President Macron, Madam Chancellor, incoming President of the European Commission, incoming President of the European Central Bank, ladies and gentlemen, I am extremely pleased to be here today to express my gratitude to President Mario Draghi for his extraordinary commitment to serve Europe. I also wish to convey my best wishes to the incoming President Christina Guard for her new appointment and express my full trust in her. Today's ceremony is also an opportunity for us to reflect. Indeed, 20 years have gone by since the establishment of the European Central Bank, and we can definitely say that it's been a positive experience. Mario Draghi took the baton from Jean-Claude Trichet at a time of great change after the first 10 years of monetary union characterized by relatively stable economic conditions, with a moderate and constant growth which the bank fostered and supported. During its first decade of life, the institution built its credibility on the goal of curbing inflation, making sure that it remained within 2 percent in accordance with the objective it had set out. In 2011, however, the impact of the financial crisis imposed a change of pace upon the union and especially the bank. The challenge had readily become an existential one, overcoming the perception or even the risk that the euro system might be on the brink of dissolution. Today, we may consider that possibility and risk as being behind us. Indeed, the bank was able to respond to the sovereign debt crisis, which had an impact on banks and businesses with some widely debated innovative instruments, and it refused to play the role of an entity that was rigidly bound by predefined mechanisms, regardless of the situation. Instead, it adopted a smart and responsive approach and never resigned itself passively to dealing with the consequences of any given situation, while always respecting rigorously the mandate entrusted to it. Indeed, it never ceased to be aware of the limits of monetary policy, while at the same time adhered the pressing request to operate through other levers like fiscal policy and structural reforms, because as often stressed by the president of the bank, we can't place too great an onus upon monetary policy. Once the darkest phase was over, the union had to secure the European economy, especially it had to support the European economy's final recovering by sustaining growth and employment levels. And there were many significant responses, and it was recognized that all the institutions that the union had to do their part. The overall architecture of the single currency became more robust. Common national budget rules were strengthened. The European stability mechanism was created, and the banking system was overhauled, with a consequent introduction of a single supervisory mechanism. Now, the single resolution mechanism, in case of bank failures, was thus established, along with the European system to protect bank deposits, although a European deposit insurance came easier to be completed. Over the past eight years, Mario Draghi, an authoritatively served a more solid and inclusive Europe. He perceived the defense of the single currency as a battle to be fought, with a determination against the forces that wanted to see a crumble. With great courage, a courage that was rational, because it was always supported by analyses produced by the institution itself and the Council in its collegiality, in a context which by its very nature is characterized by uncertain individual and market conditions. A courage that enabled him to listen to dissentee and critical opinions, but also appreciate the contribution of those who challenged consolidated visions. Today, I think we can say that the European economic system is sounder. Employment levels have risen and are higher on average than in 1999. The European banking system is more compact. There is a higher degree of integration, greater convergence, but especially, and this is one of the greatest achievements of the past few years, popular support for the Euro has gone back to being especially high. Today, I think we're also given the opportunity to look at what still needs to be done in this vast continent of ours, especially in order to strengthen the Eurozone. We must not forget that competition with the world's great economic areas has become truly fierce, and more than ever, size has become a crucial element to be able to influence the course of events in order to protect our societies and citizens. In the current context, to complete, completing the European project is an existential need if the Union intends to truly become a global actor. On February the 22nd, the University of Bologna awarded Mario Draghi an honoris causa degree, and I'd like to repeat some of the words of his Lectio Magistralis. In today's world, interconnections, technological, financial, and commercial are so powerful that only the largest states are able to be independent and sovereign at the same time, and not even completely. And then he added, the European Union is the one institutional construction that in many areas has allowed its member states to be sovereign. It is a shared sovereignty, preferable to a non-existent one. I'd like to borrow those words from him because I believe that the protection of the European country's sovereignty lies with the European Union. The quantity and quality of the steps and measures required to face a new international scenario call for a further and responsible change of pace, which must also involve the European Parliament, for it is the expression of the European people. We must all have courage. I don't think it must have been easy for President Draghi in the thick of the crisis to say whatever it takes, whatever it takes, as long as it takes for the good of Europe and of future generations. That is what we must all absolutely do. Dear Mario, Professor Draghi, as a European citizen, I wish to say thank you.


It's time for the Lawn Jean Chronoscope, a television journal of the important issues of the hour brought to you every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, a presentation of the Lawn Jean Wittner Watch Company, maker of Lawn Jean, the world's most honored watch, and Wittner, distinguished companion to the world-honored Lawn Jean. Good evening. This is Frank Knight. May I introduce our co-editors for this edition of the Lawn Jean Chronoscope? Larry Lusser from the CBS television news staff and Kenneth Crawford, senior editor of National Affairs for News Make Magazine. Our distinguished guest for this evening is the Honorable John Stennis, senator from Mississippi. Senator Stennis, as a member of the Armed Services Committee, you've just returned from a wide-ranging tour of our overseas military bases. Can you tell us, sir, do you think the country is now in a secure position? Yes, I do. Along with Senator Case and Senator Duff, we traveled to these military installations on the ground, views off them, all the way from Scotland through England, all over France, Germany, and went through Spain and on down into Morocco, across the Tripoli and on into Turkey. And the thing that impressed me and really amazed me was the amount of actual striking power that we have there on those bases ready for action now. When I mean striking power, I mean a military installation, the safe instance in our base. It has the runways, it has the fuel, it has the planes, it has the men, pilots, navigators, all supporting crews, it has ammunition. Senator, what what do you think can and should be done about home defense, that is continental defense, as distinct from your... I think the best possible home defense is to have strong striking power out on these firing lines, these very places that I've been telling you about. We have those line of bases there three deep, rimming the possible enemy, and I think the radar defenses of this country, continental defense as you call it, those have their places to an extent, but it comes to a choice between the two. My idea is to put our money and our time, our effort on the fine power because there's your retaliation. Well, Senator, if we really have bases overseas in pretty good shape now, you think it's possible to make some economies over there on our defense? Well, I think that that will come now. We've got to continue their construction. Those bases are not all completed. They range anywhere from 95% of completion down to some of them have just started. I think the physical properties must be put there. We must continue our construction program. Then we can think in terms of reducing the cost of operations, the maintenance, and without weakening our strength, I mean, without decreasing our strength, without weakening our military striking power there, I think we can reduce the number of men that we have engaged in military action. Well, Senator, did you see actually any waste over there? Well, there was waste in the beginning of those construction programs. Yes. There was some bad management. Some of our militaries to blame some, our contractors to blame some. But that was then in the crash landing stage of the job. I think as a whole, they've done a mighty good job. Senator. Most part of the waste has been eliminated in that construction. Senator, what impression did you get of the progress or lack of progress of the European defense community? And will that take some of this load off our shoulders eventually? Well, now, this European defense community, as I understand it, is the NATO powers and the European defense community as one unit composed of Germany and France and Italy and the Netherlands and one or two others going to supply military forces and in England going to supply it and we're going to supply it. These, the plan for Germany was to have 12 divisions, not an army of their own, but 12 divisions within the European defense command. Now, Germany has just held an election. I think it's the big news in Europe in the last several years. They overwhelmingly carried that issue to go into this European defense command and have the German divisions under the unified command. Now it's up to France and Italy. They have never agreed to this plan, although it's substantially what France proposed. I think the time has come for action. I think that the good effects of the German elections will be dissipated within three or four months and this action is obtained. And unless France comes on in, puts up their part, agrees to Germany being armed within these limits that I've said, I think we must have an alternative plan that will go on and put in effect this plan without Italy or without France if they decide not to come in. Well, some of the time for actions here, the elections in Germany will be dissipated on this point and much of the good effects, all of it lost unless action is had within three or four months. Well, Senator Stennis, I know you're a Mississippi Democrat, of course, but do you agree with Defense Secretary Wilson that it may be possible for us to withdraw some of our troops from overseas? Well, I agree with him to this extent, withdraw them because other forces have been substituted and better ways of doing the same job have been learned doing the same job with fewer troops. I would not want to withdraw our striking power now because I think that is the deterrent. I think it's been successful in operation as a deterrent. And I think it's going a long ways towards preventing World War Three. Well, may I ask you, sir, do you think the Russians may possibly think that this ring of air bases is really an aggressive in intent? Well, it looks aggressive to them, perhaps they know our record that we've never gone on a program of aggression. We emphasize that now. Of course, the Russians claim that that's our purpose. I think they're very greatly impressed with that striking power that rims them three rims deep all the way from these areas that I've mentioned. But I think they can argue with some logic that it is aggressive. I think they know in their mind that it's not primarily aggression that we will not move unless they move. But I do think they know we'll move with the greatest striking power that's ever been assembled in the history of the world if they make the first move. Senator, that aside from our military strength overseas, did you gain any impression of the situation in Europe and Europe economically speaking? Oh, yes, I was very much impressed with the fine economists developed there, especially compared with four years ago when I was there. The shops were all full of goods. There were business going on in various ways. And then I went down in the farms, went down in the field, visited in these farm homes and down in the barn, saw the cows that they hogs, saw the chickens and saw the produce got into the market in phase. Their problems they have there with reference to marketing their crops, their grains and their hay, their meats. Senator, we're having a little trouble at home, apparently, about farm prices. How do you feel about that? Are you satisfied with the present farm price support program or do you think it has to be something? I'm pretty well satisfied with the one that's on the books now. I want this substantial, this program continued, a rigid price support for basic commodities that can be stored. I said in a speech in Mississippi last July that I believe that that program would come either through this administration or another administration. I believe now that the next session of the Congress will enact a law that will be a substantially continuation, extending for at least two more years that present rigid price supports for basic, storable commodities. At 90 percent of power. At 90 percent of power. Well, Senator, I think that should be done. I believe it'll come to that. Senator, the Wisconsin election, which occurred while you were away, probably indicated that the farmers, at least in Wisconsin, are not too satisfied that Secretary Benson feels it as they do about this matter. Rather, they seem to feel more as you do. And there has been some call for Benson's resignation. What do you think about that? Well, I think that a farm program will be enacted by the next session of the Congress that's somewhat contrary to the announcements made by Secretary Benson when he first took office. I it'll be this 90 percent of priority for the basic, storable commodities. Now, I hope that he doesn't quit or resign. I have too much respect for his ability and his fine character and his great sincerity to wanting to resign. If he can find a basis to serve on, if this new policy is enacted, I think he could. Why, he will doubtless continue. That's my opinion. You do feel, however, that his idea of more flexible supports will not prevail. That is correct. Yes, I think we'll have the more rigid support. Well, Senator Benson, if farm prices are so low these days, how do you account for the fact that food prices here in the cities are so high? Well, I think that the sell in the end of the game has been very, very effective. Now, those prices have not come down, even though the raw product that the farmer has to sell has been greatly reduced, particularly with reference to meat. You know, we have high-powered sales organization now and they're very effective. And the cost of processing and retailing, of course, is very high. But those prices are not reflected in the retail trade. And that's one reason why the farmer's caught. The retail prices are not down. He's caught between that squeeze. High production and low produce. Well, thank you very much, Senator Stennis. It's been a great pleasure to have you here with us tonight. The opinions that you've heard and our speakers expressed tonight have been entirely their own. The editorial board for this edition of the Laun Jean Chronoscope was Larry Lecer of the CBS television news staff and Kenneth Crawford, Senior Editor of National Affairs for Newsweek Magazine. Our distinguished guest was the honorable John Stennis, Senator from Mississippi. 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Hey everyone, this is Helena Hart from commitmentconnection.com and welcome to my interview with Carlos Cavallo on how to communicate with a man in a way that brings him closer. Carlos is a really amazing dating and relationship coach and expert in communication so I'm so excited to be talking with him today. Welcome Carlos, thank you so much for being here. It's great to be here too, thank you. Great, so I just want to jump right in. If you wouldn't mind sharing a little bit about how you came to this work and became a dating and relationship coach, that would be great. Sure, I mean a lot of it came from, I think as a lot of people do, it came from my own failures and the relationships that I was experiencing. You know, I learned first for myself and then of course to pass on to other people and I started out coaching guys both with dating relationships and generally just how to be more attractive men but also doing a little bit of life coaching in there and I kind of went into a self-immersion program of understanding not what should be in relationships but how things really are and then how we create relationships based on the reality of how people and how people work within a relationship and the real differences between men and women. I love that, thank you for sharing that, it's great. So what are some of the biggest mistakes you see women making when it comes to communicating with men and talking with them? Well, these are going to probably be, I'm hoping they're going to be different than what many people have heard before but one of the real big ones that I noticed was when women deflect compliments. When a guy is complimenting a woman, he's actually trying to give her a gift. It's literally like giving a gift and if she deflects it with, oh you know, there's a very funny video, I think it's Amy Schumer, where they do this back and forth of women that kind of deflect the other women's comments and compliments because it's not acceptable among women. Well for guys, it's actually essential when a guy compliments you, you've got to be willing to accept it because otherwise it's like a gift you're turning away. Another big one that I've seen is not expressing admiration and appreciation for what a guy does within the context of a relationship. It's very huge. A lot of women don't realize that a man feels loved within a relationship to the degree, the degree that you actually appreciate them for it. It's like your gift back to him. So admiration and appreciation is a very important factor in men feeling love. That's great, yes. I'm totally guilty of that first one and I tend to like shut down when someone compliments me. It's really, I'm just starting to get used to like even staying open to be able to hear that. So that was a great one and how would a woman convey appreciation or admiration to a guy? Like are there specific phrases or words that she should use when she's doing that? You know the easiest thing is just to say it, I mean just say, well I really appreciate you doing that. That's it. I mean and if it's sincere, he'll feel it and he'll take it in, give him time to take it in and it's kind of like a little warm glow inside us that really inspires us in terms of the relationship. Men will give a whole lot more once that batteries are charged in them. I completely agree. I really found that like acknowledgement and appreciation are kind of like the fuel that men run on, especially masculine energy men so I could not agree more. Why do you think men and women have such different communication styles? Well, men and women grew up hanging out with and bonding with more of their own gender typically, right? And not to be flippant, we're different because men and women are different in terms of brain development and the communication areas of our brains. And it's a fact that our brains have significant differences in the strengths that we have. Men learn to communicate facts. They also learn how to communicate to establish status. That's how boys grow up and why they're always putting each other down and trying to one up each other and compete. It's basically to win and to demonstrate independence and strength, whereas women learn to communicate to fit in to not be threatening or confrontational and women also communicate to connect. So when we understand the natural inclination, then we can recognize that when they happen in conversation. I call it observing ego, where you can kind of stand outside yourself a little bit and observe as if you're like a third party in the conversation that's watching the interaction. But again, if we fight reality and expect the opposite sex to be just like us, we're always going to end up frustrated and we're going to be defeated because we're really arguing against reality. We have to learn how to see things from the other side. That is totally brilliant. I've actually never heard it put that way before. So thank you for that. I totally agree. So let's start from the beginning, something that women ask me a lot is like when they're starting to date a new man, what are some questions that she could ask him or things to talk about that will really bring him closer right at the beginning of the relationship? One of the best things you can do and I teach this actually to both men and women is to do something a little bit unexpected, which is to ask a really meaningful question. I call them power questions. One of the ones, I'll give you an example here, a good example of a power question was something I used to use when I was doing speed dating. I knew that first of all, everybody was asking the same question. So where are you from? How long you've been here, blah, blah, blah. And it's always boring, especially in a limited time context. So what I started doing was using interesting questions. One of the ones I used to use was, what are you doing to make the world a better place? And then they'd be like, oh, I don't know. They kind of threw them off a little bit, and then they kind of got into it because it's a bigger question. It's a much more interesting question. Another good one is if you could have any career or job in the world, what would it be? That one's a little less daunting. Or give them a dilemma question, which is really fun too, where you ask them, would you get a really big visible tattoo to save an endangered species? And those questions can also help you kind of figure out their moral compass along the way too. So asking questions is good, but even better is just observe their behavior as you're asking these questions and see how they respond and kind of read between the lines. I really like that. Yeah, it's different. You're right. Men and women both kind of are sick of hearing the same questions over and over, and that's why they don't like dating or online dating. I totally agree. So to understand men better, what do women need to know to like read his signals?  Do you have any tips for everyone watching when it comes to that? Yeah, one of the big questions I get is probably one of I think the biggest questions that women have about men is why men pull away or why do they become distant within a relationship? And it's often misunderstood and obviously not knowing the reasons actually creates something. Well, it's something I call the disconnection feedback loop. See, men usually disconnect or they unplug from a relationship to recapture their sense of masculinity. A lot of women interpret it as being something they did wrong. But what happens is he wants to get close and men are very intensely close right up at the very start, but after a certain period of time, he has to pull back. And again, it has nothing to do with her. A man doesn't feel completely like a man when he's intensely connected to a woman for too long of a time. He needs to be able to connect it in cycles. It's kind of like catching your breath after you're exercising. The exercise feels great, but you need to catch your breath and then you can come back at it with more renewed focus and more energy. So that's one of the really important dynamics that women have to understand about why men do that. Yeah. Oh my gosh. Yes. That's probably like one of the number one questions I get are women coming to me like, what do I do? And we take it personally. We think, I mean, a lot of times this has nothing to do with her really, but we can tend to take it personally or think we did something wrong. And then we think like, well, if we caused it, then we can fix it, right? And then we do all the things that just push him further and further away. So I love what you're saying that. So what should a woman do in a circumstance like that? The man starts to back off after they spent a significant amount of time together. What would you recommend she do? Well, the best thing to do is also the hardest thing to do, which is to just let him. I mean, literally the best thing you could do would literally be pushing him where you would push him to, you know, back into his cave or back to get a little bit of a breather where you say, hey, you know what, we both have probably busy weeks going on. Why don't we catch up again next weekend and see what's going on? You know, instead of trying to push or for something to happen during the week, push him away. And that gives him a feeling of loss and of space that he wants to reclaim, right? It's what we call a positive feedback loop. It gives him something to pull on instead of something to push away. Because the big mistake is to try and cling and try and pull him back in when he's really trying to get that breather he needs. It's stifling, it's smothering, he needs it.  He'll be more receptive to it. That is perfect. Wow, this is really valuable information. This is just going to be so helpful for everybody. What else, when it comes to like signals and reading his signals, I would love to hear more about what you have to say on that. Well, again, the feedback loop we get into, where a guy pulls away because he needs to attend to his own feelings of masculinity, but he doesn't tell you when that's going on is really huge. But mostly it assumes, he's assuming that you're okay with it. You're going to be okay with it, but not understanding that a woman feels the disconnection in there. So one of the things that I tell a woman to do is that each side kind of has their own mysteries about how they react to a relationship and how they respond in a relationship. And a really good thing for a woman to do is to let a guy know that this happens. Because a lot of women have that experience of feeling a little bit of panic when a guy pulls away. And she can even explain it like that. She can say something like, you know, I'm working on myself. I'm doing a lot of things and trying to be more aware of what goes on in a relationship.  Because sometimes guys aren't even really aware that they are possibly neglecting her in a lot of ways. It's just, it doesn't simply enter his mind. So her bringing it out makes him more aware and cognizant of it. I love that. I'm really like a huge fan of very like straightforward, direct communication, but still being soft and feminine at the same time that was perfect. What you said, that actually brings me to my next question. So if there's something that a man is doing or not doing, let's say a woman wants her man to do something or wants him to stop doing something, how can she best communicate this to him in a way that's really going to bring him closer that he's going to respond positively to it?  Well, you don't want things to fester. If there's something that you want or need in a relationship, you should be able to communicate it. But one thing you have to avoid is the way you communicate something, it's more about the way it's communicated, right? It's never, it should never be chastising him verbally. It should never be any kind of punishment or berating. Sometimes a woman can, actually very frequently, a woman can communicate indirectly her discomfort with something and it comes across as being a little bit passive-aggressive because the woman doesn't want to be confrontational, right? So she's going to communicate it in a way that she hopes he gets the hint, but unfortunately he won't. So we don't want to do that in public. You don't ever want to chastise him verbally. Again, the easiest thing to do is that. So the best way to get him to do something that you want him to do is to aspire him to do it. And the best thing to do is to appreciate the behavior before it's actually demonstrated. For example, let's say she's got a problem with him being a little bit messy around the house. And one of the good things she can do is to point out and acknowledge him for the things that she wants him to do. She can say something like, honey, I noticed the bedroom is usually pretty tossed by the time we get ready to go to work. Can you help me with straightening it out before we leave? And then when he does do that, you got to acknowledge it. Just say, thank you so much for doing whatever it is. Clean up the bedroom, not leaving your underwear in the sink, whatever it is. Perfect. I really love that great example. And what about like when women are more in the beginning stages of dating? Let's say she wants a man to call her more or plan a date or be more affectionate, something like that. I hear from women a lot who just kind of want more from a man. Is there a way that they can communicate some of those kinds of things? Early on, you're always a little bit more skittish because it's that unstable, insecure zone of not knowing. But again, being kind of upfront and being clear with your communication is always going to be better than trying to be clever or indirect with it. You got to be... Communication, they often say, is a much broader definition than a lot of us are used to. We think of communication as being us speaking to a person, but really it's us speaking to the person, seeing that they understood and then getting them to kind of feed it back to us. So we know they got what we said and that can be tricky too. So in the start of a relationship, are you talking about a specific situation at the start of a relationship? Yeah, anything. Let's say a woman wants a guy to call her more and not text. I hear that one a lot, or she wants to be more affectionate or more proactive, something like that. One of the things guys respect more than anything is a very direct request for whatever it is you want. So if that's what you want, again, don't hint it to them because guys are terrible at subtleties and communication. You got to be more direct. So if he's texting you, you let the text go back and forth and then just finish it with, hey, let's catch up by phone later. What time are you available? Very direct like that. Now a woman's going to be like, oh my god, I can't do that. That's too direct and confrontational, but trust me, that's how men communicate. And we appreciate that coming from a woman is very direct and simple communication. Yeah, I completely agree. Men are, in my experience, are pretty... They're not inferential. They don't always get our hints. Even though we think we're communicating them strongly, they don't always get it. So I know men really appreciate that straightforward, direct communication, especially if we're not making them wrong or not doing something. So I love that. That was great. Let me switch gears a little bit. How would a woman know if she should keep trying to make her current relationship work or end her relationship and start over and try and find somebody new? That's another situation I hear from a lot with women. Yeah, it's tricky because nobody really likes to tell somebody, oh, you should dump that person or whatever. We always want to encourage them to give it their best shot. But there are a lot of relationships that are better off ended sooner rather than later. And really to accept that, we have to be very accepting of the fact that most relationships don't work out.  So you've got to be willing to go through a lot of relationships. So you have to listen to your heart to give you that final answer. But you do have to realize that when you're in a relationship, it's probably the toughest decision to make. Your viewpoint is going to be skewed. You've got an emotional investment. There are hormones in both men and women's bodies that keep you actually addicted to the relationship itself, the interaction back and forth. And it's also the path of least resistance to stay in a relationship. The hardest thing to do is to leave the known for the unknown that could be worse than what we have. It's that saying better than the double you know than the double you don't know. So we're going to be more tempted to stay in it. Oh, it could be worse. You start to rationalize things. That's why the best thing you can do at the start of any relationship or actually before you get into a relationship is to make a list of the things that are must-haves for you. You've got to have and the list of things that you don't want in a relationship and always be a little cold and critical. Sometimes you got to kind of take your emotions out of it to get the right answer to be able to compare it to what you want and what you're not getting. So if you have that idea in your head, it'll be a lot easier for you to make that decision down the road. That is brilliant. I love that. I know I was like the queen of staying in relationships way too long. And this is Leo. I told you he'd probably jump in here. He always, as soon as I stood up the camera, he always just wants to point in on the conversation. So yeah, I would always, I don't know a woman on this planet actually who hasn't stayed in a relationship way longer. But I totally agree with what you said. It's that unknown is so scary sometimes. So like how, what would you tell a woman who's sort of at that place where she is ready to find something else better for herself, but she's scared of the unknown? Do you have any tips for someone in that situation? Well, one of the best things you can do is to kind of ground yourself in your own reality. I mean, think back to the time before this relationship. You were probably in a similar situation. You didn't have anybody necessarily. You weren't, you may not have been dating anyone. You might have been in a period where you weren't seeing anybody. You were dealing with the uncertain DNA time. So you were okay. What's got you spooked right now is the fact that you're also going to be losing something you've already got. And as the saying goes, we're always much more afraid of losing what we have than what we could possibly gain. So you have to also balance it with the future hope of really finding the match that you want. If you've got a good idea of the kind of relationship you want, and you can imagine that clearly in your head, well, then you've got something to look forward to and something to kind of carry it past a lot of the uncertainty and anxiety going out on your own again. I totally agree. I know it can be just a really scary place to be in, but everyone I found was in a great relationship at some point had to take that step into the unknown. Absolutely. So I love everything you said about that. What would you say is like the most important quality to look for in a partner and in ourselves even in order to have a really like successful fulfilling relationship? Well, I have a skill that I call, it's called, it's a little wordy, but it's called looking at you looking at me. And what it is, it's cultivating this ability to see through the eyes of our partners and ourselves. We've got to be able to see how the other person is perceiving us and kind of against it goes back to what I was talking about before where you can step out of your side and observe from a more removed viewpoint. I think that's probably one of the most important things because you have to be able to look at your own needs, your own, any situation, you know, even if it's down to something where it might be like a jealousy pervoking event, you're out with your significant other and he or she's talking to somebody else, you've got to be able to step out a little bit from yourself and detach from your emotions and be able to disconnect. And it's a tricky one because it's probably, from what I've seen, it's one of the hardest to acquire, but also the most important to have. It's not just valuable in your relationship, it's also valuable in business and negotiation and working with people. Any interpersonal skill requires you to kind of step outside of yourself and look at something from a detached perspective. Yes, absolutely. Wow. That can be difficult though. Is there any, I mean, how specifically can someone do that? Like what's the first step? Let's say they're in like an emotionally charged situation with their partner and it can be hard to step out of that. Do you have any tips on how they can actually do that? Yeah, one of the best ways would be through journaling, which is a popular thing for women I think to do is it starts out with your writing in a diary when you're younger. Even guys do it, it gives you a perspective and that's really what we're talking about, is perspective. It's kind of like climbing up on a mountain to look down on everything and see what it looks like from a more detached viewpoint. You can do that through journaling.  How are you responding to that? What was it you felt that made you say that thing that might not have gone over so well? Where are your emotions coming into play and that sort of thing? Journaling is excellent for that and I highly recommend everybody use that for the relationships but it also gives you that ability to go back and look at something that happened with a new perspective that lets you improve as you move through a relationship instead of falling into old patterns. I love that. I can just imagine.  Yeah, I love that. That's a really, really great tool. So once we're in a relationship, how can we be sure to communicate with our partner in a way that our needs get met or that we get what we want, we get everything we need in the relationship itself? Yeah, that's really important. One of the things is, well first of all to watch out for those dysfunctional little loops that we get into. Sometimes we have hot buttons and our partner pushes the hot button and then we react to it and then they react to our reaction and then we get into this kind of a crazy tornado of emotion. That's one thing to watch out for. So understand and know your own hot buttons and what triggers you. A lot of couples fall into what I call a pattern of indirect communication. They assume things that are being communicated or understood or leave things unspoken and hopes that the other person should just kind of know what they meant by it or know what they were meaning and you got to avoid that elephant in the room to avoid the possibility of the person maybe rejecting you or revoking their love. These are all fears that come into play in a relationship. Again, knowing your hot buttons, but you got to have a little bit more willingness to be more direct with your communication. Just kind of step out of your comfort zone, be willing to press into that space of being a little bit more persistent and it's probably what a lot of people like to call assertiveness. It's not being annoying, it's not being aggressive, it's being assertive, it's making sure that both needs are being met in the relationship. That is great and I'm like laughing over here because I've found we tend to find people or attract people who like push those buttons in us or know exactly how to push your buttons in a way that just drives you crazy. So do you have any like specific scripts or things to say? Let's say you have certain things that you're sensitive about or that you have a button that could be pushed, would you do recommend like communicating that with your partner up front or like before it happens or after? What's your suggestion there? Yeah, I definitely recommend you do that. I think it's actually, it's very important for women to do this for a lot of reasons. Number one is guys are hyper sensitive to what we call that a clingy needy girl. The one that we assume is going to kind of overwhelm us with the need to have a relationship when we're not quite ready. Most guys are ready for relationships by the way and what happens is we can kind of get spooked easily. So one of the ways you can avoid that is to communicate something that you know triggers you just very simply putting it out there with a story is the best way. Just have a little story about a previous time that it happened like, oh my god, I got to tell you about this. This one girlfriend of mine has always managed to push my buttons like this and then you just kind of explain the situation where it actually came up. He'll have a context and he'll be able to understand that. You can't just say, oh you know what it really pushes my buttons when people just text me back, hey instead of okay and don't reply and then full text. He needs a little bit more of an example and that really does a good job of like I call it training him to not do those things to not push those buttons. So communicating with stories always a good way to go. That is great. I've actually never heard it put that way before. So thank you for that. What about after it's happened? Let's say a man says something that really hurt your feelings. Maybe he wasn't I'm sure he wasn't aware. Most men aren't trying to hurt you. They're just sometimes clueless about those buttons, you know. So what would you recommend a woman say to a man after the fact? A good way to do it is to be a little bit self-deprecating about it. Make sure first of all that you are past most of the emotions of it because sometimes the emotions of the moment can make you communicate it in a little bit harsher way that you might interpret as being an accusation. Guys are very sensitive to things that trigger a woman's anger or don't please a woman because it's just this little thing in our psychology we're always trying to make women happy. It's a very big drive that most women don't even know about that guys have. So be careful that you don't do that. You don't want to communicate something that might make them think oh my god she's rejecting me based on that but come back with something very just slightly self-deprecating is fun but with a little bit of humor like oh my god so let me can I tell you something about one weird way that I respond to things and let him give you permission to actually do that first.  That helps a lot because now he's kind of a part of the interaction instead of just the receiver that you're throwing the stuff at that's a really good way to do it and then you can kind of go into a detail about so it kind of may be able to feel a little bit weird you know just describe the experience from your perspective and the way your emotions came up without bringing him into it as much as you can and you'd be amazed at how much more responsive he'll be first by asking if you can and then by bringing in your actual experience to it. I love that it's almost like owning your experience like rather than holding a man responsible for your feeling just sort of sharing your feelings without making him wrong or I found men like they can handle our anger and our emotions they just don't like it when we say it's their fault like you made you made me upset or you hurt me or you disrespected me is that do I have that right that's something I really experienced. Yeah that's that's very important in fact because when you do attribute it to us or make it even slightly seem like there's it's our fault even if it is our fault it really puts a guy on the defensive as it does to a woman too right it's pretty it's probably one of those things that we both both sides do equally so really do that and then another thing actually is to also understand I have a saying it comes from Steve and Coby which is understand first and then be understood so maybe it's a good idea before you go into your trigger and what happened and why you know he did what he did find out why he did what he did kind of ask him a question about that just say hey it was kind of curious you said this what you know I'm not sure maybe I misunderstood that and let him explain it and you'd be surprised that what he said and what he actually meant were actually pretty far apart and then you can go oh okay because I totally misunderstood that and you'd be surprised how that clears it up right there you don't even have to go into a lot of detail about it. Yeah I'm laughing again over here yeah absolutely men do not always mean what we think they mean like I found our perception about what a man means is like wrong so much of the time because it's going through our own filters and perspective and everything so that was really helpful this this has been I just can completely like I don't know that this is really really helpful you're talking about things in ways that I haven't heard them before so I know everyone got so much out of this thank you so much and where do people um where do people go to learn more about you and what are you know do you have a free gift to offer everyone listening I'm sure everyone's gonna want to go take advantage of that. Sure definitely um well of course the best gift is just to get on my newsletter get all the great stuff I've got for free I mean I send up videos and all sorts of stuff like that but I've got a a quiz that I know women love taking it's called uh does he love you and you can get that actually at datingadviceguru.com forward slash does he love you or does he love me I think I have it under both in case you you change the pronoun but that quiz it's actually on the site you'll find it all over the site gives you a quick quiz to figure out whether or not he's as into you and the relationship as you might think he is perfect I love it so datingadviceguru.com slash does he love you do I have that right does he love you yep perfect well this has been amazing I actually learned a lot so thank you so much and uh yeah hopefully we can do this again yeah this is really great thank you


Hello everyone and welcome to ongoing election coverage by Town Meeting Television. I am joined today with Andrew Brown, the President of the Board of Trustees in Essex Junction as well as Brad Luck, who is the interim co-manager. Thank you so much for joining us today. Thank you for having us. And this is our first time back in the studio for a couple of years for you guys. How does it feel to be back in, back in person? I was just commenting to Brad, it's odd to be here for the first time in three years as well as walking in and seeing you all in three dimensions for the first time in a while. It's quite nice. Well, it's really great to have you here. I'm glad we could be doing this for everyone. And we are bringing this forum in advance of Town Meeting election on Tuesday, April 12th. And this is a little different than most town's town meetings, which has, have already happened. Could you tell us a little bit about that? Yeah, so we have our Village Annual Meeting in April, largely to help align with the voting that happens with our school district. This way when we ask our community to vote on something, our residents will need to vote once on one ballot as compared to coming out multiple times. So hopefully we make it easier for the community by having it in April as compared to March. Additionally, being a village that means we're a municipality within another municipality, so in previous years, sometimes the decision that would happen from the town may impact the village. Gotcha. That makes sense. Thank you. And sort of along those lines, Essex Junction is really in the throes of separation right now. Could you tell us a little bit about where we are at in that process and where you're going moving forward? Yeah, so Essex Junction is becoming the independent city of Essex Junction. And what that means is we are separating into our own community. As the community voted on that bill back in April from last year and then again in November, we are now at that point where it has passed the house within Vermont's legislature. It is sitting in the Senate about to have the first hearing hopefully in a few weeks. Hopefully that will then pass within just a couple of months to then go to the governor's desk to then be able to be signed into law. So come July 1st of this year, we would then have the city of Essex Junction. Perfect. Well, thank you so much for that update, Andrew. And we will move right along to our presentation of the budget and ballot items for the Village of Essex Junction. Thank you. Great. Thanks. So we'll start with the FY22 budget. There are the primary driver for the increase in this year's budget is really about positions. You know, we've had consolidated government with the town of Essex for the last nine years or so. And when the current contract expired at the end of February, it was not renewed. So the village slash city will be hiring its own manager, HR director and finance director. Similarly, the recreation departments were co-located at 75 Maple Street, both Essex Junction Recreation and Parks and Essex Parks and Recreation. And since then, Essex Parks and Recreation has moved back to 81 Main Street and the customer service specialists that served both of those organizations has moved back as well. And so that is an increase and an added position for the village. The other large driver is our annual increase in the capital transfer. We've been adding 15 percent to what we transfer into the capital fund each year for the last several years to try and keep ourselves solvent and continue to service the needs of our future capital expenditures. The budget is $6.3 million, an increase of nearly 12 percent, and you can see the drivers there, the salaries and benefits of $565,000. Those new positions that we talked about, plus those annual increases in employee rates and benefits. And then the second largest increase is that capital transfer. There are several other small transfers, but not really significant. The good news, though, is that the actual tax rate is not going up by the same amount. The tax rate is going up by 3.44 percent. Sometimes it can be a little misleading to see that the budget's going up by nearly 12 percent. The tax rate is the one to focus on. That's what hits people's wallets. It's going up 3.44 percent. So an average assessed home in the village is $280,000, and that property tax increase for the village of Essex Junction portion of municipal bills is $32.20. The tax rate is not going up as much as the actual budget increase. Some of our revenues have increased, but most notably, we are utilizing $375,000 of American Rescue Plan Act grant funding to infuse that into this budget to help offset the increase that we're experiencing due to the added positions. The village of Essex Junction is the recipient of $3.2 million in ARPA funds, and so we're using just over 10 percent of that in this year's budget, and we'll have the remaining amount to expend over the next several years. The other factor is that our grand list does grow each year. The average growth over the past three years has been 0.35 percent. So if you live in the village of Essex Junction and own a $280,000 home, this is where your taxes go. 65 percent to the school district, 22 percent to the town of Essex, and 13 percent to the village of Essex Junction. These are capital funds. Our capital reserve fund is budgeted at $620,000 this year for three projects, the Brickyard Culvert, Finishing, Densmore Court, and continuing to work on the Crescent Connector. The Essex Junction Recreation and Parks Capital Fund is $112,000, which is a penny on the grand list for parks-related items, and then you'll see our water, wastewater treatment facility, and sanitation capital funds. All of those funds are generated from users, and so when you pay those rates, those sanitation water rates, they contribute towards those capital funds. Lastly, our enterprise funds. So just to recall, enterprise funds are self-sufficient. All of the revenues that come into those funds pay for all of the expenses that go out of those funds. And so in this case, it's revenues related to recreation, water, wastewater, and sanitation. You can see those budgets there. The largest increase is in the wastewater treatment facility budget, a 10% increase. And that's really being driven by two things. One is there continue to be more and more regulations placed on our wastewater treatment facility that are unfunded from the state, and so we need to continue to budget to manage those. We're also increasing some wastewater staff. We've had some turnover, and we'll continue to see turnover in the next few years, and so we need to start bringing some people on board who are ready to go. Lastly, just to keep our overall budgets down in those accounts, in those enterprise funds, we did change the calculation of administrative fees. We have village staff who help manage those enterprise funds, and they are paid for out of the funds. And because we're adding so much administration to the village staff, we made sure to reduce that increase on fees, and so ultimately, the increase on the budget in the enterprise funds has been kept down by paying attention to that and trying to keep those rates stable. Thank you for that, Brad. And so in addition to the budget, there are also four other articles that are different than what we normally have on the annual ballot, and we wanted to make sure to highlight them today. The first of which is Article 2, being an increase in the unrestricted fund balance. Basically, what this question is asking should the village of Essex Junction, or yeah, can the village of Essex Junction increase the amount of money we have in a rainy day fund from 10% of our budget to 15%. This is recommended by the Government Finance Officers Association, as well as our auditor over the years, has recommended to increase this to 15%, so we are going out to voters to ask whether or not we can do this. The big thing to note here is at the very bottom that any funds over that 15% would be used to reduce or stabilize tax rates in the future budgets, so it wouldn't mean that if we have additional funds beyond that 15%, that we just hold on to it or do other things with it. It would be used to reduce or stabilize a tax rate. The next one is a local option tax, something that currently exists in many other communities in our, not only in the state, but also in our county, so in Burlington, Cold Chester, South Burlington, Willison, and Winooski. If you go to one of these communities and you buy, say, a coffee or you go to one of the box doors in Williston, you may see a local option tax or a 1% tax on your receipt. This is that same type of concept. And the reason we are asking the community for this is if you look at that bottom bullet where it says a capital reserve fund will run out of funds in fiscal year 25 without further increases in general fund transfers or other revenue sources or delaying planned road and sidewalk construction. So without this additional fund, we're still going to have capital projects that need to be funded. And the question is, do we want to ask those who come into our community, utilize the services that our community has, but does not pay property taxes to also contribute to this? Or do we want to look towards increasing just the property tax rate to keep up with our capital expenditures? Article four deals with the question of cannabis retailers and whether or not we in Essex Junction want to approve of allowing cannabis retailers and retail portions of integrated licenses to operate within our community. While the town of Essex has voted on this and approved of it, since we in the village of Essex Junction are a municipality, we also can vote on this and have a differing opinion and or the same. Well, not and or the same. So we can either approve of cannabis or not. Many of the rules in this process are still being developed. And if you have questions or really want more details as to what the rules are and what this means, please do check out the cannabis in the community section of the village's website. One of the other things to note with this is that without a local option tax, the ability to get recurring funding from cannabis does not exist currently other than just a one-time permit fee. And then article five is a question about whether or not the community will allow for the village of Essex Junction to borrow $3,070,000 up to $3,070,000 to replace the water line within Main Street. This is a old water line that has broken well over 10 times in the last 30 years. And as such needs to be replaced. We have our village engineer, we have our public works superintendent who tell us that the number of breaks is increasing rapidly and with each new break, the cost to repair them becomes even higher. And so the question is, can we borrow the money to fix this and pay for it over a period of time? And last but not least in related to the first question that you had asked with Essex Junction independence wanted to make sure that the community knew where this was currently at. And as of now, it is on track to be heard in the Senate, hopefully approval from the Senate within the next few months so that that way before the legislature adjourns, it will then go to the governor for signing and then if signed, the city of Essex Junction would be formed on July 1st of 2022. Well, that's great. Thank you very much to both Brad and Andrew for that update on the village of Essex Junction budget and ballot items for the vote that's happening on the 12th. And before we wrap up here, I just a quick question. What's the impact of the budget on, and this is a question on a lot of folks' minds, what's the impact of the budget on a homeowner in the village of Essex Junction? Brad, I don't know if you want to take that. Yeah, so, I mean, the actual, the dollars impact this year is $32.20 for anybody who has an assessed value, home of $280,000. It's a 3.44% increase, which we think is reasonable. It's certainly well within the current rate of inflation that's taking place. You know, we are always trying to be mindful of keeping that increase down. I think what village homeowners and taxpayers can look forward to is that if this charter does go through and assigned by the governor, we can expect to see a rate decrease next year. You know, we've run through those numbers several times and we know that we can be more efficient and utilize all of our funds for the direct benefit of the taxpayers of the village of Essex Junction when we become our own city. So we're looking forward to that opportunity next year. That's great, thank you very much. And before we wrap up here, I would just like to know if there's anything else either of you would like to add before we finish up? The only other thing that I'd like to add is my appreciation to the community coming out to vote. Well, if you do not mail your ballot in, coming out to vote on April 12th, and appreciate all of the input that we have received over the past couple of years during the pandemic, especially with the advent of hybrid meetings and virtual meetings, which has certainly seen a significant increase in participation. So thank you community. In addition to that, also do wanna thank Brad Luck and Wendy Hisco who have stepped up to fulfill the role of being the interim co-managers for our community during this time. Greatly appreciate their leadership and Brad, your leadership for getting us to the point of where we are with Essex Junction independence. And of course, Channel 17, town meeting television for hosting these. So thank you. Thank you very much and we appreciate you coming here and spending your time to inform community members about what is going to be on their ballot coming up in the next month. And we just wanted to thank all of you for tuning in to Town Meeting TV's ongoing election coverage. And just a reminder, I know I've said it many times, but you can vote on April 12th and you can also vote early as well as Andrew and Brad mentioned. Thank you very much for tuning in today and have a great day.


Thanks guys, hi everybody. Welcome back to the Spheres. My name is Dave Vellante. You're watching theCUBE's continuous coverage of AWS Storage Day. I'm really excited to bring on Wayne Duso. Wayne is the Vice President of AWS Storage Edge and Data Governance Services. Wayne, two Boston boys got to come to Seattle to see each other. Good to see you, man. Good to see you, too. I mean, I'm not really from Boston. The guys from East Boston give me crap for saying that. That's my city, right?  It is my city as well. I'm from Charlestown. I'm right across the ocean. Charlestown is actually legit Boston, you know? I grew up in a town outside, but that's my city, so I'm all the sports fans. So hey, great keynote today. We're going to unpack the keynote and really try to dig into it a little bit. You know, the last 18 months has been pretty bizarre. You know, who could have predicted this? We were just talking to Mylon about some of the permanent changes and even now, it's like day to day. You're trying to figure out, okay, you know, what's next? You know, our business, your business, but clearly, this has been an interesting time, to say the least, and a tailwind for the cloud. Let's face it. How are customers responding? How are they changing their strategies as a result? Yeah, well, first off, let me say, it's good to see you. It's been years since we've been in chairs across from one another. Yeah, a couple of years ago in Boston. A couple of years ago in Boston. Glad to see you're doing well. Yeah, thanks, you too. You look great. You know. You know. I don't know what you do. If we get the socks going, we'll be in better shape. We'll be all set. Dave, you know, the last 18 months have been challenging. There's been a lot of change, but it's also been inspiring. What we've seen is our customers engaging the agility of the cloud and appreciating the cost benefits of the cloud. You know, during this time, we've had to be there for our partners, our clients, our customers, and our people, whether it's work from home, whether it's expanding your capability because it's surging, say a company like Zoom where they're surging and they need more capability. Our cloud capabilities have allowed them to function, grow, and thrive in these challenging times. It's really a privilege that we have the services and we have the capability to enable people, to behave and execute and operate as normally as you possibly can in something that's never happened before in our lifetimes, unprecedented. It's a privilege. Yeah, I mean, I agree. You think about it. There's a lot of negative narrative in the press about big tech and, you know, the reality is is big tech has, and small tech, has stepped up big time. And we really think about it, Wayne, where would we be without tech? And I know it sounds bizarre, but we're kind of lucky this pandemic actually occurred when it did because had it occurred, you know, 10 years ago, it would have been a lot tougher. I mean, who knows, state of vaccines, but certainly from a tech standpoint, the cloud has been a savior and you mentioned Zoom.  So that's been pretty key. I want to ask you, when you keynote, you talked about two paths to move to the cloud. You know, vector one was go, you kind of lift and shift if I got it right. And then vector two was modernize first and then go. First of all, did I get that right? And- Super close, super close. Okay, so help me, of course, correct. And what are those two paths mean for customers? How should we think about that? Yeah, so we want to make sure that customers can appreciate the value of the cloud as quickly as they need to. And so there's two paths. And with launches, we'll talk about them in a minute, like our FSX for NetApp on tap. It allows customers to quickly move from like to like. So they can move from on-prem and what they're using in terms of the storage services, the processes they use to administer the data and manage the data straight onto AWS without any conversion, without any change to their applications, without any change to anything. So storage administrators can be really confident that they can move. Application administrators know it will work as well if not better with the cloud. So moving onto AWS quickly to value, that's one path. Now, once they move onto AWS, some customers will choose to modernize. So they will modernize by containerizing their applications or they will modernize by moving to serverless using Lambda, right? So that gives them the opportunity at the pace they want as quickly or as cautious as they need to modernize their application because they're already executing, they're already operating, already getting value. Now, within that context, then they can continue that modernization process by integrating with even more capabilities, whether it's ML capabilities or IoT capabilities, depending on their needs. So it's really about speed, agility, the ability to innovate, and then the ability to get that flywheel going with cost optimization, feed those savings back into betterment for their customers. So how do the launches that you guys have made today and even previously, do they map into those two paths? Yeah, they do, very well. How so? Help us understand that. So if we let's just run down through some of the launches today, and we can map those to those two paths. So we talked about FSX for NetApp on tap, or we just like to say FSX for on tap because it's so much easier to say. So FSX for on tap is a clear case of move. Right. EBS I02 BlockExpress for SAN, a clear case of move. It allows customers to quickly move their SAN workloads to AWS with the launch of EBS Direct API supporting 64 terabyte volumes. Now you can snapshot your 64 terabyte volumes on-prem to already be in AWS and you can restore them to an EBS I02 BlockExpress volume, allowing you to quickly move an ERP application or an Oracle application, some enterprise application that requires the speed and the durability and the capability of EBS super quickly. So those are good examples of that. In terms of the modernization path, our launch of AWS Transfer Managed Workflows is a good example of that. Managed workflows have been around forever and customers rely on those workflows to run their business, but they really want to be able to take advantage of cloud capabilities. They want to be able to, for instance, apply ML to those workflows because it really kind of makes sense. They're workflows, they're people related. You can apply an artificial intelligence to them. This is an example of a service that allows them to modify those workflows, to modernize them, and to build additional value into them. Well, I like that example. I have a couple of follow-up questions if I may. Sticking on the machine learning and machine intelligence for a minute, that to me is a big one because when I was talking to my land about this, it's not just you sticking storage in a bucket anymore. You're invoking other services, machine intelligence, machine learning might be database services, whatever it is, streaming services, and it's a service. There it is. It's not a real complicated integration, so that to me is big. I want to ask you about the block side of things. You built in your day a lot of boxes. I've built a lot of boxes. And you know the sand space really well, and you know a lot of people, probably more than I do, storage admins are saying, you're not touching my sand, and they just build a brick wall around it. Okay, and now eventually the age is out, and I think that whole cumbersome model it's understood, but nonetheless, their workloads and their apps are running on that. How do you see that movement from those? And they're the toughest ones to move. The Oracle, the SAP, the really mission critical Microsoft apps, the database apps, hard core stuff. How do you see that moving into the cloud? Give us a sense as to what customers are telling you. Storage administrators have a hard job. And in trying to navigate how they move from on-prem to in-cloud is challenging. So we listen to the storage administrators, even when they tell us no, we want to understand why no. And when you look at EBS IoT Block Express, this is in part our initial response to moving their sand into the cloud super easily, right? Because what do they need? They need performance, they need durability, they need availability, they need the services to be able to snap and to be able to replicate their storage. They need to know that they can move their applications without having to redo all they know, to re-plan all they work on each and every day. They want to be able to move quickly and confidently. EBS IoT Block Express is the beginning of that. They can move confidently to sand in the cloud using EBS. So why do they say no? Is it just like the inherent fear, like a lawyer would say, don't do that, you know, or is it just, is it a technical issue? Is it a cultural issue? And what are you seeing there? It's a cultural issue, it's a mindset issue, but it's a responsibility. I mean, these folks are responsible for one of the most important assets that you have. Most important asset for any company, it's people. Second most important asset, it's data. These folks are responsible for a very important asset. And if they don't get it right, if they don't get security right, they don't get performance right, they don't get durability right, they don't get availability right, it's on them. So it's on us to make sure that they're okay. Do you see it similar to the security discussion? Because early on I was just talking to Sandy Carter about this, and we were saying, you remember the CIA deal, right? So I remember talking to the financial services people that will never put any data in the cloud. Okay, that's got to be one of your biggest industries if not your biggest, you know, customer base today. But there was fear, and the CIA deal changed that. They're like, wow, CIA is going to the cloud? Oh, they're really security conscious. And that was an example of maybe public sector informing commercial. Do you see it as similar, and obviously differences, but is it a sort of similar dynamic? I do, I do. You know, all of these illities, right? Whether it's durability, availability, security, we'll put illity at the end of that somehow. All of these are not jargon words. They mean something to each persona, to each customer. So we have to make sure that we address each of them. So like security, and we've been addressing the security concern since the beginning of AWS, because security is job number one, and operational excellence is job number two. So a lot of things we're talking about here is operational excellence. Durability, availability, likeness are all operational concerns, and we have to make sure we deliver against those. I get it. I mean, the storage admin's job is thankless, but at the same time, if your main expertise is managing loans, your growth path is limited. So they want to transform. They want to modernize their own careers. I love that. It's true, right?  So you have no worry because you're, let's take FSX for on tap. You will take the skills that you've developed and honed over years and directly apply them to the workloads that you will bring to the cloud using the same CLIs, the same APIs, the same consoles, the same capabilities. Plus, you mentioned, you guys announced, or you talked about AWS backup services today, announced some stuff there. I see security governance backup, identity access management and governance. These are all adjacencies.   And you're going to participate in that opportunity and learn some things and advance your career. I want to ask you, before we run out of time, you talked about agility and cost optimization and kind of the yin and the yang of cloud, if you will. But how are these seemingly conflicting forces in sync in your view? Like many things in life. Yeah. Right, we're going to get a little spiritual here. We might get a little philosophical here. Cloud announced, we talked about two paths and part of the two paths is enabling you to move quickly and be agile in how you move to the cloud. Once you are on the cloud, we have the ability through this, all of the service integrations that we have and your ability to see exactly what's happening at every moment to then cost optimize, to modernize, to cost optimize, to improve on the applications and workloads and data sets that you've brought. So this becomes a flywheel.  It's a flywheel effect. Yeah, it's kind of that gain sharing. It is. Right, and you know, it's harder to do that in an on-prem world, which everything is kind of, okay, it's working. Now, boom, make it static. Oh, I want to bring in this capability or this, you know, AI and then there's an integration challenge going on. Not that there's differences in APIs, but that to me is the opportunity to build on top of that. Again, talking to my land, I remember Andy Jassy saying, hey, we purposefully have created our services at a really atomic level so that we can get down to the primitives and change as the market changes. To me, that's an opportunity for builders to create abstraction layers on top of that. You know, you've kind of, Amazon has kind of resisted that over the years, but almost on purpose. There's some of that now going on, specialization and maybe certain industry solutions. But in general, your philosophy is to maintain that agility at the really granular level. It is, you know, we go back a long way. And as you said, I've built a lot of boxes and I'm proud of a lot of the boxes I've built, but a box is still a box, right? You have constraints. And when you innovate and build on the cloud, when you move to the cloud, you do not have those constraints, right? You have the agility. You can stand up a file system in three seconds. You can grow it and shrink it whenever you want and you can delete it, get rid of it whenever you want, back it up and then delete it. You don't have to worry about your infrastructure. You don't have to worry about is it going to be there in three months? It will be there in three seconds. So the agility of each of these services, the unique elements of all of these services allow you to capitalize on their value, use what you need and stop using it when you don't. And you don't have the same capabilities when you use more traditional products. So when you're designing a box, how is your mindset different than when you're designing a service? Well, you have physical constraints. You have to worry about the physical resources on that device for the life of that device, which is years. Think about what changes in three or five years. Think about the last two years alone and what's changed. Can you imagine having been constrained by only having boxes available to you during this last two years versus having the cloud and being able to expand or contract based on your business needs? That would be really tough, right? And it has been tough. That's why we've seen customers for every industry accelerate their use of the cloud during these last two years. So I get that. So what's your mindset when you're building storage services and data services? So each of the services that we have, in object, block, file, movement services, data services, each of them provides very specific customer value and each are deeply integrated with the rest of AWS so that when you need object services, you start using them and the integrations come along with you. You're using traditional block. We talked about EBS IoT Block Express. When you're using file, just the example alone today with ONTAP, you get to use what you need when you need it in the way that you're used to using it without any concern. So your mindset is how do I exploit all these other services?  Traditionally, for instance, if you were to have a filer, you would run multiple applications on that filer. You're worried about, because you should as a storage administrator, will each of those applications have the right amount of resources to run at peak? When you're on the cloud, each of those applications will just spin up in seconds their own file system and those file systems can grow and shrink at whatever, however they need to do so and you don't have to worry about one application interfering with the other application. It's not your concern anymore and it's not really that fun to do anyway. It's kind of the hard work that nobody really wants to reward you for. So you can take your time and apply it to more business value for your business. That's great, thank you for that. Okay, I'll give you the last word. Give us the bumper sticker on AWS Storage Day. It's an exciting day. The third AWS Storage Day. You guys keep getting bigger, you're grazing the bar. And we're happy to keep doing it with you. Awesome. So thank you for flying out from Boston to see me. Pleasure. As they say. So, you know, this is a great opportunity for us to talk to customers, to thank them. It's a privilege to build what we build for customers.  And what we want to do is help them continue to be leaders and help them to continue to build and deliver. We're here for them. Wayne, it's great to see you again. Thanks so much. Thanks. And maybe see you back at home. All right, go socks. All right, yeah, go socks. All right, thank you for watching everybody. Back to Jenna Canal and Darko in the studios of Dave Vellante. You're watching theCUBE.