Welcome, I welcome you all to this lecture in the course Introduction to Paninian Grammar. We are studying the features of the meta language and we are also studying as an important part of it, the concept of it, the concept of a marker. We have seen that this ith or marker is very effectively used by Panini to form another technical term which is generically referred to as a pratyahara like ak, ach, hal, ik, yen, etc. This technical term allows Panini to describe linguistic phenomena, facts of object language related to certain sound set in a very concise manner. We have also seen how these pratyaharas are formed and the role of ith in it. Then as an important feature of the meta language of Panini which is different than the object language, we started studying the definition of ith provided by Panini himself in his astadhyayi. And mind you this is the beginning of any grammatical learning traditionally in the Paninian grammatical tradition, be it the Kavmudhi tradition or be it the Kashi ka tradition, it is these iths, the markers and the pratyaharas, they are taught right at the beginning. If you master this technique, if you know which sound coming at the end of an element is marked as ith by which sutra half the battle is won, that is the feeling a student gets after he studies these sutras and after he enters the grammar of Panini. So we have studied 1, 3, 2 which termed avaval which is also assigned the feature of nasality as ith. Then we also studied how consonants at the end of different verbal elements be it a nominal root, a pratipadika or a verbal root adhatu or a suffix a pratyayya or an augment an agama is termed as ith and we have seen examples which illustrate this particular point. We also saw the negation. So which sounds at the end of the verbal elements are not to be termed as ith and that in a very restricted, very limited domain namely vibhakti and the sound set which is not to be termed as ith is the varga, the thadadhana, sir and ma. These 7 sounds are not to be termed as ith when found at the end of the verbal elements namely the pratyayas, the vibhakti pratyayas. After seeing these two sutras we also summarized by saying that there should be an ekavakta that should be made of both these sutras and then we can get the meaning about the sutras, the meaning of the sutras dealing with the technical term ith. So now the topic, broad topic that we are dealing with is the markers in the metal language of Aninyan grammar and the consonant markers. These are the sutras which deal with which define the consonant markers and out of these we have already seen these two sutras. Now vibhakti uttas maha and halantyam. Now today we shall see these next sutras in which some other questions get addressed. For example, we raise these questions. Can the technical term ith be stated to consonants, other consonants at other positions, other than final? Is it possible to term a consonant ith which appears at the beginning of an element? And is it possible to term a cluster of vowel and consonant as ith? So let us study these questions in the light of these two sutras in detail. First we take up 1.3.5 for our study. 1.3.5 is adir yi tu da vaha adir yi tu da vaha. In this sutra there are two padas that are visible. One is adihi and the other one is yi tu da vaha yi tu da vaha. This is a very special character, special symbol and a special sound. This one, this is a nasal consonant in the cha class and to be pronounced as yin cha cha ja ja yin. So yi tu da vaha. Now adihi is one one of adi meaning initial and yi tu da vaha is 1 slash 3 of yi tu du. Yi tu du is a compound word made up of three components namely yi and tu and du yi tu du and this is 1 slash 3 of yi tu du yi tu da vaha. Now we have two words in 1 slash 3. The two words that continue from the previous sutra are upadeshe and ith. So now the meaning of this sutra is upadeshe adayaha yi tu da vaha ith saudnya sihu. In the initial enunciation yi tu and du at the beginning of a verbal element are termed ith. I repeat in the initial enunciation yi tu and du at the beginning of a verbal element are termed ith. So the next point is what is this yi tu and du? Let us study them one by one. So we observe that they are nothing but the clusters consonant plus vowel. So yi is made up of a consonant yin the fifth consonant in second row that is cha cha class and vowel yi. Both these together are termed as ith as a cluster yi. The element which has yi as ith in the initial position will be then called yi ith. An element which has yi as ith is called yi ith and this will qualify another verbal element which possesses this property. So for example if a verbal root has yi at the beginning. So this verbal root will be called ith, ith dhatuh and so on. And then this feature will be used to trigger certain grammatical operation for example 3.2.187. What is this? 3.2.187 is yi taha khtaha. What this sutra means is that add a suffix khtuh after a verbal root having yi ith in the sense of present tense. So khtuh is added in the sense of present tense after a verbal root which has yi as ith, yi cluster. Generally the suffix khtuh is added to a verbal root in the sense of past tense but the exceptions are treated by 3.2.187 notably the verbal roots which have yi at the beginning as ith. So the example is yi me da over here yi me da this is the verbal root and as you can observe yi as a cluster appears at the beginning of this verbal root. So this yi will be termed as ith and this a at the end is termed as ith by 1.3.2 and after we delete these two we get the verbal root mid and the suffix tuh is added to it and this khtuh will be termed as ith by 1.3.8 which we shall study later on and then it will be deleted and you will get the form tuh. So we will get mid plus tuh as the next step in the derivation. Further doing some more processing on this we will get the form minna, minna something which is getting anointed now in the present tense that will be the meaning of minna. So this tuh suffix will denote the present tense and not the past tense why because it has marker yi at the beginning and so yi tuh khtuh gets triggered and so we get this meaning derived from this word. Let us look at tuh as a ith. So tuh is also a cluster it is made up of consonant tuh and vowelu both these together are termed ith by 1.3.5. The element which has tuh as ith together in the initial position will be called tuh ith an element which has tuh as ith is called tuh ith and this will qualify another verbal element which possesses this property. So verbal root dhatu will be called twit, twit dhatu and then this feature will be used to trigger certain grammatical operation for example 3.3.89 which is twito athuch, twito athuch. What this sutra means is at the suffix athuch which has chur coming at the end as ith by of course 1.3.3. So the suffix that is visible in the object language is athu. So at the suffix athu after a verbal root having 2 ith in the sense of bhava that is state. Let us look at 3.389. 3.389 is twito athuch, twito athuch. The meaning of this sutra is at the suffix athuch in which chur coming at the end is termed as ith by 1.3.3. So the suffix that is visible in the object language is athu. So at the suffix athuch after a verbal root having 2 as ith in the sense of bhava that is a state. So for example we have a verbal root stated in the dhatupatha as 2-way proof company, 2-way proof company that is to tremble. So here is a verbal root 2-way proof at the beginning of which appears a cluster 2 and at the end appears root. This root will be termed ith by 1.3.2 because this is stated to be a nasal and coming to this beginning 2 it will be stated it will be termed an ith by 1.3.5 adiri 2 davaha. So this is 2. This is ith. When we delete both these markers we get the verbal root vape to tremble. Then we add 1-3 by 3.389 we add the suffix athuch. Then chhe is marked as ith and it is deleted. So we get the form vaipathu the state of trembling. Now let us look at ith coming at the beginning of a verbal element which is termed as ith by 1.3.5. Do is once again made up of a cluster consonant dha and vabalu. Both these together are termed as ith by this sutra 1.3.5. The element which has do as ith in the initial position will be called now dhvith an element which has do as ith. This will qualify another verbal element which possesses this particular property namely dhvith. So dhatu will be called dhvith dhvith dhatu and this feature will be used to trigger certain grammatical operation for example 3.388. So what is 3.388? 3.388 is dhvitah ktrihi dhvitah ktrihi. What this means is add the suffix ktrihi and khe becomes ith by 1.3.8 we shall study this later on. So the suffix that is visible in the object language is 3 only. So add the suffix ktrihi after a verbal root having dhu ith in the sense of bhava that is a state. The example is dhukroi dhukroi karani dhukroi means to do. So what is dhukroi? Dhukroi has two ith elements one at the beginning and one at the end. This end here which is a consonant will be termed ith by 1.3.3 halantyam. Now coming to this dhu this entire dhu will be termed ith by this 1.3.5 adhiri e2 dhu e2 davaha. So this root is called dhvitah. So the verbal root we get is kru after removing the markers the iths dhu and here. Now we add the suffix 3 which is triggered by this dhu by 3388 and so we get the stage kru plus 3. So we remove the marker k over here and we get kru plus 3. So we get the word krutri the state of doing and by applying 4 4 20 we add this ma immediately after this krutri and so we get the word krutri ma krutri ma krutri ma means something generated by the state of doing. So you have to do something to generate that means artificial something that is not natural not as it is krutri ma is artificial. This is how the word krutri ma gets generated because the verbal root kru is dhvit so you add the suffix 3 and so you add the other suffix ma to it. So these are the examples of e2 and dhu clusters coming at the beginning of the verbal elements. Let us summarize what we have studied so far. So 1.3.5 adhiri into davaha this sutra assigns the technical term ith to not an individual sound but to a cluster consonant plus vowel thus it becomes a unique sutra in this set as no other sutra does this. Each and every other sutra in this set assigns the technical term ith to only an individual sound. This is the only sutra in this set which terms a cluster and ith. However, there are some more clusters which are not explicitly assigned the term ith in the text of astadhyayi. Such clusters however are assumed to be known and are used in the sutras in the astadhyayi. For example, ir, ir is a cluster which is made up of vowel e and consonant r is term ith and this term ith to ir is never explicitly stated in the astadhyayi that is paninyan grammar. But it is assumed by the sutra irito va 3.157 in the astadhyayi. Now the later commentators had to fill in this gap by adding a statement ira ith saudnya vachya. The technical term ith should be assigned to this entire cluster ir in order to justify this mention of panini irito va. This is how sutra 1.3.5 assigns the technical term ith to these clusters. We have studied the examples which show how the ith term applied to yeet to and do functions that is what does it bring about, what sutra was what grammatical operations it triggers and the final forms derived by such sutras. Let us now proceed to study the next sutra in the set which also assigns the technical term ith to a particular consonant single consonant at the beginning of a verbal element. The sutra is 1.3.6 which is shah pratyayasya. This sound this is to be pronounced as shah and not to be confused with shah or sir shah or sir this is not that this is shah shah pratyayasya. There are two words in the sutra one is shah and the other one is pratyayasya. shah is 1 slash 1 and pratyayasya is 6 slash 1. shah is 1 slash 1 of shah shah together with vavila however this stands for the sound shah which is a consonant for the sake of convenience the sound shah is mentioned together with a but this entire symbol stands for only this consonant shah and pratyayasya is 6 slash 1 of the word pratyayasya that is a suffix. This 6 slash 1 has the same meaning as it has in the object language namely off. So, the words continued in the previous from the previous sutra are upadeshe which is in 7 slash 1 ith and adihi from the previous sutra. So, the meaning of this sutra is upadeshe pratyayasya adihi shah ith saudnyasyaat meaning thereby that the sound shah at the beginning of a pratyayah in the initial enunciation is termed ith the sound shah at the beginning of a pratyayah in the initial enunciation is termed ith. So, now shah in the initial position in the upadeshe but not each and every verbal element which has shah at the beginning is termed as ith it is only the pratyayah at the beginning of which shah appears and then it can be termed as ith that is all. So, the domain is very limited now. Let us look at the example where shah is marked as ith. The example is 4117 and the sutra is pracham shphas taddhithah pracham shphaha taddhithah pracham is 6 3 of prach is 1 1 of shphah and taddhithah is 1 1 of taddhith words continued are pratyayah from 311 from 413 and yaya that is 5 slash 1 from the previous sutra 4116. So, now the meaning of this 4117 is a suffix shphah is added after a word ending in suffix yain in the sense of feminine and this suffix is called taddhithah this suffix shphah is called taddhithah. So, let us look at the word derived by applying this sutra. We start the derivation with the word garghar the name of a particular person a sage we add the suffix yain to it by 41105 and then we get the word form garghar. Garghar means a descendant of garghar the suffix yain has here at the end which is termed ith by 1.3.3 and then it is deleted. So, garghar plus yain by 41105 then this yain is termed as ith and deleted. So, you get garghar plus yain then you then this yain triggers the operation where this initial vowel is lengthened by 72115. So, you get the form garghar plus yain that is the next step then because of this yain this final a gets deleted. So, you get now garghar plus yain by 6418148 and so you get the form garghar meaning a descendant of garghar. What happens to this now we add the suffix by 4117. So, you have garghar plus yain this sure now at the beginning of a pratyaya will be termed as ith by this sutra and then it will be deleted by tasyalopah. So, you get now garghar plus p. Then we add the feminine suffix nish in which which sure comes at the end here we will not apply this sutra why because even though sure is there and finally it is a marker but it is coming at the end of the pratyaya whereas this sutra is stating the term ith to sure which comes only at the beginning of a pratyaya like here here it is coming at the end. So, the sure will not get ith saudhnya because of this sutra it will become ith by 133. So, now by applying 712 we will replace this initial consonant fer by yain and so we will get garghar plus yain plus nish. Then this gna initial will be termed as ith by 138 and sure will be termed as ith by 133 and there will be deleted and finally you will get garghar plus yain plus e and by applying 64148 we will have garghar plus yain plus e. So, you will get garghar plus yain plus e by applying 842 and finally we will get the form garghar yain a female descendant of garghar. So, let us not go into the details of all these meanings which will be explained later on right now for us what is important is spher is a suffix is a pratyaya at the beginning of which appears sure which is termed as ith by this sutra and this triggers the operation namely addition of the suffix nish by 4141 shitt gauradi bhyascha in which which shitt is used because this suffix is shitt having sure as it therefore this nish is added. Let us summarize what we said about 4117 is that spher is a pratyaya sure occurs at its beginning and therefore is termed ith by 136 and is deleted by 139. This pratyaya is then called shitt which triggers the operation stated by 4141 namely shitt gauradi bhyascha this 4141 adds the suffix nish and we get the form garghar yain to summarize what we have said so far what we have studied so far we can say that 1.3.5 and 6 both assign the technical term ith to word initial elements 1.3.5 assigns the term to a cluster c plus v consonant plus vowel and 1.3.6 assigns the technical term ith to the sound sure individual sound sure both these elements then trigger the grammatical operation they are used by panini to trigger certain grammatical operations then we shall study the remaining 2 sutras in the coming lecture thank you for your attention


13 0 5 to play first half here's Ryan play fake to Davis pressure coming Matt now backs up. We'll loop it wide open pits Kyle fell down at the 20 back to his feet and then tackled by white at the 15 It was the Falcons fans. This is Falcons film review powered by Microsoft surface I am DJ Shockley and I'm gonna take you through about two or three plays of author Smith schemes I'm gonna look forward to next season, but just to show you some of the creativity some of the things that work this off-season This this season actually that propels them into the off-season So I'm gonna show you a couple plays that I thought were really well-designed and the Falcons Executed a high-level something that you falcons fans should be excited about going into next season because these are plays that are in Office Smith scheme that worked really well. Let's go back to this Jacksonville Jaguars game here And it starts with you got pits in the ballgame and it comes over in motion Now this is gonna be a little inside zone here, but what you like about it is he's creating the leverage already outside By bringing him across in motion. You have the leverage you want already You're gonna bring Keith Smith in motion, too But these guys do such a great job of combo and block and up into the next level combo block here You're gonna get up to the linebacker and now you got space on the outside and when Keith Smith comes over Because of this motion, he creates the leverage on this backside end And now you got a chance for a big play out the gate come across in motion now Here's the leverage you like here get up on this next level on the backer here Cal is already reaching blocking out here Look at all the guys seal blocking doing a good job of turning getting his body this way so that now you create a two-way Go on the outside for the back here So now he has a two-way go here or here You got one guy in the middle who can't be right and look at look at Jake blocking ten yards down the field Nice seal block here. Now you got a nice crease here These are staple plays inside the Office Smith scheme that allows you to be good and they have the run game You like and ultimately it comes up with a big 19-yard game These are the type of plays and schemes you should look forward to next year because these will always be a staple in the order Smith offense All right the next play when I'm talking about is what happens pre snap as opposed to what happens post snap and how quickly it He forces a defense to react on a particular play here. Look it looks like you got five wide You got five guys out in this lineup, but on snap here comes all the motion look at all the guys moving Creativity now just forces the defense to think fast and the other part about this is soon as the guys get lined up They're snapping the ball immediately. So look at all these guys out here talking Communicating they're trying to figure out who has who where you're gonna go But they snap the ball really quickly and now you're gonna have a play where you get Cow pits out on the edge here coming on this big over route Let's go back to the previous part of the play and how quickly it happens And as these guys are still talking look at these guys still talking still communicating trying to figure out Where the ball is gonna go and now you get a quick flat here You got a corner out here to stretch the field and because now you had cow pits in this nub set this corner The safety has to play off and now you get an easy access throw on the bootleg from Matt coming across nice job Seal blocking by Hearst and now you got another explosive play and another explosive game They're on first down the creativity from pre snap to post snap are things that are always being this scheme and always in This system and it's a reason why they were able to have some big explosive plays just like this one against the Cowboys Last part it is when you have different Personnels in the ball game you think certain things are happening for an offense Well in this offense anything can happen with anybody on the field this particular formation or personnel is 13 You got one back and three tight ends usually this tells you this is a heavy run set You don't think this is gonna be play action deep shot down the field with three tight ends in the ball game But again watch what happens pre snap You got motion with a tight end come across and then he's gonna come back across again And now you got all this action up front You got the tight end come across here You got the action from the back to come on the outside and then now Also, you have this tight split by cow pits at the bottom of the screen You got tight split at the top of the screen as well You're gonna get a clear out here across the top and then you're gonna have a big over route here Which created the space and these linebackers are worried about what's happening in the backfield So you got a lot of things happening at the point of attack at the line of scrimmage That's keeping the eyes in the backfield and now look at all the space now He's gonna clear this out against this safety out of the way These linebackers are already up because they saw action out the backfield And now you have three tight ends in the ball game and you have an explosive plate cow pits coming across You got hate and hurts on the flat your back is on the flat So a good distribution of the play here and the guys end up blocking it up really well And here is another big-time completion on the outside with three tight ends in the ball game You never know what's gonna happen This has been a fun season to watch Arthur Smith and his staff made it create some real fun and exciting plays for you Look forward to seeing more of these next season and more ways to get this offense rolling and scoring tons of points Well, thank you guys for joining me as always. It's been fun to bring your falcons film review powered by Microsoft Surface We'll see you next year


We invite you to enjoy life, life with Luigi, a new comedy show created by Cy Howard and starring that celebrated actor, Mr. J. Carol Ash with Alan Reed as the squally. Luigi Vasco left Italy to start his new life in America. He promised his mother that he would write and tell her about his adventures. So now let's read Luigi's letter as he writes to Mama Vasco in Italy. Mama Mia, is a many interesting things are here in America and one of the most interesting is the newspaper. Newspaper in America is a place where they got lots of big advertisements and a little pieces of the news are stuck in between. Newspaper here is coming at three sizes, a small, medium and a Sunday size which is used to hold up a shorter leg of a table. I remember Mama Mia when I'm a first to come to America, I'm a look around. But it's hard to see the people's faces. Everybody is reading a newspaper. First time I think is a wonderful thing how American people, they all interested in the news. I'm wondering what the Canada be so interested in. Situation in Russia, what's happened in China, United Nations conferences. Then I find out there is something even bigger than that. Dick Tracy. Mama Mia, over here seems like everybody is reading what they call the funny. So I'm going to read the funny's of truth. And what they see.  Old lady is a pushed into a cement mixer. Little girl is a looker for her uncle who got killed in Africa ten years ago. Mama Mia, things of which in America they put in the funny's. In Italy we put in the obituary column. Anyway, I'm a real American and I read the newspaper every day. But it's a funny thing. Paper on the by is a never changer headline. No matter how the weather is, nice, the bad, the cloudy, snow rain. On the top of my paper is all the way to say the same thing. Chicago sun. And the right to now I can use a plenty of sun because I'm a catch, a little cold. Maybe I should have go to sleep early and take a milk and a honey like you used to give me mama. But I'm in a lover with a my night to school class.  So I'm a go right to now. Tensions. I'll call the row now. Mr. Backo. Here. Mr. Harwick. Here. Mr. Olson. Here. Mr. Schultz. Mr. Schultz. Are you here? Peek-a-boo. Mr. Schultz, sit up on your seat. I see you. Oh, Mr. Backo. Yes, Mr. Spaulding. Do you remember about three weeks ago I asked you to speak to the Boy Scout troop in this neighborhood about the differences in health conditions in Italy and America? Yes, I remember. Well, the meeting has been set for seven o'clock tomorrow night and they'll be expecting you then. Well, I'm going to be very glad to give that speech, Mr. Spaulding, except for one thing. What's that? I've got a cold.  It don't look so hot to me. Mr. Backo, I think you look all right. What makes you think you have a cold? Well, I'm not to feel it so good and I've got a sniff. Uh-huh. Something's wrong with Luigi's sniffler. Hey, Luigi, maybe you have pneumonia. I don't know, Olson. I've never been a sucker before. Mr. Luigi couldn't have it. Before you can have pneumonia, you've got to have old pneumonia. Old pneumonia. Oh, Mr. Backo, I'm sure it's nothing serious. You'll be able to speak to the Boy Scout tomorrow night. Are you doing anything for the cold? Well, I'm going to try to cure it with all the remedy that my uncle Pietro is going to show me in Italy. I'm a filler stuck in it with a hot salt. Hot salt? Yes, and I'm aware of it around and around and around in my head for a half hour. Did you get any better? No worse. I got a sore arm. And the rest of the night, I'm going to try another uncle Pietro remedy. I'm going to sleep with a garlic bread under my pillow. What happened? This morning, nobody's to talk to me. Please, Mr. Spalding, what I can do to take care of my cold? Well, I'm sure those old-fashioned remedies won't help. But you should do something right away. A cold should be nipped in the bud. That's right, Luigi. Listen to me, Spalding. The best thing for a cold is a little nip. That is not what I meant, Mr. Schultz. Now, Mr. Backo, when you give your health talk tomorrow, you should use yourself as an example. Really, you can't cure a cold with old-fashioned methods, and modern medicine teaches us that very often when we get a cold, the best thing to do is to go out and get a shot. Mrs. Spalding, and nobody's are going to shoot at me. No, Mr. Backo, I meant a shot of penicillin. Your doctor will give it to you if you need it. Now, just get a good night's sleep, and I'm sure by tomorrow night you'll be in fine shape for your speech. Thank you, Mrs. Spalding. I'm going to be there tomorrow night. Luigi, I got a good remedy for you. You mix six quarts of hot water with a pound ebbs and voids. You're in there, Mr. Luigi. Soak your feet in it tonight. Soak your feet, my goodness! Well, what's the matter, Schultz? Last time I had the cold, I drank it. Well, I'm going to join you. Hello, Schultz. Oh, listen to me. I'm like a little baby. My breath is coming in sharp hands. Schultz, Schultz, I'm going to feel a little worried about going to a doctor. If I'm going to see a doctor, he's going to jump out of me with a needle. Luigi, smile!  Like we say in the delicadesan business, a coward dies a thousand times, but a brave man eats last week's potatoes all at once. Schultz! Schultz! I'm not going to understand the way I catch you, this is called. All the day long I'm a sinner in the house. I'm never going to sleep. Aha! That's your trouble, no fresh air. You've got to have fresh air, Luigi. Look at my cousin Wolfgang. No, for a year he was in the street. Day or night, plenty of fresh air, never had a cold. Always walking around in the street, winter and summer. How is he now, Schultz? Well, I ain't seen him, Luigi. Last week he found an apartment. Oh, the sneaky one, Luigi. As I look like I'm not going to be able to make that speech tomorrow. Hello, Mr. Basko, hello, Mr. Schultz. Oh, hello, Vandy. Hello, Sandy, how's your mama? Oh, she's feeling much better, Mr. Basko. Good. You won't have to take me to the movies again this Saturday. Oh, that's too bad. I'm ahead to Mr. Superman episode. Mr.   I'm a big boy scout. Tomorrow night at the meetings, they're going to make me a tenderfoot. Tenderfoot?  He's talking about his initiation. That's right, Mr. Schultz. Schultz, tomorrow night is a tenderfoot. They make him wear tight shoes. Gesundheit. What? Gesundheit. Schultz, so here's a speck of finer German. Well, the height is good, but the gesundheit is a little schwach. Hey, Mr. Basko, have you got a cold? No, oh, I'm a finer Sandy. I'm all the way the sneezer when it's a bigger wind than a straight. I'm all right. That's right, one good blow deserves another. Mr. Basko, I hope you can make that speech tomorrow night. If you don't come, the meeting will be yours, and I won't become a tenderfoot for another month. Oh, is that so? Well, don't worry, Sandy. I'm not going to be there. Oh, that's well, Mr. Basko. Well, goodbye. You go by Sandy.  Schultz, now I'm going to get the better. What am I going to do? Well, you ought to go see a doctor. Oh, I wish I could recommend you to my doctor. Why can't you? This week he's sick. What am I going to find a doctor? I'm going to have a doctor in America. But Luigi, go to a hospital. They cure everybody. The place is full of good doctors. Oh, no, Schultz. I don't go there. Why not?  Goodbye. Basko, that's a matter, Luigi. You're looking bad. Like you got a one-hand in the grave. Basko, that's a long story. I'm going to have a cold, and I'm going to spoil it, and say I'm going to be ready for speech tomorrow night.  Schultz is a doctor. He's sick. He's sending me to the hospital, but I don't go. I go home. Sure. She'll go to everybody, but you best friend to Pascuali who's bringing you here from the older country. And what's happening? Nothing. Why are you running around like a crazy plumber looking for a leak in the faucet when all the time you could come straight to the drip? You're so right to Pascuali. Nobody's a bigger drip than you are. It's a funny thing. When I'm saying it, it's a sound of difference. That's a sound of bad. Trouble with you is you're living too much alone. You need somebody to take care of you.  Pascuali, are you going to do all of this for me? No.  Pascuali, I'm not going to marry your rosa. She's a little fatter for me. No way. You call it 250 pounds of fat. Pascuali, you call it 250 pounds of skinny? You see? Even you ain't sure. Please, Pascuali, I'm not going to... It's a matter of which you look a bad. Oh, Luigi, look, it's not time for you to refuse to help, but you look like you're not going to help.  Pascuali. Tell me. Well, I've got experience in such a thing. Luigi, you got eye tritis. Pascuali, is that a bad? Terrible. Come here. Look through the window. You see those assigns? They're three blocks away. Read them to me. Pascuali, I can already do those assigns. Uh-huh. Just like I'm a talker. Sign us a trouble. Luigi, answer the telephone. Pascuali, what are you talking about? I'm a not-to-hear-no-ring. Oh, Luigi, you is. It's a ring and it's so loud. I'm going to take it to the telephone. Come here, Luigi.  But the pleasure...  Don't talk. Don't worry, Luigi. I'm going to take care of you. It's a special medicine for people who suffer so much. They suffer tires all. I'm going to stand the roses. She's going to get it for you. No, no. Don't talk.   That's a high blood pressure. Some people, they've got a blood in the feet. That's a low blood pressure. So you just sit there quiet to keep your blood in the middle where it's going to be nice and happy. All right, all right. Now I'm going to look at the thermometer. Let me see you. Luigi, I've got a bad news.  What quality? How much a fever I got? 99. Is that the bad? Terrible. One more point till you die. Life with Luigi continues in just a moment. But first, and now for the second act of Luigi Vasco's adventures in Chicago, we turn to page two of his letter to his mother in Italy. Today I'm supposed to make a speech on the difference between a health in Italy and in America.  I don't want to disappoint American Boy Scouts. And I want to make sure a little sandy as a foot is going to be penned. So I try very hard to get the better. But Squally, he's going to give me lots of advice but I'm going to think there's no health. He says, I got a cold and I'm going to bring it down in the fever. So now I'm sitting on a cake of ice by the open window with electric fan blowing into my face. This is supposed to bring my temperature down to normal. Fifty degrees. Squally has come in here a little while ago and he says, I'm a look of fine and my face is a full of color. But to my mummy, I'm a little worried. The color is a blue. I think he's getting too cold for me now even though he's going to make a Squally angry, I'm going to put on some underwear. Anyway... Luigi! Hello, Schwarz. Luigi, you silly! What are you doing? Get off the cake of ice! Turn off that fan closed the window and put on some clothes.  Because Squally is telling me if I do this, I'm going to get better. Oh, stop scheming, Squally.  Now I bet you're going to catch virus eggs. Virus eggs? Watch that, Schwarz. Everybody's catching that Luigi. That's a mysterious thickness. The doctors don't know where it comes from. They think maybe it's a germ. They're testing guinea pigs, rabbits, mouses. But I think I know where virus eggs come from. You do? It's simple. Virus eggs come from virus shake moves. I'm trying to cheer you up. Luigi, didn't you go to the half-biddle like I told you? No, Schwarz, I was afraid. Oh, stop that talk, Luigi.  You're going to get to a doctor. But, Schwarz, I'm afraid to get a shot.  Now come. We look in the paper for a doctor. All right. There's no doctor here. Here's something. Hickarks will spend us. Luigi, that wouldn't cure your cold. But when you are feeling low, it will hold you up. Schwarz, is there no doctor out of a tithe in the crepes? But let me see. Here's the sports page. There wouldn't be nothing there. Here's something, Luigi. In case of emergency, call Dr. T. V. Chone. Schwarz, let me see. Dr. T. V. Jones. Veterinarian. Schwarz, what does this mean, a veterinarian? Doctor Doctor, but treat weapons. He must have had a lot of experience.  But Schwarz, I'm afraid of what the doctor is going to do to me. All right, all right. I got the idea. Now you go to Dr. Chone, make him believe you're asking for somebody else. Then if you find that you're not afraid, tell him you are the patient. That's fine, Schwarz. I'm going to go right to now. The signer says, Dr. T. V. Jones, the vet. Well, he's a funny kind of doctor with a horse on a sign. I guess he wants to show he's a nice man. He's a love animal. Well, I'm going to go right in and I'll do like Schwarz just said. I want to say I'm the patient. All I say is somebody else. Dr. Jones? Yes, come right in, please. Doctor, I'm going to come to see you about somebody who's very close to me. Oh, I know just how you feel. He probably pulls your wagon every day. What? Tell me, this patient, is it a Philly? No, is it not that from a Philly, is it from a Chicago? You don't understand. Is it a cold? Oh, you smile at the doctor. Surely he's got a cold, all right? Very by the cold. Well, what makes you think he has a cold? Well, a doctor is fit. They feel a shake. All four? No, just the two. That's odd. This is a rather unusual case. How's he taking his food? Oh, his appetite is a good. Has he been eating his hay? Hay. He doesn't ever eat the hay. Uh, oats? He's never ate oats. Well, strange. What does he have for breakfast? I'll introduce two soft-boiled eggs and a cup of coffee. Soft-boiled eggs? How does he eat them? With a spoon? This is what I've got to see for myself. Where is the patient? Where's the doctor? Before you treat the patient. You tell him what you're going to do to cure him. The ordinary procedure? First we get him warmed up. How you do this? We run him around a mile track three or four times. And you'll be happy to know we never use a whip. I'm happy to know that. Then we wash him with a hose and rub him down with three or four gallons of liniments. Three or four gallons? Yeah, sometimes they don't like it. So we have a couple of heavy men sit on them to hold them down. Of course, when they try to run out, we hold on to them by the tail. By the tail? But this treatment's used only for colds. If we find they have a broken leg, we shoot them. Mamma mia, what's the kind of passion you've got? Only the finest. Why, I had one frisky fellow in here three months, really in bad shape. I gave him the treatment I just outlined to you. Last week he came in first at Santa Anita.  A little fella. Yeah, just a two-year-old. He was a wreck when I first saw him. Then I gave him some of my own specially prepared medicine. Now just take a look at his picture on my desk here and see the tremendous change. Mamma mia, now he's a horse. And I guarantee you all my patients will look exactly like that when I get through with them. So what do you think? Go buy it after that. Lady, I'd say the most astute for the story I ever heard. Just when I'm a star of thinking you've got a substance, always you make a liar out of me. Come here. I put a saddle out of you, my little excitation. Pusquale, don't make a fun of me. I know he's all of my fault. And listen to you. You even got a horse in your throat. Please, Pusquale, don't mention that word of horse. Well, I'm going to leave it now for that boy scout to meet you. Now you're not a move until I'm going to take your temperature. Pusquale.  That's all. Hello, Mr. Pusquale. Hello, Mr. Basto. I was looking for you. I thought maybe we'd go to the meeting together.  Can't you see I'm taking his temperature? Now let me see what it's to say. A hundred and a three degrees.  No, just a little warm. Hello, Sandy. Come on. We go to the meeting. You're staying right ahead. No, Pusquale. I promise you, Sandy, I'm not going to disappoint the boy scout. So come on, Sandy. All right. Wait, Luigi. I go with you. You might be talking in a faint, so I'm going to be there to hold you up. Thank you, Pusquale.  And so I'm going to finish my speech to you, nice to boy scouts, by telling you to watch who you have, and to take advantage of all of the wonderful and new discoveries in America that you've got in America.  Take it. Of course, if you've got a broken leg or something else, then they've got to shoot you. I make a mistake here. That's a horse of... I mean, that's the people of a different color.  I'm going to finish. Thank you. Thank you very much, Mr. Basko, for your inspirational talk. As Scoutmaster of Troop Number 49, may I say it's something we'll always remember. And I'll refreshments, everybody. Hey, Luigi, you make a pretty good speech. You surprised me. Thank you, Pusquale. Don't be afraid to take a shot, eh?   Oh, please, please, Pusquale, don't tell that. I'd do anything. Anything, Luigi? Pusquale, don't make me marry Russia. All right to my little man. I won't ask you to marry, Rosa. Thank you, Pusquale. Just to get engaged. For five minutes. For Pusquale, what if it's not to work out? Then I'm going to tell her the boyscouts. They may be laughing at you for the rest of your life.  Well, I don't know. All right, all right, Pusquale. I go back to the restaurant with you. Isn't that the necessary?  Rosa! Rosa! Rosa! Hey, Rosa, say hello to Luigi. Don't just stand there. You're new bridegroomers who want to hear you voice. Say something as soft and as sweet as Luigi. Attention, Scots, attention. I just learned something from our fellow trooper, Sandy. It's his first good deed at the new Tenderfoot, and he's told us something we should all know. It seems Mr. Basco kept his promise tonight by coming here and addressing us in spite of a great handicapped. He spoke to us with 103 degrees fever. Now that's a lesson in courage. Pusquale, before you make me feel very bad, now you see I'm a good thing about coming here. Well, I'm never going to your store, and I'm never going to see Rosa again. Mr. Basco, I want to thank you for coming here. I know that you're anxious to return home and get well, and our troop wants to help you. We have a volunteer who will act in the capacity of a nurse in true scout tradition until you return to health. Oh, thank you, Mr. Scout, the master. Is it going to be you? No. You, Sandy? No. Then which one of you is it going to be? Mr. Pusquale's daughter, Rosa. Back to the horses again. Hello, Mamma Mia. It's to take a speech and a little boy scout to teach you me more about the health than I've ever known before. Also, I'm a learner from boy scouts to be brave. But the Mamma Mia right now is a doctor here in my room, and yes, the Mamma Mia, your son, is going to get his first shot. Mamma Mia, I just got it, and I don't know how to tell her. However, of course, someone out there is going to be able to sit down for a while. But that's so much better than it to be sick. Well, is it getting late now? So, like the little Fiske boy say, it's time to retire, so I'm going to say goodnight to Mamma Mia.  Honorary boy scout, group of 49, Deli Limmigrant. Next week at the same time, over most of these stations, when Luigi Bosco writes another letter to his Mamma Bosco, describing his adventures in America. Life with Luigi is a Psy Howard production, and is written by Max Benhoff, Lou Berman and Psy Howard, and stars J. Carol Nash is Luigi Bosco, with Alan Reed as the scout. Music under the direction of Lynn Murray, Bob Keaton speaking.


heads Alex here from alexfugus.com and yes I found a way to boost my deep sleep up to 32% and also improve my cognitive function by 7.5% how did I do that with this? quality of mind It's a new topic that I've been experimenting with for the past five six weeks now You may have seen my reviews over alexfugus.com of the previous version of qualia This is the new improved 2.0 version of qualia. I was taking the caffeine-free version. I did it before and after comparison of my deep sleep using the aurora ring Before I was taking quality of mind my average deep sleep was one and a half hours Which is about 19% of my sleep after taking quality of mind for four weeks my deep sleep went up to two and a half hours and That was about 33% deep sleep score. It wasn't incredible. Seriously like my some my sleeps Some of my data on my sleep was like amazing. It was just perfect Textbook quality sleep you can see the images over at alexfugus.com if you don't believe me and the other thing I did I tested my Baseline cognitive function using a tool by Cognifit Research They do testing for various scientific studies and professional Experiments and yeah, my baseline before using this new topic was 587 I know that doesn't mean anything but the interesting data is After I figure so I started at 587 took quality of mind for four weeks and then redid those tests I did them a few times so I could get a good average My figures went up seven and a half percent and we know all the way up to 631 so it's pretty decent improvement in four weeks time. Remember that is like a laboratory professional standard test I had to pay to do those testing so What can I say? I'm going to continue taking this because one my sleep improved to my energy was so much better I whether that was from the bit of sleep or this I don't know But I don't care because it was better and three my cognitive ability, which was memory learning a hand-eye coordination Various tests they tested me for various functions. They test me for they all went up So pretty so with that a few other things. I want to mention. I had no energy crashes I used to have that with the old formula I know the ingredients have changed a bit. So no in an afternoon energy crashes No need for a sleep and stuff, which is a bit concerning with the other formula And I was taking the full dosage here. So that was good news You may have seen my first video on quality of mind where I had that fishy after taste turns out I had a bad batch. I got sent a new bottle new replacement Bottle of qualia didn't haven't had that issue at all. So that issue is gone Um, yeah, and there were no other side effects that I noticed Everything just went well. My energy was good. My sleep was good and the numbers don't like my cognitive function improved as well So if you have used quality of mind And have also noticed benefits Please let me know below because I'd love to you know See how other people go especially if you have an ordering and you're testing your sleep as well I'd love to see how you go with that if you don't haven't used quality of mind And you want to check it out? Click the link below and into discount code Fergus if you are gus. You'll see 15% on your order And you too will be able to do some testing of your own and then um, yeah Share your findings because I'd love to hear more if you want to read the full review including all the data I've just just given you now I head over to Alex Fergus calm And you'll see my article there on the quality of mind review If you enjoyed this give me a thumbs up be sure to subscribe for other videos like this And head over to Alex first calm because I got huge reviews over there. Peace


My son was always asking for different shows to watch on TV, so I thought it was no big deal when he asked me to put on SpongeBob SquarePants. Little did I know that the episode he had in mind, was going to haunt my thoughts for weeks to come. The episode my son had chosen was called, The Skinrotter. It had been aired only once, on Nicktoons, and was so extreme in its graphic violence and gore, that it had been taken off the air shortly after. I was horrified to see what was happening on screen. The poor yellow SpongeBob can terrorize a hideous sea creature, slowly tore apart the inhabitants of Bikini Bottom. It was like my own petrifying nightmare. My son was mesmerized by the mayhem he was watching, laughing as SpongeBob and his friends tried desperately to fight off the monster. I was so horrified that I almost grabbed the remote, and switched off the TV, but instead I took a deep breath, and pulled my son close to me. I explained to him that, although the special episode was entertaining, he needed to understand that he should not be exposed to such level of violence and fear. Furthermore, I reassured him that some of the things he had seen were just made for television, and did not align with our beliefs. After my son felt safe and secure in my arms, he thanked me and hugged me tightly. We went on to have a long and meaningful conversation about violence in television, and the responsibility of adults to protect children from its negative influence. Despite the horrors he had witnessed, I was relieved that my son had taken the time to think through the episode's deeper implications. He had heard my words and taken them to heart.


Thank you, Ivan. And thank you all for coming along this evening. I know you've had big days, and we will try to keep this a short, sharp presentation. The short part is I'm kind of a short guy, and the sharp part is going to come from the conversations that we hope to engage with you in the tables. As Ivan said, this room is set up and designed for group work. It is also nice to see students that I've taught over the years, and despite my just-off-the-boat accent in January, I will have been in New Zealand for 25 years, believe it or not. But we do speak American at home to preserve our culture. So we're going to talk about connectivity, which is something I've spent a fair amount of time, and as if we didn't need more press, the New Zealand Herald, if you didn't see it on the weekend, talked about smart machines. There's New Zealand ready for artificial intelligence. So that was a nice lead up to what we're going to talk about. I do want to just focus on a few things. One is smartphones and connective technologies, media, etc. Everyone's an expert in that area. It's not me for sure, but that is actually one of the areas I've done research on. So we'll talk a little bit about our research. I want to talk about artificial intelligence, and I want to talk a little bit about the Internet of Things. These have all been very popular topics in the press, and so in some ways I'm not going to tell you too much new, but I hope that we can maybe look at them from different perspectives, different angles, perhaps, and introduce some new thinking. And I hope, again, that in your conversations, you'll come away with some ah-has and some different perspectives. The other day I was giving a similar talk to my I now teach in our Business Masters program. It's taught in the MBA for a long time, but our Business Masters is a professional degree for international students and domestic students. Large classes, 100 students, again in this kind of work environment, and they're very good students, I have to say. And so, and I asked them at the beginning of the connectivity lecture what their relationship was like with their smartphones, and the first person put up her hand and said 100%. So, and then I said how many of you, and they pretty much were all in the 100% camp. So for a lot of people, and those digital natives, digital technology and phones, etc., is just the way things are done. And we've known for a long time that humans bond with technologies, that human adapt around technologies. The socio-technical field has been around since coal mines in Britain in the 50s. So we know a lot about technology. And nowadays we call that the socio-material school because, again, the merging of the device with our human wants and desires, etc., is getting closer and closer. And that, again, brings us to this notion of sensing technologies and artificial intelligence that comes along with the machine. We also think about keeping some distance between us and the technology, and we some of us might remember the concept of work-life boundaries. In Silicon Valley, at least, they talk about work-life integration. There's no pretense that we would separate these things. I'm not saying that we shouldn't try to keep the boundaries, but the boundaries are getting harder and harder to maintain, and it's certainly one of the new frontiers. And we have problems like this. Just the fact that we're handling screens all the time has been articulated. Again, in neuroscience there are some issues around just being around screens so much aside from whatever else they can do for us. What we know, too, is that in going back to the work environment, we know that a couple of things about these figures here, and I'm not going to present that many statistics or whatever, but the first point is that for most of us it's normalized. We consider information, heavy loads or information overload as part of work, almost. So it's a rare day, almost, when we think that we don't have lots of emails, lots of unanswered communication, etc. So that's one thing to notice. It's become quite normal. Another thing in Steve Barley's work here is interesting. They found that, and you might find this to be true, you run into someone, and their indicator for how busy or important they are is how many emails they have. So we use emails as a proxy as it were for busyness and hectic stress, lots of things. There are lots of things that we do that are not email, but email seems to symbolize how much is going on in our lives. Although the good news is the email's actually been in decline for a few years. So you might not notice it in your inboxes, but statistically worldwide, and again, there's a whole generation of digital natives who actually don't like email, and I'm not sure exactly what's going to happen. Eventually, they're not going to want to use it because it's not their preferred medium at all. And again, WhatsApp, WeChat, there are a lot of better platforms out there, believe it or not. So my colleagues and I started looking at this issue, and actually originally my first interest around the turn of the century was not connectivity at that point, but New Zealand's isolation from the world, as you might remember, the first .com bubble had come and gone, and we were a lot of hand-wringing about missing out on the technologies. And I was actually wondering that, realizing that even with the internet, which was there and World Wide Web, we could possibly be struggling with this idea of distance and isolation. So my first theorizing was around isolation, but one day after a seminar, one of my then students and now colleagues said, well, there are all, you know, isolations in New Zealand's problem, connectivity is everyone's issue, and that was a million-dollar moment, so that was a great switch. And so I looked at the more general issue around connectivity, but we were looking at some hypo-conditions of not having enough, but quickly, of course, you realize there's often too much connectivity. And in this model, we are concerned with what's the right amount, the requisite sufficient, and then this possible state of flow where things are about right. We have just enough information and not too much to work with. So one of the studies that I joined was a BlackBerry study. So of course, this was another phase where people were coming to terms with, and BlackBerry, of course, you remember, it didn't really do much, it didn't do video, the things it didn't do was a long list, but it did do email very well, and people were addicted to email and addicted to these devices, and they were very good devices. They sadly quit making them just a few weeks ago, so the era has now passed, but they were really cool devices. What we found, these were merchant bankers in France and Australia, and we found, as was mentioned, sort of categories or types, and you might see that, oh, I see, I'm kind of this person. So on the left you have the person who has those strong boundaries, those clear delineations, and maybe it's time, five o'clock, six o'clock in the evening, maybe it's devices, maybe it's just making those clear distinctions between work and non-work. On the far end, you did have the crackberry addicts and workaholism, and of course, the dysfunction of being always distracted, too driven by the devices, and then this kind of functional middle engagement where the device was doing its job, and people were able to communicate, but manage it somewhat, and more recently, we have a team that is quite global. There's a German entrepreneur that's based, the company's based in Singapore. The print, the programming is done in Hyderabad and Bangalore in India, and the intellectual, the academics are here in New Zealand, and what we've been doing now in the last two years is we've built an analytic engine that actually measures people's quantity and volume of emails, Facebook, and other social media, LinkedIn media, and we do this by actually counting their emails coming through, and then we survey them on their states or psychological states. It's quite an involved study, but it's been interesting, and our interest is to identify people's responses to media and to have a dashboard to feed it back to them, as well as understanding their relationship to our theory, so that's what we've been doing in this study. As was mentioned, in practice, the thing that we're trying to do is trying to understand how to optimize this connective flow and manage it so that we can have the attention necessary, and I often say, whether it's my students or to managers, if you're still having meetings where you're just pouring information on people, that's a huge waste of time, and my students frankly have taught me that time is, for some reason, more and more precious, more and more rare, and to waste their time by just giving them information is just that, I think. When humans are together, we should be in conversation, we should be making decisions, and we should be doing things that are much higher level than just reading off minutes or sharing information, and so I think that what we have to do is realize that in the connective moments, that may be not so bad if we're scanning emails or getting information that way or scouting around on the web, but when we're together, what do we do with that time? I think that's one of the things we have to find out how to do, and the other thing we found in these studies is that autonomy, the ability to be independent, is somewhat paradoxical, so Melissa Masmonian and colleagues have found that if you ask people who use heavy smartphone users, they actually feel quite liberated, they feel quite freed up because they can do things at their own timing and with freedom, and in actual fact, they're actually more wedded doing more work at the same time, so it's a paradox. They're actually more committed to work, they're doing emails while they're waiting for kids coming out of school, etc., so in some senses, they're working more with the sense of liberation and freedom is also there, so it is a paradoxical sort of state. Academics don't usually give simple rules, but why not? This is not our research, but what I've gleaned from just being around this area for a while and others who specialize in it. One is that in the brain science field, you probably have heard of this, that basically now people are advising you to get away from the screens a half hour, an hour, Sven Hansen, who's a resilience specialist, he's now saying two hours before bedtime. Now that's a big ask for most kids and most adults, frankly, but basically the point is if you can get away from the screens, and this is all screens, not just smartphones, so TVs, etc., and it has to do with the way our brain processes information and the part of the brain that gets involved when we're doing screen work. The cheater thing that I do, I've learned, is that if you read for as little as 15 or 20 minutes after watching TV or using screens, it actually brings the brain activity into the frontal cortex, and you're good. You should be able to sleep after that. The other thing is that in general, email is not just your problem, it's probably a collective problem. It's a problem of the people you're interacting with and those behaviors.  They can be broken, and the big corporations are the worst, at least in New Zealand. If I have participants and they tell me where they work and they say it's email, you'd be surprised how much of that's still going on. So you need to have a conversation about what is the right way to communicate with each other, and you can do it certainly in small teams. It takes a little more courage to do it at the corporate level, but something I think we can do. And again, if you ask the younger members of the team, they'll probably say, you know, they'll pick other media they'll want to use. So one thing too is that better technology does not actually contribute to hyperconnectivity, because one of our hypotheses was that the more the technology we have, the quicker, faster, better it would actually contribute to this state of hyperconnectivity, and surprisingly it doesn't. It does contribute to autonomy or agency or freedom of choice, which is a good thing. And so the biggest offset to hyperconnectivity is autonomy or choice of when and how I'm in touch with you, and technology actually doesn't complicate the picture. So one headline I guess would be if you've got too much email, don't blame your smartphone, it's other issues going on. The other sort of way is to look at it philosophically. And again, at all ages I think we need to think, well, what's my position on this?  So, and one book on this is Essentialism, which I'll turn to in a second. The other thing is to practice, simply practice if you're interested in it.  Again, there are a couple books that might be useful and easy reading. One is called Hamlet's Blackberry, which I'd recommend, and even though it sounds old, it's quite a good read. And also this book, Essentialism, is helpful if you really do worry about getting things done. And unlike most Getting Things Done books, like Time Management books, they have the refreshing approach of saying it's not about getting more done, it's about doing the main thing and doing less. And LinkedIn is a big subscriber to this. And you think about a company that's growing like crazy, they got a million things on, and mind you, they own the space, the enviability, but they're practicing this too, trying to do it. And one thing I do is when I have, I have an old fashion to do list. And I've just taken to, at the top of the page, whether it's a week or a fortnight or whatever, I write the main thing. Because sometimes I forget whether it's getting my course ready to be taught or doing, collecting data or whatever it is. That helps me remember, this is the main thing. Don't do all these little trivia things, do the main thing. And it helps me kind of stay on purpose. So that's the technology in our hands. Now let's think about work. What is human work? So we know, of course, about cognitive intelligence. This is what I'm sort of playing around with in terms of types of intelligence. And we know about that. We know about emotional intelligence. And it's important. I would suggest too that there's a body intelligence and being in touch in terms of physical resilience. And of course, we're aware of social intelligence, the idea of networks and the power of others to help us in various ways. But I think the new frontier here, and this kind of comes back to the Harold point, is how do we interact with these machines that are now around us, on us, at someday in us? How do we, as humans, relate even as machines get closer and closer to our understanding of the world? And again, there are all kinds of anecdotes. You've probably run into this. I remember the first time I used Apple Maps a few years ago. You remember it had some glitches. And I was driving from San Francisco out to visit one of my students who was at University of California, Merced. Now if you've ever been to Merced, California, it's way out in the San Joaquin Valley. It's basically really isolated out in farm country. So I'm driving and I'm following the maps, following the maps and it's a great day to drive in California. It's all going very well. Big highways, big cars and stuff. And the next thing you know, I keep following this map and I'm right in the middle of just irrigated cabbage farms for miles. I couldn't see anything else. And it says, you have arrived. I thought surely Merced is bigger than this. It's got to be bigger than this. And it was just dead wrong. And I had no way of knowing, but I was trusting it.  And we have students actually because our international students, one woman actually told me she couldn't get home. She got lost and couldn't get home because her battery died on her phone. I said, geez, in Auckland, she goes, yeah, everything in Auckland looks the same. I thought, well, I never thought of it that way. It looks very unique to me. But then, you know, I guess it all looks different to me. It all looked the same to her. And once the phone died, she couldn't get home. But that's how dependent we are becoming. So that's one sort of element of this. And the other side of this, of course, is that the machines are out to get us and take our jobs. And this, of course, is a big headline. If you haven't seen this headline this year, you haven't been reading the papers much. It's very popular. It's getting a lot of press all over the place. And if you want to know and impress your peers and coworkers, most of that, almost everything in those headlines comes from one of these two books and mostly the second machine age. I consider the second machine age to be the good to great for this decade. I always try to pick out the one business book that makes the biggest difference in the decade. And it would have to, I think, be this book. Because you've heard everything from the machines taking our jobs to the living wages in there, winter take all economics. There's a whole lot of those concepts that are wrapped up in this book. And it's a very good read. It's written by economists at MIT and they're very good at what they do. And they paint a good picture of this reality. So that's kind of where that automation 2.0 material is coming from. The other book is written by Nicholas Carr. And Nick is a journalist. He wrote a book called The Shallows, which is about brains and screens, et cetera. But if you're interested in aviation or flying, it's got a great little potted history of automated flight. And it's fascinating from the first people flying planes in the 20s out of the cockpit, which is kind of interesting. And tragically in that book, they talk about again the horrible mistakes that can be made with machines. When the airbus went down over the Atlantic a few years ago, now that they've done the analysis, they've worked it out that a few years ago, Boeing and airbus had choices to make around the technology. As you might imagine, no one's actually pulled a yoke and pulled a cable for many years, that all the controls in the plane have been digital and electronic for many years. But airbus took the yoke out of the pilot cockpit. And they have just a little tiny hand control thing on the console by the hand of the pilots. And when that plane got into trouble, one pilot very intuitively but very wrongly pulled the plane up and it stalled. And the analysis is that if any two pilots or three pilots in a cockpit would have seen the yoke going up like that, there's no way they would have tolerated. They would have known that was the wrong move. But they didn't see it. It was being done by hand or a finger out of sight. And there was no visual cue to the error. And there is this whole problem about pilots not being able to land planes as well as possible because, you know, a good airplane, they only really need to touch the controls two or three minutes on a whole trip to LA. There's not much that plane can do pretty much everything itself. But again, it's that question of how much then does the pilot do or need to do. The other scenario he works through very well if you're in health is the idea of diagnosis. And Watson in particular the IBM's machine.  And they've seen three and 20 years or maybe they've seen 20. Watson has seen every case ever published. Watson has seen a million cases of your knee or your ankle or your problem.  Now who are you going to go with? So this is one issue and then there's electronic medical records, etc. So these are some of the frontier sort of questions and issues. I was talking to some nurses not long ago at the med school and I said the baby boomers in particular are going to be totally into this because we're going to be basically using our iPads for medicine right up to the point where it's all over. We're just going to for those last couple minutes we're going to want some good human bedside manner because we've given up finally on Google and taking in information that way. And I think that that's a frontier for those professions. So just to review, automation 1.0 is about machines making stuff and taking jobs away from people who used to bang and clang things around. Automation 2.0 is a different sort of angle to it and this is why the concern and the headlines are such compelling reading is that these are possibly the middle jobs, the white collar jobs that are not coming back. One example is that you know we meant in this very building thousands and thousands of B comms with accounting, B comm accountants. We need a couple take them take a couple tonight. In one year the dean told me we went from one of the local firms in one year took about 63 B comm accountants. The next year they took about 40 graduates, a third less and only half of those were accountants. So they took 20 say 20 less, a third less overall and only one third in total of the accountants. Why? Because they didn't need accountants. They needed consultants and other things so they hired arts majors and engineers, et cetera, the kind of folks you hire for consulting. Now that's just one firm but that's one year and if you're in the professional services you will be feeling some of this pressure. Law is the other way. Now you can also say maybe we had too many lawyers anyway. Lots of American jokes about lawyers but in actual fact the law profession is the same way. Machines can scan and do a lot of pre-legal work. You simply need a high level advisor at the very high end and so there's still some work around. Well actually from what I've read in my MBA projects banks are automating as fast as they can too. In fact nice segue. Here's the head of the Commonwealth Bank saying as much just this year because again at certain levels in banking and if you think about it I mean there's concern about losing bricks and mortar banks and I grew up in a tiny town and we had a little bank and they still do for 350 people. I don't know how they do it but on the other hand my Kiwi Bank app is about as good and you know all the apps are actually as good as most hometown bankers. It's much more handy, it's quick, it tells me most of the information I need. It's incredible. So why do you need bankers and lawyers and accountants? One of the things again that the authors of the second machine age talk about as they give this idea that one of the things about AI or machine intelligence is that a lot of these things have been developing gradually over a long time but there's sort of a tipping point for example self-driving cars another great topic of great discussion but five years ago people would still probably in this room said Nat will never happen and then suddenly everyone's starting to take it seriously so it does come along quickly at times but this is the slide so take note if you do a non-routine cognitive job which is what probably most of you do or many of us do interesting exciting the intuitive or the nuanced sort of work your job growth this is job growth in the U.S. that's good if you do non-routine manual so if you're a barista or chef or gardener you're probably seeing job growth, carpentry etc but if you have a routine job that's either manual or cognitive this is where the threat of job losses happen so again comes to the point that automation that we can take routine out of manual sort of activities automation where we can take what was used to be intellectual sort of work cognitive work is on the decline so the question is are we creating enough these jobs we're not going to take on tackle that question tonight but I think it is something we need to be thinking about and again something something of the concerns we're seeing one of the things this comes from the economist who summarized quite a lot of this summarized it well this year is that no matter what happens and we as educators understand that going back to those accountants who didn't get hired or the accountants that did get hired we have to accept that these changes are rapid enough that we have to understand and be able to switch jobs in our careers more rapidly and going back to my time as an outward bound instructor I was thrilled to see them say that the other thing we know it of our best graduates it's grit, tenacity, perseverance, it's all those human qualities that we want to build into our students and into your workers etc so these are the enduring human characteristics that we all still need if we're going forward and now I want to just leave you with something that you may not have seen or may have seen it is local information it's right up the street here but it gives a good idea of where artificial intelligence might get us to pretty extraordinary stuff and when Mark did his he presented this at TEDx in Auckland a few years ago and when the audience first got the sort of the feel this little baby and they were so impressed they started to applaud loudly and the baby was frightened and then instantly people stopped applauding and the baby was fine so it was quite an you know an interactive moment with us and the machine so we will see more of this and again tremendous stuff is in the centre for bioengineering on the street now I want to talk a little bit about the third thing so we've talked a little about you and your devices talked about us and machines and I want to talk about everything else the internet of things so we've thought about the internet and the worldwide web for many years as a social thing basically it connects people and that's kind of thing I think how most of us see it but in actual fact we're kind of disappearing from this world too so there's an whole internet now of things always has been but this is another thing we're thinking about one implication of that is a quantified self so the Fitbit movement we're starting to take measures of things around us and other sensing devices that are around us and starting to feed into our world and what will be possible with these again is almost limitless as we start to move into that the other thing we're starting to see is an application a business application is taking these data and gamifying it so for example this is I think a real application where an insurance company gives you an app you drive around it's able to sense what you do in your car speeds quick braking etc that gives it data to then feed back to the insurance company to reduce your rates if you do well or up your rates presumably cancel your policy I guess if you don't do well and the idea that it's gamified meaning it takes basically pretty banal boring data but makes it more interesting because of the app interface etc and we'll be seeing a lot more of that I believe too in the future but the internet of things just a few numbers here again only one percent of the worlds things are connected but in recently when the new IP addresses came out there are 340 trillion trillion trillion IP addresses so that every toaster every car wheel everything made basically can have an IP address so that we are anticipating the connection of things big time 11.1 trillion dollars per year of economic impact by 2025 and you know this figure was created by consultants because there's a 0.1 at the end of it and also only about a 1% of the data produced at the moment are currently used so again there's massive amounts of of room for analytics and when we're doing our email analytic thing we have the partners in Bangalore as I said but we also have this new partner in the states and I went there and they were just this just sort of this big company 500 people and I said what do you guys do and they said we handle 6 billion emails a day and there's only five people in this company that can read them but they're just completely analyzing emails not that they've sent but from just emails that are out there so if Amazon sends you a package they're analyzing what you've done with it what was in it etc and completely legal completely free and then they sell it back to various parties so the analytics game is big time this was done as a summary of industry so again we're seeing that obviously in some industries there's quicker uptake and again your industry might be a leader in this area or following but again it's going to hit different industries but what you will notice is the overall growth in just the five-year span and things like agriculture for example are actually quite leading up to the farm gate agriculture you know it's it's measuring all sorts of things and tractors and things that drive drive down rows they do a lot in that field as well as obviously the health field etc shipping etc coming back to health there's an awful lot now of data available for people and again if you start taking that into our own use recently a friend in our neighborhood passed away of cancer and it was tragic and but when the it was a very unique kind of cancer and when she passed the doctors here at the Auckland hospital said that her husband was the foremost expert in the country on that disease they did there's no way they knew as much about that disease as him he just made it his project as you would he was very dedicated to her and to understanding it and when she died he knew more about that disease and anyone in New Zealand so that reverses things that we normally take for granted quite a lot now that isn't the internet of things but that's just the internet of information and what's possible there I did want to leave you some depressing news though so and this might may or may not after what we've been talking about may not be that tough so anyway a few things to think about going forward one is that things probably will not always go right and maybe this is what we're talking about we're as fast as we're changing and evolving and getting new stuff and great stuff there are going to be problems with this so there are problems both infrastructure security level etc and so things are not always going to go right a couple examples if you haven't read it again great summer reading this is both one of the most frightening one of the best written books you've ever read but one of the most frightening accounts of machines going completely berserk but I'd highly recommend it's from the same author who wrote The Big Short and it basically roars along like that it will make you very nervous about bankers and very nervous about some of the technologies we've been talking about security as we know is a big issue we're now realizing my IT friends say that you know the companies it's not a question of if companies will be hacked it's when and companies are being hacked that we don't hear about the news because they're very good at covering it up and so there's a lot of security issues as well as us giving over our private information about trout as we move around through the through life the other thing that kind of is important to think about in the economic space and I'm not an economist and should be have a little bit bigger font here if we think about some of font here if we think about some of these players and this again is a phrase from the second machine age the idea that in some economies or some sectors of the economy it basically gets rolled up to one or two players and sometimes just one player so we have this winner take all economics where everyone tries and everyone tries and one day you own everything and one example of that is some of these are good examples locally another example is in in some sectors in the U.S. the some localities like Seattle Amazon is now delivering groceries so you think about well how can a bookstore basically sell you bring you groceries but think of it the other way what will Amazon not know about you if they know what you read they know what you buy at Christmas and they sell you groceries every day of the week or every week I mean think of the information and the you know the kind of consolidation and last year at Christmas the only retailer that actually made money in the U.S. was Amazon so you have this kind of winner take all thing I just want to just end up with a few hopeful slides this is this is a picture taken at Taupacky Primary School now this is actually it's hopeful but it's all a little bit scary too this is a very simple country school out west not a rich school of any sort but I was taken there because it's unbelievable they're on because of this principle they're on their third generation of 3d printer they find they're so much cheaper and so much better they're and they taught the maintenance guy to look after the 3d printers this was a glove that was it had these old-fashioned sewing machines when I was in school that's what we had these girls had sewing machines they were making analog gloves but the project was about safety so the little eight-year-olds had programmed these led lights that's what you're seeing there to have different you know designs and do different things they're really interested in that and they were taught by the 11-year-olds how to program so the thing is it's scary about this in 10 years those kids are going to be in these seats and what are we going to do to stretch them and challenge them and to understand the world they've they've come up through and to give them suitable additional skills that's the scary part for me it might not be your worry but anyway that's something else to think about some other good news is that I do believe that as a social sort of beings we will start to legitimize being offline or off grid or whatever and I think that will be something that will evolve to where you don't have to apologize for taking a weekend away from your cell phone or something and people kind of naturally do this but the other reminder I think in a world that quickly gets curated and commented on and posted is to not forget to live in the world that we're living right here and now because life still only happens once no matter how fast your data stream is so with that I'd like to thank you and appreciate your comments and your suggestions and your sharing back with each other short and sharp


What is up you guys so as you guys can see by the title of this video today We're gonna be playing several cartoon cat games because I feel like I haven't really came across this cartoon Can't guy and the roblox carry elevator or any other scary game So I've had enough. I'm finally gonna chase after this guy And I'm gonna go after him in every single cartoon cat game and Roblox Well, I'm gonna try to go after him in every cartoon cat game in Roblox And if you guys are new to the channel make sure to subscribe and turn that notification bell and make sure to slap the like All right, so let's begin with our first cartoon cat game, which is cartoon cat and killers All right, and let's begin with our first game. Oh my god shift speed cartoon cat and killers are born Dude look at cartoon cat right there. Why does he look like that? Oh and happy happy. Oh, yeah. Oh Dude, they just shot me Come on. Oh My god, look at cartoon cat right here. Why does he look like that? He looks like a moose It doesn't even look like a cat or anything. Hey, mr. Krabs with the shotgun. All right, so I'm about this killer pass So let's be happy happy. Hey, hey, you're the one that shot me earlier. Take that man There you go. That is revenge at its finest. Okay, so let's go dude siren head is over there.  What is Baldy's bus doing out here in the middle of nowhere? Oh, I saw red light right there. That might be cartoon cat himself. Let's go figure out. Hey, what's up, man? Look at his hair All right, let's begin with this. Where do we even go to begin with dude, okay? We are being followed by a killer As you can see his light is right there Let's go check this out. Oh Oh my god, no, that's a cool console. I forgot his name, but he is also a killer. Oh My god, I think I think I see cartoon cat behind here. Oh, it is cartoon cat. Oh my god It's and I just died. Oh, dude. That was a buff cartoon cat. I've never seen the buff cartoon cat before I Really want to go check out that school bus But a siren head is camping it as you can see I'll stop shooting me man. We're on the same team. Oh My god, who can is right here? Oh? Why did he walk like that? Oh Gosh, okay, we can't even kill the killers and I keep getting shot at for no reason. Oh My god, and I'll be chased by cartoon cat right now. No Dude, it's impossible to try to escape these killers because you didn't even have a speedcoy or anything And they run quite as fast as we do look at the poor dolls getting chased That's what you get man for shooting me earlier. All right, so let's go check out the school bus over here No, why are you shooting me? Like I am not the killer. I Haven't tried to survive out here.  Oh No, dude cartoon cat is still chasing. Oh, dude. She got flung Look at her body. It's like bouncing over there. All right with every man. Let's go check out the school bus Hey Can we go in here? Oh, we can Well, there's somebody in here. What's up, mister? He's trying to survive out here. All right all aboard The baldy bus and I just got shot. You know what I'm time to get his shot Let's move on to the second game. All right, and we are and our next game is cartoon cat survival arena 3d All right, so here we go. We have spawned in into this game It's first person as we can see I like how you can see my dinosaur my raptor Right. Oh look my god. There's a lot of bloodier dude cartoon cat is on the TV That is literally cartoon cat right there because he is cartoony. Okay. Oh Yo, what happened to my boy right here, man Rest in peace just get in some boy. All right. Let's keep on moving man Let's go try to look for a cartoon cat He has to be roaming around some here. Oh look come see the new design cartoon cat Oh, I just saw I just heard someone get their neck snapped or something. He must be over here Okay, where's yet? Oh, there he is Wait, where is yet? Is he inside of the RV? Dude, he's inside the camper Hey My god cartoon cat is very serious here. We got a head back to this music. Hey, what are you doing in there? Look at his face Looks kind of derpy. All right. Um, I don't know how he got trapped in here How do you get him out of there? I want to get him out of there guys. I wanted to chase us. Oh My god, he's still killing people in there All right So I rejoined the new server because cartoon cat was stuck inside the camper and now he isn't in this server So that's pretty cool. Oh my god. Oh, he is fast. No. Oh my god. He's coming after us. Yes Go after the spiky hair guy Oh my god, right? So why does legs like like toothpicks? Oh, I have no idea, but he is very quick So we got to be careful with them camera. Oh, you can find cameras here.  So let's go look around the map because as we can see it's a pretty giant map It's not just one location They should have put it They should have added like three cartoon cats here to make it crazy. Okay, so this is the parking lot we saw on the map What else is there to this? What is this a filing room? Oh, look, what is that? Oh the security camera? Oh my god. Yo There's a body right there All right, uh, that is pretty gory man. Let's go check that out. Let's see if we find that room somewhere over here But let's most importantly. Hey look creeper. Let's go back to cartoon cat What is that? Is that like a body part? I think it was Oh, dude, this guy is all over the map Hey That's some pretty cool music.  Oh, like this is a room with a body dude. It's just a torso. Oh My god I'm trying to get away from this guy, but he just appears anywhere. We go Oh my god, I was way too close All right. Oh, I can't run look at the creeper Oh gosh All right. Yes. Yes. Come see the new design. Oh, what is this character design head torso arms legs Pretty simple how to make the character more realistic black magic. Oh my god. Okay complete canceled projects What does that even mean? Oh my god? Dude, it's like a mosh pit with cartoon cat here and we just got right by cartoon cat All right, so I've had enough of this cartoon cat So let's go towards our third game and now we move on to cartoon cat nightmare edition My god, what can this be kind of sounds like it might be like a piggy game of cartoon cat Teleport failed. Okay, whatever Okay, what is oh my god, yo That is super creepy cartoon cat nightmare edition. All right That might be like the scariest model cartoon cat that I've seen so far as of today Dude, he's already dead My god, it's so dark out here Okay, so I think cartoon cat might be actually lurking around like there's a no am I really scary Who am I? I don't know. Who are you man?   He's chasing the other person. I saw a note right here. No He's right on us. All right, let's read this. Is this a nightmare? I believe this is a nightmare. Oh My god, this is so creepy guys Okay, let's try it. Let's actually let's go up to him. Yo, look at his teeth. They're all sharp Oh, and we just died. Okay, so it's basically just like I don't know I want to say it's like a piggy game, but you don't really have to escape It's just cartoon cat out here being scary All right, that thing is super loud Dude, he's right here.  That's pretty awesome, man Okay, only there's an outside area. Oh This is a door. I wonder if there's a way to get out of this place And maybe this is just the whole game Am I really angry if you're talking about you cartoon cat? I think you are angry someone help. Oh somebody's in danger Come on girly. Oh, no, he just popped out of the corner and my head got playing out of the map. Oh man Right, so that's pretty much into the game. That's so creepy. I mean, it's pretty creative and uh, I like how he added And they're just creeping behind the door But I mean that's pretty much into the game There's not really much anything else you can do besides run by your life with cartoon cat chasing you behind.  No, how's it how am I dying? Okay, we lost the guy. Oh dude, you can see him through the windows That is pretty cool. All right, so that's pretty much for this game I mean, there's no much else to it pretty simple, but I mean, it's pretty arm and I it's pretty arm I said arm because I'm missing an arm. All right, so let's move on to our next game All right, and we have joined call to the cryptids and man, they really changed this game up as I can see Oh my god, there's that demonic angel thing. Dude cartoon cat is right there He's trying to get that poor people the poor people in the house And we can also hear siren head somewhere off in the distance. Oh He's down there. All right first. Let's deal with cartoon cat right here My god, yo, he looks scary Yo Look over here. Oh, he just knocked me Dude, he won't stop trying to chase those people. Oh, there you go. Oh my god. Look at his face Yo, that's to be the second creepiest one I don't know man the previous game and this cartoon cat have to be the creepiest one so far Oh, I'm getting attacked by that demonic angel thing. Oh my god.  Oh Dude, he's like holding on to me Yo, he like held on to me and he wouldn't let go What in the world? Oh look, there's a T-Rex in there in the forest out here be careful with them guys Right so as you can see this game is way different I mean, this is the call of the crypt is right the one the story version of cartoon. I have siren head. I Believe it is but it is so different now and there's not only cartoon head and cartoon cat and siren head guys There's other killers roaming around of Trevor Henderson's creations. I believe okay, so I hear the siren off over here My god, the creepers behind us watch out for the creeper. Oh, man All right. Yep. There he is. Oh Cartoon cats over here. Oh, no, that's not cartoon cat. That's that evil flying thing Where is cartoon cat? I? Mean siren head is right here. Oh my god. Yo, that is so awesome. Oh Yo, he has two people in his hands.  I was trying to look for this guy and he just creeped up behind me Oh my god for guy I just bought give me a break. Oh my god. What is that thing? Why is it always me I'm always getting attacked by the ugly creatures. Oh my god There you go. Thank you go after that poor fella Okay, that gives me some time. Oh my god. Yo, that is the seal or the worm. Whatever it is. Oh my god That thing is so creepy No, what in the world have I got it myself into? This is pure insanity man. Oh gosh All right, so so far we saw like four different killers in this map. Oh Look, can you open this? No, you can't great. It's just a line like the cake Everything is a lie like the cake guys never believe in everything Okay, let's go over here. I mean, where else can we go besides this forest? There's not much to go besides the forest. Oh, man. No, there's a flying thingy. Oh my god No, the cartoon cat. Yes, go for the other guy. Thank you so much All right, you guys. Well, this was cart scary cartoon cat games and Roblox I'll try to leave the link for you guys so you guys can check them out for yourself Oh my god, this guy is creeping up on me. That is so creepy Well, if you guys enjoyed the video make sure to snap the like button If you're new to the channel make sure to subscribe and turn that notification bell on and I will see you guys in the next one NEXT