochromatic energy or electromagnetic radiation. So nu 1 2 will not be very very single very very selective okay you will get all sorts of nu and out of which only nu 1 2 will cause the transition. If you use non-monochromatic so what I am trying to do is that I am going from state 1 to state 2 which has a energy difference of delta E and frequency of nu 1 2 okay but using non-monochromatic radiation and when you have non-monochromatic radiation you have let us say p radiation nu such that you have nu plus in the frequency nu plus nu. Now this is the radiation density okay so if I want to get the energy okay rho radiation nu I should get p radiation okay if it is a small integral but if you have a large integral then this should be integrated over nu. Now in such scenario okay your w 1 2 will be equal to pi by 6 epsilon not h bar z E 1 whole square okay energy E with radiation density p radiation p radian okay but we are looking at spreading the radiation so this must be integrated over d nu so when I integrate over radiation nu nu so what I will get is pi 6 epsilon not h bar 2 nu z epsilon 1 whole square integral okay by the p radiation nu d nu of course I am writing the same equation so when I integrate what I will get is this integral is given by 1 over h bar rho radiation okay therefore your w 1 2 is given by pi by 6 epsilon not h bar square integral 2 nu z along some epsilon 1 whole square into rho radiation so let me reiterate now according to Einstein's coefficients what was rho w 1 2 rate for an absorption it was nothing but b 1 2 okay n 1 okay now I can equate these two equations now so what you will get then b 1 2 n 1 equals to pi by 6 epsilon not h bar square square whole square now but there is a problem in this equation I do not know what this n 1 is n 1 we said is the population of the state but when you derive quantum mechanics roles okay we derive for one single molecule or one single quantum object so your n 1 must be actually 1 because all this derivation of this the initial state to final state is based on one quantum object so therefore n 1 we must be replaced by 1 so your b 1 2 it is nothing but your b is equal to pi by 6 epsilon not h bar square 2 mu z 1 whole square so let me look at so your b that is your Einstein's coefficient for spontaneous absorption and stimulated emission is given 1 pi by 6 epsilon not h bar square and the integral 2 mu z but we also know a by b is equal to 8 pi h now we know that h bar is equal to h by 2 pi or h is equal to 2 pi so if I write in terms of h bar then I will get 2 pi so we will get 16 pi square h bar mu cube by c cube that is a by b but now we already know b so a is equal to 16 pi square h bar mu cube by c cube into b which is nothing but pi by 6 epsilon not h bar square 2 mu z 1 whole square now I can do some arrangement so this h square and this h bar will go away this pi becomes pi cube 6 2 times so 3 8 so this will become 8 pi cube 8 pi cube by 3 h bar c cube mu cube mu z 1 whole square so your a is given by this and b is given by so what you have is a is some constant 2 z epsilon 1 whole square and b is some other set of constants 2 mu z epsilon 1 whole square and this constants here will be 8 pi cube mu cube divided by 3 h bar c cube and this constant is pi by 6 epsilon not h bar square now you can really see that the Einstein coefficients a and b are proportional to the square of the transient dipole both a, b are proportional to mu z 1 square of this so this is nothing but transient dipole ok the proportionally constants are different but essentially if they are proportional to transient dipole so if you know the transient dipole then you can get the Einstein coefficients a and b and if you know the Einstein coefficients a and b then you know the rate of absorption and rate of emission ok so essentially the rate absorption slash emission is related to transition. Let us suppose you have an excited state ground state 1 and excited state 2 and you have n 1 and n 2 now if you excite 2 from ground state excited state for a very large delta E and we know as the large delta E increases mu also increases or very large mu which means your a by b is proportional to mu cube that means if you have very large mu ok then mu cube will be much more than the b so for example let us say nu is nu is 100 ok so let us say nu is equal to 100 ok so nu cube will be 100 cube so that will be 1 6 0 so you have nu of 100 ok the nu cube will be a million ok so generally nu cube is going to be is going to dominate over nu that means a will dominate over b that means spontaneous emission will dominate over stimulated emission so which means for a very large delta U ok spontaneous emission will dominate over stimulated emission ok. Now you can think of a scenario in which you are going from a state 1 to state 2 your initial population is 1 and this is n 2 at some point of time ok after you excite and then you switch off the light then what will happen everything will emit spontaneously so minus d so decay of population from the excited state d n 2 by d t should be proportional to the n 2 times a that the rate constant and the population ok now if I integrate this minus d n 2 over 1 over n 2 is equal to a so we can take the other side d n 2 by n 2 is equal to minus a so this will be nothing but ln n 2 will be equal to minus a t so if you take plus some constant of integration and then when you rearrange what you will get is n 2 of t will be equal to n 2 of 0 that is initial exponential minus a t so this is so the decay will be given by a decay constant will be given by a so what means the decay constant when you excite to molecule to higher level the spontaneous emission will decay by rate constant of a now this decay constant a is equal to some constants epsilon 2 1 square this is nothing but your decay constant ok so by measuring the decay constant and this can be experimentally measured I will come to this in the next lecture ok ok decay constant in the excited of the excited of the excited state can be measured so it is like a rate of reaction ok then you can measure the rate constants that is a decay constant and that decay constant is proportional to the transition dipole so if you can somehow measure the decay constant experimentally then you can evaluate the transition dipole ok we will stop here and continue in the next lecture.


Hey guys, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rosler. I want to make a video regarding the Canon XA4C professional camcorder and regarding accessorization of it. In other words, what kind of accessories you can throw onto it. So, first thing to say is that this info is going to apply equally to the XA4550 and 5055. The only difference is that the fives, in other words, 4555, they have SDI out. So, if I pop open the accessories area here, this is what the 40 has. You have your 3.5mm, in other words, an eighth in. You have an eighth out for monitoring. You have mini HDMI out, micro USB, and finally remote control, but you don't have SDI. But otherwise, and then the 50, you're going to get that nicer one inch sensor. This is only a 1 over 2.3 CMOS sensor on the 40. But otherwise, I think they're actually pretty much identical. You're going to pay more for that larger sensor, obviously, and for the SDI out. So, this is the cheapest of the four options. In terms of accessorization, I did a video about this previously. What I did say is that you want to go for a short or a compact shotgun. They do exist on the market. They're typically called short shotguns. Otherwise, I'm just going to put this up against my wall so you can just see it a bit easier. The microphone's a little bit too big, in my opinion, for the camcorder. But it does the job. This is a 28cm shotgun. It's not a short or compact shotgun. It's a regular one. And it's a 21 inch camera or 19 if you don't count the lens hood. So, yeah, this is what I have for the moment. It does get the job done. And finally, you have a little shotgun mount here. That's this thing right here. This screws onto the top handle unit for your professional audio. One trick of the trade I want to pass on is that I ran some insulation tape around the shotgun in order to increase its diameter. Otherwise, it wouldn't catch nicely in that shotgun mount. It doesn't... You can adjust the diameter by screwing in here, but this is at its fullest. And it wasn't actually tight enough to grip onto this particular shotgun, the Boya BYBM6060. Other accessory you're probably going to want to use or the common accessory would be lights, of course. So, another place, your other option is if you have the top handle, you have one cold shoe to work with here. And you also have... And if you don't use a pro audio top handle, in other words, there's a shoe here. So you've got... Either way, you're going to have an extra shoe to play around with. So what you can do is use... You can put a microphone here. For instance, another configuration here. I could use this little mini LED light. And this guy happens to have a cold shoe, and then I could stack another microphone. So that works for rigging as well. But probably the most, you know, most people using a pro camcorder are going to be wanting to use a shotgun.  Now, in terms of what size light you can get, this is one thing I was wondering. So this is a light I actually really like. It's a really cheap $20 little Yulanzi thing. And it doesn't throw out a ton of light. Before it's size, it actually is decent. And it's... But more importantly, it's really, really small. So this guy can slot in there super easily. And I'm actually tempted just to, like, leave all my accessories. I wish more camcorders had built-in lights and built-in shotgun microphones. So you always had something, but I guess it does give you more flexibility if they're not built-in. But in any event, if you use something small, like this little light, and you just leave the shotgun microphone attached, well, now you've got, for your running gun, you've got a unit that's barely any bigger than it was before I added these accessories, and you've got your light. It would be a little bit better if the light was operated from the other side, but the switch is here. There you go. Now I've got my light. Now I've got my microphone. And now I'm ready to shoot an interview, you know, with somebody at nighttime, let's say. How much space do you have? Final pedantic detail. As I have a little bit of a collection of lights going on, I'll show you a few options. This is the Ulanzi VL49. So it's a bit bigger, and therefore it produces a bit more light. But on the flip side, the more height you're going to add, naturally, the less portable it's going to be. And you're going to need a bigger camera bag if you want to keep everything assembled. But that's how that looks. I think it looks pretty decent. Let me show you what it looks like with the light actually in operation. And again, it's a little bit brighter, but we're still getting, and this one's actually an RGB light, so it can do a bunch of different colors. And that's only running at 15% of its potential brightness. So there's a lot brighter that can go. And final demonstration for you guys. This is a bigger camera light. Again, this is a big chunky thing. This is a Viltrox VL162T.  And this is where we're starting to run into trouble with space. And naturally, this is going to be pretty heavy, but let's see if I can do it with one hand while I'm trying to hold the camcorder with the other one. It's going to be a stretch, but I'm pretty sure it can be done. There we go. And it'll actually lock off. And we have it. Now that's definitely starting to get really heavy. This is pretty, and it's big and chunky, but if you really did want to use, have a good on-camera light that could throw a lot of light, let me turn this guy on here. That's again only running at 20%, but this one has a nice little color temperature dial and a percentage dial on the back. Let me crank it all the way up to 100 and keep that color temperature. And now we have a really bright light there coming off that would really, really do a lot of work for you if you were doing interviews or whatever. Nighttime, because with your 1 over 2.3 sensor, the low light performance is going to be definitely worse than the 1 in sensor on the 50, but you can overcome that to a good extent by really lighting your stuff well. In terms of the stability, I just advise screwing these in really carefully, because now everything is resting on this handle, but it feels really sturdy because I've screwed it in really, really well. So yeah, depending on how big you want your finished rig to be, you can throw in a variety of on-camera lights and on-camera microphones, and then you can convert this camcorder into something that is pre-accessorized and truly ready to run and gun even if you're shooting in nighttime or low light conditions. Hope this video has been useful. My hand is giving out here, so I'm going to end this video. Thank you guys for watching. If you'd like to get more videos from me, please subscribe to this YouTube channel.


Don't you know? Thou side my boots are buried up in snow I think I'd like to stay I hope you have space here, my friend You say it's alright, it's Christmas time The ones I love now The ones I love are all my friends Both new and just right To curl up by the fire so bright And hear those bells chime It's Christmas time A place for heartache Stay warm It's Christmas time It's Christmas time


President Muhammad Ubrari has lamented the surge in insecurity on African waterways specifically within the Gulf of Guinea and has called for collaborative effort amongst stakeholders to tackle the menace. The President spoke at the International Maritime Conference in Honourable Status, part of the 66th anniversary of the Nigerian Navy. President Muhammad Ubrari started by commanding the Nigerian Navy for its commitment to ensuring the safety of the country's waterways. Represented by the Minister of Defense, retired Major General Bashir Magashir, the President noted that the efforts of the Nigerian Navy have led to a reduction in sea piracy under the listing of Nigeria from the International Maritime Bureau of Piracy's List since March. The President said that the conference will fashion out ways for collaboration among security add-ons and also curb maritime crime in the collective waterways. You will agree that these threats have become a transnational and involve beyond the scope and capability of one nation to deal with. The situation there refers to greater international collaboration and this conference therefore symbolizes strategic collaborative initiative between the Nigerian Navy and other international waterways stakeholders. Earlier in his remarks, the Chief of Novel Staff, Vice-Admiral Awal Gambo, noted that this year's conference with the theme, Optimizing Collaboration for Maritime Security and Social Economic Development in Africa, is apt and timely. Admiral Gambo noted the rising need for effective collaboration in maritime policy, stressing that the current security threat in the Gulf of Guinea is of serious concern to Africa and the global community. The reason is that this conference will provide a very good option to collectively address the myriad of challenges in the maritime environment. It is therefore hoped that this one will facilitate the more needed distance towards identifying viable concepts and constructing collaborative action plans that will support this strategic learning initiative. The objective of the conference is to receive proper understanding and develop strategies that will enhance collective preparedness to meet present and emerging maritime challenges in an ever-changing strategic environment in the Gulf of Guinea and Europe. He revealed that the Nigerian Navy has grown from an offshoot of the Nigerian Marine to a formidable component of the country's security architecture and a major player in the Gulf of Guinea security.


1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, OK? All good? Thank you. Look, thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for being here today. Today is a bit of a milestone for the Queensland Police Service in terms of our renewal and restructure. And new structure takes effect as of today. And I'm also happy to announce that the latest of our deputy positions, Deputy Commissioner Steve Golcheski, starts work as of today in his new role in this strategy command. Certainly, the restructure process is aimed at getting more police out where they're needed on the front line. And our whole focus is the frontline services that we provide. We want to be the best police department in this nation. And certainly, we're working towards that. This restructure helps that. By taking away some of those lines on the maps, we're looking for a more flexible, more agile police service, one that doesn't take note of the different areas where officers are assigned, but actually becomes a boundary-less police service, so that our priorities are always going to be the safety and security of Queenslanders wherever they are in the state. I'm happy to take any questions you have. What's different out there today than last week? On the front line, I'm hopeful that you'll start to see more and more police. By restructuring the organization and going from eight regions back to five and the 31 districts down to 15, what it does is actually release the back-office staff. Now, you know that we've had a number of people who've taken redundancies from our organization, and that's both sworn officers and our staff members. And whilst it's sad to see so many people leave the organization, it is part of that renewal. There will be no net loss, ultimately, to the number of sworn police in the Queensland Police Department. And in fact, that occurs with the 1,100 extra police that the government has promised us over four years as well. No net loss at all. But certainly, that whilst we lose that experience, it releases some officers from administrative duties in those now-defunct areas, and they will go to front-line duties in the main. Has there have been, with the movement out on the beat, do you have to update their skill sets, this sort of thing, because they've been on the road before? Certainly, we have a policy of continuous training and testing of our officers, all of our sworn officers, under our operational skills and training, OST, and even back-room officers are required to keep their operational skills valid and up-to-date. And that's an ongoing process. So we will need, though, for some officers who've been off the street for some time, they will potentially need some extra training and we'll provide that. Commissioner, could you just run through the maths of how many staff have left the force altogether and how many have come in? Could you just run through that sworn and unsmall? Certainly, in the media release that I provided you today, the numbers are there at the bottom. I think it's 332 staff members who've left the organisation and 86 sworn members have moved on. All of these sworn member redundancies were voluntary, as you're probably aware. And as I said earlier, each one of those over time will be replaced by an officer at a lower level, so constable to senior sergeant level in the organisation. Now, I know one of your changes is more staff in the evidence collecting in regional parts of the state. Why is there a need to have officers out there gathering electronic evidence when it's being done, Christopher? Certainly, the business of policing is a very complex task. And right across our organisation, with prosecutors, with evidence gathering, particularly in the area of our technical areas, for instance, our TI, our telephone intercept areas, those areas are growing because that's where the engineering of the organisation in terms of the forensic evidence is most important. But even with that growth in the organisation, certainly there are still more police on front line or directly supportive of front line duties. Aside from structural changes, such as July 1, Harold, any other changes such as police service, I've read this one, about lowering tolerance when it comes to speed cameras. As I announced a couple of weeks ago, we've used today being the first day of the financial year as well, and certainly the first day of our new structure because of the statistical gathering nature of what we do through our evaluations. We've chosen today as of today to kick off our Reduction in Tolerances program. As I said earlier, Queenslanders have enjoyed probably the most liberal tolerances to speed enforcement anywhere in Australia, and we are now going to reduce that. And as I said a couple of weeks ago, that will be done gradually, and we'll evaluate each step as we move down that path. I'm hoping that people will drive to the speed limit because we know that speeding costs lies in this state. And right today, we're 17 more fatalities at this point of the year, at the calendar year than we were last year, and we know that many of those extra fatalities are attributed to speed. So I'm simply asking people, do the right thing, look after the rest of the road users and your family and loved ones, drive to the speed limit. The Tolerance Reduction program will operate for as long as we need to, to bring the message home to Queenslanders. If you speed anywhere, anytime, you're likely to get a ticket. Those officers that are in the, as we're going back to room, are admin duties. Were many of them placed there after being on sick or stressed leave and then trying to win themselves back into force to help work? Certainly we've had officers over time who've chosen office duties over a frontline duty because of an injury or something like that. That occurs. There are still those types of jobs within our organisation without that. There are just less of them today than there were yesterday because of the restructure. So is there a bigger push now to get those officers back onto the frontline than there was before? No, as I said, if there is a good reason for an officer to have a less physical posting, particularly because of an injury or an illness, that can be accommodated within the organisation. But we had many officers who are simply doing those jobs because those jobs were necessary. We have removed many of those jobs because of the reduction in the number of regions and districts that we have. The number? The number of staff made redundant is actually more than what was originally announced and by the number of sworn officers less are than had been made redundant. Has there been any reason why there's been changes in the numbers? I'm sorry. I said there were 86 sworn officers who took redundancies. They were all commissioned officers. Originally, I had budgeted to 110 commissioned officers who might go. The number of jobs that are actually going to be replaced is between 100 and 110. We only needed the lesser number of commissioned officers to leave because there were a number of vacancies. So there still will be over 100 positions that will be reallocated from commissioned officer positions to the lower ranks, to the NCO ranks. And the number of staff being placed? No. The 332 was 120 immediately after the changing government last year when the initial implications of the financial situation in Queensland was recognized. We were able to look at that position. Then there was a further number after that that then left the organization in terms of the 222 that then left the organization post that in a more planned way again to deal primarily with the restructure of the organization. Has Task Force Hydra or the major and organized crime squad had any impact from the job losses? Certainly, Task Force Hydra is mainly staffed by uniformed officers and detectives. Certainly in terms of our ability to deal with OMCGs and gangs, that has not been diminished. The expertise of the people in those areas is absolutely critical. And obviously, that's also an area of the organization that probably over time will grow rather than reduce. I see them as being a frontline team in all respects. So Commissioner, just back on the evidence collection, you seem like a growing amount of evidence that police are dealing with every day. I think it's true to say that with the advances in technology and science, more issues become available to us and more evidence becomes available to us. Perhaps we didn't even contemplate years ago. DNA is a classic example of that, where whilst DNA has been around for a number of years now, the technology and the science behind that, the analysis of the DNA, is changing all the time and is becoming much more accurate and better. We need to match our techniques in evidence collection to the ability to get the best possible results from it. Obviously for anyone on staff, there have been changes. But from the point of view of someone at home picking up the phone, dialing triple O, what changes do you expect them to experience? Look, we've only started this change program over the last eight months. This started basically the planning in about August of last year. When I became the commissioner, I was able to then put some dates and milestones in place. Today is the day that we start our structural changes, come into being right today. We've had a long period of consultation with all of the key stakeholders. But from this point on, we are now going to start working on different tools and different processes that our people can have a reduction in what we're calling blue tape, meaning the same as red tape reduction for members of the public. We're looking at blue tape internally, trying to make our processes and policies more simple for our people to use themselves. Because over a long period of time, we have put in place layers and layers of policies. We need to strip a lot of that almost of relevant information away from our people and simply give our people the ability to do their job more effectively and efficiently. Will Queensland be safer? Ultimately, absolutely it will. I mean, having any one extra police officer on the road, even for one shift a week, makes Queensland a safer place. There's no doubt in my mind about that. And that's ultimately our aim. The other critical part of our restructure that you will see into the future is the greater use of task force policing, bringing together groups of police who are focused on either case or place events. So by that, I mean a particular case. As in, for instance, every murder we have is basically we put a task force together to investigate that murder. But there's also the implications of place management, where we might have break-in enders or we might have a spike in robberies in a particular area. So in that place, we put a task force together to deal specifically with those events. And the task force gives us the greater ability to focus our resources on that one event or one series of events. In the past, it's been often difficult to pull together the resources we need quickly to address those issues. The future of the Queensland Police Service will be around being able to very quickly address crime problems anywhere in the state. I think you would have all know of Project, or sorry, our Operation Escalate. And that's a classic example of bringing together a group of people in a task force to deal with place management for crime. There's been quite a bit of criticism about the size of the new regions and, you know, you have the Assistant Commissioner based in Rockhampton, but it includes the Sunshine Coast region, I guess. Do you still stand by the size of those regions? Absolutely, but two things. One, the reason we're able to go to those larger sizes is that when we put the map together about 20 years ago, just after Fitzgerald, that broke Queensland up into the eight policing regions, we didn't have the communications technology that we have today. The instant ability to talk to each other right across the state just wasn't available to us in the way it is today. So in reality, you could take all the lines off the map in many respects at the regional level and have one big Queensland region. You could actually do that, but that's probably a step too far in terms of giving people some leadership where we need it out there in those reduced number of regions to five regions. So I stand very much by the fact that I still believe that we will easily be able to provide the level of service we do, the oversight that's needed by management structures in a regional component and still give the partnerships between those communities and their senior managers in the police department the level of interaction that they need. What would be an example of something that, you know, the top cop on the Sunshine Coast would have to go to the Assistant Commissioner in Rockham to get approval for something? Well, there will be very little in the future because as we have had in the past, our districts have always been our operational centre of planning and deployment of staff. So the district level in our organisation is probably the most key structural level or layer. And that's the same for accountability. It's why the operational performance review always that we implemented about 10 years ago always focused on the district level. So our districts are key to the operations of the organisation. Now, we've reduced those from 31 to 15. But again, the reason we did that was because of the ability of managers to communicate more generally across that area seamlessly. Now, as opposed to 20 years ago when it was quite difficult, when we were still using manual typewriters and fax machines. Can you say, Tom, would there be any boundaries? I want to try and change the culture of the organisation to disregard the boundaries at a specific level and that's the operational level. The less lines on the map that we have, the better. But we'll have to evaluate the impact of this change and then we'll look to the future and consider what's possible then. I know you would like to see that in the future, though. What I'd like to see is that police can operate in a way that a line on a map, for instance, the Brisbane River, doesn't prevent police driving across the bridge and doing their job. Now, in theory and practice, that's how it's been in the past. But there is still, for a range of policing duties, those lines have meant a lot and I want to change that culture ultimately. And Commissioner, a 29-year-old officer's been stood down for allegedly his conduct. Is there any idea how long that investigation might take? No, I hope it's done very, very swiftly. I think in fairness to both the officer and to any person who was affected by that officer's conduct, we always try and move forward with these, but in these more serious matters and I consider any use of excessive force as being a very serious matter for our organisation, we need to, or any allegation of that, we need to look at them quickly and make the decisions that we need to make about the officer and whatever they did. It's always difficult to talk about these matters, though, because we work on the basis that the investigation has to take place. There has to be procedural fairness. People have to put their stories forward. So that's why it does take longer in the more complex cases. Was it a member of the public who called the complaint? Look, I'd rather leave the rest of that discussion to the aftermath, because, as I said, it's always challenging to talk about disciplined investigations at the early stages because there needs to be fairness in the way that they're investigating. Commissioner, Jim Carmody's report's going to come down in the afternoon that says that police should be charged with issuing the authority to issue blue cards. Are you happy to take over that responsibility? We do a lot of work at the moment in terms of already checking people's histories for blue cards and the like. I'll certainly be looking at that recommendation and obviously talking to my minister and the government will have a view about where that responsibility lies and certainly, if it's to come to us, I'll be arguing for the necessary resources to deal with that. How many more resources will you need? Look, I have no idea at this stage, but certainly it's a very, it's a large task and it's something that, again, I'll wait until we fully consider it and get the government's view on where it should lie. In relation to Hydra, any idea on how soon we might see that expanded as you think had it earlier or by how much? No, as I said, we'll evaluate our new structure continuously and it's one of the reasons why starting it on the 1st of July actually benefits us in terms of our statistical year as well and we'll be looking at all facets, not just of Hydra, but all of our units right across the state to make sure that we've got the right mix of resources within those units because we do have a wonderful staffing model that contains people, both our sworn and staff members, who have particular skills to do quite specialist roles right across the organisation. So it's important that we make sure that those skills sets are right for the jobs that we're asking them to do. How do your officers view the changes that these are almost changes in the restructure? Look, no change of this magnitude is easy. It's never without pain. And I think that with the consultation that's been ongoing ever since the announcements last Christmas, that our officers certainly will be looking at this with, I hope, with optimism and with an air to looking at the opportunities that will present themselves because at the times of greatest change you also have the greatest opportunities. And many of the things that we've done in making these changes have been exactly what our officers have been asking for over a period of time. And in particular, our ability now to move forward and make further changes in the technology that our officers use in reducing that blue tape as I've talked about previously. I think that they're the clear benefits that officers will see into the future. In your restructure document it talks about some of things that will lead to get to that point. It talks about people being able to e-reports them. It talks about more data to the police officers in the field. It talks about that borderless patrol stuff. When will those things that will enable you to get those benefits? When will we see those happening? Look, as quickly as I can bring them in. As I said, this journey started basically eight months ago. I don't think anyone in our organisation has seen such major change in such a short period of time or certainly not since the aftermath of Fitzgerald. But that change was driven from without, meaning it was changed that came as a result of a crisis within our organisation. What we're seeing at the moment is internally led change and that's certainly, in my view, a much better way to move forward that we have as an organisation that we can direct the changes that need to happen, both to the benefit of our own members, but certainly ultimately to the community. So that's why I'm very optimistic that our officers will come on that journey and continue on that journey of continual changes that is impacting on all of us in our daily lives, whether it be our professional lives or our personal lives. Talking about those numbers, I only talked about the numbers that were leaving and the changes, backroom to front room. Are there more officers on the beat now or is that something that's still to come? Where are we in that transition? Certainly you can't just simply manufacture 86 new police officers and that will have to happen. But in the restructure we have moved a range of people as we shut down districts and regional officers across the state. Some of those jobs have already moved onto the frontline. So right today there are more police on the frontline as a result of the restructure. A hundred fewer senior positions that's really reduces the chance of senior police to advance their own careers, doesn't it? Thanks, David. No, it's a very good question. The reality of that, though, is that we're still in a growth phase as an organisation. And whilst we've seen 86 commissioned officers leave the organisation, and as I said, the number of positions that will be transitioned actually are just over a hundred commissioned officer positions. Again, technology in terms of oversight, the transition of specific tasks, for instance, one of the areas that no longer exist within the organisation is our regional traffic coordinators. And that's because we've centralised the chain of command for traffic enforcement to our road policing command which started this morning. And obviously we've moved an acting assistant commissioner into the role of managing that particular command. But we don't lose the expertise because we have the ability now to have a central command that provides a contemporary but also consistent policy response to issues right across the state. And that policy then directs our operational work out there on the street every day and targets the sorts of offences and enforcement and proactive strategies that we need to address in terms of road safety for Queensland. I'm sorry, in terms of how things are dealt with in Brisbane, are there much changes? Obviously the further we get out in the regions, it's more broad because you've got different layers, but in Brisbane, are the changes accurate? Look, no, right across the whole state, the public can still ring the police numbers. They can still go to their local police station the way that they did yesterday. There is no difference in the way that we will provide our services to the community. What I am saying clearly though, that over time we will improve those services and over time we will continue to increase numbers out on that front line. Folks, I think we've, hopefully, I think we've exhausted things. I thank very much for coming in. I mean, it is a great day for the Queensland Police Service today and it's a great day for Queensland that we are now firmly on the track to improving our services to the public.