Sol has made Christmas Eve brianie we are gonna go to the orange tree pub after this but we're just gonna sit down and have a little brianie before Thanks Sol! Peace out! My new nails! My new nails! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Wow! They say again that dad eats food in all the videos Dad ate it in the evening Dad, listen to the sound of the food No dad, it's so hard I can't see inside but I can tell that the park is very busy I've got my Christmas hat on and all my dad is coming We're here for our Christmas drinks and it's in campus It's so busy to sit on my dad's lap because it's so busy Will you show my outfit? So this is my makeup for Christmas Day My lashes have been slayed by Yagma her Instagram is at rainbeauty I write to across the screen I get my lashes done at Beauty Rehab but I love them! Guys, I'm so annoyed my memory card went out of space and I came to delete some stuff, old stuff and then I accidentally started deleting stuff from my next video Alright, it doesn't matter Anyway, also let me show you my hair I've basically curled it and brushed it out So it looks like this I literally just did it with a straightener and I curled backwards so like, face in a way That's how I do it I can't help but keep doing this because I've got these nail extensions Obsession Red is such a winter Christmasy colour Anyway, I'm going to go downstairs show you guys how the food's going So I know it was in charge of decorations and the tree and dessert I was in charge of nothing She was in charge of dessert I didn't want to be in charge of dessert because all you do is go and buy it from Emine so it's like, I feel like there's no effort put in I'd rather do nothing than do something a bit meh So next year I'll come up with a different responsibility for me to have for this year I'm just a guest at this Christmas party So, this is our Oh, thanks mum This is our Christmas tree Someone's clearly got a huge present We've got the fireplace on We've got all of our little stockings It's so adorable I absolutely love the decor Signers does it every year and this is the outfit I've changed into for Christmas Day Mum, will you show my outfit? So my top is from the fashion Bible and underneath it I'm wearing a Victoria's Secret bra My skirt is from Zara from the summer and we're shoes are Christiane Vuitton So, yeah, that's what I'm wearing and let me show you guys the table Wow, the turkey's already made it but this is our table setting and my dad has pulled out his favourite bottle of cognac so we're going to be going mad with that There's all these little elves cooking in the kitchen roast beef, cauliflower cheese stuffing, pink and blankets Brussels sprouts So my dad has changed into another pink top cheddar Because I served the food You didn't serve food, be honest No, be honest, what did you do? Be honest, I asked so much Be honest, what did you do?   I like to have it Find the puzzle I've got a hint Notepads My dad got a little travel tag thing Junior, it's only the English who have crackers Americans and stuff don't have What? I said they don't even know Tell me American fans and fans across the world Is it true that you guys don't have Christmas crackers because we just opened ours What you do is you hold one end and you pull up So my one says what do Santa's little helpers learn about in school the alphabet That's quite good Yeah, that's quite funny Why did Santa's help her see the doctor?   What was that P.M.C. that was?  No show us show us Dad's in broad It's just so nice I was thinking that I'm happy to do it Yes daddy Come and meet your mom Inja He's such a little kid he's so excited the big one I think he doesn't even know that guys because it's a secret Santa Who do we start with? Just to hand out their gifts How does that sound? Yes, that's lovely I think do one younger, one older one younger, one older Okay then Yes, so one youngest, one else I'm like upset because they're from anyone wondering who wants to buy she got them from Netaporter everyone else opened up their gifts just bag wrapping I literally had to wipe off my base make up and redo it like as in do my foundation contour runs a blush it takes me about like 8 minutes to do my base which is fine I didn't wipe off my eyes or anything and I kind of redrew my eyebrows a little bit but yeah because my skin is so oily that if I didn't then my face make up would be separated so now we're playing card games We're playing Ring of Fire To you my queen so many roles but when you drink you have to say to you my queen and I'll have a mild wine I've had too much mild wine and they've just whacked this out of the fridge I really don't think this is a good idea I'm going to mix it out about a lot of mild wine


So I noticed on a different topic. I noticed that you've been doing these videos on Carl Jung I'm just channeling the Jungian drum beats archetypes. Okay, please know because up until now I understood everything you said and I like that so What motivated you is this part of this kind of BS detector it is BS detector I wouldn't have cared about him were it not for the fact now people say oh You're doing this because despite the fact that you pretend your friends with Jordan Peterson You really hate him now because he's successful Right, but and the reason which I stated in my first It was that I receive a lot of emails and requests to weigh in on Carl Jung Because he has been reinvigorated into the conversation by Jordan, right? And therefore what I was doing there is after receiving the 13th trillion message asking me Hey, Dr. Sad, can you give us a sense of what you think of the astrologer of the human mind and grand bullshit or Carl Jung? This is these are my words and so so now I sort of gave a bit of a thing with with this Trilogy of young in that clips that I did but now people are upset. Why aren't you spending more time? Actually delving into dismantling each of his positions and my general point was For the same reasons that I'm not going to come up with a series as to why Creationism is bullshit and it's not because I'm running away from it Look has he said anything that makes sense?  Yeah, yeah, and and So what do you think Jordan is doing? I mean is he is he finding the better stuff there or is he bought into some of the BBS I I think it's it's a bit of both. I think that the I think that Jordan's message Look when when I sit down with Jordan on on my shows or in other times when we met and so on and we're doing sort of Just hardcore science stuff It's fantastic But his greater message where you know, he's he's also a self-help guru and so on in a sense It is more powerful if it includes elements of the young yin stuff and the quasi religious stuff and that right you become a lot more of an Apostle and a true guru of how to lead one's life if you incorporate some of that mystical Bullshit, so I don't know if he does it willfully or whether he's done it because it ultimately taps into some of his greater goals But in a sense I'm quite disappointed in it and as I explained in my clip that I recently released where I said look Jordan and I could be great Allies on 95% of things, but I could disagree with him on some things and that's not because I hate him or I'm jealous of him That's because I wouldn't have the intellectual integrity that people know me for if I suddenly say Oh, but when it comes to Jordan if he ever says anything that I consider bullshit, I'll keep my mouth shut That makes no sense. Yeah, no, and I think I Think that's absolutely right. I mean people are so afraid of You know intellectuals criticizing one another. I mean, but that's what we do, right? I mean part of what we do is we debate ideas We discuss ideas as long as it doesn't become personal as long as what we're talking about is in the realm of ideas This is what we do and to stay silent when somebody else is saying something that you think is bullshit is wrong It's just it's not honest and look I'll give you one or two examples of other things which I'm not sure if I've waited on this publicly or not So, you know Jordan argues about, you know, how could you have morality without this? Judeo-Christian foundation. We would each be these selfish Psychopathic we can talk about selfish. I mean you can talk about the use of that word And so when I when I when I see something like this, I mean it really holds me back it to me That statement would be like me saying on a public forum Everybody knows that the earth is flat. There is no proof that the earth is not flat And so that position that there is no clear unequivocal unassailable scientific basis of morality is so outlandish that it borders on saying that the earth is flat So when I now criticize that position of Jordan, it's not I hate Jordan. I love Jordan Jordan is a lovely guy He's a friend. I would love to have him over for dinner. But do I think that that particular statement is false? Yes Yeah, and I and we will we agree on that completely We might come out with a different outcome of what morality is but we agree that I mean it's ridiculous And but it's a commonly held belief. I mean Jordan is not unusual here Jordan is the mainstream I think I think we're the ones who are unusual, you know Sam Harris says we can bridge the is art gap I believe we can you know I believe we can bridge the is art gap that's that science does lead to morality You can you can find more, you know, you can find your moral values and virtues from a scientific analysis of human nature and of reality but But the common view You know I reflected by Jordan and prego and Ben Shapiro But but really by everybody out there is that no you need some External something and that is not understandable to give you morality.  I always say that, you know We're not for the Torah. I would right now be looking to decapitate puppies and rape their Their headless bodies it is only through reading Deuteronomy and the other the five books of Moses that I refrain from raping dead puppies, right?  And so I'm torn right because I'm because I don't want to be attacking him in the same frontal No, nonsense way that I sometimes can and so I'm torn right because I do think that there are so many things on which him And I are such Sympathical allies freedom of speech and all right, but for example when it comes to postmodernism and his attacks on postmodernism And my attacks on postmodernism, that's great But then if I ask you so do you believe in God and your answer is what do you mean by do? Yeah, I believe in God then I'm taken back So are you now satirizing postmodernist or have you become the king of postmodernist, right? So this is why I'm a bit conflicted regarding Jordan is because I think in the grand scheme of scales It's fantastic.  It's only reason It's only a capacity to argue and debate and use reality as the standard of truth that allows For peace because then the truth we can discuss it but once it's my faith versus your faith Yeah, well and earlier you were talking about, you know, any idea should be debated I mean, what's the peer review process, right? I mean, I spend years working on some project right years to come up with the topic and then collect the data and then write the paper and then you send it off to a journal and Let me summarize it for you.     Go away. We're rejecting it, right? I don't go on a jihad. That's how it's I expect that for my paper to eventually be published It has to pass the highest level of scrutiny So why am I subjected to that lens?  So everything is fair game. Absolutely. Absolutely


So, now we are going to invoke a different kind of an experiment to simplify the cross peak fine structure. And this is called as COSY 45 or one can also use what is called as the E COSY. And COSY 45 is simply a modification from the COSY experiment. The COSY experiment has normally this sort of a sequence here T1, T2 and the COSY 45 means this angle is 45 degree, this flip angle is 45 degrees. This is 90 degree and this angle is 45 degrees, you can also use a smaller one, you can also use a 30 degrees and 40 degrees or whatever, but a smaller angle not 90 degree. What is the result of this? The result of this is the intensities in the multiplets, intensities in the cross peak are altered, as a result what happens is you may not see all the components, you will see some components and therefore you will see a better fine structure. But the some intensities will go to 0, therefore the cancellations will be less and you will see a better fine structure in this cross peaks. Now you can see the number of components is almost reduced to half when we do this sort of an experiment there. So in this of course this will not be present there and this one this is a 1 prime, 2 prime peak here and these peaks are not present and you see this structure is reduced, this structure reduced number of components is reduced. You can compare this with the peak here, see the kind of a structure what we had in this here see these ones are more components here, but the many components are cancelled and when the components are cancelled you are not able to measure the coupling constants, but you need to get those coupling constants. So therefore you need to do extract those informations, now we see you can see more components here in this because the cancellations are reduced because the intensities of the components are altered by this use of this 45 degree flip angle for this pulse. Now you can see many more components here therefore you can do a simulation which will be which will allow you to extract this coupling constants. So once again you can go here and then of course you do not see the cross peaks here as expected. So similarly for the 1 prime to double prime peak, this is the 1 prime to double prime peak now you see this of course does not matter because of the 1 prime, 2 prime coupling is not there it is 0 and this structure remains the same. But most importantly you can see here the way these peaks which were earlier present in this area, this portion they have been they have been reduced to 0 intensity. Therefore you do not see these peaks there and you will see better resolution within the fine structure. You will see 8 components here instead of the 16 components you are seeing only 8 components and that is what is very clear. So once you have this 8 components so you can actually measure this individual coupling constants very clearly in this area in all the C2 prime and all this corresponds to the C2 prime endo geometry area. This is the C3 prime endo geometry area this one is little bit more complex but here it becomes much more clearer with regard to the components which are present there. So and this of course becomes similar to this here and the C2 prime endo geometry is very well characterized by this fine structure here. You can clearly see 4 here and 4 there and these will be the plus minus plus minus and then you have the plus minus plus minus here and these ones are extremely useful for calculating the coupling constants. So this I will demonstrate to you in certain other things and similarly this one is now for the 2 prime 3 prime and 2 double prime 3 prime peaks. These are for the 2 prime 3 prime peak and these are for the 2 double prime 3 prime cross peaks. Now these are for the COSY 90 these are not for the COSY 45 and in this case all the components present will not calculate this fine structure it can be calculated in the same way as I indicated to you for the 1 prime 2 prime and the 1 prime 2 double prime cross peaks taking the splitting patterns of the individual nuclear individual protons and combining them with the splitting of the other ones you will calculate the structures here. So you see there are many cancellations depending upon the sugar geometry you will have different kinds of fine structures here. So one has to simulate these and all the peak patterns have to match at the same time. So you want to choose a certain set of coupling constants you not only must match the 1 prime 2 prime 1 prime 2 double prime must also match the 2 prime 3 prime and 2 double prime 3 prime fine structures. Then only you can be confident that your coupling constants calculations are correct. This is the same thing 2 prime 3 prime peaks how these fine structures are present in the individual as a function of the pseudo rotation angle there. So this one cannot remember these ones but whenever there is one face with a particular situation then you must this forms a database. Using this database one can compare your experimental spectra with this and simulate this using this of course this software was written for simulation purposes and so all these data is already published in progress in NMR and those you can make use this as the database. You calculate this pattern and experimentally experimental spectra you can compare and you can estimate the sugar geometries. Now this is for the 2 double prime 3 prime now this is for the Cozy 45. In the Cozy 45 you can see how these ones will change. So here you see for the Cozy 45 to 2 prime 3 prime peak this actually looks much more simpler. In the 2 prime 3 prime for the 2 prime 3 prime coupling constant of course will be there because that is about 6 to 7 hertz. So you will see in the C 3 prime endo domain also you will see that all these cross peaks 2 prime 3 prime cross peaks will be present. 2 double prime 3 prime peaks will not be present but the 2 prime 3 prime peaks will be present. For the north region of course this will be present all of these will be present and you can see this calculation that how the pattern happens this is in the Cozy 45 and once you have that you can actually see how the pattern number of components is reduced these resolution will allow you to estimate the coupling constant. And this is for the 2 double prime 3 prime peak the 2 double prime 3 prime peak will not be present in the C 2 prime endo geometry here because this is 2 double prime 3 prime coupling is 0 at this in this domain in this whole area from here to here that coupling is 0 therefore you will not see this you will only see for these and this is for the Cozy 45 you can combine this with the Cozy 40 experiment by and large it is better to simulate these ones than the Cozy 90 because the number of components is relatively less therefore you can obtain better dispersion of the multiple components and calculate the structure. Now this is for the 3 prime 4 prime peak now the 3 prime 4 prime peak so you see in the C 2 prime endo geometry region 3.4 prime coupling is 0 in the C 2 prime endo geometry it is very strong in the C 3 prime endo geometry that is in the northern region 3 prime 4 prime peak is very large therefore you will see very strong cross peak this is for the Cozy 90 this is not for Cozy 45 and you will see only for these ones you will see a very strong peak and the fine structures here will depend upon 3 prime 4 prime coupling 3 prime 2 prime coupling and that is how the 2 couplings which are present you can calculate the fine structures based on the coupling constant values and of course when you are calculating the 4 primes one has to take care of the fine structure of the 4 prime proton as well the 4 prime proton has a fine structure because of the coupling with 4 prime 3 prime but it also has the fine structure with 4 prime 5 prime 5 double prime okay one such remember that here so 4 prime will have a fine structure due to this is a 3 prime 4 prime but it will also have couplings to 4 prime 5 prime 4 prime 5 prime 4 prime 5 prime then you have 4 prime 5 double prime okay so plus plus plus plus minus minus minus so this will be 4 prime 5 double prime so therefore this way this has 8 components here therefore this structure will be very complex so this structure will be complex along this axis all of that is not resolved and many of those ones will overlap finally you will see only this much the total width is sort of the sum of the various coupling constants there therefore within that you have this various fine structures plus minuses and you will only thing you can see is that the 3 prime 4 prime peaks are not present in the in this domain which is the C2 prime endo geometry okay now this is the cosy 45 experiment for this oligomer for the experimental spectrum for this oligomer now you can see here the fine structures of the one prime these are the top ones are the one prime two prime peaks the corresponding bottom ones are the one prime to double prime okay now there are two one prime two prime there are two nucleotides here and these ones are the corresponding one prime to double prime peaks this is the one prime to prime peak of one nucleotide this is the 1 prime to prime of another nucleotide and the corresponding two double primes are here okay imagine the centres so this and this former pair this and these former pair and similarly in this area there is an overlap of two nucleotides so there are two one prime two prime peaks here and correspondingly the two one prime to double prime peaks are present here But there is one more nucleotide here which is embedded into this area, this is quite a substantial overlap of this here. Here again there is a quite a substantial overlap of the 1 prime, 2 prime, 1 prime, 2 double prime peaks. This one is very clear, there is a 1 prime, 2 prime, 1 prime, 2 double prime, 1 prime, 2 prime, 1 prime, 2 double prime. Now you can see the better resolution because of the COSY 45. If you had taken this COSY 40 you would not have been able to just separate out these ones components very clearly. So now you can use this to calculate. So once again here also you can see 2 here, 1 here and 1 there. This is 1, this is 2 and here there are 2. Now notice here this fellow, the 1 prime, 2 double prime peak is on the top, 1 prime, 2 prime is down. And this is because of the terminal one something is, this is identified and this pattern is very characteristic of the 1 prime, 2 double prime peak. You can see that all in all of these places. But there is an extensive overlap of peaks here. Now we will see, we will have to use different tricks to separate this out. We will see what to do there but I just indicate you do the experimental example. Now this is an example which clearly shows using COSY 45 how one can identify the coupling constants. So you see the fine structures here. What is present along this axis is the 1 prime multiplied, this is 1 prime. The 4 components you have the 1 prime, 2 prime coupling and 1 prime, 2 double prime coupling. And what is this peak? This peak is my 1 prime, 2 prime peak. This is my 1 prime, 2 double prime peak. So you can see here the fine structure. There are 8 components, there are 8 components here, also 8 components here depending on the coupling constants what we have there and the various coupling constants are indicated here. So 2 prime, 2 double prime coupling indicated here and then the 1 prime, 2 prime coupling indicated here. You measure the 1 prime, 2 prime, 2 double prime coupling along this axis and measure the 1 prime, 2 prime coupling along this axis or 1 prime, 2 double prime coupling along this axis. Also in this one you can measure the 1 prime, 2 prime coupling which is 9.5 hertz. This is the larger. And then this is the same 14.1 is the 2 prime to double prime coupling is the same. So therefore, you can determine 1 prime, 2 double prime coupling, 1 prime, 2 prime coupling and the 2 prime, 2 double prime coupling, all the 3 couplings one can measure from this 2 cross peaks. So this is illustrated in this experimental spectrum. This is the very beautiful spectrum and you can actually see the fine structures in these ones. Okay, now this is another experimental spectrum and then the simulated spectrum shown here for this one particular cross peak. The same spectrum which I showed you earlier, the big one and one particular cross peak of that one is, this is the A5 nucleotide, A5 nucleotide that is this one here, this is the phi and the 1 prime to double prime coupling of that. You see here this is the experimental spectrum and this is the simulated spectrum and overlay on this perfectly overlapping and when you do that of course you can get the coupling constants very clearly. Now this is a complex here with some drug and one can study what happens when the drug is binding whether there is a change in the sugar geometry as a result of the binding of a particular drug and so on. So this is a particular application to demonstrate that there is a change in the coupling constant. The sugar geometry actually changes from C2 prime endo to C3 prime endo when this happens there. Okay, now here are the simulations of the same spectrum which I showed earlier. So you remember this overlapping areas here? You remember the overlapping? This was the way which was so many nucleotides are getting overlapped there. In the COSY 45 experimental spectrum there are 3 nucleotides here, 3 nucleotides there like C1, C13 and this contains both of the H2 prime, H2 double prime cross peaks. All of them are present in this area. Now one could simulate this, this could only by simulation you can extract this coupling constant. You vary this different parameters there, how many coupling constants are present? You can actually vary this coupling constants and simulate this to match this perfectly. So this is the wonderful demonstration of how to extract the coupling constants by simulations. And these are the little simpler ones, you have the T8 and T7, there are 2 nucleotides here, these are the 1 prime, 2 prime peaks and then this is the T7 experimental spectrum and the simulated spectrum and these are identical and you can confidently determine the coupling constants. Now here there is an overlap of C1 and C13 here, 2 1 prime, 2 prime peaks are overlapping in this area and at, see you look at that the way the chemical shifts are and the coupling constants are, the patterns are looking different. So this one of course now we simulate it perfectly to get this coupling constants from there. Okay, now that is so much for using the COSY and the COSY 45 but now you get into even more difficulties of course that is that the simulation was done fine but can we do something more? Well so we said that we have this coupling information, a redundant coupling information along both the frequency axis. We have the coupling information along the F2 axis as well as the H1 axis. For example the H1 prime coupling is present along H1 prime H2 prime coupling is present along with the 2 axis and the chemical shifts may overlap. Therefore what we do is, here we use a decoupling technique, decoupling technique this is constant time, constant time COSY. We had discussed this during the methods, so what happens is this will result in decoupling along F1 axis. Therefore in this now you do not see the splitting along the F1 axis at all. You only have couplings along the F2 axis, along the F, this is the F2 axis, H1 prime is the F2 axis, this is my F1 axis if I am looking at that. Therefore you do not see the splitting along this axis, therefore this simplifies the cross peak fine structures much more as a result of which you can measure this coupling also relatively better and if there are overlaps of the peaks that also will get resolved. These are the simulations for the different sugar geometries how it happens and once again for the 1 prime 2 prime there will be no peak here because this is the C3 prime endo geometry for the 9, these are C3 prime endo domain and 1 prime 2 prime coupling is 0 there you will not see as you start increasing it starts picking up numbers and you will see the highest intensities in this area for this particular peak 1 prime 2 prime and once again it will be 0 here and this is for the 1 prime 2 double prime. Once again this one is smaller here because this coupling constant is not that large as compared to the 1 prime 2 prime coupling but you can see the 4 components little bit better here because the relative intensities are different and that will allow you to measure the individual coupling constants in this because what you see here is the fine structure of the H1 prime alone or on this axis you do not have the H1 prime has is what it is a doublet of a doublet it has 2 couplings 1 prime to 2 prime and 1 prime to 2 double prime. So, you can see the 4 components here although there is some cancellation in the middle in this area that is why the central peaks have lower intensity but nonetheless you can actually calculate measure the separations you get an idea as to what they will be they may not be precise but you will get the precise values after the simulations. Now, this is for the 2 prime 3 prime in the same area for the same for entire region of the sugar geometries. So, these form a database all of these simulations for my database for the this is again F1 decoupled cosy this is constant time cosy constant time cosy or this is also called as F1 decoupled cosy. So, you will only see the fine structure of the what is present along this axis you would not see the cross fine structure here. So, this will show the fine structure of the 2 prime proton the 2 prime proton has what couplings it has a 2 prime 3 prime 1 prime 2 prime and 2 prime 2 double prime. So, it has those 3 coupling constants there and this will be 8 components there but of course all of them are not sufficiently resolved. So, but you can see 4 components there this ones and so you can see better representation of this more components here actually you see more components there same as to here it should be 8 components you see actually see 8 of them there because the relative intensities they you can see this separate them better here but the intensities become more than of course they tend to merge and then you will start seeing this sort of a pattern. Now, this is the same spectrum which I showed you earlier of the same molecule which was let me show you corresponding one I will go back and show you that this is constant time cosy this spectrum is of the same one as this one this is the same region it is the same region of the same molecule with the constant time cosy see now you can see all of them are so well resolved the ones which are present here every one of them is 1 1 1 1 line. So, 2 prime 2 double prime correspond you can also figure out which you are which 2 are in the line. So, this corresponds to this this corresponds to this. So, you can see you can draw the lines now you see here that there are 2 overlapping which were they are very complex now you see here there are 2 nucleotides here G2 and G12 and they are both the 2 prime 2 double prime they are both present here they are all overlapping and the G9 2 prime and 2 double prime peaks are also overlapping there and we since we removed the coupling constant along this axis they have become now one line here and one line there. So, similarly here for the G12 one line there one line down another G2 one line here one line there. So, each one of them is giving you 1 1 line.  So, that will allow you to figure out how many peaks are overlapping. So, even in such a complex situation by doing this constant time cosy you are able to separate out these various components then you can actually simulate these to calculate the coupling constants. Now, this is the 2 double 2 prime 2 double prime 3 prime cross peak region this is the extremely complex area extremely complex area look at the overlaps here. Therefore, this you could not have analyzed without the F1 decoupling this is again a constant time cosy this is again a constant time cosy or you are also called as F1 decoupling cosy and you see this area. So, how complex it is if you had the coupling constant information here this would have been impossible to analyze if you had the coupling information along this axis as well you would not have been able to separate out all of these components. So, now we can see clearly 3 lines 1 2 3 and that is a blow up here. So, similarly there are 2 lines here the T7 T8 we are so close and similarly C1 C3 these ones are again G2 G12 which you saw earlier also in the case of 1 prime 2 prime 2 double prime as well. So, therefore, while now by doing this you are able to figure out the individual patterns chemical shifts and the individual coupling constants. You have to be able to measure all of these coupling constants at the same time then only we will have the confidence in those ones. Now, you see these are the simulations having obtained those experimental spectra now to generate where there are overlaps you will have to resolve to the simulations. So, you have this experimental spectrum here the 1 prime 2 prime 2 double prime are overlapping here in this and that one is distinctly seen this was of the G6 residue which was there below and 1 prime 2 prime 2 double prime and this is the 2 prime 3 prime of the same residue. So, using the same coupling constants you must be able to fit all the cross peak fine structures the 1 prime 2 prime 2 double prime. So, you have the 2 prime here the 2 double prime here 2 prime there 2 double prime there and then you measure this fit the all the coupling constants and get the fine structure this is the 2 prime 3 prime. Now, in this case experimental and simulated once again you perfectly generate the simulations to get this individual 2 nucleotides overlapping even so you could get the coupling because you have one line each along both along the vertical along this axis and you have the fine structures along this axis therefore you can measure this coupling constants quite clearly. So, you can see here this one and this one and this one and this one these two belong to G2 top and belongs to G2 and these one belongs to G12. So, therefore you can actually measure this and separate the coupling constants. That is so much for the sugar geometry. Now, we turn to the one of the torsion angles along the backbone and that is epsilon torsion angle the C3 prime O3 prime torsion angle in the along the backbone and this actually couple is quite restricted how do we know this is restricted you do determine this by there is no measurable parameter here to find out this coupling constant NMR parameter although you can sometimes you can use the P31 spectra and here you also determine this by energy calculations you calculate the energy of the system for a particular dinucleotide and what are the favorable energies what is the most stable state it turns out that when you do this that you have the lowest energy for this epsilon torsion angle is around 270 degree and here you have a very nice minimum here with very small energy and as you go anywhere you go away from there the energy goes up very rapidly if the energy is like this is very unlikely that these will get populated in any normal situations. Therefore, by and large when you are actually calculating you generally consider only this value or this value for the epsilon torsion angle when you build the models for the structure calculations then you will have to use this sort of constraints you therefore what constraints you use first of all you have the assignments and then you have energy values here for the epsilon torsion angle and the sugar geometry determined from the coupling constants that is that forms the input for the structure calculations and we have not yet come to the distances we will use the distances that will form a particular part from the nosy is the ultimate finally for to calculate the structure because you have the various inter proton distances which we measured and that is the one which we are going to use for structure calculations this will form I guess we will go that into the next class. So, here so let me summarize once more we had the first of all we obtained the assignments using the nosy and based to 1 prime connectivities based to 2 prime to double prime connectivities and then from 1 prime to 2 prime to double prime connectivities and then we analyze in the cosy spectrum the fine structures in the cross peaks of 1 of the sugar ring 1 prime 2 prime to double prime 2 prime 3 prime 3 prime 4 prime and we saw how there is a distinct pattern of cross peaks depending upon the sugar geometry with that we get a well idea about the sugar geometry constraints this we have to use for the structure calculation which we will take up in the next class.


Okay guys, I have no idea how I'm going to edit all of this together, but I'm going to somehow. So we are here starting a brand new series called Art Mixology and this is more than just making homemade gesso. This is taking those bits and pieces apart, the different mediums, the glitters, the pigment powders, the paint. We're going to start mixing stuff together and we're going to see what happens. When something good happens, I'm going to create a recipe card for y'all so that you can download it and start your own recipe deck of art recipes and reproduce them. And today in this video, we are going to do melted metal paste and melted, and what was the other one? Melted metal texture. I am going to show you right now how we do those. I have some clips. I'm going to show you my successes and my failures and this video is probably going to be a little bit long. I'll shorten it as much as I can, but it'll be a little bit on the long side. I'll be back in the end. I'll show you what this is and let's get started. Hello everyone. We are here today with what I hope will be a new series of sort of art experiments. I'm really all about using what we have, trying to use it in a new way this year, and buying less. I was kind of brainstorming with my friend Mike Deacon of Mike Deacon Art. I'll link his channel in the description below. And I was telling him about my idea going forward for 2018 and he coined the term art mixology. So this is art mixology, episode one, and to go along with this, we're going to have a series of recipe card style downloads. Where I'm going to give you instructions on the mixes I'm going to show you right now and I, for myself, am going to put them into one of my Rolodex card holders with probably a sample of said mix on the back, which I will share at the end of the video. So every episode will have two different ones in it and for the first one, we're going to review one that I've done before, which I call melted metal paste. And for this, you're going to need some heavy gel medium gloss or extra heavy. The heavier, the better. You'll need some metallic paint, some kind of pigment powder. I have that number of different ones. This is one I want to use up called the name of it. The color is flash. And I don't remember. I think this might be one that my friend Cindy Utter gave me, but I don't remember what the brand is or anything. Any gold pigment powder will work. Even nail powder will work. And a variety of gold glitters, microbeads, flake, and different things to add into the mix. So the first thing we're going to do is we're going to take a little bit of the gel medium, and this is a brand new tub. Any brand doesn't matter what brand it is. This is Amsterdam. I'm just going to do a little bit. And this is a little porcelain plate from Daiso, the Japanese dollar store. A little bit of gold paint. About half as much as the gel medium. And then a little bit of the pigment powder. I think this might still be closed. We have to open it. Sometimes getting it open is the hardest part. Okay, when we get it open, I'll be right. That's a pain to get open. All right. So we just need a little bit of the powdered pigment. There's no exact measurements, but you just need a little tiny bit. Then we're going to add in some glitter. Now, for this first one, I'm going to keep everything that I add into here super fine. And the glitters and powders will just add extra sparkle to it. And make it look like melted metal. I don't want to put anything too chunky in it, at least on this first one. So I'm going to dump some gold glitter in there, or goldish colored glitter. And I'm going to put in a few microbeads just a little bit and then mix it all together. And you can tell already that you're getting something that's super sparkly, super thick and chunky. You can put this directly on your journal page or other artwork. What I like to do, though, is use it on a piece of deli paper and through a stencil. So I've grabbed a couple of my stencils. This is four square because there's four designs in a square. You get it? Four square. Number two. There's five different ones. And we are going to, I think, do this one here. So I'm going to just push it through. And then when it dries, it's going to be a bit dimensional because of the gel medium. It's going to be super sparkly and look like somebody melted a gold bar on your page or on your wherever you use this, your tag or whatever. Because of the gold paint and all the extra pigment powder and other sort of shiny gold things that you added in to the paste. You do want to get this off of your stencil fairly quickly so it doesn't clog your stencil up, by the way. Okay, so we're going to turn this around so I don't get my hand in that. And I'm going to take what's left of this gold powder and we are going to add some flake to it. So these are just, this is chunky, chunkier pieces of glitter. And then I have some of this Michael Flake which actually isn't gold, but do I have gold? Before I dump that in there, I might have gold. Hold on. Or at least one that's closer. I don't have gold, but I have this one, which I don't know. It's more of a bronzy color. Let's use this one. We're just going to take a little pinch. Not too much. Use what you have. If you guys are like me, you've got all this stuff laying around in your art room. You're not doing much with it, so dig it out and let's use it. So we'll call this melted metal fine, melted metal chunky. I have another one of my four square stencils. This is number four. I think there's a piece of my hair in there. Yep. Now with the chunks in there, you're going to want to use a stencil that's bigger and more open because these fine lines, you probably wouldn't even see the chunks. They wouldn't make it through the stencil. Prefer to do these on deli paper and then have sort of a library of embellishments to add to my page or anywhere rather than do them directly into my journal. I find that more useful for me and my process. But you do what's right for you.  So that's already not even dry and pretty, pretty, pretty. All right. So I'm going to reset the table and put some things away, clean up the molding paste. I'm sorry, gel medium. And I'm going to set up for number two. This is number one and I'll be right back. Okay. For this next one, I was kind of wondering what would happen if we dug out our old embossing supplies. This is UTE. Those who don't know what that is, Ultra Thick Embossing Enamel. It is, it's not, it's huge. Anyway, I haven't used it in a million years. And I was wondering what would happen if we mix something like this, which is clear with glitter or flake flocking powder. I have this drawer of like nail, you know, glitters and things. What would happen if we mixed some of these with the UTE? I say we find out. Let's just do this the easy way. We're going to just do this because we're just practicing, right? So I'm going to just do this and I'm going to get some UTE on there. I mean, sorry, embossing liquid on there. Then we're going to take a, the same little dish we used before and carefully without spilling it. Hopefully there is a spoon buried in here. There we go. Grab just a little bit. We don't need too much. And let's mix it with one of some of the things that are on my desk. Let's put a little bit of, this is like little glitter circles. Again, these are a nail for doing your fingernail. And let's put some of this. I have the same color in a mica flake. This is by Martha Stewart, I think, yeah. So let's mix those together. And it might do nothing. And this glitter may not stick. I have no idea what's going to happen. Let's see what happens. So if it's not stuck down, it's going to blow everywhere. That's what happens. Let's try something different. Let's do this. Okay, what had the embossing fluid from the stamp pad on it did stick down?  Okay, so that's interesting. And once it dries, it doesn't come off. Okay, I have all this stuff everywhere now. Holy cow. This is why I don't do much with embossing powder. It goes everywhere. All right, let's get another scrap of paper. And you know what? I do have an embossing pen down here. If it's not dried up, let's see. No, it's not dried up. I don't know how well the UTE is going to stick to it. Let's find out. Oh, it did stick. These are like mica flakes. And let's see. So you can use glycerin to emboss with. And that's what this is. You can get it at your local pharmacy. The melted metal I have done before, this I have not done before. You're seeing this. I think that was a bit too much glycerin. Okay, the embossing powder is really just not liking being mixed with other things that aren't embossing powder. That's the lesson there. So then I have another idea. And this is inspired by Seth Aptor and his new line of embossing powders and things, texture things. So why can't you take some of your embossing powders and mix them together? That's right. I said mix them together. I also have some beeswax down here. I forgot what's down there. All right.   Let's use one of these embossing pens. Let's take our little dish and some more UTE. And I've got these iced enamels. This is relic powder, and this one is raspberry. I don't think I've ever used these. I think I saw them at Creativation back when it was still CHA or something, and then I don't think I ever used them. So let's use them, shall we? I am going to try adding a little bit of, this is flocking powder. Let's just add, let's see what happens if we add a little bit of that to it. Just a teeny bit. If I can get a teeny bit out, do it again. Okay. And emboss. Okay, that worked like a charm. That's pretty cool. Those would be cool embellishments on a page. I like that. Okay. So let's take, I have a couple more little pieces of this scrap paper. I want to use them up. Let's go back to the big embossing stamp pad, and let's see if we can get a good, actually, let's, you know what? Let's add some more glycerin to it, because I bet that's part of the problem. There's glitter everywhere. Early everywhere. Okay. So that's good and juicy now. Much better. Much better. All right. We're going to take our little dish again with the UTE, which I like using because it's a clear base. So you're really just going to see the things that you mix with it. I'm going to take a little bit of this raspberry ice resin stuff. I don't remember exactly how you're supposed to use this stuff to be really honest with you guys. Probably not how I'm using it. This big beeswax has never been opened. Look at that. Okay. I'm going to put a couple pieces of the beeswax directly onto our paper. Not too many because I don't know what this is going to do. We're going to mix up our ice resin and our UTE. And let's put a little bit of that flocking powder in again. Okay. Let's see what happens. Okay.  I've got two more pieces of paper. So we are going to call this melted metal paste, which was the first one. And then this one is melted metal texture. So these are the four successes. We did have two that I don't think turned out very well. I will include the clips for those. This one was UTE, which is clear and some of the iced enamels in relic powder. This was some of the UTE with the iced enamels in raspberry and then some beeswax. I really love this one. It does look like sort of old painted rusty gnarly. Like, yeah, I love it. This one is UTE with some metallic pigment powders. How cool is that? And this one is UTE with some chunky mica flakes or I guess small kind of mica flakes. The trick I discovered after doing these two is to make sure your embossing stamp is really juicy and that you get a lot of embossing fluid, the sticky glycerin on here before you pour your powder so that the glitter and the UTE stick really well and that when you turn the heat gun on it doesn't just blow all over the place. But I think these are really fun and I think you need to experiment and try them and use them in your art. Okay, wasn't that a lot of fun? So this is one of my Rolodexes that I've done different art and things in. I started it back in 2015. I never did finish it. I've done different experiments and things in it. I took one of the tab dividers and I created a new section called Art Mixology today and behind that I'm going to put the first of the two recipe cards which is a free download by the way and I'm going to put the link for the download in the description below. If you want to ask me questions about the recipes or anything leave a comment. I took and I printed out the file at 50% so that it would fit on my Rolodex card and it is formatted to fit on a Rolodex card that way but I printed it at 50% of its normal size then I took a couple of samples of the recipe and I stapled them to the back so I have reference samples. I did that for both of them. There are a million possibilities for each one of these recipes of what you can do with them depending on what you have in your stash of stuff. I just took two, one of each basic kind. So this is going to be a fun project I think going forward as I think of new things to just randomly mix together. We'll do more art mixology. If you like it let me know. We'll keep going and have some fun with it and do some experimenting on your own and if you come up with something new let me know. My Facebook group, A Life of Art and Self Expression is where we're going to do some talking and chattering and sharing about this so if you'd like to join that Facebook group the link is in the description below. If you want to support the free content here on YouTube you can shop in my Etsy shop or you can put some money in my tip jar. Both of those links are also in the description below. Above all though go out and have a great day. Do something nice for yourself because you deserve it. Like, share, and subscribe and I will see you later. Bye guys!


working as an assistant professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering, Valchin Institute of Technology, Solapur. So, today in the third session, we will see psychometric properties and numericals. Learning outcomes. At the end of this session, students will be able to derive specific enthalpy and evaluate psychometric properties. Now, in this session, we will see the specific humidity of moisture. Specific humidity of moisture is equal to humidity of dry air plus humidity of water vapor. If I consider the humidity per mass of air, then on both sides, I will divide it by M A, which is equal to M A into specific enthalpy of air by M A plus M V into H V by M A. So, specific enthalpy of moisture is equal to a specific enthalpy of dry air plus this ratio is specific humidity into H V. Now, this is the equation number first. As we know, specific humidity of dry air as the air is in the gaseous phase, we can consider C P A means specific humidity, specific heat of air into driable temperature. Now, this driable temperature is nothing but small t, which is the same of air and water vapor. This is the equation number second. Now, to find the enthalpy of vapor, we have to refer the Moulier chart. So, on the Moulier chart, if we refer the Moulier chart, it is found that up to 50 degrees Celsius, the isenthalpic lines and isothermal lines are coinciding. So, if I draw here the isothermal line, then corresponding to isothermal, the isenthalpic lines are also coinciding on the same. So, what I can do? I can consider the reference temperature for the water vapor as 0 degree Celsius and the enthalpy of water vapor, instead of taking it as a dry air, that is suppose capital A, superheated B or state C. I can derive the general relation for the water vapor. So, H V is equal to H F G. This is the latent heat at 0 degree Celsius plus C p V specific humidity of superheated vapor into driable temperature minus 0. So, it becomes H F G at 0 degree Celsius plus C p V into d B T driable temperature. If we refer the steam table, then at 0 degree Celsius, we will get the value of latent heat of vaporization as 2501 plus the C p V is 1.88 into T. This is the equation number 3. Then, I should substitute the values of H A and H V in equation number first. So, enthalpy of moisture will be equal to C p A T plus omega into bracket 2501 plus 1.88 T as C p A is 1.005 T plus specific humidity into bracket 2501 plus 1.88 T. So, this is the derivation of specific enthalpy of moisture. Next is numerical on moisture. There are two types of the numericals. In first category, they will be giving driable temperature and wet ball temperature. By using the psychrometer, we can obtain driable temperature and wet ball temperature. And if we refer this T as plot, then corresponding to driable temperature from steam table, we will get P S. And from wet ball temperature by referring this T as plot, we will be getting P V dash. Here, we require to refer the carriers equation. This is the first type of the numerical. In second type, we will be knowing along with the driable temperature either relative humidity or specific humidity or degree of saturation. So, by equations, we can find out the other psychrometric properties. Now, if I cool the air at P V pressure, then from steam table, I may get the dew point temperature. So, this is the third method from which I can obtain the dew point temperature of that air, moist air. Next is the psychrometric processes. This is the psychrometric chart. I will consider 25 degree Celsius as driable temperature and 50 percent RH. The intersection of these two properties will be the reference point. So, if I will heat the moist air without changing the specific volume, sorry, specific humidity, this process is known as sensible heating process. 1 to 2 is sensible heating process. If I cool it means, without changing omega, if I decrease its driable temperature, the process 1 to 3 will be called sensible cooling process. If I start adding the water vapor because omega is equal to m v by m a, if I will start adding the mass of water vapor in that moist air, then there will be increase in the omega. 1 to 4 will be known as humidification process. The reverse, if I remove the water vapor from that moist air, then 1 to 5 will be known as dehumidification process. Now, I can get the mixed processes also. That is, process 1 to 6 will be heating with humidification and reverse cooling with dehumidification 1 to 7. Then 1 to 8 will be cooling with humidification and 1 to 9 will be heating with dehumidification. So, these are the different psychometric processes. Thank you.


Daily Tech News show is made possible by its listeners, thanks to all of you including Logan Larson, Mike Aikens and Norm Fasikus. Coming up on DTNS, Google's got new Pixel phones. They're great. They're reasonably priced. Will anyone buy them? I don't know. And Jen Briney from the Congressional Dish is here to tell us what's actually in the chips hat. This is the Daily Tech News for Thursday, October 6th, 2022 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. From Columbus, Ohio, I'm Rob Dunwood. I'm Roger Chang, the show's producer. And joining us, host of Congressional Dish, Jen Briney. Welcome back. Hello. Thank you for having me. Thank you for reading the entire Chips Act for us. Yeah, it wasn't fun. No, I know. But that's why we appreciate it all the more. We're going to talk about that. We're going to talk about the Pixel phones. But let's start with a few tech things you should know. The Quick Hits. The Australian government proposed changes to consumer privacy rules that would allow telcos to share government-issued identification documents with banks to better implement enhanced monitoring for data breaches. Something that Australians wish would have happened earlier. The data can only be used for preventing and responding to security incidents, fraud, scam activity, or identity theft, and must be destroyed when no longer needed. This comes after the breach at the Telco Optus exposed personal information on as many as 10 million accounts. That's a lot of accounts. A couple of AI stories to tell you about. Alphabet's DeepMind published a paper in the journal Nature detailing AlphaTensor designed to discover novel, efficient, and probably correct algorithms. So it's an AI that can discover more AI. Google also announced its text to video systems. One is called Imagine Video, which, similar to Meta's recently shown Make a Video system, uses a short text prompt to generate a 16 frame, 3 frames per second video at 24 by 48 pixel resolution, which is upscaled to 24 frames per second at 720p. Google also showed Fnaki designed to turn longer detailed prompts into videos with two minutes, but currently offers less resolution. Alright, we're going from images to videos already. This is a big one. Netflix has agreed with major U.S. theater chains AMC, Regal, and Cinemark to show Glass Onion a knives out mystery in their theaters for a limited but exclusive run. This is not just to get award consideration. They could have done a much smaller run for that. 600 theaters, so not all their theaters, but 600 theaters across the United States will get what's going to be billed as a sneak preview run of the movie from November 23rd through November 29th, so the Thanksgiving weekend. Then it'll be out of theaters and unavailable to watch on Netflix until it shows up on the streaming service December 23rd. It's the first time AMC, Regal, or Cinemark have shown anything from Netflix in one of their theaters. Bloomberg sources say that Twitter and Elon Musk agreed to delay Musk's deposition in the company's lawsuit previously set for Thursday. That's actually today. This indicates the two companies may be close to an acquisition deal that would settle the court case. I mean, anybody's guess what's actually going to happen, but here's a thing that actually points towards one outcome. So there you go. And Hyundai's joint venture with up Tiva called emotional has signed a 10 year deal to provide autonomous vehicles to Ubers ride hailing and delivery service. So not just Uber, but Uber eats to the companies did not announce service areas, but they did say they'd launch in multiple cities in the United States. Motional already works with Lyft to provide autonomous vehicles in Las Vegas and Uber actually has a separate deal with Nuro for vehicles in California and Texas. All right, Google had an announcement in New York City to announce the details of the Pixel 7, the 7 Pro and the Pixel Watch. They teased all these during Google IO back in May. You probably remember that. But now we have the details and all three pixels are available to order now shipping October 13. Let's start with features that are available in both the Pixel 7 and 7 Pro. They both run on the new Google Design Tensor G2 chip have IP68 dust and waterproof protection and claim to get 24 hours on a single charge up to 72 hours when the battery saver kicks in. The pixels are capable of Qi wireless charging USB C fast charging and can charge other devices. Now some of the features coming to the phone include cough and snore detection while you're sleeping stays on device. They're not going to send it to the cloud. Google previously launched real tone on the Pixel for more accurate skin tone and photos and now is going to offer guided frame, which helps people with low vision frame up a shot using haptics and audio guidance like telling you raise it up, lower it down. There's also cinematic blur, which some people might just call Boca. Photo unbler, face unbler and Google Assistant has some pixel specific features like you can now tell the pixel silence if you want it to stop ringing, which will be fun to shout and it will transcribe your voice messages. Something that iPhone users have enjoyed. It's going to be able to do that and it can label the different speakers in the recorder app. If you're like recording a meeting or something like that. So the recording is really interesting to me and then also will it kick me if I'm snoring like my wife. They need some stronger haptics for that. I just wondered. But the pixels both come with an underscreen fingerprint sensor and face unlock, though face unlock is not available for everything since the fingerprint is still considered more secure on the Pixel. The pixels both ship with Google One's VPN built in at no additional cost, though it's not available in all countries. And some systems won't actually send data through the VPN. You also get five years of security updates on both the Pixel 7 and 7 Pro. OK, so that's what's in both phones. But let's tell you the differences. The Pixel 7 has a 6.3 inch 1080 by 2400 screen up to 90 hertz variable refresh rate comes with eight gigs of RAM. You can get it in either 128 or 256 gigs of storage has a rear 50 megapixel camera and the same front facing main and ultra wide sensors as the pro. It doesn't have a telephoto lens. The pro does the Pixel 7 will start at an affordable $599. The Pixel 7 Pro has a 6.7 inch 11 40 by 31 20 display with up to 120 hertz variable refresh rate. It has polished aluminum frame and adds a 48 megapixel telephoto lens to the rear camera that can do up to 5x optical zoom or 30x digital. It can also macro focus at close as close as three centimeters. It has 12 gigs of RAM and adds a 512 gigabyte storage option. The Pixel 7 Pro starts at 899. So these prices relative to others with similar specs on the marketplace are pretty good. The builds look great. Essentially, if you're paying for the pro, you're paying for the bigger screen, the better camera and maybe some increased storage options and better RAM and such. What do you as an Android user think about these Rob? Are you tempted to switch to the Pixel? So it is the is not so much the hardware. You know, I have been Team Samsung since I think the Galaxy S3. So I just like Samsung hardware, but the software additions, the voice transcription that this phone can do is second to none. I mean, you literally talk to it and it figured out what you're saying and types it out for you. I mean, what you would think all of, you know, transcribing does, but it's just better. The ability for you to make a phone call or someone to call you and then it basically answers screens, them, those all kind of stuff. I would actually pay for that service that is so good for people who I know who have pixels. So the software things that Google is doing on this phone are really interesting to me. The hardware I still kind of like just to look and polish that you get with all that glass on the Samsung devices. But the heart, like I said, the software is really making me perk my eyes up and say, I might have to try this out. I've used that automatic Google Assistant thing where it can talk to someone for you and you're just tapping the stuff. And in fact, they've got some improvements here where they say if it's a commonly called number, it'll start sharing what the options are. It won't wait to hear the options. But I always wonder if I'm being as bad as I feel when I have to deal with a phone tree, an automated phone tree. But I guess the turnabout is fair play, right? Jen, as an iPhone user, have we swayed you at all with these pixel stats? Does this bring any interest to your phone life? So the one thing that made me curious is the speech to text because I'm huge on that. You can see I'm wearing giant glasses because I strain my eyes a lot with what I do. So I'm using speech to text and I do find myself editing a lot when I'm using it to text people, which kind of defeats the purpose of not looking at my phone. So knowing that that's really good was the one thing that made me go like, hmm, but the rest of it, I don't know, for me to give up and have to relearn a whole system, I'm definitely in the Apple net. They've captured me completely. So it would have to be something kind of extraordinary because once I switch the phone, I feel like my Apple computer doesn't talk to it as well. I would have to go all in on the Google stuff. I'm just not there yet. Yeah, I mean, that's been the problem for a lot of these Android makers. And Google's no exception, even though they make the operating system, it's hard to break people out of their ecosystems. We just heard it from two different perspectives. We heard Jen talking about it from the iOS perspective. And Rob, you were just basically saying like, well, I'm kind of liking my Samsung life. Well, here's the thing. I don't know that this is a problem for Google, but it's always been this way. They allow anyone to make Android devices. Anybody can make them. So for years, other manufacturers have made better iPhones, have made better Android devices than Google itself was making. So you now have people who are kind of locked in. So clearly it is not as much of an ecosystem thing for me. It is just I like the big giant phone with the pen that I use more so than being able to transcribe something on my phone. So I'm not saying that I'm not interested in the Pixel. It's just I don't know that there's enough there yet to make me switch over from what I'm currently using. It just sounds real familiar to me to hear a bunch of people talk about how good a phone is that is not going to sell. It happened to HTC. It happened to LG. It's currently true for Sony. They sell well in Japan, but outside of Japan, almost no one knows about the Xperia phones and their great phones. So I look at this and I'm like, Google only reports 6.55 billion dollars in other revenue. That's not even just their hardware. That's all their hardware plus Google Play compare 6.55 billion to the 50.5 billion Apple makes on iPhone. Samsung's making billions off the Galaxy line. I'm not saying these are bad phones. I just don't know where this goes for Google. Unless they go a Microsoft route and say it's not the sales numbers that matter. It's us showing off the capabilities. We're the showcase phone for Android. And if they do that, they have to start allowing some of these Pixel only features to move to additional, you know, you know, Android devices because I'll be flat out honest with you. I'm probably more apt to move to iPhone than I am to move to Pixel. Because, like, what's the point? I want to get, you know, transcription. That is an awesome, awesome thing. I don't know if it's enough to just change everything. If I want to change everything, I might as well just change to a completely different platform. That's just me, though. And if they are using it as a showcase and those features do move to Samsung phones, let's say, then you're going to look at it and think, well, can I just wait? Can I just wait until it shows up on Samsung? Like, you know, it takes away a little the impetus to move it. So I'm not even sure what Google's up to here, except making very nice phones at a very good price. No, they are really good phones. If you are coming from a mid-tier or lower-end Android device and you want to get into a premium device, these things are very, very well priced. I think that Samsung and Apple, they definitely figured out back in 2020, you can't charge people $1,300, $1,400 for a phone. They'll just wait until that phone breaks before they show up that kind of money. So the phones have definitely gotten less expensive over the last couple of years, and the Pixel really has never been super expensive. So that's always a good thing, but these are very, very, very good phones for that price range. So I definitely recommend them if you're on a mid-tier phone and you're just trying to move to get the best of Android, you're probably not going to do better on Android than you will do with a Pixel. Maybe that's their best bet. Maybe that's their path, is to say, look, compare it to a Galaxy A. Not a Galaxy S, a Galaxy A, and we're amazing. If you're stepping up, you don't have to step up to $1,400. You don't have to get a fold, step up to a Pixel. You don't have to spend that much more money than what you're spending already. Maybe that'll work for them. We didn't even talk about this, but the camera on the Pixel, pretty much as the Pixel has been out, we have always talked about those pictures look great. With what they're doing with this new processor, last year they came out with the real tone that was a big deal. They're adding the new stuff for people who are visually impaired, which is kind of awesome. That is not an insignificant thing that they're doing. Like I said, when you look at the software on this, you're getting the best of Android on this phone. You're getting what iOS is to the iPhone on a Google device. It's just that they're so far behind with just now catching up to where hardware is even comparable to their competition that, like I said, I'm all in on this platform, on this operating system. I just don't know that I'm willing to give my pen up, that I only use once every three or four months. Make one with a pen for goodness sake, you'll get robbed. Even making their own chips, that tensor chip that Google designed, that's good chip. Finally, we should mention the Pixel tablet got another look. That's not coming out until 2023, so we didn't get specs and shipping, but Google said that the coding, they compared the coding to a LaCrucette Dutch oven.  And there's also going to be a docking station, so you can use the tablet like you would in a Nest Hub smart display when you're not using it as a tablet. That really looks cool, but would you bet money they're not going to cancel it? Oh man, it's not even out yet, Rob. Give them a second before you lose faith. I don't trust them. I just don't trust them. What do you want to hear us talk about on the show? One way to let us know is our subreddit, submit stories and vote on them at dailytechnewshow.reddit.com. Third time's a charm. I shouldn't have pressed it so early. The president of the United States went to Poughkeepsie, New York on Thursday to talk about IBM's plans to spend $20 billion there over the next decade on chip making and quantum computing. The president traveled to Ohio last month for Intel's $20 billion chip plant promise. And, Rob, you can see it from your window, right? You said it's under construction. I can see it from my yard. Yeah. Tuesday, Micron promised $100 billion to spend over the next two decades to build chip plants in New York. One wonders if this might upset trading partners like, I don't know, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea. And the answer is yeah, probably. So the United States has created the chip for alliance to ensure a stable supply chain and keep advanced chip making technology out of the hands of mainland China. Taiwan's deputy economic affairs minister, Chen Chun-yi, said the manufacturing equipment comes primarily from the US and Europe. The raw materials come from Japan and manufacturing technology from Taiwan and Korea. So this requires collaboration to form a very resilient supply chain. Of course, all of this is following the passage this summer of the US Chips and Science Act of 2022, AKA the CHIPS Act. Jen Briney is possibly the only person on earth to have read the entire CHIPS Act. So we wanted to get her to explain what's actually in there. Jen, thank you. What's actually in there? Well, the big story here is $50 billion for the industry. It's our tax money that is going to be funneled through the Department of Commerce and it's going to go to these corporations. I would imagine IBM would get a piece of it, but we don't know exactly who. The reason I think IBM is on the list is because they have been the sole source foundry for the Department of Defense for quite a while. And there is $2 billion specifically for the Department of Defense for microchip industry things. Development, yeah. So there's $50 billion there for that. And then there's a few billion more for research and development and education. So the research and development was quite clear for me that the idea is that our tax money will pay to essentially invent new tech that will be handed to the private sector. And so while there's billions appropriated, there's tens of billions of dollars authorized. So they would have to, in a future law, actually give out the money, but the permission slip has already been granted. So while this bill is valued at about, and it depends on who you ask, but it's like $60 billion-ish, the amount that has been appropriated for this industry is far more, or authorized as you say, is far more than that. So it's basically like $50 billion now for industry education and inventions, likely in the future, if the money is actually appropriated in future laws. Yeah. I've seen numbers around $170 billion for this stuff outside of just the $50 billion, right? That could go... How much in this act is about other tech? It's called the CHIPS Act, but it seems like a lot of it is not really about chip making itself. Funding winds, the vast majority of it is actually for the CHIPS because out of the stuff that is appropriated, $50 billion, and actually more than that, if you include the Defense Department and the State Department, all the money they get, that's specifically for CHIPS, but most of the law itself, like the pages of it, was authorizing these other programs and doing a lot of different kinds of educational programs that will flow money from the federal government to state and local governments, nonprofits, universities, and the private sector. And what I found really interesting is that that money which is authorized, which there is a difference. You authorize stuff and then the money is actually appropriated. They've done the first step, but the decision-making on that, they've created a lot of boards to actually hand out the money and the private sector has gotten a huge role in the seats on those boards. So really, industry has been given permission in certain ways to be directing where this research and development and education funding will eventually go. But this particular law, the money that's actually provided, most of it is for semiconductors. That's interesting. So if I have this right, the 52 billion number you see thrown around is money that is authorized. That's gonna be spent. The 170 billion... Appropriated. Appropriated, got it. Yes. The 170 billion is like, maybe we could set up a committee and they could go up to that amount or it's a little mushier. Yes, because there's two parts of government funding, so they authorized stuff first. So actually this 50 plus billion dollars that's going to the semiconductor industry was actually authorized years ago in a defense authorization. So the permission was already given. The second half of this law where, like I said, tens of billions of dollars authorized, but there's going to have to be a future law that actually hands out that money. Now, we are in a government funding cycle where we're funding our government improperly every year. There's supposed to be 12 separate bills that do this. They're funding it all at once and that is set to happen on December 16th. And when you have these massive government funding laws right before the holidays that no one reads, that's when a lot of this stuff can get appropriated because the price tag is so huge that it's not as obvious. So I think if they were to appropriate $170 billion in this chips lot, that would have been a much bigger scandal than the 50 billion they actually did and then the rest of the stuff they can kind of push out later. Yeah, or the stuff that they never intended to appropriate to begin with. They can make it look like they're going to, but whoopsie, we never funded it, so it doesn't actually exist. There's a difference between saying I'll write a check and write in the check. Yeah, exactly, exactly.  So it's like, they've said we will write this check for this money, but we still have to pass a law to determine who ultimately is going to get it. And that's just so how the government operates. It's very slow moving. Well, this one was a big fat check to the semiconductor industry. It's a done deal for the 50 billion. And I'll be honest, it certainly seems to have gotten the companies excited, so it's obviously had an effect.  But when I look at the numbers, as huge as 52 billion sounds to me personally, when I look at the fact that it's 20 billion to spend on shipmaking for IBM, 20 billion for Intel, and Intel has talked about spending 100 billion in Arizona, micron spending 100 billion. And knowing that that 52 billion has to get split up among multiple companies over five years, I don't know how much difference it really makes. I mean, it seems like it's spending a lot of money for us, and yet it's, was it really even that much money, was it necessary to get them to move their company? Or were they going to move it anyway? Well, I have my doubts that they were going to move it anyway because when they got the permission to labor shop around the world, in the 1990s they did. So the percentage of the industry that is controlled by so-called U.S. companies, although they're multinationals, but the so-called U.S. companies have always controlled between 40 and 50% of the market. What's changed though is the actual production of the chips. We now only produce 11%, because these companies went and built their foundries in places where they can pay people damn near nothing to make them. So I do think that giving them tax money and saying you can only spend this here because the vast majority of it it says in clear language this has to be spent building foundries inside the United States. You can't build foundries or even upgrade the ones you have overseas. By requiring that, then it makes them go like, we're going to invest somewhere and it has to be here. That is why I think they're choosing to do it here because they're going to have to pay at least a minimum wage to the people working here and they don't want to do that. That's not instinctual. So I do think that it's having the intended effect. So it's enough to entice them to do it and it's worth doing for the government because it locks them into keeping it here. That makes sense to me. The other question I have about this and this is less about what's actually in the CHIPS Act but the idea that we're going to make the CHIPS on US soil I think to a lot of people sounds like, oh so then they're done and the fact of the matter is CHIPS fabrication is just one part of the process. There's design, there's packaging, there's testing, there's assembly and especially when you're talking about packaging and assembly we're not moving those parts of the process over here. So these CHIPS that we're making in the US are still going to go on a boat somewhere else to get packaged and assembled. Yes they are. Hence our globalized system has some problems and that was always their justification for moving the foundries overseas like that that they would have the production at least close to one another. So if you had the CHIPS being made in Taiwan and then the testing being done in Korea it was all in the same neighborhood and so now there is going to be more international shipping going back and forth and nothing in this CHIPS law said you had to do any of that other stuff here in the States. So I looked at this law and saw it as being quite incomplete and that is a good point. That is one of the things that they left out along with any taxpayer return on investment which if you listen to my episode I rant and rave about that. We were required to like we don't get any profit sharing we don't get any cut of the companies like nothing it's just we give them the money and do what you want. And theoretically make tax revenue off of it. Theoretically sure. Theoretically yeah. Yeah go ahead Rob. I just want to say being here in Columbus you hear about what Intel is doing and the big news all the time is the taxpayers get nothing from this. It's like oh well people are going to have more jobs and therefore they'll pay more income tax they'll pay more property tax because it's not just the foundry I mean there are homes there are companies that are going to support Intel all of this stuff is being built and going out but it's kind of like well that's always the case people who work always pay taxes companies who have employees always pay taxes so how is that truly benefiting the taxpayers here in Ohio for subsidizing this massive development that they're about to do. I agree completely I came to the same conclusion and there was nothing in the law that requires them to stay 20 years from now so I mean just look at what happened to Detroit when they had an industry and then the industry pulled out and now the whole town was in trouble so there were not anywhere near the number of protections for the taxpayers and pretty much close to zero actually when I say nowhere near I'm trying to think of any and that was probably the most upsetting thing for me. I do believe in it being important to have a manufacturing industry here in the United States for self-sufficiency a lot of good reasons for it but we should get a return on that investment and I mean an actual financial return and there was nothing like that required so yeah I did feel the rage bubbles as I was reading it because of that I think if there are some good things in this act one of the good things is that it is certainly helping us diversify the supply chain one of the problems with the supply chain that became very apparent during COVID was yet with just with chips there were so many others but just with chips there were Taiwanese companies with all of their fabs in China and suddenly there was a backlog getting things out of China and so having a diversified system in my mind where you have some of every bit of the process fabrication packaging etc some of it in Taiwan some of it in Vietnam some of it in Korea Japan India Brazil and the United States and I'm and I'll just leave it there but other places as well Germany the Netherlands etc that's good make it so that if one part suffers a breakdown it doesn't bring the entire system to a halt I think that's a positive development out of that I agree and especially because so much of it was concentrated in Taiwan Taiwan's becoming a flashpoint for war things I mean there is a not zero chance that China could invade Taiwan and the foundries are on the coast that faces China so one of the reasons that there was urgency on this is that if there is a war those foundries could either be captured by China or they could be destroyed and so there is this urgency to prepare for that possibility and to move these this production so that the supply chain isn't so contrary concentrated in this one location not to mention a lot of those Taiwanese companies have foundries in mainland China as relations break down what would have been unthinkable 10 years ago nationalization of a plant and taking it away feels like something that's not necessarily impossible so you want to move things around for that reason too absolutely absolutely well Jen thank you so much again for going through all the hard work of reading these bills sharing your expertise if you haven't listened to the episode on the CHIPS Act a congressional dish definitely go do that but this is even one of the less interesting bills that you cover tell folks about some of the other stuff you do well yeah I read bills and laws but I also watch a lot of hearings and so even the hearings give me information like there was one about pet callers that I watched recently like there are pet callers the number one on the market the seresto flea and pet callers that are poisoning pets and they're doing nothing about it so it's congress is my window to the world and I just dig for these stories so I'm going to be working on the inflation reduction act because that's the biggest thing the democrats did but yeah I'm fascinated by what goes on in the halls of congress and so if you want to hear some stories that are not being reported and some details on bills and laws congressional dishes I think it's a pretty good place to go I agree congressional dish dot com you don't even have to agree with that I don't always agree with Jen but I always value your detail I always value your perspective and the work you put in and the information you bring me it's it's incredible so go check that out folks congressional dish dot com and as a bonus if you just like hearing Jen talk she sat down and talked about disaster with me on a word with Tom Merritt we had a great time talking about disaster movies games she plays with her husband to prepare for disasters so go check that out at a word podcast dot com as well a word podcast dot com and congressional dish dot com of course before we go Rob what you got going on these days not a whole lot just podcasting and talking about tech so you can check me out pretty much everywhere around the world at Rob Dunwood and also head over to the tech john dot com that is like my new baby just over a year old now and we are having so much fun talking about the weekly tech that comes up but talking about it from let's say a blacker perspective yeah exactly thanks to our brand new boss Dr. Mr. Esquire first of all great username second of all thank you for supporting us third of all just like Dr. Mr. Esquire you could be the star of the show tomorrow if you start back in us at patreon.com you can find out more at www.dtns.com patrons stick around we're going to talk more about all this stuff on good day internet you can also catch the show live Monday through Friday 4 p.m. eastern twenty hundred UTC find out more daily tech news show dot com slash live back tomorrow talking about the features you'll want in your next TV with Robert Herron and Len Peralta will be here too talk to you then this show is part of the frog pants network get more diamond club hopes you have enjoyed this program


Hi, everyone. It's Julie Stern, and I can't wait to return to Alberta in just a few weeks. On November 1st, I'll be in Edmonton doing a session on conceptual understanding and learning transfer for secondary teachers, targeted for secondary teachers. Everybody who comes is going to get a copy of Tools for Teaching, Conceptual Understanding that's targeted at the secondary level. I hope you'll leave refreshed and ready with practical strategies you can use right away in your classroom.


The Holy Spirit's use of symbols and of relationships, it's just designed to speed up the getting in touch with the anger and the rage and the hatred within. In other words, meditation is a very helpful, valuable technique and it can just seem to take years and years and many, many years of meditation. There's always those stories of the ones that have meditated for 10, 20 years out in the cave and then they get right back out in society and just completely lose it.  And so that's the Holy Spirit's use of relationship. It's like whatever was really pressed way down there, really, really pushed out of awareness like in a deep sense of amnesia. That's why the world was made that you would forget that anger and that rage and that hatred. That you would forget the ego, the maker of the world and get so caught up in the world itself, the projection that you would never go down and lift that cornerstone of terror, of anger, of rage. And so in one sense, you know, from the surface it doesn't seem like a blessing.  But it seems to be distracting me away from my shared purpose, the color in which I share, that joining, that connection. And that's where you really have faith in working with the Holy Spirit as he uses these relationships. Because, you know, it's like you can't just be content to kind of gaily glide along and then have these mysterious anger, fits of rage come up. It's like you really do need to get down to the core of that rage. You know, a line that I mentioned from the course over and over is Jesus saying, until you are willing to look upon the full extent of your own self-hatred, you will not be willing to let it go. What that means is, as long as you play games of denial, repression, distracting away from it, you know, as long as you aren't really willing to face it, to fully face it, it will still seem to run your life. You know, it will still seem to come up mysteriously at times and will just take away your peace of mind. So it's almost like the child that's having recurring nightmares until finally the child is told, next time you have that nightmare, turn around and look that monster in the eye.  And oftentimes children will report that when they do that, then the monster turns into a play friend or to something that's lovable. It was the not looking, it was the running from this unknown terror that kept the game of terror going. It was the turning and facing it directly head on that brought an end to the monster. And it's very much that way in the spiritual journey. So that actually when things seem to get triggered and that hatred gets triggered, you're just on the cusp of the healing release, you know, through that triggering. Instead of trying to affirm your way back to heaven or Nirvana, you're like saying, well I know that I won't ever experience that heaven as long as I still have some scraps of hatred that are still, you know, out of awareness.  And it just seems to be playing out in terms of this relationship. And from this new context, you can't help but feel gratitude. Like wow, I was making no headway at all with this rage and then you came along and changed everything. And in one sense that's where the gratitude can start to really authentically well up because it would be like being trapped in something and seeing no way out. And then suddenly this way out appears in a very unexpected way. In fact you say, this can't be the way out. But it actually is the way out. Because we can actually start to really get in touch with it through this Holy Spirit use of relationships. And the temptation oftentimes is like when he talks about the holy relationship and shifting from specialness to holiness that there's a temptation to get rid of your brother to just say, oh no, I don't need this. I'm going back to meditating. I just don't need this at all. It's really to not push away the gift but to say, oh thank you for this acceleration. This is allowing me to get more quickly to that reinterpretation and to stop hiding and repressing it.


Hi, this is Tracy Takahama Espinosa. Thanks for the opportunity to talk to you a little bit about mind-brain education and getting rid of neuro myths in teacher practices. Mental capacity is hereditary and cannot be changed by the environment or experience. Totally a myth, right? We know now that you are born with a set of genes and they can be potentiated based on your environment. So based on this balance of what you inherit and what you do with it, what your environment does is important. We have a real problem though with correlation and causation here because somebody who might be born into a certain socioeconomic situation, for example, and that fellow doesn't even graduate from high school, and then he has a kid who also doesn't graduate from high school. So we think that while that kid is inheriting that father's genes, maybe he's just inheriting his circumstances. He went to bad schools, nobody motivated him to go to college or whatever. It's not that his genes caused him to have that level of intelligence. It's actually the opportunities that were more influential there. So this is definitely a myth. Intelligence is fixed at birth and not fluid. Totally unsubstantiated. We know none of us would be in education if we actually believe this, right? Intelligence is fluid. It changes throughout the lifespan. Most people use about 10% of their brains. Not true, as we mentioned before, based on old technology. We used to think that. We used to say, get in the brain scanner. Okay, name all the animals you can think of that start with the letter D. Okay. And then we take this kind of a neuroimaging and we'd say, look, he's using 10% of his brain to do that. When it might have been 100% of what was necessary to say the word dog, right? So now that we can see throughout the whole process, it's not just in singular take, but it's over time, we can actually see how those networks work together to come up with that word dog. We can see that we're using a lot more than 10% of our brain. The left and right hemispheres of brain are separate systems for learning. Not true. Brain parts work in isolation from each other. Not true. It's not that you have like spatial abilities and creativity in one side and then logic and math in another. Just not true. Okay. That some people are more right brain and others are more left brain is not true. There's actually nothing that you do that only uses one of your hemispheres. Okay. Your brain will shrink if you don't drink six to eight glasses of water day. Okay.  You think, okay, that makes a lot of sense. It's just not true.  We store and make a memory of everything we see. Just not true. We store memories that we have paid attention to. So the combination of attention and memory leads to learning. But if you have not paid attention to something, you will not be able to store it in long-term memory. Drugs make holes in your brain. If this was used metaphorically, it's okay to give pep talks to kids about this. But there are some commercial ventures that literally sell people the idea that drugs are making holes in their brain. And they actually show, you know, doctored up pictures of holes in brains. Not true. Not true.  Individuals learn better when they receive information in the preferred learning styles, as we mentioned before. Not true. Used a lot to promote and sell products, but it's just not true. The theory of multiple intelligences is validated by neuroscientific research. No, it's not. Good old Howard Gardner even accepts. This is a psychological theory applied to education, but it's not validated by neuroscience. Okay.  It's important to repeat, to reinforce connections in the brain so that you can retrieve information quickly. But drilling all the time does not mean, that does not lead to more meaningful learning. It can lead to a type of mindless repetition of information, a mindless memorization of certain things. But it doesn't mean you know it. A squared plus B squared equals C squared. Okay. You can say that over and over again, you can memorize it, but it, and you can drill it until you remember the formula, but it doesn't mean you understand it. It doesn't mean you learned anything.  Unfortunately, we've put a lot of money, a lot of stock, into wanting to measure how people grow and learn. And unfortunately, they are not always the best measure of what people really know.