Hey there friends, how's it going? My name is Kevin and today we're playing more Beyond Two Souls. And this menu kind of confused me. I didn't even know who it was for a second. I don't know why she looks like a boomer trying to take a Facebook profile picture or something. She's right up in the lens there. But yeah, we're jumping back into Beyond Two Souls, continuing on our story of making the worst possible choices for this poor character, which probably explains why she looks like she's on the verge of tears. Alright, looks like we already got her homeless. No surprises there, I'm afraid. Oh, is this one of Aiden's famous pranks again where he makes people cold? Why can he not warm her up? She's almost a superhero. Like, come on. She must be able to start a fire or something.   Oh, the demons are haunting her. The ones we sent back into the portal, okay. If you didn't watch the last one, look, it doesn't matter. Basically, stranger things. That's it. We sent things back into a portal and now we're homeless. Oh, a pay phone with a really high coin slot for some reason.  Wait, who's Nathan? Oh, William Defoe. Yeah, okay, you could just call him William Defoe if you wouldn't mind. That's how I've been referring to him as. I didn't even realize his name was Nathan. What was the point in that call?  Wait, is it me controlling her? Oh, it must be because she goofily walked off screen. Oh, free shopping. There's probably something like DVDs or something in there. Now get up, Jody, explore the shopping cart. What do they have? All right, they got some books anyway. That's just that. I can't read, but maybe I could look at the pictures or something. They might be pop-up books. There you go. That got his attention. Oh my God, he's strong. I don't know why I didn't couldn't have just carried me away or at least helped. Wait, what? What is happening now? What? Huh? Why was he screaming? Wait, what? I am so confused by this game sometimes. I told you you could make fire if you tried hard enough to keep yourself warm. Hey, I guess that's a flash into the future or something. I have not had enough coffee for this game. I'm struggling to keep up. Understand. Ah, Stan. We stand, Stan. He's protected me, nursed me back to health and now I guess I'm going to burn down his house for some reason. I mean, it does sound like it's in character for me. Choke out this guy for some reason. He's strong.  I just like making things awkward in this game. Just keep on staring. Just wait. Just keep waiting. Keep waiting. Almost there. Okay, now take the call. But it's probably not hot anymore. I waited so long to take it off you. How long have you been on the streets, kid? I just lie. I not that I don't trust him.  My boyfriend, he was going to kill me. Listen, Jody, I'm not your boyfriend, all right?  God, some people get so attached. Mixed messages, I guess. Whoever gets yours.  I wonder why we end up burning down his house. Oh, we have neighbors. Let me go introduce myself. I like them already here. I went over, stood in front of him and started enjoying his fire. The poor guy. Welcome to our magical kingdom, my lady. Yeah, I like him even more now. He's great. Oh, this guy's got a needle. He must be into sewing or something. This is quite a nice community they have. Oh, he's sewing up a little stitch on his glove. I could use that actually as well, if you wouldn't mind. God, look at the state of my gloves. They're destroyed. Give me that needle. Oh, now you go to sleep all of a sudden when I need that needle. Of course, typical. Hi. Hi. Sorry, small talk's not my strong suit. I'm just going to stare at you for a bit. She's learned a good defense that she just closed her eyes and looks away, pretends I'm not there. Most characters just continue to stare back and feel awkward. Ghost? What? Who? Ghost. Huh? Wait, hold on. What? What are you seeing that I'm not? Oh, what's back here? I'm going to go wandering. This sign says danger. Oh, that sure looks like danger. I'm not going in there. Hey kid, why are you going in there? There's danger in there. You want drugs? She definitely is. From his perspective, she's had one too many Flintstones vitamins. I don't do drugs. Okay, that's that's the truth. As if you believe her. All right, I'm going back into the danger room. No, she won't let me. I immediately try and go back in. Sir, I'm lost. Can you tell me where to go next in the storyline? I'm really confused. All I do is keep stealing their fire. Wait, jump. I just want to know will the ghost save me or not? Yeah, he will. Okay. He's got my back. I can only push the bad choices so far. He won't let me end the game prematurely. We got nothing left to eat. Now is not the fecking time. Stan, now is not the time. Let's go hunting. City hunting. Find some rich folk and eat them. Consume the one percent. One day on the streets and I go absolutely mad. Well, that's not for that for me. I'm not waiting around for the money. I'm going to go rob some people. Forget people. I've got like superpowers. I should go rob the bank. Oh, the weather outside is frightful. So I'm going to rob this fecking supermarket. Ah, come on. Do it. Come on. Be a bit nicer than that. Don't just give me that. Ah, come on. Damn it. What can I interact with? There's got to be something I can do. Maybe I can drop the supermarket sign in them and squish them. Or alternatively, maybe I could like do something with that phone. Something less lethal. Oh my God. What was that door? Christ almighty. That would decapitate you. Why is it so strong? Okay. I don't think there's actually a way in the supermarket for some reason. She doesn't even look that rough. It's fecking cold out. Why did he give her the old ah, ah, ah. Maybe he was giving me the old ah, ah, ah because I'm not supposed to be here in the story yet. Maybe that part comes later. I honestly have no idea what I'm doing. I haven't since I started playing. His eyes. He like heard the song million times already. You just enjoy that for like 10 seconds. Please put down some money. You can't just stare there and go, Yeah, what a great song. All right. Best beyond my way. You have to give something if you stop and listen. There you go. Money. Yes. Wait. Why is it nighttime? How long is this song? That poor guy's like, When can I have my guitar back? Wait. Don't take all his money. Wait. I only earned a few nickels or something. You can't. Don't take all his money. Holy shi- Jody, where did you get all that cash? I robbed that other guy. Stay right here. I'm going to go get us some food. Oh no. Don't leave me. Not even for my safety for him. I feel like something bad is going to happen. At least there's no guy to- Uh-uh-uh him before he goes in. Turns out he was smart though, after all. That uh-uh-uh guy knew I wasn't supposed to be there yet. So he was like, Don't waste your time in here. Just go down the lane and continue your story.  No, no, no. Kill. We kill now. Go, go, go, go, go. Looky here. Why are they filming them assaulting people? Let's demonstrate our deal with skanky lowlife bitches. Okay. I really wish I could respond to quick time events. No, I have to this time. I'm sorry. These guys are just- They're too horrible. They got to die now. I mean, I could try and justify it because beating these people to death, even in self-defense, probably is kind of a bad decision. So I'll just try and take it too far. Especially when it's on camera. That guy holding the camera must be like, Oh, thank God, I got the job of filming. He's just backing off. All right. I've dealt with the riffraff. Now going back to our house. Look, we've bought it. We've put down a deposit on the, the condo up there. Clean out of juice. Come on, Johnny. Help yourself. Oh my God. It's like a little family dinner. I'm going to say grace. Crazy motherfuckers. I like this guy. He's great. All right. I'm just going to get up mid meal and try and go into that hallway again where the danger is. Why won't she face the danger? Do you want to know how your baby is? Oh my God.  Johnny, you're kind of overstepping your bounds here. This is freaking weird. I just gave her an on the spot ultrasound. That is a neat parody trick. She doesn't. This poor woman's probably like, Okay, this girl's kind of freaky. Maybe we should vote her out of the camp. All right. Let's give the others some psychic readings.   Ah, so that's why we like the whole place on fire. This must be the reason. There we go. You are healed. I don't know why I didn't do that sooner to be honest and like, what about Stan's injuries? Could we do it for him? What's the last guy want? He's just going to turn to me like, I want a tricycle. I'm going to have to make that appear somehow. I didn't realize candle was on TV. That's my favorite show. What are you doing? I thought she was asking for food. I was confused. Wait, who is this? Oh my God, that's terrifying. Dude, don't do this. This is weird. The ultrasound already took it too far. Now you're taking it even further. This is his ghost wife. Like this, this is too much. Oh no, I'm possessing his ghost wife, aren't I? Stan, my love. Oh my God. No, don't do that. That's not funny. It isn't funny and it's not cool. It is me, my love. I never left.  Do you have to do that eye thing? Could you close your eyes, please? Or at least pull your hat over them.  Yeah, sorry. I didn't get you the tricycle. I helped everyone else, but I didn't help him with anything. Ah, now I'm getting it. So he'll burn down their entire home because he didn't get anything. Oh, let me guess. I'll deliver the baby now. I got to do everything, don't I? Jesus Christ, girl. We ain't got nothing here. Ain't got as much as a blanket, hot water. We got nothing. Didn't we know this baby was coming? Well, we didn't really plan this out, did we? All right, let's go. Jodie, come on. Stand slow down. Come on. The baby can wait. If we just give in to its demands and it's every need right away, it's going to grow up spoiled. There's all we need in there. We just got to get in. Oh, yes. We're going to rob the supermarket. Finally, something I want to do. Wait, go now. Go, yeah. Don't look for an alarm or anything. Just go in. Yeah, there we go. I like how shocked he was. We knew what we were getting into. Wait, what?  We were gone for like five minutes and he went off, found an abandoned building, broke into the abandoned building, went back to them and brought the very, very pregnant lady who's going into labor back into the abandoned building. Meanwhile, we picked up two or three things from the shop. God, some people are just way more productive than me. You know, in hindsight, it's probably a good thing we didn't disable the alarm for that shop because now there's going to be loads of emergency services around when this building inevitably goes up in flames. Oh, for fuck's sake. It's always me. Can someone else do something for once? I met her yesterday. Okay, don't worry. Don't worry. We're going to figure this out. We're going to figure this out. I mean, how hard can it be? Yeah, not hard at all. Stop whining. This is easy. Hey, you can do it. That's the extent that I could help in this situation. Just give me a little pat on the shoulder. Hang in there, buddy. You're doing great, champ. Sorry, just that noise. Hey, don't make a big deal about it. I'm breathing, too. We don't see me boasting. Oh my God, Tuesday. It's got tentacles and a tail. Oh my God, it's a little gremlin. Like, I was joking about the tentacle and tail thing Tuesday, but honestly, like, this one didn't turn out so good. It's not easy so far, babe. But we're going to make it. Me and you. Ah, you wait and see. There's a fire coming, I think. I'm still waiting for this fire. She's more than the mace. I don't like the intense eye contact. They're all making with the mace. Couldn't have done it without you guys and Jody. Jesus, what a day for Jody.  She busts for loads of money. She broke into a supermarket. She delivered a baby.  Cured a man of his drug addictions, beat up four men at once.  Oh, I think I hear fire. Yep, there's the fire. How did this happen? My immediate thought is it's those hoodlums from earlier who couldn't stand getting beaten up at four versus one, but I don't know. I said, get out of here. Yeah, go on. Get, Stan. We don't love you anymore. Go on. Go home. We gotta save them before the whole place burns down. I thought you said, we just took off running. All right, I guess I'm on my own.  You can't. I'll just take control of this guy and get him out of here. He's being a pain. Look at that. I told you you could do it. It seems so effortless. Ah, there's the police from earlier. But they took a long time to respond to that alarm going off, didn't they? Wait, you were just standing in there with the fire when you could get to the door? I thought you was trapped. I took out and scaled the building to get in your window and you could have just opened the door for me. You know who it was. I figured it out. It was William Defoe. He did the same thing as Spider-Man. So it turns out he lives up to his name, William Defoe. How could I have thought he was William Defrend? I'm so foolish. Not for fact's sake. Really? I can't. Surely I can jump over that. I've done worse. Well, the only solution is to keep going up. When I didn't save me earlier and I tried to jump into traffic, couldn't he just do that again? He just gently lower me to the ground. Wait, I wasn't doing the quick time events and I'm not really sure what's after happening.  Did Stan go in for me? Oh God, I might have just got Stan killed. Oh no, he saved me. He's fine. God, he got me out of there quick. I was on the top floor and he went up and got me back down in like 15 seconds and that's even with the vacant stairs all burnt down. Why didn't Stan just save them all if he could do that? Feckin Stan is the protagonist here, not me. Okay, Jodie has looked better to be honest. She deserves a better player to be playing as her. I'm sorry I have to. That's the end of the video. That was a long segment though.   You hear that? It's vibrating all over the place. Oh no, it's him, the Green Goblin. I think I see the light. Don't they say go towards the light? Oh my God, I wish I didn't go towards the light. That's loud. Oh, now my whole life is flashing before my eyes.   She's just staring off into space. I mean, I don't really blame her. She's trying to figure out the whole thing. But we're going to leave it there. I was trying to end it for the past like three minutes but it just wouldn't let me. But yeah, I hope you guys enjoyed the video. Jesus, this was a long portion. Usually we do two or three of them but the whole homeless section was just huge and I'm wondering what impact it's going to have on the story. But oh well, I hope you did enjoy that. I appreciate you watching as always folks. If you want to see more, do let me know because I'd be happy to play more of this game. There wasn't a lot of bad choices to be made there so I'm hoping in the next ones we can make a few more.  I've been really enjoying it. I'm curious where the whole thing is going. It's a really weird storyline and it needs more William Defoe, I think. But yeah, if you want to see more of my stuff, I post every day and I also post a livestream, I should say, over on Twitch. I'm very boomer when it comes to Twitch, okay? I'm trying to get my head around this whole thing. But I livestream over there about four or five times a week and the link's in the description. But other than that, I hope you enjoyed and I hope to see you next time. Bye for now.


Hi, I'm Atia, a community advocate at GitLab. I'm going to show you how to set up GitLab pages for your own GitLab instance. This guide assumes you have a working GitLab omnibus instance set up with a runner or several and a wildcard air record for a domain pointing to that GitLab instance. I have mine set up just like this. All of the prerequisites are viewable in the Pages Administration Documentation article, which I'll link in the description of this video. Now let's look at setting up pages for our instance. We need to edit the gitlab.rb configuration file. Let's SSH into the GitLab instance. Mine's running in a Docker container and yours doesn't have to, as it doesn't make any difference. I'm running GitLab EE, but you can run CE as well. We need to edit the gitlab.rb configuration file. The Pages configuration is included and commented out by default. Let's find it. And let's set it up to use our own domain. I'm using matia-pages.gitlab for our pages and matia-copic.gitlab for my instance. And reconfigure. Once it's done, we can test our pages setup by creating a new project. It can be public, but it doesn't have to be. Let's add a license file. You don't have to, though. I'll pick the MIT license. And now let's add an index file that our project page is going to display and some basic HTML in it, just for demonstration purposes. Once that's done, we can set up CI to build a page aside for that project. This one's really simple. Let's copy our project files to the public directory. In Pipelines, we'll see our build running. Let's check it out right now. It finished. Let's take a look at what we've built. In Project Settings, Pages, we should see a link to the deployed site in the domain we configured gitlab to serve pages on. It's that simple. If you want to serve pages over HTTPS, just add the additional certificate information in your gitlab.rb configuration file and reconfigure. That was easy. Leave any questions in the comments below or ask us on Twitter. Until next time!


So the put wall down now at 5,000. That's also the absolute gamma strike That's a strike with largest absolute positive and negative gamma down now at 5,000 That's also in the next level up is the volatility trigger absolute positive. That's the VT there now at 5,000 at 51 45 Then a spot gammas proprietary volatility flip a little below that level market makers position on the game curve is negative and A negative gamma environment market makers have to trade With price to hedge their delta exposure That tends to enhance or increase volatility and note that SPX did trade below that level earlier today now trading above So above that level market makers position on the gamma curve is positive and a positive gamma environment Market makers have to trade against price to hedge their delta exposure. That tends to subdue or decrease volatility All right, then finally The call wall Is up at 5,200 that's a strike where the largest net positive gamma that can be expected to active resistance and that Level has been the call wall for quite some time So that's the potential ceiling for price 5,200 Potential floor at 5,000 all right. Let's wrap up our view of Oh, uh, let me uh mention again the shifts and levels put wall shifted lower Down to 5,000 and the volatility trigger did shift higher slightly from 51 30 yesterday up to 51 45 All right, so minor shifts in the volatility trigger and a shift lower in the put wall For spx Let's wrap up our view of spx with A view of today So spx gap down today this From here over is the regular trading hours This is that shaded rectangle that I drew on the larger time frame chart spx gap down and as now continuing to make a series of higher lows trading above the volatility trigger at 51 45 All right, let's go take a look at book map now In book map. I have my own cloud notes So I can show spx levels. There's the 51 45 volatility trigger Though there's a difference in price between es and spx And I have it currently at 63 points So for example, I'm showing the 51 50 level at es 52 13 so that's spx 51 50 at es 52 13 and I also post those Index relationships that I'm using every day In discord I post the preliminary numbers around 9 a.m. And the final numbers around 10 a.m Also have spy levels on this chart. Here's the spy absolute gamma strike At 515. That's also the zero gamma level Maybe acting as resistance So spy levels spx levels all on the same chart as well as key es levels. There's the 5200 level All right for spy There was a bullish hat trick today The volatility trigger put wall and absolute gamma strike all shifted higher. So a bullish hat trick for spy And based on that my thesis for today for the sp500 was bullish call wall remains at 520 All right, so for the sp500 there's still room to run higher Based on the higher call walls for the spx and spy All right, let's move on to nasdaq and a bullish day for nasdaq as well This is the nq futures and book map And I do want to take a look at the underlying index charts Before we take a closer closer look at this chart first of all i'm going to go to qqq Low for the day for qqq right around this 433 0.53 combo one level But that's a c3 level combo three level acting as support Don't that 435 That's a large gamma three level That was noted as support in the spot game. I am founder's note So qqq trending up And for qqq there was a bullish hat trick as well So the volatility trigger put wall and absolute gamma strike all shifted higher Just like the just like spy And the call wall remains at 450 so plenty of room to run higher for the qqq the nasdaq Let's take a quick look at ndx Then we'll get back to nq ndx Gap down Now trending higher above the 17900 Level that is the call wall and absolute gamma strike And note also that level did act as resistance earlier today And now support then support Resistance then support Let's go to book map All right, so there's that level dndx level That it acted as resistance Wrong tool acted as resistance that support And here's this qqq 433 53 level c3 level That acted as support And that's just above the nq 18050 level also the lower day they expected move Up above Here's the nq. I mean qqq 440 absolute gamma strike volatility trigger And again remember the call walls way up at 450 all right, so there was a bullish hat trick For nasdaq volatility trigger put wall and absolute gamma strike for qqq all shifted higher so my thesis for The nasdaq was bullish as well. All right, let's wrap up position analysis by taking a look at gamma notional This is market makers position on the gamma curve the beginning of the day focusing on The sv 500 and asdaq But yesterday for sbx gamma notional was slightly negative slightly positive today And for spy gamma notional did shift slightly lower so still negative for today So again on a positive gamma environment for an index spot gamma assumes that Traders are short calls market makers are long calls since the positive gamma They have to trade against price to hedge their dealt exposure And for a negative gamma environment Spot gamma assumes that traders are long puts market makers are short puts into the negative gamma They have to trade with price to hedge their dealt exposure So at the beginning the gay gamma notional for spy and qqq was negative If for qqq A slightly less negative than yesterday All right. I want to take a look at one last thing This is the sp spx vana model what this chart is showing and i'll Uh, we'll see why i'm showing this chart in just a moment All right, so what this chart is showing is market makers delta notional on the vertical axis And the spot price for spx on the horizontal axis There are two curves on this chart The light gray curve shows how market makers delta notional may change with changes in price only And the purple curve adds implied volatility to the equation that shows how market makers Delta notional may change with changes in price and implied volatility That's the curve that we want to take a look at All right, so note the low of the day for spx was right around 51 32 So that's right around here where i'm holding my My curse of this vertical line right around there So that was the low of day price has been increasing Market makers delta notional has been decreasing And they can buy back their short hedges So that's a put vana rally. That's indicating there's put vana fuel in the tank for a rally That was helping to fuel this rally this morning. This put vana fuel in the tank Let's take a look at vex Take a look at a one-day chart for vex So earlier today Vix was dropping so price increasing And implied volatility dropping Market makers can buy back their short futures. It looks like vix has found a bottom Somewhere between 14 and 14.1 At least so far today All right, so that's the vana model indicating there was put vana fuel in the tank for a rally today And that is helping to fuel the rally higher All right, so that is my Positional in that Sorry, that's my positional analysis for today Again bullish for the sp500 and nasdaq based on the bullish hat tricks for spy and kukuku All right, let's move on to Setups now So i'm going to move on to execution So everything that we've looked at so far other than Bookmap is based on static data Again spot gamma takes Open interest data that's updated once a day they apply their algorithms to come up with the levels that we were looking at And now let's again, let's move on to execution real time Let's see what traders are doing first of all. I want to start with what options traders are doing today I'm going to start with the sp500 So this is the hero chart hedging impact real-time options h i ro This is available to spot gamma subscribers And this what this chart is showing is options trades And market maker hedging activity Or a combined signal For the spx spy xsp and es futures The white line is priced for spx And the purple line is the hero signal Again, that's hedging impact real-time options When the hero line is rising that shows that traders are taking positive delta positions They are buying calls and or selling puts Market makers take the opposite side of those trades and they have to My futures to hedge their delta exposure And when that hero signal is falling That indicates traders are taking negative delta positions They're buying puts and or selling calls Market makers take the opposite side of those trades And they have to Sell futures to hedge their delta exposure All right, so that's the combined signal and that is What I look at for trading any form the sp500 All right, I'm zooming in on this chart. I want to focus on a long setup this morning So I'm going to take note of a couple things here. First of all, let's flow the art That indicates significant options activity And for the sp500 these flow alerts are often a mean reverting signal So my first thought when I see this signal In the sp500 is to look for a reversal So just a few minutes later the hero signal starts to rise. There's another hero signal More of a confirmation signal Consolidation then the hero signal starts to rise again. All right, so let's go take a look at book map what I'm looking at is this 10 30 long setup 10 30 reversal Let's go to book map Come back to the sp500 We zoom in on this All right, this is es futures in book man First of all the volume dots are showing market buy minus sell Magenta dots indicate more sellers than buyers Green volume dots indicate more buyers than sellers So it took a while for the sp500 to get going And this is right around 10 30 ES makes a little bit of a higher low Looks like sellers are exhausted there that very small Magenta volume dot aggressive buyers start to come in cumulative volume delta starts to rise that's shown by the dark blue line And price starts to move higher remember options traders took their foot off the gas And then they start up again about 11 20 aggressive buyers start to come in And price moves above the 51 45 volatility trigger And notice price starts to move higher Buy stop orders that's shown by the yellow line on the sub chart As well as the on chart indicators Feel the move higher More consolidation around the 51 50 level and the 513 spy volatility trigger Right around 1215 ES Starts to move higher again Let's go back and take a look at a hero All right, so there's that move Up move Consolidation Up move consolidation Then up move again And then reversal right around 1250 or 1245 All right, nice long setup In the sp500 this morning All right, so it looks like this 515 level that I mentioned earlier Is so far acting as resistance And this is about the time That the hero signal started to reverse lower remember that was right around 1245 The hero signal reversed lower All right, let's take a look at all right. Let's take a look at Take a look at nasdaq now All right, so again, this is the nq features of book map And I thought the order flow was a little bit easier read today in the nasdaq Let's take a look at heroes see what options traders are doing first If the nasdaq I like to take a look at This mag 7 signal So this is another combined signal Showing options trades and market maker hedging hedging activity For a combined signal for the stocks known as the magnificent seven. That's apple amazon Google google meta microsoft nvidian tesla point. Let's zoom back in on this chart Here in this case of the mag 7 signal it reverses Higher earlier in the day Right around 945 950 traders start taking positive delta positions In the mag 7 stocks All right, and a rag ask can we see calls and puts separately for the sp500? Let me just say that I'm Presenting here. I'm trying to show the most clear signal Yes, separating the outputs and calls can give some additional clarity and nuance I thought the For the sp500 the total signal was was clear. This is the default What I typically use I will get to that In just a minute And I will certainly take a look at calls and puts for individual stocks All right, so this is the mag 7 signal And we can we can separate outputs and calls so traders are selling puts and buying calls puts shown by the blue line Calls shown by the orange line. All right, so we know it The mag 7's hero signal reverses higher right around 950 Let's go take a look. So that's why I don't like to do that Because of that auto zoom bug All right, so let's go take a look at nasdaq The zoom in right so in the case of nasdaq Remember traders started taking positive delta positions in the mag 7 stocks right around 945 950 aggressive sellers on the way down to this qqq combo 3 level Aggressive buyers start to come in I'll also note the rising light blue line showing that traders were buying with ice for orders large traders use ice for orders to hide their size And nasdaq continues to make a series of higher lows And yeah, and a rank. Yeah, I don't mean to uh To be mean or anything. Uh, yeah, that is a powerful directional signal And uh, we'll we'll get to that. Yeah, we'll take a look at it So thanks for pointing that out again. I'll get to that. All right, so nasdaq Continues to move higher some consolidation Around the ndx 18000 level. All right, so let's go back Go back to hero and as Anirag points out When the orange line a blue line are moving the same direction. That's a very powerful directional indicator And note for so this is back. I'm back to the sp 500. So it's really call buyers that are driving price The sp 500 show mother rising orange line traders buy calls market makers sell the calls They have to buy futures to hitch their delta exposure And the call line was pretty steadily rising up until about 1245 Call buyers took their foot off the gas And price consolidated Right, so they're uh, anirag. So in the case of the sp 500, it's primarily call buyers Uh that have been driving price In the mag 7 Put sellers that show them by the rising blue line And call buyers Both moving in the same direction again as you point out very powerful directional set signal powerful directional indicator Let's take a look at some stocks First call. I want to take a look at apple Apple call buyers driving price higher that's shown by the rising orange line flow alert Orange line shifts up Traders buying calls market makers sell the calls. They have to buy stock to hitch their delta exposure Call buyers take their foot off the gas for quite a while Then about just after 1 p.m. They start buying calls again So in the case of apple call buyers also driving price Let's go take a look at book map apple reversal higher Absorption at the 173 level Humulative volume delta shifts positive as traders are buying calls market makers sell the calls And buy stock to hitch their delta exposure Next stock amd Barish in the morning Let's take a look at heroes see what options traders are doing go to amd So in the morning traders were selling calls Note that 185 is the put wall Trader selling calls market makers buy the calls They have to sell stock to hitch their delta exposure Start buying calls And price starts to move higher Note of another another flow alert A lot of these flow alerts come in near the open That's something that I watch for every day these alerts to get my attention For instruments to trade Next amazon Bullish day in amazon Not a lot of range of movement Let's go take a look at Heroes see what options traders are doing So they're buying calls today and they're selling puts also Buying calls to them by the rising orange line 175 is the key gamma strike They've also been selling puts Call buyers Finally taking their foot off the gas Right around 1 p.m Now amazon starting to move lower Remember 175 is the key gamma strike So amazon Uh still trading above that level All right, the next is microsoft Also bullish today Very typical trend a pattern up lunchtime consolidation then reversal Of the of the trend starting to move lower. Let's see what options traders are doing Go to microsoft So microsoft in the morning Traders were selling puts Also buying calls Note the uh another flow alert there Call buyers take their foot off the gas they start buying calls again Price moves higher Orange line blue line moving in the same direction Take their foot off the gas just after 11 a.m So now the puts sellers have not done much of anything Same with calls Then some large block order orders came in Uh right around 115 These are large block orders institutional orders to sell calls Show them by the vertical lines there Helping to move Microsoft lower So when traders sell calls market makers buy the calls They have to sell stock to adjust their delta exposure All right anorang asks um Do you have any opinion on competitors of spot gamma? They're a lot cheaper um Sorry, I I have not tried any other competitors of spot gamma. I think Spot gamma is definitely a leader in this in this space Of showing how options trades And market maker hedging activity or driving price action So i've used spot gamma for Probably about four years now All right, so liz asked hello. Welcome glad you're here. What software is that you're using? All right, so this is let me go to First of all, this is book map. So again, this is book map You can get more information at book map dot com And then this is part of spot gamma Spot gamma is a subscription service provides a variety of subscription levels and information And this is the real-time data All right, liz uh says the one with the white With the blue line and white that is this is spot gamma. So again, the blue line is Showing what traders are doing with puts the direction of these lines are in terms of delta So a rising line indicates traders are taking positive delta positions So blue line that would be selling puts that's positive delta and buying calls. That's also positive delta Let's take a look at tesla bullish day here in tesla reversal At the 187 50 hedge wall right around 950 Traders start selling puts and buying calls And tesla reverses higher note the floor dirt that came in a few minutes before that reversal higher Foot sellers have taken their foot off the gas And somewhat taken their foot off the gas certainly be the slope of the line for the calls has slowed down And thank you, steven for your help in youtube All right, let's go take a look at book map take a look at tesla back to hero So again 167 50 Hedge wall reversal higher There's that hedge wall Tesla starts to make higher lows Takes a while for some aggressive buyers to start to come in Note the options trades really driving price for tesla today. There are some aggressive sellers, but Traders taking positive delta positions Market makers take the opposite side. They're buying Tesla stock edge their delta exposure. That's what's really driving price for tesla today And then let's take a look at nvidia Pretty choppy action for nvidia In the morning Really doesn't nvidia really did not get going until afternoon Maybe after the european close Final pullback 865 We'll take a look and see what options traders have been doing in just a minute Note the high liquidity at the 850 level This is the heat map and book map. This shows a history of the limit orders in book map And the darker the shading That indicates there are more orders. That's orders at that level Note they came in at the cash open. Those are limit buy orders to buy at 850 There's absorption at that level not all those Orders were consumed. In fact, it looks like not they were not consumed. So that's absorption And nvidia starts to make higher lows Let's see what options traders have been doing today. Let's go back to book map I mean hero Go to nvidia. Note the rising purple line. They've been selling puts all day Call line was pretty flat Excuse me call line was pretty flat up until about 1215 Then they start aggressively buying calls Price continues to move higher Let's take a look at one other thing for nvidia here See if there were any shifts and levels overnight for nvidia All right. So here's nvidia. Let's take a look at the District All right. So this is a nice new feature in in equity hops. So this is another part of spot gamma This green and red color coding The call wall moved up to 1,000 from 900 yesterday to 1,000. That's bullish Football moved down to 800 somewhat bearish So kind of a mixed picture, but I Uh in this market, I'm really focused more on call walls than foot walls So room to run for nvidia up to 1,000 now the call wall at 1,000 raining days wants to take a look at Once the lake take a look at coin. All right, we can do that. So I don't have coin and book map So let's take a look in hero hero to coin But for day trading I found that the bid ask spread is just too wide and coin right so Initially you have moved down coin this morning 1030 reversal They put buyers and call sellers take their foot off the gas They start selling puts Then just a few minutes after 11. They start aggressively buying calls So by 1115 1130 Call line blue line moving in the same direction Coin moving higher Asked while trading mag 7 would you have therapy ratio fundamentals in mind by any chance? No No, I don't So that that's not something I look at I'm looking at From day to day what I'm looking at is this information right here How these levels are shifting so I'm just focusing on intraday trading So if I were investing In uh and one of these stocks, yeah, I would look at the fundamentals But in that case I do not in this case for day trading. I do not I'm looking at how these levels are shifting from day to day I talk about the levels for the sp500 and naztac in detail arising Call wall for example indicates that traders are looking for Accepting and positioning themselves for a A move higher in price Dell Rainy day's coin is definitely available in book map. You can look at any stock and book map. I choose not to I have a I can't I'm not going to load coin now. It takes a while to To load a stock. So I have a set Uh number of stocks that I look at on book map every day and that is the mag 7 stocks plus amd and es and NQ So that's what I keep in The book map, but if you like to trade coin you can certainly load it in book map Right sd wants to take a look at dell So we can take a look at dell I'm going to shift back to the well better not do that. All right. So traders are buying calls and selling puts and dell Dell moving higher today All right. The reason let me go back to book map Let's go to From the sp500 Could a book map. All right. This is what I this is what I like to trade sp500 naztac And I'm looking at these the futures whether I'm trading futures or spy or qqq and then apple these are the mag 7 stocks Plus amd And here's qqq and spy just to have these for completeness So this is what I have in book map. This is I've I've tried some other stocks recently like arm and and No snowflake I just find that these stocks That I have here in book map Are very consistently driven by options trades and market maker hedging activity Day in day out. I'm going to shift back to the total signal now. Let's go to mag 7 All right, so the signal continues to rise for mag 7 Now close full screen Let's take a look at some alerts All right, so I clicked I'm Check these alerts Here's an alert a flow of art for amd So I click on that I see the flow of art there So I do this especially in the morning when I'm looking for a setup. All right sd Says sorry I missed the first part. This is being recorded You should be able to go back and immediately watch the recording note I did have an issue with the software that I used to stream to you too. So I believe the straw stream traded Started a little bit late So my general overall approach I'm looking at What options traders are doing and So I come up with a thesis that I'm looking at what options traders and Options trades market maker hedging flow and in hero and order flowing book map for setups And certainly you can use book map to trade options. I mentioned that In my Introduction when I talk about setups you can take those any way that you want All right, so the screen right now. This is the Hero signal And this is book map All right, so you can certainly use this for if you're scalping options Interday certainly This would be a great approach everything that I'm doing you can apply that to options as well as As well as stocks or futures so an array As Can you use book map to trade options? No All right, so if you want to trade options you're going to have to trade those separately on a trading platform Your options platform. All right, so I trade stocks and futures And all right, let me talk about trading a little bit All right, sd. Uh, we can take a look at meta Very bullish day in meta and I did trade meta today Here's the meta hero signal reverses higher right around 9 45 10 a.m Traders taking positive delta positions. All right, so let's talk about trading. I bet Uh, don't have any time left, but let me talk about trading. So in in book map It's a visualization platform And you can also use it for trading So let's this actually let's go back to amd So you can trade in book map And you can trade stocks futures and crypto and book map and I don't trade crypto But I do trade I do trade options. I mean stocks and futures I do trade options, but not Not Not here. So again in book map you can trade futures and stocks First of all, you need to have global plus there are two versions of Book map that you can use to visualize Stocks and futures. That's global and global plus unique global plus to be able to trade You also need live data subscribe to live data. I use dx feed for stocks rhythmic data for futures You also need connection to a broker And you can set up a variety of connections here So I have a connection to That looks like my trade of eight connection is gone for some reason. So right now I have a connection to trade station for stocks And then I do have a connection for futures to trade of eight for some reason that has disappeared for my list of connections So right now my trade station is on a demo account I set up I changed it to the demo account simulated account All right, then this is the can trade control panel and In book map you can use to Pick whether you want to trade on the chart dome or both Pick the civil you're going to trade That's amd at trade station pick the number shares you want to trade And a bracket you can set your bracket however you want. All right. Let me do a final check for questions All right, so again You can trade stocks futures and crypto one book map not options All right, sd. I hope I answered any question about meta Very bullish day in meta up to 495 High liquidity As sd points out these levels of high liquidity Oops Often act as magnets for price All right, my time is up. I want to thank everyone for watching. Thank you very much for your questions and comments And remember tomorrow VIX expiration 9 30 a.m. Eastern time and 2 p.m FOMC announcement 2 30 p.m press conference And I will stop whatever I'm doing at 2 p.m And Cover the sv 500 And continue. I start. Sorry. I missed your question ask is the hero signal available pre-market it is for Remember it's showing options trades. So let's go back to the hero signal. So there are only a few number of instruments that trade options before the cash open stocks do not but Let me go back to the Back to my watch list SPX And you can change this to choice extended hours So options trades Options trade before the cash open for es and spx So you can see those on the hero signal. I turn this off that that's typically not significant compared to the Regular trading hours. All right, everyone again, thank you very much for your questions and comments. Thanks for watching Sorry about the technical issues. Hopefully I'll get that worked out and we'll see you tomorrow. Thanks again. Bye


Anyways, thanks for having me here. It's kind of weird to be here on the stage at Fozdem. Certainly, it's a huge honor. But it's also something where I've watched from a distance for years, watching talks on video and that kind of stuff, watching a bunch of people who are way smarter than me come up here and talk, and certainly who have done way more than me to kind of build free software and build open source, and I've learned a lot from this. And so it's kind of a big, huge honor to be up here. And what I want to talk about today, when Phillip and others have kind of asked me what the subject would be, is really just a little bit about the future, and the future of free software and open source and beyond that. And, you know, really when I kind of sat down, you know, it's a funny thing when you're proposed titles for talks, you don't know really what you're going to talk about. When I sat down to think about it, really it was just, I want to talk about the things that I've been thinking through since starting at Mozilla the last little while.  I think about how foundations work and how all these kind of things fit together. And so, you know, this actually may end up being a bit of a boring talk for you, because it's the stuff I've been thinking through as I think through my kind of organizational nerd phase of starting up at Mozilla. So bear with me if it's a bit boring. And I want to just set up some context in terms of what that stuff is I've been thinking about. I spent a lot of time in the last few months thinking what is Mozilla for? And, you know, I probably came in a little bit with the assumption that a lot of people have is that Mozilla's there to build Firefox, or Mozilla's there to build SeaMonkey, or Mozilla's there to build Thunderbird or Bugzilla.  So five years ago, when the Mozilla Foundation was set up, the mission statement was basically this, that Mozilla is there to guard the open nature of the internet. And it also says, and so this is actually basically a photocopy of the mission paragraph of Mozilla's incorporation papers. And it also says that Mozilla is there to build open source software that helps people have free access to the internet. And it also says Mozilla is there to promote innovation and give people technologies that they can reuse and make the internet better. But ultimately it comes down to helping guarding the open nature of the internet. And it's a pretty broad mission. And part of the job that we have is thinking through what that means. And how some of this came up is that Mozilla spent a bunch of time in the last three months figuring out what its goals are for the next two years. I now see that I'm being cut off on the edge a little bit. And so, you know, that was a good discussion. It came up with four goals. You know, some broad goals about promoting openness and participation on the internet. Obviously a continued focus on Firefox. A new focus on mobile, which is quite critical. And a continued focus on keeping people's data safe. And so, you know, that was an interesting discussion. Some of it was hard. Most of it was fairly straightforward. Some of it ties back to that broad goal. But, you know, I also started thinking if that's really the mission, guarding the open nature of the internet and doing that with other people, because certainly Mozilla can't do that alone and doesn't presuppose to do so, that's a long-term mission. It's a 50-year or 100-year mission. And certainly I think openness and participation will be a part of that mission for a long time to come. But I don't know whether building a web browser 50 years from now is what Mozilla needs to do or any of the other things. Hopefully the mobile space will be fixed. So, you know, those goals will change. So that's sort of stuff that I've been thinking a lot about. And it's really just the context for the talk I want to give. And the talk I want to give is kind of much broader about where's the future going, but also a little bit of where this group of people in particular have come from and what it means in terms of me thinking about that broader Mozilla mission.  I thought Simon was there. So, I want to make one point first in terms of going through this talk. Hopefully it's not a controversial point. Maybe it's a boring point that free and open source software have been a huge success story. And I want to talk a little bit about what I think that means or one of the things that that means. But then I want to dig into two questions. One is how far can free and open go? In particular, can the ideas that have brought us as far in software go beyond software? And if we can go beyond software, what's next? What immediately is ahead of us? So, let me get first into that point. So, I think we actually just had an interesting year behind us. If you think about the broader world, what happened in 2008, a bunch of things that you probably remember, like the Olympics, you may not have known as an international leader of the potato, but according to Wikipedia, it was. And it was a Spice Girls reunion tour last year. Did anybody here attend the Spice? No. Okay. There's also a really interesting year for free and open source software. I think a very successful year. Not that there haven't been successful years before, but three statistics of which I could pull many, many more are WordPress is running 32% of the top blogs on the web. And if you look at other free software that runs blogs, it's much bigger than that. It's well over 50%. Firefox passed 200 million users, and I get different reports all the time, but it sounds like it's sort of 230, 250 right now. So that's huge. And I actually think one of the biggest surprise successes of 2008 was about, I mean there's different numbers flowing around, four and a half million Linux netbooks. And that was a huge breakout in terms of people who hadn't thought about using free software, having access to a lot of flexibility and great software on Linux netbooks. And I guess the point about all those last three statistics is that those pieces of software, and when you look at Linux, all of the pieces that are rolled up inside of it are touching tens, small hundreds of millions of people. We're talking about free software being a mass consumer phenomena, something that is touching huge, huge numbers of people. And how it got to that place, obviously is a lot of hard work, but it's partly that there was a clear conceptual map that hundreds of thousands of people, small millions of people around the world can all turn to to figure out how they do this stuff, even if they disagree, even if they've got different things that they're trying to build. And the map is pretty clear that it's those four freedoms. And I guess the thing that is interesting when you look back at getting to that success and then when you look into the future, those started out as something about copyright, but they become something much more. They become something which is kind of like a design framework that helps people think about the values that they're putting into software that they build. It becomes, as it says on the screen, a bit of a map, and it's easy for lots of people to get to the same place if they've got a map. And what's interesting with the mass consumer success of those and many other free software products, it means that many millions more people have access to those freedoms. They may not use them, but it really is something that has reached out and touched huge numbers of people. And from my perspective, what's important about touching those huge numbers of people is that that's moved the market. It's moved the market in a way that other people who aren't building free software have to pay attention to fact that those values are built into mainstream products that people are using around the world. And I hope, and this is a little optimistic, it's moved the market to create a world that's a little bit more hackable. So products, even if people aren't using those freedoms in terms of actually hacking the code, are more bendable, configurable, and I think reflect the values of the people who built them, and then people are able to do things with their software that they weren't able to do before, and certainly that a lot of lockdown, commercial mentality people making software wouldn't have thought to let them do. And so I think that's a good thing. And the question, which should be pretty obvious, is who did this? Who got us to this point where there's a mass consumer phenomena of a more hackable world, or we have the seeds of that at least? You did. This is the group of people who built that. And if you think back nine years ago, or you think back even further, 25 years ago, it was pretty hard to imagine that a Microsoft monopoly and a web that wasn't clear if it was going to be open or closed would actually start to have some cracks put in them. And you guys put those cracks in that foundations and built those huge successes of free and open source software. So you should actually give yourselves a huge round of applause for that. And I don't know who Joseph is, but thank you for that picture. So you're credited on the side, but if you're here I'd love to meet you and thank you for that picture and buy you a beer. So that was when we were supposed to clap when it said celebrate. But let's go on to the first question. So the first question I wanted to ask is, how far can we take free and open? And I'm asking particularly about software, and I'm going to talk a little bit about what are the values that are in free and open source software mean for the web? So let's actually now step back a little bit in history. 2003, five years ago, not that far back in history. You may remember some of these things, although it's a little bit hard to remember that was when the first European Constitution was drafted. You probably didn't know it was the International Year of Fresh Squatter, probably a little bit more important than the Year of the Potato. And unless you're from Britain or one of its former colonies, you probably didn't know that the Cricket World Cup happened in 2003, but in fact, according to Wikipedia, it did. 2003 was also a year that the web was in danger. It was a year where the web was very different than what we can remember right now. So here's one reason the web was in danger. Here's market share statistics for Internet Explorer in July 28, 2003. So I don't know if people in the back can see these numbers, but they don't quite add up to 100%, which makes them a little suspect, but 97.34 for IE6, a bunch of other little stuff for IE5, and then little tiny bits for Mozilla Opera and Netscape. We were very clearly, and I don't think there's any dispute in this room, in a very different situation of monopoly on the web in 2003. And as recent events on this continent indicated, the monopoly is still having effects and is still a concern. And what are some of the things that monopoly was leading us to in terms of what the web would be? This is something that you probably haven't seen very much of for a while, blow it up so you can see the back online application only available for Internet Explorer. You used to see a lot more of this, or things like it, pages that didn't work if you weren't using Internet Explorer. Interestingly enough, you can tell from the domain name, this is a South Korean government website. And South Korea made a decision that its authentication for secure sites would be done by ActiveX and not using a public open certificate system. And it's still the only country in the world that works that way.  I got this message three days ago when I tried to pretend to apply for a visa on a current government website. That's where the web was going. It was very clearly going in that direction. And there's another thing if we think back sort of what the common experience of the web was in 2003. We're starting to see kind of websites that were a little bit more interactive. If you went to this site, you could see what kind of menus that popped up and all that kind of stuff. And I didn't pick this because I like baseball, by the way. I picked it because it's one of the few examples of the thing I'm going to show you that I could still find live on the web. So it's a nice, clean-looking website. I wondered how they made it, so I went and hit View Source, and that's all I could find out about how it operated. There's one flash file. And it's not that flash is not a dominant and problematic force right now. It still is. It's much bigger than it was in 2003. But one thing that is different is people generally don't try to build whole websites in flash and whole sets of applications in flash in the same way that things were going. And there were other technologies as well that were taking away the ability of people to see the source code of web pages, which was an incredible force in terms of innovation and how the web grew. And so you're getting to the point where people couldn't study, copy, modify, or share the web. Well, you couldn't see the source code of a web page and how the web was operating. And there was a real risk of that, and I think that particular part of the risk has diminished. So the point of that is that freedoms matter. They certainly matter for software. But I think not just for software, I think also for the web. They don't necessarily, that framework doesn't necessarily exactly map to why the web has become more open, but I think it has a lot to do with it. And I think the fact that the software and now often the software that people use to access the web is written by people who believe in those freedoms has something to do with how the web is getting better. And I guess, you know, that's the question. Is this enough of a conceptual map? I think quite naturally it has become a part of the conceptual map of the web being open. And some people kind of say, well, open web, what the hell is an open web? We maybe don't have a specific definition, but I think it is an important concept and it's something that we see and maybe we need a more clear conceptual map for that. But I think we've actually gotten there in part because all our ideas. So it's clear now that things are getting a little bit better. If you go, I grabbed this off Wikipedia, but it's from NetApps. And you can see, actually, this is definitely something I'm very happy to see. Internet Explorer has dropped under 70% for the first time ever since its dominance in the last few months. Firefox is over 20%, which is great. I guess what's more important is that there's a diversity of browsers in there and that's how the market has moved and that there are people playing in a way that is pushing innovation and pushing standards. And that's a good thing. I guess another way that things have gotten better is one of these things that we take for granted now, right? Is that we're in a world where the possibility of how you experience the web is really common and common for mainstream users of the Internet who aren't programmers. Firefox Add-ons is one example, WordPress Plugins is another example, but there's lots of other things that basically we're getting to the point where the ethic of letting people bend and manipulate and control their experience that I think comes from free software is there in how we set things up for mainstream users to access the web and add-ons in some ways, I don't think people may not agree with this specific statement, but in a way, letting people, giving consumers who don't necessarily have those technical skills, the ability to control their experience more, brings them closer to being able to hack that experience. They get more choice and freedom over what the web feels like for them and that's something which isn't just in Firefox, that's something that I think is becoming the mainstream of how things work. And I think it's the mainstream that we expect the web to feel like in terms of content. And so obviously WordPress is something that somebody with no technical skills can do a lot to change because of the plugins, because of other things. Creative Commons licensing is quite common now in terms of what the free content is on the web. Wikipedia obviously is another example of that. And even Flickr, which is a kind of closed proprietary web service, is the biggest repository of open photographs that has ever existed. And if you include all CC license photographs on Flickr, I think it's like over 20 million. If you take away non-commercial and attribution only and just look at free licenses, it's still in the kind of 5 to 8 million range. And so the mass of consumers has come to expect and is taking advantage of those freedoms and their ability to manipulate information and to some degree manipulate their experience of the web. So, you know, my answer to the first question I just asked is how far can free open go and be on software I think is far. I think that the values, the conceptual map that comes over for freedom have really infected society through the success of free software in the market. So my second question, what's next? Not necessarily so rosy. Let's look at 2009. Can't totally predict the future. Some things we're pretty sure are going to happen. Some things you can guess about. I guess there's a European election this year. We hope that Guantanamo Bay gets shut down. This is the international way of natural fibers, so happy to see everybody's wearing cotton, or most people are wearing cotton here in the room. And as a rumor, Smith's reunion tour, although it has been hard to confirm. But you can, it is there somewhere on the web as a rumor. And this is weird about that this is cut off because what it says at the bottom is 2009 I think, and I think it's almost impossible that this wouldn't happen, is that this is a big year for free software and mobile. It's certainly something that Mozilla is interested in, but it's something a lot of people have been working on for a long time and a lot of things happen in late 2008 or just over the last five weeks. So many things further. And I guess it's good that 2009 will probably be a big year for free software and mobile. I think there's a bigger, more epic battle that we're about to enter into around mobile that goes beyond just whether the software that runs on your phone is free. I have this lovely Android phone that I've come to like and it's great, but there's a lot of things about it that are still really, really closed. And those things that make up the mobile ecosystem that we're going to talk about in a second mean that we're essentially in a battle over whether the mobile space and especially mobile computing and the mobile web, mobile internet, become more like this telephone which has a single purpose, is incredibly prescribed, I can't hack or can't hack to do much, and certainly is not something that is sort of generative or encourages new kinds of creative, innovative uses versus the computer which has obviously done that. And so we have those two paradigms, I think fighting it out and ahead of us in terms of where mobile is heading, and given I guess I should have put some graphs up here that people have probably all seen about what mobile growth looks like in the world especially in emerging economies, but it's pretty clear like that's where the action is, right? Most people are going to access data, do their banking, all the kinds of things that we do on desktops through mobile. I don't think that's even debatable. It was probably a good thing to argue about over beer. So question is how can open win in this environment? How does the generative free computer hackable model win in mobile? And the thing is that there's a lot of different factors. So we probably got to figure out hardware and obviously open mocha is a leader in that space also in software but that has such a pretty device I had to use it as my hardware picture. We got to figure out free software which I think a lot of progress is being made and has been made on already in mobile. We got to figure out the web and this is the logo for Fennec which is the mobile Firefox product that's in alpha now. The thing about the web is it really easily or think about mobile in the way it really easily can go back to where computers were in the mid 80s where there are different applications written for each platform because the web sucks so badly on mobile. And we actually need to get to the point where the experience of mobile on the web is the same as the experience of mobile on the desktop and there's one unified web that moves across all of our devices and we're not there and that's not actually necessarily either in the interest of people who make popular mobile browsers like Apple on the iPhone nor is it necessarily where they're focused. They're focused on making a group of mobile apps and if you use all the kind of separate applications and not the web who cares, what we need to do is make sure there is one unified web across all platforms. Obviously the network needs to be open for mobile to be something that actually works in the way that we want it to work and for the telephone model not to emerge and the kind of net neutrality debates around throttling bit torrent are nothing compared to how nasty mobile providers are in terms of controlling what you do on their networks. So those are probably the obvious ones. The other things that the other three things I would think about is until we actually figure out what we mean by an open cloud and I'll talk about the Franklin Statement later figuring out what openness means in mobile is going to be impossible because there's no question like for me once I got this thing that talks to the cloud really nicely from Google that my computing has moved more into the cloud and there are problems with that and dangers with that and lots of things we haven't thought through and until we think those through and the technologies reflect that thinking open and mobile are not going to go together. Pricing is also a huge issue, right? The way that mobile carriers price network access basically limits certain kinds of applications whether that's bandwidth caps or just userious data charges or whatnot and the last thing that would need to be opened up is permissions, right? Here's a kind of everybody's seen these posters especially if you live in North America which is a hellhole for mobile of getting your locked contract phone unlocked and the fact that people get into contracts where their device actually the permission to do things with it like put in a different SIM card and it is controlled by a carrier and certainly is a huge barrier to kind of an open mobile ecosystem and failure at I don't know if somebody can probably explain how this works even with Android and certainly with the iPhone certain kinds of applications are difficult or impossible or illegal to run and so that's a lot of stuff to think about if we care about mobile being free and open and we care about the fact that that is the platform that billions of people in the world are going to experience digital life through and so I think we need to shape for and it's a kind of jargonese kind of thing is an open mobile ecosystem but doing that means looking at all those things and it's basically a spaghetti right? It's not that we can win on four of those things and still lose and so my sense is the foundations of thinking that through and thinking through what we want to do start with this conceptual map has gotten the world a long way but I guess the question is do we need more than that conceptual map to move across all of those things? I don't know that this conceptual map is going to help us figure out, maybe it will, how to disrupt the mobile companies and get rid of their pricing models I don't know certainly it's a part of the picture but I think as we look at that spaghetti we start to think about what's next and what else is on our conceptual map of the future so the answer as we move into trying to figure out this space is we don't know what extra goes on that conceptual map but somebody asked me the other day what does it look like for kind of free software open products to take 20% of market share in mobile in the same way that Microsoft has been able to do in web browsing I don't know I work with a lot of really smart people and Mozilla has hired some amazing people new people who know the mobile industry and I don't think we know what all the pressure points are to get past that closed spaghetti system and the important thing is to underscore I'm just using mobile as an example it's just the start we're moving into a place where there's going to be more forces trying to stop the progress that free software and free culture have had and figuring the matter is probably going to involve new pieces of the map you know examples or video where patents are clearly a part of the picture or where things are going in the cloud and so on so I think what we know at this point is partly what I'm kind of calling out for here is help and fellow map makers and through spaces like mobile we need better and in particular bigger maps, I don't know if people are familiar with this kind of old map there's dragons over here on the side of the sea where we don't know where things are we need to fill in that part of the map and know that those aren't dragons we need to move beyond that and we need bigger maps that go beyond the edges of what we can see right now so I think I'm doing okay on time so I'm going to go through my conclusion and I guess that the first thing to go back to my context is, you know, why does Mozilla care why is this guy from Mozilla up on the stage talking about the future and talking about mobile and talking about the four freedoms of where it's going to go and talking about maps and you know partly that's just because it's the kind of crap I'm interested in but partly it is because we've got this mission that 50 years from now and I don't know and I don't think most of people around me know fully what it looks like but I think we do have a set of values and want to refine and evolve those values that can get us those 50 years so we need a better map to do this there's a couple of things that I think are on that map and this is just me riffing and isn't any kind of thing that's been thought through with a lot of people one of them clearly we need strong values and already have them don't always agree in a group like this on exactly what they are but I think we agree much more than we do with the rest of the world and I think those values do need to go beyond just code we need to figure out a framework where we can test is that web service open is that carrier drives me nuts these carriers and all these mobile people organize things like the open mobile conference and it's all AT&T of these people who are like nasty nasty people who are closing everything down so how do you have a framework or you test whether what they're claiming they're doing is open or free and we don't have that in some of the terrain we're going in so I think we need to know what those values are how they map onto new spaces I think obviously continuing to build great free software is important but and I think in particular continuing to build great free software that people love to use is important it's important that impact of moving the market is something that continues because it impacts even the people who don't agree with us and I think a third thing which has happened really kind of naturally is to empower users more to control their own experience of computing and the web and all those kind of things let them hack more when you think about building software to the point where anyone can bend anything where really that distinction disappears a little bit more and I think that's happening naturally because I think the things that people who build free software like in terms of being able to control it are starting to naturally filter into the features that users get and that's a good thing so those are some pretty obvious things and I'll just kind of summarize what I said keep the flow of freedoms we want to make stuff that helps users hack, we want to keep building free software what else what can everybody here do those are pretty big conceptual things and I think the thing you can do is pick one piece of the map that interests you and go and start building it figure out where your future edge is in this space and for me it's pretty simple it comes from my days at the Shuttleworth Foundation I'm really interested in figuring out the edges of the map about how education and free software and open source connect and this is a meeting that happened yesterday there's Leslie all pixelated up there and a bunch of other cool folks talking about how we actually get participation in free software projects built into the curriculum of universities so I don't know what that map looks like I don't know exactly how that works but I personally want to push and actually this t-shirt says Cape Town declaration.org on the back that's something that I worked on with a bunch of people including Jimmy Wales when I was at Shuttleworth which tries to explain a little bit of the map in terms of where open education could go not so much in relation to free software and you can go and sign that declaration and this group of people could probably double the number of signatures so feel free to do so you know another one that I admire that I mentioned briefly earlier is this thing called the Franklin Street statement on freedom and network services and there's something that Bradley Coon and a bunch of other folks put together basically trying to ask the sort of question that I'm asking here is beyond the four freedoms we're talking about web services what's a framework we can use to say whether that thing is free and I think it could go even further than it has but I think it's a really good start to a piece of the map that's super, super critical if you haven't read that search for it now and go check it out and I think you can actually sign on to it but that's another example of a small thing you can do to start building out the map and I guess really the purpose of this talk was to kind of probe everybody here in terms of being fellow map makers saying what else is on your map what goes beyond what we're already doing and I guess the only real outcome and hope that I had for this talk is that that's something that people might take five minutes to talk about with each other over the course of the weekend and it might give you something good to argue about over beer and that's it that's all I got to say of course thanks to all the folks who gave me stuff for this so thanks happy to answer questions I didn't see the scary sign that I was worried about so I don't know how long we have for questions right there you can sit there where I'm looking at the people so we got five minutes for questions so questions about this stuff or Mozilla stuff I'm not in Unicode and where Mozilla doesn't know even recognize that those languages exist I don't know there's probably like 800 Mozilla people here who probably helped answer that question and I would love to know the answer to is there somebody who wants to answer that question from Mozilla oh sorry he doesn't have a microphone the question is how is Mozilla going to support character sets that aren't supported by Unicode languages that use character sets not supported by Unicode so I don't know if there's anybody from Mozilla who wants to answer that Seth or somebody pardon yeah so come to the Mozilla and Gandalf is happy to answer that question other questions that's easy no questions thanks


After months of investigating the misuse of city funds by the former executive director of Bemidji's Sanford Events Center, the Minnesota State Auditor's Office has released the results of its audit. Josh Peterson shows us how the city of Bemidji will use this information and move forward. Many months have passed since the Minnesota State Auditor's Office received a report from the city of Bemidji regarding the misuse of city funds by former venue works and Sanford Center Executive Director Curtis Webb. The audit looked at non-business related purchases during the period of January 1, 2013 to December 31 of 2016. We're reviewing and reconciling what venue works reported to us when we discovered this fraud and also what the state auditor has concluded. Compared to the internal review done by the Sanford Center's management company venue works, where nearly $165,000 was found misused, the state auditor's numbers are less, meaning the city of Bemidji will need to go back and compare notes. When it comes down to the state auditor's report, like I said, we got to try to reconcile their conclusions with what venue works concluded was was defrauded. This 33-page audit goes into great detail about the financial improprieties committed by the former Sanford Center Executive Director. It also goes on to make recommendations to the city of Bemidji so that this never happens again. How we move forward with this because we still have this relationship with how we are expending a city funds through this enterprise. Another question that still faces the city of Bemidji is when and if charges will be brought against Curtis Webb. This individual is caught and I'm confident that as the investigation proceeds criminally that justice will be brought forth against Mr. Webb. Despite the ongoing investigation, the city of Bemidji recently renewed its contract with venue works and says you can't hold an entire company responsible for one employee's actions. The actions of one individual that did this, not the inherent culture of a company. In Bemidji, Josh Peterson, Lakeland News. If you'd like to view the entire audit, we've posted a link on our website at lptv.org slash news. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Hey everybody, Dr. O here. In this video we're going to talk about muscle organization and how that impacts its function. So the muscle organization, the type of muscle or pattern you're seeing will affect the power, the range of motion, the speed of muscle movement in different muscles. So muscles are all going to be organized in these bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles and how they're arranged is actually how we classify muscles. So there are four patterns of fascicle organization that you can see right here. We'll go through each of them. Convergent, pennate, and circular. So let's start with the most common type. So most skeletal muscles are going to be called parallel muscles. All the fibers in the fascicle, they run parallel to the long axis of the muscle. So the example here, let's see, where we have the biceps brachii as an example of a parallel muscle and so is the sartorius there in the corner. So parallel muscles, they're nice because you get a lot of movement. When a parallel muscle contracts, the muscle moves about 30% of its length. It shortens about 30% of its length as it kind of thickens there in the middle. So you get a lot of movement from a parallel muscle. But as we'll see, it's not the strongest muscle type that we have. But tension in parallel muscle, how much weight you can move with a parallel muscle is going to depend on its cross-sectional area. So obviously if a muscle is bigger, it's generally going to be more powerful. One square inch of cross-sectional muscle will develop about 50 pounds of tension. So if somebody's bicep is twice as big as yours, it can generally generate a lot more force and move a lot more weight, same with all the muscle types. But especially with these parallel muscles. So that's your parallel muscles and the key example is going to be the biceps brachii there, but also you do see the sartorius. Then we have convergent muscles. So these are muscles where they start real broad and all the muscle fibers come from different directions to converge on an attachment site. Either a tendon and aponeurosis, which is like a flat sheet-like tendon, or a rave, which is a thin band of collagen, you don't hear about those very much. So convergent fibers have muscle fibers that aren't running in parallel, like parallel muscles, they're coming from different directions and they're converging on their attachment. Reason that's so important, and the textbook example here is the pectoralis major, is you'll see that there are pectoralis major fibers that run down, straight across, and up. So these type of muscles, or convergent muscles, are going to allow for all sorts of different types of movements. And this is why some muscles, you have to treat them like they're more than one muscle. So the pectoralis major talking about it as one muscle is totally fine.  You do things to strengthen the upper pec, the middle pec, and the lower pec, or upper and lower, especially the upper and lower pectoralis major, you treat them separately. Because the fibers run in different directions, different movements will strengthen different parts of convergent muscles, if you're trying to strengthen them. But it also allows the pectoralis major to do a whole lot more, because you've got muscle fibers running in different directions. All right, so those are convergent muscles, pectoralis major being the key example there. Then we have your pennate muscles. So pennate muscles, I always kind of think of like the, I don't know what you call it, the thing at the end of an arrow that where the feather on the end of an arrow. So pennate muscles, they form an angle with the tendon. So these, you're not going to get near as much range of motion from a pennate muscle as you will a parallel muscle. But because of their arrangement, you can cram more muscle fibers, more myofibril specifically, into a square inch. So they're going to develop more tension. So for parallel muscles, think more range of motion, more movement. Convergent muscles, they can allow for movements in multiple different directions because fibers are coming from different directions. But pennate muscles are going to be really powerful. They're going to be able to develop the most tension. So you'll see that pennate muscles can be further broken down into unipennate, bipennate, and multi-penate. So let's see, unipennate would be the excensurgitorum there. All the muscle fibers are on one side of the tendon. That's a unipennate muscle. Bipennate muscles, the example there would be the rectus femoris on the bottom, you're going to have muscle fibers on both sides of the tendon. And then multi-penate muscles, that's going to be your deltoid there. The tendons are actually going to branch within the muscle. So there's actually large tendons that are inside that delta that you cannot see. So that would be a multi-penate muscle. So remember the advantage of the pennate muscles would be the amount of force they can generate, the amount of tension they can generate. Then the last group is the circular muscles. See at the top there, the obicularis oris. These are also called sphincters. So they open and close and guard, and it's just to the body. So the obicularis oris can compress the lips, or obicularis oculi closes the eyes. So those are skeletal muscle sphincters. Most of our sphincters are going to be smooth muscle and involuntary, like the smooth muscles, the sphincters that allow stuff to move from the stomach into your small intestine, that kind of thing. All right, so those are the four different ways that we classify muscles based on fascicle organization and arrangement. I hope this helps. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.


Thank you. Good afternoon everybody. Thank you for this opportunity to be here. I'm going to be speaking On the topic of a defectiveness. Have we learned anything and I want to caveat that To begin with by just saying that of course this is only I'm only going to speak about a relatively small part of what is an enormous literature about foreign aid and the economics of foreign aid I'm going to really speak about four four things I'm going to briefly provide a definition about what we mean by a defectiveness Those of you in the room who are familiar with the literature will not be surprised about what I'm going to say But it's just to kind of clarify what we mean by a defectiveness I'm then going to speak briefly about some of the Disagreements that have emerged in the literature over the many years that there's debates going on about a defectiveness Thirdly I will speak about five Lessons that I think can be taken from the more recent literature with which wider in particular has been involved and and also myself that has My thesis being that we have actually learned something new from this recent spate of literature and then finally I will conclude with some brief implications So with that with that introductory comment So aid effectiveness research essentially Asks the question has foreign aid been effective in raising the welfare of Households individuals in recipient countries. So for that Reason we we typically start from the point of departure as at least as economists that there is some reasonably consistent mapping between higher income and higher welfare and that's why a Lot of the literature has and continues to focus on economic growth as a not the a Fundamental final performance metric of foreign aid. Of course, that is, you know There is significant debate about only concentrating on economic growth as a metric of performance But it is one of the most important ones in principle So of course, there's been a lot of disagreements and to draw on The old adage of Winston Churchill if you put two economists in a room you get two opinions and Particularly with foreign aid. You might even get three opinions Which is probably true today. So we know that economists have been divided for for generations Regarding the effectiveness of foreign aid and just to give you some some quotes here to give you a sense of Of this Billy's to Lee in 2005 Complained that spending two point three trillion dollars in aid of the past five decades has left some of the most aid-intensive Regions like Africa wallowing in continued stagnation. It's fair to say this approach has not been very successful and famously on the other side of the debate has been Jeffrey Sachs who in various Interventions has identified foreign aid as an important factor in the growth of many developing countries an example being his comment in 2009 without foreign aid Rwanda's path breaking public health successes and strong current economic growth would collapse and I Think as a result of the disagreement in the literature Many probably would conclude we haven't really learned a great deal from this kind of research To more recent contributions again from distinguished economists Would point to that Conclusion at least being prevalent in some circles for example Sebastian Edwards in 2014 writes Overall the results from this large body of research have been fragile and inconclusive Nancy Kean in a an a review article published in last year Again says the empirical literature on the impact of foreign aid is perhaps one of the most controversial ones in development And growth economics, but a large number of studies have emerged to dispute the positive effects of foreign aid So again the conclusion being we really haven't learned much and perhaps the positive effects studies aren't being Maintained in the recent literature Okay Why so much disagreement well at least there's from my perspective there's at least four reasons we continue to find Disagreement in the literature. The first is the ideological one, which I think we can all understand exists But is is is going to be persistent Secondly as Patrick mentioned in the introduction. There's the concern of endogeneity Aid is mostly given to poor countries. So there is of course on the face of it a relationship between Bad economic performance and receiving more aid and it's difficult to address this Thirdly perhaps less appreciated is there a long Chains running from the receipt of foreign aid to aggregate outcomes such as growth They're long in two senses First of all, there's lots of intermediate and multiple causal pathways involved Imagine the case of providing aid for instance that goes to the education sector. Well, that will perhaps Ideally provide more education to Children these children must then enter the workforce In hopefully higher quality or more productive jobs, which would then provide more growth So that that chain is long because it has many causal steps But it's also long in terms of time. It takes time for these effects to come out in in terms of aggregate outcomes The fourth difficulty that the aggregate aid effectiveness literature has faced is of course again as Patrick mentioned Measurement aid is not a homogeneous good so that Makes it very difficult to make claims about aid because aid may go for different objectives Aid is given by different donors and the objectives of donors have changed over time as we know. So this in addition to the difficulty of actually establishing how much aid a given country has received at any given Period of time makes it very difficult to to come to sensible answers So it's difficult How has the economics profession responded to these difficulties Well, I think we should be honest and say yes, it is very difficult to come to clean Answers about the causal effect of aggregate aid effectiveness. I notice here a typo It's the aid effectiveness effectiveness, which perhaps is a another question itself What's the effectiveness of the aid effectiveness literature, but that is a is a is a beside the point But I think we should also note that the difficulty of establishing a strong causal relationships at let's say the macroeconomic level is not unique to aid We only need to think of the discussion around immigration and labor market reform as being similar in the amount of controversy we've seen in the literature So what should we do as researchers about this? Well one response, which is you know arguably pretty popular these days is let's change the question Let's focus down on those narrow parts or components of aid effectiveness Where we can actually obtain rigorous identification of causal effects and a good example of this kind of literature would be a paper published in the AER Last year which looks at the effect of US food aid on on conflicts There's no doubt that this kind of research is is important and it will continue, but should we stop here? And I don't think we should to again borrow from Another distinguished Individual an approximate answer to the right question is worth a great deal more than a precise answer to the wrong question not to say that Many of these studies are asking the wrong question But we also need to be aware and at least attempt to answer some of these bigger questions because one of the dangers I believe that if we don't we run the risk of being exposed to either anecdotal style evidence or weakly supported generalizations from individual studies and I think as Stefan Durkon mentioned yesterday It's very easy for us to pick individual pieces of evidence that are going to support a pick a particular point of view so I Believe it is and it remains important to to undertake rigorous research trying to tackle these difficult big questions and the thesis that I will now get on to is I believe that the recent research has provided new and Reasonably consistent insights about aggregate aid effectiveness, and I just want to take you through what I think are perhaps five Main lessons from some of this research So the first one which may or may not be a surprise is that there seems to be an emerging consensus that aid has Enhanced growth and here. I I've just summarized a number of the recently published studies since 2008 And it's just summarizes the essentially the main the main estimates of the relationship between aid and growth and the column beta here provides you with regression coefficient estimates But what's important is that while there is admittedly you know a substantial Distribution of effects as one would it was one would find or expect to find in using different methods different data and so on we do come out at an approximate average effect which says roughly if you were to give a country around 10% of its aid in GDP over a long period of time I'll come back to that You might expect a growth dividend of about an additional one percentage point in growth over that period of time roughly speaking So this is where a Lot of recent studies seem to be pointing towards positive effects of growth of This kind of order of magnitude and it's notably that they're also in the same reasonable or roughly the same order of magnitude Secondly There seems to be a positive effect on other outcomes as well, which is nice to hear It's not just economic growth that seems to have been improving other outcomes which are consistent with a Reasonably logical causal change seem to be there for instance we have evidence of some reductions in the poverty headcount improvements in investment and increases in human capital schooling and And health outcomes Thirdly And I think this is important to stress that the positive effects of aid appear or at least appear in the data over longer time frames we need to Be observing these countries and be open to the possibility that it takes a long time for aid to emerge To have positive macroeconomic effects Some simulation evidence that I've been involved in using a very kind of simplified generally equilibrium economy Leads to the same conclusions. So if we simulate a Basic economy with a reasonable set of parameters. We also find the same conclusions. So it's it's consistent with with what we would expect Fourthly the magnitudes of the macroeconomic effects of aid are Moderate what moderate isn't necessarily the right word, but it's moderate relative to the expectations That some people have spoken That aid should should provide the idea that aid is going to dramatically and fundamentally improve performance of economies is Re is well at least of the magnitudes of aid is misplaced and we need to have realistic expectations of what aid can do so again The the same kind of simulation evidence points to an internal rate of return of Roughly 10% on average So the implication of this is that concessional Funding is important Many developing countries cannot raise commercial debt at rates which are significantly Below say around 10% Ghana I believe is now going back to the Euro bond market to try and refinance refinance some of its debt and is facing Quotations in excess of 9 to 10 percent So if your rate of return on average is only around 10 percent There is an important role for concessional long-term funding We shouldn't forget that and fifth human capital upgrading appears to be a very important channel through which aid improves growth and macroeconomic outcomes and again that relates back to the fact that we should take a long-term view rather than a short-term view Further information. I'd be happy to share links to the research to which I'm referencing here So finally, what are the implications of this? both For research and more generally Well, as I've already said, there is an emerging view of a consistent and positive effect of Aggregate aid and of course this is on average over time and I think Why has this new why has this consensus been emerging? Well, I think it reflects better data Certainly, we now have a much longer span of data than many of the earlier studies in the literature We now have 30 to 40 years of aid data in many countries and can suddenly well Not we can start seeing these effects emerging over time and also also the attention to the endogeneity of aid Although imperfect, of course at the aggregate level has been better And as I said, we do recognize and we should recognize that individual studies are fragile It is not difficult and there's you know There's any number of papers have been have been written saying well if we change some assumptions or restrict the data in certain ways We get different results. That is correct That's natural, but once we look at the body of the literature We do also get a more consistent Set of results and that's important We should also recognize that the what we might call the clean, but narrow or clean and narrow studies Are highlighting more and more, you know the complex and heterogeneous Effects of aid and this deserves greater scrutiny and perhaps there are policy lessons that we can take out of this At least to avoid the damaging effects of aid in given circumstances One of the areas that remains less Explored and there remains perhaps more debate now is regarding the institutional effect of aid it is still plausible that aid may improve growth and Perhaps damage institutions. We're not a hundred percent sure of that as yet And there's no doubt that in terms of where the literature is going aid effectiveness Can be improved and this is particularly in the area of donor behavior And and in terms of the the kind of international agreements and international context under which aid operates So I think there is a you know a whole range of Additional research that is that is important to continue in this area and with that I will conclude. Thank you very much