then we'll proceed from there and see what else we can learn. All right, so we said that one of the greatest miracles in the ministry of Jesus had taken place and yet, you know, there were some who believed but then the others were skeptical. We particularly see the Pharisees continuing with their old attitude. What is that attitude? They are worried about themselves and their earthly life. And at that point we are told that there is a Caiaphas who is the High Priest who was the High Priest under Pontius Pilate. He was the High Priest and it's not like it says that High Priest that year but that doesn't mean that High Priest were being changed every year but it's just that he was the High Priest at that time and they kind of wanted some solution to get rid of this Jesus and Caiaphas gives an option. He says, look, usually what happens is there is someone among the prisoners who is said, you know, somebody who is, okay, just hold on, I'll say it in the words that I've given here. Yeah, it is expedient for us that one man should die, sorry, not to set them free but one man should die for the people and that the whole nation should not perish. So what Caiaphas is saying, you see, look, there is a tradition that we follow where one man is put to death. So he is trying to point out and say that how about we do something to catch this Jesus and because we have this option, maybe we can have, we can kill Jesus, something like that, not necessarily kill in that way but do it in a formal way, try him and get rid of him some way or the other. So he wanted to do this, to get rid of Jesus but then we know that the word of God prophesies that Jesus will die and though Caiaphas mentioned it for a nation which was the Jewish nation, we know that the debt of Jesus has brought deliverance to instead of the nation dying, one man died. Now instead of the nations paying for the sin that is in mankind, the Lord Jesus paid for it. So a prophecy was being fulfilled even though people were acting in their own natural thinking. So God was working out his purposes even in adverse circumstances. Later on we see that the plot of trying to kill Jesus that became intense and the Jews started working on it in a serious way. At this point Jesus was aware that if he continues like this then they will catch him so he escapes. Now he goes to a city called Ephraim and he is over there for a while with his disciples and the Passover for the Jews was near. We know that they had all these festivals that they kept. So Passover was one of the important festivals and it was approaching and for the festival there was this tradition that people had to go up to Jerusalem, they had to purify themselves. So at that time they were simultaneously the Passover is approaching and at that time they are seeking to kill Jesus and this is what was going on. So that is as much as what we see in the passage. They are basically now preparing themselves and knowing Jesus they know this is a religious man, this is a pious man. So at Passover he will surely come to the temple. So let's see, let's figure out how we are going to catch him. So that is the plot. Let's move on to John chapter 12 here. Let's see what is going on. Alright, so now it says six days before the Passover. Why is this important? John mentions the timeline. It is important because we know that it's roughly a week before Jesus is seized. He's caught at the Garden of Gethsemane and the trial starts off and Jesus has to be crucified. So he's very close to his death and that is why from chapter 12, in fact, from chapter 12 you would read till the end of the book of John about what Jesus goes through and the end of his life. Why is John dedicating so many passages of his writing to the death and the burial and the resurrection of Christ because it is that important. He has covered 11 chapters talking about the signs of Jesus, the life of Jesus and he in the beginning showed us how Jesus is the Christ, he is the Messiah. So we have seen all that but he is focusing, zooming in on the trial of Jesus and the events that take place after that because it is equally important. So Jesus is fulfilling the purpose of his life through the sacrifice. Alright, so that is the reason he is focusing in and here when he says simply he says six days before Passover we can make a note that it's important very close to the death of Jesus. So one week prior, Passover. Now what happens? Jesus comes to Bethany, remember we read about Lazarus of Bethany. So Jesus comes to Bethany and over here we find that Lazarus who had been dead whom Jesus had raised, he was with Jesus. So there was a supper which was prepared. A supper is an evening meal generally and you notice that Martha served. It is likely that Martha, Mary, Lazarus and the family they had organized this party and writers also say that it could have been a very, very big dinner which they are hosting for the village also. Why? Because they were celebrating the resurrection of their brother Lazarus. So a thanksgiving meal if you want to call it or a no celebrating meal that the family is having here and at that meal think about this how beautiful the man who rose from the dead is also with Jesus and he is spending time with Jesus. So is he doing well? Of course, was the miracle real? Of course, four days in the tomb he was stinking. So he was dead and all the people understood that and now we are told that Lazarus was one who sat at the table with him. So this is what we understand about the power of God. You know that something that is dead is now together with Jesus. I am just saying in a figurative sense that God is able to restore in that way that the situation of death can turn into a celebration. But we know that here it is about a man who was dead and now that man is fellowshiping with Jesus and when it says Martha served so you understand about the personality and the life of Martha as well. She really liked to take care and host and it's not that she was the only one serving but because I said that looks like it was a large meal there could have been others from the village helping her and even Mary. So this is going on in Lazarus in Martha's family dinner. Now at this point we read that Mary she took a pound of very costly oil of spike nut. So we are told what kind of oil it was spike nut oil and she took a lot of that oil anointed the feet of Jesus wiped his feet with her hair and the house was filled with the fragrance of the oil. So in those days they had a tradition if a guest comes and you want to honor the guest it seems they would wash the feet with water and they will put the oil on the head of the person. But Mary was so devoted and dedicated to Jesus that she is expressing her worship by pouring the oil on the feet. So in a way it is like worshipping but humbling yourself while you are worshipping. So she's pouring the oil on the feet of Jesus. She's also expressing her great worship because there was no need for her to take the whole jar of oil. Okay we can look at it in many ways and interpret it in many ways. So maybe you know she could have expressed her devotion to an extent but this is almost like the way David you know we read about him he says I cannot give to God something that does not cost me anything. So it really costed her and when we try to study how much could this this precious perfume had costed Mary you know some historians say that it could have even costed like the average salary of a of a like a regular person those days if you consider that one year salary that much of price you know you could pay for the perfume which Mary had and you're told that she used it a pound of very costly oil of spider at one go she's pouring it at the feet of Jesus or she's anointing his feet and as if that is not enough to express her worship what else is she doing she's wiping the feet with her hair okay again this is like really humbling oneself during worship and it was not a common thing people will wipe with a cloth or you know some other article but to wipe with her hair in public was to really humble herself at the feet of the Messiah and bow down and say God what you have done for us but just think about Mary and Martha they both are expressing their devotion in a certain way Martha is serving Mary has anointed the feet of Jesus because their beloved brother both of them told Jesus right but if you were here you know teacher if you were here Lord if you were here this what my brother would not have died but now Jesus is the one who has raised their brother from birth then so it shows us a heart of thanksgiving so when God does a miracle sometimes we forget and that's it but you see the family here they never forgot God raised Lazarus Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead and here they are giving thanks in their own ways Lazarus is sitting with Jesus Martha is doing her part Mary is showing her devotion and we know that you know this kind of devotion that Mary showed it was very special and is talked about a lot in the area of worship so you know we say that in the presence of God in heaven our worship and our prayer is like incense it goes up before God and so we can relate it this way the costly oil of spike nut that oil that incense or that fragrance which Mary poured at the feet of Jesus it's like our worship today as we lift up our worship extravagant worship you know like David and the Tabernacle of David you can connect that to this extravagant worship costly worship we humble ourselves before God's presence we see there that the environment their house how was the house of Mary Martha and Lazarus filled with worship they were filled with it was filled with the fragrance of that oil and today it is applicable to us God is working in our lives we're seeing his miracles though we know who he is we must be walking in worship and worship should fill our lives so that is the way in which you know these people honored the Lord Jesus now when this is going on you know what what do we observe there is a Judas okay one of the disciples Judas is carrying it he is not happy when he sees a worship of of the sky we are told that Judas is the same one later we will see him you know the amount for which he betrayed Jesus it is 30 30 coins of silver I think so 30 coins of silver how can one sell the Messiah for 30 coins of silver a little bit of money that Judas wanted for that he was ready to do anything and that is the Judas who we are talking about so Judas he sees what's going on and this is his comment he says why was this fragrant oil not sold for 300 dinari and given to the poor so Judas understood look at this foolish woman expensive oil she's pouring at the feet of Jesus at that point he was in charge of the money box okay and it shows us that he was not faithful obviously he must have been taking the money out of the money box in a maybe habitual way he was doing it and so he knew that instead of pouring the oil at Jesus's feet if at all you know they had sold this fragrant oil and given he is putting a calculation to it he's like 300 dinari which was a lot of money in those days so 300 all that money would have come into the box and then you know Judas could have taken that money so it is really his ulterior motive he's not speaking out of a clear conscience but you see here Jesus understood Jesus recognized you know the essence of what is being said what is the the motivation behind it Jesus recognized it so Jesus said that let her alone she has kept this for the day of my burial for the poor you have with you always but need you do not have always so Jesus also recognized that Judas did not say this because he cared for the poor okay but he cared more about himself and in the statement that Jesus makes it seems like you know Jesus is being very insensitive because he's saying the poor you have with you always does it mean that God doesn't care about the poor people no that's not see we have to interpret scripture in the light of scripture okay so many passages of scripture we see that God is the deliverer of the poor God is the one who you know blesses the poor the poor have a mighty inheritance in God and he you know he stands on behalf of the poor so he's not saying that he doesn't care about the poor but instead what he's saying is you know in this situation the worship which was being offered to him was more required at that point than to consider the needs of the poor and of course Judas being a thief his intention was to grab the money so Jesus knowing that he's saying you know poor you'll have with you always so taking this line and saying that the poor don't God God is not concerned about the poor you know that would be wrong so we look at it in that manner okay so this worship is just so beautiful the kind of worship that Mary offered to Jesus and today on the basis of that we can also offer our best to Jesus now while all this is going on you know the plot against Jesus continues we know that they are waiting they're just waiting and they're just holding on to getting rid of him because now it's beginning to threaten their position in the society so we see that a lot of Jews when they knew that Jesus had come into the vicinity okay they they came not so that they can worship him but they wanted to catch him that was one thing and also they were not happy with Lazarus sometimes people are not happy with the miracle that God has done also so not only do they want to destroy you know the the knowledge of who God is but they also want to destroy the evidence so they want to kill Jesus but we also read that they wanted to kill Lazarus it has come to that now however you know Jesus is continuing with his work there are some people who did put their trust in Jesus so both things are happening you know the plot is happening as well as people are coming closer to God now the next day now that they had this wonderful meeting and worship in the dinner and Jesus you see Jesus is aware of the timings earlier he said my time has not come now when Mary poured the oil what did he say he said she's preparing me for my burial so is Jesus aware that soon he is going to die yes he is clear on that so the next day you know there was a great multitude who had come they had come for the feast and we know right the Passover is around the corner and people would you know go for their purification to the temple so all that preparation is going on so at this time you know there were those who believed in Jesus those who honored Jesus and when they heard that Jesus was around they they came to see they came to see they took with them farm branches and they went out to meet him okay and they cried out what did they say they said oh Hosanna blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord the king of Israel so there are those who recognize him as Messiah if you know even today with the church we follow this right a lot of traditional churches follow one week before good Friday you have Palm Sunday because that is like in recognition of the way the multitudes greeted Jesus as the Messiah so they took all these palm branches they went and they greeted him and we see that Jesus he sat on the donkey at that point and he kind of you know moved from there all of this whatever is going on it was actually the fulfillment of a prophecy okay here itself when you have that scripture it says John Wright says as it is written so look at the life of Jesus it is going by the timeline of God and it is going by the word of God prophetic word of God fulfilling you would say messianic prophecy that are I think up to around in the harmony 400 prophecies or more than that so every time something is fulfilled like Jesus being born on the climb is a fulfillment of a messianic prophecy and now Jesus sitting on the donkey in itself is a messianic prophecy so John confirms that he says as it is written fear not daughter of Zion behold your king is coming sitting on a donkey's cold so no he uh uh reconfirms that Jesus is the Messiah but unfortunately the disciples did not understand that all these prophecies will be fulfilled only later no when uh Jesus died rose from the dead and you know as they the early church was birthed and things were going on uh John writes he says only later they understood oh every small incident in the life of Jesus was actually him walking in what was already written yeah so uh this is going on and uh you know people are honoring Jesus and at the same time you know the Jews are getting more and more insecure and uh remember Lazarus is raised from the dead before that the blind man who was blind from birth could see and they are thinking the crowds have started recognizing this man and one more wonderful thing is that the claims of Jesus they didn't believe okay but now they started believing uh as he said believe in the works he started believing the works also that these are supernatural works no ordinary man can do this but there is still unbelief in their hearts okay how puzzling isn't it the works they've recognized it and they themselves are saying oh Lazarus better kill him because this is the man who rose from the dead but are they ready to um you know give him his position as Messiah no so just shows how deceived people can be how taken over people can be by worldliness they were happy with uh everything the world had to offer them and they did not want anything to take it away from them so they're continuing to do what plotting okay we better get rid of this man he may be uh the Messiah but you know it's okay we are we just want our life to be comfortable so unbelief and their their hardness of heart is what is uh you know again coming to uh coming to the picture here now when this is going on there are some people they come and they are to meet Jesus they come to Philip and they say um sir we wish to see Jesus some Greeks they came and uh they wanted to see Jesus and uh uh I don't know why Philip goes and he tells Andrew instead of straight away going to Jesus and Andrew uh in turn and Andrew and Philip okay they together they go and they tell Jesus but you know Jesus makes a statement he says this he says uh the hour has come that the son of man should be glorified so he recognizes he recognizes that this is the time when he's going to die and he's making a statement about his death and uh you know not really uh responding to what uh Philip and Andrew are telling him that okay some Greeks have come and they want to see you Jesus so what is Jesus saying he's saying look unless a grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies it remains alone but if it dies it produces much grain he who loves his life will lose it and he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life if anyone serves me let them follow me and where I am there my servant will be also if anyone serves me him my father will honor so you know Jesus has begun speaking more and more about what is going to happen to him in about a week's time okay now these Greeks take it to meet Jesus um now why they came to meet Jesus the exact reason uh at that point even Philip and Andrew did not know but Jesus is recognizing that you know now there is this this whole um uh mixed crowd some are believing and some are going to give him up to death but he's talking about fulfilling the mandate for which God sent him and he is saying this in a figurative way initially he's saying a grain of wheat which is himself which is himself you understand that it is about himself it falls to the ground and it dies now when we talk about seeds okay you put it into the ground what happens you know is it the death of the seed what do you think you put a seed in the ground is it the end of that seed no it's not the end of the seed isn't it a seed will always produce but for the producing or the multiplying of the seed a death is required so Jesus is saying that once he dies though Satan and even at that point you know the the people who are against it they thought that it's going to be the end of all these wonderful works that Jesus is doing actually it is going to be the beginning of life flowing out of him so he says but if it dies it produces much grain you know so the way God works sometimes it's mysterious we think it is the end but it is actually the beginning okay and over here we we also you know we can apply the scripture and we say that in our lives as we allow the spirit of God to lead us you know Paul wrote he said be led by the spirit walk in the spirit be don't be drunk by one but be drunk in the spirit okay and when we do these things we will glorify God for us to walk in the spirit one more requirement is that we must die to our flesh they are the way you know Paul wrote about dying to self I died daily so death actually produces life okay when we are walking in obedience to God and Jesus knew that and Jesus was trying to reveal this to his disciples and say that look I'm not even the kind who's going to fall down to my own life but I'm going to obey God and when I die I know that this life which is in me it is going to multiply it is going to touch the nations many are going to be saved and a mighty work of God is going to be done so that's what he's saying when he says the wheat of grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies it remains alone but if it dies it produces much grain okay and he wanted he expected the same kind of a commitment from his disciples so he told them also if you're going to lose your life you'll actually find it okay and if you want to follow me if anyone says I want to follow God you know in other passages also we've seen Jesus say this he says like you cannot follow two masters you cannot be a follower of money and of God also okay where does our commitment lie who are we willing to die for if we are here to serve Jesus you know it is it is not always going to be pleasant sometimes it is going to take sacrifice sometimes it could take sacrificing one's life and that is something see John who is writing this this book he was one of the disciples who lived longer than the others but he has observed the martyrdom of his colleagues okay the other disciples you see before his eyes James died Peter died and so many people actually the martyr for the gospel but John lived on he lived up to an old age right before he died so how come John is John also has an understanding of the sacrifice because he understood that it's not just about dying okay some may sacrifice to that extent but the important thing is to have a heart that says God even if it comes to that I'm willing to walk a committed life to you remember Thomas he said okay God Jesus you are okay let us go with him let us also die with him so it's the state of our heart which says I'm committed to that extent it's not whether or not you know we are going to die literally die for Christ but then we can also say that physical death yeah that that is one subject to discuss about but the sacrifices the dying to the flesh the dying to our own desires you know that is also a very hard thing on a day-to-day basis and that is why we say especially ministers of God right it is a high calling and it's going to take high standards it's going to take you know a high commitment it's going to take that that passion and devotion to God where we are saying okay I'm going to serve God and you know I'm going to honor God and even if it means that I need to lose some of the things I desire I'm willing I'm willing to live that life so basically it's about a high commitment that we see Jesus revealing here let's move on at this point we'll see we'll start observing that Jesus himself okay he's fully mad remember so he'll go through his challenges preparing himself for what is coming up you know in a natural sense but also preparing himself in a spiritual sense having a full understanding that what is going to take place now is the word of God and that he is fulfilling that prophetically so it says that Jesus he was troubled is he says my soul is troubled and what shall I say he's really showing his humanity he even says father save me from this hour but then it's like that battle which is going on within him he's so close to doing what God has called him to do he's saying God save me from that hour and then in the next breath he's saying but this is the purpose for which I have come father glorify your name so it's like the final battle is going on inside of him and he is preparing himself and God also affirms him God strengthens him because there is a voice that comes from heaven and and that voice says I have both glorified it and will glorify it again so God what is God doing through the life of Jesus God is glorifying his name and look at this with the son of man the son of God call him whichever way now the people who greeted him when when he came on the docket he said king of Israel call him whatever as the messiah but what was the purpose of his life the glory of God so today you know my life and your life each one of our lives what is the purpose of our lives we can have certain positions we can have responsibilities so we can be serving in certain areas but whatever it is whatever we are here to do the purpose of God for each of us ultimately what is the goal of our lives to glorify God and that is what you see God saying here to Jesus yes I have both glorified it and I'm going to glorify it again but the people around they did not hear what was told it looks like Jesus heard the word words but the people around him they heard something thunder so it was noise to them then again you know Jesus says that this voice did not come for me because Jesus did not need supernatural things to believe in God at this point he had yet very comfortably established a strong relationship a good relationship with the father but he's saying that look all these signs and we know right the Jews were people who wanted signs all the time so in a way it was for their sake and that's what Jesus said look this thunder happened for you and I want you to recognize that you know I am in the purpose of God and Jesus makes a wonderful statement verse 31 he says now is the judgment of this world now the ruler of this world will be cast out and I if I am lifted up from the earth will draw all people to myself so this Jesus is proclaiming confirming all that will take place together with his death see one thing he knows is that he's going to die okay and that God is going to be glorified now what are the results or what is the outcome of such a death that God has asked Jesus to go through there are other results what is one thing here verse 31 it says that the judgment of this world is now okay and the ruler of this world will be cast out so when Jesus dies this was also an ultimate cold what is it that Satan would be judged that Satan would be passed out now people ask the question Satan is still in the world why did Jesus say that the ruler of this world but that is one of the ways of describing Satan Satan is described in many with many names Satan the accuser he is the the adversary you know he is the the God small God not G capital G but small G God of this world so he has many names like this but here it is mentioned as the ruler of this world referring to Satan he's still in the world he did not really get thrown out of this world but what did Jesus mean he meant the victory where the authority has been shifted so cast out really refers to the authority and the influence that Satan had on the world if we know what did Jesus say you know before he was like before he ascended he said all authority on the heaven and earth is is mine now I give it to you unless Jesus had taken the authority from Satan how could he give it to us okay and how is it that Satan got this authority because of sin that entered the world sin entered through the disobedience of Adam and Eve okay and because of that when we read about the temptation of Jesus there we see what what does Satan tell Jesus okay come I will give you look at all the kingdoms of the world I will give you the authority of all these kingdoms because by that time the authority had been taken over by Satan because man had sinned now what was the task that Jesus had before him through his death he needed to take back that authority and that is why we see it says the ruler of this world will be cast out it has to do with authority the authority which he has Jesus is going to take it away from him and that's what he's saying he's saying if I die then the ruler of this world will be cast out his authority is going to be taken away from him so now we are believers okay and the death of Jesus this is our victory why we say good Friday why is it good one of the reasons is that you know the ruler of this world has been cast out or Christ Jesus has brought back that authority and given it to mankind and now you and I can walk in authority because of what Jesus had done and that is why we see that struggle within Jesus he's saying you know save me from this heart and other breath he says but for this purpose I came he's going through it but he wants to make sure that he does what the Father has asked him to do so that the ruler of this world will be cast out and that authority will be given back to us and at the same time he also says another purpose for which he has come is that he says when I lift it up I will draw all peoples to myself now notice this whole this whole work that God was planning to do was yes for the children of Israel now when Jesus ministered even to that lady whose child was demon possessed earlier we saw that you know the side of Phoenician lady we see he says the children's bread cannot be given to the dogs so he has come here with an agenda for the Jewish people for Israel but look at this when Jesus is crucified on the cross he's saying one is Satan is going to be defeated second is that I will draw all people to myself so not just the Jews but the gospel will be able to go out to the Gentiles even to the name other communities different communities green just no end to the ends of the earth that is why before his ascension Jesus was able to say go into all the world and make disciples of all nations so he's able to do this through the death that he's going to die so Satan will be defeated the gospel is going to go out to everyone now people you know when they hear Jesus saying all these things they are confused you see the understanding of the prophetic word people were not aware at that point so they are asking this question so they are saying we have heard that the Christ remains forever so how can you say the son of man must be lifted up who is the son of man in their hearts in one way they were you know they were happy with Jesus they were convinced that here is a miracle worker here is a man who is able to perform signs and wonders he is with us okay maybe we we found the ruler who we are looking for and of course you know we know that people had also put their faith in him as the messiah so they did not want this person to go away so they are saying look in our understanding people that this Christ is supposed to be that you know the government shall be upon his shoulders you're going to be there forever as our ruler what are you talking about so what does it mean for the son of man to be lifted up and you know the who is this son of man they're getting confused but again Jesus is reiterating and he's kind of trying to prepare their hearts for what is going to come up soon you know matter of a week all these events are going to start uh transpiring so he says look a little while longer the light is with you remember what did Jesus say about himself he said I have the light of the world how did John introduce Jesus the light shines in the darkness so Jesus is saying I'm going to be with you that that question is who is the son of man Jesus is trying to tell them again I am only that son of man and he is using the term light to describe for a little while I'm with you while you have the light okay uh uh you know you you just you just be strong don't let the darkness overtake you and believe in the light believe in the light that you might become the sons of the light so in a hidden hidden way okay or you could say um Jesus is speaking directly but they be that spiritual understanding to grasp what he's saying so uh overall he's preparing their hearts he's preparing them to receive what uh is going to happen that the the burial the resurrection of himself and he's saying that he is the messiah okay so what I'll do is I think I'll just pause at this point and we will take some time uh to just hear from each of you if there's anything from today that has touched you or you've learned from it maybe you could share and with that we will close we will pray towards the end we will close so yeah is there anything that you feel has touched you okay so you could think about it because uh you know we have really seen some wonderful things right today we've seen the resurrection of Lazarus we've also seen the uh the way Jesus was worshiped with that uh spikened fragrance okay and we we see how Jesus is so committed to his purpose so a lot of a lot of things for us to really meditate on so I'm just going to leave you with that uh and how about we close uh with award of prayer I just want to request either of them or Kiran one of you to please pray so we can wrap up today's session thank you for letting us know the truth from the book of um John oh lord let us be joining our life with you lord give us all the um compassion and love us we um represent you in this world lord and lord let us all walk by faith not by sight even in the lowest day of our life so lord so so that so that we won't be shaken by any storm so lord let us all fix our heart our mind our eyes in you a lot till our last breath so lord father bless everyone and I separate the rest of the session into your loving hand in Jesus name I pray amen thank you thank you yes thank you both of you god bless okay and uh we will meet in the uh next session thank you pastor yeah thank you bye for now


what's going on guys it's your boy DPJ here today with another destiny video and in today's destiny video we have top five freak out reactions now headphone users be warned some of these dudes be screaming like bitches so you may just want to turn that volume down guys if you have anything badass to send in send it into the email address and link to the top of the video description hope you guys enjoyed the video if you do do drop a like and I'll catch you on the next one freak out reaction going on DPJ yeah I could just sacrifice my life even though it's low I will not take this trend get out of the horn! get out of the horn!


I'm Ms. First Lieutenant Lauren Bell. I am from Dawsonville, Georgia. I'm stationed at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington at Madding and Orin Medical Center. I hope to become an ICU nurse, and then after that become a nurse anesthetist. My mother was also a nurse, and she served in the Army back in the early 90s, and it just kind of drove me just to find my interest in the medical field, and I have found that caring for people has definitely become my passion. I'm Ms. Second Lieutenant Caroline Bining. I am from Annapolis, Maryland, and I'm currently stationed at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, working at WMAC Army Medical Center. I eventually hope to become a nurse practitioner. At first, when I got to college, I had no idea I wanted to be an Army nurse. My family has a very strong background in medical, but no one is in the service. So, what caught my attention first was a recruitment tent, and I started talking to the Army recruitment, and I decided it was something that I was drawn to specifically because I want to serve my country, and also I'm very involved in fitness, and I thought that aspect was cool as well. Each day we seem to be doing something a little bit different. We may be vaccinating on the floor for 12 hours. We may be in the pharmacy pulling at medications. We may be the disability tent officer in charge. What I find most rewarding is interacting with the patients or the clients that we see every day. The people of Chicago have been very thankful that we've been here. We have been able to vaccinate over 250,000 people so far, so when we say that number, people get emotional, people get excited just to continue with their lives and see their families. Back home at Madigan, I work on the COVID unit. It had recently converted to the COVID unit when I became a new nurse, and so my life as a nurse has been all during the pandemic, and just being able to interact with patients on a different level, being that person there for them even when their family members are able to come and visit, and just being able to provide that support solely as the nurse in the room.


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Welcome, everyone. It's my real privilege and honor to introduce General McConville, who is the 47th Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army. He is a graduate of West Point. He also did an MA in Aerospace Engineering at Georgia Tech. He was a security fellow at Harvard in 2002. He served a couple of tours in Afghanistan, also in Iraq. Previous jobs in the Army have included being director of personnel. He also commanded the 101st and at Fort Campbell. So he's had a great deal of experience in the military. And he's agreed to have a conversation for about half an hour, and then we'll open up to your questions. When you ask questions, hopefully you will identify yourself and wait for the microphone. And also, General McConville can't address policy directly, obviously. So just wanted to make sure that everybody understands that. So General McConville, a personal question, which is, you have three children who are serving. And does that make other problems about having a military that is increasingly becoming kind of a hereditary occupation? And are there strengths in that? What are the pros and cons? Well, I think the strengths is we have a lot of senior officers who have children serving the military. So when we make decisions, that's certainly in the back of our minds. And we know that parents sent their most important assets to the Army and the military. And I think we always keep that back out of mind. This is someone's son or daughter that we're sending into combat. This is someone's son or daughter that we're sending off to do this mission. And we need to make sure we do that. Having said that, 79% of the people that come in the Army have a family member that served in the military. And we want to open that up. We don't want to become isolated. We have gated communities right now because of security. I think it's very, very important that we represent the total diversity of the United States and America. And we aim to do that. How do you keep the military, I mean, the experience of being in the military is not common anymore in a way that was not true 50 years ago. How do you ensure that your leaders are exposed to the civilian world and learning about the civilian world and are comfortable with working in that world? Because at a certain point, they're going to have to deal with that world. I think I had the opportunity to, we send many of our officers to graduate school, civilian graduate schools. We like to do that so they get a chance to go to school with the civilians. And I had a chance to go to Georgia Tech, which was a great opportunity, technical wise, and I had a chance to go to Harvard. And so we try to send our officers with the most potential to those type programs so they have a chance to interact with the civilian counterparts as we go forward. We also do a lot of things about education, inviting leaders to our posts, influence to our posts, teachers to our posts. They get an idea of why someone may want to serve in the military. It really is a great opportunity. And unless you have an opportunity to meet some of the people to serve, you'll never really get that opportunity to understand. I mean, there was a time when going off to graduate school as an Army officer might even have been a penalty on your career. Is that not the case anymore? Well, I look at the Chief Staff of the Army. He went off to Columbia for graduate school. I went to graduate school. So there's always certainly some tension between how much field time you get and how much education and we're trying to find that right balance as we go forward. So General Milley, the Chief of Staff of the Army and yourself have sort of set up this new futures command. Well, what is the purpose of that and why was it necessary? Sure, the old cliche is that no generals are always trying to fight the last war and quite frankly we're not, we're trying to win the next one and we're looking around in the world and we find ourselves at an inflection point. For the last 16 years, we've been fighting in Afghanistan and Iraq, primarily doing counterinsurgency, counterterrorism type operations and we just had a new national defense strategy come out and talk about great power competition and not necessarily that we're gonna go to war a great power competition, but we as a military, we need to be ready and so we need to change the way we do business, the civilian industry as far as when it comes to technology has moved very, very quickly so we need to adapt our industrial age processes so we can quickly modernize the military as we go forward. It's a matter of public record that some of the defense systems that you need to modernize are communications networks that work amid heavy jamming, better defenses against drones, next generation combat vehicles, including unmanned, I mean, can you say something about those systems? Sure, and as we look into the future, our priorities that we've laid out very relevant, long range precision fires, we wanna be able to out range and out gun any or future adversaries as we go forward. We've got the world's greatest tanks right now, but as we look into the future, we're gonna need a next generation combat vehicle that may be robotic, it may be autonomous, same thing as we look to our future vertical lift, we wanna mesh network that's gonna allow us to communicate in a contested environment. Air missile defense, we're very concerned about unmanned aerial systems and then for us, the thality of the soldier is also very important. You mentioned autonomous, I mean, how autonomous might these systems be? Because of course there's kind of a discussion about keeping humans in the loop. I think there's always gonna be a person in the loop. Yeah. There just may not be a person in the lead aircraft or lead vehicle as we go into harm's way, but I think the nature of war is such that it's always gonna be a battle of human wills, at least in the near future as we look forward, but we look to areas with artificial intelligence, machine learning as a situation that can help our soldiers in the battlefield and our adversaries are looking in those areas and we tend to look in the same area. The Chinese did a demonstration of more than 100 drones with all sort of operated with AI that seems pretty autonomous relatively recently. I mean, even if we keep somebody in the loop or want to keep somebody in the loop, it seems like our adversaries are moving past that. I mean, what's your sort of thinking on that? Well, we're certainly gonna be able to counter their advantages. We're very aware about what some of our adversaries may be doing in the science and technology area and that's why we're moving out very quickly. That's why we're establishing the future command. So we are much more agile and we are much quicker in getting after these technologies. You used to work at SOCOM and the futures command is sort of based on the SOCOM acquisition system. Give us a little bit more detail about how that's gonna work. Yeah, it's really about developing very quickly. As we look around, it's almost what we call develop and then operationalize, buy, try before we buy, get out with the industry and rather the way we operate right now is we'll spend three to five years trying to get the requirements for a future system exactly right. And by the time we get the requirements right and turn over to our acquisition core maybe five to seven years before we actually field the equipment. So now we're at 12, 15 years and we're trying to field the iPhone one and meanwhile industry has gone out and we've got the iPhone 10. So we know we have to be much, much quicker and as we go forward and that's what we're trying to do. The other thing we've learned is for innovation and we're looking for discipline and innovation is to bring industry and in all walks of industry not just the defense companies to say, hey, we got a problem. How can you help us solve the problem? Let them come back with ideas and prototypes and we'll get it out to soldiers and we'll try it and then we'll quickly downsize and down select and get that moving into a program or record. Another innovation is the security forces system brigades. What are those and why are they necessary? Yeah, we've been advising and assisting for the last 16 years but we never had a force to do that. And as we go into future, we look at that we basically want to give our allies the opportunities to secure themselves and in Afghanistan, we recognize that we were taking brigades of infantry and basically breaking them up so we could provide advises to go forward and we did that when I was command 101. So we decided to do is actually we would develop a force make that force focused on being advisors and then send them forward. We have our first security force assistance brigade in Afghanistan right now. And you served two tours in Afghanistan. What is your, what are your big takeaways?  What, you were there in 0809 and then 1314. What were the differences that you saw? Yeah, I would say when I was there in 2008, 2009 that we were doing most of the fighting. The Afghan security forces were just brand new developing. When my, when our successors came back they were partnered with the Afghan security forces. They were much better. When I came back a few years later the Afghan security forces were in a position to actually take the lead for security. And today they are taking the primary lead. They certainly are taking more casualties than they did before but they are responsible for the security of Afghanistan. What we're trying to do is give them the assistance they need so they can continue to progress with their forces so they take less casualties and we can get to some type of political solution. You also served in Iraq in a kind of urban environment. 90% of the world, up to 90% of the world will live in cities by the middle of the century. What implications does that have for what you do for what the army does and the future army? Well, I think, you know, we fought some pretty heavy battles in Baghdad, Sardis City, in Fallujah, in Najaf. And what we learned is we're not gonna bypass cities because that's where the people are. We're gonna have to be able to operate in dense urban terrain. And it brings a lot of challenges that we need to develop equipment to. We need to develop tactics and concepts. We can do that and that's part of the things that we're doing right now. You're also a master aviator and obviously in Mosul, it was a very dense urban environment. ISIS was dug in amongst civilians. I mean, what are the lessons learned from a situation like Mosul? Well, all cities are very difficult fights because we go in with a mindset that we're gonna do all we can to protect the civilian population there. And some of our adversaries don't. They actually use civilians as shields. They put them in harm's way. I've seen many of our soldiers in combat that put themselves in harm's way because they did not want to go after an enemy that was hiding behind civilians as we go forward. So we gotta work out the tactics, techniques and procedures to do that and we're doing that as we speak. What does that look like in terms of training for that? I mean, how do you train for that? What we've built is we have urban training device or urban training sites at all our combat training centers. It's hard to build a 15 million person city to do that, but we are training on the techniques. We're training. We have the capability to go underground and work those situations. But the other thing we're working forward to is what we're working on right now is with virtual reality. We can do a lot of things. It's amazing when you see, and that's how you get a little out of the box. You start dealing with civilian industry who's doing a whole bunch of stuff in the gaming industry. And we are going after virtual reality. You basically can get inside a gaming type situation that's very realistic. So we can train our soldiers as they were actually in that city or in that place as we go forward without building that entire city, without transporting our soldiers there. So we see that environment as something that we're gonna get after in the future. My guess is the success of our organization to ISIS will also use these tools, perhaps, for their training, right, virtually. I mean, other adversaries will also use this. Absolutely, absolutely. And that's why we need to be quick. I mean, this gets back to future's command. We have to turn very, very quickly because our adversaries are doing the same. You said that for the past half century, the army was only contested on land. And now the army will be contested in every domain. What did you mean, and what does that mean for the military of the future? Yeah, it's, you know, I was just doing a little history and we got a great air force. And the last time an American soldier was killed by an enemy aircraft was April 15th, 1953. So we really haven't been contested in the air. The last time a Navy ship was sunk by another, or by an enemy was 1945. And so as we look at the world, we've been able to pretty much move our troops into countries we need to go, move our equipment into the countries by sea. We've certainly been contested on the land and somewhat in the air. But we look as we go in the future, we'll be contested in all domains. So we're certainly gonna be contested on the land. We need to, we're bringing back air defense such units because we think we'll be contested by enemy air or by drones or some type of aerial systems. And, you know, we're very concerned about cyber and we're very concerned about space because how dependent we become on those domains. And I mean, speaking of dependency, when information technology is ubiquitous in the force and somehow an adversary is able to interfere with that, I mean, how do you train people to not be dependent, overly dependent on GPS and other technologies? Well, it's, you know, I joke for, you know, I try to tell some of the younger officers and NCOs we used to have these paper things called maps. And we had things called compasses. And that's how we got to navigate. And now everyone has a phone. I mean, if you think about the agility that we get from GPS and move map displays, you know, no one has a map in their car anymore. You know, if you go some way, you just type it in, you quickly get there. And in combat, it works the same way. You know, the ability at night to maneuver forces to a target is just unbelievable. So what we have to do and what we're doing is building resilient systems that are gonna allow us to operate in that environment. We're also training our pilots and our ground crews that when they don't have that, those systems, how do you operate and we're building tactics, techniques and procedures to do that also? Women are increasingly moving into combat units. What, I mean, what's the scale of that? What does the future look like? How is this happening? Yeah, I'm really proud. I have a daughter that serves in the military. And I'm just really proud of what women are doing for the country. I want to put it in perspective. We have 170,000 women serving in the Army. 170,000, if you know that, that's almost the size of the Marine Corps and make an incredible contribution. You know, 70,000 in the active army. We have women, 10 women that graduated from range school, which is our toughest school and very, very impressive. We have ranges and we have women commanding company in the 82nd Airborne Division Infantry Company. We have women in every single infantry, armor, a chili battalion and every single brigade combat team in the Army right now as we speak. So it's very, very impressive. We have over 600 women that are in the infantry and the armor as we go forward. And I think, you know, where does this end up? I think when we stop keeping track of the percentages, then we'll probably hit the right point. And I think we're getting towards that thing. You have 180,000 Army personnel deployed around the world. That's a large number when only 15,000 roughly are serving in the war in Afghanistan. What is everybody else doing? And what does that mean about the future of the Army? They're just not hanging around. They're pretty busy. I mean, when you think about what an Army does, it really deters other folks' behavior. And so, you know, when I first came to the Army, we had 250,000 soldiers in Europe deter Russian aggression at the time of Soviet Union aggression. We still have soldiers in Europe and in a fairly good amount of soldiers deterring that type of aggression that may happen. And our partners want us there. We have soldiers in Korea that are deterring that type of aggression and they certainly want us there. We have soldiers all over the Middle East.  You mentioned Korea. I mean, obviously, without getting into the policy question, what is, if it did come to war, what would that look like, do you think?  If you've been to Korea, you know, 15, 20 million people, not that far from the border, a lot of artillery that could be used, those type of things. But I think that our adversaries need to understand that we have a very strong military that will do what it needs to do in those situations. And our military is ready to do what it needs to do. And hopefully a ready military will get folks into the table when they can let diplomacy take its path. A number of American adversaries, ISIS, Hezbollah, Russian proxies in Ukraine use sort of hybrid warfare, some combination of conventional terrorism, information operations. I mean, how do you fight an enemy that's doing that? How do you prepare for that in the future? Yeah, the way we've appeared is we've got to be strong everywhere. So we're certainly watching what our potential adversaries are doing. We kind of look at, you know, best of breed, what type of capability do they have in each of these areas? And we want to get that type of overmatch as we go forward. So if they're using some type of drones, we want to make sure we can cut to those drones, not only we can cut them, we can cut them at a cost that's gonna cause them not to want to go down that road. If they're coming after us with cyber, we want to make sure we have the ability to impose a cost on them if they choose to come after us in that area. How do we, I mean, it seems that if you look historically, you're a graduate of West Point, I think 81, class of 81, right? Yes, yes. So, you know, the army, the military in general tends to want to fight the war that it's gonna win. So, you know, Saddam Hussein was perfect because he was in the desert and he had tanks and the battle lasted. But history keeps presenting things that don't Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq. So, how do you prevent, how do you A, keep the lessons learned and B, not fall into this kind of default mode of, well, there'll be tank battles in some green field in Eastern Europe? Yeah, I think that's a good question. I think a lot of times we talk about the future, we're talking about technology and the type of systems we need and the material solutions. And to us, I think it's a lot more important to focus on the people. And I would argue that in the army, people are our most important asset. We're doing a lot in talent management. And a lot, you know, if you study, you know, if you study the Germans before World War II, you know, people talk about Blitzkrieg and the fact that they had radios and they had tanks, but it was really the leaders they had that they developed that were able to take that technology and apply it in a way that, you know, it initially made them very successful. And so, as we go in the future, we need leaders that can operate in different type environments and we have to develop those leaders and then we enable them with technology so they can be successful in the battlefield. I mean, for instance, the Security Forces System Brigade, it sounds, I know it's different from Green Berets Special Forces, but I mean, it sounds like is the army sort of moving more into this sort of, like, special force-ization model?  Okay, yep. You know, ask that question. They're not wearing green berets. And, you know, it's really a share of the task in the battlefield. We have great special forces. They have done incredible things. If you go to Afghanistan, you just take a look at the commander forces that are special forces in our coalition partners developed. They are doing extremely well, but I would argue that what conventional forces and advice and assist capacity bring is they bring the capability to develop an institutional army, which you'd need if you're gonna be responsible and run a country. I mean, the Afghans know how to fight. We don't need to teach them how to fight. They've been doing it a long time and they know how to do it very, very well. What they haven't done in over the years is develop a professional army that is gonna be institutionalized. And that's what our advice and assist brigades are helping them do, is develop a professional conventional army that knows how to do logistics, that knows how to do artillery, that knows how to do medical evacuation in the battlefield. All those skillsets they need that are just not the fighting part. Is there a danger of sort of imposing in the American way of war on them? I mean, is there, how do you kind of adjust for local circumstances? Well, we have to be very, very careful about as we go forward. And that's why we do a lot of cultural training with the forces as they go forward. And the other thing is just that the notion of how we advise and assist as Americans, we tend to want to take the lead. And for some of our soldiers, we have to train them that you are really over the shoulder position to help, but let our coalition partners figure out the right way to do it. So the Iraqi counter-terrorism service and the Iraqi army writ large, I mean, what are the, obviously that went pretty well. What are the lessons learned from that and for the future? I think what I've learned in our advising and having watched the 82nd do it. In fact, one of the brigade commanders, one of my battalion commanders, Pat Work, who they did a very, very good job of capitalizing on the strengths of the force that they were advising. They didn't do it for them. There's a tendency to want to do things for the force that you're advising. What you really want to do is take a step back and use a cliche.  You want to give them an opportunity to do it the way they want to do it. If they need help, you help them when they need it, but you give them the chance to do it themselves. You give them the enablers that allow them to win in the battlefield, and I think that's the best way ahead. Thank you, sir. We'll open it up to questions. If you have a question, wait for the mic and identify yourself. Thank you. Stunned into it. Wow, great. Testing? How about now? I think we can... Apologies. Once again, Chris Wolf from the BBC. You talked about the importance of the credibility of the deterrent for North Korea. I would ask one of the questions about credibility would be stabilization in a post-conflict world. Does the U.S. have the manpower? Can you get the allies to provide the manpower to credibly stabilize North Korea in a post-conflict world? Well, I think that's a good question. I think any time you go to war, you need to be ready for what happens afterwards, and from where we sit, what we want to do is the best way to deter a war is to be prepared for war, and we are prepared to do those type things. And the other thing is you've got to take a look at South. South Korea is a very modern country with a lot of capability, and it's their country as we go forward, and we'll certainly be prepared to assist them. The military has a lot of experience now in phase four operations, right? Arguably more than a decade and a half. I mean, what are the big lessons of those operations? Yeah, I think one of the critical things that has to happen after any type of conflict is to establish security first. You have to get security, and really you have to establish security by the local, you know, local people have to be responsible for this security, and if quickly we do that, and if we don't have an idea of how that's gonna be established or how that's gonna happen, then we need to think our way through that, but that's, you know, to get everything else going. If you don't have security, you're gonna have problems all the way through, so somehow you gotta establish security first, you gotta have some type of army to protect the country, you gotta have a police force, you gotta get those things going, then you actually need a bureaucracy. You know, we always, you know, kind of joke about, you know, bureaucracies, but you need one, and some of these countries don't have good government bureaucracies, and you need to get one going so you can actually start doing the things that people want you to do, because I mean, all people the same, that, you know, they want their kids to go to school, they wanna have good jobs, and they wanna have an opportunity for prosperity, and what we have to do is to set the conditions for that to happen. I mean, does it, at an army war college now, are you being taught that you might have to be effectively the district governor or it was? Well, we do, you know, and again, you know, we wanna hand that over as soon as possible, but part of talent management is how we use the forces we have, and you know, if you take a look at our reserve and guard forces, we have tremendous talent inside those organizations, and what we wanna do is make sure we can get after, so we're actually changing our personnel system to a talent management system. Give an example, when I was, when we were in Afghanistan in 2008, 2009, you know, we were trying to develop the economy and we were trying to do all those type of things, and so we asked our guard and reserve forces what they actually did in real life, you know, I mean, they're all soldiers, but what do you do? Well, you know, we found out we had the head of the Texas Highway Department, so that person certainly could help us build roads. A lot of Afghanistan is agriculture, and you know, I'm a kid from Boston, I've seen pictures of farms, so I have no idea, you know, how that actually works, but we had people from, you know, states that were professional farmers, and so we could help them, you know, but you know, the assist, the help, what we don't wanna do is do it for people, you know, if you study any histories of insurgency, those type of things, if we end up doing it for the people of the country, we're never gonna get, they'll let us do it. You know, if I'm willing to mow your lawn every weekend, you'll let me do it right now, so not these people have lawns, but if they did, we got on that way, so that's what I think the future is, is how we get them back in charge, give them the security, and let them move forward as we go as soon as we can. Jen Easterly. Jen, Easterly, thanks for your remarks, General, and for your service. You talked a lot about people and talent management, but then, to your point, about 79% are folks that have relatives that are in the Army, I guess two questions. First, what are you doing about the recruiting piece to sort of widen that tent specifically? And then secondly, you also talked about the importance of forging relationships with industry and with the private sector, so what are you thinking about in terms of opportunities and personnel policies that allow people to go back and forth more easily than we have now, because working in the cyber business, I think it would be fantastic if we were able to enable people doing cyber in the Army to come and do a critical infrastructure type entity and then go back again. No, that's a great question, and that's really precisely what we're trying to do. We're actually putting in a system that's an integrated personnel basis, but right now we have an industry-based type system, so we manage people by really two variables. You're a captain of infantry or you're a sergeant of engineers, and we have three different personnel systems for our National Guard, for our reserve, and for our active, so it doesn't really allow you to go back and forth the way we wanna do, so we recognize that, and as we go in future, we want a system that is gonna manage each person's individual talent, so rather you being defined by maybe two variables, we're gonna define you by 25 variables, and we're gonna credential you in a way that you're a person of cyber that has this skill level. We can bring you into the Army, we can allow you to serve, we can promote you based on that skill level, and not necessarily how many combat tours you have or how many live, fire events you've done, because we recognize the future, we're gonna need different types of people in the Army, and the thing on the coming after civilian, what we're really trying to do is expose, we need to expose the Army more to people. There's a reason why kids of military officers and NCOs go in the Army, because they know it, but I grew up in Boston, there's very little military around, if we have few kids in the neighborhood going to service, mainly because their dads were enlisted during the Korean War or during World War II, and if you don't have that anymore, then how will people know what's going on as we go forward, so we've gotta do that. The other thing on recruiting is only 29% of American youth are qualified to come into military. Because that too overweight? It's a whole bunch of reasons, but you think about that, to enlist in the United States Army today, only 29% of youth are qualified, and we're competing for those extraordinary young men and women like everyone else is, and so we're trying to open up the aperture. We don't wanna be just a family business or a military business, we wanna give everyone the opportunity to serve, because someday, somewhere someone's gonna ask them what they did after a country was attacked, and you look at veterans, take a look at veterans where they go, when they're older, they come back and very, very proud of the service. We wanna give everyone an opportunity to be proud of the service. Just to follow up on Jen's question, so this cyber expert who's promoted on his or her expertise in cyber, could he or she then take two years of Morgan Stanley to work with Jen, and that would not be penalized, the matter that would penalize their career and then come back? Yeah, we do have some programs that do that, we send, but we need to do a better job, so we do, what we have is internships with training with industry, so we can send you over to training with industry, we can bring you back. We do have National Guard and reservists who work traditional on weekends, they're in, but what we need is a better system to allow us to bring the whole team together and do it in more of a seamless way as we go forward, so that's what we intend to do over the next couple of years. This gentleman here, Thad Rowe. General Chris Miller from the Air Force Academy. Do you see a common vision among the services and do you see a willingness in the Congress to modify law and policy to do the kinds of things you just described? Well, I think we're seeing a common vision, I mean we talk about multi-domain operations and multi-domain battles, so each of the services are looking from their perspective and they see a lot of mutual interest in moving forward in this thing, so I think that is happening. There is concerns about how fast we go because there's a lot of interest when you change the acquisition system and I would say we've disrupted it right now in the Army and there's certainly a lot of concerns about how we're gonna do this, but I think we have to, we've got to show success, we've got to show that we're being good stewards of the money that we're getting from Congress and I think once we show that and prove that and put the right controls in place, we're gonna have a better opportunity to move forward on this. Yeah, yeah, it does. I think, you know, we're always working very close with the Congress, I mean they wanna do the same thing we wanna do, they wanna feel the best force and there's always, if they're gonna put legislation in place, what they want us to do is take a look at the legislation we have right now and we are an upper out military, there's a reason why we do that, some people complain about that, but it goes back to before World War II when we were not and the big joke was that there was so much dead wood around the War Department, it was a fire hazard, so we changed the system. Now the fact it's upper out, what we wanna do is get people to perform and stay too with the right skill sets and the right talents and it's the nuance of how we do that as we go forward with, again I argue we've got industrial age processes both for talent management, it's really personnel management, it's industrial age and I think we've got industrial age processes for acquisition, I think we need to change both, that's what we're trying to do. Joel Garra from ASU. Joel Garra, Webinized Narrative Initiative, Arizona State. You mentioned operating in the cyber domain and you talked about imposing a cost against anybody, how would you envision doing that? I got a whole bunch of ways I can envision. Well, you're talking about, I'm not gonna get into actually methods, but here's the deal, if someone does something to us, they should be deterred by what may happen back to them and if they think they can do anything they want and never pay a cost, they will continue to do those type things and we will see some of the most horrific things that happen as we go forward, we'll see people using chemical weapons, we'll see a lot of people doing things that quite frankly are immoral, unethical and illegal and I don't think we should let them do it. Well, again, I'm not gonna get into the policy things. My job is really to provide best military advice and that's what we intend to do as we go forward, but it is developing capabilities and there's a lot of competition if you wanna call it below the level of war going on and we need to be highly competitive in these areas and so some of the technologies we're looking at and some of the capabilities we have is certainly very competitive with our adversaries and what we wanna do is continue the overmatch so we get to the level of deterrence that we need to have. My understanding is West Point started sort of as an engineering school to a large degree. It did, yeah. So should it be reconceptualized as sort of a cyber warfare, cyber information? I mean, maybe that's already happening, but. Well it is, I mean, it's interesting to watch even how we send people to school. You know, when I was going to graduate school you had to go into hard science so I went into aerospace engineering, I really wanted an MBA, but they said that's not gonna happen. Even being an economics undergrad, they said you're still going aerospace engineering and that was exciting at Georgia Tech, but what we wanna do, and then we started sending people for some of the soft type sciences. What we're seeing right now is young men and women are very interested in going cyber so our branches are competitive so some branches are very, very competitive and our top students coming out of West Point in engineering and going to cyber are top students coming out of ROTC or going to cyber and we're doing something, we have some authorities within cyber where you can come directly into the military just like our medical and legal folks and we're working that as we go forward. The Secretary of the Army and we have stood up a talent management task force and the person that's actually gonna run it is J.P. McGee and he's coming from cyber, he's an operator but he's coming out of cyber command and that's why we're having that type of person so we can be a little more innovative as we bring people like cyber into the force. Any other questions? This gentleman here. Tim Slice, the Higgs Center for Strategic Studies. I was wondering whether you could elaborate a little on your vision for the future of the Army in let's say 2025 in terms of the integration of unmanned. We know of some countries that have announced their ambition to have by 2025, 30% of their unmanned forces of their force to be unmanned platforms. This very week in the Netherlands where I come from I shook the hand of the first commander of the first RAS unit, Robotics and Unmanned Systems. His unit only consists of two, him and one robot. But I mean, it gives him. So I was wondering about your vision for it. No, I think we first start experiment with man unmanned teaming in Iraq and when you're flying over cities, at least you personally learn that it's much better to have an unmanned aerial system up there getting shot up than having a man system. So we've done a lot of work on unmanned systems on the aerial side. We have some type of robotics in the ground side but I think as you look in the future at least our vision is we're not gonna put man vehicles or man aircraft in the situations at the tip of the spare where the enemy threat is the largest. So we're looking very much at that. If you think about the spectrum, you got manned, you kind of have semi-autonomous or remote and then you have autonomous. Basically completely unmanned with the system kind of flies itself. We used to all be over here and we're slowly moving to where we have remote systems that especially on the aerial side they are pretty much not flown. They're almost computer aided. When we first started flying unmanned aerial systems there was a pilot in the ground basically flying it just like you would in aircraft. Well with the IT capability we have right now it's more like operating computer as we go forward and once we get into more of the machine learning and artificial intelligence then we're gonna have the capability to do a lot different type things but you're gonna see a lot more of the unmanned, even unmanned teaming as we go forward both on the air and the ground and that's where our technology is going by. I still believe they'll always be a person to loop. They just may not be in the lead aircraft or the lead vehicle. George Nicholson. Sir George Nicholson, the Global Special Operations Forces Foundation. Years and years ago when I'm dating myself General Gorman when he was a Southcom commander said we've got a great propensity of hanging the millstone of technology around our partners necks. Things they can't afford to buy. They can't afford to maintain. They can't afford to operate. Remember talking to the J3 in Honduras? He said I don't need 47 Echoes. I don't need terrain following terrain forward in this radar. I've got pilots who've got 20,000 flying hours. They know this area like the back of their hands. What are you looking at in terms of working with our partners out there, getting them something that they can afford to maintain, operate and. That's a great point. I learned that as a young officer in Central and South America. Where just like you said, we'd come in and there's a tendency to say, hey, we need to give folks the best equipment. What you want to do is give them the equipment that they can actually use and they can maintain and they can train on and they can afford. And quite frankly, we're doing the same thing at our level. We want to make sure that the equipment we buy is not exquisite. It's something that we can afford as we get on in the future. Because there is a tendency, you talked about where we got one person, one robot. If you buy in a quizzes system, you may only have one robot. And mass matters on the army. And so as we look into the future, we can't rely on technology because someone's going to take it away from you. So simple systems that are inexpensive is kind of our approach as we go forward. This gentleman here. Thank you, thank you, General. First, I would like to thank you and congratulate you for the great job you are doing, the United States is doing in leading and operating the coalition in Iraq. My question is that while the operation inherent resolve reaches its final stages, at least the major operations, and moving to a stabilizing stage, what should we do to avoid repeating the previous scenarios where the U.S. did a great job and eliminated al-Qaeda. And then we had another terror group resurfaced, especially when it comes to the borders. And how can the U.S. help Iraq in securing its borders with Syria, for example, where Iraq had always the problem of terrorist and armed groups crossing the borders to the country. Thank you. Yeah, I mean, I think as everywhere else, we want Iraq to be able to secure its own borders and secure its own country. And I think that's the discussion that's going on right now, how this will be stabilized, what forces will stay, what will not. I'm sure that General Votel and will make a recommendation to the Joint Chiefs and Secretary Mattis and they will come up with a plan and will actually figure out how we're going to do this. Well, I want to thank General McConville for a very illuminating set of remarks very much. And thank you, you're a very busy man and we're grateful that you came. Well, thanks. Thanks for having me.


Good morning friends. I am Purva and today we will discuss the following question. If probability of A is equal to 3 upon 5 and probability of B is equal to 1 upon 5, then find probability of A intersection B. If A and B are independent events. If E and F are two independent events, then probability of E intersection F is equal to probability of E into probability of F. So this is the key idea behind our question. Let us begin with the solution now. Now we are given that probability of A is equal to 3 upon 5 and probability of B is equal to 1 upon 5. We are also given that A and B are independent events and we have to find probability of A intersection B. Now by key idea we know that if E and F are independent events, then probability of E intersection F is given by probability of E into probability of F. So here we get probability of A intersection B is equal to probability of A into probability of B. And this is equal to probability of A is equal to 3 upon 5 into probability of B that is equal to 1 upon 5. And this is equal to 3 upon 25. So we have got probability of A intersection B is equal to 3 upon 25. Thus we write our answer as 3 upon 25. Hope you have understood the solution. Bye and take care.