that impact sports. I'm your host, Angela Hazelett. Today's guest is J.W. Cannon, the senior director of corporate and sports alliances for the American Cancer Society. Today we are going to discuss corporate and sports alliances, creating impact through sports. Welcome, J.W. Thanks for joining us today. Oh, thanks for having me. Always great to see you, Angela. Absolutely, J.W. Well, I'm excited to share with our viewers a little more about what you do because you're creating an amazing impact in the world and using sport as leverage to do that. So tell us a little bit more corporate and sport alliances. What are they and why are they important to the American Cancer Society? Well, I'm at the American Cancer Society like anybody has the need to connect with people, right? And we can't do so just through our mission. We have to do so through passion point marketing and passion point relationships and sports have shown the ability to really connect with fan bases in a very deep and emotional way. And it's proven, you know, time and time again for them to be able to drive fundraising and drive civic engagement, you know, which is why it's important for us to be in that space. And you mentioned the impact that it has on fans. But there also can be an impact on the team and the athletes themselves, correct? Like you have several campaigns that are running with professional sports organizations that raise awareness and funding for cancer research. So tell me a little bit more about some of these campaigns that you have. Well, the, you know, the unfortunate part about cancer is that it impacts everybody, right?  So this is whether it impacts them personally. They come down with it or whether they have somebody who's close to them. And we've had a number of long standing partnerships with fantastic leagues such as the NFL, we have our upcoming Crucial Catch campaign, which has raised tens of millions of dollars in support of getting people critically screened in underserved markets and in the NFL markets. We've got our NHL program with Occupied Cancer, where we are providing free rise treatment for people who have been impacted by cancer in places to stay, as well as our 24-7 helpline. That's part of that. We've got programs that you have seen with Minor League Baseball. We've got a budding relationship with the NBA and the WNBA. And so we've built one of the strongest, what we feel is one of the strongest sports portfolios at the American Cancer Society in all of the nonprofit world, which we think will give us an edge, you know, from a fundraising standpoint and also bringing awareness to a really good cause. So it really is a lot more than just cancer research that American Cancer Society is supporting. You're talking about helping people get screenings, you know, maybe even before they've identified that they have cancer, and also helping people get transportation to and from treatments, which can be really, really important. What would you say from your campaigns that you have, which is your longest standing? Which one of you maybe had the largest impact? Can you tell us a little bit more about that? Well, the NFL is by far our longest standing campaign with a league. And many of you guys had seen the previous iteration of it, where it was all about breast cancer awareness, raising funds for breast cancer research, and the pink everywhere recent years, we have shifted that to focus on raising awareness of the importance of screening, in particular underserved communities for all cancers. And what we found is that black and brown communities in particular have been disproportionately impacted by both cancer mortality and incidence rates. I mean, if you go, what was the codes over from where I live right here, you could have those flipped on their end. And so it's important that we're using this as a, and the megaphone that comes with the NFL as a way to champion for people who otherwise wouldn't know to get those critical screenings, don't have the access to get them for a variety of reasons, don't understand the risks associated with certain types of socioeconomic or behavioral things that could lead to cancer and the funds that are raised through that relationship go to help support those underserved communities. And you mentioned that the NFL is your longest standing relationship. Or does that also mean that it has the greatest impact, or do you measure impact differently for each campaign? I mean, it's a little bit of both, right?  So the impact is measured first and foremost through the dollars that we do raise to help support the cause. But secondarily, these relationships that we built within the sporting world have an immense megaphone for us to take advantage of to reach fans about the importance of whatever we're trying to champion through that relationship, in the case of the NFL, it's through the importance of screening, right? And so they have this great way to connect with people. So we do measure it in terms of our reach that we're getting because it is a marketing vehicle for us. But also in terms of the number of people that we impact through the relationship, right? The number of screenings that people would otherwise not have access to, the number of rides to treatment, the number of night stays that are hope lodged, which are essentially these lodges that are close to cancer centers that people can come to and stay for free with their caregivers for treatment while they're getting treatment. How many nights are we funding for those? So we do measure it in terms of impact that way, in addition to the fundraising that we do create for that relationship. Yeah, absolutely. It's important to make sure that those campaigns are effective. And you mentioned earlier that previously the relationship with the NFL was focused on this October breast cancer awareness, wearing pink. Are you saying that the wearing pink won't happen on the gridiron this year?  But, you know, the NFL several years ago has gone through with their own transition, right? And looking at all the various relationships and they said, how can we shift in order to make the greatest amount of impact to our relationships? And so we came together on the importance of this message. And now it's focused on all cancers as opposed to one that focuses on one specific area.  And so while pink is a very, very powerful marketing tool, and it's something, and it's a campaign that's super important that impacts a lot of people, we're now impacting a much greater amount of people because we're not isolating our campaign to just focusing on low cancer. Not just the cancers that are widely known, but maybe some of the lesser known cancers as well can be part of your campaign and your messaging. For sure. During COVID, did you shift at all with your messaging, your branding? How did COVID impact sports shutdown or we're playing the empty stadiums and arenas? And how did that impact the American Cancer Society? And it impacted us like a lot of nonprofits. It certainly impacted us both from my relevant standpoint and a fundraising standpoint. My cancer was not first and foremost in people's minds when they were thinking about what dollars or where they're going to help support charitable organizations. It was not first and foremost in their minds. And so we had to shift not only from a broader organization standpoint into how we raise funds, right? We were very heavily focused on events, right? You know, people gathering and during COVID, people were not gathering as much. And so a lot of our fundraising became more digital in nature. We had to make some strategic investments in the infrastructure in order to be able to accommodate those sorts of programs. We had to really think differently and innovate in a way that we hadn't done before. And from a sports perspective, you know, we were not isolated to that, right? You know, we had to focus more of our campaigns on connecting with people through content, digital fundraisers, things of that nature, things that didn't necessarily rely on what I call hand in hand combat, right? You know, it's places where people have to gather like dinners and events and walks and in person fundraisers. We had to avoid that for a good portion of the time. And good news is that the sports world I think was a lot more ahead of the rest of the world in that regard. So it allowed us to really capitalize on a trend because people were anxious for sports, right? They were anxious. They were craving the content and they were craving, you know, being able to experience that connection to their teams in a time where they couldn't actually see them on the field. And so we were lucky enough to be able to kind of dovetail into some of those efforts as well. Did you have any resistance and any alliances that you have, preexisting alliances or forging new relationships? I imagine these teams, these leagues, they had a lot of additional responsibilities and concerns with making sure people were safe and healthy. And I would imagine helping with a campaign for the American Cancer Society may have been secondary to that. Did you experience any challenges during that time period that made it hard to kind of forge with these relationships? You know, our existing partners recognize, you know, the importance of sticking with us and being able to support us because, you know, they knew that we were also hurting and that our patients and the folks that we're trying to serve have needs. You know, and I would be lying if I didn't tell you that, you know, from a new business standpoint, forging new partnerships, it was a little bit more difficult just because, like you said, that wasn't the first and foremost in their minds, right? Their focus was on the here and now and what they could control and things that were already under the tense, so to speak. And so it was important for them to focus on those new relationships, but thankfully, you know, we have a lot of great relationships in tow already and that enabled us to sort of, you know, bridge the gap to get us through that hard time and continue to grow. And prior to coming to the American Cancer Society, you had a really unique position to work with ESPN and the Home Depot account to help with the creation of ESPN's College Game Day, which is a football broadcast traveling road show that takes place at different universities each week. So kind of building a set, tearing it down, moving on to the next location, which may be unknown from week to week. And so this has really become a Saturday morning staple across the country for millions of viewers. Tell me about this really unique partnership and how did this idea to do College Game Day and have the Home Depot be affiliated with it? How did that happen? Well, I'm sponsoring a television show at the time and now we're going back 20 years now. So as you bring here here a little bit, there was a lot more of it and a lot less gray at that time. But, you know, going back 20 years ago, sponsoring a TV show was not a new thing, right? But what we had done with that platform, and I worked for Home Depot's agency at that time, Octagon, in helping to build part of the fun, what that experience looked like. You know, we looked at it through a different lens from the lens that College Game Day itself, you know, had some value as an intellectual property, something for us to capitalize on, something for us to use as a rallying point for fans of college football and also who happened to be home improvement consumers, right? And so, you know, the thing that was different from that is that we sort of took what was traditionally advertising and just logo placement and commercial ad units in the broadcast and brought it outside of that environment. So taking a look at what the onsite experience looked like, how could we use that as a way to captivate not just the at-home audience on television, but the in-person audience for College Game Day that came out to watch that show every week? How could we use that to bring that in store and create experiences and work with vendors to create special offers that could target home improvement fans? How could we use that as a way to leverage content outside of that environment by leveraging the talent who were the personalities themselves that weren't really being heavily leveraged at that time, right? And so we created this really 360 wheel around the College Game Day property and put it through all facets of Home Depot's business and treated it almost like a traditional sponsorship, you know, which you're looking back on it 20 years now, now it's the North, right? Most of these TV shows are trying to recreate the same thing and using College Game Day as the model. And many of the things that you see on College Game Day today, you know, the channels have changed, you know, in terms of social media rising to prominence and the like, but a lot of those same sorts of tactics and ways of looking at the business are still in place 20 years today, which tells me, you know, that we did something right along the way. Absolutely. You kind of set the standard there for what that could look like. Tell me about the early days though. You mentioned this 20 years ago. It's still going strong. So obviously the foundation was good, but were there bumpy moments or were there challenging moments when you were first rolling out this campaign? Oh, for sure. I mean, there was a lot of trying to figure it out and build the plane as we fly it and seeing what works. A lot of the core components of it that you see today, like I said, are still in place.   So it was, it was a lot of experimentation and the challenge being not knowing where you're going on a week to week basis. You know, that adds an extra wrinkle of having to plan things on a week to week basis. The good news, you know, today for the folks who are working on the College Game Day program is that there isn't a single school in the United States that's going to turn down College Game Day, but that wasn't the case 20 years ago. A lot of people looked at it sometimes as a pain in the butt. And so while we didn't have to handle any of that, thankfully ESPN did all those negotiations. It did create some ups and downs in terms of knowing where you're going to be going on a given basis, not having the best real estate location, you know, to be able to set up the set. You know, nowadays that is not a problem, but that also means that the pressure is tenfold and the amount of dollars that are being spent are tenfold in the amount, but the amount of impact is also tenfold today too. So a lot has changed. But back then it was, you know, a lot of building the plane like while we were flying it. A building. How appropriate for a home improvement company.  So and I still use them to the day and, you know, given my time at UPS, I said a lot of like, we're going to deliver this home, you know, so yeah, they don't channel change. So you, you've had the opportunity to work with with really big name brands and companies and what led you to make a shift to the American Cancer Society? You know, not that I didn't. I really, really enjoyed all of the positions that I've had in the world, but during my career, but you know, I felt there was something missing for me and I think it was more of a personal thing and the desire to have more impact with the work that I do. And I just so happened to meet someone who had gone through the same professional transition that I did, who ultimately ended up recruiting me over to some work at the American Cancer Society, you know, that where we can sort of use the the fun tools in our toolbox that we've been able to work with for the entirety of our careers, but now we can use it as a force for good rather than one that's just selling widgets. Not that there's anything wrong with that, but there's something inherently great about going home every day at the end of the day and saying, you know, you tried to cure cancer today, and that's why we're all here is to end that mission or to complete that mission to find a cure for this terrible disease. It's going to mean that I'm out of a job if that happens, but it'll be a hell of a party, that's for sure. More time on the beach at that point, if that happens. I guess so. One thing that any time a partnership or an alliance is formed, you have to be careful about the reputation of the partners that you're dealing with. If we think about Lance Armstrong and his doping scandal, he was affiliated with the cancer organization Livestrong, and they had to separate and distance themselves from Lance Armstrong as he became known as someone who had been cheating in sports. So reputation is really important. Can you talk to me about like a crisis communication plan or reputation? How do you identify who you're going to work with and what do you do when something happens that might compromise that relationship or that reputation that you've relied on? It's all about preparation. You mentioned having a crisis communication plan, so when we go into forging relationships, there's a significant amount of research that's done into what are all of the potential risks of partnering with that organization. Are they in alignment with our values? Is there a risk of one of the athletes doing something that would be a deterrent to our brand? Is there a risk of the league itself and the reputation they've created doing something that could harm our brand? We try and figure out all of those things ahead of time and develop a communications plan that is tied to each one of those potential outcomes. The unfortunate part about it is that there are so many different outcomes that you can't prepare for them all, but so long as you create an infrastructure that at least you're talking about them as they come up and you're bringing in the right people into the fold to address them quickly, then I think you're good. But the importance of it, of having a plan ahead of time and knowing who to bring into the fold early on is of utmost importance in those instances. Would you say the risks were greater for commercial for-profit businesses that you've worked for in the past versus a non-profit philanthropic organization like the American Cancer Society? Not necessarily. Our job is to just like a job of a for-profit organization is to generate sales. Our job is to raise funds. So we have sort of the same goal even though our tax status is different. And so our reputation means a lot, especially it sounds weird to say competition, but there's a lot of competition in the non-profit space. And that pie is only so big and you need to make sure that you're trying to grow your slice of the pie, but I'll also try to maintain your existing slice of the pie. And a lot of that is tied to the reputation that you have and the impact of the work that you do. So it's super, super important in our line of work, even though we are not a for-profit company to make sure that we're protecting our brand and our reputation. Yeah. And kind of cultivating that reputation through those alliances that you may have. Tell me a little bit about your time with UPS and what you did for them in this space. So I spent seven years at UPS overseeing their domestic sponsorship platform, and I started their global, what we call the Center of Excellence for Corporate Events. So our platform in the United States around sports sponsorships was mainly tied to college sports. We had spent a long time in the sport of NASCAR, and NASCAR was a wonderful property for many years, but at the time it become extremely regionalized. And we were looking to see what we could do that could have a broader impact on our customer base. Who could we reach more? And college sports touches every community, both rural and urban, across the entire company. And we also saw it as a way for us to connect with our growing customer base and small business and middle market segments. And so we built a really large platform in college sports with the NCAA with three conferences. And at the time was the largest, what was the largest individual school deal signed at one time, which we did a 69 school deal with IMG college at that time. And the events side of the business, we went from running five to six small events from our group to eventually managing several hundred events across the globe for our entire company, building standards, procedures and policies along the way on how to help the company better manage some of these events that previously hadn't been managed. So I got to do a lot in my short time there. It sounds like events is one of your key cornerstones of the history of how you've been involved with these organizations. That requires a lot more planning and work. And would you say that the events side has greater impact typically than just more of a pure advertising type of campaign? I think it depends on what you're trying to accomplish, right? Every brand, every company is a little bit different. Every brand is a little bit different in terms of what their objectives are and what they're trying to accomplish as a company. And so for us, events were a great way for us to interact with our customer base. In the case of ACS, it's a great way for us to bring people together and raise a ton of money when people are doing it face to face. Events are staple of the sports industry, right? People gathering are important. The challenge is not everybody can have access to those events, right? So what are you creating around those partnerships in order to engage people who can't attend the Super Bowl, who can attend the national championship game or something along those lines to engage those folks? And that's where a lot of those programs like, or there's tactics like advertising come into play because it helps you engage them in a different way and talk to them about your relationship and hopefully engage them that way. And you mentioned social media as a growing importance. And imagine you have a really strict plan on how you promote something, how you post something, but it's pretty easy to send something and fire it into the wide world through the internet. So talk to me a little bit about some additional risks that you may experience through using social media as a vehicle. Well, it requires constant monitoring for sure, because you don't like to be caught off guard with something that somebody posts and that the fact remains is that because social media is typically immediate, you know, once something gets posted out there, especially if it's somebody who already has a significant audience, you are at risk, you know, and it's hard to take it back. And there are always people out there who are looking for gotcha moments. And so we have to understand that. We have to develop a communications plan to deal with what those things sort of happens, whether it's be prepared to put out a statement, whether it's be prepared to rebut those things that someone might say on our behalf. And if worst case scenario, you know, cut ties with that league or that individual if it's bad enough. But, you know, hopefully it never comes to that. But, you know, it does that immediacy and that need to connect with fans, you know, really increases the level of risk that's associated with those things in a way that, you know, 20 years ago, we really didn't have to worry about, right? We just had to worry about when people stuck a microphone in your face and what they would say. So it's certainly, the game has certainly changed. But with that has also changed the level of engagement opportunities that you have with your customer base as well. It's opened up a much, much broader, broader world from an engagement standpoint that we never could have been thought possible 20 years ago. So there are positives and negatives. But the negatives you just have to be prepared for. In your current role as the American Cancer Society, are you looking to tap into the future of sports like eSports? We have pickleball is booming. Are you guys looking at the longevity of these sports potential platforms to create these relationships and campaigns? For sure. I mean, we have to, like any business, we have to invest for the future.  But in terms of time and resources devoted on developing a marketplace for us to really engage with, we have to do that just like any other business, right?  And so we're always trying to look at what is next for the sports world and how we might be able to capitalize on it. And again, the good go back to my original statement, answer impacts everybody. So the good news, good news, bad news, bad news that impacts everybody. Good news is it gives me something to talk about when we go and put and talk to new people and new brands and bring them up to speed on the work that we're doing and how we might be able to work together. Absolutely. Well, thanks, JW. I appreciate your time and sharing with us about corporate and sports alliances and how you're creating impact through sports. So thank you for your time today. You bet. Always happy to do it. Good to see you again. You too. I appreciate it. And thanks to our viewers for joining us today on the Sports Playbook. We will see you next time.


Thank you to the organizers to be invited here to speak about things which you all know and which you will certainly consider to be a wonderful trivial at the end, but maybe confusing. And so I will go into the subject with slides and with some formula on the backboard. And I also will give some references at the end, and so if anybody wants to get a copy of the slides, you can get them with references too. They will be on the website. Oh, wonderful. Okay. The problem which I want to address is whether quantum mechanics has something to do with higher brain functions. And that was the subject of an article which Christoph Koch and I wrote for Nature. And Nature was very far-sighted. We had a question mark at the end, and that was of course completely wrong because quantum mechanics is very important for the brain, I mean the whole matter is quantum mechanics. And so I'm happy to have as a subject two things. One is I want to give first a short view on classical electrodynamics of a brain, of a classical brain, so that you can see about what we are speaking. And that's of course the brains which we have inside ourselves, and you will recognize some of those things. But there are two things in our article which we addressed very pointedly.  And I think that since the writing of this paper no really good quantum algorithms have been found, and maybe we'll never find anything which could possibly implement interesting computations in the brain.  And I think that's good to address to you one well-known formula is if you have a free particle so h equals to b squared over 2m, and you take as initial wave packet a Gaussian, so pi sigma is normalization minus one-half, oh one-half, well sigma is the width of this wave packet at the time 0, and if you take a realistic thing of mass of an electron 10 to the minus 30 kilogram, and sigma one angstrom that means 10 to the minus 8 meter, and you compute the thing at later time, you find that this looks very simple sigma t, well let us take just the square root of this, and yeah I take sigma square here, and yeah so minus one exponent of x squared over 2 sigma t squared, and here is also sigma squared, and the sigma of t is the square root of 1 plus h bar t squared over m squared sigma 0 4 times the sigma of 0, and that means that if I take those things here, this localization, then I'm fine for instance at well sigma of 1 second is equal to 10 to the 6 meter, which is ridiculous for our world, right, because we know that our world is the chair and such things don't change, and this is something very fundamental to do with also the functioning of the brain, that decoherence helps to localize things, and the idea goes back to C and use, and it's the picture they use is they take a particle and a massive particle at the position x, that is the positional degree of freedom, and you have an initial initial scattering particle to it, and it goes back into sigma of psi of x, then the formula of non- narrativistic quantum mechanics tell you how to describe such a thing if you suppose that the range of this potential which represents the particle is short, and the idea is that the scattering s of the product state can in a good approximation be written as something here and here a psi of x, that means you get here an entanglement between the particle and the scattered particle, the important thing is now the following if you take a density matrix which is of the form dx, dx prime and rho of the system which is the particle here at x, x prime and zero times v, if you want to have an operator here, x, x prime and here the initial, you take the initial wave function normalized to one, and then the one is interested in looking at rho of the system at later time, or here the time actually plays no role in this image of the scattering process in the interaction picture, rho, and this can be written as in the following form that the rho s of x, x prime and zero goes over into the rho s of x, x prime, zero, and now the overlap between the scattering states, here the position of x is chi of x prime, chi of x, this is non-narrativistic scattering theory, and so if one wants to see the decoherence, that means the loss of the non-trivial, the loss of the contributions for x significantly different from x prime, one has to look at how this function here behaves, and the scattering theory leads you after some assumptions, the assumptions are that this already is here, that there is no recoil, and the rate of scattering is much faster than the rate of change of the system state, and distribution of the particles which scatter here around is isotropic, you get a differential equation, this is rho sigma x, x prime t by dt is equal to minus function of x minus x prime of rho s of x, x prime and t, and the f can be computed explicitly, let me just describe to extreme cases, one is that the wavelength of the incoming particles is short, so the short length you find that the f of x, x prime is actually on a good approximation by total cross section, so you see that there is an of course for x different x prime, and this is a very rapid decay of the correlations, and the long range you get that the f can be written in the form f of minus lambda, if you take for instance x minus x prime equals to delta x, this plays now a role, and here it gets delta x square, and so you get the t of delta x, which is here in the order of one, the lambda can be explicitly expressed in terms of coordinates, lambda is dq rho of q, v of q, q squared over h bar square minus sigma, and effective cross section, and the effective cross section at q is almost like the square of the scattering function, and here the important thing is that this here is then expressed in lambda and delta x squared in this form, and allows you in the framework which we trust, which is normally just the quantum mechanics, what is such a scattering a decay in coherence, because you see this goes here into the differential equation, and gives a decay of the coherence, what it means for instance in the example which is in the textbook is tau delta x for instance is of the order of 10 to the minus 17 seconds for delta x for a large molecule say of 10 angstrom, and that is very impressive, and this tells us much about the reality of the world in which we live, we are living because our senses are not made really for taking into account photon correlations and all kinds of things, but we are seeing macroscopic parameters, and for macroscopic parameters you can forget about the non-diagonal elements in this formula, that means the position is a very good coordinate of a massive object. Okay so what has it to do with quantum mechanics? The important thing for quantum mechanics is the techmark has estimated decoherence processes by scattering in a neuron, and the image of a neuron is realistic for this case, he is looking at a piece of the axon, the axon for instance has non-isolated parts in the known Neude of Ranvier on which you have potential differences due to concentration differences of ions, and then you can look at for instance at scattering between the ions and localize the ions, or inside or between the membrane, and for those things the techmark values are, they don't fall really very, I will make a sooner mark, into this framework without some hand waving, but if you take a neuron and you have a colliding ion, you find that the t is 10 to, according to his estimates 10 to the minus 20 second, which I think is a little bit too high, but it's enormous, and if you take a colliding ions with water, you get the same value, approximate, if you take values between the ions, inside and outside of a membrane, you get only 10 to the minus 19 seconds, and if you look at structures which are fashionable in biology, like microtubules, which are objects in the cell body for structural stability, you find also decoyons times which are very short, but longer than this one, 10 to the 13, according to techmark's estimate. Now let me just make a criticism to his, to those formally, of course I believe that the coherence is very strong, but it would be very nice to have a very good mathematical theory of that decoherence in the brain or in the network of neurons, and all those estimates are not really rigorous, but orders of magnitude, and a mathematical mind should of course attack most things, and one could give mathematical models of decoherence where you can prove theorems about, but they have very little to do with the brain. I mean one example which Sidney Coleman and I discussed, and I will not go into it too much in detail, is the following you take in Hamiltonian, which is H0 plus H system, and you take as H0 P only, that means a translation of a time, and you take as, let me call it V, V equals sum N from 1 to infinity of V function minus N, and here sigma 1 N, and you take the usual Pauli matrices, sigma 3 equals 1 minus 1, and sigma 1 equals 2 1 1, and you take the example of a particle, an electron, which, whose spin, which is related to the coordinate 0, eigenvalues of 0 1, whose spin is measured by having the electron going along an array of spins and interacting during the flight of the electron in this line with a potential which has compact support, and the important thing is that you assume that the integral minus infinity to plus infinity of Vxx is equal to pi over 2, and you know that e to the i pi over 2 times applied to sigma 1, it gives a rotation about 180 degrees, so if you take such a case, and if you take for instance a particle wave function of compact support, and the V also of compact support, then you can easily estimate the decoherence which the flight of this particle produces along this line. Here you can really analyze the process in terms, not in scattering theory where you relate to sorts of asymptotic states, but in real time, and you can see for instance what type of decoherence occurs if a particle only moves along this line up to the point n, I mean the t comes in here because of the h0, the important thing is that following, if you take the Dyson equation 1 minus i 0 t ds v of s times u of s, and you take v of s equal to e to the i h0 times s v e to the minus e i, and because of the special form of this relativistic law of propagation, p and not p square, you see that this thing here is just v sum n from 1 to infinity, and here v of x plus s minus t minus, excuse me, my e x plus s minus n, the parameter which occurs here, and if you compute the u of t in this form, and you see that the u of t is equal to exponent with minus i integral 0 t ds and sum v x plus s minus n sum over n, and the important thing is this is sigma, sigma from, oh I'm very grateful, okay this comes already yeah you have sigma 1 here and the t here is so what it says is the following for instance, if you take as a support of this chi in v minus 1 1, and you take v also in the support of minus 1 1, and then you can see that if you take the the time evolution and the interaction picture, which is nothing happens, yeah yeah, if you take as a time evolution thing, nothing happens if the particles are positive plus v minus times u of t, then you can see that if I follow the time evolution from an initial state, which is yeah, if I take as an initial state psi plus or minus eigenstates of one and an initial state with wave function of the electron tensor the psi plus or minus, and if I take the product state of this thing with the measurement apparatus, and here for instance tensor n from 1 to infinity of the phi plus, and those are eigenstates where all the spins are up, the picture is very simple that the upper state which is not affected by the time evolution keeps the spins up of the apparatus, while the time evolution of the other one goes up to an n which depends on time, I'm taking times in multiple of n where those spins are turned down and the remainder turned up, and this thing moves to infinity, and so you see if you can fix constants to be more realistic that in such a model of decoherence you can see how rapidly the overlap disappears between the two states, even if you took arbitrary operators between the two, and you can also take coherence superpositions of two such states, and for all practical purposes, that means for all measurement which you do in finite region of space on the spin system, you find that a coherent superposition of such two initial states is equal to incoherent one, because you have those observables at infinity, and in the limit n going to infinity you have a perfect disjointness of the two states, this is a trivial theorem, but it shows you that decoherence can actually be something really strong, it is the states which you obtain after the process of decoherence can never be coherence the superposition, any representation of suitable c star algebra, and that's of course something which for a measurement process of which we like in physics is much too strong, but you can get such strong things, and it shows that probably a future decoherence theory of a brain would lead to similar results, the processes if you take the brain as a measurement operator, it makes the decoherence of inputs extremely rapidly and also extremely strongly in the sense of quantum mechanics, we have no hope in getting quantum physics in the brain according to such hand waving arguments, but the situation is much more interesting, because well I want to speak about first that quantum mechanics does not improve higher brain functions in the second topic if I have time that consciousness does not demystify quantum mechanics, now let's come to the first part and let's rapidly go through some pictures of the brain so you can see that about what I'm speaking about, the brain is built out of neurons and the neurons are connected by synapses and they have a very detailed connectivity via the synapses and the boutons and so on, and all those things, the structural things have been elucidated by neurobiology, if one wants to relate structure with function, one could look at a higher brain function which you all know very well as readers, the eye movements of between readers and the eye movements along a text for instance, a text with a Morse code to have a simple form, the eye moves in steps forward by saccades and sometimes at the end of a line it resumes the position along a one-dimensional line of text and during the text it can also skip a word and analyze several words at a time, now the important thing is that those processes are represented in a time in the brain in a very distributed form, the saccades for instance are generated by the frontal eye field and the motor control is down here in the brain stem so there is a direct projection of the frontal eye field into the brain, stem which activates the eye muscles and you have the vision which is necessary for analyzing the picture, the lines and so in the visual cortex and this is here in the hind brain and the posterior part of the cerebral cortex so if you want to make a minimal model in neuroelectro dynamics of circuits which generate reading saccades according to visual patterns here you would need some higher order visual areas which have analyzed the Morse code send it as an input of a frontal eye field, the frontal eye field is a complex circuit of which is dedicated to saccades of different sizes and let's take it one-dimensional and in its local circuit you generate from the visual input a motor output, now this is part of a model with which we have actually done in detail and let me just describe what it is if your frontal eye field is a local eye and the frontal eye field gets input from the visual cortex for visual selection it gets input for fixation because between saccades the eye should not move but from the visual selection which is done in this area you should plus attention you should generate the output if the fixation is canceled if the eye is allowed to move and we we have implemented such a circuit for 21 eye positions plus minus 10 and zero in populations which are forever eye position or visual position fairly large 100 neurons and so so the whole network of this thing has more than 10 000 neurons and it can be this is the structure of the local connectivity the visual input comes in into the an area which generates from the visual input an attentional signal which transformed into a motor signal and goes down into areas which actually change the rules of eye movements because you can also make other eye movements and just reading you have a local connectivity at the time more or less statistically you have populations of hundreds of neurons and you generate connections with a certain synaptic weight. From which model is this data? From which model is this data? We are taking the data from the neurophysiology. The saccadic eye movements I have been very well studied by a reading specialist so I'm asking either specifically for reading or general vision. It is in a sense for general vision and it's just the vision of moving the eye along a line or so which monkey could also do if he gets a reward. But the vision is very specific. Yes. The specificity of vision of reading is very different. Monkey. The answer is monkey. You know the monkey doesn't read. Yes. So one has to make a human brain specifically for reading not for any other vision. It's very small part of the cortex, very, very small. It's one meter square. It's very tiny. It has very little to do with the rest of the visual cortex. And so I said I'm just checking a reading. It can go around the lines of the market but really it is very special process. So let me try to answer it. We are studying the eye movements which are necessary for reading and the monkey can be trained or making those eye movements and get a reward. But of course the monkey would not read in our sense if a Morse code for instance has a meaning for us and so this is from higher areas about which our model says nothing. So reading is really reading eye movements and I'm only speaking about those things where we can. So reading metaphor. In a sense metaphor. Yes. Yes. And the data which we are using is for the synaptic circuit which goes here. We are using data from the visual cortex of, oh let me go back. We are looking at connectivity between neurons which have been experimentally determined in primary visual cortex and so we take a model of the synaptic circuit and we take for the patterns of eye movements the electrophysiological data of the monkey. And if one does such things then one can fairly, one can apply rules of electrodynamics. One has a neural connectivity diagram for between say a neuron an excitest story and inhibit the neuron. Interact with each other with weights W's, B, A and I, B. You get external inputs in different forms you get from the external from the text so to speak, G external and you get also noise inputs for each neurons excitatory and inhibitory ones. Those are parameters which we specified and we taken dynamics which is a stochastic differential equation. The neurons are described by a potential V of T which describes the level of activation of a neuron and this is given by inputs, excitatory and inhibitory inputs. We have conductancies which change external conductancies which change according to this is a this is an Ulbeck process which has a certain noise level and certain driving and the important thing is that the connectivity in this network we try to fix as much as possible by anatomy and if one solves differential equations on a laptop one is very happy because both this thing is random this thing here has so the connections in a sense are deterministic but the input for different levels is random and what I only want to stress here is that you can actually fit the functional behavior of such reading network for instance in forward movements and backward nuisance by measuring the activities of different neural populations in the circuit. So the circuit implements in neural electrodynamics so to speak part of the problem which we have to we have hundreds if you would no not not quite I mean we want to respect the anatomy that's one thing so the connections are not arbitrary and the second thing is we want to reproduce the electrophysiology in the monkey where one has determined the firing patterns of different neural populations in zarkarctic tasks for instance and that's a rich field of data and of course we have not a unique solution we actually we throw dice by taking any representation of a random process and also by ever by taking any connectivity which we can throw by dice between different areas where we only describe how many what the proportion is of excited and nervous of one going to the other but this is not the topic of my talk the topic of my talk is that in such a piece of brain which is classical stochastic ordinary differential equations does not use quantum mechanics at all one can with sufficient determination reproduce higher brain functions and the monkey has already very complex tasks by moving the eyes along a line and one could in principle think that one can actually understand reading as reading with not moving the eyes but also understanding syntax and semantics of the text also in terms of such classical models and that's an ongoing piece of research which is done in neurobiology in computational neuroscience we made Heinzler and Kevin Martin and I made this model as one of most typical models of which contain detailed structure but the the physicists actually are speculating very strongly about other possibilities of bringing quantum mechanics in a meaningful way into the brain not by such models like they say yours model of scattering of of irons with irons and such things but taking into account structures and structures which are biologically meaningful let me describe a piece of structure which is which has been extremely well studied in biology and which is photosynthesis and in photosynthesis in very simple things that in bacteria you find a chemical structure which has three pieces an antenna which takes photos into account a reaction center which is deep in the molecule and you have the so-called FMO protein which is a trimer and in each trimer you find chlorophylls which are centers for excitation and for transfer of excitation and the biologists have studied this process because it has also a great importance for for life and future technology and ask the question is the transport of excitation from the antenna to the reaction center a classical or a quantum mechanical process and if it's quantum mechanical is it useful for photosynthesis those are two different things i mean it's clear quantum mechanics is foundational for for the brain but whether quantum mechanics contribute something or not for instance for the very efficient transfer of excitation excitation from the antenna to the reaction center is a different question and the answer is very interesting and let me just write it because it can be written in terms of formula which you again like like those things here the model which is studied in this case is the following you take a Hamiltonian which is the Hamiltonian of the system plus the Hamiltonian of the bath plus an interaction system bath and you take for the system you take the excitatives of the ground states of each of those molecules and one thing that one models those molecules by two level systems again and one so one takes here for the different levels if you have n n of those chlorophylls you will take and here take en plus i different from j coupling constants j i j i j a very simple hop hopping Hamiltonian and the second thing which one does is one takes as a bath bosons and one takes for each chlorophyll one takes an independent bath so one takes here the sum over the j from one to n and for each j one takes an index kappa for the bath and here one takes a p j kappa squared over 2 mj kappa plus one half m kappa mj kappa omega j kappa squared p j kappa squared and as an interaction one takes the form that let me try takes not constant here but take n two but for the interaction one takes system bath linear coupling sum over j from one to n j j uj and the uj is an operator linear in the bath operators the uj is minus sum of a kappa g j kappa q j kappa and both are position coordinates of a bath so this is type of Hamiltonian which one studies very often in condensed metaphysics and how does one deal now with the photoelectric effect one takes rho of zero it's taken a rho of the system times the rho of a bath and here for the rho of a bath one takes thermal bath and so the uj for instance t one it's a Gaussian state and so the two-point function is alone necessary to two is equal well it's written as alpha of t one minus t two and it is expressed in terms of the spectral function of this bath and so the alpha k of t is integral from zero to infinity and here is the spectral function which is which I have not given here in detail but it comes in here from this form from the coupling uj of omega and here cotangents hyperbolic beta h omega over two cos omega t minus e sine omega t so it is a wealthy wealth studied form of an interaction which you can now study in the interaction picture and the original work goes back to kubo and it leads in the literature in physical chemistry it leads to the hierarchical the one called the high eom equations you in order to make with the equations well defined you have to do do something about the time dependence of this two-point function I mean the input functions are given by products of lower point functions and what one does is one makes for alpha of t a party x expansion so kappa from one in principle to infinity but one takes a cutoff here on pj kappa times e to the minus gamma j kappa t if one makes such an expansion then one can I mean if you're looking at the interaction picture equations of motion for the reduced density matrices in this form here you see that they are not local in time but if you take one of those components here and take the exponential then you get localization in time you get an infinite or finite if you have n glorophiles and you have k different party approximates you get such a system with an hierarchy of such equations which you can solve and actually in this form or if you take a finite cutoff here you get a differential equation a linear differential equation t dot t for this whole system now of this tower here is equals to some operator o times t and you can integrate both equations of motion so what is the gist of the story the gist of the story is one of the most complicated and interesting processes in physics of life can be at least approximately connected to a formula in statistical mechanics and one can look for instance at the following question if you take this molecule here and you take just both glorophiles which are carrying the excitation how does the excitation move well this comes from chemical structure if you take those seven glorophile molecules then you could for instance the initial here's initial condition going in from the system can be different according to what kind of excitation you give and one of the forms which are suggested by chemistry is that you excite either the one and then you see how the excitation moves on or you excite this the six the reaction center is close to those two glorophile molecules and then you can look at the quantum mechanics of those things because those are still quantum mechanical operators and what the numerical calculations lead you to is that you can get you get a reduced density matrix which has coherences in it which you can entanglement for the different processes for instance if you excite one you get one sort of entanglements or if you excite six you get another sort of entanglements so quantum mechanics in a sense can be seen in the solution of the chemical equations but are the chemical equations really the reality and one finds spectroscopically that there are coherences in the molecules and from such a model actually in terms of such a model you can analyze the chemical picture and the statement of the authors is it gives a good approximation for the chemical picture which is because he discovered experiments with the first real one oh it's it's very brutal you have sequences of laser pulses which and you have different time intervals between the laser pulses and you excite a model by this sequence of laser pulses and then you get from the spectrum from a Fourier transform of the spectrum you get distributions of of peaks I let me stay as the course of the model how many actually state it gets which is one excited state where we have two of what how many no one more because we don't know we excite the laser it may have to go to one oh actually it has if you take just try to restrict it here in terms of the the states of this of this monomer I mean you let me come back because you have three monomers if you take only one monomer you have n two level atoms and those two n there actually you have n atoms which can be excited also to very higher in the energy but one makes the approximation but only the ground state and the next high one is meaningful that's in terms of this model and then it and actually one does it's the following one takes as his initial state the one where all the it's so you know exactly about one over the one electron what how much is the gap it's one electron volt approximately they can't give you the exact number yeah I mean it's in the literature but I don't know I could look it up but I don't know the precise number yeah yeah that's it oh okay so I can it was not clear to me what gets entangled with what and in which way the quantum mechanics is tested in the experiment I mean what kind of typically quantum effect can you see in the experiment some interference or for for me personally not a very strong person you just take a stensity matrix reduce them which you can compute in this model and you can see that the matrix that there's a coherence for instance between the non-diagonal matrix element which there are some oscillation in the currents I mean there are different definitions of what one takes as a coherence let's take this is the so-called total coherence which has something to do with the entropy of the state and then you can look at different coherences in time for different initial excitations and also for different initial temperatures because what's interesting here is that this can be studied either by very low temperature minus 77 here in this case or by a room temperature and one finds coherences which oscillate and so what now what really is interesting is what is the transfer of energy from the excited chlorophyll to the reaction center and not such quantum mechanical coherences which are visible now the story in this case is very sad first of all the story is that one has forgotten one of the monomers there is another monomer very close to the antenna which is called seven eight no from one to the here one has from one to seven and one has an eight and one in the equations which are very general one could study the same model with with eight chlorophylls in one monomer but then one can also study the interaction between the different monomers that gives eight times three twenty four a reaction center and those equations are of the same structure only with different constants if one takes into account all the constants which one can measure from physical chemistry one finds that the model which people have analyzed here and for which they have said quantum mechanics has a functional role in those things actually does not say the right thing because one can look at a classical theory where you have just hopping between the different states here with constants which are given by detailed metals and so and you find that this hopping model does just the same thing for the transfer of energy so the conclusion I think for me unfortunately only one third of my talk and I will not give more the conclusion is quantum mechanics in this case also does not really play a functional role of course you can see because you have chemistry and if you have excitations which you can you can excite the model at different parts and you find coherences in listening the question whether the light transfer in this case here if you take the full a fuller model into account disappears now the second part of my talk was actually intended to speak where does consciousness help something to interrupt quantum mechanics yeah yeah so I can just go very fast to to one thing so first of all it is we're following that yeah I put it down there so the first statement which one can make now from neurobiology now it's human human biology is that you have to distinguish different forms of consciousness and there is a form which one calls axis consciousness there are pre conscious processes occur and when the level of excitation is high enough they become conscious and you can ask the person do you see something or don't you see something and one has found several interesting cases where higher or the higher brain functions are processed unconsciously if the excitation is too low for instance syntax in language model and but on the other hand the model can also models of this consciousness where one takes to into account the end for instance here in Paris has a very interesting model a neural network model again a workspace which gets where more and more states and regions get activated and beyond the threshold which one could call the non-equilibrium phase transition you find cause conscious processes which in the model are just x axis to different functions again a for instance in a language model one would not only analyze a syntactic error in a sequence of words but one could also ask for questions of semantic error and so and in this distributed network of a brain you can see at what level syntax and semantics get coupled and so so one has a qualitative and model based analysis of one part of consciousness which is called axis consciousness and then another form of consciousness of course is self-consciousness and also there one has at least a qualitative picture that in you could where are neuronal populations of brain which one calls mirror neurons which are activated not by monkey performing a task but also by the monkey looking at an experiment performing the task and it is clear that higher forms of consciousness can be modeled by not only by simulating the experimenter in the brain of the monkey but simulating ourselves that means one by a recurrence in the loop of higher order sensory processes now if one takes this qualitative picture into account one could also say well we we can we can speak about consciousness on several levels and we could work out was models more carefully but does this consciousness help us for understanding quantum mechanics now here comes an interesting question the question is is the will free or not now if we take the account from both consciousness experiments about free will one is very much at least i am connected but we have no free will and so for the interpretation yes yeah i i think this is for the tea time yes yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah so let me state in the in the in the end here there's a wonderful theorem by cochin and conway about the free will theorem but it takes into as one of the assumptions that the experimenter has free access of choosing its apparatus and so and then the state statement which is a mathematical statement says the quantum mechanics has the same type of free will which is experimenter has if one introduces conscious free will in this theorem now if we don't have consciousness free will but have a deterministic favor this theorem is empty let me just go to a tea now with you do we have time for yeah so in someone summarizing one of these sentences yeah your opinion about the role of consciousness in quantum mechanics so my my view is that the the brain is a sophisticated organ like others and they are determined by macroscopic laws which if you take the macroscopic description seriously you also have to take seriously that conscious decisions are based on prior knowledge of the system learning and such things and all both both us play a role for instance if you take this free will theorem in the way an experimenter would like to measure the spin one for instance in one direction and we have a so he has a strategy developed by learning and by outside stimuli but over a long time which makes that the system behaves deterministically that's my feeling but nobody can prove anything yes i don't give any any special importance to now if i take the brain in terms of equations of neurodynamics but now is there is a world in the lecture language yes yes yes but this i don't i can't explain this is something of of our lexicon we but it is clear that in time time is in this neuroelectro dynamical model of the brain a parameter the states change in time and so if i take t0 it is the now now at times t0 i i'm i'm conscious about the fact that many philosophers take very seriously in importance of the now and so but they put meaning into the now which i can't see in both models and in the description yes i remember i know it is a very question so i remember reading there are some books of trainers where he speaks about in particular the microtubules in the brain some are related to some quantals but i don't remember exactly also mentioned some experiment which he called the libid experiments which gives some strange thing about the timing in the brain do you have any comments on yes i have but it takes a longer time yeah the question the question is before libid does an experiment where one presses an arrow and at time zero for instance a movement is and one measures the activity of the brain which builds up during this time before so here's negative times and one sees that the the brain decides consciousness about moving or not moving at a certain time which before which is before the time where the movement is actually executed and this can be determined by different forms now not only by the experimenter looking at the watcher and so on telling when he's but one can also look at the cellular behavior of neurons in the premotor cortex and so at least one sees that we build up of this thing precedes sometimes many seconds before actually we are conscious of the person is conscious about the movement and this is again one of the arguments against free will i mean the con at least conscious free will will not determine the movement because the movement is already built up in the network but yeah i've seen somewhere in the internet or someone who suggests it well roughly that their conscious decision uh collapses the wave function before that is a very some backward thing i don't know some some physicists have some theory about this and do you have any comment on this kind i can say that's a dirty word about it about the net yes and and uh hammer off and panels have built a model on the influence of gravitational collapse in the smallest on the reduction of the wave function and i did not speak about it but they also have non causal propagation of time that you time moves forward and backwards in the model and and i can't understand it but so people can understand but maybe


Ooh, that's a hot mug, guys. Hey guys, this is my review for episode nine, or sorry, 10 of Supernatural season seven, Death's Door. Now, this is a very tumultuous episode because this is the one where it picks up right after the last one left off with Bobby having taken a bullet by Dick Roman and we find out that he took a bullet in the brain. This episode has a few factors in it that both were contributions both to the latter seasons as well as the taking notes from ones from seasons before in terms of how it was shot and how it was put together. The first thing I gotta make a comment about is how the story and the structure is in terms of how Bobby is going through his memories being simultaneously taken from one to another just for like from a camera flip. A lot of that is taken from dark side to the moon, obviously, when the brothers are trying to find heaven. And I like this way has done it because it takes a few notes from that episode, but it also kind of still keeps it on a relatively interesting and intuitive end as we pass through Bobby's memories from current younger to as a child, obviously, with his father and these little images and sounds and room settings that will go from one to the other. Like one of them is him sitting with the boys, watching them debate about Chuck Norris and then he turns around and it's his mother talking to him about why do you always break things. I really enjoyed that consistency and the pacing with his memories and just him trying to figure out a way out because he is dead set on trying to give the boys this information that he saw on the table at Dick Roman's office. And while that is obviously the crux of the story, there is the side element of the boys taking Bobby to a hospital. Little funny note about how Dean asks what the address is because our GPS devices weren't really as big yet this time. The aspect of the boys just dealing with their own grief at the hospital, like when Dean almost punches the organ donor guy at which on a side note, I would very much recommend if you guys aren't on an organ donor list, put yourselves on there. I know someone who I've worked with or someone who was actually a very nice and kind person to me. And unfortunately, she passed away because she wasn't able in complications with other things. She was not able to get the organs that she needed to survive. I essentially say, when you're dead, you're dead.   I had my whole body, all of my organs was on a list until I got diagnosed with cancer. And then I found out that all of my body parts, even my blood is toxic. I can't put anything up there anymore until for some, something changes in the future, maybe, but until then, I unfortunately cannot. But if you think, if you have no ailments that you would prevent you from doing, so at least look into it. You could save someone's life even when you didn't know it. So off of that very dark note, yes, I understand where Dean is coming from in terms of the terminology of what the doc, the guy, the organ donor guy is talking to him about. And I like that anger because it does remind me a bit of in my time of dying, that episode where Dean was dying and Sam was going throughout the hospital and having that anger with his father, that's a little bit of a hearken to that too. And then the part that I say that contributes to the latter seasons is one, they took out the brother's father figure. And the show definitely takes a hit for it. Castiel became much more of a prominent figure because of this, because truly speaking, Bobby Singer was the heart of this show. There's a comment that I've seen is that who was the better parent to Sam and Dean? Was it Mary or John? And people say Dean, wouldn't really know. It was actually Bobby. Bobby was their father figure. And we find that out through this episode. We see not only Bobby's past as a child and some things that we had always been alluded to, especially his wife, but also just his history with the boys. And that was what made this episode such a good send-off for him. Because it's not just about a fight for him to get back to tell the boys what he needs to do. And it's not just kind of a memory lane trip, but it also really gives a lot of backstory that had never been alluded to that had been kind of teased at but never fully explained about the character. And the fact that he got the proper send-off and we got to see just what made him who he was from his childhood and fighting his drunken abuse of dickbag father to his hesitancy become a father because of how his father was before. That's a psychological trauma that a lot of people can associate with. And then being able to find the way out through that with his, with how he dealt with his kit with the boys and how he learned to love and appreciate them for who they were. That was what made his character so enjoyable, so lovable and what made us all love him. I really enjoyed that. I thought that was very, very well done.  The fact that he's also out running a Reaper with Rufus of all people, so good. Really wish those two had gotten more episodes together. The kind of puffiness, the soft lighting that's on everyone, that kind of glow, that would not entirely but definitely become how the show was shot in the latter seasons, especially the ender seasons. Soap opera-like filter, which was properly used here because it's inside his head, like the line between life and death made sense. But that lighting choice, that softening choice would soon become what, how the show was shot. Not entirely, obviously, but very close to it. It's not funny enough that this is directed by Robert Singer. Robert Singer actually does try in this episode. He does actually do a good job. I think that softening, he would become to like too much and it would just become, I found Robert Singer just became very, very lazy with how he put the show together as the show went on. But he's still trying in this episode. So give credit where credit is due on that end. I also love how it ends. I definitely love how it ends. It's so heartbreaking, but it also leaves you on that, that kind of, oh, what if happens? And obviously that does lead into a little bit of what happens later in the season, which I'm kind of a little bit tiny disappointed in. I understood why they went with that idea, but I just feel like, okay, you did this send off, actually commit to it. But then again, this is supernatural. So anyways guys, in the end, my rating for Death's Door, you know what, this will probably be the most generous number I give in this entire season, but I'm gonna give this episode a seven out of seven. It's a very, very good episode. It is a fantastic send off to Bobby Singer. It is a fantastic dive into this character about what we all loved about him, what everyone enjoyed about him.  Obviously the season would come to sour it later on, but yeah, you know what, we can have everything we want. But anyways, those are my thoughts on it. Let's see what you guys had to say. All right, you guys got a lot to say. Death's Door is one of my favorite episodes in season seven, has one of the best emotional deaths in the series, other than Sam's previous two deaths in season two and five finale. And of course, Dean's first death at the end of season three. This is one of my favorite Bobby episodes, and I love the conclusion on how he escapes his reaper as it was never done before, and not even with Dean in season two premiere. Seeing Bobby and Rufus team up and find a way for Bobby is beautiful and heartbreaking, especially at the end of the episode with Bobby seemingly having a family reunion with Sam and Dean in a memory as it fades significantly. That is his time, always makes me cry. Seeing him face his fears with his abusive father and his wife, Karen, who did not understand, really gut punched me. Now I did, like there's a lot of emotional weight in this episode. It's like some of the best emotional writing this entire season. Death Door is such an emotional episode that anyone I talk about absolutely hates because it's a departure for a beloved gruff character named Bobby Singer. I will die on a hill and say it was one of the smartest decisions in the show because it was the most effective way to let Sam and Dean grow as characters. In spite of friendships they have with other hunters, Sam and Dean can only rely on each other in this season more and more. I agree and disagree with that one. I find that, yeah, I am going off of what I kind of initially remember from this season and then the other ones. Yes, they do learn how to rely on themselves but then they do use the, the once they find the Men in Letters building that becomes their new crutch because Bobby was their crutch before but in terms of characters, like their development stopped pretty much dead stop at like 10 and 11. I absolutely love the acting and the cinematography in this episode. Sam gripping the hand scar, leaving us to imagine the hallucinations and he's really fighting with him and messing his heart breaking. I actually didn't notice that but it's good, good notice there. Dean shook by the possible reality of losing Bobby is just his heart tugging. I love how Dick Roman has the audacity to be parked in a limo outside the hospital and enjoy the suffering while Sam and Dean can do nothing to stop him. He's literally playing with his food which leads to one of Dean's best lines of the threat.  His smile when he's sitting and when he's trying to keep that face in front of all the people with the cameras but you can tell that his anger in it, that's a good little bit right there. That's the part that I always forget that happens in this episode is that moment between those two. All the Bobby flashbacks really dig deep and are very tragic from being terrified of being a father, breaking his wife's heart and never getting to make amends and knowing he suffered child abuse as a child is so distressing. Bobby Singer from when he was a child to grown up has always been the definition of a thankless job and a thankless parent. It's crazy that the parallel of Bobby's father's death is the same as Bobby with a gunshot to the head. Oh, oh, now the good notice there Joe.   There's no death send off for one of the Winchester's best allies and father figure that they needed more than anyone besides each other. Thus making the second best mid-season finale since season fives. I will say it gets a super emotional episode and they did learn how to deal with this death later on but considering he's not dead, dead yet, I feel that they did all but pull the trigger then they didn't let the bullet go all the way through and I find that it was very strange that they would go to this effort to kill this character and then to bring him back but everything you bring up here Joe is very, very good. Very, very good. A lot of bits I didn't even notice so good on you for that. Death's Door is easily Sarah Gamble's best episode and in her run which is impressive despite her seasons not being super consistent she had one of the, she had a great one-offs very much so. Bobby leaving the show added real weight to the show that they didn't have for a while. It's a shame they brought him back in every season onwards though and Bobby and Rufus deserve a prequel and I'll be waiting for that until I die. Yes, the fact that they just kept bringing him back it kind of made this death not meet. Like I understand that characters are supernatural. People don't die in this show but I think every time he didn't like he can't even coming back. I'm like, yeah Bobby's dead but he's not really dead so. Death's Door was a great episode. Rufus appearing again was great.  His chemistry with Bobby was great. I'd love to see a spin-off of these two main characters. That would have actually been really cool. Out of all the ideas that they tried I'm surprised they never tried that one but I guess they couldn't do a younger one with two old actors because they're old and you can't really make them look young and you're like, okay well you can get young people to play them. It's like yeah but then you're literally missing the point of why we enjoy them so much. So three episodes in the season that hit me emotionally heart or in the series that hit me emotionally heart the 300th episode yeah and Death's Door. This is not only the best episode of season seven but it's my fifth favorite episode of the series. It's good seeing some familiar faces such as Karen Rufus. Speaking of Rufus I liked his role in this episode where he assists and guides Bobby in trying to find a way back to the real world. Moving on we get a plethora of moments from Bobby's past recollections but the only two stood out for me. The first one is a scene where we hear from Karen that Bobby didn't want kids and then he knew she did which broke her heart. The second one is the scene where he always sticks with me when older Bobby confronts his father and gales in on him calling him a drunken bully. Then seconds later we get the best line of the episode as fate would have it I adopted two boys and they grew up great.  Yes that is a very very good part of this episode. This episode is really great and a perfect send off to Bobby. It was interesting knowing a bomber about his life. I was glad to see Karen Fleming as Bobby's wife appear in the episode in Rufus. I did like the reaper that it's in the episode but it sucks that Tessa didn't appear. I love the scene where Bobby confronts his abusive father. I understand why Bobby didn't want to have children because he was afraid of repeating the abusive cycle yet he did become a father to Sam and Dean throughout their lives and even though it was sad that Bobby was killed especially how he was killed just like his father I do get why this had to happen in this way. I love Death's Door. One scene I wish this episode would have shown us is one of Bobby's worst memories in the case of that he and Rufus went in on an Omaha where research has it that the two of them needed a getaway driver against Rufus's wishes. Bobby called Rufus's daughter and she was wounded and killed. This is, yeah that actually would have been interesting because like Omaha is still not truly explained like that's more information than I've gathered about it but yeah I think they had enough drama and like traumatic stuff to work on and they would have had to cut out some of the stuff that's happening with the boys and truly speaking there's only two scenes with them anyways both of which really are with Dean. So yeah it would have been cool to have it. I understand that but I can understand why they were pressed for time. Death's Door is the best episode of season seven and of the series. I can't call it a favorite though. The idea of saying I love the episode where Bobby dies is horrible to me. What an amazing showcase for Jim Beaver. He's incredible in this episode. I also love seeing Rufus return. Jim and Steven Williams work so well together. We've got backstory that matters and incredible performances. I also love that Bobby's final memory is hanging out with Sam and Dean. It's a great ending. I remember watching this the first time and I didn't know what Bobby would choose. Great episode. Yeah now all of you guys are really bringing up great points but just how good these two were together. How good Rufus and Bobby were as characters. Yes I don't like this season. Yes Bobby shouldn't have died from a lane villain like Deke Roman. I don't care but I love this episode.  Idiots. It was devastating. I was devastated after this. Robert Singer directed this episode and despite him getting lazy later in the seasons here he treats his namesake character with respect and dignity giving him us one of the most emotional send-offs in the series. Although Death's Door didn't make it into my top 10 it is definitely in my honorable mentions of the best episodes of this series. RIP Bobby Singer. All great comments guys. These are all so good. Thank you all for putting your thoughts into this. All right guys. That's it. That's the end of this one. So now we have episode 11 which is Adventures in Babysitting. So make sure to give me guys' comments about that one in the comments below and I'll read those off in the next review. Until then guys I hope you enjoyed this video. If you did leave a like and if you're interested in more subscribe. Until then, see you guys next time.


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called the Stock Swoosh. I'd like to welcome you into my world. Tonight I'm doing a lecture on having a wealth consciousness. It's a very important lecture. So I'm welcoming you into my home, into my apartment. And I'm noticing here the wonderful grasses in the background. It's like just right there they are. I love trees and flowers and everything. And I have like a nine foot palm tree actually in my apartment. It's way behind this thing, but you can't see it. One of the days I'm going to get them on film. So tonight we're going to talk about having a wealth consciousness. And if you do, you can buy all the grasses and palm trees that you can eat. It's a little lecture to you today. And as I do, I'm going to be looking back and forth from the camera because my system is set up that I have two screens. And the PowerPoint is on one side. My face will be on the other side.  So welcome. Again, tonight's topic is a wealth consciousness. What is a wealth consciousness? And why do I need it of consciousness? The first step to becoming wealthy is to create a wealth consciousness. That is the first step.  This is from Richard Carlson, who's the author of Don't Sweat the Small Stuff. He says, wealth consciousness is so much more than simply having the ability to make money. It's a mindset that involves seeing life, not as a struggle, but as a magical adventure where all our needs are met with grace and ease. It includes the ability to see beauty wherever you go, to have gratitude. OK, gratitude. That's very important. As your primary emotion and open heart to all you meet, wealth consciousness is a state of mind, a sense, not a believing, but really knowing, knowing that what we need is available to us. Very, very important.  And so do you. You have a powerful mind, too. You can have positive thoughts or you can have negative thoughts. What kind of thoughts are going to help you achieve success in training positive thoughts? I mean, this is obvious, OK? Because negative thoughts are not going to help you do well in the market. You need to have positive thoughts about your training, but you also need to have positive thoughts about money. How can you do that by having a wealth consciousness? Many, many times I talk to people on the phone because I teach a class on my method how to trade successfully in the market. And I talk to people and I can tell. I can tell immediately. Literally, I've become so good at reading people, even people I don't meet. Because I don't meet 99% of the people that I teach because everything's online, OK? And more than half my clients don't even live in the US, let alone New York, where I live and reside. But the reality is that, I mean, I can just tell when I talk to people, they have such a negative attitude about the market and money. And yet, they're willing to go into the market every day and keep risking money, having a terrible attitude about money. Well, be profitable, be unsuccessful, or even the market. If you don't have conviction that the market is a source of wealth or that you can do well and make money in the market, how do you think that you are going to get up the next day and make money? How? I mean, when I take the trade some days and the trade doesn't work, I say, up. We've got to get up tomorrow and have amnesia. I forget about it immediately. That's one, well, I have a lot of good qualities, but that it was one really great quality that I had. When I was going through the process of teaching myself my system that I do now and I'm very successful with, but at the beginning, when I started, I was losing money. But I had this amazing ability to be able to get up the next day and just go right at it. I would just go right at it. I would have amnesia. Like, literally, there were days. It's just, there's so many stories. But lose money on the day. This is like two days. And I would be under the amount of the account that I would take the trade the next day. Like, I would have to refund the account in order to trade the next day. I would race to the bank. I had the money to do it. But I would race to the bank to wire the money that day so that I could trade the next day. That's how much I had amnesia. Like, I just would not stop. I had to figure this out. I really wanted to do it. I kept persevering. But I'm telling you, many, many people go through the process of trading and then they have a negative attitude about money. A negative attitude about the market. This doesn't serve them well to be successful. And on top of that, they can't have amnesia. They don't allow themselves to have amnesia. And you must have amnesia, okay? About things that happen in your past. Because that is not gonna serve you today. Right now, the second where I am today, thinking about anything that happened 100,000 years ago is not gonna do me any good today, okay? Especially if it was something that hurt you. You don't wanna rethink about things that hurt you, okay? Because you gotta love yourself so you can move forward. All right, let's go to the next part here. A wealth consciousness is when you are in a state where you have a good relationship with money. What does that mean? It means that money flows easily to you. You spend money with ease or without restraint. You do not feel that money controls you because it does not. You control you.  If you are focused on lack, which many people are, and that is not the right mindset to have everything that you desire, okay? Or create it or manifest it. If you are focused on lack, you will create more lack. It's like a snowball effect. This is why you have to create the right mindset to attract the things that you want into your life. If you're focused on creating material abundance, money, wealth, and happiness, you will create more of that. What you think about will grow and expand. Why? Because we're very powerful. We have very, very powerful minds. I have a powerful mind and you have a powerful mind. Yes, we do. We absolutely do. And so therefore, if you are focused on something that you shouldn't be focused on that you don't want, you're gonna create more lack. If you're focused on creating material abundance, money, wealth, and happiness, you will create more of that. To the good, okay? Which is what you want. What you think about will grow and expand whether positive or negative. It's like a polarized thing. The North Pole, the South Pole. You cannot allow fear of any kind or specifically fear of lack, rule your mind. If you fear where the money will come from or fear leads in control of your thoughts, or fear leads in controlling your trading, then that is what you will create. Say the people that are really, really close to me, which is not that many people actually, but there's a few. And those people that are really, really close to me, 100%. No chance of failure and of 100% conviction in all the things I'm saying to you right now because they have been a part of my life and are close to me on my life and actually see me creating things that I desire from knowing me from today and staying to be my close friend and things that I want to manifest or create in my life and then they play out over the course of days or weeks or years to the point that some of my friends are like, oh my Lanta. Like some of my friends are like, oh my Lanta. Like literally, it is helping my friends manifest things that they desire in their own life. Why? By example. By my own example to do it. And really only the very close people in my life are seeing this. Obviously, I'm just meeting you for the first time and I've only even had the business where I've taught people how to trade since 2012. So it's only been three years for that. So even the people that have known me from that time, well, that is three years. But the people that are still with me now and trading have seen how I have transitioned and grown even to become this amazing motivator, trader, teacher. But I will tell you that the people that are with me from the beginning that have seen me get to this point in my life, really like, I've inspired them. I've become an inspiration for them to do the things that I'm saying and talking about right now. And this is what I want to point out. It is very, very important. I speak the truth out loud. No hesitation, no hesitation. No holding back. 13, and let go of the fear. Do not trade with fear. Do not trade with fear of the outcome. Fear actually holds us back from becoming and developing into a great trader or anything you wanna do in your life.  Having a healthy relationship with money is essential to becoming a successful trader. Having a good relationship with money is gonna help you make money trading and in anything that you want to do with your whole life. Developing a healthy relationship with money is a clear idea. Clear, clear, clear, clear, clear, clear, clear. You have to know clear, clarity, okay? Developing a healthy relationship with money and a clear idea and what you need to be truly wealthy which you do need to know is essential for success in your trading and your life, okay? Now, I am saying life because this could be anything. You might not wanna be a full-time trader like me. You might wanna do something else and then make money trading on the side because my strategy, trading, you only do it in 30 minutes. You could do 100,000 other things with your life. I mean, you could run a business, you could do this, you could do that, you could be a hairdresser, you could be a gymnast, you could be a singer, a musician. I'm interviewing a rapper on Monday, okay? Michael is a musician, okay? So there's, you could do so many other things and still trade the market, okay? But you also could just do this and nothing else and it's a nice lifestyle because of the fact that you can have unlimited income and only work a short period of day, which I love because when I did mortgages, I worked so many hours. I had no life, I had no life. Why do you think that I'm single? Like, I'm single right now because I had no life for so long because of the fact that I worked my butt off doing mortgages and then I worked my butt off teaching myself how to trade to get to this point. Anyways, to make a long story short, you have to have the right and it has to be not in fear and you have a healthy attitude and relationship with money. Okay, you're not afraid to spend it on my class. You're not afraid to take the risk in a trade. You have 100% conviction the trade's gonna work and you do it and you place the trade because you can't make money in the market unless you take risk. That is just a fact. Really good stuff, people. Really, really, really good stuff. So get clear with your own financial expectations of what you desire and need with your trading and that is the moral of the story this evening. There is enough money available to you for all you need from the market. Having an optimistic attitude is essential. Don't work against yourself. There's too many other people out there working against you. So you need yourself. Therefore, you need to work for yourself because you have other people that are working against you. If you don't have yourself working for you, then what are you gonna do? You got nothing, okay? You need yourself. At the end of the day, you need yourself. You know what? I had a lot of people that believed in me and had a lot of people that loved me. I had a lot of people that supported me but at the end of the day, I did it because I believed in myself and if you have nothing left but yourself, I'm telling you, you can make it. You can make it. If you love one dime to your name but you believe in yourself and your dreams, you can make it, whatever that happens to be, whether it's trading the market or anything else. I'm telling you, you gotta have yourself. If you lose yourself and lose yourself, you have nothing, okay? Because I also believe in you if you've lost touch with yourself and not even know who you are or what you desire out of your life or what you wanna do, okay? You've got nowhere to turn. You gotta love yourself and you need yourself in this lifetime. You absolutely do. So be conscious all the time with your thoughts about wealth and money and yourself and how you feel about yourself, specifically when you're trading and when you're walking around the globe on this planet. Thank you everyone for coming tonight and listening to my lecture on having a wealth consciousness. Have a wonderful evening and next, the next lecture.


Good morning to CMC espresso from the Frankfurt office of CMC Markets. The bulls, the buyers, have taken the free lunch from the delayed rate hike plans of the Federal Reserve and reaped in some profits yesterday. George Soros, the famous investor, has taken control of shorting stocks and buying gold by himself. At least that is what the famous investors have been leaking to the press. It makes sense that he does that on a day where stocks are getting weaker. It is known from his 13F filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission where he reports with a certain delay of some weeks the transactions that he did and it is known that he is massively short already and has been so for weeks betting on a sinking S&P 500 index for it to go lower for a while. From all I can say he must be already underwater with his short position as the index rose in the past weeks. So it is in the pure self-interest of Soros to do what he does. I think that he bets on an exit of the UK and a correction in stocks so he could get out of his short position and he just wants to make sure that short sellers are not losing it here because if that were to happen there could be an expensive short squeeze at least for Soros and the short sellers this could be expensive for equity bulls of course this would be true inland. One not so bullish guy named Mark Farber the author of the Klumbum-Dum report is of the opinion that if Crete Britain were to leave the European Union it could be very bullish for economic growth quite a contrarian call here from Farber as other countries he says could also leave the EU which is in his opinion a drag on economic development. So the EU that is. He names Switzerland as a positive example of an economic successful country which is also independent from the EU although geographically just in the middle of it. If the UK leaves so would Croatia, Estonia and Malta so that's at least what Farber thinks for the UK itself it wouldn't be a disaster if it were to leave the EU in his opinion it is quite to the contrary it would be the best thing for Britain that could ever happen.