Γεια σας, καλώς ήρθατε back. Είμαι Vicky, και σήμερα έχω ένα πολύ καλύτερο μπροστά σχέδιο σχέδιο. Θα σας δείξω πώς έκανε ένα βίντεο σχέδιο και αυτό είναι πραγματικά ένα σχέδιο που έχω δημιουργήσει όταν είμαι σχέδιο σχέδιο για σύμφωνα σύμφωνα σύμφωνα, λόγω χρόνια. Λοιπόν, ειδικά δεν είχα την ευκαιρία να παρακολουθήσει αυτό το βίντεο στο their channel. Αυτό είναι στο my channel as well. Είμαι going to use this wooden house by Tim Holtz, and I'm going to decorate it. Now, first of all, I'm going to use some paper from this paper pad to dress up some of the sides and the back. And I'm also going to dress it up by using decotapes by Tim Holtz as well. So first of all, I'm going to decide which papers I'm going to use. And you can go ahead and decorate your house as much as you like. You can go ahead and color the sides or cover it up completely. But in my case, I'm going to embrace the wooden look and feel of this box and I'm just going to cover up only a few sides.  And here are my pieces ready to go. I'm going to use some tape at the back and I'm going to stick that inside my house. And I'm going to use the two smaller paper pieces for the bottom of my house. But before that, I'm going to cover up all the sides of my box by using the design tape. This is the butterfly design tape by Tim Holtz. And you get many different designs of that tape in one package. I've chosen to use the thinner one, which is going to give a beautiful decorative look on all my edges. This is slightly larger than the edge, but this is not a problem. I'm just going to press it down. Once I have covered up everything. And also notice that this is design tape, it's not a washi tape, so it sticks even better than a washi tape. So once I have covered up all the edges, I'm going to use my scissors to cut out the excess tape. And then I'm going to make some notches on where those tapes are made. And I'm going to turn all that tape inside just to make sure that everything is nicely stuck in my box. And I'm doing that just because that design tape is slightly bigger than the edge, probably about an eighth of an inch bigger. So now everything is nicely stuck there and my box is looking beautiful. Now I'm going to use those smaller paper pieces. I'm going to stick them down on the bottom of my house and I have also one more for the bottom of my roof. And of course you can go ahead and cover up the whole box with paper. I decided to go plain and embrace the beautiful wooden look. Now I'm going to spell spring. And these are wooden letters from the Letterpress Ideology Collection by Tim Holtz. And I'm going to stick them at the bottom of my house. And to do that I'm just using my hot glue gun there. And as I'm sticking them down I'm making sure that I don't stick everything in a row. So some of the letters are more in the front, others are at the back. And this way I'm creating a more interesting look. To decorate my house I'm going to use the Botanical Layers. This is a set by Tim Holtz from his Ideology latest collection. And you get beautiful images of flowers and butterflies. And the idea here is to create a dimensional look inside my house.  So for some of the images I'm going to use foam squares and stick them at the back just like I'm doing here.  And what is great about those new cutouts by Tim Holtz is that they are made out of hard cardstock so they are not just plain paper and they will stand on their own. And here is how my house is looking at the moment after sticking many of those cutouts, one in front of the other. And I would recommend to use different colours of flowers as you stack them one on top of the other because this way they are going to stand even more and they are not going to blend in altogether.   I'm going to decorate it by using the design tape all around it and I'm going to place that inside my house. Now this is going to be a vase for my little flowers. The flowers that I will be using are again by the latest Ideology Collection by Tim Holtz. I am going to separate three of them. They come wrapped all together but you can easily separate as many as you like. Of course these are paper flowers so you can spray them, you can ink them, you can turn them in any colour that you like and I think that's the beauty of these flowers because you can match any project that you are working on but in my case I decided to leave them white as they are just because they stand out even more against the wooden house and I'm only colouring the centre of my flowers and for that I'm using my alcohol markers. Now my flowers are all ready to go.  And now that my bottom of the house is pretty much finished I'm going to walk a little bit on the roof so for that again I'm going to combine some of the cutouts from the same set as the rest of the flowers. Now to decorate the other side of my roof I'm going to use a quote from the quote chips set by Tim Holtz these are nice and thick and they really stand out in three dimensional projects such as this and that says use your wings so I'm again going to stick that down with my hot glue gun but of course you can use any type of adhesive that you like and I'm going to embellish my roof with that beautiful butterfly Again that butterfly comes from the same cutout set Now as always you will find a full list of all the supplies used in this video down below in the description area as well as on the blog. Now I'm going to walk a little bit to fill in that empty space at the roof of my house so I'm creating a tiny little funnel with a paper and I'm adding these microbeads by Prima that these are in copper and again I'm filling one of those glass bottles with the cork just to make sure that the cork is not going to fall and all those microbeads fall all over the place I secure that with a little bit of hot glue Again I'm going to decorate my jar Now I'm also going to stick a sticker from these stickers by Team Hall so these are the clippings and I went for the sticker that says number 42 and if you are a little bit nerdy like me then you know that number 42 is the meaning of life the universe and everything based on a book plus my son is wearing number 42 on his team so that's a very special number for me and just next to my 42 little bottle I'm going to stick a dice this is an alpha dice by Team Hall again and I'm making sure that in front I have the letter V which is my initial and I always like to have special meanings in little elements that I stick inside my mixed media projects which makes them even more fun to create and at this stage my vignette house is pretty much finished I'm adding just a few details here and there so I'm going to stick a butterfly there and I also have that tiny little cork for the jar at the front so instead of throwing it away I'm just going to stick it just next to it and to finish it off I'm just going to touch up the letters again and add a touch of gold this is gold acrylic paint and now you can easily read the word spring and that was a project for today I hope it inspired you to create a little vignette house they are so much fun to create and they are a beautiful decorative element for your craft room or your house Here are some close up photos of the project that I created today Thank you all for joining me and see you next time


Welcome to the first meeting of session 6 and of the net zero energy and transport committee. I am Fiona Hyslop, MSP for Llythgo. As the oldest member of the committee, I have the pleasure of convening this meeting for the first two items of business. I would like to take this opportunity to welcome all members, and I look forward to working with the committee. Before we move to the first item on the agenda, I would like to remind everyone present to switch mobile phones to silent. The first item on our agenda is declaration of interests, and this is an opportunity for us to declare any interests that are relevant to the work of the committee. First, I declare that I do not have any interests to declare for the purposes of the committee. I am now going to introduce each of our members to make their declaration. I should add that the members of the committee are Natalie Don, Jackie Dunbar, Liam Kerr, Monica Lennon, Dean Lockhart and Mark Ruskell. I will ask every member in division alphabetical order to declare any interests. If you can wait until I call your name, that allows broadcast to unmute your mic so we can proceed. The first member of the committee that I would invite to declare interests is Natalie Don. I would like to declare that I am still a councillor with Renfrewshire Council, so just in case any of the issues that we are discussing cross over with that, I just wanted to make that, put that on record, thanks. Thank you, Natalie. Any other interests? Sorry, no, that is all my interests, thank you. Can I now call on Jackie Dunbar? Good morning. My interest is nearly the same as Natalie's. I am still a serving councillor for Aberdeen City Council, and I thought that I would declare that interest just in case it coincides with anything that we are going to be discussing in this committee. That is all my interests. Thank you very much, Jackie. Can I call on Liam Kerr? Thank you, convener. I do not believe that I have any particular interests to declare, although, going forward, members and viewers may be interested to know that I have a very small shareholding in a community hydroelectric project in Aberdeen. Thank you very much, Liam. Can we now move on to Monica Lennon? Good morning. No relevant interests to declare. Thank you, Monica. Can we now move on to Dean Lockhart? Thanks, Fiona. Good morning. I have a minority shareholding in a smart meter company based in England, otherwise nothing to declare. Thank you very much, Dean. Finally, can we move on to Mark Ruskell? Thanks, convener. Nothing to declare. Thank you very much, Mark. We now move on to agenda item 2, which is the task of choosing a convener. The procedure is explained in the choice of the convener paper, too. The Parliament has agreed that only members of the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party are eligible for nomination as convener of this committee. I would like to nominate Dean Lockhart as convener of this committee. Is everyone agreed that we choose Dean Lockhart as convener? As I see nothing in the chat bar to disagree, can I congratulate Dean Lockhart on his appointment? I look forward to working with you and the other members of the committee. Can I now pass over to Dean Lockhart as convener? Thank you very much to other members of the committee. It is a great privilege to become convener of this committee. We have tremendously important work ahead of us, and I look forward to working with all the members, the clerks to the committee, Spice and everyone else who will be engaged with the committee's work going forward. The next agenda item is item number 3, which is the choice of a deputy convener. The Parliament has agreed that only members of the Scottish National Party are eligible for nomination as deputy convener of this committee. On that basis, I invite a nomination for the post of deputy convener. Thank you, convener. I would like to make a nomination if I may. I would like to nominate Fiona Hyslop, MSP for the post of deputy convener, please. Thank you very much, Liam. Is the committee agreed that Fiona Hyslop will be the deputy convener of the committee? Fantastic. I see no comments, so let me congratulate Fiona. Many congratulations to Fiona on becoming deputy convener of the committee, and I very much look forward to working with you from today onwards on the work that we have ahead in the committee. Thank you, Fiona. The next item on the committee agenda is item 4, decision on taking business in private. The committee is now asked to consider taking item 6 of the agenda, which is the consideration of our approach to developing a work programme to take that agenda item in private. Are members agreed? That is agreed. The next item on the agenda is agenda item 5, consideration of session 5, legacy reports. The committee is invited to consider a number of legacy reports prepared by relevant committees in the past session of Parliament. They outline the committee's main work and identify potential challenges that we face in the current committee in the next session or in this coming session. Legacy reports have been identified from three former committees of Parliament, which are relevant to this committee. Those are the Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform Committee, the Economy, Energy and Fair Work Committee and the Rural Committee and Connectivity Committee, all of which covered areas that are now relevant to the work of this committee. The clerks paper for this item draws attention to the most relevant items in those legacy reports. Under this item of business, we are invited simply to formally note those reports and further agree to consider their contents as part of our work programme going forward. I will take that read by members. As part of this agenda item, and as this is our last item of business today before we go into private session, I would like to take this opportunity for all members to have a brief discussion of the key points arising from those legacy reports from the relevant committees and for members to highlight briefly any particular areas following within the committee's remit that it considers important that the committee looks at in inquiries or in investigations going forward. With that in mind, let me start with the deputy convener to get the deputy convener's views of some of the important priorities and topics that the committee should look at going forward. I look forward to working with everybody in this committee. I think that there is a big challenge ahead of us. Clearly, the import of the subject matters that we are responsible for in the Parliament is huge. I was very impressed with the content of the legacy papers. They are very wide, clearly because of the wider remit of the other committees in the different range, but I think that there are some specific steers that are very important and very strong. I am very keen that the committee hits the ground running. There are a lot of agenda items that are very immediate, some may be more longer term, but I am particularly conscious that, with COP26, we really need to move quickly to understand and get an appreciation of the developments at all levels, particularly in terms of preparation but also in output and outcome and the role of Scotland in that, particularly with young people and working potentially with Italy in terms of what they are doing with the young people strands in particular. In other areas, particularly looking at implementation, I think that the agendas of our previous committees in the last session clearly set out what had to be done, why it had to be done, how it had to be done and in terms of timetables, etc. There is a great deal of scrutiny that has to take place. For me, the main focus needs to be on implementation. I have a particular interest in different energy uses and implementation and innovation. We should be working with our colleagues on the economy committee in terms of jobs and the green recovery. The work of the justice transition commission is really important, and we can move very quickly on that. There are also two other areas that others might touch on as well. Infrastructure is going to be very important, particularly housing, refit and the net zero agenda. How do we make sure that across Scotland our communities are not just in receipt of issues but are actually leading them? I think that there might be something there. Finally, and I am probably taking up everybody else's scope, but I thought that it might be helpful just to do the scoping. I am conscious in terms of membership at the committee that we do not have energy from the Highlands and Islands or the south of Scotland and that it might be appropriate to make sure that, in terms of our engagement, we are looking at the advice from the legacy committees that we are particularly cognisant of the communication engagement work, particularly with those parts of the country. On that, I will end, Dean, if that is not too much for you. I think that it is helpful to set the scene as you just did. I am sure other members will have additional items to bring in. We will continue on alphabetical order to bring members in. That means that we have Natalie Dawn, followed by Jackie Dunbar. Hi, welcome, convener. Thanks for bringing me in. The deputy has it spot on in terms of COP26. We really need to move quickly and know exactly what our aims are. Some of my particular interests tend to be on our green recovery around our climate change and net zero, and specifically in transport and infrastructure. That is going to be really, really key going forward. The drive away from cars and improving public transport is going to be a massive remit for us. I was also interested in what the deputy convener was saying about community empowerment, so that is something that, as a councillor, I have been very much involved in. Those are going to be huge changes to our communities, and it is really, really important that we take in the views of local areas and how things need to be conducted differently in different areas, depending on the make-up. I think that community empowerment is going to be hugely important going forward. Looking at the remit and legacy reports, there are a massive number of things that we are going to be dealing with. It is hard to say that any are more important than others. However, just with the timescale that we are in terms of our climate change and our net zero brief, I think that that is going to be hugely important going forward. Thank you very much, Natalie. You are absolutely right. It is an enormous remit, and that is why, in the next agenda item in private, we will focus on what the immediate priorities might be. I will hand over to Jackie Dunbar. It is a huge remit that we have been given, but it is an exciting one for me as well. I represent an Aberdeen Donside. It is probably no surprise that this was the one committee that I was wanting to be on. Going forward, I think that Natalie is absolutely right. Consultation is going out there to the public and to other bodies is going to be the key, because whatever we manage to succeed with this committee, we have to bring people with us. It is a huge area that we are going to be tackling on, and if we have not got folk behind us, we are not going to succeed. For me, living with someone who lives near the hadagon, you are probably not surprised to find out that I am going to be very keen on the transport and the road infrastructure. Also, the energy sector is going to be key for many, many people. I have read the legacy reports.  I am looking forward to working with everybody in the committee and out with the committee going forward. Thanks very much, Jackie. That is fantastic. I will bring in Liam Kerr next. Over to you, Liam. Thank you, convener, and congratulations on your new position. My colleagues have set out some really interesting and full thoughts there. For me, the first thing that struck me was actually a deputy convener talking about implementation. I have given that quite a lot of thought. One of the things that I found most disconcerting when I was on the Public Audit Committee in the last session was the issue of targets and delivery, because I am not convinced that the two things marry. I think that this is a point that the cabinet secretary would acknowledge in the debate that we had a couple of weeks ago. I think that the cabinet secretary and I agreed that it is all very well putting targets in place, but we actually have to deliver on them. The time for delivery is very short indeed. There was a ministerial statement last week where I asked about the sanction. What happens if you miss targets? I am not sure that the cabinet secretary was in a position to give me an answer to that at the time. I think that that would be something that I am quite interested in knowing. What targets have we got? What are we doing to get them implemented? Are we going to get a delivery? The second thing that occurs is that I had a very interesting meeting with CalMac yesterday. Just to familiarise myself with the fares, I obviously know the north link, for example, very well, but I am much less familiar with the CalMac operation. The REC report on the area and the legacy is very comprehensive. I know that there is work going on into the structure of our fares operation going forward. Given that, I cannot see beyond doing something on that, I think that we really need to drill down into the area. Particularly, of course, with our environmental focus. Again, I do not know that much about shipping, but I have in my mind that the emissions that will be coming from an ageing fleet would not be the sort of thing that we want to be seeing going forward. I think that the fares is an interesting area that I think that the committee should explore. Finally, if there is time, the other thing that is in my mind is the public energy company, because I recall that the announcement was a significant time. Perhaps that goes back to my targets and delivery piece. I am not sure that much has come on this public energy company. I stand to be corrected, but I am not sure that it is there at the moment. I think that that is very important. There are social implications of that and economic implications of that. If that is not being delivered, I find that rather concerning. I think that it might be right for the committee to look into that. If there were time to cover all of that, I would be interested in those areas. Conveno, that is my top three, and I hope that that was useful. Yes, Liam. Thank you very much. Very useful. Again, I think that you have just highlighted, like other members did, the wide range of particular topics that we have in front of us. Let me now pass to Monica Lennon. Monica, over to you. Thank you, convener. I congratulate you and Fiona, and I look forward to working with all of the members. There are lots of agreement already. Thanks to colleagues on those legacy committees, there is a lot to read in those reports. Like Jackie, I will go back and read them a number of times. Fiona is right that our focus really needs to be on scrutiny and implementation. We have had a steer on the transport act. For example, there is a lot in that. The climate change plan was discussed already in the chamber since we have come back. We will have a big role to play there. Liam Kerr touched on ferry procurement and future ferries policy. We have obviously got recommendations on that in legacy reports. The deputy convener made the point about the fact that we do not represent all Scotland on the committee, but through our work we will very much aspire to do that. That means that we have to, for example, central Scotland. Ferries is not a big issue for me, but it is a big issue across the country. In terms of how we engage, particularly with younger people, we have got a real opportunity to set a really good example of being quite innovative and getting out there and doing some interesting visits, too. Obviously, when we come back in September, we will know more about programme for government, so that our economy has to be a massive priority. I am also very interested in what the Government is planning to do around incineration. The minister of the cabinet secretary has given a commitment on that as well. Transport infrastructure is huge, so we will need to break that down. One of the things that I am quite curious about is how we are looking at the remit of the cabinet secretary for natural energy transport. His job depends on performance across Government and all portfolios. Already, we know that there is some overlap with Mary Goudran's portfolio, but things like 20-minute neighbourhoods will present real opportunities. The cabinet secretary will have the responsibility for that, strategically across Government, but it will dip into lots of other areas. I am just interested to see how that all works. We have got a job to make sure that Government does not work in silos, because we all appreciate the really ambitious targets, but the key is delivery and how we get there. It is likely that it is also interested to get an update on the public energy company. Work is underway with the COSLA to develop a business plan. The role of local government is really important. Others have touched on just transition, green jobs, making sure that we have the right skills, supporting businesses that want to innovate and making sure that communities are not left behind. It will be exciting time and we have a lot of work to do. I look forward to working with everyone. Thanks very much, Monica. I think that you made a number of great points there. That point about the cross portfolio and making sure that we are not just siloed into a particular portfolio is going to be really important, because that net zero ambition cuts across many portfolios. That is the point that has come across from all members. Mark Ruskell, let me bring in his priorities as well. Over to you, Mark. Thank you, Dean. Congratulations to you and all sorts of funeral. I look forward to working with colleagues across the committee. It is really good to hear some early areas of consensus coming out, even in this initial discussion. I served on the previous Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform Committee. It was a very hard-working committee, as you can see by the 119-page legacy report. There were some particular challenges. It is good to see the committee picking up on one of the key recommendations, which is that there should be a dedicated net zero committee. Great step one, we have a net zero committee. I think that bringing together some of the key sectors where we have a real challenge in terms of that just transition into the remit of this committee is really important. That is now mirroring the cabinet secretary's responsibilities. Members have already spoken about some of the challenges around energy. I am interested in the public energy company. We have massive issues around how we scale up delivery, with heat in particular. We have to see an unprecedented increase in effort and installations to meet the targets and deliver the progress that is needed. We have some key points coming up, such as strategic transport projects review, national transport strategy and national planning framework. It is all hugely important alongside the climate change plan in terms of how we build the infrastructure that is going to be future-proof and tackle the climate emergency. All of that makes a lot of sense. As other members have said, there are a number of other cross-cutting areas that we need to be across. I would particularly point to the need to work with the other committees that have responsibility for farming and land use, because that is another key sector where we need to see a transition, but it needs to support farmers and land managers. We need to see cuts in emissions. I am interested in how we might work quite creatively with other committees, whether we could appoint reporters or join inquiries. There is some precedent there, but to get out of that siloed scrutiny, we will have to work very much across the Parliament. There were some challenges in that in the last session. Housing and planning are two other areas where we will need to do some cross-port for the working to get the most out of it. We are looking forward to the discussions ahead. It is the biggest issue, so we need to tackle it. That is great that you sat on one of the predecessor committees, the Environment Committee. Between the members, we covered all of the previous relevant committees. I was on the Economy Committee and I know that other members were on the Rural Affairs Connectivity Committee, so that is great. Working as a team, we can bring that experience to the new committee. I thank all members for their contributions. I think that there are a number of areas of consensus, and I think that we have all identified that it is a very wide remit. I think that just in terms of timing the overarching priority, a number of members highlighted the COP26 conference. Primarily, because of timing, it begins in early November. When we return from recess in early September, we will have that, I believe, as one of the focus topics of inquiry, because we will need to hit the ground running and make sure that we cover that topic in a timely fashion. This session is concluded. That was the public section of the first meeting of the net zero energy and transport committee. Again, I thank members for their contributions. The committee will now go into private session and we will join the teams meeting in private session. That ends this public section of the meeting. Thank you very much, everyone.


Okay, so we're here today to interview Bob Schaefer. The interviewer, as usual, will be William McCrae. And we are in downtown Toronto. So we're going to begin just with a few simple questions. So could you please state your full name? Okay, I'm Robert William Schaefer. I generally go by Bob because there was so many mix-ups with my father who was Robert Martin Schaefer and he got called Rob. Okay, so you're Robert Jr. No, he had a different middle name, but that's okay. And could you please state your age? I just turned 62. Happy birthday. Oh, yes. And where were you born? I was born in Chicago, Illinois. And as a child, what did your parents do? My father was in marketing and my mother had been one of the first flight attendants. And in those days they had to retire when they got married and so at age 25 or so she retired as a flight attendant and became my mother. Okay, and did you have any siblings? I've got a brother and two sisters, all of them younger. And what did you guys do for fun when you were children? What was your hobby, your past times? What did I do for fun? I played all the sports, everything. Like summertime was baseball, fall was football, winter was hockey. I started playing golf when I was about 12, 13. I still play basketball, still play golf. Up until last year I continued playing softball as well. Okay, and any interests in the sciences or? I didn't know it, but I was collecting fossils and pre-rocks and things like that. Through grade school and had no concept of even what geology was until I'd gotten later in high school and still didn't think that was what I wanted to do. I thought it was going to be a lawyer. Okay, now or less. So I started my first semester in university taking pre-law type courses and I'd had the basic sciences through high school and so you had to take a science program. So I said geology kind of integrates chemistry, physics, biology, so I decided I'd take geology the first semester and well, behold, that was what I got my best grades in and I enjoyed the most. Okay, and so from there what did your bachelor turn out to be? Was it still pre-law or completely? No, in the next semester I switched it to geology and so I had a geology major and German minor. Okay, interesting. Yeah, but Germany seemed to come to me easily. I don't hear that a lot, but good for you. Okay. And which school was it? I went to Miami University in Oxford, Ohio and I guess what made me a little strange is I was growing up at that time Vietnam War was going on so I was subject to the US draft and I drew a draft lottery number of four and thought I was going to be drafted and going to Vietnam and so when I realized that I accelerated my coursework thinking well I knew I wouldn't get drafted for at least 18 months and in that 18 months time I took as much coursework as I could to get as close to my degree as I possibly could. Well, four days before I was to be inducted, Nixon ended the draft and I was one semester away from graduation so I finished a full bachelor's BSc in geology in three years and knowing that I didn't really know what kind of geology I wanted to specialize in so I played both sides of the fence with mining geology or economic geology and petroleum and applied to graduate schools in both areas and decided I'd go into the economic geology side and so I decided to stay at Miami of Ohio got a master's degree there in two years with a thesis one of the first gold theses since the price of gold allowed to float back in 1974 and so I went from Ohio to Nevada to work at a gold mine and finished the degree in 1975 and went on to work at a Ph.D. Migrating in mineral economics no longer German, fortunately you had to have a foreign language to get a Ph.D. so I'd already completed that requirement by having that German background. What was your first job? First job I got paid to do as a biologist? Okay, well I did get a stipend from the company I did my master's thesis at which was a small underground gold and silver mine in Nevada but then let me think, my first real paying job was as a summer student working for Rio Tinto up in Alaska and spent the summer mapping a world class porphyry molly deposit in southeast Alaska not far from Ketchikan and then you got to turn that into a consulting gig while I was in grad school so I continued while I was still taking classes and doing thesis research consulting about 10 hours a week or so making about $70 an hour. I was going to say consulting at such a young age. It frustrated my professor in particular because yes I had a full scholarship to go completing grad school and he liked to use that as his hold as grad students to kind of make him their working slaves but I was making more money as a consultant but I was getting good enough grades they couldn't take my stipends away so I was making $35,000, $40,000 a year as a student and living a pretty good life. With the scholarship too. What kind of consulting did you do? Well because I was in school I really couldn't go out and leave the university very much so I did a lot of microscope work core logging and that sort of thing. Evaluation of structural analysis and that sort of thing. And did you mention you considered your first job to be up in Alaska? A lot of people I speak to either they fall in love with kind of the surveying environment exploration environment or the opposite. They realize that's really not what they want to do. How about you? It was both. Seriously I worked as a exploration geologist and exploration manager until I was in my early 40s so I spent a lot of time in the field all the way up until I was about 43, 44 years old that I got my first job as a mining executive when I moved from being the U.S. exploration manager for BHP living in Salt Lake City to Vice President of Exploration with the original management team at Kinross Gold. So that's when I first started doing a lot in Canada. I moved here at that time. And then I've been more or less the executive level since then. And briefly could you give us kind of the outlines of your career and then we'll go into detail. Okay. Well while I was in finishing grad school at Arizona I worked as a consultant largely for U.S. Borax, Rio Tinto. A couple of other companies I worked for Conoco Minerals. I worked for Occidental Minerals. Who else? Coal Corporation. Then when I finished school, my first job was with billets and metals and ores. Their U.S. subsidiary and was based in Reston, Virginia, where the U.S. Geological Survey is headquartered because they were just setting up a presence in the United States and I essentially evolved to be in their senior geologist responsible for Appalachian geology. Two modest discoveries. A tin discovery in North Carolina and a copper discovery in Northern Alabama of all places. Shortly after that I was then transferred to Reno, Nevada, where I initiated the first gold exploration program billeton that I've ever done on a worldwide basis looking for Carlin's style and volcanic coast of gold deposits. And while I did that it occurred to me as I was driving across the country there were no books that researched the geology of those styles of gold deposits. So as I'm driving across the flatlands of the central U.S. I wrote an outline for a book and took it to the Geological Society of Nevada and said what we should do is put out a symposium on these microscopic gold deposits and sediments and volcanic rocks and come up with a publication out of it and it evolved into a 700 page book a three day symposium that netted them over a million dollars and set the organization up on a permanent financially sound basis and since that time the Geological Society of Nevada has held such a conference every five years. So that was kind of exciting. At that time as well I led a small exploration team. We made a modest gold discovery too small for the billeton organization so I took it over myself and did a little more exploration work out of my own pocket, optioned to a Canadian junior company and we put it into production. So that was my first discovery as well. What's considered a modest discovery? I found about a 300,000 ounce gold deposit open pit carlin style deposit for about a half a dozen years it produced 60,000 ounces a year and was one of the lowest cost gold producers in the state of Nevada for that time frame. So it was pretty exciting because I got a royal kick off out of it. Out of all the, it's quite a prolific Well that was just the beginning. That takes me to 1988. So in 1988 a Kentucky West Virginia based coal company who specialized in open cut coal mining back there was enamored with gold.  Why don't we get into gold and they recruited me to set up a gold company for them in Reno. And within 18 months I made an acquisition for them on a Karen maintenance gold mine up in Montana that what we put into production a year later we grew the reserves from about 200,000 ounces to over a million ounces in that time frame as well with an intense drilling program made a discovery in Southern California called the Briggs Mine currently operated by Canyon Resources that went into production in 1992 and is still producing and made a discovery, another discovery in Montana called McDonald which is a 5 million ounce deposit but the state of Montana decided they didn't like cyanide usage in gold recovery so they passed a state law specifically focused on that deposit so it wouldn't go into production. That was kind of interesting. That last the coal company decided after about 24 months that they didn't really want to be in gold after all. They didn't see it really be an analogous. We had spent probably about 20 million dollars getting all these things moving and sold the company for over a hundred million dollars so they were happy. I was happy and took a short term of consulting because gold was in the downturn at the time and somehow you always lose your job just to the wrong moments. Yeah I know it's very cyclical. It seems to work that way. Anyway, let me make sure I get this order correctly. So I got 1991-92 and that's when BHP knocked on my door. They said they needed a new U.S. exploration manager who married me and moved me from Reno to Salt Lake City which was the kind of historical headquarters for BHP because at that time it was called BHP Utah International which had been a coal company and BHP being an Australian major still wanted to have a strong presence in North America based on Salt Lake City. That's where I worked from then. And that's where I kind of became enamored with that city and really liked living there. I stayed with BHP from 92 till 95 when Kinross contacted me and said why don't you consider moving to Toronto and becoming their first VP of exploration and I said of course and that's what I became involved with PDAC at the same time. I moved up here in July, by October the executive director of the PDAC had heard about me so he called me and said let's have lunch and I told him how I worked with the Geological Society of Nevada and set them up. He said well you should do things with us as well and I got involved with planning the convention on an annual basis from essentially 95 until just a couple of years ago. So while at Kinross we made other discoveries, we got involved with, initially I was just looking at exploration in the mine areas because that's really what they wanted was production type exploration and then we took over Amax Gold which opened Kinross up from a company that operated essentially in the Timmins, Kirtland Lake area and in Zimbabwe to acquire a gold, operating gold mine in Alaska at Fort Knox in Far East Russia at the Kubaka Mine and in Chile at the Ryukyo Mine and we made a small discovery extending our body, oh they also had a mine in B.C. I forgot about that, the QR mine. Interestingly the mine manager called me one day and said we've only got nine months of reserves left in front of us and don't have anywhere to turn. Can you come out and help us find something. So I went out there for ten days studied the geology, geochemistry and geophysics and came up with an exploration plan and our first eight holes were discoveries in a new ore body so we extended the mine life by another two years but at that point in time the mine was no longer of interest and we sold it. Similarly the mine that we acquired in Russia was a very high grade open pit mine called Kubaka well they only had five years of mine life left in it at the first board meeting the chairman said Bob we need you to find another identical ore body that's within trucking distance of this place that's a thousand kilometers from the nearest town and I said well there's only a couple of ways to do that and the way I thought would be most efficient was to essentially try to cooperate with the Russian government get access to the historic exploration data they'd collected in the region show the Russians and have them fully integrated into how to import that and interpret it in a GIS type system, define exploration targets and then do a rapid evaluation of what turned out to be 45 targets that we identified in a six month period of data analysis by hopscotching teams and two helicopters on a rotating basis and by the next onset of winter we'd identified three targets we wanted to drill now there'd never been a winter drilling program in remote Russia ever before and we set out to do that as well and this first program was location was about 60 kilometers away from the mine and it was a duster, it didn't work out the second project however was a target that we'd identified as a result of some stream sediment geochemistry, some interpretation of distal rock alteration underneath a glacially covered area in a stream valley and our first drill hole found mineralization virtually identical to the mine we drilled over a period of two years we drilled enough holes in that valley to define a little over a million ounces at almost 20 grams per ton in open pit configuration and that became a five year extension to the mine life that they asked me to do so inside of 18 months I've made two discoveries for them kind of by the pants because I was put under pressure saying we need you to find it now then Kinross decided they wanted to have a research office in Salt Lake City because that's one of their founding locations as well that's how they learned about me so they said why don't you go back and head up that office for a while and we learned very quickly that the chairman, CEO really like having one of his direct reports that far away so we decided to part paths but that didn't hurt too much in the five days later the Hunter Dickinson Group in Vancouver called me and said would you like to join us and that was in 2004 I became vice president of business development for them and I stayed with but I told them at that point in time my wife was the manager of a giant Macy's department store and so finding an equivalent job for her in Vancouver would have not been possible so I said you don't have to give up your career I'll I got Hunter Dickinson to agree that I should just commute on a weekly basis so I'd get out of plane every Sunday evening and usually for the first six years I'd fly home on Friday evening but that don't let me one and a half days at home I started to kind of realize not a lot of work gets done on Friday so instead I'd fly home on Thursday night and so I'd have Friday, Saturday to fly back again on Sunday anyway during that time I moved from vice president of business development to they changed titles around became senior business development executive and finally executive vice president of Hunter Dickinson and during that time we made a number of acquisitions that I was involved with notably the Bernstone Gold deposit in South Africa the Ola Zink lead deposit in Poland the Florence in situ leech copper project in southern Arizona let me think I know there's one or two more in my brain stop clicking in anyway so we anyway grow in the company Amali Tungsten deposit in New Brunswick called Sisson a BMS Zink led copper gold deposit in southeast Alaska and so on so we generally had about one reasonable acquisition per year over a 10 year period and then this past as this term got deeper and deeper beginning in 2008 finally this year it made logical sense I should just move along because there were no resources left to do another acquisition after Hunter Dickinson they had enough they had their plate full of projects and not enough money to support them so we made an agreement that I would no longer make the commute I'll my title will switch from EVP to executive advisor and like I'm free really to do whatever I want and they'll call me what they want some advice on things and that's where we are today so would you be semi-retired people I talk to retire but they don't really retire no geologists, many people don't retire we're having too much fun so last year I made an attempt with a couple of other mining engineer and financial guy we created an executive team that made a bid to acquire a nickel copper project from Rio Tinto that was located in northern Michigan unfortunately our bid came in about 10 million shy and so the Lundin corporation ended up buying the Eagle project currently I'm working on three other acquisitions and having a lot of fun doing it we're about made an attempt to acquire Barrick's Cowell Gold project in Australia we put in an offer of $450 million cash and it wasn't quite enough either having said that we believe the group got it overpaid substantially for it and I'm working on like I say three others now so one of them is going to stick to the wall is there any consulting? a little bit I'm doing some expert witness work dispute between two joint venture partners that should probably go to arbitration or court ruling that'll be fun, yeah I've not done that I just completed the program at the Rotman Business School I'm a director so I'm planning to evolve more to a corporate director position with major companies instead of junior companies so I think what I hopefully will do is complete one more acquisition that gives me an operating company and get on one or two quality company boards and move forward until whenever the time is right out of all your jobs there were a lot, can you think of one or a few that were at times dysfunctional? dysfunctional I can think of some dysfunctional management teams I'm not sure I want to name names per se but sometimes the maybe perhaps an example one of the companies that I worked with carried out a merger between itself and another operating company while the CEO chairman considered himself an acquisitions expert as well and yes he'd made good acquisitions but he essentially considered due diligence particularly on the technical side to be just perfunctory sort of thing that didn't mean anything so usually when you carry out due diligence on operating minds you send a full team and evaluate for two to five days to see how it's operating, where there might be problems and that sort of thing, he would assemble his team we'd visit two or three minds in a day so really there wasn't a true due diligence analysis on the operation he just wanted to get the deal done so he could move on to the next activity and that's probably not the best way to take care of the shareholders money at a couple of the operations yes they needed to have some major capital infusions to write some bad things a couple that were also okay so it I guess it balanced but it wasn't right you've traveled a lot and you've worked a lot around the globe you had mentioned Africa, South America, Russia, Australia I guess the question is are there any notable areas and were there any major differences you saw on how a mind functions in Russia for example compared to any mind in Canada the way the permitting process and the exploration governance by the country's government certainly is different, I guess one of the things I'm most notable for or notorious for was carrying out a due diligence in Afghanistan in 2008-2009 six trips to Afghanistan the project was called the INAC copper project located about 150 kilometers south of Kabul in the same area where Osama bin Laden was hiding out in fact I went into his cave and yeah there were some tense times on the area there were some bombs and shells around and things like that yeah I've worked in about 75-80 different countries and so again at BHP we were the first people in China back in the early 90s and how should I say you knew that one of your friends and translators worked for the Chinese equivalent of the CIA and he would spend every night trying to get me drunk so he could pump me with questions about things I shouldn't talk about and that was always interesting sparring with him Did the mind ever become a mind in Afghanistan 100 Dickinson looked at this as the best second place finish we ever had. We gained global recognition for the quality of the work we had done but the Chinese put money under the table and got the bid and then the Chinese proceeded then to try to change the terms of their deal and the property is still in suspension, nothing's happened really and the Afghanistan government still continues to contact me to ask for advice or ask me to come back again but I've largely give them advice but I'm not going back right now you're fully well versed in the mineral economics you had talked a bit about them but what are some of the major acquisitions that you've talked a little bit about a lot of those at Kinross and 100 Dickinson in particular I guess what are the largest or your proudest proudest not all of them come to fruition at this point I think the ones that are going to be the most interesting will include the Florence Institute Leach copper project in Arizona and that will be really the first of its type in that a major full-size porphyry copper deposit was oxidized so that the sulfide copper turned oxide copper which means it's leachable by acid it's in a perfect environment for rather than just making a hole and digging it up you drill holes into it infuse the rock with very weak acid it's weak enough that you could drink it without serious problems keeping the you inject the solution into one hole and it's surrounded by 5 other holes as long as you're sucking up more than you're pushing in you can control the flow direction of those solutions so the water that acid never gets out of the sphere of your activity and so you're able to recover all the copper without ever digging a hole and so when it's finished you back fill the old drill holes with cement and it could become a subdivision or a shopping mall or whatever and no deleterious effects it's more like a petroleum technique to a degree it is and so it'll be the first of its kind to make it all the way to commercial production we've experimented with it and it works very well the other one that's going to be quite interesting I think is the Olsa zinc lead deposit in Poland that area is one of the oldest mining camps in the world they've been actually recovering zinc and lead from that area for a thousand years the quality of the zinc and lead there are no impurities in it and so the concentrate that will be produced from this can be blended with other types of concentrates to improve the overall quality it's like diluting the bad stuff by putting more good stuff in and it's a neat little underground operation again back to the world class size in excess of 100 million ton type underground mines so it'll be a less 40 year mine I have a few social questions for you that I like to ask most people I interview one would be about women what was the or how present or absent were women throughout your career and how did that change I took my first job at Billiton there were no women on the technical staff at all but I had an exploration office working in the south in Alabama, Georgia, north and south Carolina and we decided to do a very large regional geochemical sampling program well we pulled together a team of eight summer students and I made sure half of them were women and the subsequent year the project geologists that were full-time staff people moved on to new things and I just essentially hired one of the women to become the project manager for that project thereafter so I think I've been at the early stages of having women doing field work with the rest of the guys at this point in time I'm mentoring three young women who are just finishing university or still in university we talked probably about once a month about the things where they feel like they've had setbacks or directions they might go provide some of my network names to them as well so they are able to build their own networking capabilities also at BHP my office comprised 1, 2, 3, 4 women as field geologists out of how many? Out of 12 that's still more than the norm the norm is about 20-22% if I remember correctly so we were up in the one third range and what kind of setbacks do you have a hard time in the field work surrounded by mostly men or joining a man's job or environment? None that I ever observed in the groups that I've managed I was very lucky that the guys were also quite mature about dealing with having a woman as part of their working team on the diversity at the CIM currently one of the founding members there and I participate regularly in women in mining activities in the US I participated in women in mining programs that have gone to Washington DC to lobby congressional leaders and that sort of thing as well I'd tease them that I was their mascot but it was all part of trying to just get the job done to inform government leaders as to what mining really was about. And do you see the trend of women working in those jobs increasing or? I think it's going to increase a bit more I don't think it'll ever really exceed maybe about 30-35% at any given time because the style of work oftentimes doesn't fit the ambitions that many women have either it requires a lot of travel, being in remote places and that sort of thing and it's going to sound bad with a lot of women just wouldn't enjoy doing that stuff for more discussions I have with them That's for another question I guess a social question and you have a bit of insight on the US side of it but I'd like to ask as well if you think there is a disconnect between mining or natural resource industry in general and society, media, people? Certainly and how do you see it? A lot of people in today's world think electricity comes out of the wall the water comes out of the tap and gasoline comes out of the pump and cars just come out of showrooms and there's been a strong disconnect as to the sources of all those things that make their lives comfortable One of the things I'm planning to do as the incoming president of the PDAC is promote a cooperative public outreach program to remind the population of Canada who are really quite knowledgeable about mining anyway they realize that Canada is a natural resource focused economy remind them that their quality of life has been based on and derived from the natural resources industries but I think a little reminder periodically is an appropriate thing there's probably a greater disconnect in the US by far. How so is it just because most of the population is less surrounded by those resources? To some degree the US is I won't say more urbanized in Canada because most Canadians live in larger cities but the US urban areas are certainly disconnected from the sources of those natural resources and a vocal minority gets a much larger theater to play at as well. So there's probably far less appreciation of where the natural resources that make their lives comfortable come from One of the things I like about Salt Lake City, it's a city in the mountains we have mountains on both sides of the city and on the western side within the city limits is the largest copper mine in the North America it's a big open pit copper mine that you can see the dumps from that's been operating since 1903 called Bigham Canyon they've mined over 5 billion tons of rock out of the hole so it can be seen from the moon and there's never been an environmental disaster of any sort in that 100 plus years of activity within the city limits of Salt Lake and in fact back in the 60s and 70s when I was a kid Sunday night TV was Lassie and Bonanza and that sort of thing Sunday night in Salt Lake City after Bonanza they had the Kennecott Family Movie and it would be sponsored by the mine the first 15 minutes was statistics of what went on at the mine that week in terms of how many tons of ore were removed and how much metal got produced and if there was an accident or not and then the movie would start 15 minutes after 9 and go commercial free for the rest of the evening so they kept the people informed Salt Lake City what this mine meant to their economy so that's a good example I've heard people in the mining business say you say yeah it goes both ways there could be a lot more done by a lot of the natural resource companies and industry itself to actually educate young kids or anybody really to show what they actually do this public outreach program that I'm talking about starting to implement would focus on various demographics I'm thinking you probably need a message that goes to the grade school middle school age crowd the late high school university age crowd to the late 20s and then another message that goes to the working adults as well so that each one gets kind of the same information but presented in a fashion that communicates with them better and there has been not a lot but the formative portions of public outreach PDAC and CI both have great programs with mining matters and mining for society in the respective organizations and they educate the teachers and the school kids about what natural resources mean to them and they make it fun with exercises that are carried out at school or at conventions and that sort of thing I can think of the state of Arizona has hired on the staff of the University of Arizona a former high school teacher and geologist and she has developed a whole curriculum of things to teach at various grade levels and each year visits more than 1000 students in the state and gets a day at probably 70 schools during the school year to go through the school and teach at different levels for a period about what mining does for their lifestyles and for the state of Arizona that kind of thing might not be a bad model to go elsewhere with Absolutely I think we need to communicate better with the media itself. I think media likes to sensationalize things It's kind of their job at the same time True but it's not bad to have sensational good news as well or less biased at times having a news commentator who understands where these resources come from not just the story itself so that they can make a little more accurate judgment as to what's going on when an event occurs rather than relying on the hysterics at times that occur Thank you. I know we're running short on time so I'll ask you, I'll just finish with a few questions We can split it in two if it makes it easier but what are you proud of stuff in life and you could go life in general and professional I think I'm proudest of the wonderful marriage I have with my wife Patty being married as an exploration and field jealous business development guy means around the road a lot and we've got a I think a pretty functional and understanding relationship no matter where I am in the world I call her at least once every day and I mean I called her from Afghanistan I've called her from a helicopter crash in Siberia one time in a snowstorm things like that but that way she knows what I'm up to she feels like she's part of my side of life and I feel like I know what's going on at home and so she feels like I'm contributing to hard decisions when she's there by herself and that seems to really work and so it's a mutually supportive situation I'm really happy with that I think probably the thing I enjoy most about my career has been the feeling I have giving back I like the volunteer activities that I do quite a bit so being involved with the Geological Society of Nevada early in my career the SME in the US which is the equivalent of CIM I've been on their board for 15 years being involved with the PDAC and CIM here in Canada and with the Mining Hall of Fame all of those things they probably eat 20 to 40 hours a week of my time in the evenings but that keeps me out of trouble every night when I'm away from home too because I can work on I've always got something I can work on but it's very exciting to see programs come to fruition we'll finish with one question and that's one of the favorite ones I like to ask is if you were talking to someone a much younger student for example what would be your one important life lesson or piece of advice you could give them on a career basis do what you enjoy don't make going to work at Drudge make it something to look forward to every morning I get up at 5am and I'm in the office at 6am every morning and it's because I like what I do what I really think I enjoy about the jobs that I've had is that it's progressively integrated further and further by science and understanding of earth processes and geology with the business side and mineral economics such that I now can ask the dollars and cents questions as they relate to what's likely to happen in the rocks and in terms of make enough time you gotta always make time for yourself yes you can get burnt out and so that's why a couple nights a week I play basketball or softball so but you can still I can still work a 14 hour day and play two hours of a sport in the evening before I have a supper and go to bed I make life fun that's basically what I try to do you a big coffee drinker? I don't drink coffee at all I never learned how I tasted it when I was four and I said same you're high on life that's good I'd be dangerous if I had caffeine in me I'd be forever bouncy off the ceiling yeah I love the same way right on well whatever I do drink my fair share of wine Bob Schumer thank you very much oh it's enjoyable thanks so much


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What's going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards have been 23 penini gold standard football hobby six box half case break number four Switch the title for you guys my bad Number four pick a team style read off a list of our names and our teams here We've got Adam T with the Saints Barry Y with the Niners Dolphins and Falcons Shipe with commanders Brian G bills David B with the Raiders Delphine G at Lions Colts Edward P Chargers Ethan B with the Cowboys Steelers Ferhani Broncos Gordon P with the Panthers and Browns Jacob P has the Ravens Jacob W with the Bucks Jacobs has got you in the In the order now. I love it. Thank you Jacob Justin M with the Rams Kyle T Jets Matthew G Titans Nicholas S Giants and Seahawks Nick B with the Packers Peter N Bangles Robert Bobby are with the Bears Royce C has the Texans Sam B Patriots Sean C Jags Troy S Chiefs Tyler W with the Cardinals Vikings and Eagles so good luck here everybody Keith picking up the Texans eight nine and ten Thank You Keith So Texans now off the board. I think in everything no more Texan spot available 13 to go in the next one gotta get that one filled up everybody. Let's keep it moving here That'll be out of a fresh case as well That will be out of a fresh case five and six is a brand new case. All right Let's get started with a Tony Pollard to 75 Nice one there. We've got Deontay banks to 75 rookie for the G men Got a cam acres. That's kind of nasty gold gear one of 49. It's kind of a crazy patch on it That's cool. Nice one there congrats Rams Nice first sighting him Anthony Richardson to 399 the rookie Jersey newly minted newly minted Either Chang picking up some spots today as well later Again, healthy healthy healthy, right to 299 gold mine. It's Tyree kill for the Dolphins on the jersey Yeah, he needs to just relax for a bit Because I feel like Mint you good enough. Yeah, hold down the Ford, right? To 24 on the violet auto is Darius Davis a rose gold rose gold. Excuse me rose gold is Darius Davis Nice one there and then QJ quitting Johnson a 149 for the Chargers as well rookie Jersey up Quintan Johnson All right, that is a Jotavius Martin to 99 We do finally get a gardener versus T-Law true Jackson. Oh true. That is a DJ more to 49 They're not wrong Vaughn. That's kind of funny actually when you think about it that way good Lord Oh Cole Comet on the gold rush patch 11 to 24 on the rose gold Parallel three color patch there for Chicago Jake Hainer that is gonna be to 399 newly minted Jersey for the Saints got a white gold Kenny pick it to 299 Danny for the Steelers on the second year of Jersey Nice one here going to the Bengals Chad Johnson 11 to 24 little Ocho Cinco 10 karat gold auto Congrats on that sincey. Those are nice. Don't find me, right? Stop saying how you doing buddy? How you doing? How you doing? And I think big speed of 149 rookie Jersey auto. What up saint? Hope you are doing well this fine evening. I was fine afternoon True I'll make sure not to use your government name Accidentally Christian Gonzalez is 75 rookie for the Patriots and Calvin Ridley to 99 for the Jags There you go Jacksonville got a Darren Waller gold rush Jersey to 49 for the Giants Gotta be one of Waller's first Giants cards for sure Yeah, take Bigsby is really in everything Adam. He really is man He was a premier guy though, so at least it makes sense again 12 at you go Gold standard number five breaks next Desmond Ritter white gold to 299 There you go Falcons We've got a redemption Davon a chain going to the Dolphins nice one there Congrats Dolphins on the redemption That'll work just fine Achan dolphins He's like half and half of these are redemptionaries alive. Nice one there Miami. Nice one here for Miami again Goldstreak Zach Thomas 19 of 25 Absolute stud linebacker the 90s and 2000s Congrats there at Miami And then nice RPA Stetson Bennett that is two color. Well technically one color and two color to 24 for up 24 on the violet Very nice Congrats Rams Stetson Bennett Yeah, that was a dolphin box for sure right there I was a dolphin box for sure Whoa, that's nasty. Okay Lucas Van Ness to 49 That's disgusting dude That's so sick that That is case hit go into the Texans double eagle CJ Stroud to 24 Dude, that's that's Nasty holy cow, man. That's wow. Oh my god Case hit CJ Stroud. That is a thick one too. That's so sick man CJ Stroud to 24 big-time hit congrats Houston double eagle. Whoo boy Get that into a mag for sure Leviska Chinult to 299 for the Panthers That's true Matthew Goo H picking up the Jags and 789. Thank you. Goop one of the Panthers. We've got a Tyree Wilson That is to 399 for the Raiders Congrats on that one at their Raiders newly minted at rookie Jersey Yeah, these cases are something Alice man. Yes, the cards in that one.  What a box the 199 there is Davis. Good Lord, dude These case hit boxes are loaded Loaded because that's gonna be rookie Jersey Otto Anthony Richardson to 149 going to the Colts is that Royce Royce with the case hit Let's go Royce. Congrats, buddy. Hell. Yeah Royce with the Texans. Yes, sir. Yes, sir And I think that's Delphine had the yes Delphine with the Colts Congrats Delphine with the Anthony Richardson do this stuff gets hot man. It's hot here That Stroud is so nasty man. The double eagle is dope, dude. Holy cow All right, Dorian Thompson Robinson to 24. We've got Saquon Barkley to 99 for the Giants Eden Hutchinson white gold to 299 that's going to the Lions on the white gold Jersey. We've got a Zach Charbonnet newly minted to 398 nine Specific as a Josh Allen 101 the Jags one like you said the better the better Josh Allen the superior Josh Allen Again five twelve to go on number five Gold standard Number five PYT Breaks next everybody breaks next 12 to go 12 to go Fair fair Not wrong that is gonna be Kenneth Walker to 299 for the Seahawks This is nasty Jake Plummer 24 karat gold signatures six or 10 Jake the snake congrats Denver. Nice one there Jake Plummer and then rookie at Jersey jumbo auto to 149 Jalen Carter. Let's go into the Eagles Congrats Eagles mark. I'm picking up the Rams in six. Thank you mark Six with another one off the board here And yeah, he's pretty much like putting together a whole rehabilitation thing Oh, that's like just like to kind of help them with the coping and all right good friend Awesome, that's cool. Where's your hometown? Right exactly Derek Hall to 14 on the violet Congrats on that there Seattle Seattle Tremend Edmonds that'll be to 95 99 for the Bears Again, Villa Jersey signed by the Bears. I would just tag this one Bears actually I guess that's got that on it Yeah, never mind Isaiah Pacheco to 299 for the Chiefs It's one there.  Oh Man, that's funny gold strike going to the Broncos West Welker auto 11 or 24 Broncos Legend West Welker that's kind of sick though. That's kind of sick. I like that He's made his way into products this year, which has been cool Nice one there congrats there Denver and then Sam LaPorta to 199 go into the Lions congrats on that Detroit Very nice very nice All right guys quick recap here start with our jerseys We've got Anthony Richardson Zach Sharpenay, Tyree Wilson, Jay Caner, Anthony Richardson, Aidan Hutchinson, Isaiah Pacheco, Brock Purdy Jonathan Taylor, Kenneth Walker, Kenny Pickett, Leviska Chinoltz, Desmond Ritter, Tyree Kill, Darren Waller, Cam Akers and Cole Comet Yeah, I know I was gonna say there's one of them I'm just pretending that wasn't a card. We've got Devon Achan Sam LaForda, Darius Davis, Tank Bigsby, Jalen Carter, Quinton Johnson, a Zach Thomas, Ocho Cinco Stetson Bennett, Wes Welker, Darius Davis and a Jake Plummer And then the Massive hit we'll start with the Anthony Richardson rookie jersey. I forgot about that one Nice one there Colts and then CJ Stroud double Eagle case hit to 24 for the Texans. That's disgusting I'll do it for the break everybody. Thanks again for the fill next up number five


Gentlemen, the President of the United States. Thank you very much. Thank you all very much. I'm deeply honored to address this conference. I know that a good many of you have come a long way to be here today, and I know you've given greatly of your time and energy and concern. And I could only hope, as you do, that those now suffering around the world for their beliefs will draw renewed courage from your work. The history of religion and its impact on civilization cannot be summarized in a few days, or never mind minutes. But one of the great shared characteristics of all religions is the distinction they draw between the temporal world and the spiritual world. All religions, in effect, echo the words of the Gospel of St. Matthew, render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's and unto God the things that are God's. What this injunction teaches us is that the individual cannot be entirely subordinate to the state, that there exists a whole other realm, an almost mysterious realm of individual thought and action which is sacred and which is totally beyond an outside of state control. This idea has been central to the development of human rights. Only in an intellectual climate which distinguishes between the city of God and the city of man, and which explicitly affirms the independence of God's realm and forbids any infringement by the state on its prerogatives, only in such a climate could the idea of individual human rights take root, grow, and eventually flourish. We see this climate in all democracies and in our own political tradition. The founders of our republic rooted their democratic commitment and the belief that all men are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights. And so they created a system of government whose avowed purpose was and is the protection of those God-given rights. But as all of you know only too well, there are many political regimes today that completely reject the notion that a man or woman can have a greater loyalty to God than to the state. Marx's central insight when he was creating his political system was that religious belief would subvert his intentions. Under the communist system, the ruling party would claim for itself the attributes which religious faith ascribes to God alone. And the state would be final arbiter of youth or truth, I should say, justice and morality. I guess saying youth there instead of truth was just a sort of a Freudian slip on my part. Marx declared religion an enemy of the people, a drug, an opiate of the masses. And Lenin said religion and communism are incompatible in theory as well as in practice. We must fight religion. All of this illustrates a truth that I believe must be understood. Atheism is not an incidental element of communism, not just part of the package. It is the package. In countries which have fallen under communist rule, it is often the church which forms the most powerful barrier against a completely totalitarian system. And so totalitarian regimes always seek either to destroy the church or when that is impossible to subvert it. In the Soviet Union, the church was immediately attacked with the communist revolution. But the Soviets bowing to Western squeamishness about the denial of liberties often characterized their actions as merely defensive. In 1945, Joseph Stalin met with Harry Hopkins, who had been sent by Harry Truman to discuss various east-west problems. In the middle of a talk about politics, Stalin interjected the following. In 1917, he said the Russian Communist Party had proclaimed the right of religious freedom as part of their political program. But he said the churches of Russia had declared the Soviet government anathema and had called on church members to resist the call of the Red Army. Now, what could we do, said Stalin, but declare war on the church. He assured Hopkins, however, that World War II had ended the church state antagonism and now freedom of religion could be granted to the church. But that, as you know, never happened. History has taught us that you can bulldoze a church but you can't extinguish all that is good in every human heart. And so in spite of the dangers involved, there are Christians and Jews and Muslims and others throughout the communist world who continue to practice their faith. Some of them have been imprisoned for their courage. There's the late Valerie Machenko, who died in the Soviet prison hospital a few short months ago. He was 37 years old, a scholar and a Christian who, at his most recent trial, spoke of his belief in God and his faith in human goodness. There's Father Gleb Yakunin, who was recently sent to Siberia for five years of internal exile. He's another prisoner of faith. And Bronislav Borowski, recently sentenced for smuggling Bibles into Czechoslovakia. These are only a few of many. Dr. Ernest Gordon, the president of an organization named CREED, Christian Rescue Effort for the Emancipation of Dissidents, noted that on a recent trip to Eastern Europe, he spoke with a priest who had spent 10 years in prison. The priest asked him to deliver a message to the West. There is a war going on. It is not nuclear, but spiritual. The fallout of the atheistic explosion is everywhere. But Dr. Gordon added, although the fallout may be everywhere, we're reminded that God too is everywhere and not even tyrannies can keep him out. We in the United States have protested this terrible abuse of people who are nothing less than heroes of this century. Recently, when congressional leaders met in Moscow with General Secretary Gorbachev, they gave the Soviet leadership a list of Baltic and Ukrainian prisoners of conscience. And the Council on Soviet Jewry and other groups were magnificent in making sure that the congressional delegation did not leave without extensive data on repression against Jews in the Soviet Union. Religious persecution, of course, is not confined to Europe. We see it in Iran, whose leaders have virtually declared war on the Baha'is. We see it in Afghanistan, where the Soviet military has resorted to increasingly cruel measures against the Muslim people. And we see a variation on how to abuse religious freedom in the Sandinista regime of Nicaragua. In Nicaragua, the Sandinista regime is faced with a politically active church that, although it supported the revolution, is now considered a major obstacle to complete totalitarian control. Sometime back, Nicaraguan Bishop Pablo Antonio Vega said that we are living with a totalitarian ideology that no one wants in this country. The Sandinistas are actively attempting to discredit and split the church hierarchy. And there's one new area to be watched. The Sandinistas, like all communist regimes, are injecting their ideology into the educational system and have begun widespread campaigns to indoctrinate children and adults. But the Catholic Church is fighting to maintain autonomy and keep this indoctrination out of their churches and schools. I just had a verbal message delivered to me from the Pope urging us to continue our efforts in Central America. Well this thing that I was mentioning has not been resolved. Cuba solved the problem by closing all private schools, including religious schools. The general state of religious liberty in Nicaragua is suggested by testimony from various sources, but most vividly by those who have fled this brutal regime. We recently learned of a pastor of the evangelical church in a Nicaraguan town who told the freedom fighters that the Sandinistas had threatened to send the 3,000 members of his church to relocation camps. The pastor and his church members are now hiding out in caves and temporary settlements in the countryside. The Sandinistas also harass Jews. Two Nicaraguan refugees, Serita and Oscar Kellerman, have told of the firebombing of their synagogue by the Sandinistas. When the Sandinistas wrote on the synagogue the words, what Hitler started, we will finish. And they wrote on the Kellerman's home, Jews out of Nicaragua. May I interject here that stories like these have organized coercion and brutality and terror are the reason we're asking Congress for aid to help the freedom fighters and to help the victims of the Sandinista regime. When I think of Nicaragua these days it occurs to me anew that you can judge any new government, any new regime by whether or not it allows religion to flourish. If it doesn't you can be sure it's an enemy of mankind for it's attempting to ban what is most beautiful in the human heart. But we mustn't feel despair because it's not appropriate to the times we're living in a dramatic age. Throughout the world the machinery of the state is being used as never before against religious freedom. But at the same time throughout the world new groups of believers keep springing up. Points of light flash out in the darkness and God is honored once again. Perhaps this is the greatest irony of the communist experiment. The very pressure they apply seems to create the force, friction and heat that allow deep belief to once again burst into flame. I believe that the most essential element of our defense of freedom is our insistence on speaking out for the cause of religious liberty. I would like to see this country rededicate itself wholeheartedly to this cause. I join you in your desire that the Protestant churches of America, the Catholic Church and the Jewish organizations remember the members of their flock who are in prison or in jeopardy in other countries. We are our brothers' keepers, all of us. And I hope the message will go forth from this conference to prisoners of conscience throughout the world, take heart you have not been forgotten. We, your brothers and sisters in God, have made your cause our cause. And we now, we vow never to relent until you have regained the freedom that is your birthright as a child of God. Now, let me turn to an issue, if I could, for just a moment that has provoked a storm of controversy. My decision to visit the war cemetery at Bitburg and my decision on the state visit to Germany, not to visit the site of the concentration camp at Dachau. It was and remains my purpose and that of Chancellor Cole to use this visit to Germany on the 40th anniversary of the war's end in Europe to commemorate not simply the military victory of 40 years ago, but the liberation of Europe, the rebirth of German freedom and the reconciliation of our two countries. My purpose was and remains not to re-emphasize the crimes of the Third Reich in 12 years of power, but to celebrate the tremendous accomplishments of the German people in 40 years of liberty, freedom, democracy and peace. It was to remind the world that since the close of that terrible war, the United States and the Federal Republic have established an historic relationship, not of superpower to satellite, but of sister republics bounded together by common ideals and alliance and partnership. It is to cement the 40 years of friendship between a free Germany and the United States, between the German people and the American people. The Chancellor Cole and I agreed together to lay a wreath at the cemetery for the German war dead. That's why I accepted the invitation to Bitburg and that's why I'm going to Bitburg. As for the decision not to go to Dachau, one of the sites of the great moral obscenity of that era, it was taken because of my mistaken impression that such a visit was outside the official agenda. Chancellor Cole's recent letter to me, however, has made it plain that my invitation to visit a concentration camp was indeed a part of his planned itinerary. So I have now accepted that invitation and my staff is in Germany exploring a site that will fit into our schedule there. For years I've said it and I'll say it again today and I will say it again on that occasion. We must never forget the Holocaust nor should we ever permit such an atrocity to happen ever again, never again. Thank you. God bless all of you.