Hey there friends, how's it going? My name is Kevin and today we're going to be doing some Minecraft. If you've seen some of my other videos where I use a Chaos mod, it is essentially the same thing, but in Minecraft and a hundred times worse. I know what you're thinking, that doesn't seem possible, but it is! It starts off extremely rough the first two minutes, but after that I kinda start getting into the swing of it, so stick with it. The ultimate goal was for me to find Diamond while all this Chaos was going on. I hope you enjoy. What have you been doing when I've been minimized? What? Look at that chat log! What were you doing? How am I even gonna walk? I just started this new world. I wanna see how far I can get. Am I just trying with- Well that's it. Dude, run! What are you doing? Run! Oh no, we're in so much trouble and it's just began.  A sword! Thank you! Yes! Wait, what is going on?   Fantastic, now we're both stuck here.  I can't jump! Your speed is now normal. Oh my god. I wonder if we go underground because then surely, surely the dragons would suffocate, right? Or else they'd spawn above me. I'm gonna do the cardinal sin of Minecraft. I'm digging straight down. Alright, progress.  It is so difficult. The sounds are so disturbing. You mean any of them sounds or the sounds of me suffering? Of course you mean in game. No one cares about my suffering. Does it keep getting louder? It really seems like it. I don't know. Turn up FOV. Sure, anything for you guys. You scratch my back, I'll scratch yours. Oh my god, look at the landscape. This world was once beautiful. I don't look at me like that. It's judging me for drinking. How can you blame me when existence is pain? Oh god. Okay, okay. For feck's sake, lads. I thought I had just gone into a peaceful area. Oh, someone's healing me. Thank you, Phoenix. Smooth clinical, thank you. Oh, for every like 10 of you that are trying to destroy me, one of you tries to help me, and I think that's being generous. Feck and infamous, point 69. You know, even if your name didn't come up, I'd know it was you for some reason. All right, real progress now. Okay, when the jump comes back, real progress. I am going to try and get some sheep, some wool, make a bed far away from here, so I spawned at somewhere else. Because at least then I'll have a fresh start and I can abandon this feckin' disaster of a zone. That's funny. At least I have another one.  Infamous funny 69 has destroyed your diamond axe. I don't know why you have it out for me, dude. I don't know why you hate me so much. But I can't... Oh my god.   Why am I using this? Infamous funny didn't take this axe. You know what? I'll feckin' settle for this. Thank you, thank you. Okay, because I know someone's trying to kill me like literally as we speak. One second, one second, one second, one second. This is feckin' speedrunning. Run out of the area, run out of the area, run out of the area. Bed, bed, bed, bed. Please, someone make it night. I didn't realise it would have to be night time. Oh my god, someone sent me to my spawn point but it's made it to bed. Thank god.  Not that this is any better by the way. You know what? I'll dig down. I'm gonna have a bunker house. It seems fitting. If the world was like this... Aw, the crowd just gave me a heart. Aren't you nice? This is fine. This is a good little house. Oh my god, dude, really? What? What even is that? Aw, one of those feckin' illager things. Alright, well that's my first house ruined. Thank you for the axe. I'm sorry you were born into this world.  Do you know the way like there's kind of a meme of flashbacks and then you play the music and you put some footage kind of opacity? Yeah, I'm gonna have flashbacks like that but about this, here's my house. It's actually a lovely little house to be fair. Like, I know it doesn't seem like much but given what's going on outside this is a feckin' like paradise. You just gave me an extension. Alright, I don't even care. That was actually just useful.   Aw, it was a good attempt. Again, you're just giving me extensions. I love the creepers. Keep spawning them, guys. They're great. Oh my god, this fecker. How do you even deal with this? No, I forgot. I don't know how I forgot. I must have repressed it in real time. Oh, for feck's sake. All I see is that creeper is spawned above me while I'm paused and then look in the chat and it says infamous funny 69 just behind a creeper. This is fine. What I'll do is when I'm on pause attempt to run away from my bed because there are monsters under it and then I'm gonna go back make a boat. Thank you for setting the difficulty down, I appreciate that. Gonna grab my bed, hop in my boat and cross the sea to a new continent where there are no dragons. Alright, that's the plan. Let's go. Oh, why did they spawn that way? I went to run away and then they went the same direction I went in. Perfect. Respawn. He just saw the world and he was like, you know what? No, I'm going back to sleep.  The world is literally falling apart and you're just feckin' napping. Goodbye chaos. I'm leaving it all behind me.  Yes! Look at that! Victory in my book. I even got to sleep. No, no, no, I just looked in the chat and saw it was a witch.  I can spawn here all day. I'm a gamer. I have many lives. You are not a gamer. Do not mess with gamers. What was that? What was the noise? Viewer of the crowd just killed you. Not spawning anything just killed me. They're just like, you know what? No, I'd rather he was dead. Thanks guys. Alright, but you know what? Oh for feck's sake. Do I have to emigrate again? You murdered a horse. Did you not have enough murdering from the Skyrim one? Are you for real like? No, you are for real.  He's smoking. Smoking? Suffocating. This is the worst one. Guys do something.  Oh my god. I thought it was safe. Okay, smaller house, smaller house.  I don't know what you classify as winning, but it doesn't really feel like I'm winning. I feel like I'm figuring it out a little bit, like how to try and survive for longer than 30 seconds, but it is definitely proving difficult. Oh my god, what even was that? You couldn't spawn anything in there, so you just exploded me. Wait, why is he just bombing it? I get that you had to kill me, but did you have to bomb the earth so I could never live there again? Okay, new strategy. Two by two house. This is my house. Are many like it? This one is mine. Oh my god. Rough neighborhood. No, there are definitely not many like it. This is one of a kind housing. Oh, here we go. Now people are feeling sorry for me. Yes, pity. Pity always wins out in the end. Yeah. That's what I like to hear. Not the horse dying. I don't... I love horses, you know. It's just, it's good to know the base works in the way I wanted it to.  Oh, a cave spider. Jesus. Fitting, I find you down here in a cave.   Who did that? The drunken Irish. I thought you were nice to me. So much helpful stuff and then you're like I have his trust now. Not to worry. I'm pretty sure I can get down there pretty easily. And not to worry. I'm pretty sure we can get down there pretty easily. Alright. Not to worry. Where did you come from?  It's like Groundhog Day except each day is like a minute. Oh my god. Someone took a residence in my house squatter. Alright. Well, not to worry. At least I'm safe in here. This feels good. We'll go. Hello. How are you doing my friend? What? My house was impenetrable. How did you do that?  Who spawned that? Who was that? The crowd. It was all of you. How did, oh look him.  Oh, thanks for speeding me up so I can go witness it firsthand. My home being destroyed. Honestly, I'm just impressed. I didn't know you could do that. I'm going to try once more to get my stuff back. But we might have to change. Yes! Drunken Irish. You're back on the good person side. This was where my house used to be, our entrance. That is so sad. You can still see the little path. Oh, it's like digging up some like Roman town or something. It's just got the very basics, like the foundations of what it once was. Ooh. And there's coal there. Today is my lucky day. Oh, thank you Drunken Iron. Yeah, I feel like you're really trying to make up for earlier. You don't need to worry about that. Oh, no, no, no! Run, run, run! Run, make me fast, make me fast! I can't run! Who disabled my run? That's it! I'm going to do nothing because I can't do anything about that. Oh, but I'm slightly annoyed. Yes, coal. Okay, now I can make torches so you can see.  Okay, sticks and stones can break my bones but only chat can hurt me. Could I have sheep please? Could you give me three sheep please? It's like just asking something from God. Like, dear chat who art in my Twitch room please, I need three sheep stat. Oh, yes! They even come pre-killed! This is fantastic news. You know what? Two beds.   I've got a spawn point in here now. This is going better than expected. The start went much, much, much, much much worse than expected. This is kind of what I expected to happen at the start, like this level of chaos. But what we got was so much worse the cow. Confused as I am. I want to find diamond. I feel like if I find diamond, I've won. I think that would be a major success story. But for the fact sake can I have another pick? Because I'm stuck here otherwise. If someone could give me a pick that would just be swell. Jesus Christ almighty! Tunneled myself in. Away from that wither. I don't know. Does it always do that noise? Or is it just now?  And now I've locked myself in here so I can only go back up that way. And all that's up there waiting for me is dragons. Could I have another pickaxe please? You're like my parents. It's just like, could I please have another pickaxe? No, you broke the last one. Oh my god, where am I going? I never saw it. I never saw it. Hi.  I was just about to say this is eerily quiet but then the explosion started again. Oh, lava. Diamond? Diamond? Please? Diamond? Oh come on, I want to be a winner. I don't know how it feels. Oh no!  They killed me so much earlier. Oh thank goodness. Am I going to live? I turned around and they just looked at me. They just dead on. They knew. They knew I was afraid. No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. Alright. Okay, fair enough. You got me. You got me. You got me. Who was that? Jenny Ambrose. I expected better for you, Jenny. I thought you were one of the nice ones. Just want to tell the mods you're doing a great job. They are, aren't they? I appreciate you, mods. As I'm sure a lot of the community does. Right, mods? I don't see it yet because this is all delayed so I'm just going to assume you all reacted. Yeah!  I just applauded my own death. Perfect sake. Thank you for the diamond horse armor. It's like mocking me. It's like, here's something nice but you can't use it.  Oh my God, what am I supposed to do here? Oh Jesus Christ. Okay, well, that way is completely ruined. There's no way I'm going to be able to go that way. Can I have a pickaxe please? Thank you. That was way too well timed. I feel like a really lame version of Thor. Just summoning my pickaxe. I'm going to name it Wobbles. Not as cool of a name either. All I got to do is find diamond. That's all you got to do, Kevin. And it could literally happen at any moment. You can do this. It's just been constant explosions. Half of explosions. Perfect sake. One second, let's... I don't know. I don't know what to do. I was going to say, let's get some...  There's a wither. Oh no. If they destroy my spawn, I'm fucked. Is there anything you could do to give me super mining powers? I don't remember seeing anything like that unfortunately. But that would be so cool. Kevin has won his challenge for a change. Kevin is a winner. It's mine. I have it in the inventory. That counts. That is it. We have done it. We have done it. I have done it. You have done it. We all have done it. I don't even mind. I'll give you guys the credit too. I couldn't have done it if you weren't giving me pickaxes. So there you go. It was a collaboration. It just felt like some of the people in the collaboration weren't doing any work. And in fact, we're deliberately feeding their homework to the dog. You left one? I didn't, did I? Oh, I forgot there was a dragon in this tunnel. Thank you. It's like something out of Scooby-Doo. As soon as I see the dragon, I just stare at it running. Jesus Christ. Oh no. Oh no. There's withers literally everywhere. Up the stairs, they're down the stairs. They're in the middle of the stairs. Oh my god. They've been just casually destroying the entire world. I can't seem to die though. Hold on. Okay. Well look, the treasure will remain in the cave. I am so happy. I know it looks like a fail but it feels like a win. I think I feel like we need to stop listening to this. Is anyone else in the same boat here? This is the original spawn. They're still going for it. It looks like someone just griefed it with like spawning in TNT. It honestly does. It looks horrible. Absolutely horrible.


headline news update welcome folks we have the Dow industrials trading up 13 Nasdaq down 39 S&P's down 8 that's quite away from this morning we're down 65 in the S&P's gold gold contract down $2.80 traded 18 12 an ounce we have silver up 58 cents 23 dollars 42 cents an ounce light sweet crew down a $1.14 $80 8 cents a barrel notes and bonds that's a turn to what a trip this is wild man you get the 10 year up one tick 1 14 20 the 30 year up 9 at 129 25 and King dollar King dollars been all over the place it's down into the red right now down a buck 50 trading 104 5 79 the year is at 105 the end is that hip out here at 134 and the British pound is at 122 to 1 US dollar we get over me take a look at the S&P folks bottom line you have a sideways movement out here that's what you have you had a rejection of low yeah I can get a rejection of lower price you got down we have light volume 58 million shares you know it didn't you got down to 402 140 so the top of the range it didn't even get into lower range the beginning of the lower range is 402 31 so bottom line is that you got another rejection that's and guess what higher prices are going to come at you and the x100 we take a look at the end the x100 you get the same type of setup inside the end the x and the x out here you get 41 million shares let's see how this is set up to yeah 293 yeah I mean this is rejected lower price of lighter volume to so bottom line in both cases that's what you have if we go over to the currency you're gonna see it's all about the bottom line in this currency what you have with the currency out here is that the smaller than what you did is that we rejected first off we rejected 104 377 you got you blasted up to the 105 585 and you gave it up again and if we go over to the gold we look at the gold contract in the same type of setup in the gold contract gold contract got got down to 1791 right now we're trading at 7 at 1812 and and we have 171,000 contracts traded let's just see what this one here is from yesterday yeah yes I mean we're rolling this contract but yesterday had 226,000 stay right there folks come right back


Cancer is a disease caused by abnormal growth of cells. It has been found that highly reactive molecules known as reactive oxygen species, iOS, can be used to kill cancer cells. These molecules are naturally produced in small amounts in healthy cells, but when they are overproduced in cancer cells, they can cause them to die. This process is known as programmed cell death, and it can be used to selectively target diseased cells. By using drugs or light-stimulated therapies to increase the production of iOS, researchers believe this may lead to more effective treatments for cancer. This article was authored by Bruno Parillo, Masia Di Donotto, Antonio Pozzoni, and others.


If you want to feel vindicated, if you want to validate your ignorance, your biases, your prejudices, your inanity and in some cases your inborn inbred stupidity, there's a coach for that.  Science is wrong, authority is wrong, expertise is wrong, history is wrong, only you are right. And these kinds of coaches and intellectual, public intellectuals laugh all the way to the bank and they make very frequent trips to the bank, trust you me. On the back of this mass gullibility, there are public intellectuals who claim that cheating in a marriage, extramarital affairs, straying, deception, lies, concealment, they're all good things. They are therapeutic, they revive the marriage, they imbue it with spice, they resuscitate it. They make it sound as if cheating were an altruistic act, an act of love and the affirmation of the marriage vows. And of course I'm not talking only about marriage, I'm talking about committed relationships in general. Affairs are known as extra dyadic, extra dyadic sex. We are talking about having sex with someone outside the couple when there has been an agreement between the members of the couple to maintain sexual exclusivity culminating in some cases in monogamy. Yesterday I published the following short text on Instagram. If having an affair has revitalized your marriage, then your union has always been sick and dysfunctional based on deception, mistrust and object dependency. A mentally healthy marriage, a mentally healthy relationship, never, never survives an affair. And this provoked a storm and of course people were banding about all kinds of public intellectuals who claimed that there's nothing wrong with cheating. Cheating can inject a lot of verve and energy into a moribund and dying relationship and that cheating is nothing but a form of acting out a dysfunctional way of coping with the difficulties of togetherness. First of all allow me to clarify what is it that I'm talking about. I'm referring to cheating and I'm using the word cheating judiciously. Cheating is an affair with another person outside the couple, an affair which involves deception. By the way it doesn't have to be sexual, it would be emotional. It involves deception. I am not referring to an open marriage or an open relationship or polyamory or the lifestyle a.k.a. swinging or carcaldry. I'm not referring to any of these practices because they do not involve deception, concealment, backstabbing, betrayal. These are consensual arrangements. Any arrangement between consenting adults which involves no coercion of any kind and no harm whatsoever to others is perfectly legitimate as a way to pursue happiness and well-being. So yes, I have actually a very liberal mindset when it comes to human sexuality. I'm not precluding any type of consensual arrangement as long as it doesn't harm others. And some affairs are consensual, for example in polyamory, but when the affair involves concealment, lying, hiding, betrayal, to forgive this magnitude of deception and rejection, you need to be mentally impaired somehow. Only people who are mentally unwell forgive deceptive affairs. Period. There's no exception. Forget all the nonsense and all the self-justification because people self-justify. Forget all the mitigating circumstances, there are none. There is no mitigating circumstance to stabbing your loved one in the back, to betraying her, to lying to him, to concealing the most important part of your life from your togetherness. There is no mitigating circumstance, no explanation, no justification. Period. Period. Period. End of story. If the marriage is of two psychologically impaired people, people with psychological problems, non-number of affairs can fix this kind of union, can this kind of marriage. Affair is not a magic bullet. It is not a panacea. Affairs reflect the psychological dynamics of the two people involved in the couple, in the diet. And if these dynamics are sick, dysfunctional, pathological, the affair would signify these underlying interactions between the couple, between the pathologies of the two members of the couple. No affair can fix, revive, resuscitate a healthy relationship. This is rank nonsense. It flies in the face of all the evidence we have. Affairs can resuscitate or revive or inject or spice up unhealthy, dysfunctional, pathological unions or diets or couples, where the two members of the couple, or one of them at least, is mentally ill. To accept an affair, to forgive it, to move on, to embrace it, requires mental illness. Again, period. Period. Not pleasant to hear, not palatable, since many of you have committed adultery and infidelity, and you don't want to hear that. You want to justify yourself. It was an aberration. It was a one-off. I didn't mean it. It was a difficult period. I felt misunderstood. I didn't have enough sex. I didn't have enough love.   It is incurable, though it is manageable. Ignore the self-interested nonsense online about healing. The self-help industry is a scam if you didn't catch up to it by now. So what do mentally healthy people do? Healthy. Not impaired. Not dysfunctional. Not unhealthy. Not ill. Not disordered. Healthy people. What do mentally healthy people do in the wake of an affair, in the aftermath of cheating and betrayal? They break up. Mentally healthy people break up after a deceptive affair. End of story. No other option. No other alternative unless you're mentally unwell. If someone doesn't break up, doesn't separate, doesn't say goodbye, doesn't walk away in the wake of the aftermath of an affair, they are mentally impaired in some manner. There's not two ways about this. The people who remain in a relationship where a deceptive, devious, backstabbing, lying affair has taken place, these people are not mentally well. Their boundaries are porous and non-existent. They are dependent or co-dependent. They regulate externally. They clingy. They are clingy. They are needy. They are parentified. They are trauma-abundant. They are too anxious to face life and reality, this is known as constriction. They cannot perceive their partner as real. They are dissociative. I can continue the list. Borderline. Nazism. I can continue the list. 100% of people who even contemplate or countenance the possibility of remaining in a bond where their intimate partner and significant other has rejected them, deceived them, lied to them, concealed from them, backstabbed them, bed-mouthed them with another person. If you consider to stay, even contemplate the possibility of staying in such a relationship, seek therapy. Something is seriously wrong with you.


Good afternoon and welcome to today's energy seminar. Sorry, we're starting a bit late. We had some interesting technical difficulties. So I need to do a quick introduction, which is even harder to do for our illustrious speaker today. He is the Amy Levins co-founder and chairman Emeritus of Emerging Solutions, co-founder and chairman emeritus of Rocky Mountain Energy. So I'll be brief. But Emery has in my mind been known probably for 40 years or more as Mr. Energy Efficiency. Ever since he wrote his path-breaking book called Soft Energy Path, where he revolutionized the way that people think about large-scale energy systems, namely that they could better be configured as small-scale energy systems, he's actually won an incredible number of awards, prizes, medals, 12 honorary doctorates, the right livelihood alternative Nobel Prize, the German government has awarded him the officer's cross of the order with first-class honor. So rather than take up even more time reading pieces of his vita, I'll now introduce the one and only Emery Levins to talk to us today about integrative design for radical energy efficiency. Emery, take it away. Thank you very much for coming today. I would like to remind you about how to design whole systems for radical energy efficiency or other resource efficiency. This practice applies orthodox engineering principles, but it asks different design questions in a different order to get different answers. Next term, Holmes and I will be teaching the details in our fifth Stanford course on extreme energy efficiency. Around 1975, U.S. government and industry all said that the energy needed to make a dollar of GDP could never drop. A year later, I heretically suggested it could drop 72% in 50 years. So far, it's dropped 59% in 44 years. Yet just the innovations already added by 2010 can save another threefold twice what I originally thought at a third the real cost. And today, even that heresy looks conservative because optimizing buildings, vehicles, equipment, and factories as whole systems, not as piles of parts, can often make very big energy savings costs less than small or no savings, turning diminishing returns into increasing returns. Now, economic geologists know that the minerals economically extractable reserves are only a small part of the resource base, but can expand with innovation. Similarly, reserves of conventional energy efficiency, like the bright green zone in these mineral resource definitions, are severalfold smaller than the full efficiency resource exploitable by integrative design. Yet, ore bodies are finite and depletable concentrations of atoms, while energy efficiency resources are infinitely expandable assemblages of ideas, depleting only stupidity, a very abundant resource. And that's documented in this free paper with an ifty four minute video abstract. It's evidence across all sectors shows that unlike oil or copper, most new energy efficiency reserves cost less than current production, because they come not from adding more or fancier widgets, but from using fewer and simpler widgets, more artfully chosen combined time and sequence. So how do we do this magic? Well, one of my early mentors, the inventor, Edwin Land said, don't undertake a project unless it is manifestly important and nearly impossible. And he also said people who seem to have had a new idea have often just stopped having an old idea. Asian tradition similarly urges us to seek original mind, beginner's mind, child mind, opening ourselves to new ideas by shedding all assumptions and preconceptions. That's the first and hardest step in the method of systematic integrative design. So with beginner's mind never having built a house and therefore not knowing what was impossible. In 1982, I did the conceptual and energy design of this owner builder house where my wife Judy and I lived near Aspen, a 2,200 meters elevation. After our temperatures here used to dip as low as minus 44 Celsius with up to 39 days of continuous mid with a cloud. But our house does no combustion. That's so 20th century. Super insulation, ventilation, heat recovery, and super windows that insulate like 16 or even 22 sheets of glass would look like two and cost less than three, make it 99% passive solar heated, 1% active solar. Efficiency added less construction costs than eliminating the heating system subtracted, saving also about 90% of electricity, 99% of water heating energy, half the water all paid back in 10 months. Now the central atrium seen here in a February snow storm has produced so far 77 passive solar banana crops.  An analogous approach works fine in Bangkok. Nearly everyone on earth lives in climates between Bangkok's and mine. Integrative design gives many benefits from each expenditure. So this white arch at the top of the upper middle photo has 12 functions, but it has only one cost. Well, the sequence of integrative design is rather straightforward. You start with the desired service and optimize the whole system, not just parts. And in particular, shrink the supply side like mechanical systems and use the save capital cost to buy the efficiency that does the shrinkage. You start at the end where you're delivering the service. I'll elaborate on that in a minute. You reward the designers for what they save, not for what they spend, and you do the right steps in the right order at the right time. So to keep people comfortable, for example, in hot places. First, cool the people, not the building, which has no comfort sensation. As in these hyperchairs at RMIs Basalt Office, they keep you comfortable in air temperatures up to about 30 Celsius with 3.6 Watts of silent little muffin fans. Then you expand the range of conditions in which people feel comfortable. For example, good ceiling fans expand the summer comfort range by about five to seven Kelvin. Then you minimize unwanted heat gains within or into the space and then apply passive cooling and then active but non-refrigerative cooling. And next would come super-refficient refrigerative cooling like the EngVox triple-deficiency but cheaper Singapore HVAC. And next, if needed, would come cool storage and controls. But actually we never get as far down the list as refrigerative cooling to save 90 to 100 percent of cooling energy with better comfort, better uptime, lower whole system capital costs, even in the most severe climates. Most practitioners pursue these options in reverse order, worst buys first. These methods are also improving. So our integrative design to retrofit the Empire State Building saved 38 percent of its energy, later 43 percent with a three-year payback. And then three years later our cost-effective Denver retrofit saved 70 percent and made this half-century old federal complex more efficient than what was then the best new U.S. office which in turn is only a third as efficient as RMI's Passive Net Positive No Mechanicals office. And now there's a Bavarian building using two-fifths less energy than ours. But these technologies all existed over a decade ago. What mainly improved is not so much technology as design the way we choose and combine technology. So our Empire State Building retrofit for example remanufactured all 6,514 windows on site into super windows that pass light with block heat plus better lights, office equipment, and so on. And together these cut the maximum cooling load by a third. Then renovating smaller chillers instead of adding bigger chillers saved 17 million dollars of capital costs paying for most of the other improvements and cutting the payback to three years or less than one year if we counted non-energy benefits to the owner or the tenants. A major energy service company had also offered a three-year payback but with disintegrated design yielding only one sixth the savings we got. Similarly in six muggy Indian cities one and a half million square meters of integratively designed offices use 80% less energy than the Indian norm with 10 or 20% lower construction costs yet superior comfort and satisfaction. Clear free lighting as you see on the right in that big floor plate is delivered throughout by contract if workers complain of glare and demand lines the architect doesn't get paid. IPCC reported six years ago that for diverse building types and climates the best European new buildings on the left and retrofit buildings on the right are saving up to at least 90% of the energy without higher cost per unit of saved energy. Economic modelers might fit a rising curve to the costs on the left but I prefer data to theory and the vertical cost scatter there simply shows the business opportunity to conform inferior projects to the best practices in the low cost projects. Timing also matters when retrofitting a big glass office tower super windows plus efficient lights and equipment can shrink mechanical loads and systems by four-fold more than paying up front for the efficiencies that rank them. So a four-fold efficiency gain in this old Chicago office building could pay back in about negative five months that is it cheaper than the regular 20-year renovation that saves nothing if you coordinate that deep retrofit with the routine renewal needed anyway of the curtain wall facade. Deep retrofits of all our big buildings are going to take decades so let's write time them to make the savings much bigger and cheaper. In industry which uses half the world's energy and electricity the same methods apply for example Paul Westbrook and I co-led the redesign of Texas Instruments new semiconductor wafer fab to use 40% less energy with 30% or $230 million lower capital cost so it was built in Texas not China. Its system efficiencies eliminated one of the two utility floors and it has inspired cutting company-wide chip making energy intensity by 62% so far water 56% greenhouse gases 57% very profitably. Now Armai's next wafer fab design showed how to save about two-thirds of its energy use and half its capital cost while replacing all 22,000 tons of chillers with any of three natural cooling methods that can yield over 100 units of cooling per unit of electricity. Across diverse industrial sectors our 50-odd billion dollars worth of retrofit designs typically found 30 to 60% energy savings paying back in a few years and in new factories about 40 to 90 plus percent savings with generally lower capital cost. That's far better than the ground retro maybe it's orange on your screen retrofit zone that most energy service companies deliver shown in the upper left corner of the left graph. Our better results come from rethinking industrial processes and redesigning basic elements like pump and fan and motor systems. For example in both buildings in industry better pipe and duct design can save about 80 or 90 percent of the friction 97 in one case in my house. If everybody did this it could save about two-fifths of the world's electricity or half the coal fired electricity typically typically paying back in less than a year in industrial retrofits and instantly in new builds. Such radical savings require two changes in design mentality design process. First we specify big pipes and small pumps not small pipes and big pumps. You know friction in a pipe falls is nearly the fifth power of diameter so how fat should the pipe be to optimize the friction? Well the engineering textbooks say to make the pipe just as fat as will repay its extra cost over the years from the safe pumping energy. That's seemed logical but it's wrong because it leaves out the capital cost of the pumping equipment. A pumping systems pump motor inverters electricals all have to be big enough to overcome the friction so their size and roughly their capital cost will fall as nearly the fifth power of pipe diameter. Yet the capital cost of the fatter pipe rises is only about the second power of diameter so when we optimize the pipe as a component we pessimize the system. Instead optimizing the entire system at once yields batch pipes and tiny pumping equipment so the total capital cost goes down. The second shift in design is even simpler and thus harder. We lay out the pipes first then the equipment. Traditionally of course you put the tank spoilers and so on in convenient or arbitrary places and then you call in the pipe fitter to connect point A to point B but by then A and B are far apart other stuff got in between there at the wrong height they face the wrong way and by the time the pipe snakes its way across the space all neatly dressed at right angles like they teach us in trade school it has about three to six times the friction that it would have had with a straight shot.  So low friction pipes make the blue pump toward the right so tiny that it looks like a decimal point error. Notice also it's raised up to meet the pipe rather than conventionally dipping the pipe down to the floor to meet the pump and then back up again. Likewise the 10 chillers that are normally in a neat row get staggered to eliminate the pipe elbows yet such rearrangement of designers metal furniture remains largely unnoticed and unpracticed because it's not a technology it's a design method and few people yet think of design as a scaling vector so this is not yet in any climate model government study industry forecast or standard engineering textbook. Now if a 10-pole pumping saving sounds incredible consider that your heart is now pumping blood about 10 times as efficiently as a typical industrial pumping system you know if you're roughly 100,000 kilometers of fractal blood vessels had the design and friction of standard industrial piping you would need a heart bigger than your body very inconvenient but in fact your third of a kilogram one and a half watt heart suffices because your blood follows nature's standard design laminar vortex blow that's a whole other conversation about the other main design revolution which is biomimicry but even without such tricks in the Oakland Museum our treasured colleague and longtime Stanford lecturer Peter Rumsey retrofitted an efficient piping layout that cut the pumping energy by three fourths with a two or three month payback and eliminated 15 pumps that will never again waste energy and maintenance costs. Repiping another pumping loop and adding variable frequency drive doubled the flow and saved 85 percent of the energy Peter just asked the pipe fitters to lay out the supply pipes as if they were drains. Here's how most big buildings pipe cooling tower water back to the condenser but if we lay it out instead as Peter does everything gets better the only obstacle is force of habit we should bend minds not pipes what do such savings mean for the pumps and fans that use half the torque of the motors that use over half the world's electricity well from the fuel burned at the power plant to the end use many successive losses compound so only a tenth of the energy in the fuel comes out the pipe as flow but now turn those compounding losses around backwards from right to left they become compounding savings every unit of flow or friction you save in the pipe saves 10 units of fuel cost emissions and global weirding at the power plant and as you go back upstream the components get smaller and cheaper reducing the total capital cost so always start your savings downstream start at the end with intent with purpose and then your design logic flows back upstream in the opposite direction to the energy flow now let's apply this logic to big old data centers two-thirds of the fuel fit into the power plant is lost in the plant and grid half the meter electricity is then lost in the cooling system and the under-derruptible power supplies together about half the total capital cost of the facility before getting to the servers half the server energy doesn't reach the chips because it's lost in inefficient usually very underloaded power supplies and then lots of fans to take heat that largely shouldn't be there off the motherboard into the room so we can do dumb things with it the next problem is severe underutilization of computing resources partly through inefficient virtualization so the resulting energy flow is about to vanish that's magnified before it does next comes bloatware running many unnecessary threads and processes and making simple tasks very complex because compute cycles were cheaper than programmers attention and somebody else paid for the energy downstream of all that you may even have an efficient business processes so in all a few hundred thousandths of the original fuel energy actually delivers customer value where should we start fixing this downstream first write elegantly terse code optimally compiled with the goal that every compute cycle is a needed and wanted one i had assumed that this would save an order of magnitude in compute cycles but recent tests suggest it's two orders of magnitude and the shift to mobile devices makes this valuable because efficient code stretches battery life then at least quadruple the server efficiency now even more and the servers will need far less cooling and power supply both of which can be done in smarter ways we'd even save half the utility losses by using fuel cell tri-generation cheaper than the uninterruptible power supply it displaces now multiply these savings from downstream to upstream and you get at least two orders of magnitude energy savings in the actual project with which we made this diagram in 2009 the client rejected most of our recommendations so we were only able to triple efficiency at the same capital cost but our partner eds said that had they all been adopted we'd have saved about 95 percent of the energy and half the capital cost the same design logic works for vehicles automobiles propulsion or powertrain loses four-fifths of the fuel energy before it even reaches the wheels but our savings should start at the wheels here's why just a fifth of the modern car's fuel energy reaches the wheels and moves the car of that attractive load nearly half heats the air that the car pushes aside most of the rest heats the tires and roads so only the last six percent or so of the fuel energy accelerates the car and then heats the brakes when you stop but 1920s to the master accelerating is the heavy steel car so just a 20th of that six percent or about 0.3 percent of the fuel energy ultimately moves the driver not very gratifying after one of the third centuries of devoted engineering effort moreover both acceleration and rolling resistance depend on mass which thus causes most of the attractive load now reducing losses in the powertrain is harder than reducing attractive load there's a lot more has been done on it and it's less rewarding because saving one unit of energy in the powertrain saves just one unit of fuel in the tank but saving one unit of energy at the wheels avoids four or five more units lost in getting that energy to the wheels leveraging five or six total units of energy saved at the tank thus we should first reduce attractive load then improve the powertrain which shrinks for the same acceleration saving more weight and also saving capital cost to help pay for the light weighting I began to think safe ultra lighting might become affordable when I met Dave Tagard at the Lockheed Martin Skunkworks he led the design of a 95 carbon advanced tactical fighter airframe that was one third lighter but two thirds cheaper that was too radical so Dave quit and 20 years ago I hired and lead the virtual design with two tier one auto engineering firms of something I'd invented nine years earlier an ultralight carbon fiber electrified hypercar like this four to six fold more efficient mid-size SUV in 2007 Toyota designed this 70% lighter one X they called it carbon fiber plug-in hybrid in 2013 this profitable quadruple efficiency carbon fiber electric car came to market more on that in a moment and even aluminum fleet vans like this plug-in hybrid we developed and road tested in 2009 could save a fifth of us light duty vehicle fuel profitably with no subsidy and carbon fiber autos could save more oil than Saudi Arabia lifts yet with radically simplified manufacturing they can be made at normal cost how do we know that well because BMW did it seven years ago with this carbon fiber electric car that I've driven for the past four years this I3 reportedly made money from the first unit off the assembly line Sandy Monroe the normally understated dean of automotive costing called it the most significant vehicle since the Model T and the most advanced vehicle on the planet validating our 1990s claims its carbon fiber is paid for by the batteries that its lightness saves and fewer batteries mean faster recharging its integrative design decompounds mass snowballs weight savings far more than usually assume its manufacturing is radically frugal it confirms the elimination of conventional body and paint shops and it's much better for workers and overlooked synergies between ultralight materials and electric traction quadruple its efficiency without compromise and with many driver advantages now there's there's a policy lesson here this I chart plots the marginal sticker price of autos on the vertical axis and their rated fuel efficiency on the horizontal axis so the official technology by technology analytic method underlying us and global efficiency policies yielded the these aqua national research council 2001 high and low supply curves of potential us light truck and car efficiency about 15 years ahead then their dark blue 2015 updates catching up with some previously rejected independent analyses but those forecasts were embarrassingly and rapidly overtaken by actual market platforms like hondas vx toyota's prius hybrid bmw's i3 electric vehicle by major automakers aluminum gasoline virtual design with rmi by portia engineering's high strength steel virtual design and our estimate for its hybrid variant my team adapted our 2004 base vehicles based on our 2000 suv design to yield typical light truck and car values and up in orange at the top you see an rmi spinoff's road tested aluminum commercial fleet fans earlier now these are these 15 empirical data points show the traditional component-based analysis misses the entire right hand two-thirds of the design space analyzing efficiency by the part not by the car makes efficiency look several fold too small and costly but integrative hold vehicle design can at least triple predicted fuel savings and at lower cost making cafe standards far more conservative and electrification cheaper and faster than was thought such magic requires as bacon said some new methods here are three first organized designers differently our hypercar suv's basic design used not a thousand plus engineers but seven all around the same table collectively responsible for dauntingly ambitious hold vehicle requirements each engineer was responsible also for one major vehicle system or function but for those we deliberately wrote no requirements because we didn't want him to make his problem into her problem we wanted to make the whole team design a highly integrated vehicle together two engineers were not comfortable without their very own requirements so we replaced them in the first week or two then it went great toyota asked us how we did it we told them an outcome there came there 70% lighter one x second to make a car half to two-thirds lighter you must go repeatedly around the design spiral or design cycle first you make the auto light and slippery to cut its tractor blow at least by half permitting smaller and more advanced powertrain and smaller lighter chassis components less suspension to hold it up less brakes to stop it at least more packaging space for comfort and more crush space for safety next you keep going around the spiral making components smaller as their structural load shrink because the less weight you have the less weight you need many big parts then disappear a good series hybrid can eliminate let's see transmission clutch flywheel drive shaft u joints axles differential starter alternator each of those saves even more mass and at first the special materials and powertrain and design may raise manufacturing costs but after more turns around the circle more nasty compounding you need so little carbon fiber and powertrain and manufacturing the advanced composite structures can get so much simpler that those two savings pay for the carbon fiber making the ultralighting roughly free as bmw proved third such novel design processes flow from revolutionary design mentality dave tagger learned that the scope works to design in the future not in the past so when the Soviet shot down francis gary powers youtube spy plane in 1960 kelly johnson did not say i'm going to design a slightly better you too he said in paraphrase i want to own the skies for decades so we'll design a blackbird i don't know how but we'll figure out they did it took about 13 months because johnson understood that such an airplane was impossible within the conventional design context he knew the design is like a rubber band you try if you try to stretch it too far from the conventional design space you encounter more and more resistance and eventually it breaks but if you jump to the new design space you aspire to you can stretch the rubber band back to fit technologies not yet ripe and then as they mature the rubber band relaxes to where you want to be better design and technology keep expanding opportunities even in heavy vehicles we've known for over a decade how to make trucks three or four times more efficient airplanes three to five times more efficient before electrification now tesla's semi truck 40 sleeker lighter weight to offset its batteries roughly triples efficiency among over a hundred aviation startups this long-range air taxi revealed in august both one sixth of a business jet's operating cost one eighth its fuel use ideal for electrification and set to blow up aviation's business models we could even make vehicle structures like airframes two orders of magnitude lighter still huh well mit's center for bits and atoms and nasa tested last year a 4.3 meter test structure 59 times less dense than a typical aircraft wing with the strength and toughness of bulk elastomers but the gossamer density of aerogel eliminating movable flight surfaces the whole shape adapts passively and continuously to real-time flight conditions like a bird's wing so thousands of such identical and isotropic molded polymer cells can be assembled by swarms of programmed robots or rat students whichever cheaper into an airplane of any shape opening revolutionary prospects for light weighting and aerodynamics and cost reduction this has been prototyped as a car for toyota as an airplane for airbus it can make a vacuum balloon needing no helium so light enough would evacuate it to be buoyant in the atmosphere without crushing and lift two dozen times the payload of a jumbo jet these lattice structures are made of common engineering plastics and if you instead you made them with carbon fiber you could improve performance in order of magnitude or two orders of magnitude with carbon nanotubes which you can now make biometrically so integrative design has immense potential and yet it's not normally recognized taught delivered expected or rewarded observing vehicles and factories and buildings in over 70 countries in 50 years i see the same design errors repeated everywhere because they're widespread they're in our textbooks and our classrooms so i'm hatching a plot for to put it in my impolitely the nonviolent overthrow of bad engineering teaching disintegrated design condemns our descendants to perpetual retrofits of inefficient stuff not a worthy legacy to help us be good ancestors i'm seeking fellow students teachers and practitioners to collaborate on making integrative design shift rapidly from rare to common i would like to help retread in practice design professionals and the trades people like pipe fitters sheet metal workers mechanical contractors who informally design many systems to help improve design software to allow and coach integrative design to find iconic CEOs to apply this work in their firms and spread the word to their peers as jack welch did in six sigma so in a spring term seminar in the summer term practicum we'll test about 14 known scaling vectors seek more see what works and start scaling now us electric end use efficiency can quadruple by 2050 at an average cost a tenth of retail price even without much integrative design or more with it integrative design can also help us use electricity timely by flexible loads flexible watts such demand response can take many forms it is rapidly becoming available and attractive even to small and unsophisticated customers it's about a three-fold bigger resource than had been thought it's an important way therefore to solve photovoltaics challenge of fading at the end of the day just as people get home and turn stuff on requiring other resources to ramp up steeply as in these evolving california loan profiles creating the so-called duck curve in texas they call it the dead armadillo curve but that problem is probably fixable at a profit you see in the 2050 texas grid that steep ramp towards the right imagenta disappears if we combine electric vehicles home plug loads residential commercial domestic hot water plus heating and cooling controls and together these can conveniently and inconspicuously cut the 2050 summer daily loan range nearly in half save a fourth of non-renewable capacity make renewable energy a third more valuable and pay back in about five months that granular demand response portfolio adding up to the red curve plus other demand side solutions can create system scale impacts more efficient buildings like california's make this easier helping rebalance your grid sooner and demand response is just one of nine carbon free grid flexibility resources that a whole system strategy can compete and combine i hope these examples will encourage you to rethink why us and use efficiency is only about a seventh what it could be how better design and beginner's mind can help close that gap and how we can scale up to make integrative design as common as grass then the global energy transformation can move at the pace and the cost of design and software not of infrastructure and can be not constrained by the inertia of incumbents but sped by the ambition of insurgents like many of you thank you all for your good work and your kind attention thank you amary as always that was a tour de force and a brilliant quick introduction to radical design thinking and it's probably just what we need at this point in time as you well know at this point i'd like to ask dr homes homo to join amary for a fireside chat and question session homes is the founder of clean energy works it is devoted a decade of work at the intersection of equity and inclusion with policy and technology deployment and is slowly catching up to amary there's only one four international awards for breakthrough climate solutions including work endorsed by the global innovation lab for climate finance that i can't resist reporting also that homes is a 2004 illustrious alumni of the emet interdisciplinary program and environmental resources here in stanford and except for a kind of dubious nefarious dissertation advisor she's done quite well with that i believe she was the first person admitted to the e i for a phd program who actually graduated from it so good match to follow up now with some of amary's ideas and comments it's probably the only person i know who can actually keep up with amary their thoughts can keep up with amary's moderate so homes take it away professor wine thank you former assistant secretary of energy andy karsner has just unexpectedly dropped in and sat down next to me all right we like that is he heading back to washington everybody wants that first of all thank you thank you so much and i i do agree with your phrasing tour de force um even though we had a late start on the seminar i do want to acknowledge that amary made up time uh with his pacing and that gives us a chance to address some of the questions that have come in please be active and engaged in the q and a box already i see nearly a dozen questions that have come in from the participants and at the top of the hour there'll be a students only section so please uh if you're a student and qualified to stay with us for that we'll have more time then i want to acknowledge that amary and stanford now have in this academic year an uncommon opportunity for engagement we have in the fall quarter the course applied hope whole systems thinking in for energy solutions it's being taught now in winter quarter a course on extreme energy efficiency that has a more practitioners approach to these design methods and then i'd like to invite you amary to speak to us about how you see these methods and practices being skillfully adopted into the students from the five different schools that are already enrolled in your courses now uh so that stanford itself becomes part of the process of teaching sound engineering for and with integrative design methods well that's that's why i'm so delighted to be returning to stanford and uh doing these courses in seminar especially with with you uh thank you for your brilliant edits by the way on the deck people just saw uh and uh i i think as we progress through the extreme energy efficiency your uh uh course in winter term which does a deep dive into how you actually practice uh and implement energy efficiency at this level uh and into the uh spring term work on what are the scaling vectors uh and diving into each of those and then in the summer practical seeking to actually start testing them i i think we will find out a lot better what needs to be done by whom where the leverage points are and uh i i can't wait to to get stanford students faculty everybody that wants to play engaged in that i'm a b lovin such stanford dot edu welcome aboard this this could be quite an adventure well no doubt i'd like to invite you to speak not only to the teaching that you're doing at stanford which is the extraordinary opportunity i mentioned earlier but the scaling vectors for integrative design that can take the design thinking it's not uncommon for me to see q and a like some that we see here more than a dozen questions now sort of expressing uh even though this talk was advertised as uh going to be presenting the the astonishing opportunities for deeper and cheaper energy efficiency and profitable climate protection we knew that that was going to be part of your talk but it seems to have escaped the mainstream thus far what do you see as the vectors for scaling integrative design and how might some of those vectors be explored through the research that remains ahead well i'll give you a very simple example that actually would speak to one of the great strengths of the stanford community it the leading vendor of design software computer design software uh has i believe not yet fixed it to enable non-orthogonal pipe layout like the diagonals you saw the diagram you saw was actually not out of a cad program it was hand drawn using a drawing program because the cad programs assume neat right angles because they're easy to draw huh we're not drawing them anymore that's the whole point so that ought to be a toggleable feature you can actually get it i believe with third party add-ins but i think a little further talk with that bender and its competitors if necessary uh should get this fixed pretty quickly and then of course it would be wise to build integrative design coaching into the software to say you know to display real-time things like the uh the tons of pooling required for this building and the associated investment and then the program would say to you have you thought about super windows and tuning them to different elevations and passive latent heat exchangers and all this other cool stuff and here's what each of them would do for you it's about time our software did that for us and uh i i think if we get the right tools the task gets a lot easier then of course we need to also to work with the uh the plumbers the sheet metal workers the the great trades that don't have this yet in their excellent education programs and should and with leading companies i was just talking to one of the top chemical companies in the world they are really really good at saving heat but like most chemical companies they don't pay much attention to pumps and motors and that stuff because that's that design is delegated to junior engineers uh who basically copy the old drawings it's called infectious repetitis and they were quite astounded by what you can do with pipe layout so we're looking for an opportunity to experiment with the plant they're moving and do before and after measurements that could drive uh cultural and process change in that company and i hope the industry terrific i'm i'm very pleased and privileged to be involved in helping teach the classes that you lead as an adjunct professor with the civil and environmental engineering department now i can see firsthand how the students enrolled at stanford are riveted and challenged by the rearrangement of mental furniture that you've offered everyone who's with us today in the questions and answers box that's coming in i can see also a hunger for this type of engagement for mid-career professionals people who are in business schools and even corporate executives who may have previously been boutique clients for uh you know the institute's business practice but now with the great unleashing of integrative design as a discipline and a methodology folks are interested in knowing how you see the possibility for engagement and possibly an opportunity for them to engage you in the expansion of that landscape of practicing radical energy efficiency gains through integrative design well i think the opportunities are almost unlimited and we're at an early stage of defining what and where they are but the combination of of technical depth breadth and entrepreneurship at stanford i think is a wonderful ecosystem to inject this into and i don't know where it's going to lead but i can't wait to find out i'm sure i'm gonna learn a lot too professor why we're at 50 minutes past the hour and i'm obliged to respect the time boundaries on our seminar with two caveats one is that both emory and i will be on this line we're staying on this line and we'll be here with the students chat that starts at the top of the hour and in the interim 10 minutes we are happy to continue to engage all the 20 or so people who still have unanswered questions in the chat box we are not deterred please continue to enter your ideas and your inquiries because with your name especially with your full name we may be able to follow up with you to engage directly on your line of inquiry two things on my side you can use up most of the 10 minutes we do that all the time particularly when we get a late start two is we will have a transcript of the chat box that we can send you to you immediately after yeah thanks because i'd like to respond to anybody we don't get to sure absolutely i'm sure i can read the as homes have said the passion and intensity behind a lot of the questions i'm very glad to hear you're willing to do that so homes do you want to go a couple more rounds anyway just so we don't have totally unsatisfied peak demand we don't want any depthers i'll have i'll happily do that we're adding more questions faster we can dispatch with them but that's the point this energy seminar is giving the stanford community an open opportunity to engage an adjunct professor that we haven't had the privilege of hosting on campus since 2007 and for the adjunct professor role that emory has now it's such an asset and a resource we want to continue to take today's energy and and propel it forward i'm going to choose tom cavitt's question out of the q&a and and here's why tom is asking can you help us californians but i'm going to say it's not limited to california apply integrative design to allow us to electrify our homes and cars without having to indulge the perceived necessity to upsize our common existing 100 amp or 24 kilowatt home electrical panels everywhere we go uh and i think that that may lead into a related question of how californians imagine a modern grid that can provide robust and resilient performance even during a decade of climate disruption forecast by the use of public safety power shutoffs throughout especially the wooded areas of the state a man know this is something you've given some thought what would you have to say for tom yeah uh well let me give a quick example on on the increase of home electric capacity i have a swiss stove across the kitchen here uh that california energy commission recently measured and found it was two and a half to four times more efficient than an induction cooktop uh and i think it's superior in all other respects uh it um that and and it has poor resistive hubs but special pots and there's there's some magic in very sophisticatedly simple design of the pots which are normally neglected the hubs the power electronics the software the sensors it's a system uh and each hub only runs by itself not with more than one so the load is very low and if you combine that with a super efficient oven uh you could run the whole thing on a standard 30 amp 117 volt circuit therefore if you were converting a gas house a gas cooking water heating space heating to efficient all electric you wouldn't need to upgrade to 240 volt socket and you could save a lot of money that way uh so i'm hoping california authorities will pursue that new york's also very interested uh but this of course gets right to your your second question i have not had a power failure in this house for over 25 years with one exception when a cell in the battery failed uh and the reason is that my solar system is set up to work with or without the grid that's called a resilient hookup we had to do a workaround with two sets of inverters but now there's a uh internet or actually a national industry consensus standard iEEE 1547 and that lets you let you do the same thing with a single inverter any modern inverter typically has that capability if your utility allows you to activate it which many do not and the standard keeps it safe for the line workers uh so if the grid fails the inverter will isolate from the grid keep on running your loads without interruption and if you have some batteries it'll do so at night as well and then uh in the morning it'll start recharging the battery again i have 65 kilowatt hours of storage and that's enough for indefinite autonomy uh everybody should be like that as we build these distributed energy systems we should build resilience from the bottom up it should be the default design not something you have to argue with your utility about and conduct extensive engineering studies to justify uh and that and also we should do the same thing at things like gas stations the recovery from super storms is stretched out by a week or two when the gas stations can't pump fuel for first responders or gensets or anybody uh because they rely on the grid and because their submerged pump is hardwired to the point of sale terminal and mixed in with all the other convenience store wiring but for i would guess around ten thousand dollars uh you could untangle the wiring and put in just for the pumps uh a small solar and battery rig so you wouldn't have this unnecessary and stupid coupling uh a couple vulnerability between the electric and the liquid fuel systems and then we'd have much faster recoveries but i think on the fire clearly where we need to be headed and where the market will take us if allowed to is diverse distributed renewable resiliently hooked up electric supplies uh and not relying on frail wire strung through the woods that is the design challenge of our time right now and i think it's possible right i want to note that i'm seeing in the chat box we're now over 30 30 in korea some have been answered some enough i want to acknowledge this there is a refrain in our q and a strain to the some people are not able to see all of the questions coming through i won't be able to solve that in the next 90 seconds i will commit that we will try to respond to everyone that we receive here and i'm seeing a strong concurrence across people who are asking how can we make the insights of today's address available to people who are beyond the palm trees so to speak and even beyond their undergraduate careers mid-career professionals folks who are in multiple disciplines uh and even multiple different educational institutes i take that very seriously and i don't want and want to invite um as many people who can take courses at stanford to think about participating in the winter quarter course where probably two thirds of the questions i see now will be actually part of this the source of study um and also to consider what we might be able to do through stanford's online courses and even those that flow through to edx which is a broad platform with worldwide access uh and encouragement and engagement with us on that project is something that's most welcome now for a silicon valley audience i i want to leave you uh with a a question that comes from someone who says i'm an electrical engineer here how can we leverage the low cost low power consumption silicon valley technology to embed computing control and machine intelligence into any and all aspects of the energy pipeline from the power plant to homes this is luke sameron the reason why i chose this of all of the questions is i think it actually captures the expanse of intellect and expertise in the stanford community just in thinking about the intersection between hardware and software and systems from end to end and some other questioners have even talked about the integration and intersection between human systems and culture change systems along with technology systems so amary with the dimensions of the craft of integrative design being the landscape in which it applies laid bare how would you advise luke on how we can leverage the technologies from end to end wow well i would go for it i would do efficiency first that makes everything a lot easier you know amal facas group at berkeley lab has a 27 watt household uh that's very cheap half normal cost to run on low voltage dc and uh you can actually do that without an inverter if everything is 2448 volts dc to start with the controls get really interesting but you know you may not need them everywhere because there may not be much load left to control if you really do efficiency right i'm thinking for example of darpa's power starved electronics work which let frownhofer a couple of years ago make a cell phone that has the never needs recharging not because it's solar but because it's powered by the energy in your voice when you talk to it wow wow when you get to that level of efficiency in a lot of functions everything changes of course at the other extreme you have heavy loads aluminum smelters and the like and those runoff big hydro and that's more like the traditional grid and in between there's everything else but i think the supply is getting rapidly distributed we can now do two to an half cent a kilowatt hour photovoltaics uh integratively designed without subsidy by the way to feed directly into your distribution system without using transmission well 98 99 of power failures originate in the grid so central stations can never be resilient because they depend on the grid to get the power to you and therefore the more distributed we get the more interesting it is to make flexible loads and share power locally and right not just mini grids but micro grids nana grids pika grids uh your own laptop has all of this stuff it has power supply power use power management storage all in one place and i expect before long it'll be solar powered too from the light in the room uh so your your your kind of expertise is essential i would just implore you to be extremely careful to deploy it securely you don't want all these devices to turn into a bot army uh and uh i think a lot of internet connected devices are being put out there with little or no attention to the security of the whole society we need to fix that before it gets completely away from us thank you with that said i think we have to shut shut down now so sincere thanks to amry and homes for your passion enthusiasm and many deep insights into design as our superpower in affecting the major energy sin system transitions we so desperately need thanks once again and i'm sure the students are excited to talk to you in the post the post the uh post game uh locker room which i just received an invitation to sign into a different web address correct yeah that's it yes sir yeah that's that's the drill yeah just a couple of and okay thanks again it was wonderful to be continued thanks everybody indeed till we meet again


Next question is from Petro Julie. In your opinion, how credible is a personal trainer if they're not in their best shape at the moment? Yeah. And their best shape? That's a high, yeah, that's a high standard, right? You know, working with a lot of trainers, I'll tell you the, okay, if you're really at a shape, it'll probably hurt your business. Of course. Because people are gonna look at you and judge your ability to train them. That's your business card. Yeah, but look, some of the most successful trainers actually all the successful trainers I've ever had, the most successful ones, none of them were the most ripped, fit-looking trainers. They definitely worked out and they took care of themselves. No, because what comes with that is obsession and those people, I think it's rare, but if you can find somebody who can keep themselves in extremely good shape and then also has tremendous amount of humility around it, I think that's a really dangerous combination as far as they'll be very, probably successful, but many times when we see a trainer who's absolutely jacked, they're still dealing with insecurities that drove them in that direction to be that way. And so they tend to be more cocky, more arrogant, they're less relatable. And so it doesn't actually translate into more trainer sales as it is. So having a nice balance, right? So if you've got a, definitely a physique that someone looks at and goes like, oh, he or she works out. They look great or what like that, but maybe not so crazy that it's intimidating. I think that's probably the sweet spot for like as far, if we're talking about like business-wise for a trainer. Aria, he's like the only one I've met that is like an insane physique, but it's still relatable and nice, you know? It's the relatable part. Yeah, that's a hard combo. I mean, how do you relate? Even I had challenges relating some, and initially when I first became a trainer because I assumed that people hired me and were ready to jump into it with the fanaticism that I had. And it took me a second to figure out that most people don't want to work out all the time. They don't love it so much that they'll do it all the time. I have to figure out how to relate to them.  One, I remember one time I took a trainer or took a member off the floor and recruited them as a trainer. It was a member who lost 50 pounds, coming to the gym, initially worked with the trainer, worked out on their own. By no means did they lose the 50 pounds and look like some, you know, super ripped person. They lost 50 pounds and looked normal and relatively healthy.  I recruited them and that trainer did such a good job relating to other people. In fact, other people liked hiring him because he looked like, you know, more like they did than like the super ripped trainers. And he did very, very well. I think you have to have a balance. I mean, I've talked to a long, it's been a long times I've brought this up on the show, but there was a time, I think it was like, I was on year five or six as a fitness manager. And up until that point, I just assumed that that had to be mandatory. Like I can't hire a trainer who's not fit. They need to be, like, they need to be really fit for most people that, for me to even consider hiring him originally. And then I thought, you know what? Like after I've been training trainers for such a long time. And then he met me. Yeah, in that case. Maybe you were like, no, I'm just kidding.   So that you were still fit. He was there. So, no, I'm talking like, I'm talking about, I actually went to like an extreme level. I hired somebody that the average person wouldn't think worked out at all. But they had dropped a good 30 plus pounds themselves. They had a good story. They'd been on the journey. They had experience with their education. They had a kinesis degree. They had got a national certification. So they had a good education level. They had experience losing weight, but definitely did not look the part. And so I went on this kick of like hiring some trainers that were like this to see how they would do. And being completely transparent, they didn't do very well. They had a hard time. They struggled with that because many people are very judgmental. And a lot of people right away, if they wanna change their physique, they wanna be inspired by the person that's coaching them.  They just need to be better than the person that's hiring them. That's a challenge, right? If you're somebody who's like 20 pounds overweight and your trainer is 30 pounds overweight, it's really tough for you to get inspired by them even if they've already had a big journey, they've lost it. And that's not to say, I don't wanna discourage somebody who's in that situation that's having success. There's always exceptions to the role. I've seen fat trainers do really, really well. If you got a mouthpiece on you, you're likable. You can overcome any of that. But there is a point that I think it matters for a trainer to have an easier time being successful that looking relatively fit, I think is important. But also not being so fit that you're not relatable because I think there's a part of people that wanna see something that's actually kind of attainable too. Like if you see someone who looks like a cover model, sometimes people just bright it off like I'll never look at that girl or that guy. Yeah, and also I also look, the most successful trainers I've ever worked with had the right attitudes. They really had a passion for health and fitness. Now the side effect of that usually means that they're pretty fit because they believe what they're preaching. So I don't know if it's necessarily, except for the extremes, the fact that they looked fit that attract the clients. I think it's more that they actually believed in what they talked about. And the side effect of that being that they lived that lifestyle as well. And that's what made them successful trainers. Well, it's really, it's the passion. And the thing is regardless of what they look like, if you can see like how much they've tried to improve themselves and like how passionate they are about fitness, that's gonna come across. And so like, unfortunately you're gonna see that with some trainers that really don't put a lot of attention into themselves and they don't take themselves that seriously, that's gonna come across to the client. And so you just gotta check yourself on that. Are you yourself trying your best to, you know, present yourself in a certain way?  Like I've had trainers that don't look super fit. Like they're not ripped, they don't have abs.  Like they have other attributes that they care, they care less about the way they look. They're like, I'm not hung up on trying to be, you know, single digit body fat percentage, but they're deeply passionate about mobility and strength and being functional.  Cause there's many times there's trainers that actually are very secure with who they are.  They care about the other aspects of health and fitness. And until you meet that trainer, get to talk to them, you may not know that. So I would caution consumers. And that's a good point. Cause then you look at the opposite, like a consumer who doesn't know any better may look at someone who's shredded and think, oh, that's a good trainer. They're not realizing that that person has bad relationship with food. They severely restrict themselves or they binge when a show is over, that they have zero balance in their lives or fanatics to the point where it's unhealthy. And so looking at them be like, that person understands how to help me develop a lifelong relationship with fitness and health when in reality, that person doesn't even know how to do it for themselves, let alone do it for another client. And I've seen those trainers and I've seen the way that they train their clients and it's like the way they train themselves. Here's your meal plan, follow this, stick to it.   This is not the way to produce success with people.


Well, I did and I love it. We're on season 3 over on patreon That's where you get super early access, but I decided to watch this movie my first my hero movie It's not really canon, but it is canon, but you can watch it. I don't know I wanted to watch it So here's the reaction one more thing one million subscribers. We're on the road to it So use your plus ultra and hit that but I joke sucks California smashed that button. All right.  I I Always love seeing this. Oh goosebumps already. Oh, we're in America. You could tell with the Eagles only bold Eagles are only in America guys Look, it's the statue of of academia California Wow California does not listen bro. If this is really California the the cars would be packed on top of each other Let's be honest. Yep. Oh, it is California. Yep Yep, you sure this isn't New York What's up?   I want to milk her Not not anymore now. She looks like the Malboro Camel.  Yeah, I'll never see this guy. Good. Oh Oh, I didn't know if it was him or not.  Is this half might all night? Oh White oh, it's young all night.  I didn't know we were gonna see young all might He actually was cool here Yeah, this is not California. I'm here to tell you this ain't it no, California Street Is this empty empty enough to drive the Batmobile down?  I could tell Oh Yeah, see I'm already happy. This is already fun. Oh Studio bones bones right this bones. Oh my god The move named after your home state Detroit day. Oh, oh California Dave CD.   Incredible I'm never watching Marvel again.  Why don't we just jump on all might's back? Who else would he bring nezu? Are these the two heroes that the movies about you are my family? That's high pisses me off wait wait wait, I didn't look at the tie wait a minute What's oh?  I'm like what's high? Oh wait? There's a tie right there now.  No, don't do that. Don't do that Please tell me oh Chaco's in this or I might turn it off guys. Tell me right now. Is she in it?  I like Lugia This heaven. This is universal bro. Look welcome to I island welcome to Disney I'm going there on Monday by the way.  No, it's not stop it Bro, look at that sexual assault. Look at that. Why is that okay? Yeah, Deco keep it to yourself I didn't know that I Love how imagine being in a movie theater right now. I thank God. I saw this Wait Wait was that a spoiler was that way? That's nothing. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Is that Moomoo Uncle uncle guys hear me out stop it Wow, I wouldn't would you recognize him with those eyes, bro?  Am I right? What would Manetta do right now? There we go. All righty Whoa Y'all know you did this when you met somebody. I mean she isn't she like a scientist Maybe you should wear Mario gloves. She is right. Yeah, cuz it's like scientist island. So that's why she's observing him like that I get it. See you guys on the spoiler. I guess they showed I don't get the context of it really That's why I pause and I was still like many, you know what I mean? So I don't get that the diary yet. Look, it's villain. Yep gate six six filler villain Who took that picture Professor look, it's the villain professor David.   He's gonna ruin my eyes in Then you ever see David a long time, bro. He had his whole villain arc. This ain't the same Dave I don't trust that beard either, bro. I don't know Jesus look at that size difference Do we even hear about Dave in the anime like where I am right now in season one and two I feel like I haven't heard his name Wow, everybody knows David Shield Bro, he's gonna be like Dr. Octopus isn't he? Yo bronze age looks awesome. I Like bronze bed in a golden his fanboying right now. This is gonna be like what chopper met dr. Hogback Oh I trust her.   It's Godzilla. Oh, it's No, man, oh, oh, I love you. Oh my god, dude This come from y'all knew this was gonna happen. That's why you wanted my reaction. Don't don't you bro?  You're loving me They even use the same sound Wait, no, it's it's toned down a bit. They could get away with it Godzilla just walks around with a game Oh, we're gonna be pausing a lot in this movie, bro It's too much bro. It's too much Did I just see sandy cheeks? There's a party tonight.    Oh my god.  Why?  I'm a third year.   Why are they here? Expo. Oh, they're here for the expo. Oh My god, oh It's a girl's night out Better just be a girl's day out. I'm so happy. Oh Choco is here. They had to put her here. Wow. Deku Is living the life right now?   She's so friendly, bro Godzilla oh, I thought he's coming from Minnetta.  Oh my god who Bakugo Let's see how long I go without making fun of Bakugo So it's baby. It's like we're back at the Academy right now guys. We're just here. Is that a smile?  He's really bad. Oh My god See do it.  All you had to say was that who's here?  Yeah, come on. Damn. He's just got right into the pit.  Nice. She did not do that motion. Yeah, she did go back 30 seconds I understand why yes Aaron's here. There he is. Ah, man the goat go to Roki.  I'm gonna have to have you deal with him 6 6 There's the numbers again Look, he he decided to call him up on the phone when he was asleep He's because of you yeah We need more all might American needs it Oh I kind of want him to die one day, bro. I think it'll make it interesting. What do you mean? No, it would be so interesting if he died dude. Come on Imagine the turmoil the world just collapses. I'm gonna give him a chance. I'm too mean. I'm too mean to Mineta I I know my my tweet was too much.    I better see Tokoyami in a suit You can stay here.  Look at that background, bro. Is he sad or something or he knows something? He doesn't want to tell him.  What what do you mean? It's nothing He knows something Look at him. Oh Flashback. Oh Wait, is he gonna blame all might for the crime and that he didn't stay in America like wait a minute Dude look at him all right. Oh, this is where they met. Nice.  It's in the best and good at everything. I See the picture of the mom. I'm Quirkless she said but she makes up for it. Oh, that's not the mom It's her it looked like it looked like because they were on the same height level from a distance I'm like, oh, that looks like the mom before they had a baby, but it wasn't the mom There she is our girl Mrs. Deku or miss back when she was skinny. I prefer her weight now. She's more of a milk than ever Where's the mother Wow, he's gonna keep that on forever now, right? Yep, he's not keeping that There was a picture of the mother did I miss it? Oh, it's right there.  He ain't keeping that his hand needs to be exposed Course she figured out you nap to tell her anything. She's a scientist Let's see how long it takes before he breaks them give it to the end of the movie Hey, it can't stay with him unless he keeps in his pocket or a backpack Then he just wears just just go to the party in the zoo in the Deku zoo fuckers You That's classy no, they're classy they look cute She looks like a female assassin. Yes a letter assassinate Oh, she barred it. I wonder if Makugo is gonna have a side part Oh, no jiggles. Thank God see my hero.  Oh, he doesn't have his side part.   That's what time it is That's a nice mask I Gun them down.  I know one moment. They're all gonna come cement. Oh some racer head Nezu Oh my god Wait a minute Look, Dave, it's your brother is your best friend throw Mineta in there. Let's see what happens Damn deck who looks like a man right now. This is the future guys She's so cute.   Look at this.   Come on. Oh, whoa.  What's he doing? This guy should just stand right next to all Mike.  Uh-oh We don't need a license here. This is a different country, bro Todoroki's just there right now.  He said that you learn anything from us J. So season one did happen thought they forgot about it They got like dementia Damn, look at her. She's moved. She's in love.   I could smell it a mile away already I'm gonna cry, bro.  Bro, do they not put their tides on in the show? I love when I'm Choco talks.  You don't have to Please wait here.   You can't stop me.   You zygote. Oh, I thought the mid-episode thing was gonna come on I'm reading facial movement Oh, yeah, the elevator broke. I'm like them. They don't have an elevator in the scientist city. Oh Come on, just do it.   I'm canceling my hero.   Oh? I thought she couldn't smell them.  He's all road Here we go movie animation time That's a movie iceberg now.  Oh We're splitting up now nice Yeah, Nani Nani don't stop bro. He's just you Oh, this is easy for them. Come on, bro Todoroki Bakugo together. It's over. He just saved him. Oh now.  Did he really just scream that he loves him. Oh, it's him I know they're best friends, but it's awesome to see that like he's worried about him He loves him. You're not worth telling my name, too Man, I gotta download these OSDs to my phone.  I'm loving this They're smiling way too much right now. You don't smile in these moments. Oh god.  Is he really climbing saying this shit? Fall please.  I can't believe he just did it at least he did something. Let's be honest At least he's not being a creep. What you watch it when I watch it Come on Bakugo. Yo, Bakugo doing this in his suit right now. I love that suit. I like it better than his beard God. Oh I love this tag team or this trio. I guess No music right now just straight-up sound effects Damn nice Todoroki Todoroki used observation Did they forget the OSD? I love this So quiet I like them together. I need more of this in the anime. I'm sure we'll see it Let's go at them and edit any others. He said no, no. He said thanks That's why he said he's so out of character I love it when a big moment is when a character says thanks.  Why can't we let Manetta run in the front of us for safety reasons? Here we go, it's time.  Muscle that's a whole didn't get close on global. I knew it. I got my mom. Oh my god What else is in there? I don't want to know. I don't want to know.   Oh my god free uses. I think right? Oh Here we go Show that budget. Come on. Let's see that big budget Love this song, bro. I love it. Don't worry.   I missed Manetta. Look at don't tell me I missed that. Did I really miss that? Was I not paying attention to Manetta? No, he wasn't no, he wasn't look. He was just behind her. Wait a minute.  They're coming from the left. Look. He's just awake Wait, wait, wait a minute.  Let's go.  What? Go make ammo Quick come on them. Oh my god Dude, he's being useful. You know how much Manetta's doing I have so cool on God and that a good at a Yeah, mama.  Get her a red ball. Oh Yeah, oh, I love seeing that. Does he ever run out of balls? I don't think so, bro Next always tease revving up. I love a Chaco guys. I love her so much hop on deck who I guess I Want deku to start flying myself. Oh god.   I kind of wanted O Chaco to do it alone She needs the men to protect her. What kind of signal is that huh? All right, Sukuna.  Oh my god, bro. All right, so he's about to use the second one The final one's gonna be used to end the movie It's gonna be used on the final boss to end the fight.  I wish the OSTs were louder too, bro. They just got Deco Deco risen, bro. He's the Rizz Lord He's such a hero, bro They're sword kill.   She's good. We all believe don't we? Imagine he's not dead. No, he has to be done. That's three wasn't it? Oh, no, no, it wasn't They said three of all might level punch.  What's he doing? What's he doing?  Look at him.        Oh, oh, oh, I would have let that out in the theater.  Come on.  I Love when he's all glowing. Look at him.  Come on. I was quick What's meant out of doing? Okay. Good. Good. His eyes are shut. How it should be meanwhile Thank God they're in their hotel rooms, but they wouldn't be doing anything to begin with Come on all my get up there get your final moment.   They're Detroit, New York Bopal drivers.  Come on.  Oh, man. Oh my god, bro. There's so much blood. I'm getting triggered.  They're not dead.   Oh It's so satisfying even though it didn't do that much here go magneto time Yeah, we never seen this guy again after this good job Dave Yep, this Dave's doing God, oh, let's go. Let's go boy. Oh my god. Look at that shot Yeah, whatever CGI bro, but it still looks cool.  Oh My god. Oh, dude, I could look at that all day.  Come on. Oh my god. I hear rapping Yeah Yep, oh Come on, man. It's gonna be sick. I can hear it already. It's gonna be crazy.  Come on.  This is cinema. He stopped the OST.  That ain't no Carolina, bro That's cinema the cinema punch Come on. You're here to give us good animation, bro All right, Deku. Come on. He felt it too.  Shall I look at this? Should I look at this? Is this a spoiler the moment? It's that man Whatever it's fine. It's fine. It's fine.  It's fine. Look at that react.  He's involved in everything Throwing CGI at him now.  There it is. There it is. Y'all hear it. Yeah Let me watch they're gonna deliver it together the final blow.  We started the stream with this song Now they're all working together, this is a Washington E max I max I got goosebumps.  Oh my god Yeah, I Wouldn't they got my watching this in the cinema, bro I wouldn't I would I would act up my cameras better be white. I swear to God. Look at them run Do the parallel and she knows it deck who got that all my movement Beautiful what is that?  Oh my god It's gojo inside of that it has that end of a movie feeling right now.  Oh god. That was an explosion if I've ever seen one, bro I can't believe it. That's easier.    No, don't don't don't do this to me, man.  I'll see your body. Don't give me that.  He's gonna come back and my hero for heroes See, this is fine to say you're taught. It's the end of a movie. They could they could celebrate Is that it? Oh I thought the credits were better role. I saw Bakugou smiling, but then he went yeah, he's like goddamn and I smiled I showed by true feelings Decalcoon, I love it. I love it, dude. It's like the last episode of season one Bro Dave saying Decoo like as all might in that moment. That was such a sick at addition Yep, and that's just gone it served its movie purpose She just turned into you know way out of nowhere, dude, we should have a Decalcoon count now Yeah, man, if anything this made me so excited to keep watching my hero.  It doesn't have to be related to the story ultimately. Just give me some fun action shit, bro So so so so Dave wasn't entirely evil, right? He wasn't bad He like he didn't have to do what he did but like I could understand where he was coming from But I was right not not to trust him. I was right Oh He was being sneaky so I'm always skeptical Skepticals my middle name.  Come on Like they're looking at their children or he's looking at his son Wow The light of the hero that's why I'm Nicholas light guys if that's the end of the movie.  Oh dude, that was great Come on That was fun, man. I was into it the entire time. No pacing issues just Fun action. That's what you want, man.  Why why'd they put him on the sidelines like that, bro I like leave manetta behind. Why do we need screen time for him on the movie screen?  They needed comic relief You have enough of comic relief with all the characters Bakugo kind as comedy They had comedy Invisible girl Look, look, yeah, let's show us one shot getting me excited for nothing beautiful walking out of the movie No, no, no, no only the losers walk out of the movie theater during this part This is where I'm strapped in my seat if that's not the best movie. I mean, I know it could get better than this I know it's not like the greatest thing I've ever seen but like for what it was it was great So I can't even imagine like it's probably gonna just get better and better Is it an ending scene? Maybe maybe like a little Marvel moment. Let's see Yeah, yeah. Yeah Yep ending scene.  This is beautiful. She's like no, no, it's okay. I love you, daddy You did it for a reason. I still support you. I read her lips. I know Japanese Am I dumb did they say what happened to the mom like I know they showed a picture, but did they tell us no It just don't tell us he isn't need a mother There was only like one spoiler. I guess like seeing more for all for one Look, it's how the movie started. It's all might in Deku right there.


I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. I have old dreams to know a life of abundance, to experience community built on love and to serve with the spirit of hope. But as my dreams have become reality, I know that my dreams have been watered with the sweat of the poor, constructed with nails of injustice and supported by the labor of the suffering. The dreams I've known have been nightmares lived by another. So I must now stay awake to new dreams, where the poor share in abundance where community is built on justice and where friend, enemy, stranger and neighbor serve together in hope. New dreams. Dreams for us all.


I think it's an honour to be part of this list. I've been on the list now for the last six years and it's absolutely fantastic to see so many other new women as well being a part of this list. I think it's a great way to encourage more and more women to get into the workforce and it's great to see impact, you know, publishing this list year on year. Organisations need to create a climate which is more conducive for women in terms of the environment and the policies. Equally I think the male managers, line managers need to ensure that they are more sensitive in terms of understanding women not being biased or not being partial or not being their favourites but making sure that they understand that women's needs are slightly different and they need to treat them more sensitively. More importantly I think we have a role as a society where we need to break stereotypes and encourage our daughters, our sisters to really not be treated any different as the men in the house and the boys in the house and that I think will really bring more women to the forefront.