ni a ddwych am wneud hyni yn lleio ar y dyfodol yr oed... ..og hynny'n cyffredinol i wneud hyn i'r hyn a'r newid erbyn gwneud arall... ..y hoffio ar yr hynny, lleio ar yr hyn a'r newid erbyn safoddd cyntafhau collection. Dechrau'r penolol â gwwlaeth wedi bod yn gweithgiwch yng Nghymru. Cymru wedi cael ei wneud â ydwr. Cymru roedd yn fynd nhw'n gwneud ar gyfer i'r rhywbeth, y bydd oedd y gwaith yn y bydd yn meddwyr gynghetaeth. Ond dyma'r Algherwyddor phaeth. A'r rhaid i chi'n fydd am fyddai rhaid i'r rhagorau, yma, oherwydd i chi'n ddweud am y gallwn y cyfrindig, a'r rhagorau arall, i chi'n ddod i'r rhagorau arall a'r rhagorau arall. Rhaid i chi'n ddweud am y rhagorau yn Brithym yn y rhaid i chi'n meddwl. Yr rhagorau hyn yn gallu ei wneud o'r rhagorau arall? Rhaid i chi'n ddweud i chi'n ddweud am gyfnodig yma. yw'r oedd yn gwybod, yn ystod o'r sgol, rydyn ni'n ddysigion gwybod yna yn fwy o'r ysgrifennu yma, yna phobl yma, oherwydd mae'n ei ystyried. Rydyn ni'n ffordd y gallwch chi yn cyffredig o'r pethau yma, yn ymgyrch chi'n mynd i gael ei gael i'ch hyn o wneud o'r syddau i'r oedd. Rossall wedyn yn rhan o'n panesol o'r ysgrifennu yn 1925. Rydyn ni wedyn yn ymgyrchu'r ysgrifennu, yng nghymru yn cael ei ddweud o'r rhan o'i rhan o'r llunio. Felly, mae'r rhwng yn 1943-1945 o'r cyrraedd yr Eurich Arddurol Yng Nghymru. Yn hynny, mae'n fawr o'r cyrraedd yn cynfer yng nghyrch, mae'r cyrraedd rhan o'r cyrraedd yn cyrraedd, a fydd yw'r pethau yn y rhan o'r llunio'r llunio'r llunio, a'n hynny mae'n rhan o'r cyrraedd o'r llunio'r llunio'r llunio'r llunio. yna 68, mae periad diweddio i London yng nghymru, mae gennymddol y byddiw'r first full length novel, The M Aixòid His Child, yn gynghoran gw Johnson, ychydig ychydig, felly iawn yn gwleidio ar y ffilm Peter in the Voices, o Peter Eustonof ac Floris Leechman. Yr ffordd anent hynny y novel, y linell dadw y byw, J-Chin ac J-Cin Bywb drws gael y modd 1973 ac many môr ffaithian. Ridlee Walker, ryddw i'n gweithio y 1980, dim yn yw gennymd gwellith ar gyfer oes. yma'r dyw'r ysgol yn y Llyfrgell, ac yn gyntafol yn gynnal i gweithio.  Rwy'n gwneud o'r ddechrau, rysyn rydyn ni'n gwneud yma'r llwyffaeth yn y llwyffaeth yn y bwysigol yn y gweithwyr, ac yn y bwysigol yn y llwyffaeth ar y llwyffaeth yma. Mae'r llwyffaeth yn y bwysigol yn y bwysigol yn y bwysigol. Rhyddli Walker rydyn nhw'n dod o'r cymdeithasol ar y cwyrdd mewn cyfnod. Peter Carey oedd y gwneud y worker genius, y cwyrdd yn ystod panfodol a lexicon yn y môn o'r ysgawdd yn y dyfodol 40 yma. Harold Bloom yn ymgyrch ar y cymdeithasol y Llyfrgell Llyfrgell, canoedd y Nesaf, ac Anthony Burgess yn ymddi'r rwyf yn ymddi'r llyfrgell yn ymddi. Rhyw ymddi'r gweithio'r rhannu oedd ymddi'r rhannu oherwydd mae'n gwybodol ysgol ar y cyfeithio ar y cyfnod. While we know that the language of English takes the story of the English language as documented over in the main exhibition in the British Library of Old English which has been published in English which is one language in many of our voices, we treat the story up to the present day across a thousand years. Russell takes it into far, far, far possible future. Will Self is normally also a normally also has been called original strange and probably cult as well. A chael rydyn ni dod i dechrau i gael gwiriaith ac ar Tynni, ac yn ei cynill i ddim iawn i'ch gwiriaith iawn wrthOD yn ynnu i'ch gael gwiriaith. Rydyn ni'n ei ddim yn gyfieithio cymaintol i wrthod digwydd â'u Cynlluniaeth 2002 diolch. A rydyn ni'n ddysgu fynd ni yn ei ddiweddod â'r gweinydd arno gydag weithio i ddau'i gael gweithydd a grolgo i rusti ar gynnwys gyr 때�dd.  Felly yna mor hyn yn edrych bod bod ni'n sefydlu tynnu gwrdd rhesymyn y ffordd yw'r nobl ar gwybod, a dyf yn gallu'r rhesymyn mynd yn bydd o'r gwrdd. Felly mae ac yn hawlol oherwydd rhesymyn y ffordd ac mae'n rhesymyn'r gwrdd oherwydd eich gwrdd oherwydd mae'n hynny'n ddweud yn gyfod. Mae'r llwyr yn yw'r cyfeirio gwybodaeth sy'n gyffredig yn ymwyno'r lleidio'r lleidio. Fy hwnna'r lleidio'r lleidio'r lleidio, ond mae'n ystafell yna yn ymddangos i'r cyd-draes o'r ffordd. Felly mae'r llwyddoedd yn gweithio'r lleidio'r lleidio gyda'r lleidio. Felly mae hi'n gweld yn gwybodaeth. Mae'r lleidio yn ymddangos i'r lleidio. Felly mae'n ymddangos i'r lleidio, ond mae hi'n gwybodaeth. Yn rhai, maen nhw'n gwybod sy'n gweld ysrachol ar yr ubyn ni yn ddibigwyd i'r pwyd. Mae ydw i mewn ys lui, mae'n meddwl i'r pwyd yn ffawr, mae'n fawr i'r pwyd yn ei wneud, mae'n gweld i'r pwyd yn ei ddadfodol, ac mae'n gwneud yn ffocws chi o'r wrthod arnyn nhw'n wcrawl, ac mae'n fawr i'n roi sy'n bwysigol i gweithio i y fathwr ac e'n gweld i'n credu'r todayl. But now I have read the novel four times. I have read it the fourth time over the weekend. I was absolutely stunned again by it. Emotionally disturbed by it. Perhaps I have become emotionally laboured as I get older. But I have found it more disturbing emotionally than on any of the previous readings. I think you wanted to have some readings. Should I maybe start with one of those? Roselett asked me to read a passage. I said to me just now, you will'e of course be reading it in the portentish accent. Some 2,000 years in the future. Rydli Walker, part of the wood. There is in the heart of the wood in the Yusa story. That were a stag, everyone knows that. There is in the heart of the wood, meaning the various deep of it. That's another thing. There is the heart of the wood where they burn the charred coal. That's another thing, again, innit? That's another thing, burning the charred coal in the heart of the wood. That's what they call the stack of wood, you see? The stack of wood in the shape they do it for charred coal burning. Why do they call it the heart though? That's what this year's story tells of. Everyone knows about bad time and what come after. Bad time first and bad times after. Not many come through it alive. There come a man and a woman and a child out of a burning town they sheltered in the woodlings and foraging the best they could. Starveling they were, what they were doing. Didn't have no weapons nor didn't know now how to make a snare nor nothing. Snow on the ground and a grey sky overing and the black trees rubbing their branches in the wind. Grows calling one to another, waiting for the three of them to drop. The man, the woman and the child digging through the snow they were eating moss and dead leaves which they vomited them up again. Freeze in cold they were, nor didn't have nothing to make a fire with to get warm. Starveling they were and near come to the end of their strength.   The man didn't have no way of making a fire. He didn't have no flint and steel nor nothing. Wood all round them. Only there weren't no way he know it of getting warm from it. The three of them ready for auntie. They were ready to total and done. When there come through the woodlings, a clever looking bloke and singing a little song to his cell. My rodings been so hungry. I've grown so very thin. I've got a little cook pot but nothing to put in. The man and the woman said to the clever looking bloke, do you know how to make fire? The clever looking bloke said, oh yes. If I know anything, I know that right enough. Fire is my middle name you might say. The man and the woman said, would you make a little fire then? We are freezing of the cold. The clever looking bloke said, that for you what for me? The man and the woman said, what do we have for waffras? They look at one to the other and both at the child. The clever looking bloke said, I'll tell you what I'll do. I will share my fire and my cook pot with if you'll share what to put in the pot. He were looking at the child. The man and the woman thought, two out of three alive is better than three dead. And they said, done.  The clever looking bloke said, I'll show you how to make fire. Plus, I'll give you flint and steel and makings. Nor you don't have to share with me nothing of the meat, only the heart. Which he made the fire then and gave them the flint and steel and makings. Then he cooked the heart of the child and ate it. The clever looking bloke said, cleverness is gone now, but little by little it'll come back. The iron will come back again one day and when the iron comes back they will burn charcoal in the heart of the wood and when they burn the charcoal their stat will be in the shape of the heart of the child. Off he gone then singing, seed of the little, seed of the wild, seed of the burning is heart of the child.  They made their fire bigger and bigger trying to keep the black from moving in on them.  They burned to death. They bend the old ones or you might say the old ones and become charred coal. That's why they'll tell you that the elder tree is best for charring coal. Sometimes you'll hear of an elder kinsher he carries off children. Out goes the candle, out goes the light, out goes my story and so, good night. In your afterward to the book Russell you described this trip to Canterbury Cathedral and seeing the mural of St Eustace's story being a kind of epithanic moment when the book started to come to you. Is that true? It is true and I often try to describe the process and I'll be repeating myself as I have in various media it's a matter of being friends with your head and my head has a way of keeping things reservoir of ideas waiting to hook up with whatever they want to hook up with and so it happened that when I was looking at this 15th century painting of St Eustace that my mind jumped to a series of articles by Edmund Wilson of the New Yorker magazine about Punch and Judy puppeteers the men who make the puppets and perform with them and these things hooked up in that particular way and I had the beginning of Rindy Walker where I tell her puppeteers propagate the policies of such a government as there is at his time. I spoke what surprises people and to some extent even surprises me is that there's nothing programmatic about this you didn't think to yourself when we're talking about the early 1970s a time when the United States and the Soviet Union were in a position of mutually assured destruction it had been ten years or so since the Cuban missile crisis but you weren't thinking to yourself I need to write a post apocalyptic novel to warn people about the follies of nuclear war there was no element of that in your thinking writing novels with a message I dare to say although I'm sure there are examples to prove me wrong is a sure road to disaster I think you have to write with what I think the best writing is done with what enters you and takes possession of you and doesn't let go of you until you get the job done but this vision of the post apocalyptic world in Ridley Walker feels so highly achieved and did it take an enormous effort to create it again in the notes in my edition I was just reading from you described how when you started writing it it was still in a relatively standard English but quite soon it shifted into Ridley Speak almost immediately shifted into Ridley Speak and I went with it I trusted my gut feeling about it and I kept lists of the new words that I was putting into it and occasionally I would have to go back and bring the new words into where they belong and the thing about Ridley Speak is that I didn't calculate it as such but what it does technically is make the reader slow down to Ridley's rate of perception so technically it's a good device I agree but also it seems to me to rub away at the present and create a sense of deep time in and of itself so while this is a language of the distant future it also seems to be a language of the distant past at the same time I think it does some people have compared it to Middle English so again I have to charge that to inspiration which is a tired out and overused and now almost meaningless word but I think that it came to me to do the thing as I did it and I can't quote it for a Bayesian Ralph Waldo Emerson said something about a channel of public energy that a man can tune into and when I was working on Ridley Walker any particular idea channel I found was fed by tributaries of ideas that I didn't know the existence of they just fed into it I mean I'm not making this as a critical remark it's a fairly long process right here it took me about four years to ride the boat it took me five and a half years and in the first two years excuse me I have to put some more in the first two years I had 500 pages but they weren't in they were concentrated enough and they were spread over too much geography and so I started again this time I boiled it down to 200 and something pages and that's where I went with to what extent I mean you had come to live in England in the late 1960s that trip to Canterbury the exposure to the murals in the early 1970s to what extent do you think coming to live here was implicated in the inspiration of the novel I mean it's in a way a ludicrous counterfactual having written it in the United States no, I'm trying to track back to the beginnings of it well first of all I came to this country because of an obsession with British ghost stories with M.R. James, Cheryl of the New, Algevon of Blackwood, Arthur Macdon and I wanted to spend some time living in London that had figured in those stories and being here I opened myself to the ethos of English storytelling I don't know, I've never said this before I don't know if it rings true or not but anyhow that's what I'm saying now and when the time came for Ridley Walker it was entering I finished Terminal Diary in 1974 and one of the things that helped to get me started with Ridley Walker was a story by Gerald Kirsh called Voices of the Dust of Anon in which an explorer in the future falls through the ruins of what used to be London and finds himself living in some very small people who dress in rapskinns and hunt rats and live on them and they sing corrupted versions of songs like Balasamo, Balasamo and Oopryo Karabin and that intrigued me and I felt like falling around with language that way so that was one of the elements that came into it and I don't remember whether there was anything else that was a starter that made me go from Terminal Diary to Ridley Walker except when I visited Canterbury Cathedral I stood in that name and looked up at this numinous fanbolting and I could feel the uprush of all these centuries of hopes and fears and aspiration and hopes for salvation and something like that takes hold of you and then I walked up those steps and as the place where Beckett was murdered they remembered blood shall sieve some of those stones and got to the North Island and found this painting of St Eustis on this side of the wall was the original painting faded almost to nothing earth green faint tracer on this side was Professor Tristan's reconstruction with the story and from bottom to top we saw how Eustis, who was a commander of horse in the Roman army saw Christ crucified in the Amazon stag and he immediately was converted and set off on a pilgrimage his wife is taken off by pirates he was crossing a river with his two little sons got one son to the farther bank came back to the other when the wolf carried off the one son and aligned the other and Eustis in the middle of the river trefying water and hoping for better times and my life at that time was such that I identified with Eustis and when all came there Eustis of course came to he's an apocryphal saint so he lends himself well to fiction and he and his wife and children ended up being roasted alive in a brazen bull so it wasn't a good trip for him altogether but it got me started on quite an interesting trip One of the very powerful, many powerful and affecting aspects of the novel for me is the way that Ridley and the people of his period conflict their sort of scumbled half-forgotten, orally transmitted memories of Christianity with the cultural memory of science and the power of science and this is very moving so the user story conflates elements of atomic fiction with Christianity and again was this I realise I'm well prepared to be not back on this but was there an intellectual element to you devising this syncretism or was it again a question of inspiration that occurred to you that that's what it would be like? I plead innocent to the charge of intellectuality Do you have any support? I fly completely by the seat of my pants and I write with what comes to me and when Eustis confronts the little shining man, the album and pulls him apart like he was a chicken that's just the way the story came to me There are some elements in Ridley's world though that again ring completely authentic and seem very much what one would expect but again I wondered how they occurred to you for start Ridley's 12, it's been as the book starts with his naming day he's 12 years old and it's a culture in which a 12 year old boy is a man and so one assumes that lifespan is relatively short he's already sexually active at this age the other thing and I don't know where he's remarked on this before he moves incredibly fast when he's rogim around post apocalyptic Kent he seems to cover anything up to 40 or 50 miles a night Charles Dickens will now walk he will do the 25 mile walks and come home and write 50 letters Ridley's walking is confident in his culture So it's an expression of the kind of energy and the vitality Good party says to him Ridley you're a mover I wouldn't have to do nothing but maybe you keep moving you'd get everything done I wondered I mean I don't know much about you biographically apart from what's in the public domain but you served with the US Army during the Second War you must have seen some things as they say I wonder how much that informed your post apocalyptic vision of a society where life is extremely cheap I don't know I never fired a shot in anger but I was shot at and I saw a lot of dead bodies turning various colours and bloating and certainly that goes into the consciousness having been equated with death at first hand Because you write about it or Ridley through Ridley you write about it in a way that in some ways seems to have no effect at all but in other ways is of course highly emotionally coloured and it struck me that Ridley's world is a kind of a war zone Yes it is It's full of danger from all sides and with danger threatening from abroad too in the form of what they call firing secret trires making us for the one little one Was it the again it seemed to me again the logical way in creating Ridley's world would have been for it to be an oral culture and it does have many elements of what you expect in oral culture to be like a concentration on and what people can hold in their minds and yet Ridley is illiterate Was that just necessary in order for the book itself to exist well I mean Ridley can write and it is a illiterate culture that confused me in a way and yet in another way it seems in keeping with the kind of otherness of this world that it should be a illiterate culture Well I'm trying to remember whether I wrote that or connection then can read and write I think they could and certainly the people who govern the country at the round were illiterate well the book couldn't have existed without Ridley's being illiterate No no I know you would have had to find some other framing mechanism in order to convey his narrative but again I'm not saying on the country I think it's one of the marvellous things about the book that it is a world entire that is kind of believable in that way and isn't exactly constant it's not just like an Iron Age culture in that way I mean did you look at things like ancient history and prehistory and things like that before you began writing I started my first attempt was written into standard English and it had Ridley as a kind of anthropologist a kind of men's apolitist who was interested in his culture and I remember looking up some words and I think phainites and I went down that road very briefly and then tossed it out of the window and I did what I did in Clownside where instead of reading medical dictionaries I made up my own names for things so that he was... the hypoxies so that's when I... in Clownside though that invented medical dictionaries I remember very well is simultaneously funny and very disturbing at the same time the most unsettling beginning to occur but there's a different kind of tension or a different kind of access in Ridley's speech isn't there I mean when I was introducing it I was saying how intense the emotional it made me feel as a book, very sad, very lonely very intense about people in that way, was that your experience in writing it? Was it... Yes, his... his language is emotional and I felt it when I was writing there was a point when Ridley and I both wept when I was writing the book and that's when after a good parlor and Grancer have blown themselves up this black dog the black leader of the Burgdorff pack who is his constant companion this dog looks like death on four legs and has yellow eyes and he just knows that to Ridley's hand and wants to be petted and Ridley says that's when I cried for the dead and that's when I cried when I wrote it so that I didn't live that book as I wrote it There's a sense isn't there that all of Ridley's feeling is sort of post-traumatic in the way that he cannot allow himself to respond to his father's death at the beginning of the book he just shifts from one man to another and to begin with you think hang on a minute you can't now suddenly be liking good parlor you've gone for the listener then you go for good parlor then Belmock Fist and so on and yet isn't that about him trying to deal with the loss of his father in some way? The loss of brutal water in Witterstump has a profound effect on Ridley and he is, you know, they said goodbye to Bruder on the bye-bye hunt and they sung past the sorrow of galaxies and flaming nebulae he's seething inside and he is just about ready to go when in the digging at Witterstump he reaches down into the muck and comes up with this blackened figure of punch and Belmock this says, here give me that and Ridley pulls him into the muck and leaves him with his legs sticking up and goes over the fence and you could read Shall I read that? Shall I do it also in my immaculate? Shall I do it in my immaculate future? Absolutely immaculate. Ridley Walker I put my hand in the muck and I reach it down and come up with something it were a show figure like the ones in the user show wooden head and hands and the rest of it cloth all of it gone black and show man's hands still in it cut off just a little way of the rest a grown-up hand and a regular show man he'd been because when I wipe it off you could see the callus on my head finger same as all the user show me now this ear figure though it weren't like no other figure I ever seen it were crooked had a hump on it's back and parpe a soap there in the cloth for a while I couldn't think what it might be then when it come to me what it were I couldn't hardly believe it yet there it were nor no mistake in it it were a hump and it weren't meant to be a hump it weren't like no other head I ever seen in a show neither the face had a big nose would hook it down and a big chin would hook it up and a smiling mouth some kind of little pointy hat on the head curve it over with a wagger on the end of it I'd been so interested in the figure and the dead hand I hadn't been taking no notice of no one round me I look it up and I remember that little whitey bloke bell not fist standing by the hole and his little pinky eye on me I felt like making a bad luck go away sign fist says what's that you've got there I didn't say nothing we weren't allowed to keep nothing we found in the digging sometimes they used to search us though not always he says you best answer me I said what's that you've got there I said why do you have a look for yourself he says alright I will then give it a ear he come to the edge of the hole and stuck out his hand I put the figure and the dead hand in my pocket then quick I grab it fist's hand in both of mine and whirl it round fast and slung him over my shoulder head head first into the muck I couldn't do nothing else to save my life out the corner of my eye I see his feet sticking up out of the muck and kicking and chalk a marchman the first man of the digging coming after me I up it out of the hole with my feet sucking and squelching and up the mounted dirt to the high walk and over the fence before I know it why we're doing it were my feet done it by their selves never give it no thought at all come down with a thump on the outside of the fence and sliding down the slippy bank into the ditch which I come up out of the soak it and sopping and there were that black leader waiting for me with his yellow eyes just standing there in the rain and waiting for it you have something in your little bag it shows I do indeed I have brought Mr Punch that's his slapstick and here's the man himself he's made by Bob Wade who has much bigger hands and bigger wrists than I do and I haven't got a swallow but uh put your, put your, put your sorry I was thinking a lot about Mr Punch and Mr Punch in from the earliest versions of the Punch and Judy show he kills his kills his wife he kills the baby he kills Jack Ketch he kills I think several members of the police and other authorities and he even kills the devil and he says now everyone can do as they like now the great Percy Press who was the premier Punch showman said to me Punch is so old he can't die he's a law unto himself and thinking about Punch he doesn't seem to there's something in him that doesn't care about him that he is simply the vehicle for it and I was remembering a broken seagull do you want to read that bit we never found that bit in my copy you'll find it shall we read it you won't be able to read it now I'd like to have really these words exactly if I can find the damn thing shall I have a look I think I've got it it's listed as other gold sign did I mark the beginning no you haven't it's when Ridley's the rain have it on by the end of the day we're coming down in buckets plus it bloomed up a heavy wind no he says one type of mine he's with the listener he's with the listener full circle nine ways horny boy run with his bell no no the hell with it then it's a great bit as we get on to the bloke has gone top of auntie one of my favourites that sort of links in with punch I mean and with kind of I mean there are a lot of these kind of powerful mythological figures in Ridley's book you tell us what you wanted he was remembering walking with his dad on the shore one time when they saw a broke of gold and his father killed it but the gold the gold's yellow eyes scared us to the last and it was as if it was something in the creature that didn't care nothing for the creature at all it was just something and that something is in punch but that's also echoed in the story that Lorna tells him early on where he says she's discovered there's something looking out through her eyes so they have a consciousness of this elemental force that's refracted back to them through the punch story this thing that lives in all of us but doesn't care for us it uses us it puts us on to act out what we will but it doesn't really care and we we are the people who Ridley looks back to as the ones who made the one big one from more than 2,000 years ahead he looks back to us as the people who made the one big one and this thing in us didn't care nothing for us didn't care nothing for anybody it's just there and there's a tension isn't there in his perception of the people of the past he both thinks that they're kind of before the fall they're prelapsarian figures who were kind of integrated psychically and he feels the weight of dualism doesn't he he's always worried about the two being main into one he feels his own reflective self-consciousness as a burden and yet in the mythology and the kind of punch story that comes round the clever, Mr clever is responsible for the destruction of all this good so it's almost as if enshrined in the people from the past is their own destruction at the same time I've never had the opportunity to use the word prelapsarian I I myself postlapsarian eat yourself later in the day I never feel the day is done let the day begin anyhow my answer to your inquiry was yes when did you acquire your punch your Mr Punch well in the course of writing Wiggly Walker I joined the British puppet and model theatre guild and it was there that I met Bob Wade and bought these but the whole set of punch figures the crocodile and Jack Ketch so forth did you have a set up I didn't have a set up but I did have First Impress come to my house one day and give a complete performance and to me it was wonderful because it hadn't been part of my trial to it and you immediately battled on to it and from the things he said about punch being too old to die I immediately battled on to this as being something absolutely enduring in folk art that couldn't be there's a punch in every country in Germany, in Casparle in Italy, it's Puntinella or a Polynchinella in France it's Polynchinella Polynchinella and punch goes all the way back to the Commedia dell Orte and back beyond that to the Greeks had these humpback figures with big phalloses that did funny things Do you think there's something very important about it being a puppet about it being something separate and yet humanoid in that way Well the art of puppetry is a long established mode of surrogosing where puppets can do things that real people couldn't get away with and they'll always get a laugh and they'll always get a gut response from the audience One of the things I wanted to ask you about was listener and the use of folk themselves and how early and the kind of setup of the power ring around Canterbury How I know what I think all of that is but do you know what you think it all is Well my idea for the power ring came from the CERN accelerator in Switzerland now my idea for listener again I don't know why I made this archip of Canberbury without eyes again I was just flogging by the seat of my pants I suppose if we try to synthesize it there would be some sort of a message in there about religion being blind I don't know but I wasn't thinking of that it just came to me that this kid didn't have any eyes because because he didn't have any eyes he had to listen very hard and that's where the other boy sound of the world comes in It's a long shot because you'll feel free to slap down you were a radio operator in the war weren't you I was trained as a radio operator but that availed me nothing I was a foot messenger and I had such a bad sense of direction bits of K-ration I would just tear up K-ration boxes to mark my trail like that one time I passed the request the same hill so many times the Germans thought I was a troop movement but the use of both themselves are as I understand it a group of radioactively genetically damaged mutants that have been preserved within the society for their kind of divinitory powers well they use some posion like a nest of snakes and it's hoped that they will come up with the necessary secrets for the one big one and they never do they might talk dance theory and all of that but it's just gibberish and they don't come up with the one little one until somebody gives them a part of software and the other ingredients but they're all affected more or less the same way the listener, good parley they're all groping around the same set of ideas and I find it very disturbing the way that he really shifts from one to the other I mean Ridley is in the sense smarter than all of them isn't he smarter than all of them he grasped more of it than any of the rest of them and they respond to him eventually they understand that he understands more than they do he responds to good parley the most emotionally at all yes because good parley opens himself to him and he has to anyone and tells him about his boyhood and the way grand sir treated him and then good parley does a punch show for him which is what Ridley takes with him when he takes to the road as a showman but good parley it's trying in his own in his own impeded way to move inland forward it's doing the best he can it's not doing it very well when you finished Ridley walk it must have been a very emotional moment to actually finish the book and put it to one side and in your foreword to Pilger Man which is the next book you wrote you then go and do it again and have another major epiphany and move off again on another strange journey how did that feel Russell how did it feel then to move from Ridley world to Pilger Man world which is by no means that jolly that was in my high energy period and no Pilger Man had his inception in a trip to Israel that I made with my daughter Esme and her husband Motie and we went to a now the name of the fort escapes me it might come back later anyhow we went to a fort which had been used by the Teutonic knights of the 13th century and that is where Pilger Man precipitated himself into the beginning of the story these Teutonic knights were big Jew killers and Pilger Man of course was a Jew who was castrated by peasant crusaders in the 12th century and I immediately bought about five yards of books and steeped myself in the research and read all of the contemporary accounts and got started on on Pilger Man and I still like that book a lot and call me Pilger Man you know I forget what I am a wave to say a wave and a particle it's not even a something about the sword is rusted and the rust is blown away and one time as a boy in the ruins of the building I saw an owl we called a veiled owl flying towards me and I said hero Israel the Lord our God the Lord is one anyhow I had a good time writing Pilger Man and I did a good Pope unclean the seventh who had some pretty good dreams you say that was during my high energy period you've been remarkably prolific over the last decade or so well yes I do what I can but and your work continuing to move into different areas very erotic some of the novels of the last decade yes well I mean my fears isn't it absolutely and my next big one my next big one my next big one is called soon child which is about an Eskimo Shaman whose daughter doesn't want to be born because she refuses to come out into the world until he brings her the world songs so he bruise up a big dream room and he goes on a dream trip which takes him hither and thither and young and through many many changes so I have to hang in there until 2012 because I won't be published till then well I think rather you hung in a lot longer than that to the same view I think we've gone a little while yet and if Russell said he's happy to take some questions you'd like to ask him anything and please put your hand up and then wait for the microphone to come to you please gentlemen down here the front forget my memory it's not forget my memory it's not what it was but was it the case when you were writing Ridley Walker that you were in analysis and you would take it along and read out chapters on that the case and if so why and he's asking he's saying he thinks he's heard or read somewhere that you were in psychoanalysis when you were writing Ridley Walker and that you would take the novel in MS along to your analytic sessions and read out sections if it's true it rather begs the question why your animals didn't pay you is it true it wasn't psychoanalysis it was psychotherapy and I used to have sessions with Leon River and I used to read him what I was writing find and think of my reason maybe I just wanted a private audience and I think I wanted to see the liturgy of it of it on him did the characters read through can you remember what he said about the book when you were reading sections of it no I can you definitely need your money there anybody else there's a woman down here at the front I just would like to know when you were you've talked about Ridley's Peak being very organic that came about organically if you found yourself having to turn it down a little bit so maybe try and make the story more accessible so that it was more widely appreciated by a big audience that's a moral question none of it is Ridley's Peak did you make it more accessible than it might otherwise have been were you conscious of how people would read the book as you were writing it and were you calibrating just how difficult it was as against standard English no again I just wrote it as it came to me I didn't as I said before I realised later that it was a technically good device to slowing the meter down to Ridley's rate of perception but I didn't I didn't do any calculation of calibration I just done it how it come I mean there are, you now have in this Bloomsbury edition there is your notes and there's an after word and there's a sort of mini glossary at the back where you put in a few things I confess I did find them very helpful I did find them very helpful but again I find strange I don't know whether this accords with anybody else's experience who's read the book several times it is different each time it seems a very different book to me each time I read it it seems to have a different modality as a book and that I can't help feeling is a function of what you do with English which is to make us very aware of the fact that English is a language in which there are at least two words for everything and many many words are homonyms themselves and I suppose that's why I'm writing on there I was very pleased with some of my inventions for example when Orffing leaves the use of folk he says I had to vote no kind of fence so I backed my way out of there vote no kind of fence is a breakdown of no confidence a book of no confidence I had to vote no kind of fence and then he backed his way he evacuated well I think Ed Miliband has the power to shatter me inside would be well advised to read really well a woman here half way back have any academic experience of historical linguistics or pigeons or creoles that inform how you constructed really speak any academic experience of linguistics of pigeon languages everything like that I knew he was going to say that I think there are things that spring naturally to the tongue and I believe there is a linguistic term for this kind of migration where great becomes dirt and such such things as that it's just when you move your mouth it's a great it's a great day for shining your shoes it's a great day it's a great day it's a great day for shining your shoes it's a great day for losing the blues it happens naturally and is there something else about the language oh yeah in Pennsylvania where I grew up the auxiliary verb very often was thrown over the side so people would say I've done this or I've gone there so that's already a start on really speak we do that here too what is it can you sound like you might know about linguistics is it called glottal drift or something like that you studied it once though didn't you that was certainly your tax door sorry that came out harsh I speak to myself it came out harsh of an insular anyone who's a speaker up there somebody there's a man up the back there bearded man alright sorry you've got a beard too you've got a beard too oh it's as big as me I really enjoyed the geography of the book particularly the map which I've referred back to several times I'm just wondering how much time you spent in Kent during the writing of the book he loves the maps and the geography of Kent or Imland in it and wonders how much time you actually spent in Kent during the composition of the book a lot of time in Kent at that time I had a Bedford camper with my wife Google and at that time we had just two sons and we drove around Kent into the Y valley and uphill and downdale and stayed overnight and also at one time to test whether they really were times when you couldn't see your hand in front of your face I wrote a pillion on the motorbike of a friend and we went into Kent and into a forest in the dead of night and I couldn't see my hands in front of my face so yes it was well researched on the actual ground and then the gentleman down here just wonders about the language what I loved about Ripley speak it's one of the joys of the book for me I have to read it out loud to understand it it's rather than reading internally it's made me read out loud again to myself to understand it I just wondered how much of reading out loud was involved in the or saying those words out loud was involved in the creation of it all of my writing not just Ridley Walker all of my books are written for the year so that they will bear up under reading aloud and I I sound them out in my head and I go over every line until it works where does that come from Russell were you read to a lot as a child I joined your number I was read to a bit as a child certainly enough to instill the habit in me and I was given plenty of books as a child and I still remember my father was a socialist but I guess he would have to be called a comedy sympathiser at the time and he used to bring me books I remember particularly what is called fairy-tales for workers children what a collection of heart-locked stories there was a little black guy called Little Black Murzwick and he had a terrible time and there was a yellow dog that also had a bad time now let's walk on me I can tell you so presumably if your father was a fellow traveller you were not an observant family no and apropos his fellow traveller the the first two rules of etiquette that I learned were always to eat the label of the Pumpernigel for good luck and never to cross a picket line he himself we lived in Lancel, Pennsylvania and he was put in jail that was the hosue mill there that was the local industry and the workers went on strike from time to time and he was put in jail for marching in a picket line with the workers and in the third room in our house there was a tin canicum in which he had water when he was in jail and that was on top of the grandfather clock on which was also the bust of Eugene Deyves and as a boy I was taken to hear Norman Thomas who frequently ran for president but never made the distance and I shook his hand too and my father stood first to be voted socialist he wouldn't have ever been voted for here right now anybody else just as a woman in a hat just there in a hat well I mean I don't it's just a very easy way I don't know your I don't know your secret hopes and desires and you're not going to well I mean she objected to my typifying there was a woman in a hat he didn't start off by saying he's Russell Hoban in a hat anyway let's stop arguing and I'll come up with my question what was your question Russell in 1970 you gave a writing workshop at a conference on children's literature in education in Exeter in that writing workshop which I was not lucky enough to be born to be at she wasn't born or else she would have been there never too late you described you said the most important thing was describing the thinness of things do you still believe that was describing thinness of things what guys with $10 lives call quiddity I believe describe the thinness of things there's a a word that the thing itself in itselfness ding on zish ding on zish we're into Kantian metaphysics now I knew you'd get there I knew you'd get on to Kant metaphysics I knew you were influential I have never read Kant I think about I think about I think about me I'm getting credit for much learning that I don't have because I'm good at picking quotations I can take a big book this thick and riffle through it and come up with a quotation that will convince people I've read the whole thing it's artful but do you mean by that to say that the Russell's approach about the thinness of things is perhaps distinct from many people view the novel as a medium particularly for discussing character or the development of character or the relationships between people or the relationship between individual psychic change and social change but I think what the woman who we must not call the woman in the pan is driving at is that your take on the novel is different to that well, the writer whom I credit with expressing the thinness of things more than anybody else's Anton Chico who is my current name squeeze and he just doesn't he can talk about the moonlight on the ocean he can talk about the smell of the trees and flowers in a garden that transcends your description of what they look like what they smell like the sounds they make where the wind blows through them he gets right to the thinness of things I don't know whether it can be learned if you got it or you haven't if you got it, flaunted I think time maybe for one more there's somebody right behind you John there and then somebody up the top who thinks is the the story in Ridley and Walker I find profoundly depressing and disturbing it's a frightening tale in its own right at the same time it's full of levity and humour a lot of which comes I think from the language and the distinctive voice of the narrator Ridley himself but in the end it's very ambiguous to know Russell whether you, when you think about the book find it optimistic or pessimistic how would you classify it in terms of a story the burden of that was that the end is ambiguous in what I say that it's pessimistic or optimistic you've got it in a nutshell the front end of it was largely a statement a good statement it's left that way you don't know what's going to happen Ridley Walker's been to show Ridley Walker's on the go don't go Ridley Walker's track drop John's writing on his back so he's off on his unending journey looking for he doesn't know what and showing what comes to him when he pushes head in the head hole of the puppet and does his show it's left open ended we don't know what his future is any more than we know our own final one up here up here in the glasses the shirt trousers hi well my question is it seems that when you were looking at the picture of St Eustis at Canterbury Cathedral it was a life changing moment but I was wondering at the time how long you were looking at it for and what you were feeling physically what was sort of going on looking at the picture of St Eustis he wants a more visceral description of your epiphany well of course this sort of my epiphany are internal well about the thinness of your epiphany the thinness of my epiphany I don't rightly know that I can say more about it it just it just got to me I think that you don't have to be a writer to have that experience when an event or something you see or some person something gets to you and there it is you have to do something about it can't say more than that well I don't know about the rest of you but I think the modern mania for getting writers up on stages and making us trot around like performing dogs like the dogs in Ridley Water when he has the vision a cambry and they rise up on their hind legs and dance around him I'm getting slightly carried away now often is not such a good thing but I think that I'm sure you'll agree with me that the last hour and a quarter has been an exceptional and rare privilege to hear Russell and I say that I could not have asked for or imagined a better companion and conversationalist than this man I believe that Russell will be here for a while I know some of you might have an opportunity to put a question and might want to whisper one in his shell like you'll be here to sign books it just gets better and better


Alright guys, welcome back to the channel, if you're new, my name is Bobby, guys, today just a quick little video. Many of you asked me, Bobby, where did the happy healthy vegan video go? Right? I did a video on Ryan from happy healthy vegan, but the video is not online anymore. I was wondering, I was researching, where did that video go?   Okay, I've seen a few people eat like a ground paw. Did I copyright strike Bobby's video? No, I did not copyright, maybe YouTube did that to him. So we're wondering if we filed any copyright strikes. No, we didn't file any copyright strikes on anybody. So I'm going to be perfectly clear about that, and that goes against what fair use is all about. And saying it's fair use because they make some slanderous comments about you while they're doing it. Alright, there you have it. Trustworthy Ryan tells us, if you didn't file a copyright complaint. That's good. That's cool. That's reassuring. Let me check my creator studio. Alright, here we go.  The video has been taken down. But what is that? A copyright claim. How come? Was it YouTube? Maybe it was automatically just by YouTube, like Ryan said, right? So there you go, copyright claim by YouTube, right? By YouTube. That's not your name. That's not your email, Ryan. Benevolent Ryan. The only reason why you are talking about fair use is because I filed a counterclaim. Which said, the use of the video material, pictures and audio qualifies as fair use under US copyright law. This is a non-commercial critique video, which does not negatively affect the original content. It is thereby completely within fair use guidelines, right? The only reason why you talk about that is because I wrote you that email. On top of that, I contacted you personally. I wrote you an email. You did not respond. You say this is not personal, it is of course personal. You are absolutely buttered. But let's proceed with your little video, shall we? Yeah, so if you want to get back to your anti-vegan friends and let them know what's going on, tell them not to take it personally or anything like that. So if you want to call that a copyright strike, it's not. You can twist things. And if you're talking about him, he's known to lie and distort the truth. I wouldn't trust anything he says. He's the one that says I'm degenerating. I have no athletic ability and so on and so forth. So I think I've proved that wrong. Don't trust bad Bobby, right? Bad boy Bobby, he distorts the truth.  Should we rewind again? Did I copyright strike Bobby's video? No, I did not copyright strike. Maybe YouTube did that to him. So if we filed any copyright strikes, no, we didn't file any copyright strikes on anybody. So I'm going to be perfectly clear about that. No, we didn't file any copyright strikes on anybody. It is absolutely pathetic, absolutely disingenuous. This is how you make a living, Ryan. You are critiquing non-vegans. You say it yourself. There's certain ways you can reuse other people's content like I do. When you see me respond to an anti-vegan, like say Joe Rogan or someone who quit being vegan, people want to comment on content like we do, taking little bits and commenting on that. That's cool. Like I do. But now you have the audacity to file a copyright claim when somebody critiques you. And on top of that, you have the audacity to lie to your viewers whilst wearing a real shirt. Right? How deceptive.  And let me tell you one thing. You're on a great path.   That is a great trait for a politician. So now we didn't file any copyright strikes on anybody. To my dear viewers, don't worry. I have a second channel which is posted in the description box where I will reupload Ryan's video. This won't go without consequences. The copyright claim was striked by you and therefore I already filed the response. The video will be reinstated. Everything is within fair use, Ryan. You know that and I know that too. And on that note, you know exactly that this game can be played by two or by many. How about those other people that you made videos on? How about they go to your channel, right? Not saying anything, but could that be a possibility?  And like I do, and like I do, and like I do, and like I do.


Why are you here? There's something that will never exist in this planet and could never exist in this world until you came. What did you come to bring? Why are you here?  The other existence that was necessary because you were going to bring it with you. There's some things that only exist because you exist. What are they?


We're right in front of the Chilean embassy because Chile has expressed solidarity with the people of Palestine and I happen to remember when this country, the United States, backed and financed the coup in Chile to get rid of the democratically elected president and put in a bloody dictator and many of my friends were people who were refugees who came from Chile fleeing the Pinochet dictatorship. I even heard the bomb that went off that killed the former ambassador, Orlando Letellier. So I know that the Chilean people really understand what's going on and I as a Washington resident, a native with no rights, have some concept of what the Palestinians have been suffering.


Matthew Goodman, welcome to the Lowe Institute. You're here from the Centre for Strategic and International Studies in the US, here for a Think20 seminar, and we're delighted to have you. Thank you very much, Mike. Delated to be here. One of the issues that's around at the moment is concern over the global economy. The opening of this week's economy starts off by saying there's problems in the global economy. The G20, one of its objectives is to try and boost, promote global growth. There's a challenge. What do you think that we can achieve at this Brisbane summit that may make a positive contribution to global growth? Yes, well thank you, Mike, for having me. It's great to be here at Lowe. So yes, you're right. I think the global economy is in a rather uncertain phase here, where growth in all the major economies is in some sense below par, whether you look at the United States, which is doing relatively better, but still has sub par growth and some risks as well. Europe is flat and on the risk of going into deflation and recession. China is slowing down, still growing at sort of 7% plus, but slower than it had been with some big risks there in the financial system in the property sector. In Japan, the other big economy also having some real doubt about its growth prospects. So I think this is a challenging time for the global economy and the G20 was set up to deal with precisely these sorts of problems. It was of course established in 2008 as a leaders forum in crisis. We're not exactly in that kind of burning crisis, but it is a real, it's a slow burning crisis of slow growth and the G20 needs to do something to show that it can address this growth problem. And Australia, I think, has set out some good objectives and ideas for doing that. Yes, the world does need a little burst of confidence, a burst of optimism and it does need to have some demonstration that countries are cooperating together, because if we step back right now and look at it, we have problems with the WTO, the World Trade Organization, in that this long fought agreement, the Bali agreement isn't going forward. It's been vetoed by G20 member. We have geopolitical tensions and we have sanctions being imposed between G20 countries and of course we have the U.S. not agreeing to the reform of the IMF, which has resulted in some alternative institutions, shall we say, being created in the region. Do you think we can get the burst of confidence, a demonstration that G20 countries are cooperating together at Brisbane? Well, it's very important to try to do that. I mean, that's what the G20 offers the opportunity to do because you have leaders from about 85% of the world economy's weight here in a room talking about all the issues you mentioned and certainly, this is a huge opportunity. I think that the initial confidence and the cooperation that was engendered in the early meetings of the G20 is going to be hard to reproduce because there was a clear shared sense of crisis and common purpose. But you need to try to recreate that in a new way by showing that we can work together in specific tangible ways to advance an agenda. And so I think the Australian growth strategy approach of setting a 2% additional GDP target by 2018 is a good one to focus minds and the reforms that are needed in individual countries. They're good proposals on trade, on tax, on energy, on other issues that the G20 can make some tangible progress and show that it's actually a useful forum to get some things done and to sort of set a direction for the global economy, which is what it does best. Yes, I think you're right. One of the advantages of having the 2% target has it certainly focused the mind. And it's also focused that we do need extra policies. It's not business as usual. If you want more growth, you need to have more policies. Of course, implementation is the challenge and that you can't solve the implementation issue at domestic summits. You've got to go home and do it domestically, which raises the issue in the US and the problems that the US has in terms of implementing commitments at these international agreements. So that's always one of, I think, the concerns that the rest of the world has in terms of whether it will be delivered. Absolutely. And I think that you mentioned the IMF reform. That was something that actually, ironically, the United States championed at the 2010 summit and then it was unable to deliver on this commitment because the US Congress has not enacted the relatively minor financial transfer. It's almost kind of an accounting issue, not really a substantial new spend for the US and yet Congress has not been willing to approve this. And that's really undercut US credibility and I think has made overall global governance harder because while the United States cannot run the world alone, it is indispensable to advancing progress on any of those issues that we talked about. And if the US doesn't have the credibility to come to the table on an issue like that, then I think it's going to be very hard for the group as a whole to really achieve progress. So I certainly hope that the US will follow through and implement its commitments and I hope other countries will as well. Absolutely. Well, thanks very much. We all hope that everyone will implement their commitments and we'll have a successful summit. Thanks very much and thanks so much.


I'm Dazzle Greenwood, a research scientist at the MIT Media Lab, and I'm here to talk to legal hackers, node organizers for the Open Media Legal Hackup Global Distributed event about a very important topic, swag. That's right, swag. Did you know? And if you've read the organizers' telegram channel, I hope that you do, that you're eligible to have remarkable swag from our cherished sponsor, Endor, mailed to your location before the event. And in order to do that, we just need to know your mailing address and contact person, including the name and email and phone address. And you're probably wondering, yeah, that's such a bother, which is maybe why we don't have many addresses and contact names as we'd like at this point. And why should I bother doing that? Well, let me show you some reasons. Number one, I just got back to MIT today and I saw some of the amazing swag. You got this kind of do rag, but Dazzle, I don't like lime green. Well, check it out. It also comes in a very attractive kind of flat black. What else can you get? So much more. What if you're like, oh, but at our event, you know, what we're going to do afterwards is drink beer? Well, how about a key chain bottle opener? That's good swag. It's useful. But Dazzle, that's still not quite doing it for me. You know, we're very erudite. We're going to do very think-y things. But when you're thinking, sometimes you want to be writing, look at these remarkable notebooks that you get. But how do we use the paper? It comes with a pen so you can instantiate your remarkable ideas in a tangible medium. But Dazzle, I don't know if this is like the notebook for me. Well, check it out. There's a whole different type of thing that you can get too. This one's blue and it's actually got a lot more pages. They smell good, nice thick pages. Okay, so I know you're interested now, but you're kind of thinking like, I'm really stressed out, you know, organizing this node. Well, you also have these kind of stress balls. Pretty good. And they're kind of like shaped like brains. Not bad. But you know what? There's so much more. I best stuff yet. One of the best things that they got in those boxes is proper shirts. Good shirts. So soft. So durable. So attractive. So very hacky. And I've saved the best for last. We also have a very, very special speaker that is not only Bluetooth, but it also has Aux in and it's USB powered. So awesome. And we tried it out today in the Media Lab in the Human Dynamics group. And it was absolutely fabulous. You were getting down me and Steve Buckley to grooves in the heart and some other stuff.  No additional charge. Oh, and also the dual head comes with instructions for those of you that maybe don't know how to do that. So in closing, what it is we need from you, legal hackers, organizers, if you want to get this stuff for your venue and all the great hackers there is address where we can kind of FedEx or UPS the stuff and contact name with the name and phone number for swag, beautiful swag. Oh, swag. So if you want to get your swag, just send us that stuff and you can put it in the Telegram channel. You can email me at media.mit.edu. We also have a form if you're more into structured data, which is very civilized. So get swaggy today and let us know that address information will ship it to you before the event and then don't forget to take pictures and great stuff like that with some of the swag and happy shiny hackers holding hands and hacking projects.


The following is a production of New Mexico State University. Welcome to the stunning Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center in sunny Austin, Texas. This park was founded by the first lady in 1982. I'm here today with Dr. Robert Brunig, known better here as Dr. Bob, who's Executive Director of the Center. You're going to tell us some things about some of the plants here. Okay. Well, first, this is one of the plants we have growing here in our Hummingbird Garden, and all of these plants are attractive to hummingbirds. You notice it has that long red tubular flower, and that's particularly good for hummingbirds. This is a plant from the Transpecos, Texas, just west of here, and it also occurs in Arizona and New Mexico. And it's a relative of lambsears. It's in the mint family. A lot of people know lambsears, and this one's a different lambsears. It doesn't feel like a lambsear. Here's a plant I know isn't native, but it's used throughout the southwest in landscapes, the red yucca. It is. It's a beautiful landscape plant because it has a nice form, and it has a nice flower stalk. It's Hesperallo, parvaflora, or also known as red yucca. Good plant for landscapes throughout the southwest. A great plant for the landscapes of all throughout the southwest, recommended. And the verbenas? And again, a great for another one for hummingbirds. Okay. And the verbenas as well, or throughout the southwest? Yeah, this is one that actually crept into our hummingbird display. I was going to say, it doesn't look like a hummingbird plant, but it's a beautiful landscape plant. It's a prairie verbena. This plant and all the plants that you see here at the Wildflower Center are native to the Edwards Plateau, or immediately adjacent to the Edwards Plateau, and the whole idea behind the Wildflower Center is that trying to encourage people to look at the diversity literally in their own backyards or in their own region and to connect with their own natural heritage and bring it into their gardens. So there's more to the Wildflower here than just the Texas Blue Bonnet? Exactly, but speaking of Blue Bonnets, let's go take a look at some. Wow, this is really pretty. It's enough to make a Texan proud and how to know because I grew up in Texas. Well, actually, this is the state flower of Texas. There are six species of Blue Bonnets in Texas, but this is the one that grows in this part of Texas, Lupinus texensis, or they're all known as the Texas Blue Bonnet. It really doesn't like to leave Texas, does it? Well, this one is, you only find it in central Texas. Of course, there are many, many species of Lupin all over the United States. But so what we would say to you is find that native Lupin and bring it into your yard. Don't try to import a Texas Blue Bonnet outside of Texas. I've seen others try to grow the Texas Blue Bonnet outside of Texas. They had difficulty. What I like though is the variation in this. Different colors within different flowers. Yes, sometimes you even get white Blue Bonnets and now people are doing horticultural experimentation and even growing maroon Blue Bonnets. If you can have such a thing. Texas Aggies love maroon. They do indeed. And speaking of maroon, we got the wine cups right here growing with it. The wine cup here is, I love these wine cups. They, to me, just say spring. And they're one of our most vivid spring wildflowers. And in other parts of the Southwest, it's known as the poppy mallow. They are in the mallow family. That's right. Excellent plants throughout the Southwest. They're a great plant. And of course, there are many species of wine cup, but this is one that we particularly see here in Texas. And you notice how well it works with the Blue Bonnets. I was noticing that, yes. And that's one of the things we really encourage is people to really think about how to combine different wildflowers to get a really nice array of colors in the garden. Not just have one thing, but a mixture. You did that right over there. Exactly. There we've got, we've actually got a number of wildflowers in that bed. But right now, we just have the Blue Bonnets and the Drummond's flocks. But boy, do they look nice together. Red, white in the Blue Bonnet, and then the blue in the Blue Bonnet. There we are. We've got a patriotic bed. We sure do. If you just had fragrance in the Blue Bonnets, that'd be the perfect flower then. Well, I guess you just can't have, you know, nothing's perfect. No one's perfect. And I guess we'll just have to enjoy it for the color. It's nice. There are other plants that do smell good. Yes, there are. Have you got that in the sensory garden? Yes, we do. You want to go look? Let's look. All right. Well, this one looks like the Betany, but it's not, is it? It's the Salvia, Salvia Romeriana. But it's in our sensory garden because it's one of our favorite salvias. Salvia is a sage. Okay. So it smells good. And then this is a chocolate flower. I know it's here. It smells like what?  It doesn't taste like chocolate, but it smells like chocolate. So that's a wonderful plant to have in a sensory garden. Here's cherry sage or autumn sage. It really belongs in here. It's a wonderful plant for its smell. Ah, yes. It does smell good. Well, Dr. Bob, thank you for the tour of the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. It's beautiful. And it's been wonderful to have you here. Thanks for coming. The preceding was a production of New Mexico State University. The views and opinions in this program are those of the author. And do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the NMSU Board of Regents.


Come up on DTNS. Did your Chrome extension spy on you? Wall-A says that OS was never meant for what you thought it was anyway. And Patrick Norton tells us why it's a good time to build a video game machine. This is the Daily Tech News Show for Friday, July 19, 2019. In Los Angeles, I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Feline, I'm Sarah Lane. And from L.A. County, I'm Roger Chang, the show's producer. And of course, Patrick Norton, host of A.V. Excel, and this week in computer hardware, back with us. Patrick, thank you for joining us. And I can only wish my video could join you too. Well, the people on audio don't even notice. They always imagine you in your most beautiful form anyway. Just imagine that Patrick is being very, very still. Folks, if you're not getting good day internet, you've missed a great conversation about One Night in Bangkok and a bunch of other stuff. Become a member and get the show at patreon.com slash DTNS. Let's start with a few tech things you should know. Twitter would like to offer users more context about unavailable tweets. So tweets can be unavailable for several reasons. They could contain a keyword that you've muted or an account's tweets could be private or a tweet got deleted since being posted, etc. Twitter says that the new feature should give you more information about why that tweet went dark and become available in the next few weeks. Some tweets are emotionally unavailable. In fact, a lot of them. ZDNAT reports the Kazakhstan government has been intercepting HTTPS traffic from devices within its borders since July 17th. Local ISPs have been told by the government to have customers install a state authorized cert on all devices and browsers that lets them spy on you. In 2015, Kazakhstan ordered citizens to install a similar certificate but dropped those plans after multiple organizations sued the government. A parrot spokesperson confirmed to the Verge that the French company has left the toy drone market adding that a parrot has stopped the production and development of any drone, but the anulfi and its variations. In recent years, parrot has shifted its business towards commercial drone solutions in an attempt to distinguish itself from competitors like DJI in the consumer space. I really wish it was a parrot spokesperson. The spokesperson was a parrot. And then what do they do? They just repeat whatever you say? Repeat whatever you tell them. All right, let's talk a little bit more about that Huawei thing. Let's do it. Huawei SVP Catherine Chen stated that the company's Hong-Meng operating system is not being designed as a replacement for Android after all and will focus on industrial uses. Huawei Communications VP Andrew Williamson told Reuters in June that Hong-Meng was in fact testing as an Android replacement that could be in place in month following blacklisting. So what's going on here? Yeah, it's tempting to want to look at this story and say like, well, of course it was wink, wink, nudge, nudge.  If you took the trade negotiation bit of this out, let's say Samsung with ties in says, oh, we have an operating system. We were thinking, oh, we might use it for phone, but we're not. We're using it for watches and TVs. That's exactly what happened. And nobody really got bent out of shape about it. So it's perfectly reasonable to construct a storyline where Huawei has been developing an operating system for Internet of Things and Industrial Use, which is why you may have heard of it's called an Internet of Things operating system. And any operating system could conceivably be adapted to any other use. So maybe there was a little thought of like, well, could we take our IoT industrial operating system and make a phone operating system out of it? That's really a lot easier to say than to do. And if you don't need to do it, then you might see a path towards your SVP saying like, oh, no, that's for industrial use. Patrick, what do you think make of this? You know, at this point, the whole Huawei thing is such a train wreck. I have nothing left to offer at this point. Would you install a Hongmeng OS in your industry? Or is this going to be a purely Chinese domestic operating system? He says knowing the answer. Oh my goodness. There's an awful lot of domestic market in mainland China and there's an awful lot of countries that have zero problems with buying from Huawei. So it doesn't really matter. They'll find some place to put it. The thing that people forget is Android is open source. Anybody can use it. The part that gets banned is all the parts that make Android particularly useful by being integrated into Google. And security updates get to the open source project later. Well, I mean, at this point, you know, the pace of security updates is not something I've found particularly impressive on anything other than flagship phones. And sometimes not then if you have a carrier that takes, you know what I mean? Like when you know for a fact that something's been fixed, but it's been in your carrier for four and a half months after the fix has been shipped before it actually shows up for a physical... You know what I mean? I just... Well, yeah. Now, add on top of that, Huawei can't put the fix into their own version of the OS to give to the carrier until it gets to the open source project. That was one of the hangups there.  But it's, you know, I feel like that whole ship is sank or that train is passed or that that ship has left that train has passed like, you know, insert name of strange mid 20th century, you know, it's kind of over whether it's over or not at this point, at least in the U.S. All right. Security researcher Sam Jidali discovered a browser extension vulnerability for Chrome and in more limited cases on Firefox called Data Spy. I called it Data Spee earlier today because it's two eyes at the end, but I get what he's trying to take personally identifiable information and make it part of the Data Spy thing. So we'll call it Data Spy, but it is spelled S-P-I-I. Affected extensions, collected URLs, web page titles, and sometimes embedded links of every page the browser visited. The histories were published on a fee based service. In other words, a service you pay for called Nacho Analytics. Links often included tokens that allowed access. And if shared would give anyone with the link access. So it's the kind of link that has the token built into it. You're only supposed to generate that link when you have authenticated, but hey, if you copy the link and give it to someone, they're going to have it. Of course you would never do that, but if your extension stole it, you wouldn't know that, right? Nacho Analytics had collected pages that included surveillance videos, even from some Nestcams, tax returns, medical records, a whole lot more. Some pages wouldn't load, but the page titles would reveal information. So a lot of corporate pages that were password protected still leaked out the actual name of the page. So Tesla internal product development, some Apple internal product development, other corporate secrets that you could glean from just the title. The privacy policies of the extensions themselves said that data collection would happen and would be shared with third parties. Nacho Analytics claims that data collection was opt in and that data is scrubbed of names, locations, and other sensitive data. Although the more ours, technical and other outlets talk to Nacho Analytics, the more they said, well, we try very hard to scrub because it was becoming clear that the scrubbing wasn't catching everything. Nacho Analytics CEO, Mike Roberts told ours, that his company has now stopped new signups until it gets more information on the issue of sensitive data still appearing. He still claims that you had to hit a degree button to share this stuff anyway, but they want to be good citizens and not have the sensitive info now that everyone knows that the sensitive info is there. Mozilla and Google have removed all of the extensions that were reported by Jadali from their stores. Two Firefox extensions still appear to be available from the developer websites, even though they're not available from Mozilla. And Google has remotely disabled its extensions as of July 8th. Interestingly, five days after July 8th, Robert said on Twitter that Nacho Analytics had an upstream data outage. And we don't know if that's connected in any way or not. But yeah, kind of a complex situation, but if you didn't quite follow that to sum it up, extensions were logging every URL you visited and giving it to this analytics company, which its main product was to say, if you want to find out statistics about domains, you can pay us for those statistics. So I want to find out what kind of people are visiting my competitor. I could find that out. But as part of that offering, you could also see all the URLs that were collected. And sometimes those URLs, as I said, had sensitive information in them. Yeah. And even if they didn't contain sensitive information such as passwords, just browsing history in general. Well, yeah. And possibly not associated. They are anonymized. Nacho Analytics says they are anonymized, and they were. But sensitive information in that, you know, it's a link to your tax records that no one would ever have otherwise unless they'd gotten into this database. It is the way the web works. The CEO told ours technically, like, we're just, you know, we're using the way the web works. It is probably a wake up call that, you know, a kind of security through obscurity of saying, well, this link was generated after authentication and nobody else can get it. Isn't good enough because I don't think Nacho Analytics was being actively malicious. They just turning a blind eye. Hopefully no one would notice. Yeah, of course. I mean, this is information that was helping that company extensively. So, by okay, our chat room says, sorry, you got cut. It's just the way a knife works. We're a knife. What else are we going to do? Yeah, I mean, there's, there's a lot to parse on how this happened. But in the end, this is not okay anymore. The old way was we just collect a lot of data. Most people won't notice what's in there and we'll get by these days. That doesn't work. The fact that the internet works in a way that reveals personal information is not washing with the public anymore.  It turns out if you have all the or all the resources of the internet. Yeah, you can still kind of, yeah, like point it back to certain people depending on usage. Well, on a happier note, perhaps Google Stadia director of product Andre, Andre Dorenchev answered questions in a Reddit AMA on Thursday comparing Google's commitment to Stadia to that of Gmail, Docs, music, movies and photos and said $10 a month subscribers will get roughly one free game per month, give or take. Dorenchev also said that the UI will be revealed in November with friend lists, party creation and platform level voice chat will be ready at launch as well. Achievements, Bluetooth audio for the controller and family sharing won't arrive on Stadia until after launch, however, Stadia will offer full support for all HID compliant game controllers. So we've got a little bit more information here. The idea that you're going to, you know, he's bolstering the idea that you'll get at least one game a month for $10 a month, which, you know, games cost $60. So conveniently that would make it worthwhile. He's also reaffirmed the idea that you buy a game. Even if Stadia goes away, you'll still own that game from the company. They'll figure out a way to do that. Trying to assuage people's fears that Stadia would go the way of Google Reader or Wave. I think he has a good argument that Stadia is more of the stature of Gmail and Docs, not of these, you know, not Google Plus, but yeah, Patrick, what do you make of this whole Google Stadia thing? I mean, one, this will be the second time I've brought up killedbygoogle.com in a podcast this week or in the last seven days. And two, I'm very curious, everything we've seen that's tried to do this, the streaming of games, has mostly been disappointing when it hits the real world. Google's going to throw ridiculous resources at it, which may actually solve it. You know, I love the $10 a month subscription fee. I'm very, very curious to see what the quality of the games are. You know, but it's super early and I want it to work. I want all of the streaming services to work, so I won't be disappointed. But you know, this is just going to take a huge amount of time. I guess, you know, it's just, I'm curious. I'm even more curious now. I love the price. I think that's just what I want to say. Now I really want it to work and I want the games to not suck. Yeah, I'm actually fairly confident it will work. Whether it will work well enough for every gamer, I mean, that's a whole different story. There's going to be latency and lag. It's the amount of latency and lag that maybe only professional gamers will notice, right? What Stadia is not trying to say this is for pro gamers.  And they're like, that's why you get fragged all the time. I don't want to say that. But I just want to see it not be irritating to me. Yeah. And if you have it again, it's going to depend on your internet connection. Some people's internet connections will not be good enough for this, even though they're saying something ridiculous, like 25 megabits per second, which seems low to me. But, but I think a lot of people will. And then it becomes a matter of whether the policies work or not. And it's kind of the worst of both worlds in a way of saying, Hey, you get a monthly subscription price that you keep paying for access to nothing.  But, but it is a subscription. And, and I think it was in Gadget or Ars Technica that pointed that out, which is Netflix says monthly access, but you get everything. Right. Or it's, you know, some kind of situation where you buy things like on steam and keep them in the cloud, but you don't have a fee. Well, you know, and if they could just give you of like, if even if it was 20, 20 bucks, 25 bucks a month, but it was access to the entire library, I would pay the 25 bucks over 10 bucks over the current system. Yes. For all the things. Well, and I think we're going to see some versions of that, some of them even on Stadia where it's like, well, you're paying your $10 for your Stadia and then $15 for complete access to the EA library. Let's say or somebody, whatever. I think I don't think we'll see EA do that, but I bet we'll see somebody try that Microsoft announced in Q4 its revenue grew 12% on the year, marking the ninth straight quarter of double digit growth for the young upstart Microsoft. Congratulations. Good work, kid. Microsoft's intelligent cloud business, which includes Azure, Windows server and GitHub, but mostly Azure generated $11.39 billion in revenue. Although a lot of that does probably come from office for the enterprise. Azure grew 64% on the year, which is good. In fact, this is the first time that the intelligent cloud generated the most business unit revenue at Microsoft. We've been talking about Microsoft becoming a cloud company, but this is the first quarter that it really became predominantly money making a cloud company, but that 64% growth is slower than last year. And a lot has a lot of people starting to say, well now we're starting to see sequential quarterly slowing. Azure is growing every month, but it's growing, or every quarter, but it's growing a little slower than it did the previous. Now that could just be the law of large numbers. When Azure gets big enough and they don't report Azure numbers separately, it just gets harder to have a higher percentage growth. And Microsoft says the margins are better than ever thanks to multi-year contracts and multi-year contracts lock in revenue, but they don't add to growth, right? Because that's already in there. Also, Windows revenue rose 7% on the year. We'll see how long that sticks around. A lot of it's strong OEM sales in advance at the end of Windows 7 support on January 14th. And after that... I mean, give me the gave away, the operating system, most of the consumer base, like anytime they make money on Windows at this point is kind of fascinating. Well, they're making money off enterprise, a lot of money off enterprise, but they're also making money off those OEM sales, right? It's free for you to upgrade your Windows, but it's not free for you to build a computer for sale to use. Right. I mean, though, for a while though, a huge potential source of revenue, they just ignored.   And the PC still seems to be going. It's just kind of peculiar to watch. I actually think we're going to see the same thing with tablet, right? The PC didn't die. The PC reached its saturation point and then it kind of fluttered around until it found its new level. And that's kind of what we're seeing now. I have a feeling tablets are in the middle of doing the same thing. Well, folks, if you want to get all the tech headlines each day in about five minutes, be sure to subscribe to DailyTechHeadlines.com. All right. AMD Ryzen, GPUs, NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060s. There's a lot of choices out there. Patrick's going to help us break it down because what you were saying, if you want to build like a video editing PC or a gaming machine right now, it's a good time. It's a great time. We've been talking about this a lot on the speaking computer hardware. Sebastian Peek, who is my co-host on that show, he's the editor over at PC Perspective.  Benchmarks are out. You probably can't buy one until the end of this month. And then of course NVIDIA has dropped the GeForce RTX 2060 and 2070 Super because Super is better than just having a number. And of course, the big announcement at 777 2019 was the Ryzen 3000 series processors, which are really awesome because they are reducing power consumption, delivering huge performance. And I'm just kind of fascinated by watching what AMD has been doing over the last couple of years. If you are building a video editing PC, a workstation, man, it's really easy to look at the Ryzen 3000s and want those desperately. They're on the seven nanometer process. That's given them some performance. It's given them some, you know, some lower power consumption. The real sweet spot at the high end is the Ryzen 73700 X, eight cores, 13 threads, $329. If you can actually find one, the Ryzen 93900 X is $499 is a 12 core 24 thread processor. Processor, it's a really weird way of saying that. But I was looking at, you know, the 3700 X is I think 33% or 34% faster than my 1800 X. The Ryzen 93900 on stuff like video rendering is going to be twice as fast as my 1800 X. That is a huge jump in performance, mostly because of the huge number of cores that they're putting on that for the money. For comparison, like a Core i9-900K entails flagship, eight cores, about $500. And there's some fairly inexpensive Ryzen 5 CPUs, which are also six core, 12 thread parts. So if you are, there's a whole range of prices for these. They're just a phenomenal value for the money in terms of doing anything that involves lots of cores. Install still has a gaming lead over AMD, the Ryzen processors, but the gap is much narrower than it used to be. And it's not going to be as important. If you're not, you know, playing at 1080p with 140 frames per second, it may not make much of a difference to you. They released a new 570 chip set with a new Ryzen 3000 processors. There's been some issues getting that kind of up and running for overclocking and stuff. They've done a whole bunch of firmware updates. That's kind of similar to what happened when they launched Ryzen. There were some memory issues with the firmware. But generally speaking, it works great. And oh, by the way, if you already own one of the earlier Ryzen processors, you will be able to drop these newer Ryzen 3000 processors in there. You're just not going to get some of these super cool features, which are mostly necessary for people who want to overclock. 2060, 2070 Super, those are the new GPUs from Nvidia. They're essentially replacing the 2060 and 2070. The 2060 Super is basically a 2070. The 2070 Super is delivering you like 2080 performance for $200 less. This is where a lot of folks think RTX cards should have been priced at launch. And these are great prices until you realize that AMD's dropped the 5700 and 5700 XT. If you've been looking at a Vega 56 or 64 card, don't stop. Don't. Vega is dead. All right. Yeah. Yeah. It's like, bye.  The 5700 series card is going to be cheaper and faster. A lot faster. A seven nanometer process is helping them out big time. Performance on these two cards is between the 2060 Super and the 2070 Super. And like the 5700 XT is often faster than 2060 Super at the same price. So right now AMD, the 5700 XT is looking like a really amazing card for the money. None of these AMD GPUs have ray tracing. I don't particularly care. I don't think ray tracing is going to be super obvious for most gamers. I don't know for another year or so. I think it's still something that's slowly being folded into game development. The other big news that came out or the rumor that's floating is that the Ryzen 7, which was announced at CES 2019 is probably end of life. It's a great article on Tom's hardware. You know, AMD gave this great response. It was like, you know, there's plenty of cards in the channel. They're not denying that it's end of life. They're not confirming that it's end of life. They're just saying there's a whole lot of unsold cards out there. We're just not making anymore. But don't say that. Yeah, we didn't say that. But when you look at gaming performance, this is where the majority of these cards are going to gamers. That $399 5700 XT, same gaming performance as the Ryzen 7, but it costs $300 less. Ryzen 7 is really a professional card for, you know, particular content creation needs. Most people don't really need that card. And I think that's why it's sort of vaporizing away. So, yeah, at this point, it's kind of amazing the deals. By the way, another side note, if you're thinking about buying an SSD, go ahead and buy one. The prices are as low as we've seen. And the rumors are that SSD prices are going to go up in the none in the future, either because of manufacturers working together to artificially raise prices, or because there's actually going to be an increase in demand and a lack of supply. But SSD prices probably aren't going any lower anytime soon. Yeah, I mean, that makes sense too, because we're not sure what that Korea-Japan dispute is going to do to prices, but spot prices on I think Ram are already starting to rise a little bit. So, I can't imagine that that wouldn't affect some other markets as well. It's such a weird situation. Remember, like just a year ago, we were talking about like, oh, is the high price of video cards ever going to end with these minors? And now video cards are like, oh my gosh, they're within range. You can actually buy them, but hurry up and buy your SSDs in your Ram, folks, because that might be the next one to go up. It's been a little odd to watch. Like, you know, the RTX 2060 and 2070 Super Cards are out or at least 2060s are easy to find. Those 5700s aren't going to be available to later this month. But yeah, definitely if you're thinking about Ram, if you're thinking about an SSD, just go ahead and upgrade that now. So it sounds like the short version of this, sorry, Sarah, is get yourself a Ryzen CPU and then look at the NVIDIAs and the AMD 5700s. Yeah, it's really tempting. If you're going to spend $350 for, you know, a GPU, you probably don't need to unless you're gaming at a higher resolution than 1080p. But if you are looking at that and you aren't particularly obsessed with ray tracing, i.e. the RTX stuff from NVIDIA, those 5700s are looking really sweet right now. Yeah, I guess my, before we move on, Patrick, my question is gaming, well, I don't care so much personally, but I definitely do care about video editing. So of all of the options that we ran through, if somebody was going to, I don't know, build a rig from scratch and I know in my case, the editing itself doesn't really bog me down too much, but the encoding does. Where would you point me? I would point you towards the fastest or the most number of cores you can get on a Ryzen processor. When I went from my last Intel processor on my primary desktop to the 1800X, my render speed, I want to say, was like 50% or 75% faster because I was throwing so many cores at it. You know, from my 1800X, which is a pretty fast processor, if I go to a 3700X, it's going to render video 33% faster. If I can, you know, if I can find the 3900X, they're really difficult to find right now. That's the $500 processor. I'm going to render twice as fast. And so depending on which processor you're running right now, it could be twice as fast. It could be, you know, two or three times as fast as the processor you're running now. So for me, that's like, you know, going from a 10-minute render to a five-minute render. And that's huge. Well, gamers and video editors alike, thank you for participating in our subreddit. You know who you are. You can submit stories and vote on others. Any tech news story applies at dailytechnewshow.reddit.com. We're also on Facebook. Join our group if you haven't already. Facebook.com slash groups slash Daily Tech News Show. We also get those electronic mails, don't we? We do. And in fact, we got one. It's funny that you mentioned it, Tom, from Alan, from the cornfields of Southern Illinois. So I don't know if he's your rival or he's your peer. I'm from the soy field. So, you know, yeah. All right. He's pretty cool. He's cool. All right, cool. Alan is invited to the barbecue. Alan says, I found it interesting that you have issues with a robot bartender, but not a robot car. As always, I love your tech show. Keeps me in the loop. I love your artwork. And to Alan, I say, whoever said that we have no issues with robot cars. But all we do is talk about the issues with the robot. Yeah, I will say for myself, I probably expressed slightly more skepticism of the robot bartender than the robot car than the autonomous cars because I feel like so many people criticize the autonomous cars. Right. Right. Yeah. We had a few people writing about this and kind of, you know, reemphasizing Roger's point about like, yeah, this is, this seems to be for restaurants and, you know, and agreeing with the idea of like, if it's not a professional bartender who knows what they're doing, I'd actually rather the robot make it. Maybe. Yeah. Seems like it would just, I don't know. It would be more consistent perhaps. You know, don't have to worry about if robots having a bad day, poor is going to be the same until, you know, we reach the point where robots take over and then it's a whole different story. The idea of a robot bartender put you off, Patrick. I, you know, I, uh, there's a whole series of science fiction stories from the forties about a sort of blackout alcoholic inventor. I found this massive 1944 book of anthology of science fiction stories. Um, so I'm laughing because a, I turned out to be an alcoholic blackout drinker and be, uh, one of his great stories involved him inventing a, a liquor organ where he would type in the recipe on a keyboard and the alcohol would fly out. So I'm just always delighted when technology catches up to the science fiction I read when I was eight years old.  You know what I mean?  And by the way, the robot's probably not going to spot me like a free drink on every third order and it probably doesn't have a heavy thumb. So screw the robot overlord bartenders. We could all, I mean, we could also, we could apply this to, you know, the, uh, the kale avocado smoothies. True. Right. You know, do what, I don't have a robot for giving me the perfect smoothie. Well, uh, to, to Patrick's point, uh, Len Peralto couldn't be with us today, but he did illustrate the show ahead of time, uh, about this email, the art is titled Robo car versus Robo bartender. And is a robot in a car with the words, don't mix and drive. Please. Nor, nor should you, your robot bartender should not be operating the robot car. The robot car should have its own AI separately. I think that's important. Uh, and if you'd like to get a copy of lens print, go to Len Peralto store.com. Or if you're a patron of lens at patreon.com slash Len, you already have it. It's there in your Patreon. Go check it out. Patreon.com slash Len. Yeah. We miss you, Len Peralto on the show today, but thank you for supplying your art. You are a genius as always. Also a genius, Patrick Norton, Patrick Norton, where I can people keep up with the rest of your work. Uh, tweet.tv slash Twitch is this week in computer hardware and a b Excel.com is a good place to go. Excellent. Thanks to everybody who supports us on Patreon, patreon.com slash D T N S keeps us with the lights on. It would be very dark if you weren't supporting us at patreon.com slash D T N S and we want to know what you think. Take our survey at daily tech news show.com slash survey. Our email address is feedback at daily tech news show.com. Keep those emails coming. We love to read them and you might make it on a future show. We're also live Monday through Friday at 4 30 p.m. Eastern 20 30 UTC and you can find out more at daily tech news show.com slash live. See you Monday folks. This show is part of the frog pants network. Get more at frogpants.com. Time and club hopes you have enjoyed this program.