Now, we are going to begin talking about structure of language, it is part of I language and this will help us understand underlying patterns. So, first we are going to see as part of a structure of language sound system. So, last time or a couple of days ago I asked you, what is the difference between consonant and vowel? Did I, did you get a chance to take a look at that? Okay, let me, let me go back. Have you learnt a language in the classroom? Yes. Which language did you learn in the classroom? English. English. Where did you start learning English? When? LKG. LKG. Right? Then why did you have to learn it later also? Did, where do you taught English in schools and high schools also? Yes. Why? If you have, if you already did that in LKG then why did you learn it again in high school? Go ahead. More words to vocabulary later in the process. Okay? So, at any point in time, there are lots of questions that any, that one can ask, but right now I will focus on the questions that are related to sounds. So, at any point in your learning of English, where you taught about sounds, that is particularly consonants and vowels. Yes or no? Yes. Not the letters. All right. Letters. Fine. Let us say something about, did your teacher say something about consonants and vowels? Yes. No. So, at least you can say I, we were told, right, but you don't remember. Does anyone remember consonants and vowels? No. Okay. So, can you tell me the things that you remember about those, that class? Just couple of them. Not, not everything you have to list for me. What is it? A, E, I, O, U are vowels and rest of them are consonants. What are you happy with that? Why are they, why are they, sure, that is an important question. Why are A, E, I, O, U vowels and rest of them consonants? Any idea? Okay. Ka, ba starts from tip of the tongue. Say ka, do you see any role of tip of the tongue in that? No. Ba, any role of tip of tongue in that? We use our lips also, B, that part is also sound, so sound plus that part is also sound. Okay. So, you didn't ask these questions at all. We might have asked. You might have asked. You don't remember. Right? Okay. All right. Do you think, which language do you speak other than English? Malayalam. Do you think we have vowels in Malayalam also? Yes. Yes? Yes. What are the vowels of Malayalam? Not A, E, I, O, U. So, a is not a vowel in. Okay. Yes. Do you see the things that we are talking about? Do you follow why we are talking about these things? Vowel sounds are not specific to English or Malayalam. Right? I will ask you one more question before I start with what I have to show. Many of you were told these are the A, E, I, O, and U. These are the vowels. Right? I think you were also told that we have only five vowels in English. Am I right? Now, I have a word for you. Okay? All of us have learnt this word and I will just give one example for today. When we say this word and hear me out carefully. When we say this word, what's the first vowel that you hear? Loudly. Where is that in this? What's the vowel with this one is? And what's the first vowel of this word? Are they the same thing? No. These are the vowels of English and this is a word of English. Right?   You were told very conveniently these are the vowels of English and then you were told a word and in that word there is a different vowel which is not part of this five. Did this raise any question in your mind? Did you ask this question? What's the next vowel of this word? When we say this word, what's the next vowel? A. What do we write? So we are saying the next vowel is A. So the first one is A. I am putting two of them to show length and then we are saying the next one is let's say A. So there are two vowels in this word. One is A, the other is A and we write them differently. We write something else, we call it something else. Do you see the inconsistency? Now I am pointing out these things not to show you flaws of English. I am showing you these things to sensitize to the things that you may or may not have paid attention to. Now can we say the vowel A is not part of English? Can we say that? If we are told, we memorized, we got good grades right from LKG and we are doing great. So can I say A is not a vowel of English? We cannot say that. Then either one of the two possibilities is wrong. Either this is not right, right? In that case we can say the fact that we are told there are five vowels in English is wrong or we can say A as a vowel is not part of English sound inventory. Do you see my point? One of the two is wrong. Which one do you think has problems? First one. There are only five letters to represent all the vowels but spoken language has more vowels. Spoken language has more vowels, right? So we are saying the moment we are told that there are five vowels in English language. We need to specify that we are talking about five symbols of Roman alphabet which are 26 in number. Out. When we pay attention to English as a spoken language or when we learn English as spoken language, English as part of a spoken repertoire then we find a different inventory of vowels in the language. Get it? So in the language for the sake of learning to speak there aren't only five vowels in English. Get this? So A is also part of it. How are these things taught to us? Do you remember your LKG or class 1, class 2, English classes? How are these alphabets taught to us? Anybody remembers? Right. So how does that work? A for apple. B for boy. Now I want you to pay attention to the word apple. What's the first sound of the word apple? A. Where is A in that? Do you see this thing? The goal of teaching is spoken English, right? And we want to teach them A for apple. There is no A in the word apple. Do you see the problem? I won't go all the way throughout the list because that's completely flawed. At this stage now you can see this at least. You started learning English from LKG. I didn't learn English in LKG. So in a way what you are saying, you don't even remember your age at that time when you started learning English. I remember. I started learning it when I was 16. I didn't have any idea about the language. Probably I couldn't even write my name with English letters. And I remember that very well. Anything that I am telling you is not because of that. I learned it and I learned these things as well. Where you tell me if what I am saying is not making sense.  And we teach A for apple. What kind of a teaching is this? What do we want to say? If we were trying to teach the word apple begins, writing of the word apple begins with the alphabet sound, sorry alphabet symbol A, then it is making sense. But we are saying A for apple in spoken language. This is why I gave you the example of the word father. Five verbal sounds and the first sound is not part of this five inventory. This whole inventory of five sounds not part of that. So the moment we start paying attention to a spoken language, things are different. Just look at one more example. The next one is B for boy. I think across the country or maybe across the globe this is how it is taught. And then some schools may be using more fancy things like rhymes and other stuff. You tell me is this sound, is this thing B even a sound? So where is B in boy? What is the first sound of boy? B. Where is B in that? See this thing? Where is B in that? And if you can add just one more, it can only become funnier. What is the next one? C for cat. What is the first sound of cat? Where is C in that? The first sound of the word cat is the sound. I hope you can see that we are not making up these things. We do not need to really go to a sophisticated laboratory to see these things. There is no A sound in the word apple. B does not even become a sound and C for cat is completely outrageous because the first sound of the word cat is C which has nothing to do with C. See this thing? Now the goal of this thing is not to show you these issues. And by no means I am trying to say what you have learnt is wrong. I am sorry what you have learnt is bad. What I am trying to say is there is a huge mismatch and if at all I am underlying any deficiency which is we are really playing with children's mind when we are teaching in classroom. A for apple, B for boy and C for cat. It was done to you in such a way... Here by you I mean only you because this was not done to me. It was done to you and every other children in such a way that you cannot forget this thing. Even remember now I am not sure... No I am sure that not all of you went to same school. You went to different schools in different parts of the country and you still remember these three things. A for apple, B for boy and C for cat. In other words it was done in such a pathetic and criminal way that you cannot forget it. This is what is done to children in schools. I am saying these things on record as you can see. Now let us only underline through this description of what we have done. These things should be helpful for us in understanding sound system. Which is to say sounds of spoken language is completely different. No no not different. Writing system may not have to correspond with sounds of the language. No matter how much you teach A for apple, B for boy or C for cat. Every child has already figured out that there is no sound called Ba. No sound called B. We need to say Ba. There is no sound called C. We need to say ka. So what are the three sounds of the word cat? Ka, ay and ta. See this thing. First consonant sound of the word boy, Ba. You keep teaching B, C and all that. But children learning these things have figured out that actual sounds are Ba, ka and ay. They may not have anything to do with A, B and C in spoken language. Get this thing? This is what I want to underline to you. Then again nothing against these things. These are symbols of written script. Therefore, they do not represent total number of vowel sounds in English. Total number of vowel sounds in English is not just five. There are more than that. Can I leave this to you as an assignment to find out total number of vowel sounds in English? Right? No. So when we move on, now I connect with the things that we have been talking about. Sounds are building blocks of language. We have seen there could be many, many words in a language. In finite number of sentences in a language, but a limited and finite set of sounds in every language. That finite set of sound is very small in number. When we look at inventory of sounds across languages, we find very few sounds differ in two languages. There are very few sounds that are different in two languages. In other words, what we are saying is words, sorry, languages share sounds. Get this thing? Languages share sounds. The more number of sounds that are shared in, shared between two languages, the closer the two languages are in terms of comprehension and production. The fewer the numbers of common sounds in two languages, the more and more differences in two languages. These are some of the common generic features of sounds. Then we started talking about consonants and vowels. You are saying that probably we do not remember what we were told and if at all you found something you remember, this is what you remember. Let me tell you about sounds. That is also consonants and vowels. Before we look at that distinction between consonants and vowels, I want to show you a particular picture. Do you see this thing? What does this look like? This looks like human face. That is some kind of drawing of this part. Remember this? See this? This is some kind of drawing of this part. There are two things here where I want your particular attention. All the names that you see listed, they are going to be important. There are two things right now that I want you to see. One is this part. You see this? These are lips, teeth, tongue and this thing. This part is called oral cavity. This part is called nasal cavity. This thing is called just these two parts. I want you to see first. Sounds that are produced in the oral cavity are called oral sounds. Sounds that have something to do with nasal cavity are called nasal sounds. All the sounds that you know irrespective of vowels and consonants, they are going to be of two types. Either oral sounds or nasal sounds. And only this much of apparatus is responsible for sound production, sounds of language. Little bit more about this. Little bit more about this in the sense that what is responsible for production of sounds? These are the places in which these are the different types of cavities. Oral cavity and nasal cavity where sounds are produced. What is responsible for sound production? In fact all of them. I am talking about something else, which is okay. If we have to, let me ask you different question. If we have to say a sound, right? Let us say ka and a, right? So ka is a consonant or a vowel? Consonant, right? And a is a vowel. Even though it is not very clear at this stage how to define a consonant and vowel, we know these two things, right? Ka is a consonant and a is a vowel. If you have to say these two sounds, which one do you think you can say for longer duration? For how long do you think you can say this thing? Forever. Forever? Long time. Long time but for how long? Till our breath. Till we can hold breath. See, we need to be specific, therefore I interrupted, right? Not for ever, but ever is such a long time, right? We can say anything forever. However, we can keep saying the sound for longer duration, as long as we can hold breath. Now, why can we not say ka for long time? There is what? It's understitive passage for all of us. Very nice. Why didn't you say this thing when I was asking you about the difference between consonant and a vowel? They didn't teach you this thing. Then how did you learn that? Very nice. You found that, right? All right. See, lot of times it happens that you find out things on your own, right? And it's a generic thing, no, not generic belief, specific belief in at least language learning. You have seen how children acquired language just yesterday, and I have tried to show you so many things about that. And then, it's not too much to say that children learn much more than they can be taught. In fact, there is no way one can teach everything that children know. See this thing? There is absolutely no way one can teach. And you don't even know what kinds of things children learn. They also learn not to tell others what they may have learned. See this thing? If these things possibly could not be taught, probably these things apply to everybody in a limited sense, but it applies to everybody. Lot of things you figure out on your own. You just saw this thing, what you were taught. You saw A for Apple, B for Boy, and C for Cat. And now, what you have figured out is very, very nice. I am really impressed that for a consonant sound, there is some kind of obstruction, right? And we will talk about those obstructions in order to be specific. And for vowel sounds, there are... It's not fair to say there is no obstruction. It's little obstruction. Because if we say no obstruction, then we will keep speaking all the time.  I mean, there are some people who don't stop, but everybody will keep speaking. You just cannot stop if there is no obstruction at all. Right? But let me go through this thing phase-wise. So what's the thing that is responsible for speaking? What's the thing that is responsible for speaking? No. These are the organs. You just said something. I asked you this question for a specific reason. My question was, for how long do you think you can keep saying A? As long as we can hold breath. So what's responsible for sound production is breath. It will be easy for you to understand. As your engineers, human body is the best... is an example of perfect engineering. Nothing happens in human body which has got no meaning, which has no purpose. See, we inhale air and that is called breathing. What happens in breathing? We inhale and then exhale. Inhaling is like input from the immediate society. We inhale. What happens? That air goes all the way to where? Lungs. And this is not biology 101. This is something general knowledge that all of us know. It goes straight to lungs. It's separated in different parts, at least what lungs retains, what body requires, which is oxygen. Lungs retains oxygen that it has separated from inhaling air, which is required for body production of blood and blood circulation and all other kinds of things. We don't need to go into the details of that. What it also does is it exhales rest of it. That could be carbon dioxide or anything else. It only retains oxygen and exhales everything else. This is what is called breathing process. What is responsible for speech sounds is exhaling air. Not inhaling air. Exhaling air. The moment it starts from lungs, it comes to these areas, the places that you were talking about vocal cords, larynx, vealum and everything else that you see, oral cavity and nasal cavity. The exhaling air is moving through these passages. And with more obstruction of that exhaling air, we get consonant sounds with little bit obstruction of that amount of exhaling air. We get vowel sounds. This is so far is common for all the languages of the world. Because there are only few, there is a limitation of this apparatus. This apparatus is limited in its physical form. Therefore, only limited sounds. See this thing? Why limited sounds? Because there is a physical limitation on apparatus where the total number of places of articulation for different sounds is limited in number. However, for combining sounds together and combining words together, what is responsible for them, for those processes, the responsible mechanism for those processes is generative capacity. And generative capacity has something inbuilt which can result into infinite things. Therefore, infinite sentences and words. However, limited number of sounds. Get this thing? I will give you this picture. We will upload this online as well so that you can see these things. One more thing. You see this? There is one more part which is important where you can see, before I give you examples of actual sounds. You see this part? What is this called? This part is called uvilla. You see this area? Now, this is one thing. It is hard to see glottis and larynx and other things. You can see them in picture but it is hard to see in actual sense. However, uvilla you can, if you try, you can see that.  Do not do it in public. It is not a good thing. You can do it on your own whenever you feel comfortable. It is not a very nice looking thing but you can still see that. It has got a very specific purpose. What it does is, when we are speaking things, when sound production is in process, if it is lowered, then the passage to nasal cavity is open. It should not be very difficult mechanism for you to understand and the moment there is a, there is some amount of flow to nasal cavity, it gets, sounds get nasal quality. Therefore, nasal sounds. So, when we say words like, sounds like m or n, what happens is the uvilla gets lowered. Some part of flow of air moves through nasal cavity and therefore we get nasal sounds. There are more nasal sounds that we get but this is how we get it. When the sounds are not nasals, the uvilla is raised which means the passage to nasal cavity is completely blocked. Therefore, no nasal quality on sounds. What we get is only, only oral sounds. So, when we say ka or ba or pa, do you hear anything nasal about it? We do not realize but uvilla is raised. So, lot of physiological processes that keep going on motorized, motor control things that are going on, we are not aware of them. But these, those things keep happening. That is called conditioning of vocal tract. Speakers of a particular language have a particular set of sounds. While acquiring that language, what happens simultaneously is our vocal tract gets conditioned for that language, for the sounds of that language. Therefore, when we speak English or we learn English later, we will, we say, we speak English differently from those who started English, we started learning English way too early. In other words, if we consider some people as native speakers of English, our English is different from them because of that reason. Under no circumstances, we are going to be speaking like them. You see my point? Therefore, if we do not speak the way Britishers might be speaking or Americans might be speaking, that is not our flaw. That is related to conditioning of vocal tract. The places where we grieve up is responsible for input and that input is responsible for conditioning of vocal tract. And then, when we learn something else later on, that conditioning stays. And if we want to learn some new sounds or languages, then those sounds get influenced by how our vocal tract is already conditioned. It works the same way for native speakers of English if they try to learn Hindi or Malayalam or Punjabi or any other language. Same thing happens to us. Therefore, please keep this thing in mind that we cannot be speaking that way and it is not our flaw. If someone tells you, why do you not speak English the way Americans speak, it is one of the most unethical questions to ask.  Do you see the point? It is just not possible. What is responsible for that is how and when the conditioning of vocal tract really took place. There are some people in America who look like us but their conditioning of vocal tract is perfectly like the conditioning of vocal tract of a native speaker. They speak English differently. They speak English very differently from us and their conditioning is responsible for this. Get this thing? So, these are a couple of side notes. I will keep coming to this picture once again. Right now, I want to take you to these terms. So, two broad types oral and nasal, clear? Places of articulation and manners of articulations are the two things that we will be talking about. Places of articulation refer to different places in this vocal apparatus which are responsible for sound production and how that is there are more things responsible for that which is referred as manners of articulation. So, these are going to be two important things which we will be looking at in a clear way and on the basis of these things we will be able to see the clearer distinctions between consonants and vowels. And to begin with the actual distinction between the consonant and the unrestrictive flow of air with little bit obstruction results into vowel sounds and more obstruction at particular places gives us consonant sounds. Sometimes that obstruction could be total obstruction. Sometimes that obstruction could be partial obstruction we are talking about that is the fundamental distinction between a consonant and a vowel. There is one more thing which is important for you to know which is all the consonant sounds of all the languages that you know or you may not know have one particular vowel already in built in them. One particular vowel right and you can figure out these things very quickly. When we say a sound like ka do you hear any vowel here? When we say ma pa or any other vowel, any other consonant that you know or you may not know will have this sound in built in it. That is also the reason why we are unable to say a consonant for a long time because if you try speaking a consonant for a longer duration what you end up doing is you end up speaking other vowel sound. In fact it is so important that we cannot even say a consonant sound without that. Can you try saying ka without that a nice try right. Nice effort. What I am saying? It is impossible to say sorry sankal right. That is true. So I am not saying it is not possible at all. That is going to be possible in a word but can we say that half la what I am saying is if you are saying just isolated sound there is no way we can say that. It is a great example. It is not just a Hindi in all languages of the world we can say sounds without that vowel only when they are in words for example when we say a word of English like school school the first two sounds what are they sa and ka right and I think I have given you this example earlier also that if we want to reduce the cluster we would end up saying as sakul. So the fact that we are not saying sakul and we are saying school something is happening to that what is happening here in the word sakul I am sorry school. So we have two sounds here and ka both of them are vowel I am sorry both of them are consonants we know that consonants have inbuilt vowel sounds in them that inbuilt sound is actually a this is how we represent them it is called a schwa a so when they form a cluster of two consonants together this one is dropped so dropping this vowel out of a out of an isolated sound is not possible however dropping of this vowel quality that is inbuilt vowel quality out of a sound is possible when they form a cluster with another sound see this thing so we can say sakul where sa is being spoken being pronounced without that a the moment we add that a that becomes sakul right the moment we add those that that vowel it becomes sakul you see what Punjabis are doing they are not doing anything wrong it is simply the fact that their language does not allow cluster that is to be more specific we can say their language does not allow dropping of that inbuilt vowel from a from a consonant sound and this cluster of two consonants or three consonants are not only possible in the beginning of a word it is also going to be possible in the middle of a word therefore we get words like sankalp in a language like Hindi what is not possible is a cluster at the end of a word at the end of a word where the last consonant is going to be half that word is not possible in a language like Hindi however they used to be possible here in something like Sanskrit so you may have things written at least in some places words like have you seen this word written and then in some of the letters you see some slant line given that is an indication of half sound that is that half sound simply means lack of that vowel so probably in old time it was possible to say a half sound at the end of the word in a language like Sanskrit but now that that word is part of Hindi Swagatam we do not say that there is a half we may write in any which way we want but we do not say it that way we still say how do we say that word for welcome do you hear that sound a there is a complete word complete sound how we write is not important we started with that I just told you A for apple and B for boy does not mean much so how we write is a completely different convention is a completely different system of learning however spoken language is different when we look at these fundamental aspects get this any questions so far no are these things making sense clear I have a two more minutes to show you something some examples of vowel sounds these are not all there are some examples of vowel sounds they are a a e e o n o so one is a short vowel and its counterpart a is a longer than that when we say long vowel we mean relatively longer than a when we say e the distinction between e and e is again relative distinction one is shorter the other is longer and finally the vowel sound o has similar distinction between short and long what is another interesting point with these vowels is a what would be the place of articulation for a in the oral cavity that is to say if we divide it in let us say three parts vertically right if we divide this in three parts vertically and we say front part mid part and back part so a will be therefore that is called a back vowel e e relative to o mid vowel not just because it is written here I want you to realize that and when we say o that is front vowel see this thing now this distinction that you see first there are two things I say before I stop for today this distinction that you see front back and mid these are called on vertical axis places of articulations and if one is short the other is long that is about manner of articulation that is how these things are set number one distinction is not a new thing that I am giving you do you know when this distinction was first brought to attention any idea so naturally you do not know who did that have you heard the name of panini anybody oh he said that panini so when did he live sorry say something when did he live he just some estimates he lived around 500 BC which is how many years from now 2500 years the point is it is not 10 years ago it was not published in science or somewhere else do you know do you guys know the year of invention for printing press it was around french revolution right these things were done way before any machine sophisticated machines like the ones that we see were developed or even printing press or papers were in place this was just somebody's observation which is absolutely accurate with all kinds of mechanical apparatus even today there is no dispute that who is a front wobble of course but these are english terminology panini had different terms for them okay he did not talk about mid back and front he talked about same thing in different different language, language of his time but these distinctions were done long long time ago is nothing new about them and the second thing is these vowels are called cardinal vowels and they are not the vowels of hindi or tamil these vowels all the languages of the world this distinction of a and a e and e and u and u is done in all the languages of the world probably some of the languages are dead from panini and time some of the languages didn't even exist for example modern spoken hindi and modern spoken english was definitely not there at that time so what he was talking about was true for languages of that time true for languages that may have died true for languages that did not even exist see the power of that argument see the power of that classification that someone came up with 2500 years ago there are couple of other things about consonants that he has given he has talked about and the picture that I was trying to show you the story that I told you about exhaling air being responsible for production of a speech sounds the distinction between oral cavity and nasal cavity how oral sounds are produced and nasal sounds are produced all of them we are discussed by panini nothing new in those things it's just that these stories have been told in different languages at different points in time we talk about consonant part when we meet thank you


It's my name to I do not see John Jacob Jingleheimer Smith. That's my name too. His name is my name too. It was one of the one songs that I hated singing. So whenever we go out it never made any sense to me either. It's just a people on my show. I don't hate it. I was just like why is this a song? Like this isn't even enjoyable. It feels more like you know something you're being punished. I always wondered when you're supposed to stop. Like because the class would stop and it would still keep going in my head. Like it was my first earworm. Like what? 99 bottles of beer on the wall. Well at least that one has a definite stop. We can't start going negative beer.  Second verse same as the first. Henry VIII. I am Henry VIII. That always reminds me of the movie Ghost. Remember that scene? Oh yeah.   Shall we break for Daily Tech News Show? That's what my bumper sticker says. If you want to. Our Daily Tech News Show. All right. Here we go. Three, two, Michael Yasui has supported independent tech news directly for five years. You can be like Michael. Become a DTNS member right now at patreon.com slash DTNS. This is the Daily Tech News for Monday, March 18, 2019 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Feline, I'm Sarah Lane. And from Elsewhere in the LA County area, I'm Roger Chang, the show's producer. Our intern Amos is alongside as well. Good day Amos. Hello. We are going to talk about some thin tech stuff later on. From the perspective of here's some stuff you guys should be aware of that maybe you're not aware of. It's not only a big part of the tech industry but it has effects that sometimes people aren't even allowed to talk about. So let's start with a few tech things you should know. Apple announced updated iPads on Monday. A new iPad mini has an A12 bionic processor, support for the older Lightning Connected Apple Pencil, Touch ID and a true tone display starting at $399. A new iPad Air has an A12 processor, Apple's Pencil support, Touch ID and a smart keyboard support starting at $499. Both use Apple's Lightning Connector and offer Wi-Fi or LTE models. Facebook said it took down 1.5 million videos worldwide of footage from the Christ Church New Zealand shooting within 24 hours of the attack. 1.2 million of them were blocked at upload. The Washington Post reports YouTube found its detection of video was ineffective, leading YouTube Chief Product Officer Neil Mowen to bypass human moderators and use an AI solution to quickly block videos. Mowen also decided to temporarily disable searching for recent uploads and keyword completions. In its forthcoming IPO, Lyft will offer $30.8 million shares at $62 to $68, each seeking to raise a total of $2.1 billion, according to a new regulatory filing. According to sources, speaking to Bloomberg, the company would be valued between $21 billion and $23 billion post-IPO. Let's talk a little bit about my space. Unless you already saw this story, you probably weren't expecting me to say that, but music, photos, videos, anything you uploaded to MySpace between 2003 and 2015 may no longer be accessible due to what the company told the BBC was the fault of a server migration project. Now, that's news today because people noticed. Ars Technica reports MySpace admitted the fact to some users seven or eight months ago, but not that many people really cared. Back in its heyday, MySpace was a bit like SoundCloud, where smaller artists uploaded music often found followings on the platform. Previously, the company said it was working on a fix when music links on MySpace stopped working. If you're worried this could happen somewhere else where you stored a lot of media, Corey Doctrow at Boing Boing notes that the Internet Archive hosts anything freely, distributable, for free, forever, and has mirrors for their servers in California, Egypt, and Amsterdam. That sounds like something, Tom, you might remind people as well. Yeah, well, I think Corey Doctrow may be the person who tipped me out to archive.org years ago, but yeah, I am frequently telling people about archive.org, especially if you're a small podcaster just getting started. It's a great place to host your podcast. I haven't used MySpace in many years. I was active on it back in the day before Facebook came along. I actually dwindled my use on MySpace, not really to jump over to Facebook. There was a lull that I had where I think a lot of people literally left MySpace for Facebook, so I was a little bit different in that regard. Didn't host a lot of content there. Can't even remember if there were photos that were on MySpace of mine that weren't elsewhere, so it doesn't totally matter. But yeah, I mean, it was a big part of a lot of people's lives, social lives, certainly for a long time. And it's kind of funny that the company said for so long, yeah, we're working on it. And then finally it was like, yeah. Well, and archive.org famously has the project that'll let you go back and look at what websites looked like back years ago. So theoretically, some of that stuff might still be available that way. But no one told the archive project that this was happening, unlike Google Plus, where the archive.org is out there actively trying to save as much of Google Plus as possible before it gets taken down by Google. They didn't know this happened because MySpace didn't tell anybody, which makes a lot of people wonder, was it a mistake or was it just not caring and saying, I don't think anybody cares about this old stuff. It sure is a whole lot easier to migrate the server if we just delete it. That would be quite an assumption. Not that I would put it past any company to just be like, yeah, we don't care anymore. But yeah, I can't imagine that usage was high enough that they thought that there would be too much outrage. But there would be outrage if this happened to Facebook. Now, of course, Facebook is a completely different company. It's a whole new world that we're living in. But I think people use it. Right. And Corey and others make good points that, sure, this happened to MySpace, which is not in wide use anymore. But if it did happen to a social network or some sort of a platform that you do have a lot of media on, what's your alternative? You kind of want to assume that this will happen to your favorite network and have a backup plan. It may not even be a good reminder, but it's a reminder that if you're not storing your stuff, there's a risk it could go away. A study sponsored by Apple assessing whether the pulse sensor on Apple Watch Series 1, 2, and 3 can pick up rhythm irregularities found only 34% of participants received an alert of an irregular pulse on their watch and then went on to have a confirmed case of atrial fibrillation. But the study preceded Apple Series 4 Watch, which includes an electrocardiograph and features monitoring heart activity. The study monitored almost 420,000 people, so it's pretty big sample size. 25,000 of whom were 65 years old or older, generally the highest risk of age groups. The watch has prompted users to set up a telemedicine consultation with a doctor that was involved in the study if something was detective. And then the notified users could then get a separate ECS patch to record their heart's electrical rhythms for comparison with watch data. Yeah. There's a little bit of debate over whether the 34% is good or bad. Detecting a sign of atrial fibrillation because it is so intermittent doesn't mean you would necessarily find it again the next week. So that's not a big deal. Some folks are saying, you know what? For a wearable watch that also is meant for listening to your podcast, not bad. Other doctors are saying, yeah, not bad.  So it is kind of on that border of whether this is entirely useful medically or not. But that said, this is a study to kind of say, hey, was the previous version of the watch good at this? It's pretty close. Maybe the next version will be better. Or maybe somebody else will come along with something that's even better out there. But it's progress. It's good progress towards being able to monitor your own heart health more easily, for sure. Yeah. I definitely side with the false positive is better than not detecting something that could be extremely dangerous for my health. I definitely, I empathize, or sympathize, I guess, with doctors who might be unnecessarily busy with a bunch of people, hypochondriacs who are like, my watch said I'm going to die. And that is a really valid point. There's no reason to scare people if you don't have to. But as the article pointed out, the study was conducted before Apple's series four, which is designed to be better at this type of thing. 34% to me is, okay, it's less than half of the time, correct. But Well, 34% of the time someone experienced the atrial fibrillation again within the next week. That's actually, you know, because atrial fibrillation is so intermittent, as I said, that's actually not small. Because people who legitimately felt it might not have it again for another week. And this would have been an accurate reading, but it was missed. So it's, there's a lot of stats that can lead you astray if you try to use common sense. You really do, this is why you need medical practitioners to help you guide through this to go like, well, 34% might not sound like big, but it's bigger than it seems. Also, false positives can be dangerous. If you get a false positive in certain conditions, not necessarily this one, they can lead to treatment methods that cause side effects that you wouldn't have needed to experience otherwise. So you do want to get this stuff right. That said, I don't think this is a bad thing at all because it's research because it's saying, Hey, let's look at this. And there aren't too many downsides. Yeah, I think overall, we seem to be heading in the right direction. Watches are getting better at helping us stay healthy. And that's good. OneWeb has raised $1.25 billion in funding in order to assure it will launch its global high speed broadband network in 2021. They said, we always targeted 2021, but having this latest round, make sure we're going to do it. OneWeb successfully launched its first satellites last month. Investors include SoftBank, the government of Irwanda, Coca-Cola, Qualcomm, Richard Branson's Virgin Group, among many others. OneWeb said it can now start monthly satellite launches by the end of the year. It needs at least 650 units in orbit for minimum global coverage. They think they might want to have around a 2,000 up there. And they're not the only company doing it. SpaceX, probably the most famous that has ambitions to do this, and Luxembourg-based Leosat also pursuing this. But OneWeb has the first mover advantage, whether that's good or not. We talk about how it isn't always necessarily good. But in something as difficult as satellite broadcasts, it might be. And the reason someone like the government of Irwanda wants to back this is it's targeted at rural areas and developing countries where it is difficult to roll out infrastructure, but the benefits of having connectivity can be great. It's too bad that the companies can't all band together to provide better coverage right out of the gate. But that's, you know, you could say that like, you know, cell carrier. But then wouldn't you be sitting there saying, like, why don't we have more competition? There's only this one company and they all provided it. It's just a really complicated thing, I think. Yeah. I sort of imagined like satellites with Coca-Cola stickers on the side. You know, you're not going to be able to see any of this stuff.  But yeah, I have to admit, I haven't thought about OneWeb in a while, but it certainly has, you know, big companies behind it. And quite honestly, SpaceX hasn't talked much about their satellite initiative lately, at least not anything that, you know, we've covered on the show or that's really jumped out to me. Well, SpaceX is busy with manned missions, right? So I'm not going to fault them for that. They have other ambitions as well. And they want to get the Dragon capsule working and start to do regular private launches. And then they'll start launching their own satellites. So I have no doubt we'll be hearing from them shortly. Somebody else we'll be hearing from shortly is Apple. The New York Times reports more on the alleged culture clash between TV and movie producers and Apple. One new complaint being reported is that Apple is too controlling in how its products are shown. Shocker, can't imagine. There's also a reprise of the complaints that Apple is uncommunicative about release dates and marketing plans. Previously, the Wall Street Journal reported that Apple was resistant to content deemed mature in the programming it's commissioning. And one week on March 25th, we will likely find out at least a little bit more directly from Apple about its two dozen series and handful of movies in the works. Yeah, we'll be talking about this next Monday, I'm sure. But I did find it really struck a chord. Having done some sponsored videos in the past, worked at companies like CNET that had vendor involved videos being produced around me, and the particularness that clients can have when they're paying for something in how their product is put. Just pulling something out of popular culture right now, you see the Microsoft surface everywhere, right? I'm sure there's lots of discussions with the NFL about how to properly show the surface being used on the sidelines. And certainly in more controlled circumstances where the surface is put into a show, I bet Microsoft has all kinds of opinions about how that's supposed to work. Now imagine that it's not just Microsoft paying for placement of their products, but Microsoft actually directly funding the content itself and showing up and saying, Hey, Steven, we noticed you used the iPhone in your amazing story episode, but you didn't really show off to best advantage. That's a fight that was bound to happen for sure. Yeah, I'm also impressed that Apple has possibly 24 series in the works, and I know that they're not all going to launch on the same day that would be crazy. But that's a lot of content. I bring it on. I need a new series. Actually, I don't. I can't get through the ones I'm watching already, but I want a new series. Stanford announced the launch of the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. It's an interdisciplinary hub for researchers and students to work toward a human set of values for AI and as a resource for politicians and policymakers to understand more about how AI actually works. The Institute aims to raise a billion dollars for research, cloud processing, and blurring talent from other startups to work at it. Advisory Board includes former Alphabet or Google Chairman Eric Schmidt, LinkedIn co-founder Reid Hoffman, former Yahoo Chief Executive Marissa Meyer, Yahoo co-founder Jerry Yang. If you're like, Hey, I wondered what all those people were up to lately. Well, now they're working on the board at least part of the time for the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. OpenAI was started with similar ideas of helping us explore ethically viable uses for AI. So it's good to see more of these kinds of organizations coming into being. What would we think besides ethics, which in general, people agree on codes of ethics in general? Around AI, though, that's where it does get debatable. But sure, we talk about a human-based value system. What are we talking about? Well, that's the thing. You say we all agree, murder is bad. I said in general, some people think murder is cool, but not many. I think it's fair to say most people we care about think murder is bad. It's the edge cases where it's like, yeah, but what if we used AI to remotely monitor the guns? And someone's like, no, not okay at all. You don't want them in any way connected to a firearm where others are like, look, monitoring the guns and allowing someone that's human to come in and make sure before they start firing, I mean, that's okay. Or if a human says, oh, put that spread pattern over there against that enemy, that's okay, right? I think that those little border cases is where it gets weird. And that's just, I'm just bringing up military because that's the easiest one for people to wrap their heads around. That's probably not even the majority of these conversations. They're about using it so that you don't manipulate people. I mean, that's one of the big fears is that AI will get so smart that it can just trick me by, you know, maneuvering the levers of what I like and my motivations into doing things that are against my best interests. Also, not one, but two former Yahoo folks as sitting at the board. Yeah, yeah. Or are they, have they been replaced by artificial intelligence? Oh, his new Jerry Yang was a little off. He was just a little too smart. Folks, if you want to get all the tech headlines each day in about five minutes, be sure to subscribe to DailyTechHeadlines.com. E-commerce has driven up the value of card payment processing. You see all around you easier than ever instant payment options, like Venmo, for instance. That's the most popular. Billion-dollar companies you've likely never heard of are breaking in the profits because of this increased use. And it's also likely not great for your local community bank or federal credit union. Every time you tap to pay for coffee or maybe send money to an overseas vendor, maybe you bought something from a store that's in a different continent or you bought something on eBay, even just backing us on Patreon, there are companies making money on handling the complex back end of a transaction that involves much more than your bank and whoever you're paying. We've talked in the past about how Apple Pay worked and you start to realize when you dig into how this transaction works and where your information is going that it is not as simple as, I put in my credit card, the credit card company then sends money to the merchant and I pay the credit card company. There are all kinds of authorizations and different companies handling different parts of those authorizations in between that I know a couple of people in our audience that work in the financial industry know of, but most people don't. That's why you likely glazed over the story about Fidelity National Information Services agreeing to buy World Pay for $35 billion because you're like, who are they? But McKinsey predicts that global payments, this back end system between what you see and what your merchants see is set to reach $3 trillion in revenue by 2023. That's not $3 trillion in what you're sending. That's the money that these companies bring in with their cut of the transactions. That's why the industry is quickly consolidating at a time when a lot of industries are holding off on consolidation because of uncertainty around trade situations in the world right now. World Pay just merged with Vantiv last year in advance of this new acquisition that they're doing with Fidelity National Investments and back in January, Pfizer bought a payment processor called First Data Corp for $22 billion. The other thing to realize about this is these companies have ironclad rules over how you can get your payments processed with them. If you are a company like PayPal or even Patreon or eBay or somebody that wants to process payments through them, you have to follow their rules and you generally can't talk about it. You generally can't tell anybody if the payment processor makes you do something that the payment processor made you do it. In addition, because we're all starting to use more of these payments processors, we're keeping less money in our local bank. Now, if we're keeping our money in a big multinational bank probably doesn't impact them as much, but your local community bank, your credit union, those companies, those banks are starting to see fewer deposits and something called deposit displacement. One thing that accounts for this are health savings accounts. That's something we have in the U.S. where you can take a part of your paycheck and socket aside to be used for tax-free spending on your healthcare, but there's also those peer-to-peer payments like Venmo or SquareCash. Venmo processed $64 billion last year. SquareCash processed $30 billion last year. A lot of times, when you get the money, you just leave it there until you want to pay somebody back. You don't put it in your bank. Merchant apps like the Starbucks app account for about $2 billion, just sitting in that app waiting for you to go and use that Starbucks card to buy a coffee. Then there are things that may be new to you like RoboAdvisorTools. RoboAdvisorTools are new startup services that say you put $1,000 here and tell us how risky you want us to be. We'll decide where to put it. A lot of 401ks do this, but then other services, you can just do that with your own money. ATKarnia estimates $2 trillion will be active in that industry by 2020. There's also these new Robinhood, Acorn, Stash, MoneyLion, Chime. These are all different takes on being versions of banks. They're generally not banks themselves, but they will like auto-invest your money or they'll provide you more insight into your spending with the guarantee that you'll save more money because you'll know more about how you spend your money. $5.6 billion going into savings and investment apps like Acorn and Stash, $1.7 billion going into Neobanks like MoneyLion and Chime. Point being, FinTech, Sarah, is not just some fancy buzzword. It's a billion-dollar industry that's happening largely out of the sight of what you do each day. Yes. Besides the whole concept of the mom and pop, whatever, it's a bank in this situation is being crushed by this new technology. It's like, okay, well, that's always a little bit of a, look at how the modern world is changing things around the main street. However, having more options in this case is a huge win for me, certainly on my life. I don't use all of the services that you just listed off, but I use a lot of them. And I also have, as of late, you have somebody who's like, I don't like Venmo. Can you cash app me? Yeah, sure. I've got that on my phone. Oh, I don't use cash app. Can you Zelle me? Yeah, sure, I've got that on my phone. It's like, it's a little bit of a, okay, who wants what and how do you do it? And do we have compatible OSs and that whole thing? There's a little bit of that going on. But for the most part, when I forget my wallet to go grab a coffee, boy, am I glad Apple Pay is out the register. And I understand that merchants sometimes have a little bit more complications on their end, sometimes more fees on their end. And yeah, I guess it's probably a nuisance more than anything that they can't mumble and grumble about it or have to jack up prices that end up being passed on to us. But I don't know, I find it hard to be outraged at all of the convenience that my life is enjoying with the adoption of these services. And trust me, I'm the last person who wants you to be more outraged. That is certainly not my point at all. My point is, you should be aware without being outraged about what's happening out there because I think a lot of folks don't realize that when they're using these apps or using even just their credit card, there's a lot more going on behind the scenes. And when merchants do things that are odd, like say, I'm not taking money from that person or that region anymore, a lot of times we blame the merchants when it may be the payment processor that's decided at too risky, not going to take it, not going to do it. And also you can't say that it's our decision. That happens out there. And also, when you want to transfer money, especially if you're doing remittances overseas, the fees can vary wildly, just depending on where you're sending it and what these payment processors have decided that day is going to be the best way to route it and charge for it. So it's a much more complex situation behind the scenes. I don't have an explanation of that today, but I just thought it would be interesting to hang on the news hook of this acquisition, the awareness that you've got tens of billions of dollars out there happening even though it's only taking fractions of a cent from your particular transaction because we have so many of these transactions happening now. The scale is gargantuan. I'm not sure when all y'all were last in a bank branch, but I was in one recently because I had to take out some money and there was a time was of the essence and it was too much to do online because for security reasons, there are weekly and daily caps depending on what service you use, but most of them have various caps. The place was bustling and I don't know what everybody else was doing there, but it was like I had to go into a physical bank and talk to somebody to make what I needed to happen happen. I have a huge bank. I banked with one of the most biggest banks in the world, so it's definitely not a local credit union that I was in. It might be a little bit different in the smaller banks, but I don't see branches going away anytime soon. They probably just will cater to more situations like the one that I was in. For the big banks, that's very true because it is cost effective to continue to operate those branches for various reasons that they can absorb the cost of because they can do so many different things. Whereas your credit union, which may have six or seven branches, might have a harder time justifying that because they just don't have the economy of scale for it. Exactly. Hey, thanks to everybody who participates in our subreddit. Whether you have a smaller, a big bank, we love you the same. Submit stories and vote on them at dailytechnewshow.reddit.com. If you hang out on Facebook, perhaps join our group or hang out there a little more often, facebook.com slash groups slash Daily Tech News Show. All right, let's check in with Chris Christensen, the amateur traveler who's got a personal account this week on facial recognition in US airports. Chris Christensen from amateur traveler with another tech in travel minute. Last week on the show, you discussed facial recognition systems in airports. And there's certainly some creepy things about that, although it's interesting to note that just last summer, facial recognition systems in the US airports caught the first imposter, somebody who did not match their passport. And it was caught with an automatic system, didn't try to be a terrorist or something, but it was somebody trying to sneak in the country. But I'd like to compare it with the system we had before. My son used to get stopped at security all the time because his name, Mike Christensen, which is not an uncommon name, was on the list of people who were on the no fly list. Well, my son was 10. And so really, just a simple look at a photograph probably would have fixed that. So maybe the old system we're replacing also had some flaws. I'm Chris Christensen from amateur traveler. Yes, not all systems are perfect for sure. That's really interesting, Chris. Thank you for that. All right, let's finish up with a couple emails from the mailbag. Yeah, we got an email from Tony. You might have noticed if you watched our video version of Friday's show that Patrick Norton looked amazing. Well, he always looks amazing, but the quality of his picture had the rest of us kind of drooling and asking lots of questions. So Tony says, I'm a Sony Sony camera user, Patrick was using a Sony camera as well. I have an A6300 for lighter photo projects and video. I also have a much more expensive full frame Sony, but the A6000 series cameras are great. However, I wanted to point out if you're considering one and Tom said that he might be the A6400 just just came out would probably be ideal. It includes 4k, better autofocus, unlimited video recording limit with improved battery efficiency and less overheating issues. A little bit more expensive, but still very affordable as far as nice cameras go at 900 for the body only. With a kit lens, it's a little bit more, but I get the body only and spend a little extra cash for a nicer lens. The kit lens, not that sharp and the small and variable maximum aperture makes it harder to use in low light, just my unsolicited advice. Thank you, Tony. Good stuff. And Andrew added one thing that can get left out when discussing the breakup of Facebook, the potential breakup of Facebook and other monopolies is the rules around their interaction after being split up. If Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram were technically three separate companies, but they still gave each other special treatment, essentially still acting as one, then nothing is gained. About a decade ago, the New Zealand government split up the country's largest telco into three, infrastructure, retail and business wholesale. But the key was they could not give each other special deals. Any wholesale rates offered to their sister retailer had to also be available to every other internet retailer. And now we have dozens of internet providers in every city, all paying dues to the infrastructure company. It's a win-win. If Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram were separate companies, it would be interesting to know what trade rules would be in place to ensure that they actually created competition. Yeah, good point. Yeah, especially when the pivot to privacy from Zuckerberg last week was, I'm going to make sure Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram all interoperate on messaging. Indistinguishable, in fact. One could conceive that if that were to happen at post breakup, they would have to offer that integration to other messaging apps outside of the former Facebook family. Oh, wouldn't that be interesting? Girl can dream. Thanks, everybody who emails us. And thanks to everybody who supports DTNS. We love you all. Yes, our goal each month is to get one more patron than last month. And you could be the person to put us over the top. If you're not already a member of DTNS, you can get an ad free RSS feed, special episodes from myself on how we do the show, special episodes looking back on the tech news of the past. We looked back at March 2014 last week for the co-executive producers. Find out all about it and sign up at patreon.com. slash D T N S. If you've got a question, you've got a comment, you've got a burning grape, we'll take them. Feedback at dailytechnewshow.com is where to email us. We're live Monday through Friday at 4.30 p.m. Eastern, 2030, UTC. And you can find out more at dailytechnewshow.com slash live. Back tomorrow with Patrick Beja. Talk to you then. This show is part of the Frog Pants Network. Get more at frogpants.com. Well, I hope you've enjoyed this program. It's 2230 UTC, right? It's 20. It just says 22 in there. So I just say 20. Do we have daylight saving time? Did that, we should double, we should make sure. If you look at 2030 UTC online, it converts to 4.30 p.m. Eastern. Got it. And also last daylight savings, we said 2030 for like eight months. Right now it's 2100. So 2030 is correct. It's wrong in the template. How did that happen? It's all right. I don't care what it says. I just say it right. I mean, we've been doing this for two weeks. I was just like, every time I'm like, change the template, Sarah, change the template. But I just know what to say. So I just keep not changing it. I don't know. But we, we, we were saying it right before also now it's wrong in all the show notes. So we got to go back and change. Oh shoot. I forgot about that. I was thinking that no one knew the mistake except us. No, everybody sees these lineups because they become the public schooner. Yeah, it's 20. And then standard time is 21. This is my, this is my, you know, it's, it's. So, so what happened was we changed the template the wrong direction. Yeah. Yeah. It was, it was correct. Well, because, because you think we're springing forward. So it makes sense, but it UTC is crazy. It doesn't work that way. UTC doesn't move. That's the, that's the thing. Right. All right. So yeah, it said 21 30 on March 8th, and it should have gone to 2030. And instead we did 22 in the template. All right. That's all fixed math. Good. Again, Tom, if we just get rid of time zones. Right. Seriously. We should get rid of the metric system. That's one thing I don't like. The metric system is the argument. I knew I'd get Roger on my side. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. All right. I just don't, I just don't understand who would ever want to use the metric system. Most of the world. Gosh, you're, you're so easy to rattle up. Did you get upset when you were teased as a child? Not only about the metric system. I think all kids get upset when they get to use about the metric system. Yeah. I know I see adults where I'm like, you got to learn to get teased a little bit more. I know. I know. But you know, but I'm not talking about you. The metric system is just, you know, it's just sort of a sad system. The metric system is that one thing where I'm like, that's how I feel about standard versus daylight time. It's one of those things where I will get, I will get unnecessarily riled up when someone gets it wrong. I think too. The fact, like the daylight saving time aspect of this mistake that we were just talking about is what angers me. I'm like, we just need one time zone. And so when Amos said, this is why we shouldn't have time zones, and I was like, yes, standardization. And then you immediately were like, I wish we didn't have that big standard. I was like, ah, that's the opposite. Sometimes I say things specifically to upside you. Who gets to be certain? We got some great titles today. Oh yeah. What do we got in here? Number one would be MySpace, misplaced by Mixtape. I love the alliteration. Yeah, that's good. Feel the beat of the rhythm of the heart. Apple watches my heart. That's pretty good. Eld Barge, right? Yeah. That's correct. I don't even know where that came from. How do I know that? Tapping doesn't always pay. How do I know the song, right? He also did Who's Johnny? Who's Johnny? Oh yeah. We're at Short Circuit. Is that from Short Circuit? Yeah. Okay, that's what I thought. Oh my gosh, that's so funny. Which if you haven't watched those in a while, go back and try to do about 15, 20 minutes of one of the Short Circuit movies. Oh, they're not good. I mean, the first one really is the only one. A lot of movies don't age well. But Short Circuit in particular is almost unwatchable. Short Circuit 2 wasn't impressive to me then. I can't imagine it would have aged better. But my brother loved the original Short Circuit. The first Short Circuit isn't... I actually still like it because it's very 80s. 2 is just bad even for when it was released. That's what I was saying. But the... Yeah, I don't think going back and watching Short Circuit 2 makes your point. You got to watch Short Circuit 1 to just realize just how badly it aged. I remember how old I was when Short Circuit came out because I remember we watched it in like... Well, maybe when it came to VHS because we watched it in school one day. I don't know why. I mean, it's offensive, but not for the obvious reasons. But I don't know. I liked it. It was very much of the... There were a lot of offensive 80s movies that just sort of went over our heads at the time. Howard the Duck. Remember that movie? That was another Allie Sheedy movie. Yeah. Short Circuit also had that. That was like... And the Ferris Bueller principle. He was in that, right? Yeah, because he played the villain. Yeah. I loved Howard the Duck. I thought it was amazing. I never knew it was a comic book, but I just loved the movie. Oh, it was a terrible movie. Terrible movie. Oh, but it was very popular with kids. They all loved that movie. I didn't realize it was a comic book until just now. A series out of it. Allie Sheedy was an X-Men apocalypse. She was. I didn't watch that one. What did we go with? My Space? Ms. Placement? I put My Space, Ms. Placement, Mixtape in the Dock. I will always put the title in the Dock for you. Thank you, Dad. Tom Merritt, our father. Who art? Over here. Who art? Who art in the Dock. Who art in the Valley? How will it be thy house? Tom, if you don't mind, I'm going to throw a quick plug out there. I've got Rich Strafolino of Daily Take Headlines on Rich and Misery with me this week. Now, what if I hadn't marked it? Well, then I would just, you know, was it act first? Ask for forgiveness afterwards. Yes. How you get what you want. Don't ask for permission. Ask for forgiveness. Yeah, thankfully, would have been totally fine with that, even if I had known ahead of time. That's awesome. Yeah. So, I might be able to get a little unfiltered Rich Strafolino on Thursday night. Woo-hoo. Find out the secrets behind one of your favorite Daily Take Headlines hosts. Yes. Well, I mean, your favorite on Monday and Friday anyway. Yeah, Tuesday and Thursday, obviously the best days. Yeah. Wednesday is your pinnacle. I mean, it's right there in the middle of the week. Just holding on, keeping everybody balanced. Yeah, I hadn't thought about the pyramid aspect of that. Tom Merritt, the news hump. Why haven't I gone by that before now? I don't know. Possibly. You can have that one for free. Oh, yeah. I see a new Twitter tagline coming. Wow. Oh, it could be a podcast show, the news hump. Maybe I'll change the name of editor's desk. There you go. Yeah. Well, did you all have good St. Patrick's days? You know, I didn't celebrate in any way. Didn't wear green. Didn't drink any beer. Um, but I had a nice day yesterday. Did a lot of OS 10 upgrading. Felt good. It's a great way. Felt like I got some stuff done. Yeah. Like the ancient Celts. Yeah. I celebrated my heritage in the best way possible. My family would have been very proud. It was like my forefathers did. Did you do it in an awkward skirt? I wonder around your house. Okay. No, no, I didn't. I didn't wear a skirt. I believe you rounded it out. No, no, no. But I did play a bagpipe the entire time. Well, it's okay. Or you got carling. Eating corned beef. Updating. Oh, I told these guys before that we started recording. I went to a British pub and had corned beef and cabbage on the 16th. Okay. I just, yeah, I just like thumbed my nose at the whole concept. Yeah. I don't like St. Patrick's Day. And it's not, I don't dislike the concept of St. Patrick's Day, but it is amateur hour if you're going out and about, at least in my experience. I don't want to go to a bar on St. Patrick's Day. People are drunk at 4 p.m. and acting silly. And the fact that it fell on a Sunday this year is like even worse, because then you can really be like drunk at 4 p.m. We were going to get sushi yesterday on St. Patrick's Day. And then the place we parked to investigate the sushi place ended up having a really cool looking pizza place. So we're like, hmm, pizza sounds pretty good. And it was not crazy. Like it was not full of, you know, amateurs. So we ended up going into a pub and having pizza on St. Patrick's Day. And I had a cider. Well, that sounds nice. Was the pizza good? It was. It was really good. There you go. I would go back. I missed the Shamrock shake. You missed it? Yeah. I don't know why I always get one every... What is it? What's the flavor? Sugar. Oh, the flavor. Yeah, I don't... Is there another flavor besides sweetness? Is it like minty or because it's green or no? I never had one. It's just kind of like, it's like cream to mint, but without the alcohol. The alcohol. So it's minty. All right. I played Civilization 6 with my son for pretty much the entire day. That sounds fun. It was.  Well, he was brand new to Civ 6, so it was kind of, you know, greening him in. Does that count? I think that counts. Did it hit Ireland at all? Or no? No, I played France by a random selection. And I don't know who he's playing yet because we haven't encountered each other in-game. Well, who knows? Maybe... I thought you were going to say you played the English and you invaded Ireland and starved them. Like, oh, that's perfect. True to history. Not so much.  Friend of mine who grew up in Boston, who's Italian. He was like, Saint Patrick's Day is the day that Italians don't go outside. Because Irish and Italian people sometimes clash, especially in a town like Boston. I was like, really? And he was like, oh yeah, like Saint Patrick's Day is like you hide. Like it's a day of hiding. I was like, huh, that's not what we did in Sebastopol. We just wore green. Grew apples. And grew apples. And sometimes ate green apples. I did stumble across a odd conversation between two Lowe's employees about whether or not the female employee should pinch the male employee due to his not wearing green. That was very awkward. I didn't wear green on Saint Patrick's Day. Eileen was wearing green by accident. Like we sat down to eat. And she's like, hey, I'm actually wearing green. I didn't even plan that. And I said, pinch me. I went through a brief period. I was very young. But I definitely believed that leprechauns existed. And I wanted three wishes. And so I would like... I thought you just got the gold. You get three wishes? I don't know. I mean, there's probably lots of versions of the story. In my version, if you find a four-leaf clover, a leprechaun will appear and you get three wishes. Sure. And I already knew what my wishes were going to be. Like I had thought it through like at age six, like extensively. And so it was like on Saint Patrick's Day, it was like hanging out around clovers looking for them, like calling to the leprechaun. Like I really did this. I think at some point my parents were like, this is unhealthy. Like there's no leprechaun. Like there just isn't. This isn't going to happen. Get out of the weeds. I've been weary of wishes ever since I started playing D&D. I just, people make wishes for their birthday. And I'm like, yeah, you sure you're asking for what you want? Be careful. It's like a contract. My brother texted me, my sister and my mom yesterday. If we have a small amount of Irish heritage, does that make us leprechauns? Because you'd be small? And my sister responded, no, it makes us Irish. Partially. To which I responded, 23 and me says I'm Irish and anybody who disagrees could fight me. Definitely Irish. And my mom just kind of bowed out at the conversation at that point. It's funny on a group text. You can always tell the person who's just like, I don't like this conversation because like 20 things will go back and forth and they just never chime in. And you know that it's not because they're busy.  Sometimes that person is me. I'm on a lot of group texts. Well, speaking of bowing out, how about we say goodbye to our video folks? Yes. Well, starting at such sweet sorrow. Thank you, video. We'll begin tomorrow though. Audio folks, stick around though. There's more to come.


Life on the Red Horse Ranch. It seems that part of a strange map, found in young Dui Dawson's locket, will lead to the place where Trigger Dawson buried Ollie's loot, shortly before he was killed. Hoping to find the rest of the map in an Indian mound along Rohing River, Alabama's discovered that someone has been there ahead of him, and it's gone. Now, let's join the boys out on the trail. I've bummed in weather, hot and cold, and boys, I'm here to shout, Oh, it's heck to bum in Texas when it rains! Oh, it's heck to bum in Texas when it rains! With those darned oripless jails and the rain of sharpest nails, Oh, it's heck to bum in Texas when it rains! Oh, it's heck to bum in Texas when it rains! Oh, I couldn't swim or float, and you can't bum from a boat, Oh, it's heck to bum in Texas when it rains! I bummed good gin in Switzerland when it was wet or thawed, I've even bummed in Scotland, boys, where whiskey burns your heart, Oh, it's heck to bum in Texas when it rains! Oh, it's heck to bum in Texas when it rains! I get water on my knees. Oh, it's heck to bum in Texas when it rains!  We are packing out of here. We've been on the peck, Alabama. There was no fault of ours that somebody beat us to that Indian mount. I'd give my right arm to know who beat us up here, and the left one to know how they found out about the other half of that map being buried here. Well, we saw plenty to know we was too late. Cookie, you about packed? Yeah, it's us trying to pack this stuff on old whirlwind. I don't know what's the matter. It's damn stealing now. It seems to me if you hadn't brought so many of them pots and pans and stuff along, you wouldn't have had so much trouble loading them on that burrow. Come on, Tex, I'll play the guitar and you sing for them a while. Yeah, I'll play this on the Tex. Traveling along on the old Texas trail On the trail that leads back where friends never fail That's where the ranch's daughter is waiting for me In the little ranch house on the old Circle B I've been around from the east to the west But I'd rather go back to friends I love best In my dreams I've been living where life is so free In the little ranch house on the old Circle B Travel along, little pony Get along on your way back to Texas to stay I used to ride the rangers all day For hills and through canyons far, far away But the prettiest sight I ever could see Was the little ranch house on the old Circle B Oceans and rivers and mountains and all Wouldn't keep me away while I can crawl That will be a wedding for Molly and me In the little ranch house on the old Circle B Travel along, little pony Get along on your way back to Texas to stay Cookie, if you don't think get things set to go before long We're going to ride off without you. No, Alibam, I've been wondering about this map. You've got any ideas? Well, I can't say it's that. Well, you might tell me what that writing's supposed to be At the top there with half of it torn away. Well, let's see. There's letters missing from two words here. One word ends in RE and the other in RT. Well, you can figure out why we're writing back Toward home, Idaho.  Yeah, that's it. I don't pack food either with some job not sure it's time. All right then, let's go. Yeah, that's it. I don't stay on my feet. Poor old Cookie. Them pots and pans are spread all over an acre of ground. Yeah, that's it. I'm done now. Gotta pick them all up for me. Cookie, if you ain't the beatin' this food sourdough I ever saw, now pick up all of that stuff and let's get to moving.  Now you go on away from here, Arizona.  Oh, I'll leave him alone, Arizona. Come on, let's sing Cookie a pretty song about his burrow while we're waitin'. Come on, Idaho.  I'm lookin' at this map. All right, boys, let's sing it. This long rod is slam. A palm and storm can't hurt you well. Yeah, ain't doin' it right. What make you think you can do any better if you think you can come here and pack the stuff? Oh, well, now watch me. And still, now whirlwind. Well, that burrow sure is gettin' funnier. Now you'll watch a couple that really knows how to pack. Now you'll see it like this. I see. Hey, Alabama. How does this strike you? You think you've got somethin' figured out, Idaho? Well, I can't say. But look at this map. Now, here is Roaring River, runnin' from north to south. Down here is the town of Roaring River. Let's draw a line from the town up through this point that's marked Sentinel Rock, then on up to Lone Oak here and to Twin Peaks. You know, I think the trail weird to take. Well, here we are, Cookie. That burrow's packed just as good as you please. By an expert. Well, it looks like Cookie's finally ready to go. There he is. Things is packed right now. Remember that, Cookie, whenever you want anything, just call an old Arizona. Well, I'm glad we're ready to get that burrow to move. Yes. Come on here now.  Arizona? Don't you pack them pants for the burrow so that you get out of my way and I'll put them on there myself. All right, fellas. We might as well have another tune. I've got some French harp warmed up there, Tex. Let's hear something from all of you, fellas. I'm trying to figure out them words that was torn off of here. One of them is an arty, don't they? Yeah. Why couldn't that first one be where? And the other one would be heart. Well, these four words, Cheyenne. Where the heart beat. How would that make sense, Idaho? Hold your horses, Alabama. All right. Look at this line we drew through those points on the map. Yeah. It starts at the town of Roaring River, swings out to the east, and then back to the river at that big X there. There we are. Now, suppose there was a trail started on the other side of the river and followed that same course. Well, that would be in the shape of a heart, wouldn't it? Yeah. And I figured that where the heart meets is where them two trails would meet, right there at that big X on Roaring River. We'll find the hidden money, Idaho. I believe you're right. We hope I don't hope that the boys don't take the trail, but we'll want to follow the boys. Plenty of adventure is about to follow.