Welcome back to my channel and welcome if you're new here. Thank you so much for clicking on today's video I have a massive grocery haul for you if you didn't know I have been doing a use it up challenge for the last two weeks I have bought very minimal groceries And I've been trying to use up all of the meat in my freezer all the goodies in my refrigerator in my pantry So I really haven't bought very many groceries the last couple of weeks and towards the end of this last week We were on the struggle bus to have enough to even make dinners So I had to restock not overdue but restock and of course I made my monthly costco trip which as we know is expensive and that makes a massive grocery haul in itself But what I'm most excited about is I have so many too many to even count new food finds for you So many and I am stoked for all of them. So I can't wait to share that with you So if you're new make sure you're subscribed and your bell is turned on So you don't miss a single video. We do these grocery hauls every Saturday So you don't want to miss out If you enjoy grocery hauls give this video a big thumbs up It really helps out my channel and of course I very much appreciate it and let's jump in you guys to this massive grocery haul So here is the first part of today's haul This is all of the food with the exception of a case of Coors light Which is in the garage fridge that I picked up at costco Walmart I actually went to walmart. I asked you guys on instagram where I should do my shopping You unanimously said walmart and thank you for that because I have a ton of new food finds for you guys From walmart. It was a huge success. And then of course, I also hit up trader joes for my produce After I show you the food I will show you the non-food items And then let's take a look at my refrigerator freezer pantry and meat freezer to see How bare it is after two weeks of a use it up challenge So the collagen peptides that I use that you guys know are my jam Are currently on sale at costco for eight dollars off making them 21.99 Which is a steal normally they're 30 dollars. So I went ahead and grabbed two containers I do have to go back to costco in about a week and a half for my mother-in-law's Celebration of life. I may grab one more because they last forever and that's a killer killer price If you don't have a costco, I do have these in my amazon store. I'll link it down below for you guys But I went ahead and grabbed two of these. I think I only have about a quarter left of one anyway So perfect timing for these to go on a great sale And then I was completely out of minced onion. So I picked this up this entire thing is about three dollars At costco you can't beat that And then we are renting an air b&b this next weekend So I have groceries for the week as well as for camping slash air b&b So keep that in mind when I show you some of the items that I picked up a lot of it is for next weekend And I went ahead and grabbed two loaves of sourdough bread one for my husband's lunch Which is this one. I thought we would try this seattle sourdough. It is super super soft So this one is actually for his lunches for the week and then this one from trader joe's This is actually just like a sandwich bread is to take with us up to the house So I will be vlogging that entire weekend. We rented a house on the lake. We're so excited So this loaf is for when we head up next weekend This one is for troy's lunches for the week and then his favorite salad at costco, which is funny I told him they only had about a half a dozen which makes me think that these are about to go out of season They are something they only generally have in the summer, but it's his favorite salad So it's tortellini mozzarella I don't care for it. Luckily, but he loves it. So I picked that up for him And then I did grab him some string cheese at trader joe's because we are completely out of string cheese We literally you guys have used up just about everything in our fridge So this is for his lunches and then I ended up picking up a big pack of chicken breast at costco I wasn't going to get chicken because you'll see I got some great deals at walmart But this is not organic, which is normally what I buy, but this was five dollars off making this entire Three pack of chicken breast 15 dollars. So I couldn't pass it up. I'm just going to pop it into the freezer That's just such a killer deal for chicken I went ahead and grabbed craft mozzarella cheese because we need mozzarella cheese for a recipe And I figured the calories are the same as the trader joe's organic one and this one's a little over two dollars So I'm going to try it and see if I like it as much because I love the trader joe's organic one And then I went ahead and restock some yogurts because I'm down To one or two in my fridge and one of you guys commented and said that you thought that the oikos triple zero Had carrageenan. It does not I looked it up at walmart So just heads up on that if you're an oikos eater and you try to avoid carrageenan like myself So this week I grabbed a two good blueberry and then of course my ciggies, which are my very favorite I have a mixed berry and then this one right here is a vanilla. So that gave me three yogurts I really like to have these as a snack because they are packed full of protein New item at trader joe's are these dark chocolate cookie sticks twisted cookie sticks dipped in chocolate Look, they look like the pocky pocky. That's what they reminded me of but I thought 10 of them for 140 calories Isn't bad. They were only a dollar 70 just really really cute So of course points will be on the screen for you guys. So this is a new item at trader joe's and I hit the nut butter mother load So starting with skippy. This is for my husband. He does not like the healthy peanut butter He asked specifically for unhealthy as he called it peanut butter. So the skippy is for him But I found two butters. I am really excited for Again walmart you guys so many new great products. So this is the revival food company Chai time. Um, hello, is that not holiday vibes cinnamon and chai spices? But you guys the calories on this are really really good 140 calories So I thought that wasn't bad for two tablespoons because normal nut butters 190 calories Perfection ingredients like absolute perfection ingredients. So I'm stoked for this I thought this would be great on a bagel or a piece of toast They had other flavors of this brand So if I like it, I will definitely pick up other flavors in the future And then I saw this and it was on Markdown clearance. There was a maple walnut butter and then this oatmeal cookie walnut butter.  I always buy my beans organic So I grabbed those and then my husband requested some Quick easy warm-up meals. I thought I would share these with you guys because you may be able to Work these into your points or maybe these are some of your go-tos So I he wanted ravioli. So I grabbed the chef boy rd beef ravioli And then he also asked for chili.  So he asked for these quick and easy lunch items So I got those for him and then he wanted blue cheese dressing. So I picked up the kens steakhouse Chunky blue cheese. I have to say I was quite disappointed I was going to get the bolt house farms blue cheese because my husband actually likes that as well You guys it has carrageenan in it. I was so bummed out That is one thing I do not eat So I went ahead and just grabbed the kens for him And I just probably won't eat this just because it does have a lot of calories fat and points But blue cheese was his request for dressing. So there we have it I grabbed the big bottle of avocado oil. I am literally completely out There's maybe a quarter cup in my little olive oil container. So Costco run came at a perfect time just for your information. I do go to Costco once a month So it's been a month since I've been and then for up at the house next weekend. I grabbed these olive oil potato chips I've never had these but they have great ingredients literally olive oil potato and salt So I'm going to have these for lunches. We're going to do sandwiches and chips and fruit up at the house So that's for that And then I stocked up on kombucha because walmart actually had the 25th anniversary one the blue one From gts. This one is so good the sacred life And then of course I have a ginger berry and then this is one i've never tried. This is the golden Pineapple so five kombucha's that should be enough basically to get me through the week until I Go shopping again Another new find is this cheetos mac and cheese. I thought this would be great for my husband Not necessarily something I plan on eating but it was new they had a jalapeño one and a flamin hot one So I thought how fun for him to have just a different take on mac and cheese I may actually make this before we head up to the house next weekend And that way he could just warm this up if he's hungry So I grabbed that so if you're a mac and cheese lover, this sounds amazing And then I did grab another unsweetened almond milk I really do like the great value original not the vanilla because it has natural flavors But the original does not so I grabbed that and also for next weekend the corn chip dippers These are our favorite chips both choreo and I love these so that way we have these for the house Now I did grab chocolate chips. I was so excited. I literally in the aisle Did the happy dance so first I picked up the bake believe in the milk chocolate These are kind of a knockoff of lilies just a lot less expensive I am almost out of lilies and it is fall baking time and christmas baking time So I grabbed these to have on hand Speaking of lilies. Do you see the little new in the corner? Okay. Are you ready for this? Are you sitting down? lilies butterscotch Baking chips. Um, yes white chocolate style baking chips 26 chips 55 calories So excited and then I glanced over And saw this little new in the corner. You guys look at this chocolate mint baking chips. Oh My goodness. These were five dollars a bag at walmart, which I thought was not bad I think the bake believe was four so it was a dollar more but uh new flavors of lilies so excited And then I also did great on meat like I said I wasn't going to buy meat at costco just because I did buy all this at walmart until I saw that really good deal So I did get some chicken on mark down So this is the trimmed and ready thin sliced and then I got two packs of the never ever boneless skinless I mean really good deal for these and I'll just pop these in the freezer We are almost out of chicken. We have a lot of red meat left, but we're running low on chicken So this is actually going to come in really really handy And then I also grabbed some ground chicken for a recipe and then another pack of the 99 simply raised ground turkey So I did really good on my meat at walmart for snacks this week I like to always just have a lunch meat on hand and I really like this apple gate naturals turkey So I went ahead and picked this up You guys look another thing. I was so excited. So you know my love for happy eggs, but I have never Been able to find the organic ones until walmart. I'm telling you walmart had its eye out for me today I got the 18 pack of the organic happy eggs for little less than seven dollars Which is a really good deal for organic pastures free range Eggs and happy eggs are the best so I am so excited for this So excited and then we got quite a bit of lunch meat from the deli So he tori wants a pepperoni salami ham kind of like a bmt Subway style sandwich for lunches this week So I grabbed a pound and a half of on the bone ham So that we have some leftover to take up to the house next weekend for sandwiches And then I did get some genoa salami and then I also got some pepperoni So he is set for his sandwiches for the week Here's another new find from walmart, which I was pretty excited about Ozeri family bakery blueberry snacking rounds fruit and grain snack buns So I thought these sounded interesting real fruit nothing artificial They are 60 calories per bun and honestly what these remind me of It's kind of hard to show you guys what they remind me of like mini bagels They had really good ingredients So I thought this would be a great pairing with some eggs and maybe some bacon for breakfast So picked those up excited to try them and then I needed hash browns for a recipe So I grabbed those and then next week up at the house I am planning on breakfast sandwiches. So I picked up some sourdough english muffins Another new find which I saw while I was waiting for the meat in the deli I love the non bread. Oh my gosh. I love non bread.  There's garlic and cheese and then they also had sea salt So these are 130 calories for 12 crackers, which I thought was not bad How good would these be dipped in hummus? That was the first thing that entered my mind And I actually do have a little bit of hope hummus to eat up So I thought this will be perfect for that. So another new food find from walmart for next weekend I grabbed the great value hot dog and hamburger because these are the lowest calorie Lowest point buns in my area and we are doing, you know, the basic camping food hot dogs and hamburgers So I picked those up and then creamer So I want to preface this by saying that I have decided That I like the layered creamer, but I don't love the layered creamer I'm just going to suck up not the best ingredients in my creamer because I kind of get crabby if I don't have good coffee in the morning So I have resigned to the fact that I'm going to just buy regular creamer. So That's that so I picked up two. I'm completely out of creamer I've actually been using the couple of nut pods that I had This is the butterscotch latte and then the pumpkin spice. It's pumpkin time I actually grabbed the peppermint mocha and thought nope pumpkin spice first my friends pumpkin spice first So I grabbed that so these are a couple creamers for me This small one is the one I grabbed to take to the house next weekend Just because it's smaller and easier to fit in a cooler And then oh over here. Oh, here's something else and something new to me. These are the vanilla jojo's So these are just like the sandwich cookies. These are for the house next weekend We always like to have a cookie on hand to take up for some dessert And then before I show you produce we also picked or I also picked up the value pack of the entamines little bites You know Troy loves these in his lunch. So this was only 498 for 10 bags Which is really good because it's over three dollars for six bags or five bags. So Really good deal. So everything else I have is produce So this is a hammy melon and I asked both the gentlemen at Costco who rang me up if they've ever tried this and they both said no So I'm excited. I'm imagining it's going to be cantaloupe honeydew melon vibe Let me know down in the comments if you've tried this but I picked that up at Costco And also at Costco I grabbed raspberries don't these look so good And then I also grabbed some organic blueberries before fruit is ridiculously expensive Some bananas at Trader Joe's for a recipe and then just for snacking I grabbed a head of organic green leaf lettuce I want this for sandwiches for the week and then also for up at the house next weekend And a salad kit. This is just an organic herb salad kit. I'm filling the gen salad I think I'm going to actually have that for lunch today. So I picked up some salad for that I have not bought these in forever and I thought they sounded so good These are just the little hickama sticks and like I said, I do have some hummus to use up So I am going to have this with my lunch today. I'm going to have this with some hummus So I grabbed those at Trader Joe's. So We made it that is all the food from this hall So I'm going to go ahead and get this put away And let me show you the refrigerator freezer pantry before I put all these groceries in there All right, take a look at this after two weeks of the use it up challenge This is all that's left in my freezer. Literally. It is just some ground beef. I used one bag of the shrimp I use half of this package of andouille sausage We are taking these burgers and these turkey burgers up to the lake next weekend And there's some bacon here that we're going to take next weekend as well I do still have quite a bit of red meat because I did get that big box from butcher box But this was jam packed you guys and I've used most of it and this door is looking like a dream So I am going to take these breakfast sausages and all of these sausages with us to the house That's why I didn't buy any But yeah, I am impressed with how much of a dent I made in the meat freezer and the refrigerator. Look at how empty This is so remember this was pretty full last week. It is virtually empty We ate most everything that was in that bin Also, this was sky high I literally have two yogurts left and three clio bars. I ate up everything in there I had to have Troy stop and get these midweek because we were completely out of eggs The only fruit left is a little bit of watermelon. These are the last few peanut butter cups I made in meal prep and we ate all Troy ate all the string cheese But one so he's got he's not a big fan of these little snacking cheeses So that's why I went ahead and picked up string cheese for him And look at this you guys these veggie drawers Are literally pretty cleaned out. So I am so excited and look at this This was so packed we could barely shut it and this is all we have left So I am impressed with that. Like I said, I used up all my coffee creamer So I was working on these last couple nut pods. This is almost gone I used up a tomato paste out of here. So yeah fridge a huge success So freezer number one pretty much looks the same I really honestly didn't eat up any of the extra bread because I had meal prepped I did have a couple protein shakes, but didn't make a big dent in the smoothie items either But down here you guys look at this drawer again This drawer of veggies was so packed. I could barely shut it and look at that We only have a few bags left. I did get an enlightened order So this is pretty much all enlightened bars, which I'll be sharing in my what I eat in a day But yeah, you guys look at that big success on the freezer too and the pantry It's funny when I show you guys this because it literally looks the same It's funny because we did actually use a lot out of here. It's just there's so much in here So pantry you can't really see much of a difference, but I promise We did use quite a bit out of here and we'll continue to do that this week I didn't really buy any snacks if you notice because I'm still on a mission to use up what I have So I bought paper towels and toilet paper because hashtag only cosco once a month Diet Coke for the you know who and then a big case of water Am I the only one that thinks cosco's bottled water is the best because I definitely do And the few non food things that I picked up. So at cosco I got this really cute flannel shirt. It's a red and pink and blue I got an XL because I wanted it to kind of be oversized. I thought how cute would this be with jeans This was 1299. So really really good deal. It is so soft And then I had to buy these because I love exercise wear these are dan skin Camo exercise pants. So I am so excited for those Going to wear these to jazzer size tomorrow. And then I got this a really cute kind of v neck You can see it has the bunchy Kind of that goes around your waist and it's a cute little short sleeve v neck shirt This was $10. So I picked that up too. I love the navy. I figured it could be fall I could wear it right now. It could even be worn in the winter with a cute little cardigan But you can't pass it up for $10. I did also grab our acid reducers I usually will just buy two of these and that lasts us a little bit over a month So until my next cosco trip and then I also picked up some tums You can't beat the price less than nine dollars for two huge containers of tums So this will literally last us a year. So I grabbed that and then I picked up some sleep well gummies These are the hello bello. I got these at walmart. I don't count points for these. They're 15 calories I don't count calories, but sometimes I have a hard time sleeping because my mind is always going So I like to have these to take as a supplement before bed deodorant for my husband to pack of dove fresh and last but not least some allergy relief the generic version of Benadryl for diesel he takes four of these twice a day for his allergies and it seems to be helping So that's it you guys for non-food. Now. Let's take a look at meal plan and meal prep. So here is this week's meal plan This is the week of nine five through nine eleven. So today saturday. We will be going out for dinner We are definitely going to go to dinner because I don't have anything to make pizzas or anything at home So we'll support a local business and go out for dinner tomorrow I'm going to be making sells berry steak meatballs.  I'm making meat and cheese burritos This is a recipe that is going to be featured in an upcoming video So another fun thing to look forward to Tuesday is always leftovers night because I go to the 5 30 p.m. Jazzercise So I'm always starving when I get home at 7 and just eat really quick before bed Wednesday is mac and cheese with chicken and veg Also going to be featured in a recipe video and then thursday and friday will actually be at the air bnb So as I mentioned in the hall, I have hot dogs burgers that type of theme planned for the weekend So let me flip this over and let's take a look at meal prep So for meal prep this week, which you guys will be seeing as always on monday I'm excited for this week's meal prep. I am doing chunky monkey quinoa breakfast bake So you can kind of guess that this is the chocolate peanut buttery banana I'm so excited for this and then for lunches. I'm going to do a feta and sundry tomato turkey meatloaf I have some sundry tomatoes and feta to use up. So this recipe came out a perfect time Which also sounds incredible and then dessert. We're going to making an eggless cookie dough. So basically an edible Cookie dough. So definitely definitely stay tuned for that. I can't wait for this cookie dough is my weakness So this is going to be perfect. So again, you'll see all three of these recipes on monday in meal prep Thank you for joining me in this week's ginormous grocery haul I'm exhausted again three stores a Costco trip a stock up I'm excited for all of the new food finds like seriously. Isn't that crazy all the new stuff at walmart Since the last time I actually went and store and did my shopping So I'm excited for all of that again If you're new make sure that you're subscribed and your bell is turned on so you don't miss any videos I do upload most days of the week and saturday is grocery haul day So don't miss out give us one a big thumbs up if you enjoyed it And of course leave all your comments down below. 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Our next speaker gave one of the most visually horrifying talks I've ever seen. Do you know which one I'm thinking of? Well, I'm glad you're about to share in that legacy. At Codemash, a silly conference at a water park in northern Ohio, the only one and only time I've ever been or will likely go to northern Ohio, Chad gave a talk that was color schemed in the style of McDonald's. And everything was neon yellow and red. And there was just, it was a visual assault. And so I asked Chad if he could bring that. Does my 35 minutes start now? Bad news for you is it started already. So a personal, you don't have to really start it. One, somebody who has given me some indispensable advice over the years provided me with some of the opportunities that changed my career and allowed me to change other people's careers. So I hope you get to soak in some of the knowledge and expertise that he shares with us. So thanks, Chad. Now I'll start it. Thank you. You started my timer for me, too. I would like to formally reject Jeff's clapping thing, because I don't clap for me. But I just wanted to really clap for all the talks today. It was really great. Last year, so I was part of a company that was venture backed last year. And then we were sold to Microsoft. And Sequoia was one of our investors. So I follow various Sequoia partners on Twitter. And last year, I saw this tweet from one of the partners who said microservices is the next big step. Sequoia is a big deal, by the way. They're like investors in Google and Apple, stuff like that. And it was a link to this Wall Street. Oh, I've got to be able to click the slides, don't I? This Wall Street Journal article about microservices being this huge business thing. And I thought, OK, this thing is over now, right? He doesn't know what that means at all. But if you read the infographic, I'm sorry, this is recorded, isn't it? If you read the infographic that he links to, it's just like this isn't microservices. So I thought, OK, that's over. This year in Berlin, though, I'm caching on the next big wave, small methods. So you're like, mark my words. In a couple of years, it's going to be on the Wall Street Journal, small methods. We're going to have small method comp. And this is to say, we should stop saying this word microservices. Do you have heard this word before? Yeah, OK. It's actually not even pronounced like this. It's pronounced microservice. This is that lazy thing where you just take a picture of your own blog post and say, read this. I think we've ruined the concept of microservices by giving it a name and then spreading it around. I work at Microsoft now. I hope those of you who know me are thinking this is the least likely Microsoft employee ever. But Microsoft is a good place. But I worked there because they bought our company. I worked at Wunderlist. I was CTO. And I came into the company and people heard that we did this microservices thing. So I've been talking to people who want to know how they can do microservices, too. And they really don't understand what it means. It's just a word. They've heard it's good. And they're really smart people. So we've already destroyed this concept. As I've walked around the company and talked to these people, these really smart people, like the guy who opened a text editor and started writing Microsoft Word. It wasn't in Word. It was in a text editor. But he was the one that wrote the first .c file or whatever it was at the time. People like that wanting to learn about microservices. I've learned that the real problem that plagues us all and these people especially, at least in this context, is coupling. Because we want to be able to change software. That's really the thing. We want to be able to bring things forward and make them better and better and respond to changing business requirements and whatever. So we really want to reduce coupling and software. That's what we're trying to do. Ruby is the worst language to use for that. So I wanted to mention Ruby because it's a Ruby conference. I've been using Ruby for 16 years now. And when we started using it, there were very few of us. And they would laugh at us. And they would say, this is a toy language. And we would talk about why it turns out it is a toy language. But it's OK because you can use it for creating toy software. And that's fun. Toys are good for playing with. And it's all about trying to have fun. Anyway, Ruby is really bad, though, about coupling. Why are you scowling at me? Ruby, Jeff gave me a list of things I should talk about. And I'm not talking about any of them. Anyway, so you all have a code fetish. All the speakers today have a code fetish. Most of them, anyway. We're always talking about code. I was up there playing the ukulele with Jim Weirich about code.  By the way, apologies for my ukulele solo. I was not on my game that day. But code is actually not a thing that we like to have. As soon as you have code, you have legacy code. It's difficult to maintain. I say that it is a liability to have code. But what you really want to build is a system. That's the asset that we create. When I started my, oh, I forgot. This is the title of my talk, impermanence. I did have a title slide. Impermanence, the ironic key to systems that survive. So why am I talking about this? I have this sort of weird quest that I started in Colorado several years ago, driving around with Corey Haines. I was talking about the word legacy with him. And I was saying, why do we use the word legacy as a bad word? Should be a good word. I was a musician. And as a musician, the idea of leaving a legacy is really appealing. John Coltrane left a legacy, for example, Beethoven, et cetera. So I've been thinking about how do we create systems that can survive longer than five years or whatever the typical amount is. And I've been thinking and talking about this for years. I was then recruited to become CTO at Wonder List in Berlin three and a half, four years ago. And when I came in, we had an architecture that looked something like this. So here's my architecture diagram for the Wonder List II system. We had a circle on the top and a cylinder on the bottom and then some arrows. And how many of you have an architecture like this in your system? How many of you are trying to refactor away from that architecture? How many of you are trying to refactor to that architecture? Really? Really? OK. So we went kind of crazy. And we built this. I'm not going to explain everything here, but this was me with my crazy ideas from my legacy code thing and the stuff I've been talking about for years. I'm probably almost out of time already, aren't I? I had this point of view coming in that I wanted to build something that could survive. And I should remind you or tell you this is a to-do app. It's embarrassing. But it really is. You see these dots here, ellipses, or however you pronounce that? These represent tens of other services. So just imagine each one of these things as a separate service that's really deployed separately, talks via HTTP. We had 100-something independent services to make this thing go. And they were all really tiny. We launched this thing in 2014. And when we told our investor that we were going to do it, it wasn't the guy from Sequoia, it was someone else. You could hear him on the other line. You could almost hear him about the scream and squelching the scream. And finally, he said, please tell me you're never going to tell me you're rewriting this system again, because he'd been through this pain over and over with this company. And I said, we won't do it. I promise this is the last time. If we don't, if you find out that we're rewriting a system, you can publicly shame me. I will leave the industry. You can fire me from this job. That'll be it. So he felt pretty good about that, because I honestly told him, you can just embarrass me publicly. And I'll just leave in shame. I'll be done. Since we released this in 2014, we've rewritten almost every single piece of code here. But this has not changed. And that's the great thing. So the fact that we rewrote the code was very, very good. A little bit of where I was coming from, when I was starting to think about legacy code and how you can create systems that survive, I went through this really kind of superficial tour through how systems that survive work. So for example, you could have a car that's older than most software systems can be alive. And how is it that a car can survive that long in a software system camp? But the most remarkable one to me is I'm now 42 years old. I don't do any maintenance on myself. I don't deserve to be alive. But somehow here I am. So I started thinking a lot about this. And I first got kind of fixated on this idea from biology. And I will tell you the wrong, like the stupid, all I can understand version, because I really don't care about science, to be honest. But homeostasis is the process that an organic system goes through that will balance itself out basically. So you have all these, Marty says I'm right, he knows science. You have all these like competing things going on in your body. And if one was left unchecked and not balanced by another one, it would overrun the system and it would die. And I thought this is really interesting from the perspective of systems because you have like back pressure and all these concepts for keeping systems alive under stress. I thought this was gonna be the key, but I took a little detour and just kind of the most obvious thing. When you talk about biology with people and the human body, you learn early on in life that we're not made up of the same exact cells that we were previously. They're always dying and it's like trillions per second, I think. I mean, on one body. So imagine the death happening in this room right now. It's amazing.  This is about impermanence. We'll all be dead. I'll die sooner than most of you, I'm sure. So why was, what was I doing? Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. Regeneration. So this is how it works.  And that happens by the fact that my body can do that and it's a natural, necessary part of living because the individual cells, you wouldn't wanna try and build a thing like me where the cells just survive forever. That's kind of unrealistic. So I started thinking about this in terms of software and I got really sort of fixated on the concept of everything being tiny, as did Fred George when he came up with the concept of micro-servej. Microservices, for those of you who still don't speak the language. So tiny components, you think about it, if you're looking at code, when you come across a huge long thing like the pseudo code with all of the comments in it from earlier, sometimes it takes some time to figure it out because it's really complicated, but when you come across something really tiny, you understand it immediately, usually, unless it's obfuscated on purpose. So there's something really nice about small things and I got so into it that I did this whole talk, it was at CodeMesh in London a few years ago which is an excellent conference and it was in front of all these people that are way smarter than I am, just saying like tiny, keeping things tiny is the secret to great software, to teams that work well, to projects that work well, et cetera. And there probably is a lot of stuff that's true there and some of the things that stood out there is like think about some of these phrases and see, they don't roll off the tongue very well, like massive elite team, huge efficient code base, long successful project, enormous agile company. These days, if you put a capital A on that, it actually does sort of fit, doesn't it? I also did all sorts of superficial research for this one, like I did with the biology stuff and I found all these references to proof, of course you can prove anything if you just research it, but all these references to proof that humans are better at dealing with small amounts of information and it just makes sense. So this one is the magic number seven, plus or minus two, I think it is. Okay, good, wow. Plus or minus two, it's about the human capacity to retain information and then you start learning about chunking in different ways that humans take small amounts of stuff and when they get too big, they convert it into small amounts of stuff and, of course, they're grain chunks. There's also like Dunbar's number, if you've ever read the tipping point about sizes of teams as a certain size where you can't really actually grasp and maintain connections with people anymore so there's a cohesion thing. All of this stuff though, it leads to, I skipped a slide somehow, this is amazing, okay, it leads to the ability to do some other stuff and this is what I started figuring out after I gave this talk, so I'm kind of embarrassed because I went on the stage and I said, this is it guys, I'm done, I figured it out, but it actually, if you think about it, like tiny components, one of the best things about, say, a tiny method when you look at it or a tiny microservice is it allows you to consider replacing it, like you can change it, you can understand it really quickly, but even if you can't, if it's small enough and it's named well enough and it's decoupled well enough, which microservices tend to be, you can throw it away and just restart if you have to. So, also at Wunderlist, in the attempt to do this like biology kind of thing, we were using Chef, I think, yeah, Chef when I started, so any of you do that sort of stuff, Chef, Puppet, Ops stuff, the idea behind that is that you have a system, you need to keep it in a understood state, a consistent state and it runs for a long time, like I used to be a system administrator in the 90s, I remember having systems that were up for two years and being really proud of that. Now I realize though that's terrifying, like if a system is up for two years, it's very difficult to know actually how to recreate it, what the state might be. So tools like Chef and Puppet, they're obsolete of course, but they're all about maintaining a system that can stay alive for a long time. What we figured out is you should just throw away the systems, that's the best way to do it, don't change the systems because then you get rid of all of the issues of these weird, unchangeable, scary things, throw them away and start over. So we established this immutable infrastructure system, where if you wanted to upgrade anything on a given server, and of course they're not physical servers anymore, they're images or VMs, then you would throw away the entire thing and just rebuild a new one and replace it. The beautiful thing there is that you know exactly what's there, you know you can recreate it, you're doing it all the time, so the thing is changing, which proves its ability to change and it makes you have a system that is able to change. And so this has worked out very well for us. Then we started thinking about it in a little bit of a more radical way. Of course, you know, the several years ago we were doing that, that was already pretty strange. The more radical thing was, how do you change your software? Well, maybe you should just plan to throw it away. And this is where I start talking about the code fetish thing, you know. At Microsoft we have code that's 20 years old and it's reusable, it's shared all over the place and people will both love it and feel tied to it. So, and if you've worked in a big company you probably know this thing where you have these reusable libraries and you're kind of stuck to what they can do and they follow you around.  So we started saying, well let's just plan to throw our software away. So when we write it, there's a little bit less stress. We can also try out new things because there's less stress about trying out the new things. And not only can we throw them away, throw away the pieces of code, but we should because think about it, if you need to be able to change your software that is the thing that we all sort of struggle with. That's the only reason we have conferences and talk about code maintainability. If you never had to change it, who cares? But if you need to be able to change it, if you do it all the time and you plan to do it then it becomes easy, throw stuff away. So, here we go talking about system versus code. Again, the mutability of the system is enhanced by the immutability of its components. And so what I mean here is if I need to be able to change an entire app system or software system, if I declare that you cannot change anything inside a component, you can only replace it. Then it makes the entire thing easier to understand and easier to actually change. So this is sort of a core thing that we figured out together on our to-do app. And as a reminder, the point here is that the system is the thing we care about. So I didn't lie to our investor. We rewrote all these pieces of code. We did not rewrite the system. It still exists. And I forgot to mention the reason we did that. I think it was within a year we rewrote 80% of the code. And there was no project where someone said I'm going to now work on rewriting a piece of code. There was nothing in a backlog. It was just maintenance work. So while I do this feature change, I'm just going to replace the whole thing. Why do I do that? One, because it's healthy to be able to change code so I'm going to prove I can. Two, the more important one, we were able to go from, let's say, 30 servers running a Ruby process to three servers running a Scala process because we had to replace the toy. People were using it. We had to use a real language for it. Sorry, Rubyists. I love Ruby. I'm just joking. So where was I? Yes, speaking of not being on Ruby, in the original version of this picture back here, I shouldn't be jumping back. It's really not worth it, but. The original version of this, pretty much everything was Ruby, except some things that just obviously wouldn't scale and work with Ruby without way too much work.  But now it's like, as I said, there are hundreds of services up here. When Sarah showed a slide with all these different languages on it earlier, we have all of them, actually.  And for production, hopefully you can deploy it very soon to production, but it has to fit with our deployment system, our metric system, a few other things, but just a small rule set. And the reason I wanted to do that is because I actually wanted this radically heterogeneous code base. Because I've been in environments so many times over the years where you're on a specific version of the JVM or of Java or of .NET or of Ruby or Rails or whatever, and you get scared, you get stuck. Or you're on a specific platform. Everyone on the team only knows that platform. Like my team only knew Ruby when I came and chuckled when I talked about doing something other than Ruby. When you're on a specific platform or language and you're stuck there, you can't change the team. And that's bad. So I wanted to just fix this from the beginning and say, there is no such thing. On any given day, someone who would work on our backend might work in five or six different languages just to get their normal job done without trying to. Which means switching from Haskell to Closure to Ruby to Go to JavaScript, et cetera, Rust. The beautiful thing about that though is if the Ruby VM or runtime gets upgraded and we need to roll out a fix, we're not afraid to do that sort of thing because we do that all the time. Everything is already different. If we want to try a new language, trivial, we do it all the time. So you just try it. There's no big deal. If it doesn't work, the things are really tiny, which is the benefit of microservices. So anyone could just read it. Like if you don't know Haskell and you're on call and my Haskell service is messed up, rewrite an elixir and deploy it. That's your fix. Fine. But serious, like we've done this quite a bit. By the way, I just came from Berlin, so I'm asleep in my brain right now, but my mouth is going. And another rule that I had for the team is no shared code. And this is the one really freaks people out because sometimes when I talk about the service-based approach, they say, well, what do you do about shared code? We don't allow shared code. Even if we're in the same language, like one of the benefits of being heterogeneous is it's hard to have shared code because shared code creates coupling. I don't want that. Shared code is also permanent code sort of by definition because if I create a library and distribute it to a bunch of services, now it's like really hard to change. I don't want that.  We didn't do shared code, we did shared services, all running on local host on the box, irrelevant because you all do Docker now or whatever, but then the way the parts of the system worked, we thought really hard about this. We thought like we could do Thrift or whatever the modern thing is that people would do. What is it called? Someone would know. I'm old and I would say Thrift. We just have HTTP and JSON. That's how our services interact.  You can read it on the wire if you can get into the SSL traffic, of course, but you can totally understand, as Dave was talking about, exactly what's happening on these services if you can somehow see them. And since the system is the asset, we thought if you have an obfuscated language that you can't understand for the way all the pieces talk, then you're screwing up the system and you're making it hard to understand. So it was more important to me that the system was easy to understand than efficient. Now the thing is this system actually ended up being way more efficient than anything we built before, even in a monolith, but that's for another talk. So the goal of all this, though, was decoupling. That's what we were focused on.  Mike Feathers spoke at RailsConf about five or six years ago, and this is a paraphrase, but he showed this long Java method and it was a keynote and the first thing he did was bring up a Java method at RailsConf, which was funny. And he asked the audience, who here thinks this is good code? And it looked terrible. It was just like ifs and lots of indentation. It was terrible. And no one thought it was good code. Then he said, what if I told you that this code was created, it was committed once, it's been in production for five years and it works perfectly, it's never been changed. Now is it good code?  Like, you didn't have to change it. And Mike's all into analyzing source code history and trying to figure out a lot of interesting stuff about code metrics versus churn. And it was a really great point that made me think a lot. And for a while I carried this around and repeated it because I think I've always looked for an excuse for code to be bad and for that to be okay. I don't know, but recently I've had an experience that reminded me that he's not quite right. And the experience was last week we had this hellish outage. And the system that was the hardest to change in our big collection of dots was my Haskell service. And the reason is it's the best code we have. It's perfect, it performs better than anything else. It has never had to be changed because Haskell, if you write Haskell and it compiles it works, that's just how it works. I'm only partially joking there. Haskell's an amazing thing. But it's funny because we were so proud of this thing, but the fact that we had never changed it, even though we didn't need to change it, made it a liability. And it bit us and I spent all day last Saturday in my hotel in Berlin fixing a problem that was caused by the fact that this Haskell code had never had to be changed. So even there when your code is great, perfect, things change around it. That's the scary thing. So you really do have to keep changing things. You have to keep deploying servers even though you don't need to. You have to keep rewriting code to make sure that your assumptions were right and the libraries and dependencies were right or maybe that you really could accomplish this in another language. So immutable is the same as disposable in my world. Meaning, if you can't change something, then you have to be able to replace it at least because things do change whether you like it or not. We also sort of gave up on testing. So I thought about changing the title and direction of this talk to heresies. So here would be one of them in the list. Unit tests are a design smell. So unit tests are a design smell. Do not write unit tests, they are a design smell. Instead, what we do, I'll tell you why. I should probably, I'm just going next. Unit tests are a design smell. Like I said, my brain's asleep, but my mouth keeps going. Somehow this thing keeps getting clicked too. Tests optimize for permanence. They create more coupling because there's like necessarily another file you have to change when you wanna change this and that. But the idea is that when you're thinking about tests as validation, and by the way, I don't think that test-driven development is a design smell. I think that's a really good productive way to work. But thinking of tests as validation, it just bakes all these assumptions about your system into a file that you run all the time. So it creates stasis. So what we decided to do was focus more on metrics in real time and production. This is also based on my belief that we cannot avoid errors, but we need to be able to recover from errors very quickly. So mean time to resolution versus mean time between failure for you systems nerds. So we got really into measuring everything in real time at a granular level from a technical perspective. So like performance errors, those sorts of things, but even more importantly, a domain perspective. What are the things that happen in the system that we care about from a business perspective? In my case, it would be like users signing up, tasks created, synchronization's happening, the stuff that proves people are really using and getting something out of the application. And then we put alerting around all that and aberration detection around all that. And that's how we know we've screwed up our code. We do testing, of course, of certain types before we deploy, but after we deploy and we do it in small waves, we can see, whoa, we're screwing things up. We back it off and we can fix it. And that's really the kind of true test of the system of what the users are experiencing and how it impacts the things you actually care about. So I tend to take things too far when it comes to impermanence. I mean, I've already talked about my own demise. So maybe I already went too far there, but I think this also applies to management and organizations. You know, I'm the manager. I'm the general manager of, which I keep wanting to make like dungeon master, but it doesn't work, I'm the general manager of Wunderlist and I've done a couple of org change announcements since I started, reorgs. And whenever you do this, people kind of go like, ugh, you're doing it again. Why can't you figure out an organizational structure that will work? I believe there actually isn't one and there never will be one ever. And the fact that organizations change means they're healthy, just like a body. So organizations should also be impermanent and all of these things apply. I mean, you think about the teams that have existed for a long time, they're never the best teams.  So I have baked into my management strategy that when things get too comfortable and it looks like they're gonna get stuck in a certain structure, I should change it.   And a lot of people take issue with the way they run the thing, whatever. I don't care because I look at it and I think qualitatively it's obviously true what the results they're getting. It doesn't matter if it's like scientifically correct. Here's what it looks like. Successful and failed are probably pretty clear in terms of the percentage of projects they surveyed. Challenged means significantly over time or over budget. To me that's also failure. I don't feel like that's even close to success.  But if you dig in a little deeper they have some other breakdowns and there it starts to get interesting. Small projects, most of them succeed. And very few of them literally fail. That's pretty interesting. Why don't we learn from that? Small versus, and then look at large, geez, wow. Like just look at this, never make the mistake again. There it is, don't do it, right? Small projects are impermanent projects. Small project teams are impermanent teams. They will build, they will create a thing, they will disband and they will reform in some other image somewhere else. So this heterogeneous thing just kind of looping back on how stuff has happened at Wunderlist. People sometimes ask me, like once you let people do any kind of language they want, are there favorite ones they sort of stick to and the answer is yes. Most people don't like changing languages six times a day. I don't know why. But in our team, it's like there are go people and then there are like Scala and Clojure people. And some of it is can you tolerate the JVM?  And so there have been some things coming up from the team where they're like, maybe we should just standardize on like, let's have it be Scala, Clojure, and Go and eventually work out all the other stuff. If I were a manager experimenting with my team, I would think that's pretty cool because one of the things I wanted to avoid, I didn't want to be that manager that tells the team, you know, these are your standards, you will do this because then they're going to be complaining, like I don't get to use Elixir at work and you've all been there probably if you're a software developer where you're just bummed because you can't do the thing you want to do because it's not the standard for the company. So I wanted to get rid of that. I wanted people to feel empowered and actually be empowered.  I've been thinking pretty hard about it because what I think will happen is they will make the decision and it'll still result in the same mess where they get stuck, like you're on the JVM, you can't upgrade or whatever. You get to where you're not used to change and you get to where you're just a scholar shop and you can't deal with C-Sharp because whoa, we work at Microsoft all of a sudden. Ah. So a few closing points, did I do it on time? I did. Microservices, just to be very clear, in case any of you were thinking about moving to microservices, and I said that phrase moving to microservices, it is not a thing you can move to. It's not an architecture. It's just the concept of tiny stuff, but think more about why you would do it. People don't do that. You do it so that you can change things. You can do it so that you can reduce coupling. Maybe you do it for fun and then it doesn't matter. Small is not actually the goal here. Healthy longevity is the goal. And fun, of course. And at least in the cursory glance that I've given the landscape, systems that survive are made of components that can change. As Martin Fowler likes to say, if it hurts, do it more often. This is a mantra I took from my extreme programming days and apply to everything. If you need to be able to change stuff, change it all the time. Then it won't hurt that bad because you'll figure out systems for dealing with change. And finally, impermanence leads to decoupling longevity and agility. Now I might answer questions and then you might clap once awkwardly. Awesome way to be. In your face. Oh yeah. All of you will be replaced like microservices. Microserviche. Microserviche. I think we could do two questions. It's a quick one in the back right corner there. Back right. Hi. I worked in a place once when the managers said that you can use a new language only if you can convince another team member to use it as well. So this way, you know, one leaves, at least you have support from another team member. But I wanted to ask if you have so many languages in the team and everybody's like doing all those languages, isn't it like the sentence about massive none, whatever, you know, know everything but really don't know anything well. Yeah. Yeah, jack of all trades massive none. Yeah, I mean that describes me pretty perfectly. So you're right though. You're right that you might not have, you might not all be experts deeply in one of the things that you have in production. And we were worried about that a bit. What's happened usually is there's one passionate advocate that is that person or two or whatever, which sort of mitigates it. The other thing that mitigates it is that you can just replace it if it ends up being a problem. So, you know, we have two people that are really good at Haskell and one of them is the general manager and doesn't code anymore. So that's a bit risky, but we can throw it away. In the last one. Throw the general manager away. Yeah, I mean, we're working on that. Yeah.  That's what it's telling me. And the last thing is that you kind of get used to patterns of how things work. So, you know, whether it be at the language level or even deeper, when you expose yourself to a world of having to change all the time, change technologies, at least in my experience, I've found that my pattern matching skill applies at a different level of abstraction that it did in the past. And that doesn't end up being an issue too much. And also, just use Linux and learn how to use S-trace and everything will be okay. I really want to know what Dave wants to ask. I'm sorry. So I'm 100% on board with everything you've said always have been. Obviously. Good. I learned it all from you. And I make a habit of impermanence in many different ways. And what I've discovered over the years is that many people I work with do not share my passion for throwing things away and starting again or doing something new. And there have been many instances of, should we say, stress that are introduced by all those changes. So, although what you're saying here makes a whole bunch of technical sense, to what extent do you see it also causing social pressures or stresses or, you know, nervousness on many people? Yeah, it definitely doesn't. And it doesn't, I have the advantage of being the visionary CTO who was brought in from the United States to Germany to change everything. And I created this articulated grand vision of craziness that included all this stuff that they all got. At least they heard it over and over. So it was kind of baked into the expectations of the new system we created, which I honestly think helps a lot because they know this is just how we do things. But then there is an emotional aspect to having your code replaced. Like I've had my code replaced in this system and felt yucky about it, you know, even though it is part of the way it works. And so we have had to sort of celebrate those things audibly, even when it's our own code, to get people used to it and to get people understanding it's part of our culture and that it's a healthy thing and that we need to, you know, give up our attachments. This is a talk about Buddhism, by the way, attachment is the root of all suffering and all that sort of thing. So we talk about it like that, but I think if you just waltzed into some other company and started doing it without a method behind it, you would probably not make friends. Can we give Chad a micro or perhaps tiny clap? Three, two, one. Thank you.


Welcome back! I just uploaded a personal animation test that I did just recently actually just finished this weekend and it's been I think seven to eight years since I've done this and it's been a ton of fun and the reason why I'm recording this now is because everything that I've been animating now and I'm going to continue now I'm going to use that for lectures and materials for the courses for the master classes and I have a ton to talk about I want to go through the reference that I used how I did not use the reference and did something else the general setup of the scene the things that I've done to cheat because it's not all what it looks like there's all kinds of messiness in the scene and happy accidents all kind of stuff that I don't want to use and talk about for all kinds of things it's going to be absolutely fantastic I hope so I'm really excited to do this again the reason I'm posting is because I want to get questions I know what I'm going to talk about but that doesn't mean that it's something that everybody wants to know and you might have questions that I didn't think about so this is the clip for that comment let me know what you want to know about the shots I'm going to do separate posts and separate lectures and courses for each shot there's going to be a bundle for everything together there's going to be a massive thing I can't wait to do it but post in the comments whatever questions you have about the animation the rigs the workflow the sequence the reference the tools that I've been using the tricks and the cheats and whatever you can think of post it in the comments I'm going to write it all down I'm going to use that all to hopefully make the course and everything else even better I hope so these are lofty expectations and aspirations but anyway comment let me know thanks for watching this is going to be awesome I don't know what else to say it's going to be short and sweet but this is the video to post all the questions that we have about the shot and I'm going to be posting all my new person animation clips on the channel and the same thing when I just post the shot and then a separate post where you can focus all the questions and the comments whatever about that shot or the sequence there and that is that thank you


Do you have your lineup yet? I do. Would you give it to us? No. I'll give it to you tomorrow morning. But I do know what it is. And I've talked to a couple of people that, obviously, someone significant will be out of line up. But yeah, so we'll release that tomorrow morning. All right, so you did announce that you would have Donaldson leading off. Am I correct? Yes. All right, so what's your thought process behind that? Why does he intrigue you as a leadoff man? Well, first of all, he can really match. But a guy that is, he kind of defines that aggressive nature you like can hurt you, obviously, in a hurry, but also controls and strikes him incredibly well. So I think it is best he's going to be a guy that gets on a ton for us, has the ability to do a lot of damage and being in the leadoff spot. That spot's going to come around every so often. So with what we're able to do in the middle of the order, I really like Josh up there. Were you prepared for today being rained out, or does it mess with anything that you didn't start the day you thought you were going to? I think because it started to become a potential reality a couple of days ago, it doesn't mess with much other than pushing Garrett back a day, which doesn't affect much. The only thing we might have done is potentially had Nestor Cortez in the bullpen that we played today, knowing that with the off day, we could slot him in back at the back end of the rotation ahead of Cole. But with 16 pitchers, that's not such a big deal. More of it now is just, hey, we got 10 in a row right out of the gates. Now, obviously, even before this rain out, Aaron, you talked about a very compressed schedule on April and not many off days. Well, now there's one fewer.  Yeah, a little bit. I don't think the off day necessarily, the rain out today necessarily affects that because that off day was going to be tomorrow anyway. So it's a compressed schedule from really starting tomorrow now, but in that case, would have been Saturday. Yeah, no question. With the 16 pitchers and still building those guys up, I don't worry about that schedule as much from their standpoint because I feel like we're protected there. But from a position player standpoint, even though these guys were able to play a lot in spring training, which I think is a really good thing and that they were able to have a lot of it back and get their volume up, I do get concerned a little bit when we start going six, seven, eight days in a row, and they haven't been there yet. So hopefully that's where our roster protects that a little bit, having that, as I keep calling it, that one extra really starter impact player sitting on the bench each day and being able to rotate that a little bit. Hopefully that'll serve us well in the month of April as we continue to build these guys up. The way to beat the Red Sox any different this year than the last time you played them in the wild card? Well, I mean, we have some different approaches. We have a few different players, obviously, a little bit of a different lineup, some different coaches with some different things that have been implemented, that all things that hopefully can contribute to us being a little bit better, not only against the Red Sox, but really against every team. Now, you said that you've made your decision on the lineup. So somebody that expects to start is not starting. Have you had that conversation and is that a difficult conversation to have?  So is that a conversation that's difficult for you to have? Yeah, let me start with on opening day. Opening day is a big deal. It's a really big deal to me. I think it's a day to be celebrated. I've been blessed to be going to opening day, watching my dad, to then being a player, to now being a manager in a lot of opening days. And it's a really special day.   When I told DJ at a time, like, you're probably not gonna play opening day but you'll probably play every day, if that makes any sense. He ended up getting 655 played appearances and finished fourth in the MVP. So I'm like, this is gonna work it itself out, guys.   So I know it's something that's gonna play itself out over time and not be a big deal and be something that hopefully serves them and us well but I certainly acknowledge the awkwardness and the disappointment of it being on opening day and it's not lost on me. It's not a small thing. It's something I deliberated on for really, you know, a couple of days and, you know, came to my decision and I think everyone's on board with that. Even, you know, the guy that's not gonna be in there tomorrow. You know, we had this out and we're all together on it and we move forward. I'm just curious, that conversation that you had with that said player, right? Did he try to politic you? Did he go, oh, come on. You said I got it. You get it. You know, we had this conversation essentially, like I said, 10 days ago, we had them all there and it could have been some or any of them. And so I think in a way, probably prepared for that conversation. I'm sure there's certainly some disappointment but we understand that the mission that we're on and what our goal is of being a championship team and this will not derail that group or us and we're all in this thing together and I think we all understand that or on that same page. Aaron, how do you go about finding that line of being sort of a friend to the players and being a boss?  And so clearly, thank you. So clearly you are at an age though where you're still, you know, one of the reasons that you're an effective manager is that you're able to relate to the players but just how do you go about drawing that line of when it goes from being fun, friendly time to being like I'm the decision maker? It just does, you just do. And I think it's something that, you know, you learn and happens over time that, and I think most of our guys, most professionals understand that there's difficult decisions that have to be made, you know, throughout the course of the year that you certainly understand that everyone's not gonna like and but sometimes you have to make a tough call. It doesn't make it the right decision all the time but something that, you know, frankly, I'm certainly always empathetic when there's a tough decision to be made but I'm also very okay with it. And I think if you treat people consistently and honestly and openly over time, that works itself out as well.


Chemicals and chemical processes form a major part of our lives. From the cars we drive to the foods we eat to the ways in which we relax, we depend on a vast array of chemicals to make life easier, safer and more convenient. Chances are your work brings you in contact with chemicals and chemical processes. Even the simple act of putting gasoline in your vehicle means transferring a highly flammable liquid from one container to another. And while the final product provides enormous benefits, chemicals may be dangerous or even deadly. Corrosives, for example, are often used in the manufacture of life-saving pharmaceuticals. These same chemicals, however, can cause serious skin damage, blindness and even death. As dangerous as some of these chemicals are, you can handle them safely by knowing what you're working with, how to handle it and what to do in an emergency. This program shows how to identify certain chemical hazards, handle chemicals safely and how you should handle emergencies involving these chemicals. You can identify a chemical's potential hazards in several different ways, including the type of hazards it presents, its physical state and health effects. Chemicals can present four basic types of hazards in the workplace. They can be fire hazards, igniting and burning easily. They can be toxic or poisonous if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. They can burn skin on contact and they can react dangerously when they come in contact with other materials. Hazardous chemicals can be solids, such as sodium metal, liquids like gasoline or gases like chlorine. The effect a chemical has on your body can be either acute or chronic, depending on the type, frequency and length of your exposure. Acute effects usually occur rapidly as the result of short-term exposure and typically do not last a long time. Chronic effects develop over time, sometimes showing up many years after the exposure. They are usually the result of repeated or long-term exposure. Benzene, for example, occurs naturally in crude oil and natural gas. It is commonly used as a solvent or raw material in the manufacture of a number of products. The short-term or acute effects of benzene exposure include severe skin irritation, a painful burning sensation and a condition known as chemical pneumonia. In this condition, benzene is absorbed rapidly through the skin, causing your lungs to swell. Exposure to low concentrations of benzene over a long period of time can produce chronic effects including blood disease, chromosome damage and low birth weight in babies. When handling chemicals, knowledge is your most powerful tool. Begin by recognizing the specific hazard or hazards the chemical may present. The Material Safety Data Sheet, or MSDS, is one of your best sources for information on the chemicals you use. It contains a summary of a chemical's hazards, as well as proper handling, use and storage methods. The MSDS also lists important information for protecting you, such as permissible exposure limits, the right personal protective equipment, firefighting techniques and emergency procedures. The first step in identifying a chemical is to read the label. Each chemical that arrives in your facility must have accurate labels containing specific information. Read the label to discover a chemical's hazardous ingredients, the principle hazard it poses, and the name and address of the manufacturer, who can provide further information. In addition, the label provides the Chemical Abstract Service, or CAS, number. Use this number when looking up information about the chemical on a computer, or when there is a question about the identity of the chemical. It may also be necessary when reordering the chemical. In addition to identifying labels, each chemical container must have a hazard label. There are two major labeling systems in use for identifying a chemical's hazards, one developed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, or DOT, and one by the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA. The DOT system uses diamond-shaped color labels and placards that describe the nature of the chemical hazard. Examples of DOT labels include both flammable and non-flammable gases, flammable liquids and solids, poisons and infectious substances, as well as radioactive materials and miscellaneous hazardous materials. The NFPA label is also diamond-shaped, but is divided into four different colored sections. The red section represents the material's level of flammability. The blue section represents the chemical's health hazards. The yellow section represents the chemical's instability. And the white section indicates special hazards that cause the chemical to become dangerous in a fire, such as reactivity with water, or oxidizers that cause fires to burn violently. For each of the primary colors, a number system on a scale of 0 through 4 is used to describe the intensity of the hazard. For example, when you see a 0 in the red flammability section, it means the chemical is non-flammable. However, the number 4 in the same section means the chemical is highly flammable. Chemical manufacturers or suppliers may have their own customized hazard identification, so you need to become familiar with the system in your workplace. Also, keep in mind that while some chemicals present multiple hazards, the label may only indicate the most prevalent hazard, so stay informed and take time to learn all hazards of the chemicals you use. You can reduce the risks of hazardous chemicals by using proper handling and storage techniques. While specific requirements vary from one chemical to another, here are some general guidelines that apply to most hazardous materials. Before you use any chemical, make sure you know what it is. Do not use any chemical from an unidentified container. When transferring chemicals, use the proper container for each material. Remember that the container you are transferring the material to must also be properly labeled. Make sure the container is leak-proof and sturdy. Stack containers carefully so they won't fall. Be sure they're not stacked too high, blocking aisles or obstructing emergency exits. Treat cylinders containing compressed gases as potential explosives. Don't expose cylinders to high temperatures. Excessive temperatures can trigger rupture prevention devices or cause explosions. When a cylinder is empty, promptly remove the regulator and replace it with a protective cap and mark the cylinder as empty. When moving or storing cylinders, secure them with straps or chains or place them in an appropriate stand to prevent them from falling. Never use a cylinder that cannot be identified. Flammable materials also require special precautions. Here are some rules for handling flammables. Carry glass bottles containing flammable liquids in a rubber cradle to reduce the risk of breakage. Keep ignition sources away from the material. Use static bonding and grounding procedures when transferring flammables. Keep flammables away from hot work or sparks. And observe no smoking regulations in areas where flammables are used or stored. Oxidizers and flammables are a dangerous combination. Store them well away from each other to prevent violent reactions in case of fire. Use NFPA-approved fireproof cabinets to store flammable materials away from the work area. Many accidents occur when chemicals are being moved to and from storage areas, so use common sense and the methods your facility has outlined when moving hazardous chemicals. When working with any hazardous chemical, keep the area well ventilated to prevent harmful vapors or dust from accumulating in the air. Hazardous chemicals have four ways of entering your body. They can be absorbed through your skin, inhaled as dust, fumes or vapors, ingested or swallowed, or introduced on contaminated objects that puncture your skin. To reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals, you must wear personal protective equipment or PPE that is designed and tested for the chemicals you're using. Some rubber gloves, for example, can fall apart when exposed to certain corrosives. Some chemicals require aprons or full body coverings to protect you from splashes or contamination. You may need an air purification device in areas where normal ventilation will not protect you from harmful vapors. These devices can range from simple air filters to respirators or even a self-contained breathing apparatus. In all cases, protect your eyes with safety glasses, safety goggles or a face shield. Protect your hands with appropriate gloves. Neoprene gloves can protect you from most corrosives or solvents, but don't guess. Your life and health are at stake. Examine your gloves for signs of wear or failure every time you put them on. Gloves can fail due to permeation or a chemical seeping through glove material or penetration when a glove is torn or punctured. Look carefully at the tips of the fingers and between fingers for cracks, pinholes or excessive wear. If there are any signs of damage, replace them. Make sure your gloves fit properly. Gloves that are too small can constrict the movement of your hands, while gloves that are too large can get caught in machinery, causing major injuries. Before removing your gloves, take the time to rinse them with clean water to remove chemical residue. This will prevent your hands from coming in direct contact with chemicals. Your ordinary safety shoes may not protect you against all chemicals. Corrosives, for example. Wear rubber boots, rubber overshoes or synthetic rubber and acid resistant work shoes to be safe. Check the MSDS to ensure you are using the correct combination of personal protective equipment for your situation. Your employer will provide the appropriate PPE, but it's up to you to use it properly. No one plans accidents, but you can make plans to handle them. Your Facilities Emergency Action Plan contains specific information for handling hazardous material emergencies, including contact information, evacuation and rescue procedures, and reporting guidelines. Learn the plan before you have to use it. Your knowledge could save lives and property if you apply it quickly and properly. In the case of spills or leaks, the HAZWAPER Standard along with Title III of the Superfund Amendment Reauthorization Act, or CERA, may apply. HAZWAPER, or Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response, establishes strict training level guidelines when a dangerous spill or leak threatens your workplace. In addition, CERA Title III states that any hazardous spill that releases more than the threshold limit of a contaminant into the environment must be reported immediately to local authorities or through approved notification methods. HAZWAPER also prohibits workers from participating in hazardous waste operations and emergency response activities unless they have received proper training according to worker protection standards. In other words, if there is an emergency, do what you're trained to do and stay out of everyone else's way. If you don't, you could make things worse and become a casualty yourself. If a fire occurs that is small enough to fight with a portable fire extinguisher, make sure you use the right extinguisher for the type of fire you're fighting and that you know how to use it properly. Remember the PASS system. Pull the pin, aim the nozzle, squeeze the handle, and sweep from side to side at the base of the flames. If the fire becomes too large or you start to run out of extinguishing agent, evacuate the area immediately. Finally, when you're working with or near hazardous chemicals, always make sure you know the location of eye wash stations, safety showers, and the number for the Poison Control Center. If your eyes are splashed by chemicals, get to the eye wash fountain immediately. Hold your eyes open in the water and flush them continuously for 15 minutes. For larger splashes, get to the safety shower without delay. Step into the running water and remove contaminated clothing while in the shower. You have the power to make hazardous chemicals useful in many ways. You also have the power to use them safely by following some basic guidelines. Know what you're working with. Read the label and MSDS and make sure you understand the hazards and the ways to avoid them. Know how to move, transfer, and store the material safely. Use the right PPE and use it the right way. Know your role in case of emergency. Know when and how to fight fires involving hazardous chemicals. Just as important, know when not to fight them and get help instead. Finally, learn the locations of safety equipment such as fire extinguishers, eye wash stations, and safety showers. Knowledge. Your knowledge is the key to keeping hazardous materials under control. You can make the difference and keep your workplace safe for you, your coworkers, and your community.


Hello, welcome all. Welcome to video lecture on properties of Z-transform. Myself Mr. S. N. Chamath Goudar from Walchand Institute of Technology, Sulapur. At the end of this session students will be able to explain the properties of Z-transform. The various properties of the Z-transform are as listed below. Linearity, time shifting, scaling in the Z-domain, time reversal, the convolution property and differentiation in the Z-domain. Now, let us discuss the convolution property. The convolution property states that if x 1 of n is a discrete time signal, then Z-transform of x 1 of n is equal to x 1 of z with R O C is equal to R 1. Similarly, if x 2 of n is a discrete time signal, then Z-transform of x 2 of n is equal to x 2 of z with R O C is equal to R 2. Then x 1 of n convolved x 2 of n be a discrete time signal, then Z-transform of x 1 of n convolved x 2 of n is equal to x 1 of z into x 2 of z with R O C is equal to R 1 intersecting R 2. So, let us prove this one. We know that x of z is equal to summation n equal to minus infinity to infinity x of n z to the power minus n, where x of n is equal to x 1 of n convolved x 2 of n. Now, we all know that the definition of convolution between two signals x 1 of n and x 2 of n. Now pause the video for some time and recall the definition of convolution between two signals x 1 of n and x 2 of n. I hope you have recalled the convolution definition here. x 1 of n convolved x 2 of n is defined as summation k is equal to minus infinity to infinity x of k x 1 of k into x 2 of n minus k. So, this is the definition of convolution here. So, we substitute x of n is equal to summation k equal to minus infinity to infinity x 1 of k into x 2 of n minus k in the above expression x of z here. So, this will be written as summation n equal to minus infinity to infinity summation k is equal to minus infinity to infinity x of k x 1 of k x 1 of k into x 2 of n minus k into z to the power minus n. So, let me put this summation inside the bracket here. Now by ordering the summation here, we can write this one as k is equal to minus infinity to infinity x 1 of k into summation n equal to minus infinity to infinity x 2 of n minus k into z to the power minus n. Now, let us put n minus k is equal to l here. So, n is equal to l plus k and minus n is equal to minus n is equal to minus l minus k. Similarly, n is equal to minus infinity minus n is equal to plus infinity n is equal to minus infinity n minus k is equal to minus infinity minus k and n minus k is replaced by L. So, L is equal to minus infinity, subtracting k from minus infinity will not affect the infinite value. So, it will remain same that is minus infinity. Now, n is equal to plus infinity, n minus k is equal to plus infinity minus k. Now, replace n minus k by L. So, L is equal to plus infinity, subtracting k from plus infinity will not affect the plus infinite value. So, L is equal to plus infinity. Now, we substitute these L is equal to plus infinity, L is equal to minus infinity, minus n is equal to minus L minus k and n minus k is equal to L in the above expression. So, this will be written as summation k is equal to minus infinity to infinity, x 1 of k summation L is equal to minus infinity to infinity, x 2 of L z to the power minus L minus k. So, this will be written as summation k is equal to minus infinity to infinity, x 1 of k summation L is equal to minus infinity to infinity, x 2 of L z to the power minus L into z to the power minus k. So, this will be written as summation k is equal to minus infinity to infinity, x 1 of k z to the power minus k into summation L is equal to minus infinity to infinity, x 2 of L z to the power minus L. We know that summation k is equal to minus infinity to infinity, x 1 of k into z to the power minus k is equal to x 1 of z and summation L equal to minus infinity to infinity, x 2 of L into z to the power minus L is equal to x 2 of z, hence proved. Next, we discuss the property scaling in z domain, this property states that if x of n is a discrete time signal and z transform of x of n is equal to x of z with R O C equal to R, then z naught to the power n x of n be a discrete time signal, then z transform of z naught to the power n x of n is equal to x of z divided by z naught with R O C equal to mod z naught into R. Let us prove this one, we know that x of z is equal to summation n equal to minus infinity to infinity x of n z to the power minus n, where x of n is equal to z naught to the power n into x of n. By substituting x of n is equal to z naught to the power n x of n in the above expression, x of z will be written as summation n equal to minus infinity to infinity z naught to the power n into x of n into z to the power minus n n. So, this will be written as summation n equal to minus infinity to infinity x of n z naught to the power n into z to the power minus n. This will be written as summation n equal to minus infinity to infinity x of n into z naught into z inverse to the power n. This will be written as summation n equal to minus infinity to infinity x of n z naught inverse into z to the power minus n. So, summation n equal to minus infinity to infinity x of n into z naught inverse into z to the power minus n is nothing but x of z naught inverse into z, which is also written as x of z divided by z naught hence proved. These are the references. Thank you.


Human rights. What are human rights? Well, human rights are the values which keep society fair just and equal. They protect children, the elderly, people in care, victims of domestic violence, people with mental health problems, religious groups, teachers, soldiers, and yes, prisons. They protect all of us. They protect you. Our human rights are protected by law. That means we can do something if our rights are attacked. But not everyone loves human rights. Some want to water them down, even scrap them. Our rights are under threat, so it's time to get educated. Societies used to be controlled by all powerful rulers who could be horribly unjust. Kings only gave rights to people they liked. Over thousands of years, people fought for equality, and with every hard-won right came new laws that improved how we lived. But in the 20th century, brutal dictators came to power. They ruled by fear, like the kings of the past. Those hard-won rights, they were dismantled on an unimaginable scale. After World War II, the democracies got together and said, never again.  The European Convention puts rights, not rulers, at the heart of our society. Like the right to life, to liberty, to free speech. Then, in 1998, Parliament passed the Human Rights Act, which made our human rights part of UK law. This means public bodies like hospitals and schools must respect our rights, and if they don't, we can go to our local court to enforce them. Now, because of human rights, patients in hospitals must be treated with compassion. Journalists cannot be forced to reveal their sources. Soldiers must be given proper equipment. Gay people have to be treated equally and the police cannot keep our DNA forever if we're innocent. We have to be treated fairly, at work, at home, in school, anywhere, everywhere. Our human rights are hard-won. They're part of our British heritage. We are proud of them. If we lose them, vulnerable people will pay the biggest price. Know your rights. Celebrate them. Protect them. Share this video if you think human rights matter. Go on. Share it.


FAM83A is a protein that has been found to be involved in the development of pancreatic cancer. It interacts with ketinin, a protein involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation, and inhibits its activity. This leads to increased expression of WNT target genes, which are responsible for tumoregesis and metastasis. In addition, FAM83A can be used as a potential therapeutic target for treating pancreatic cancer. This article was authored by Tzifan Zhu, Xiaoting Zhu, Nanxi Liu, and others.