Hi friends, so we are going to see Yojana, October month 2022, the topics are geoscientific explorations, safeguarding oceans and water governance. So in that first article is geoscientific explorations. So in that first one is, so it is related to paragraph 1, paragraph 2, 3 and 4. So in paragraph 1 it speaks about Geological Survey of India, so it was established in the year of 1851. So they are responsible for geoscientific explorations in India. So we already see that here it was established by Britishers and the primary mandate, so mandate is given in paragraph 2, so mandate is nothing but their objective. So what is the primary objective of this organization is, one is to do the Geological Survey of India. So primary objective is toward Geological Survey. So Geological aspect is more about studying the earth and its basic rock types and all, that is a very basic understanding of Geological Survey and also focusing on explorations. So potential for explorations especially related to minerals. So this is the primary objective of Geological Survey of India, that is the mandate that is given in paragraph 2. So paragraph 3 focuses on natural resource assessment. So Geological Survey are also focusing on natural resource assessment and augmentation. So assessment is focused on, so where we got the natural resources in India in different parts of India. To give an example of natural resources, we know that for running an economy, industrial economy especially we need to have iron, steel, aluminium, all these are considered to be natural resources, coal, natural resources. So assessment is they will check across India where we have the pocket of this natural resources and how to augment, how to make sure that it is being used very effectively. So that is the aspect of Geological Survey of India and especially for public goods. So for public goods that is given in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4. So right now we can see that we have this in India, National Mineral Exploration Policy. So this is the recent one that is 2016. So this clearly indicates that, so in Indian government we have a policy for exploring minerals. So that minerals again it is related to running the economy of the country, either related to industrial economy or even minerals can also be exported. So that comes the importance of this mineral exploration. So this Geological Survey of India primarily focused on aiding this national mineral exploration policy. This policy focuses on pre-competitive baseline geoscientific data, geoscience data. So geoscience data and they are also responsible for geoscience data repository and also probe mineral deposits. So as per this mineral exploration policy, this is the primary focus is first they want to identify this baseline geoscience data. So pre-competitive means it is more about commercial aspect of exploration. Before that they need to have some scientific data where are the potentials for exploration is available and geoscience data repository is collection of all those data, it is collecting all the historical geoscience data right from 1851 we have the Geological Survey of India. So they are able to have this repository of data which can be effectively used to make some decisions on which how to explore minerals or where minerals are located or simply of saying this is like creating a big data in technical terms or technological terms also probing mineral deposits. So this is the primary focus of this paragraph 4. Next we go for next page paragraph 1, 2, 3. So in paragraph 1, Geological Survey of India is responsible for mapping, Pan India mapping. So they are doing Pan India mapping. So as a common individual or as a student in our school days, we are exposed to maps and most of this time this maps or either for physical map will be there, physical map consists of rivers, mountains, deserts and we have this administrative maps where India has been divided into different states, capitals. This is what we are exposed to apart from this a lot of other mapping is also done in the country and Geological Survey of India do certain mappings. For example, first one is National Geochemical mapping. So National Geochemical mapping. Next thing is National Aero Geophysical mapping and next we have systematic thematic mapping. So these are the different mapping created by Geological Survey of India which is effective used by various departments of Indian governments for their administrative activities. So these are the different mappings being done and so especially focusing on natural resources and geo-social issues. For example, these mappings are used for primarily natural resource explorations and geo-social issues, what is geo-social issues means for example landslide. But understanding the landslide of a region this mapping can be effectively used. So that is paragraph one. So paragraph two focuses on regarding this natural minerals. So augmentation of Geological Society, Geological Survey of India focusing on augmenting so natural minerals and cold resources and why this become more important is right now as part of GDP. When we say GDP, there are three major areas in GDP, owners, agriculture, industries and services. In that industrial sector we have mining as one sector. So right now this mining also contributes for economy. So right now augmenting natural minerals and cold resources is part of mining activity which drives the economy. So Geological Survey of India has a direct contribution to Indian economy by providing all the data for natural minerals mining and also for coal mining. Next thing is paragraph three speaks about. So especially this Geological Survey of India is a very active role in exploring, exploration of strategic and critical minerals. What is strategic and critical minerals means? These are the mineral resources which is more important for the country's economic well-being and also for the national security dimensions. So they have given list of strategic minerals like tungsten or molybdenum, nickel, lithium etc. So why they are called as strategic minerals means right now we know that NTAV world is driven based on technology especially information and communication technology where we have hardwares for it and the hardwares are majorly created through this technology through this minerals. That is the reason it is called as critical minerals and why it is called as strategic minerals is we know that right now the NTAV world we are right now governments creating a law for data protection all those things which is entirely based on the idea of technology and hardwares and all those things even to give a comparison Indian government ban Chinese SAPs because with data has been transferred to Chinese servers and hardwares play a major role in it. So that is the reason it is called as strategic minerals because right now the entire technological world is depend upon certain minerals and whoever controls the minerals controls the technological aspect of hardwares so that is the reason it is called strategic minerals. So these are the minerals which plays a major role in it and this exploration is done in collaboration with Geoscience of Australia Geoscience of Australia. So this is given in this page and next page paragraph 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, 6. So paragraph 1 speaks about this importance of so online core business integrated system so it is primarily focused on this geoinformatics the role of geological survey in geological survey of India in Geo-matics so geological survey of India in Geo-matics and right now they also created this bookish as a flagship means important flagship geospatial portal. So geological survey of India is not only related to mapping of India or collecting all this data they also creating a portal so which which is effectively used for providing the data to all other various other departments and right now we have this national geo this is all aspect of data sharing national so Geoscience data repository it is given in paragraph 2 so geological survey of India is responsible for having this repository of data collections so regarding data collections used by various other government departments so data repository is nothing but collection of data that is given in paragraph 2 whereas in paragraph 3 right now geological survey of India also play an important role in the geo social issues so that is an example given regarding this landslide hazards so geological survey of India and landslide hazards so where national landslide suspectibility mapping is being done national landslide susceptibility mapping so they are finding potential areas of landslide through this mapping and this this is done in 18 states and union territories 18 states and union territories and this being done in collaboration with that is given in paragraph 4 that is done in collaboration with British geological survey and this acts as a early warning mechanism so early warning mechanism for landslides so even though we say geological survey of India is a purely scientific organization but they have a direct impact on common man's life because they are doing a mapping of landslide potential areas which data can be shared with district administration where they act as early warning mechanism for the common man so that is there and paragraph 5 and right now also they are responsible for this system so geotic parameters this is regarding earthquakes so regarding earthquake also they play an very active role by sharing this data for that they have this global navigation satellite system which is used for crustal movement monitoring network so we can see the cross purpose usage of this navigation satellite also to effectively use for this earthquake monitoring and they have established this 35 stations of this across India where geological survey of India has played an active role so right now geological survey of India has an impact in controlling landslides positive impact and also regarding earthquake next paragraph 1 2 and 3 in paragraph 1 we can also say that geological survey of India also have an active role in climate change controlling of climate change so how they are able to do that thing is by studying glaciers so glaciers glaciers are considered to be the proxies of climate change what is proxies means to understand climate change if you want to take one aspect of the planet earth to understand us you need to study glaciers so that you can understand the climate change impact in our planet earth so that is the reason they are called as proxies without studying the entire planet earth we can study glaciers to understand what are the climate change impact that is the reason it is called as proxies and geological survey of India right from 1974 they are monitoring the glaciers so monitoring glaciers in India especially when you say glaciers means will be in Himalayan ecosystems Himalayan ecosystems then apart from this so they are also monitoring geological studies and they are also doing this so glacial studies so that is given in paragraph 2 so they are also doing so glacial studies in polar regions of Antarctica polar regions of Antarctica so polar regions of Antarctica especially focusing on climate change final ask paragraph so it is geological survey of India so promoting a platform that is central geological programming board so primary objective of this is more administrative dimensions that is to avoid duplications and wastage of resources so please understand geological studies done by a lot of other organizations to their requirements so right now based on this geological geological programming board as data is shared in this particular board so that other organization does not want to spend time on this they have given examples like central ministries PSUs and other institutions are doing it for example PSU is going to locate some important industries where they do a geological study for that they can use the data is already there so that is in want to waste their resources and duplicate the work so that is the primary aspect of central geological programming board so these are the information regarding geological survey of India and if there is any main questions regarding research institutions and how research institutions are helping in people's well-being all these information can be used and if there is any specific questions on geological aspect also this information can be used or all this information can be used as a single point in your answer writing for example if there is a question on how to control landslides or how to control earthquake all this scientific data is can be used saying that Indian government has already respond positive directions to minimize the impacts okay so next article is safeguarding oceans in that paragraph 1 so regarding safeguarding oceans that this paragraph says about the basic facts of importance of oceans and planet earth we say two-thirds of earth is surrounded by water surrounded by water and in that when you say water means oceans hold 96.5 96.5 percentage so point is two-third of the earth is water in that two-third of the earth 96 percentage or 96.5 percentage ocean remaining only we have reverse ponds and glaciers all this comes under the aspect of remaining remaining water or we call it as fresh waters and this is more important ocean is considered to be the most important for humankind we will see how it is more important so that is given in this first page paragraph 1 so paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 so in paragraph 1 so regarding this ocean study we have this national institute of oceanography so national institute of oceanography which is being located in Goa which is part of CSIR that is as a council for scientific and industrial research and is the most important organization to study oceans across the world and especially across India and recently they have this it is given in paragraph 2 so recently there is a project which called as RV Sindhu Sadhana so recently a research work is done so research work is done based on this particular name where 73 scientist went and studied the oceans based on this and all from national institute of oceanography and they started from Vizag port of India and covered the entire India 90 days and they have done research through a research vessel you know research vessel or research ship is being used for it the next thing is the primary objective of this is in this particular research that is given in paragraph 3 the primary objective of this research ship is RV Sindhu Sadhana marine research ship is to map genomic and proteomic diversity so diversity of Indian ocean so genomic and proteomic diversity of Indian ocean genomic is nothing but understanding the gene aspects of Indian ocean and proteomic will see that right now so that is paragraph 1 2 3 which speaks about what the term called proteomic means so they say proteomic is catalyst in biochemical reactions so biochemical reactions so every human body have biochemical reactions and simple as we eat food that converts into energy all this guy's called as biochemical reactions and proteomic act as a catalyst in it by studying this proteomic in Indian oceans they are able to understand the life cycle of animals in it so life stay life cycle of those constant part of it especially organisms and so which occurs in organism that survive in different ocean conditions this study of branch of biologists called as proteomics so whenever you study the role of protein especially proteomics is focused on protein so how they play a role in biochemical reactions of organisms in oceans that is called proteomic that is going to paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 apart from studying the scientific aspects of Indian ocean so they are also responsible to study this trace metals so trace metals are nothing but manganese cobalt iron nickel etc so which helps in the growth of organism so to understand how this metals play an active role in it so this also helps in understanding the mineral constants of the ocean and a second main objective is given in paragraph 3 so to unearth informations of this trace metal information of trace metal the next thing is paragraph 1 2 3 4 5 and 6 so in paragraph 1 so it is related to this deep ocean mission there is one of the recent mission of Indian government so where they want to explore Indian oceans in the deep ocean mission they say certain aspects basic facts that is 30 percentage of Indian population depend on oceans so there comes the reason for understanding ocean well because 30 percentage of Indian population depends upon ocean for their life livelihood social aspects and all those things and 2021 to 30 is celebrated as even decade of ocean science for sustainable development sustainable development so with this aspect government of India focusing on this deep ocean mission for 2030 so we need to establish a new India new India means a developed India by 2030 new dimensions for India where blue ocean economy comes into picture or blue economy comes into picture so what is blue economy means focusing more on in ocean as a source for economic well-being right now we are exploited our land resources for economic well-being right now we are exploited our human resource for economic well-being for example we have used service industries for our growth so next area for growth is we need to focus on ocean as another medium for growth and we have a target for economy 5 trillion 5 trillion economy we need to explore all new possibilities one is exploring oceans so by new India by 2030 blue economy should also be contributing to our well-being so that is the reason why we have this deep ocean mission in the deep ocean mission so primary focus is given in paragraph 3 what what Indian government is going to do one is developing technologies for deep sea mining so first one is deep sea mining so under deep ocean mission they are focusing on deep sea mining that is technological development and second point and thing is to focus on ocean climate change advisory services development of ocean climate change advisory services by understanding advisory services by understanding oceans third one is technology innovations for exploring deep sea biodiversity still we are not able to understand what are the organisms in the deep sea which has a positive impact on planet earth also in humankind so that is exploration also need to be done that is part of this deep sea ocean mission and next thing is deep ocean survey survey of oceans and finally maritime center so energy and freshwater from oceans so oceans has a potential for energy and freshwater and maritime center establishing maritime center for ocean biology so these are one of the important objective of deep ocean missions we have around six objectives starting from technology selection for deep sea mining to energy and freshwater usage of oceans surveying oceans always part of this deep ocean mission okay there's a new area where Indian system is exploring this paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 Samudrayan is a deep sea ocean expedition mission or submissible so developed by India so that was here in 2021 we went for this there's a technology a platform and it's a like a submarine which is being used to understand deep sea oceans so this is a technology few countries have and we have India has developed its own aspects so understand that ocean life okay that is there paragraph 5 and paragraph 6 speaks about what are the problems existing for oceans one is because of increasing human population and its impact on ocean increasing human population next biggest problem is tourism so tourism has an impact on a care system of oceans and industrial chemicals release of industrial chemicals the next thing is pollution this all results what we call it as there's a term called dead zone so right now in ocean there's a term called dead zone one of the reason is because of this aspect in this dead zone there's a vacuum of organism that is called dead zone so right now they say that dead zones are increasing in oceans there's a vacuum of bio diversity or a vacuum of organism in oceans called dead zone primary reason because of this this numbers are increasing in oceans right now okay so this given in the second news article third we go for water governance so paragraph one so regarding water governance paragraph one they have given a case study that is in kutch said kutch is a part of Gujarat but it's part of Gujarat and there was a mass migration of pastoral communities so these are communities depends upon cow goat for their livelihood and the grays across places they called as pastoral communities like Maldaris this name you can remember it Maldaris paragraph one and paragraph two so Maldaris have mass migration one of the major reason for this thing is lack of water so so lack of water or drought resulted in mass migration of Maldaris so this this is a case study can use it for your answer writing any questions regarding drought or impact of desertification all this you can use as an example how in Gujarat kutch region Maldaris as a pastoral counties went for mass migration they came out of that locality because lack of water that's given in paragraph one and paragraph two so they say about the importance of water so fresh water in India around 85 percentage is being consumed by agriculture purpose fresh water means take example of river water 85 percentage being consumed by agriculture so there comes the importance of how effectively to use water in agriculture so there comes the idea of this micro irrigation micro irrigation and participative irrigation management and there is even a tagline called per drop more crop this clearly shows how our Indian system is moving towards a new level of water governance so efficiently use water in agriculture because 85 percentage of fresh water goes to agriculture so that is going paragraph two so paragraph one paragraph two three so in paragraph one to show the importance of water right now in the year of 2019 ministry of Jalshakti was created ministry of Jalshakti was created by the present government and there also Jalshakti Abhyan so Jalshakti Abhyan was launched as a mission mode initiative this clearly shows the series seriousness of our government towards water governance and water conservation they created a new ministry and there was a mission mode program was focused on it and under this they primarily focused on water conservation so they focus on water conservation especially on 256 districts which are considered to be water stressed so right now in India we have 700 plus districts very close to 737 46 we have in India in that around 256 districts or 300 districts are considered to be water stressed and 256 very precise and for that they have created a specific program of this water conservation and they want to make this as a people's movement so this water conservation measure is not to be seen as a government's effort it should be more like a people movement that is Jain and Dolan so government they understood the way as excess of any program results in people's participation so they want to make this as a people moment okay next thing is paragraph two another major important aspect of water resources which we need to focus on river Ganga because that is a major water resources for entire India especially northern states literally depends upon river Ganges so for that we have this Namami Ganga program so especially focusing on regeneration of river Ganges and especially this focus on multi agency approach multi agency approach means to make Ganges revive it's not should be the photo of one particular government department should be a collective effort department that's called multi agency approach and they primarily focused on these major areas one is pollution abatement they want to control the pollution second one is improving ecology of Ganges next thing is strengthening people river contact because river Ganges is not seen only as a river or water resource it has a cultural significance also so that government was very keen to understand the interaction between the river and the people and also to make it more sustainable so that is the reason we have this people to work contact and research and knowledge and management so they focus on research of river Ganges and its conservation that is going paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 so we have this Jaljeevan mission primarily focused on supplying drinking water to supply tap water to families especially rural India paragraph 1 2 and 3 so in paragraph 1 regarding Jaljeevan mission it says that so by 2024 or rural home need to have tap water that's objective of this Jaljeevan mission and it's in partnership with state governments and creating assured water supply so state partnership is part of it and I should water supply because of taking drinking water to the rural homes has a lot of benefits on its health benefits where water plays a major role in health of the family and especially the most portable drinking water and the next thing is it relieves the stress of women because mostly women are the water collectors of any rural family they spend a lot of time on collecting waters if water is drinking water reaches to the family that helps women to spend a lot of time in skilled development and other aspect is and what water reaching a home also have a psychological impact it enhances the standard of living so that is the reason why government is very keen on this Jaljeevan mission especially rural aspect and this Jaljeevan mission is also focused on this village water and sanitation committee where it's a people driven and an entwined approach so there's nothing but empowering people through this village sanitation village water and sanitation committee and by this six lakh villages are being connected six lakh villages are being connected through this particular mission so on this particular Jaljeevan mission they focus on four aspect one is sustainable sources okay sustainable source of water sustainable source means throughout the year they need to have water and throughout the requirement of all season they need to have water and next thing is they focus on water supply so they create necessary infrastructure to reach water and gray water treatment it's a gray water treatment gray water treatment is primarily focused on reusable waters and next thing is operational maintenance this is all part of this Jaljeevan mission and finally paragraph 3 so right now in India they are having this national project on aquifer management one of the biggest programs in the world to focus on formulation aquifer management for sustainable use of groundwater primarily focus on groundwater usage so these are the points so where all we can use this information is regarding water governance especially we can say that rural development and the importance of water in the society or any essay topics on importance of water we can relate all these points and at the required answers in means okay thank you


Good morning, hi, so my name is Smita, I am from Vipro, so I am not sure how many of you understand what Vipro is, so I will just tell you what Vipro is, Vipro is a service integrator, we work across different verticals, we work across multiple customers across the geographies and we have a plethora of skills that we have people on, we have a skill base of 170,000 people, so that is a lot of us there and we work on anything from main frames to open stack, from VLSI to AppDev to ERP to, you name it we have it, so that is where we are and I will just set a context of why I am here, so last 2 years back there was a strategy meet and we kind of understood that there are a lot of customers who are actually looking to migrate to complete open source solution, so they want to migrate their entire enterprise into an open source based apps, so we are trying to see how do we fit in there, so how do Vipro with its expertise in a lot of customer applications, a lot of this thing, how do we make a mark in the open source world, so that is where the entire journey began and we wanted to, so there was one thing that we wanted to do, we wanted to make sure our developers are savvy with what is happening in the open source world and it required a different mindset for somebody to be in the open source world from a traditional custom app or a commercial product mindset, because here it was all about you getting to know, you understanding what is into, I mean you need to get into the product to understand how it works and then you make changes to it and then deliver it to the customer, it is not just about using it, we are typically very good in using the products that commercial vendors give us, we know how to customize them, we know how to exactly make it work, all that we know, but then when it comes to making something, I mean understanding the depth of a technology and then making it work, that is where we needed a change in mind shift in our developers mind, so why am I here, we want large enterprises like us who want to make such shifts to understand what we went through and then not do the same thing, so in the true open source spirit we want to share what we learned, we want the community to understand that people like us, big enterprises, we are actually watching, we are keen to get into this world, so there is a lot of support coming in and there are strengths that are there within us which you can leverage and then we want your help to make a mark to expand the community and we want our customers, large enterprises to understand that yes, Vipro has its skin in the game, we want to, we are trying to change, we are trying to adapt and then get you the best when it comes to open source, so that's the context, so now let's see what is happening in my enterprise, so the anybody who wants to learn something new, the learning path were like quite tough, people didn't know where to go to learn something that they have to learn, I mean if they are working in a technology, they typically get stuck with that same technology till the end of their life and they are like you are an IBM person, you get to learn maybe a bit of IBM here and there but then predominantly you are stuck to that same kind of a product and then to understand that we had technology silos within our organization, so for somebody to get trained on something totally different, just their passion, it was very difficult, the crisscrossing within our organization to learn something new, it was impossible for somebody to do it and when we moved to open source we knew that we can't force people to learn something, we can't force people to come to open stack, it has to be a passion which is driving them to come here because it's not about you driving a herd into open stack, open source and that kind of the mindset has to come from within, so we had to have a method by which we can actually let people find what their passion is and then let them continue in that, so that was the change, it was really tough for us to do that with the current way in which our learning and development was functioning and we had this cookie cutter, everybody if you want to learn something this is the way you do, you attend the training, there are three days of training that you do, then there is two days of hands on and you are done, you are the other boss, you know what to do, so traditionally what happens if you are actually training for a specific project makes sense, you attend this three days of training, two days of hands on, from the next day you are actually in the project doing the technology, it does work sometimes, yesterday it has worked and that's why we are such a big organization, but then here the problem that we were trying to address is slightly different, we're trying to get people to learn something which they are not currently working on, which is their passion, we just want them to understand it and then if possible if they are interested we want to guide them to that path, so this required a lot of continuous engagement with them, not just those three days and two days of hands on and it just didn't help when you have somebody coming from a totally different background, maybe from a web app background coming to learn OpenStack and someone with an AWS background coming to learn OpenStack, the approach that we need to take is totally different, it can't be a generic training that we can give to a lot of people, so we had to make these changes in our approach and what were we looking for, we were looking for people with extreme skills, we wanted people to be heavy lifters who can actually do things which normally a developer in Wipro doesn't do, so we are not into understanding how is this, we can put solutions together using multiple technologies, but then going deep into one technology and saying how does it work, so that's not we are used to, so we were trying to get people to a totally different paradigm altogether, so that required a lot of changes from our side and we were also looking at full stack developers, the bus word nowadays, so we want people to understand from web till deployment, from UX till performance and all the litters associated with any application deployment, so we wanted basically people who can juggle multiple things and then that also required us to enable them to be familiarized with those things, so these were the challenges that we had and this is what we were trying to address, so that sets the context, now comes this team, so that's where the story begins, so two years back we were a team of 10 people who were interested with this goal of making 10,000 developers within Wipro, open source developers, so this is a big thing, so and how did we go about, so that's what we are going to hear, so we wanted to have people with high fungibility, adaptability, so we wanted people to learn one thing today, do something tomorrow, at the same time be on the lookout for another technology on the next day, so it could be different technology domains, it could be different languages, we wanted polyglots all over, so the way the success would be defined is when we can actually create people who know how to learn, it's not about teaching them a technology, it's about teaching them how to learn a technology, so that was one of the goals that we had in mind when we embarked on this journey, so this we realized wouldn't come in with a traditional L and D kind of method where you have a central team which is actually trying to give training on technologies which you don't know, I mean today you know there is a there is react.js that is coming in and two days later you realize there is another JavaScript framework which has come, which has got, I mean you need to get your people skilled on that, so it makes it really difficult for a central team to give this kind of a mindset changed in the minds of developers, so what we came up with is something called a community based competency building, so we wanted to create a community within Wipro which is we call it inner sourcing community because we are still not there where we can open source all what we are doing, so we are trying to do something which is at least within Wipro we would share what we have, what we learned, so that is the kind of approach that we wanted to do, so we wanted to create an inner sourcing community within Wipro where we would open up all open source technologies and related avenues where they can get skilled on and then we wanted people who are passionate about things, passionate about these technologies to come and start exploring it and we knew that there will be people who are actually very passionate about skills, it is just that they did not have an avenue where they could learn it, so we wanted those experts to come from the technology, from the community, at the same time we also wanted the new learners, I mean who wanted to learn this technology to come in, so what we were trying to do was just being a platform where these two people would come together and collaborate and we wanted to see how this is going to work out, so that is what we tried doing, so this is two years back, so we had everything set up, we had a platform, we had a Drupal-based collaboration platform which we developed, we had GitLab at an enterprise level, we connected these two systems, so people could actually come and start learning together, collaborate, discuss and then also do projects together, so we had identified around 10 to 11 technologies where we wanted to focus, so we gave them, you can come and choose, it does not matter what your background was, what your division is, where you belong, where you are a senior developer, junior developer, architect manager, does not matter, you are free to choose what technology is there, you can come and choose. And there were learning paths created where people could actually do either, either choose from a self-study-based model or an online training or maybe even an instructor-led training, so we had all that set up. And then we thought in a month's time when we actually launched it, we had around 1000 people who came and said yes, we want to learn this and then there are a lot of people who came and self-declared their masters in the technology and we thought, yes, we have done, what is there? I mean we have a technology platform which enables people to collaborate, we have people who have come across and then telling that yes, we want to collaborate, 1000 in a month, okay, so 10,000 is not far along, so we are very good. And that is when we started realizing it just does not work that way. So we were trying to build things as we go, so it is not that we had the technologies that we were exploring were like pretty new, we did not have all the learning materials available and there is also the thing of how do we give hands-on training to people. So we had to have some sample projects in the technologies that we had and we had to also had some solutions so that people can actually move beyond the hello world and start doing things and then see some benefits associated with it. So we did not have all these things planned and ready, we were trying to build it as we go, so it was it was really difficult because somebody would come in and say I want to start learning it, we did not have everything that was required for them to start learning, it was difficult. So this is another cultural challenge that we faced where people were actually used to sitting down in a classroom understanding how somebody would give them a ABCD of technology and then teach them yes this is how it works and this is how in this scenario you can handle it and things like that. From that we were actually letting them lose into a world where they had to figure out by themselves, so they had to learn, they had to explore, they had to do sample assignments and then figure out how this technology works and that just did not go well with a lot of people because it was just difficult and people were actually looking for an easy way out in every method and then we see people dropping out of the community not coming regularly, not coming for our meetups, not coming for evangelization sessions, it was becoming a challenge. And then the other thing was being a large enterprise with a lot of security, we never allowed anybody to install anything beyond what they wanted to do for their work. So it was impossible to somebody to learn something new, it is they could at the best do it in a training environment where you have three days of training, you get an access to an environment and you are done with it. You do not have even if you have a will to learn, you do not have an environment where you can actually try hands on that is becoming a challenge. And then how do we do see all this is available I mean for any other developer who is not within a I mean like how you were asking in the previous session about a large enterprise, if you are not in a large enterprise these are simple things that are there available.  But then in the context of an enterprise where you have certain security considerations, where you want people to follow certain standards, it was it was becoming impossible for us to give them that flexibility of installing what they wanted. So, we were against this concept of standardizing things, we did not want to preach, we wanted to move away from the cookie cutter. But yes, there was no choice, we had to come to terms with things that yes, there were some standardizations that were required. So, what we tried was in the technologies that we had shortlisted, we actually picked up we created a dev environment. So, we said okay if you are going to do open stack then these are the things that are required and we pre-packaged that as an image and then we made it available in our infrastructure as a virtual box images. So, you can actually download a image or a doctor image. So, you can have that image and then only when you are actually trying to do a hands-on on that you bring up that image and then your system suddenly converts to something different. So, this is something that we tried across the enterprise and it this was made available at a centrally. So, we had to go to an extent where we say that okay, so some kind of provisioning we could do. So, you will be given access to an image that you want to try your hands-on. So, we were able to do that and then solve that infrastructure problem to certain extent. We also had to give them some broad guidelines on how do you traverse this path and become from a user to how to become a developer, how to contribute to open source and things like that. So, it was not like an academy so to say, but then we had to say that okay now first two weeks you try your hands on this and then three weeks you do this. So, a broad set of guidelines which would help people graduate slowly and then build their muscles on a skill of which they are not familiar with currently. So, a year down the line we had around we had two types of projects. One are projects which somebody has tried their hands on and they are opening it up as a proof of concept or a sample project which people could others can try their hands on. So, we call it assignments or training projects. So, we had around 100, 150 training projects which were actually which individuals coming into learner technology could start using them. We had 70 solutions that were getting built across the enterprise and being built in a community model. So, this is something very different because we are used to having people in a tied up in a center of excellence. So, that is what we call people who build solutions. So, there will be a center of excellence where there are three people who are trying to work on a solution. Now, we were able to work on getting around 70 of those projects out into the public so that anybody who is interested could start collaborating and that is that was one big thing for a developer who is not doing such I mean who does not get access to those solutions. So, they it is a privilege for them to start working for a solution. So, that way we were able to get a lot of projects. And then we were for each of those solutions we used to conduct different types of meetups we used to go the traditional open source community way we used to have a meetups where we will introduce the technology to them then we will give them there is a solution that we are trying to build and then we will have code sprints where we would invite them and then we will have a maybe a day where we say that we are going to attack this problem solve this and go on. So, we used to have things like that and the I mean it was a pretty successful thing at the end of it we thought yes we were there we had done and that is when we realized you know the intention that we started with we actually wanted to become a we wanted to create open source developers contributors and then what we were again creating is a traditional solution builders and people like that. So, it required the next change that we had to go through came there. So, we had to we had the same platform we had the same environment but then we changed our approach we were evangelizing all the time from that we actually moved on to a gamified approach where we said okay now you are in this technology you are trying to learn something different you are going to get I mean the perks are different you will get more points if you are in XYC in Java you learn OpenStack you get more points than you you have been always in infrastructure and you start learning OpenStack. So, we we tried getting people into into newer technologies and also we got them into participating in external communities and then having inviting communities to have meetups within our campuses. So, our developers get to see how actually a community works and what makes them what makes them stick to the community and contribute and it is also about it it is it is easy to I mean how do you make them cross hurdles each hurdle. So, when you have a community meetup in our premise it was easy for us to tell them okay now can you explain how this how this community what is the ways of this community. So, it it made it easier for us to take that approach we also had around 100 people who had started contributing to different open source projects across the spectrum we have around 20 who have contributed to OpenStack from our company now. So, it is around Manila, Neutron and so some of the products we have started contributing. So, it is it was about getting these communities come to our premises and then hand holding them that helped us and then we had some of these contributors in turn mentoring the next. So, as we are saying we have around 100 people who are contributing to open source that is a long way from the 10000 that we are intending to go but then it is not that we want all those 10000 to start contributing but then they should be in a position to deliver solutions using open source technologies. So, this is the current statistics so to say if you in my organization. So, we have around 10 different open source products that we are focusing on and then we have the numbers around them shows the number of people who are actually contributing something within our organization. So, they are not necessarily outside but then they are either in different step of in different stages of learning and becoming developers in those particular products. And in the last 6 months we have also launched 3 open source projects. So, this is something which which was like it is it is our internal solutions. So, we want to bring it to the open and then see how the community is reacting to it. One is these are in the area of open source so we want to tell our customers also that yes so what whatever solutions we are building we are actually open sourcing them and so one is in the big data area and the other the third one is a infrastructure monitoring system and the second one is actually it is intended for developers. So, if you want to try your hands on open source technologies maybe this is the place you start with. So, this is something which we are using to get a lot of developers into our organization. So, as we stand today what has happened in our organization is this model the success that it has brought in we are actually trying to do the same way of community based talent development in other technologies as well. So, we have opened it for even an SAP or a Microsoft and things like that and then trying to create those communities within our within our enterprise and then having collaborative development in those technologies also. So, that is the current stage in which we are in. So, if you have to see the evolution of this journey. So, we started as a company which was like very very siloed we had traditional way of approaching learning from there we had to come to a community based approach where it is like a potluck. So, whatever you have you bring it to the table and then you see how it is of use to the others and then from there we had a we had a transformation where we are making people into contributors. So, that is pretty much what I had to cover if there are any questions. So, you said there are around 100 contributors. So, what percentage of the time is dedicated to contributing to open source that is my first question and the second question I have is from a pro business point of view what is a business justification for people to contribute to open source. Okay, these contributions happen voluntarily. So, it is not that we are giving them a percentage of time where they can actually contribute. So, most of it I mean it could be that I would say maybe a day in a week is what is what is going in. Yeah, 20 percent, but then it is it is I mean they are not I mean I assume you are from a similar background. So, you you kind of understand. So, it is not that they are not in a billable role they have to work that 40 hours whatever is required for the customers, but then this comes as the perks of contributing to open source is something different. So, we reward them differently for the contributions that they are making. So, that is that gamified approach that I was talking about. So, in the community they get a different stature they get reward points accumulated. So, that that is how the contribution works. Business justification. So, I understand the 80-20 ratio that you have for contributing to open source, but let us say when you have 10,000 developers right which your goal is. So, when you say in the organization that hey we want to have 10,000 developers contribute to open source. What do the execs say right? What is the business specification? Why should Vipro as a business contribute to open source? Yeah. So, see open source as a I mean it is a different play altogether right. It is not like when when we we wanted to be called the trusted advisors for our customers. So, when we go and say an open source technology we propose that as the best to a customer. Customer would definitely is going to ask ok how do you know? How do you know this is the best? So, it makes sense for us to say that yes we have 100 developers who are working on that we know in and out of it and we vouch for this. So, it is like a guarantee that we are giving. So, where we say that yes our our developers are putting time and effort into it and then we know this is the best. So, that is kind of why we are in this game. So, the way we are putting it is from a developer it is they are getting the advantage of getting into I mean the traditional development and that kind of a developer is dying. You will have to get on to a place where you can actually learn new things pretty fast and then start developing it to yourself if not at least understand what somebody else is doing and contribute to it. So, from a developer perspective yes that is the path we ask them to take and from a business perspective makes sense for us to have those people contribute to these technologies.  You had a question. So, you guys were targeting a number of different open source communities. Was there one specifically that you found developers were having a large trouble breaking into or contributing to and also how to maybe open stack compared to the other open source communities. Open stack was a tough one. We had we did have a lot of trouble getting into it but then the community was very supportive. We had a number of meetups which were held within our campus where people were taken through steps and the processes where I would say from an open stack perspective processes are pretty neatly laid out. So, that made it easier but then the technology per se was complicated. Do you guys have people from like ops backgrounds going into wanting to get into development? Yes. What's the criteria for that? Do people just have to send an email to somebody or do they have to take a test or what? Yeah, so it is see a lot of our people are actually in the ops background they know how to deploy they know how to do it but then they would not know how to get onto it. So, that is where we were trying to see if the individual has a passion of learning something. So, there are no prerequisites. So, you come in with what you have and then you say okay now there are all these things you need to learn to get to the next level.  So, once you have come to a stage where you can actually start contributing to an internal solution that is when you will start recognized as a developer. So, and then it depends on you whether you want to stay with ops or you want to move to developer. I was wondering how your gamified approach has worked for you guys because we kind of ran into an issue where people almost became intimidated by the fact that you know like we were essentially ranking them in a way when in reality we were just trying to kind of get them to jump into the community. So, I was wondering what kind of experience you had with that. Yeah, we actually don't rank them. So, we had a leaderboard initially then we didn't pursue with that leaderboard approach because it just didn't make sense. So, it was about okay so how many points are you getting? So, we just there were different levels. So, we call them starters movers flyers and things like that. So, you say that in this technology you are at this level and then in another technology you may be at a different level altogether. But then if you have like a plethora of technologies where from where you are gathering points you consider different I mean because you are a polyglot or whatever. So, it was only about that person and how that person has been the previous day to the current day. So, we never tried comparing them with another. Hi, I have a question because inner source is defined as bringing open source policies into the company and then you are also detailing how developers are participating in specific open source projects. So, my question is how are you measuring how successful is this idea of inner source within the company? So, are you having metrics like mentorship or I mean you should probably have something like silos of developers and you want to break this right. Yeah. So, that is the number of solutions that I was talking about. So, typically units would have their own developers who are actually doing these solutions. So, the number of solutions that we were able to bring to the open. So, that is that is our metric and we have a metric for every quarter how do you improve these numbers and the number of units that you are attracting to this model. So, that is what we track. So, the number of solutions that are Ron and the inner sourcing model. I am interested and I understand that you are a consulting company. So, yeah. So, it would be clear why people would be self-motivated to develop the new skills and improve their careers and so forth. One of the things I am wondering is how did you assess their skill levels because I am sure you would in turn be looking to place them with customers and things and determining what rates you should charge and so forth. I mean how do you assess how do you assess people's progress and competency and so forth. So, that is a difficult thing because the traditional way of assessment is all around taking a test and seeing whether you have scored in the test or not. We did not want to go that way. So, we have actually taken the points that they get from the community contribution, from the inner sourcing contributions. The same points that we use for the gamification, the same points are what determines what a person is. So, that is what we are using. It does not necessarily translate to our billing rates or anything, but then that just tells how good the person is in the technology. So, it could be due to I mean he contributed to a wiki or he added a blog, he answered a question or he did a bug fix. It could be anything, but then he gathered so many points just says that he is good in that. So, if there are no questions, thank you.