d what's trending is trending now what used to be the 60s and then that goes out and what trends again it's trending right and it just keeps on changing and the majority of the time who is setting the beauty outward beauty standards it's often men in a corporate office somewhere who decide the year before what color is going to be the color of the season that everybody buys their purses and clothes according to that beauty is fickle the outer beauty but if we want to talk about the true inner beauty the radiance that islam brings i want to tell you a story of a friend of mine i'm not a dermatologist but she is in a very successful one mashallah somebody who's a skin doctor right and when i was growing up she was in my community and she was a half of the quran mashallah and she was one of the first of the girls from my community to go to syria and study and she came back and had memorized quran and went off to medical school and became a dermatologist when i was in high school i shouted her shouted her clinic she's been older than me so i was shadowing her as i was learning and trying to figure out what kind of medicine that i want to do knowing that i too wanted to become a doctor one day so i shouted her a few times in her dermatology clinic and one day she said to non-muslim patients that she was working with and unapologetic unapologetic muslim mashallah she said to them she said muslims have the best skin it's like wow mashallah and then she backed it up but she said and you know why we have the best skin i'm thinking oh my goodness these patients are first you know and she said we have the best skin do you know why because we wash our faces five times a day dear sisters it's not a judgment but i'm just saying the stuff you cake on that stuff that's caked on isn't allowing the radiance of what you otherwise have as a man as a believer to come through and it certainly prevents the water okay and some of it legit says water proof come on now mashallah come on i'm going to move this before i like knock it away i get very agitated about these things especially when it comes to fiqh you know this i'm like come on you're going to really risk your prayers risk your prayers by it not counting because the wood dude didn't count because of the stuff that was caked on didn't actually allow the water through and in addition to this and look we counsel i'm counsel i'm in the counseling field and i know there's a lot of question on self-confidence that people have and a lot of the times the reason that stuff is on there is because of self-confidence let me tell you the number of women that i've met in my life sheikhat amazing woman scholars who buy beauty standards outward beauty standards would not be considered beautiful they wouldn't they're not like a model beautiful but you know what shines through you know what radiance is reflected through it's a nude literally it is light they're glowing you look at them and you wouldn't say nope not not not model beauty but the kind of beauty in which the nude that light comes through and when you sit with them you feel a sense of serenity and calm you feel a person who isn't all tribulation inside of them you feel a person who stands before their lord at night and makes that dua and prays and so they're holding on to the rope of Allah and the rope of the sun and nothing shakes them or if they are shaken like our teachers would say when the hurricane comes through they would say be a palm tree have you ever seen a palm tree in a hurricane have you i know we don't have a lot of them up in this area we have earthquakes what happens to a palm tree in an earthquake yes what does it do it'll bend this way and it'll bend that way and it'll toss and toss but what will not happen to the palm tree it will not come loose why why because of its root systems a palm tree's roots are deep deep deep deep down and it's years of building so it'll sway when a hurricane comes around but it will not be uprooted as they would tell us be like the palm tree as a believer and so when you sit with these women of nude of light you find that they are incredibly vibrant you find that they're connected they're pulsating right literally it's coming through and what is they reflecting what is the radiance that they're reflecting it's the radiance of iman the radiance of belief the radiance of prayer the radiance of dua the radiance of quran quran the whole quran is nude it's light so imagine if you even have just one sura memorized which all of us have more than one here i'm sure because we all know at least don't fatihah if you have at least one memorized that is nude living within you you are literally the vessel carrying light and that light is reflected on you and so when people meet you they may not be able to tell what's special about you but they know something is different and oftentimes people think oh it's the hijab you're wearing maybe that's what's different you know but it's not it's more than that and when they talk with you they find themselves able to actually like have a sense of calm just by talking to you what is that it's not you it's not me it's not us it's wallahi it's not our work it's literally the light of Allah coming through the quran coming through the very beings that we have as we're reading and as we're reciting and holding on to this quran which is why we have to talk about nurturing our inner selves i joke a lot my holoca folks know i joke a lot about people and their skin routines and you should have them oh no i'm not saying that you don't tell you right but i tell this funny story of one time i was you know mella forgive me but i only tell the story because of this how how how much i was caught off guard by the story but anyway it was one time i was i never go up necessarily to the floor up where has all the administrative offices but i had to drop something off so i dropped off something at this office and the person working there had never met and i was literally just at the doorway and i said oh i'm here to drop these papers off and literally she turned like this she's in one of the wheelie chairs and she kind of turned like this and she goes what's your skin routine i was just caught off guard like you know and if i had one you know i'd be happy to offer it you know and i was like what she's repeated the question again i was like literally three times and so and so finally you know i said no really i don't she's like oh no tell me your secret come on i know what's a secret woman out there secrets come on literally i probably should have said to her repeat after me i thought i reflected on this because i walked i was kind of like i left the and i just kept thinking about this and thinking and i thought what is going on here and i thought subhanallah even a person who's not muslim who does not understand necessarily or know what we mean by the radiance of quran or of salat or of wudu who knows what that was allah who knows right but i mean to say it was something that was picked up by others and even if you don't recognize it it's happening right and you sometimes do see people or sometimes even yourselves often yourselves and you can't even tell but others can we believe in the aura like in a vibe an energy that is given off by iman and it's tangible and it's something you feel and the presence of angels and the presence of the very thing that Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala said and taught us in the quran see mahum fi wujuhihim i mean ether in sujood literally you can see it on their faces the traces of it are on their faces from their prostration it's in the quran i'm not making it up Allah describes it directly right and so when we think about what how do you get to this point there's a certain level of nurturing your inner self of purifying your inner reality that that glow isn't going to get there on its own and it's not going to get there as much as you rub stuff on it inshallah alhamdulillah the outer layer maybe but the inner glow isn't going to come until there's faith niyah intentions thoughts actions motives everything we do starts to become for the pleasure of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala and when it appears on your face it literally is the sign of the righteous and look in the tafsir by the way that aya that i just said see mahum fi wujuhihim some people and this is not me talking this is imam and kurti be in the tafsir says some people interpret this verse and think that it's an outer mark so they purposefully like you know press their foreheads in or do whatever they do to get this like gnarly thing on their face yeah i got myself in trouble a lot um imam kurti be talking not me he says some of the juhal those who are ignorant of the meaning of the verse believe that it's an outer mark but actually it's an inner it's an inner manifestation i'm excited again inner manifestation of that noor does that make sense really important that we understand our deen so this salah this prayer that we do these prostrations that we make they are literally illumination they illuminate you they give you a radiance and you are reflecting not your own work but rather the radiance the noor of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala and in particular i want to tell you about you know we i was rebinding our last night that we are exactly sisters how far out are we from ramadan exactly one month last friday so i was on a friday last friday yesterday which was friday right four fridays ago was the last day of ramadan right you're a month out so my question to all of you how is your prayer how is your quran how is your extra nefen and aibada and charitable acts one month out of ramadan how are we doing how are we doing let's just be real how are we doing good it's good to be honest wallahi transparency and honesty is the most important thing my holoca knows every friday of the last four fridays i have been insisting that people take out their phones open up their calendar and literally put in the app or wherever you write your calendar quran let it pop up as a notification of it's time for me to read quran because i know my schedule right when i open up this app it's very colorful no but if it does not say read now rania i may lose track of reading that day does that make sense as much as we think it's a habit and i got this i got this yeah i got this right the reality is life is chaotic there's just a lot of stuff going on and so you need to make sure that you actually pin yourself to it and then you hold yourself to account if it's not daily then it should be every few days if it's not every few days and at least once a week right there's gotta be anchors to this and if you're listening to this and you're saying alhamdulillah i've got this alhamdulillah prayers are good you know i'm able to do my nafil i'm able to actually read some quran can we talk about the next thing can we talk about the next thing like the next level and even if you feel like that's too far it's okay our teachers tell us and remind us you need to know what the bar is where you drink the you know what you need to reach to because if you don't set the bar high enough you're keeping it pretty low and you're like i'm good i'm good all's good alhamdulillah alhamdulillah alhamdulillah alhamdulillah who knows what that means right but if you know what the bar is then you know that you're still striving to get there so they would tell us the bar in terms of simah who fee would you hear him right if you want that radiance the bar that our teacher set for us which is a hard one but we learn it directly from the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam is the hashut it's the extra night prayers now let me tell you another story of another individual in our history who is definitely one of the most radiant woman there's two that i'll mention today but one that i'll start with when we think of extra worship and extra prayers an extra connection to Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala sometimes people think of men and male worship but i want to focus you back in that in our tradition there is this beautiful poem written about a woman abida servant of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala worship of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala that they say that her ibadah her worship out worshipped a thousand men who am i talking about the rabia al-adawiya the rabia is beautiful subhanallah this is a pre-rumi okay inshallah and she's her her her her literally her du'as are captured as poetry subhanallah how beautiful her monajat or just her her her kind of pleading and begging back and forth with Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala so i'm going to read one to you and it says oh god and my lord eyes are at rest and stars are setting hushed are the stirrings of the birds in their nests or the monsters in the oceans you are the just who knows no change the balance that can never swerve the eternal that never passes away the doors of kings are bolted now and guarded by your soldiers but your door is open to all you all who call upon you my lord each love is now alone with his beloved and i am alone with you that last line especially that every person think about this one is taheshud three in the morning four in the morning middle of it literally middle of the night she would say almost everyone is asleep everyone is in the arms of their beloved and i am awake in your arms that level of connection with Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala when everything else is quiet and still getting out of the warmth of one's bed is hard it's hard i'm not going to try to rose color it any other way but what does it do for you if you want to know what the bar is right it's to understand that if you want the radiance you want to be able to reflect that luminosity and we'll tell you why in a moment here that it comes down to never missing your fardh sular your prayers especially the obligations and if you're good with that to add the nawaafal and if you're good with that try to add the extra of the night prayers or these taheshud prayers because the power of the light that they give the reflection of the radiance that something like taheshud gives literally it is the kind of powerful light it's like you know yesterday i was telling the students at the conference sheikh sharawee was a really beautiful egyptian um uh mufessir of the quran somebody who explained the verses of the quran and he was also a linguist so he really understood the meanings of the quran so beautifully and he had this really beautiful saying where he would say that all of humanity was in darkness and so they tried to figure out how to light up the place he said some humans came to it by figuring out how to do right let up a match little match a little bit of light right in the darkness a little bit of light someone got smart and said let's put the match on top of a candle okay now we have it's lasting a little longer but it's still a little light someone said let's take multiple candles and put them around on a chandelier someone said let's put it all together and make a torch right the next person comes around sometime later and figures out the light bulb then someone says put multiple light bulbs until you get all the way to where humans are striving they're trying they're trying to put light forward until they built the most powerful lights there are have you ever been in a stadium at night watched a game at night when you're in the stadium i played sports so when you're in the stadium at night it is bright it's as though it was literally the middle of the day that's how bright it is bright bright bright light and the point shift shot all we was trying to make is but when the sun comes up in the morning the next day you literally have to squint to see whether those stadium lights are still on or not and he would say what the prophet Muhammad sallallahu alaihi wasallam brought was like the sun compared to what all humans have attempted to put forward even in those bright stadium lights does that make sense that bright light if you want the brightest of the lights if you literally want the noor it's going to come from things like the quran and the prayers and especially the tahajjuds why why am i pushing this as much as we can because i want to tell you this hadith abu huray radiallahu anhu said that the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam said it's a heavy one but a really beautiful one he said verily my nation will be called on the day of judgment to imagine just take a moment put yourself in these shoes it's going to come we believe as believers we know it's coming but sometimes we don't think about actually putting ourselves in the shoes of what would it be like that day so just take a moment with me it's the day of resurrection yoman qiyama is happening you all heard as i heard the stories of the chaos the people running and screaming and shrieking and you know having a really hard time because the truth has come and there's no turning back and he says verily my nation will be called on the day of judgment and they will be identified how in in in millions of million billion billions of people how are we going to be identified as umit muhammad he says we will be identified by the traces of the radiance speaking of reflecting radiance the traces of the radiance from what from the will do every place that would do touched your body the face the hands and arms the feet the head everywhere that would do touched imagine can you imagine if you've ever been somewhere where it's like a glow in the dark or something that's a glow in the dark can you imagine being glowing in the dark glowing in the dark i want to glow in the dark i don't know about you on the day judgment mashallah to be like yep that one's from umit muhammad alhamdulillah right alhamdulillah i'm being very serious this is directly from the hadith of the prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam he says they will be identified by the brightly radiant traces from the will do whoever among you is able to extend this radiance then let them do so i'm just gonna let that sink in for a minute when we start talking as reflecting radiance my dear sisters i'm not talking about oh wow you're glowing are you pregnant right and yes pregnancy does bring a glow to it but i'm talking about a kind of glow that literally is seen if not here and if not by the people here is seen where it's more important and it's identifiable and identifying you on a day that otherwise is chaotic and on that day that you want to be identified from umit muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam so in closing and really kind of wrapping this up remember noor this noor that we talk about is a light or a glow and when people look at you they should see kind of a refreshing vibrant radiance that comes from what our faith our intentions our niyah allah even the niyah even the intention will give you noor even if you don't completely follow through or you were prevented from or you couldn't follow through on the intention you made you're rewarded even for the intention and then of course our behaviors our thoughts our actions and our motives and that one of the signs of the people who are righteous is being at peace having a good attitude and having contentment the last person i'm going to share with you who truly her name literally is the radiant who is the radiant who is it phaltima zahra what does zahra mean see everybody says flower huh she's literally called phaltima the radiant and phaltima radiallahu anha of course the youngest of the daughters of the prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and the only one who outlives him but dies very soon after him it is the mother of course of the grandchildren of the prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and lives a very pious pious humble life because neither she or her husband who is whom said naali karam allahu wajahu even he we say may allah ennoble his face can you imagine the ennobled face and the radiant face mashaAllah what an amazing couple that's abadak allah and here you have somebody who is has a difficult life because they were both poor and difficult so much so that one day say daali said to her can you ask your father for some help your father is the prophet of god like ask him to aah help us they are four children and she was they were poor he had to sell his shield literally to have enough maharat to pay for her dowry and so she went to her father she didn't find him there so she left the message was sitna'a isha radiallahu anha and that night the prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam came to her and said you came to look for me and she said yes i'm asking for help what did he say to her does anyone know huh what did he teach her he said in he said if you want i can get you help but if you want i can teach you something that's better than this and what was that say it together subhanallah alhamdulillah la ilah la allah allahu akbar and he taught her to say this and in teaching her this what was he teaching because it wasn't just teaching her he was teaching all of us by extension and this doesn't mean by the way you can't get help that's not the that's not the moral of the story some people take that and say i've got to be super old and i've got to do this all alone that's not the point of the story the point of the story is to be content to be patient to work through it because what the prophet sallam is teaching he's using his daughter realizing that she will be the example she's she's from the exemplars right the woman who are guaranteed paradise and there are so many women of this in this globe on this globe who are never going to have my dear sisters i know you all come from different communities and walks of life but we all collectively have most women in this on this globe do not have and cannot access do you hear me so when the prophet sallam says can i teach you these words it's because there will be the millions of muslim women who can't access extra help and how will they remain steadfast and content subhanallah but like the original story i started off with imam malik if allah's given you wealth then use it alhamdulillah allah wants to see that goodness on you but if he hasn't given that to you and that's part of your trials your trials then there's other ways to hold on to contentment as well do you hear what i'm trying to say this dean is for everybody so therefore it has to have flexibility for all times and all places and all people right and so back to what we're saying of satana phatima zahra part of this is knowing that by nurturing that inner self you're going to also be able to glow externally and even if it does not show to the people around you or you can't see it when you look in the mirror know that the angels have witnessed it and know that when the day when it matters when you want to be identified as part of the umma of muhammad sallallahu alaihi wasallam that that radiance and luminosity comes through that's what we're hoping for wallahi so my dear sisters and i'm speaking to all our young ones and to all actually everybody here please the hadith clearly says if you have the ability to extend it then let them do what is he referring to make sure that the wudu is full look as a thick teacher now people are not going to ever want to make wudu in front of me i hold my tongue i don't know you so i won't say anything but if i know you or if you've been in my holoca for some time and i walk in and you're making wudu next to me and you're going like this i will tell you sister unpin your hijab allow that water to get all the way through to the entire extent of the face to the entire extent of the elbows make sure the feet are fully washed allow the light to shine in the dunya and in the akhira the splashes and the quick wipes aren't going to give you the kind of luminosity that we we need did i hurt my feelings alhamdulillah i love her and so i'm going to end here inshallah by telling you that the prophet muhammad by hadith of the prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam where he said in paradise there is a street in which they could come ever they would come every friday and the north wind would blow and it would scatter fragrance on their faces and on their clothes and would add beauty and loveliness that's what it says and then they would go back to their families after having added their this beauty and loveliness to themselves and their family would say to them by allah you have been increased in beauty and loveliness after leaving us and they would say by allah you have also increased in beauty and loveliness after us subhanallah the point of this hadith here is to think about how this idea of jannah that in jannah all of it is literally light is nude and if you feel the sense of darkness here right now in this life that you're living there's constriction there's tightness there's difficulty there's dark corners as a believer know that there is everlasting ever-ending never-ending light that's coming forward i hope inshallah you and i can find that kind of light in this dunya too but if it's hard to find or there's moments or stages or years of your life in which are difficult to find that light know that the light is coming forever after this inshallah ta'ala and that helps the believer breathe knowing that what's to come is greater and bigger and that allah and his vastness in his vastness won't ever leave us alone inshallah and with that we'll close wa-alhamdulillahi rabbil alameen wa-sallallahu alhamdulillahi muhammad wa-alaihi wa sahbihi wa-sallam ajma'in ask arab alameen that you please yallah allow us to be women of radiance woman yadab bihu glow from the inside out yadab bihu's insides match their outsides and their outsides match their insides yadab bihu we ask you to be people who are steadfast on this deen yadab bihu allow us to have the kind of light on our faces from the traces of our wudu and our prayers yadab bihu allow us to try to be people of tahajjud to stand between your hands alone when all others are sleeping yadab bihu to experience that sweetness of faith so we are never ever shaken yadab be like the palm tree it may sway but it's never uprooted yadab bihu we ask you yadim to please bless us increase us empower us uplift us yadab bihu we ask you to love us because we love you yadim and allow that love to enter into our hearts fully and completely and the love of the prophet muhammad sallallahu alaihi wa-sallam and to be able to give that love and the knowledge of this deen to our progenyakereem that are great great great grandchildren in this country still call themselves muslimin. So we'll go through as many as possible. All right stada hosay. How um how how the sister is asking how to advise uh she says how to advise my sister who doesn't dress modestly and I want to see her and do well for her akhira I want to see well like you know you just want good for your sister how can she advise her. I always have so many follow-up questions when we get these like is this your real sister are you close to her um is it your friend a lot of those variables map because hadid and asihab and we have to be very delicate when we're advising people um so the closeness of the bond really does matter um and I would just say continue to be a good sister to your sister when we reflect all the virtues that we've talked about and we are loving and kind and supporting you're definitely going to get more reception and if that opportunity so um yeah the better the more you focus on just being a really good um model modeling the virtues of our faith that inshallah when the opportunity if the opportunity presents itself for you to give advice she will likely receive it better but if every time you meet with her you're just focusing on her not wearing hijab and in your heart you're kind of judging her um even if it's coming from a place of wanting her guidance then you may lose that uh opportunity to really create a bond hamdallah you know I have relatives who do not wear the hijab and to be honest it'd be it's become something that I don't really focus on uh when I'm with them I just want to enjoy my time with them and and create that bond and I feel that over the years we have definitely built a very strong bond and there have been times where yes conversations go into different directions and I find that they genuinely are listening uh and they want to hear what I have to say because they haven't felt judged by me the entire time that we've been friends with or I mean that I've been close to them so I would just say continue to be a good sister make and then also the other part of it make a lot of dua your dua and the absence and her absence could be the very reason why Allah swt turns her heart to wear the hijab and just continue to just be a good sister inshallah the hijab is definitely full of the but um it's not something that we should make as a or prevent us from feeling close to someone who doesn't wear hijab because everybody's on their own path inshallah this question has to do with the probably just like the the rule following sometimes people get have questions about that so how important is it to pray towards the qibla and is it important to do will do with water all the time it's a valid question so we'll answer it definitely absolutely um so is it let me tell you something if and it's not a filq class today but we're going to go into filq or Islamic rulings for a moment across all the schools the rule is that you have to determine the location or the direction of the qibla in order to for your vow your prayer to be valid interestingly it means that you exert your best effort so dear sisters these phones that you carry they have a built-in compass yeah and in your prayer app it also has a compass and i am old enough to have carried compasses actual compasses with me forever everywhere i went in school college you know whatever everywhere we went everywhere we went right before these smartphones happened and then we became kind of dumb and we forgot how to like figure out the direction of the qibla subhanAllah they're right here these compass apps or whether an actual compass or even better is learning the shadows which is how people before compasses used to figure out the directions of the qibla and also the timings of prayer they figure out north east west and south one time i'll tell you this very quick story one time i came i was in a international travel and the my transit was very very short and when you're in an airport and you have to like run from one gate to another really quickly and i had to catch prayer right in that little tiny window or prayer would have left and when you come out of an airport and you're like discombobulated it's international you don't know where you are it's not you can't even speak what the language is what's going on you you you're it's kind of discombobulating and i thought to myself okay at the very least i'll look out and see like the shadows well turned out that by then it was very cloudy and i couldn't figure out the direction of anything where the sun was so i said yalla yalla yalla please help yalla the interesting thing is in about an airport is that people especially in an airport know the directions they know which way is east north and south and i said what is the direction of east helping just give me one just give me east do something you know and so subhanallah as i came out of the airport and the the person i asked for my question said are you looking for the qiblah it was almost some brother i couldn't tell subhanallah but he could see i was razzle trying to figure out the direction of prayer at least a direction yalla sends you people with a good intention try your very hardest i'll tell you a follow-up story one time two of us but taken a fifth class together we're at another conference and we had to pray and we had nothing with us to figure out exactly the direction inside of the building it's all like close and it was actually night time it was a night prayer so there was no sun to exactly see where it said it where you know where it came up and where it's set and so anyway the rule in the fifth book is you have to do your best effort to figure out the direction of the qiblah and if the two of you disagree each one has to pray according to the qiblah that they figure it out is the best and so i tried to convince her it's this way and she tried to convince me it's this way and we couldn't agree we had both studied fiqh we were both students of fiqh and at the end we both said we know what the rule is and each one prayed on our own and it and it counted for each person because they did the prerequisite so i always tell people don't walk into room just go um hello but you gotta give some effort some effort of figuring out east northwest and south now in terms of wudu the answer is the same it requires a full wudu always right and with the few or i'd say with the few exceptions but they have to qualify for the exceptions that require a dry a blue sheet or tayamum and if it does not qualify for tayamum then a full water wudu is actually required if your wudu was broken but if you're one of the lucky people that know to carry wudu from one prayer to another some people are akin they don't like break wudu easily you'll carry wudu for a little while otherwise it is hard and nowadays in the university where i work there's a lot of same gender like one gender bathrooms right listen the rooms the of the bathrooms i mean that have the one person stalls and they say for everybody all genders i'm like fine because at least it closes the door and i'm able to use this i use this in airports i use this in bathrooms in schools colleges everywhere wherever i am if i can find that it's easy because you can close the door and easily make wudu right and if not then it's hard yes it's hard but it is part and parcel of being muslim of course tatha madhyam how does one start or work on surrendering to the law and just letting go i think it really depends on the circumstance this is super general and it really really could depend on what the person is asking about um sometimes people ask me this when they have a specific da'a that they've been making for a very long time and they're wondering if the fact that it's not being answered means that Allah swt just doesn't want to give it to you for whatever reason maybe it's not good for you maybe it's not good for your akhira and so this is where they're asking that question from i'm going to answer it from that perspective because there's no other context and that's the one i'm asked most um but number one recognizing that Allah swt loves you so much that he always decrees what is best for you even if in that moment it doesn't feel like it's the best thing and i'll give you the example of somebody who um you know wants to get married to get this question all the time wants to get married wants to get married it's been like 10 years they've been making da'a it's been 15 years they've been looking and they're just looking and looking and now they're wondering should they just give up should they just stop now they're in their mid 30s they've been looking since they were like 20 um and they're wondering whether or not Allah has willed marriage for them and whenever someone asks me this question i always ask them do they want to get married is it something they want and if the answer is yes they actually wanted it's not something that they feel pressured into it's not something that their parents are you know begging for them to do it's something they've been open to and they've really sincerely been trying then i suggest that they keep asking and they keep making istikhara about other you know any opportunities or anything that might open because you never know what Allah swt wills for you you will never lose with da'a so if it means that Allah swt has willed that marriage is not the best for this person then maybe he's going to open a different door but while you're making da'a for marriage you say if it's best for me open the store if it's best for me facilitate it if it's best for me give me better than i can ask for and in the process if it's not best for you then Allah will give you something better he absolutely well you literally cannot lose with da'a either he will avert some evil from your life may Allah protect everybody and everyone everyone we love you all or he will give it in the hereafter or he will give something better than you can imagine while you're making that da'a or he will delay it for a better time he'll give something different you can't lose with da'a so the first thing is just keep making the da'a with the clause if it's best for me if it's not then take it away from me and bring me something better and the secondly after that what actions are you taking or not taking i know i'm giving the marriage example so i'm sorry if your question was about something totally unrelated um but a lot of people i know are only open to marrying someone of their specific race or of their specific state they don't want to move out of state um they have to marry someone who has the same type of career background or a specific type of income level um those are fine it's fine to have those general you know interests but that's going to close the opportunities for a person who's looking so what do what does the person looking and at making da'a for also need to do to open kind of like those doors maybe Allah SWT is sending someone over and over and because of specific requirements that they're just closing that door over and over themselves so constantly make istikhara keep your you know your your options open um and always you know make da'a but also in the process please you know i'm really big on this i always talk about maristan to everyone and their mom please go to therapy you know it contact maristan sometimes the reasons why people are saying no to individuals is actually not because the other person but because of something they need to work through so going through therapy and navigating that is really important so that inshallah you are at a place where you can sincerely consider who might actually be good for you so maybe it hasn't happened yet because you're not at the right space yet only Allah knows i don't know i'm totally no no idea um and maybe it's not meant it's not meant for every person and that is why we have so many examples in our history of women and men who did not marry but who are scholars who were da'a who are so involved in islam they could travel they could do so much more because they didn't have the responsibility of family and in this particular way so only Allah SWT knows and may Allah bless every single one of you and everyone that you love with the best you're below many um another one first other medium about um book recommendations mashallah your talk was like packed with so many interesting people and figures and history so several questions actually about you know your reading list maybe for the recommendations yeah you know i'm i'm gonna ask everyone else if they have recommendations i have i generally read in arabic only now because the sources in english are so limited there are more and more that are coming um but i know a last time i said i'm done with my book i was not done i thought i was done but now i'm still working on it inshallah when it's out inshallah it'll be a resource inshallah please think to offer it's taking forever um but uh in the book i've translated so much because so much is just not in english however what i do know in english that i really recommend is al muhadithat and i say this every all the time a l m u h a d d i t h a t al muhadithat it's by sheikh akram nadoey and it's in english um and then there's also tahreer al mar'a is just being translated by adul salahi and i don't know it's what it's called in english what is it called in english uh women's social participation or something like that but look up a d i l s a l h i adul salahi it's a six volume book in arabic and he's translating different volumes slowly um and then there's also reclaiming the mosque reclaiming the mosque by dr jesser auda a huge scholar of maqasid in our time um reclaiming the mosque um and then there's one more in english which is help me what's another one in english there's one uh what was the genre just like a woman's issues woman's scholarship woman scholars of the past i know there's one more that i'm missing it's like a biography or bibliography not bibliography it's a biography um sorry if i think of it all i'm so sorry that it's yeah inshallah inshallah all of you will be those who contribute to the literature that we desperately need in english but it's it's it's it's getting out there just slowly but there's definitely more that i just don't know at the top of that okay i was just thinking we we did a book list uh forced out of hosai um i've been wearing a job on and off for a couple of months i'm at the point where i don't know how to answer people who see hijab as black and white how will i know when i'm ready to commit to hijab how long is the correct amount of time to take to make the decision of starting your hijab journey um this is a tough question because what i really want to say is don't answer them i mean you know i feel like people just need to respect boundaries it's odd like you couldn't imagine someone someone who you know with their prayer and asking them when are you going to do all five of your prayers like just the idea of someone doing that is just very intrusive and um i don't know i i find it uh just um yeah intrusive but i think it depends on the person and i i would say to the sister this is your journey with hijab it's very private it's between you and Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala you shouldn't feel pressured to rush your decision because people are putting these you know questions before you and now you feel like you have to answer to them no you don't it's your it's yours own it claim it and you can respectfully just say i'm i'm just in a transition in my life and you know it might take me more time but you know you'll know when i start wearing it all the time but again these are the types of questions that it really depends on the relationship you have with the one who's asking you um but if you can and if you feel comfortable i'm a big fan of being in control of your own narrative so i am an open communicator and if i felt like this was me i would likely announce to my siblings for example or my you know the people in my close immediate circle like listen i'm you know gonna be you know wearing hijab maybe here and there and it's a very personal thing for me and i would love your support in dua and i would include them in that way if you're comfortable that could be an option that way they they feel like they're partly with you but i do feel sometimes people especially around hijab if they don't wear hijab they might feel uncomfortable because they don't know if you are going to continue to change and they are not you know in on the same path as you so they sometimes i think people may put their own comfort before your comfort and that's why you have to kind of assess the situation what is the motive of the question or are they really curious about your path or is it more that you're making them uncomfortable and they're just kind of putting you on the spot um you know we don't want to necessarily have a su adhan or think the worst of people but i would just say that when questions are posed like this it's difficult because there's so many follow-up details that i think would make it easier to answer but generally speaking hijab is very personal and i think we have to as women um own that it is a personal decision and somehow in the most graceful way let our loved ones know that it's it'll take time and i encourage you to continue on your path inshaAllah and if it takes you months uh hamdulillah if it takes you years and hamdulillah but if you want to you know really kind of have a solid plan i would say and i i have advised sisters and it's worked set a deadline for yourself you don't have to share that with everybody but you could just say i'm going to give myself two months three months or you know by this point maybe it's a personal milestone for you a time in your life where you feel like you really want to by that point um commit to the hijab and that's your personal deadline you don't need to broadcast that to anybody because as soon as you do it and or if that time comes and then you're not ready everybody's going to come and start judging you again so i just feel like we have to kind of be very careful with over sharing but if it's again a relationship where you feel comfortable then just let them know that you're on a journey and just like all journeys it takes time so doctor rania how does one become an islamic psychologist really happy happy to talk about it hamdulillah first of all there's the maristan booth out there and you can talk to them inshallah um i was actually outside in the four-year and you're welcome to to chat with the folks at the table um yeah so how do you do this so i always talk about how if you're going to put the word islam before anything so in this case islamic psychology then it has to be something that's actually starts with and is grounded in islam um there's a lot of discussions on you know you know let's kind of throw in a little bit of hadith here and a little bit of quran here and make mental health kind of muslim and there is a field actually called muslim mental health which is for muslim people right and kind of their mental health but it's not the same as islamic psychology what islamic psychology means is that that the foundation of the actual field starts with islam and then a psychology is derived or built upon it from islam itself if that makes sense so how does one of go around go about doing this um it does require and in fact my um every week in maristan i teach the the therapist i did go through the book the book that we alhamdulillah alhamdulillah were able to finish incomplete is called um introducing islamic concepts in clinical mental health care and what that's about is basically talking about exactly what i mean here are the foundations of islam and how do you integrate them into clinical care so in that training that we're doing it identifies and says how do you become an islamic psychologist and it has gives you three main things it says first you have to be able to ground yourself in islam which means a lifelong journey of islamic learning none of us nobody here nobody on this panel alhamdulillah and none of you either inshallah start studying islam and say okay now i'm done the minute you say you're done is actually the minute you know everything is lost you've got to keep going and keep going in your studies even if it's adding little by little so it's a commitment what to a lifelong journey of islamic learning secondly in this country in america you cannot become a psychologist a therapist a psychiatrist a counselor of any sort unless you are certified and credentialed by an actual program so that's either a master's degree or a phd degree or in the case of a psychiatrist an md a medical degree and you need those certifications to be able to practice in this country so alhamdulillah i hope we are having less people going around the community saying i can be a counselor i can counsel you alhamdulillah i can give you an assiha they can give you religious counseling or maybe some coaching but they're not actual therapists or clinicians unless they've actually done their degrees certifications licensing and exams right they are they are board exams and they're boards that govern this practice for ethical behavior and correct practice and thirdly the place in which you're neither sheikh nor are you you're not a sheikh here and you're not a complete secular therapist or psychologist is that middle space of how do you bring islam into the story and that's actually learning the ways so it's basically the training that i was talking about we call it the traditionally integrated islamic psychotherapy or tiip model for those interested um or taking some sort of diploma or course in islamic psychology so that you can bridge your western secular psychology training and bridge that to the islamic training and actually learn the concept so there's three steps of how you become an islamic psychologist there's a few questions about um study advice um like where's a good place to study people that want to memorize uh codon people that want to just learn their fata dying make sure that they're grounded uh just maybe recommendations from the panel obviously the rahmah foundation um but also a rabata and masha'Allah amazing institute everyone knows dr tamer gray and the work that she's doing with centering women's voices and islamic history and what that means now it's online it's accessible so between rahmah and rahmah masha'Allah we have resources we never had in the past also aslam institute is dr akram nedoui's online institute and if you'd like to do a higher level um like a series that have to do with uh other texts that he specifically has teaches you can also study with him i didn't mean to say higher level as in rahmah doesn't have higher level they both have higher level but they're just different types of tracks kind of doctor we wanted dr hayfi to be here today but she wasn't able to join us because of her schedule uh so i will say uh gender institute now that you've taken all the woman ones which is great they're usually the ones i get first on the list and alhamdulillah that came um other places that yet i always tell people who ask me especially uh high school students college eight students or anybody who was in a stage of life where they can actually take what we call a gap year i really encourage people to take a gap year in their studies because at the end of the day whether you graduate at 21 or 22 no one's going to remember or if you go finish your graduate degrees at 24 25 no one's going to remember but that one year that you spent studying is some right and i'll give you the some of the names of the seminaries in just a moment here is going to make a massive difference in your life so i really encourage people to literally pause for a bit and take a gap year if they can inshallah and if you can't then do the programs we're talking about here at albatta you take one course at a time one course at a time like a semester right you can every woman in this room can literally add a rabata course in their year every woman can do that also jenna institute does something called the year of knowledge so you dedicate a year to learning the foundations of your dean the other seminaries that are both online and in person is the qalam institute which is based out of texas and that is can take you from step one literally literally alif bata literally literally letters alif bata to full on five year alam alima program i was visiting them in texas just a few months back and i went into the beginner class they said this is year one they said they started in so i was visiting in november they started in september with the academic year they said these students here only knew alif bata when they came and they could only recognize the alphabet and i said what because i'm standing in the back of the class and they are literally legit reading texts i don't like how in three months did you get people going from alif bata to reading it's amazing right but that's what happens when you dedicate to like a strong good program so i encourage you to look out for qalam and do a virtual or you can do an in person in texas and then you can also if you have a year go to tesir seminary that's in tenancy with stada zaynab ansari who's one of our dear teachers and beloved friend of ours is the resident scholar of the tesir seminary so a woman mashallah the resident scholar and it's a year-long program in noxville tenancy so i'll add those two to the list as well tesir tesir seminary you've said them all i can't think of any others those are all the ones i was going to say as well yeah oh we forgot zaytuna of course which is in our neighborhood mashallah if you're hoping to do a bachelor's degree or a master's degree of course here in berkeley it has to be in person is a tuna college um tesir a spell t a y s e e r tesir seminary that's in person in noxville qalam is the one that has both and another one if you want to send your kids in person is miftah i think a lot of you have heard about miftah they were in the semester before and they're in michigan and they have a full-on boys program and now a girls program as well but they're in person uh program um the earlier ones we said yeah the earlier ones this one's this one is i think speaks to our time if a muslim man who is not responsible hasn't been a provider doesn't take a leadership role in making the kids religious or anything else in the household but as otherwise a good man is that man still superior to his wife and does the hadith about his woman not being grateful to him still apply that's first time i'm at him so there's a difference between filq and relationship advice therapy filq is law it's dry it doesn't look at what are the dynamics of this if you say this and he responds in this way also actually it does mention some of those things for some rulings but it's not going to say um respond to him in this way and then his heart will become soft and then your heart will become soft and then you're going to fall in love more and filq doesn't deal with any of that it's law so from a dry legal perspective if a husband is not financially providing fully for his wife it does impact filq it absolutely impacts the rulings of the rights that he receives but i'd like to go back to the end of the question which was something like does that mean he's superior to his wife Allah's panel that doesn't make the husband or the wife superior to one another in his sight both of you are equal in his sight there is a level of responsibility that the husband has over the family and over the wife and the and the questioning that he will be asked as a shepherd or as the leader of the family and the in the way that he makes decisions that will impact the whole family with the support and the guidance and the and the discussion of his wife and his children and the family now there are going to be men and women who are abusive who abuse their trust to abuse their roles and their rights including two children and there is a legal system in place for when that takes place but if we're not talking about abuse we're just talking about he's a good man which is what was mentioned but he doesn't take care of financially providing his not um you know in the role of a spiritual leader which is i think what the question was alluding to then really in today if you're asking this question and you're not you're in california and you can't go to an Islamic court court system and you're asking what to do there's two things i would recommend one go to therapy if you cannot go to therapy with your husband because he doesn't want to go where he refuses to go go on your own um it's very important that you go and you seek what you can do differently or what you just need to hear if for yourself and how that may or may not change the dynamic so you going to speak to a professional is really key that's much more important than you hearing asking and me me who is not a professional in um anything related to clinical science or relationships or marriage therapy any of those things answering this question on how this is going to impact your relationship please speak with a professional that's the first thing the second thing is this is a very general q and a your specific situation should also be discussed with a person of knowledge if there's an imam or a sheikh that you trust dr ania herself go to them and speak and ask about the specifics of your dynamic and seek advice because it sounds like you're saying he's a good man that's not someone who you're afraid of it's just maybe he's not giving you all of the rights is themically and the third is looking at the rules of filch so one if he is not fully financially providing for you and you are contributing to the household there's a few things that happen one scholars discuss that he no longer has the right to certain rights that he receives due to provide due to giving that provision but again when I say scholars say I'm not going into all the details scholars say is a huge statement which scholar which method how does the method look at that issue this is not the place for that longer discussion I'm just giving you generalities that there are scholars who discuss whether or not the provision happens how that impacts his rights that's the first thing the second thing is if you decide that you are going to contribute to the household yes it is Sadaqa from you because you are not required to do it so it's Sadaqa from you but some scholars also say that he cannot accept a Sadaqa and it has to be a debt that he has to pay you back and so in that case you would need to write a contract that at some point he would need to repay you if that is what you're asking for so these are just interesting ways that Islamic law looks at this issue I'm not I'm sorry this isn't the place for like a long filx discussion on it I guess the the minor point is you have rights and Islam recognizes your rights to the mentality that he is somehow above you is is unfortunately something that is absolutely seeped throughout Muslim you know many Muslim thought but mindsets but Allah SWT puts the honor and responsibility on both individuals in a marriage the issue of who is going to make the final decision with certain aspects or who holds the more who holds more weight in terms of responsibility is one that of course is a discussion within Islamic law but also that falls on are they fulfilling their rights the rights and the responsibilities that they have in a household and finally please make sure that you speak with professionals and I'm actually should have passed this question before even answering it to everybody else so I feel like no I feel like you did such an amazing job literally was what I was going to add was not exactly professional because it's like that's the first step but the I just wanted to have one more thing was actually related to do which is something we talked about earlier in the questions but I just want to tell the sister who asked this and any sisters who have a similar question or something else that they're dealing with similarly please don't underestimate the power of do not remember that people are what you when you see them right now or in the years that you've known them these are also stages or seasons of life and people do have the propensity to change a lot so gracious to us he allows for tauba repentance and kind of coming back all the time and so we hope that the person you're asking about is somebody who sees the light at some point right and is able to actually change and the reason why we would tell a sister to really if a person if a man is good to her husband is good to her in every other way of not just sort of walking away from it it's because if he has the propensity potentially to change this could be a very powerful and wonderful marriage potentially even though right now in this season it's very difficult and so the reason I say that is because we have counseled women's upon a law and I sometimes share that some of you've heard these stories before where year after year we see them in women's conferences and they're very difficult things happening at home but how many times if I had a woman's upon a law who I've met year after year after year with very difficult circumstances and I would say do I don't have semester do I make sure you're taking all the steps the counseling and all the steps we talked about but don't underestimate the power of do I and how beautiful is it and this is truly happened like it's a real thing that I've experienced in a woman's conference like this where after several years subhan Allah she came and said my husband is here here he is him today love he's turned a corner he's turned a new leaf in a new chapter in his life something happened in subhan Allah sometimes they're hard things or bad bad things nothing's ever bad with Allah subhan Allah he sends us sometimes heavy things to wake us up right but they woke him up out of the stupor he was in subhan Allah and he turned a leaf and I think that's really important subhan Allah so just just give some hope and advice that our teachers give us alhamdulillah you know many the women who mentioned studying overseas getting you know but there being more barriers to travel and studying now even in the countries that were named Syria and even Yemen difficulty to go there now because of the situation but in the bay mashallah where there's so many different programs there's still the issue of access like not everybody knows about the classes not everybody is able to come here so what can we do to sort of connect they mentioned the inner city youth children that are coming girls that are coming from immigrant families who don't necessarily have transportation or just their locality doesn't have classes I can just we're trying to branch out so what we're doing currently is we're working with a group of sisters who are being mentored as part of our Friday night program the pre-class our teachers do take a class right now they're taking with Dr. Rania to mentor their teaching and then they're running their own halakha in Oakland so we do have that on the radar it's something that we've done in the past in different communities and we want to expand because we we know that access is difficult in terms of you know families coming to Pleasanton especially on a Friday night we all know the traffic it's just a traffic situation and such so it's definitely something on our radar I want to just answer that question oh my god what did Suzanne go did she run we got to get her back there are some questions related to what about nail polish the other like like fit questions and I would just say those type of questions really need a course of study because there's a lot of what ifs to your Avada and the best thing the best advice is just to complete a program so that when you stand in your prayer you don't have to deal with doubt and then you focus on the being mindful in that Avada so I would say that and then


This paper aims to detect and assess topographic changes quantitatively over Mount Amiens in Seoul, Korea using digital elevation models, DEMS, derived from airborne laser scanning, ALS, data by estimating the spatially distributed uncertainty of ALS-derived DEMS and applying probabilistic analysis with Bayes' theorem to detect landslide traces efficiently. The results indicate that ALS-derived DEMS have the potential to detect landslides with their uncertainty estimation, although the ALS data were acquired in hilly and densely vegetated areas. Quantifying topographic changes due to landslides with high reliability is beneficial for disaster recovery. This article was authored by M.I.Kyong Kim, Hong-Gye-U-Sung, and C. Ong-Sung Kim.


Simple Show explains Near Field Communication, NFC for short. This is Anna. Every day, she takes the bus to work. She enjoys spending her evenings shopping or going to the theatre. She has also already planned her next holiday in France. In the future, all of this can be arranged much more easily, thanks to NFC. NFC stands for Near Field Communication. This is a radio standard which works with small data volumes over limited ranges, allowing them to be transported. Most credit cards are already equipped with NFC chips. When Anna goes to her favorite clothes shops, she therefore needs only to briefly hold up the credit card to the reader and the amount payable is automatically deducted. For security reasons, this only works for small amounts for a maximum distance of five centimetres. Even the battery of Anna's new smartphone contains an NFC chip. At the box office, she can use this to pay and it enables her to download the ticket directly onto her mobile. She even uses the new technology on her daily bus journey. At the bus stop, she uses her smartphone to check in and at her destination, she simply checks out. The fares are then charged automatically, really handy. On holiday, her mobile becomes a travel guide without the need for any internet connection. Anna simply needs to briefly hold the phone up to an NFC surface and the information about the principal sites is transferred directly onto her smartphone. However, like every new technology, NFC does have its drawbacks. For example, in a credit card, there is a passive NFC chip which is continuously transmitting. With a special app, thieves can therefore read off personal data for their own use. For protection, a specially coated card case can be used. Or you can wrap your credit card in aluminium foil. Currently, there is no better solution for this. The new radio standard is also not yet available everywhere. Particularly with the use of the mobile as a credit card, there is still a need for improvement. Mobile manufacturers, network operators and banks need to come to a better agreement. This way, the purchase could appear directly on the mobile bill. One thing is certain, we will see NFC more and more frequently in the future. Even now, there are many more ideas for the use of this radio technology. Anna is also keen to discover what else NFC can be used for. Maybe soon, she will only need her smartphone to enjoy her evening. She can then leave her purse at home in confidence that it won't be needed.


Well, everyone, thank you so much for coming to our session. It's the last session of the day, so hope you've had a great KubeCon so far. My name is David Porter. I'm a software engineer on the Google Kubernetes team. I focus on Node. I work in upstream-signode community. And I'm also the maintainer of CAdvisor, which we'll talk about in this presentation, which is a monitoring library used in the Kubernetes ecosystem. Hey, everyone. My name is Peter Hun. I'm a senior software engineer at Red Hat, primarily working on the container runtime cryo. But I also work in upstream-signode and on podman and runc and other container-related technologies. Today, we're going to talk about making sense of your vital signals, the future of pod and container monitoring. So let me start this presentation with, I hope, a situation you haven't been during KubeCon. But for anyone who's been on call, it's probably faced. You suddenly get paged, right? And maybe you get paged and you have an alert. You know, maybe it's your chatbot application or your other LLM thing. And it says that the latency of your application is too high, right? What just happened and what do you do? Well, first thing, you probably hack it, right? But then after that, you figure out, how do we actually resolve this? And that's what we hope to describe in this presentation. So what is the monitoring of observability space and why is it important? So observability, it's really important to understand how your applications are performing, right? You want to understand if you roll out new versions of your application, how is the resource changing? Is there a regression in your application? Is it using too much resources, too little, et cetera, right? So you want to be able to identify issues and unexpected behavior with your apps. And maybe you also want to alert them, right? So we alerted, for example, on our latency and we got that alert, or maybe you want to alert on other scenarios like using too much memory or something like that. Additionally, maybe you have SLOs or SLIs for your internal customers or external customers and you need observability to understand if you're adhering to those SLOs or SLIs. And lastly, not just for you as the cluster admin or application developer, but also the internal Kubernetes components also need monitoring and metric data to perform its core functions. So a good example here, Kubelet, which is the worker agent running on every single node in your cluster, it needs monitoring data to be able to evict pods and understand, for example, which pod is consuming too much resources. Another example here, if you set up an ephemeral storage limit on your pod and Kubelet needs to know how much storage is your pod actually using? Because if you go over the storage limit, your application will be evicted. So we need monitoring data. You need it to be able to understand how your app is doing, your customers need it to ensure that your SLOs and SLIs are met, and also the core Kubernetes components also needed to perform its core functions. So when we talk about monitoring and observability, there's a lot of stuff in the Kubernetes ecosystem around this, and so we want to keep this presentation kind of scoped, but I want to give you a quick overview around what's there in the ecosystem. So the first thing is node level metrics. There's an open source project that's quite popular, the Prometheus node exporter. It's job is basically to collect node level metrics around how your actual node is doing.  The next category is Kubernetes components. So each of the core Kubernetes components export metrics around how they're doing. So an example here is the Kubelet exports metrics around, for example, the latency to start a pod. The second to last category here is metrics around your API resources. So there are some open source projects like KubeState metrics, which generate metrics based on the API resource objects. So an example here is how many pods are in this namespace. Maybe you want a metric for that. And then the last category of metrics, and this is what we're going to focus on during our presentation, is pod and container workload metrics. So this is actually around the actual pods and containers that are deployed on the node, how are they performing. And I would argue this is one of the most important pieces of metrics because this actually impacts your end applications and your customers for using your apps. So where do these metrics come from and how do they start? So to explain that, I need to introduce you to Cadvisor. And Cadvisor had a very humble beginning. This is a blog post from 2014, quite a while ago. And this is on the Google Cloud Platform blog. And this is actually the first time Kubernetes was announced. So you can see here Kubernetes announced here. It's like a cluster orchestrator back in 2014. And side by side on the same day that Kubernetes was announced, Cadvisor was announced. And Cadvisor's job here, as it's described on the blog post, is a tool that enables fine-grained statistics and resource usage for containers. So at this time, this is just the landscape. This is just when the containers were taking off, right? People were used to VMs and kind of node-level applications, not containerized workloads. And at that time, Google had a lot of experience running containers in production. And so when Google announced Kubernetes, it also realized the most important thing's going to be able to monitor and observe your workloads. And that's where Cadvisor came in. So Cadvisor's job was to basically get monitoring data for all the containers that are running. So what is Cadvisor a little bit more detail on how does it work? So Cadvisor, it's an open-source project. Its goal is to provide observability for all the containerized workloads that are running. How does it do that? It has built-in drivers for all the major container runtimes. This is things like Docker, ContainerD, Cryo. Once it starts, it understands and talks to the driver to understand what containers are running on the system. And then it collects metrics around all those containers and exports them in a variety of different formats. To do that, it actually uses a library called LibContainer from the Run C project to actually go ahead and scrape that metric data. And we'll go in a little bit more detail about how that works. The other thing to call out here is Cadvisor can be used in two modes, standalone mode and library mode. So standalone mode is how you can run Cadvisor on a single Linux box. So this might be useful, for example, even outside Kubernetes if you're just running some Docker containers on a single VM and you want to monitor them. But library mode is a little bit more interesting. And library mode basically allows you to integrate Cadvisor into your Go application and provide monitoring for all the containers that are running from your Go app. And the most important thing to call out here is Kubelet, which is the worker node agent, actually does this and links against Cadvisor as a library. So this means whether you know it or not, every single node out there that's running Kubernetes that runs Kubelet is using Cadvisor to provide monitoring data already. So what type of metrics are we actually talking about when we talk about Cadvisor and kind of these workload-level metrics? There's a huge list on the documentation here around the workload metrics. Too long to list here. But some example here is, for example, how much CPU time my app is using, how much file system storage is it using, memory, network, all types of things are exported here. And there's a lot of metrics to go through. So where do these workloads metrics come from? We talked about that they come from Cadvisor, but where does Cadvisor get them from? And this is where we need to introduce Cgroups. So Cgroups are the core Linux kernel functionality that provide resource accounting and monitoring for containers.  And there's two main goals of Cgroups. One is to group a set of processes together, so that's what basically forms a container, and then also be able to restrict a certain usage for different kind of resource types. So for example, when you set CPU limits and memory limits, Cgroups are used to actually limit and enforce those things. But not only to limit them, it also exports monitoring data about that. So that allows you basically drill down to a container level and say, how much resource is this container using or how much resource is this pod using? You can see it in different levels of granularity. And so with Cgroups, there's a new Cgroup V2 interface. And I did a KubeCon talk last KubeCon about it if you're more interested in details about that. But this forms the basis of where these workload metrics come from. So I'm going to hand it off to Peter to talk a little bit more about what does it look like for a metric and where does it come from?  I'm CPU usage or something like that. And I'm going to talk out how I go from the kernel to you as the cluster admin being able to see what my value is. So I'm the Cgroup value. The Cgroup FS is exposed by the kernel. And it shows it's basically just a file like everything else in Unix. And the kernel keeps it up to date with all of the processes within that Cgroup. RunC's lib container is a library that is used by both RunC, the binary, as well as CAdvisor to actually be able to read those values from the Cgroup FS. It's just opening a file and reading it. And CAdvisor calls into the container to read the Cgroup value. CAdvisor actually is watching all of the Cgroups being created on the node. And for all of the ones that it knows how to read, either the three container managers that we talked about, Docker, ContainerD or Cryo, it has special handlers to be able to talk to them a little bit to be able to figure out exactly how to interface with those containers, as well as it has a raw Cgroup driver to be able to read Cgroups on the host. CAdvisor will then put those metrics to do different places, which I'll talk about a little bit in a moment. So this is kind of the overarching picture of how I'm Cgroup value and I'm transmitted to you. I can also show a more concrete example. So I'm CPU usage, which we're gonna talk about a little bit more in a bit. So that comes from the Cgroup path CIS, the FSC group. And then there's quite a bit in between there for the specific container. It goes like, you know, in a burstable and then it goes all the way down to usage use, the CPU.stat file. And within the CPU.stat file, there's a field usage use second. That's actually the usage per microsecond. And that's exposed, you know, there. Libcontainer reads that and stores it in its structure, CPU.stat, CPU.usage.toldusage. And it does that when CAdvisor calls into it and gathers that value. CAdvisor then translates that into its own Cgroup structure and stores that in the usage.total. And then it writes to the metric container CPU.system.seconds.total directly, as well as transmits that to the cubelet. And the cubelet will then store that and emit it. So how are, you know, are you able to actually see the values of the Cgroup? The most common way that a cluster admin is going to be able to do that is through the metric CAdvisor endpoint or usually directly through Prometheus. So Prometheus gets it from the metric CAdvisor endpoint. That endpoint is proxied through the cubelet. So even though CAdvisor is directly writing to that endpoint, the cubelet is proxying that endpoint through its own proxy. So you can actually get it directly, you know, if you're using kubroxy or something, you know, this kind work, so this is how you would do it if you're running a node called kind worker, as you would with kind. And, you know, you hit that endpoint directly and you'd be able to read a whole list of metrics that CAdvisor is emitting. Cubelet also then takes the, when it requests those metrics from CAdvisor, it also translates some of them and writes them to a JSON endpoint that's called stat summary. And this is the endpoint that actually eventually gets translated into another endpoint called metrics resource. And this is what the metric server uses to emit that to the eviction manager.  The cubelet also depends on CAdvisor to gather node level metrics. So we call those machine metrics. And CAdvisor does that by, you know, reading the raw C Groups value of the host level C Groups. And that's how we know what the capacity of the node is as well as how much is being used, which will inform, you know, also will inform the eviction manager. So next up, we're gonna talk about a case study on like actually what one might do to read the CPU usage and how you might, you know, edit your cluster's behavior based on that. So to go back, you know, we started the presentation with getting that page. So how would you debug it? How would you investigate and understand what's going on? So we got that alert. What do we do? So the first thing is that's helpful here. And just in general, when we investigate an issue like this is to have a strategy because if we're just blindly looking at different things, you know, we might gonna run out of ideas or just try different things and not have a strategy. So one of the strategies here that we might use is something called the use method. This is introduced by Bren and Greg, who's kind of a performance guru. And the main idea behind this strategy is we look at all the different resources in our system and kind of analyze the utilization, saturation, and errors. And I'll explain what those are. So when we talk about containerized workloads, what type of resources do we care about? There might be quite a few with, you know, more and more devices these days, but the core ones that are always there are CPU, memory, IO, and storage. So basically we enumerate each resource and then we look at these different characteristics. So the first characteristic is utilization. Utilization is the average time that the resource was being used to do something useful. So how much CPU time was actually used by my application? The next one is saturation. So saturation basically tells us how much extra work we wanted to do with that resource, but we weren't able to because that resource was busy. So for CPU, for example, if you set a CPU limit, you know, that'll enforce saturation and you might hit some wall there, right? That we wanna investigate. And then the last category here is errors. Not all the resources have errors, but some might. So for example, with storage, you know, you might have an issue with actual disk and you wanna investigate some errors there, right? For CPU and memory, it's less likely we'll have errors. So here's our Kube Chatbot that we got alerted on. Here's the manifest. I wanted to make sure it's a guaranteed pod, so I set request equals limits and I gave it two CPUs because, you know, that's how much I thought I needed. So what does that actually mean when we set two CPUs as a request and limits? What does that actually do underneath? So it's helpful to understand that to understand how that actually works so that we can understand what metrics we wanna investigate. So how does CPU request and limits work? Let's do a quick deep dive into that. So CPU requests, the way to understand them, they're the minimum floor for CPU, right? When you specify a CPU request, Kubernetes doesn't over commit on CPU. The scheduler will always ensure there is that CPU available on the system. So you can always guarantee, even if the system is contended, you'll always be guaranteed to get your CPU request. CPU limit on the other hand, it's the ceiling for CPU. So if you set a CPU limit, even if there's spare capacity, you'll get throttled. So as soon as you hit that CPU limit, you'll get throttled and won't be able to use more CPU. So these are what it is from the Kubernetes pod perspective, but how's it actually implemented and what does it do underneath? So for CPU requests, we actually use a Linux feature called CPU shares. The way they work here is it's basically a proportion based system where one C group, one pod, one container might have certain amount of CPU shares and another one has maybe double the CPU shares and we kind of calculate a ratio between all the different C groups and the ones that have higher shares are prioritized higher and have more CPU time. That's for CPU requests. For CPU limits, there's something called CFS bandwidth control. So how does that work? There's two key pieces of information there. One is CPU quota. That's basically how much CPU time you can use within a given time slice. And then the second characteristic there is CPU period, which defines how long that time slice is and that's usually defaults to 100 milliseconds. So I think this is better explained with a picture. So let's take a quick look. So with CPU limits, I have a little example here. I have an app, let's say, that just needs one CPU worth of work, right? So it has one CPU worth of compute that it needs to perform. As a result, I know that up front. I'm gonna set my CPU request and limit to one CPU. I have my CPU period, my time slice, which is 100 milliseconds. It's gonna run. Everything's gonna be happy. Everything's great. But now let's imagine we introduce a CPU limit. So we set a CPU limit here just as a sake of example for 400 millicores, right? So 40% of one CPU. So what's gonna happen? How long is it gonna take? So first this first CPU period starts, it's 100 milliseconds. And our app is gonna actually run for 40 milliseconds. It's gonna run for 40 milliseconds because that's how much quota we have available because we set it to 400 millicores as our limit. But then after 40 milliseconds, our CPU quota's up. We can't run anymore and we're gonna get throttled. So for the remainder of that period that 60 milliseconds, we're gonna be throttled. But we're not done yet, right? We only actually were able to use 40 milliseconds of CPU time. So another period's gonna start, another 100 milliseconds.  And then you're gonna be blocked again because we used up all the quota in the period. So then another period's gonna start and then finally we're gonna be able to run for 20 milliseconds. And at this point, you know, we run for 40 plus 40 plus 20 milliseconds which is equivalent to 100 milliseconds. And now we've done our one worse of CPU work. But it took us three periods to actually do that, right? So it took us 100 milliseconds plus 100 milliseconds plus 20 milliseconds. So 220 milliseconds to do this work. When originally, when we had no throttling, it just took us 100 milliseconds. So this is why when you set CPU limits, it's important to really understand if they're having some type of disadvantage or if you're getting throttled. So how might we investigate this going back to our alert, right? That's where all the workload metrics come into picture. So first, let's start with CPU utilization to understand how much CPU our application's using. Here's the metric that's coming from CAdvisor, container CPU usage seconds total. It's a Prometheus metric. And I installed actually a open source project called the Kube Prometheus stack. It sets up, it's really nice. It sets up all of the Prometheus rules. It sets up all the nice Grafana dashboards. Everything kind of just works out of the box and it's using those metrics. So here's the dashboard that it comes baked in in Grafana. I can see here my CPU request in limit is two and you know, it's definitely CPU bound. It's running quite a bit on the CPU. But I don't know if this is like an issue or not, right? It's running around 1.5 to two CPUs. So it's definitely CPU busy, but is it actually saturated? Is it hitting some wall? And because I set a CPU limit, I need to investigate throttling. So how might I do that? There's two other metrics you wanna consider for throttling. CFS periods total and throttle periods total. So just like we were talking about before, you wanna understand how many periods your application ran and how many of those periods in which it ran, it actually got throttled. And using those two metrics, you can create an aggregated metric, kind of throttle percentage, which basically is just how many periods did you run total and then how many of those periods were you throttled, right? Throttled periods over total periods. And so that's what this built-in dashboard shows, the CPU throttling percentage. And you can see it's quite high. It's over 50%, right? So 50 to 75% of the time I'm getting throttled. So this tells me very clearly I'm hitting my CPU limit and that's preventing my application from using more CPU and CPU is definitely saturated and kind of the issue here. So how do we solve this? Well, the simple answer, just increase the CPU limit, right? Once you increase the CPU limit, everything will be great and your application will not be throttled anymore. So the main thing to take away here is workload metrics really helped us understand how our application's performing and helped us fix on a debugger issue. So that's kind of the workload metrics today and we're doing some work in the space. So I wanna hand it off to Peter to talk about kind of the future here. Thanks. So this, David just described the state of metrics as it's existed for largely the entirety of Kubernetes existing. See advisor gathering the metrics, a cluster admin reading them through various methods and acting on them. And this works really well, but we're constantly trying to improve Kubernetes and improve performance. And there's a couple of limitations that see advisor currently has that we want to address. So one limitation of it is it's a monolithic design. It's a very large piece of code.  But because of that, it ends up being a little bit unwieldy to work with sometimes. It's also barely CRI aware, even though it's able to talk to multiple CRI implementations, it uses the C group hierarchy to guess, to figure out what the container actually is, then makes a direct request to the CRI implementation to actually be able to get additional information from that. So it's kind of like an odd design, working to figure out what actually the container is up to. It also doesn't work at all for kernel separated containers, things like VMs made with COTA containers as well as it doesn't work at all on Windows. And because of that, you know, there are new topologies of, you know, Kubernetes nodes that are not even accessible to see advisor and you can't get all of the metrics that we're looking for. It's also, there's some work that's being duplicated between the CRI and C-advisor now. Kubelet has this notion of the stats providers and there's a CRI and a C-advisor stats provider and when you use a CRI stats provider, it actually, in addition to gathering the stats, the CRI, C-advisor is continually gathering the stats because it's just watching, you know, the new C is being created and it's, you know, just doing its thing, chugging along and reading all the values but that creates duplicated work which can actually have performance concerns, which is why, you know, Crowd doesn't even use a CRI stats provider even though, you know, it's a CRI implementation because we were worried about these performance limitation. So, you know, we're looking, in thinking about the future, we, you know, are thinking about who should really own metrics collection. C-advisor has been in this position for a long time and it has done a really good job of it but, you know, as we're trying to improve, you know, and add more features and also tune performance, you know, we also consider the CRI implementations as possibly being the best place to collect these because they're the ones closest to the containers and pods and that's just what KEP 2371 does. It takes the CRI, the stats gathering from C-advisor and pushes it to the CRI implementations. So, here we have, you know, C-advisor lists CRI full container and pod stats KEP 2371 and in this KEP we describe a world in which C-advisor is taken out of the business of gathering container and pod stats. It still has some responsibility in the notes so it's not going away forever but it is having its capabilities reduced so that the entities that know best about the containers and pods are the ones responsible for gathering those pods and containers, stats. So, here we have the alpha state of the KEP which has reached alpha in the last couple of releases. We have the, these here are the, the CRI messages that the QBIT will request of the CRI to actually fulfill its needs for the stats and metrics. So, we have the pod sandbox stats and that will feed into the stats summary API. So, the stats summary API is, you know, has these structured fields that it needs to fulfill for the entities that are relying on it like the eviction manager. So, the request is gonna, you know, ask exactly the things that it needs. We also have another structure, pod sandbox metrics and for that structure, these are, you know, eventually gonna feed into the metric C advisor endpoint because, you know, they're just key values basically on a, you know, on the metrics themselves. So, the CRI will do the gathering of the metrics in a similar way that C advisor does, report that up through the QBIT and then the QBIT will report that through metric C advisor. So, looking forward and imagining how the CRI stats will be exposed in the future, you know, the QBIT will continue to expose those two endpoints. The metric C advisor endpoints will be based on the metrics object of the CRI. The QBIT will request down to the CRI. CRI will gather all the information and report it back up to the QBIT through the CRI. And then the QBIT will convert those into Prometheus metrics where it will emit it, again, over the metric C advisor endpoint, proxying it in a similar way as it did before for C advisor. And so, the endpoint won't change there. For the stats summary API, the QBIT will request of the CRI implementation, the stats object and, you know, the CRI will, in similar fashion, gather all the stats and then package them, send them up and then the QBIT will translate that into its stats summary object. From the stats summary API, the metrics resource endpoint will also be fulfilled and that will be fed into, you know, the eviction manager. The QBIT will still depend on C advisor for gathering no-level metrics because CRI, you know, even though it knows best about the individual containers, it may not know the best about how to gather the metrics on the full node, so we're still gonna get machine stats from C advisor and, you know, similarly that will feed into the eviction manager as we saw before. So what are we looking forward? You know, we've completed alpha and then going forward towards beta, the main priority that we have is testing. So we wanna test a couple of different things. The accuracy of all those metrics, believe it or not, you know, the, while the stats summary API is somewhat tested and we are validating the stats, we're actually doing little testing of the metric C advisor endpoint and because of that, you know, we, to, in the process of imagining, you know, a place that it could be better gathered, we also wanna make sure that the place that we're newly gathering it is accurate. So we wanna add additional testing to be able to test that as well as test the old implementation. We also do know a validation that all of the metrics exist on the node at all. C advisor could technically right now just change any of those metrics and any of the alerts that exist on the system would be kind of broken. So part of this is also adding coverage to make sure that we have all of the metrics that, you know, people have begun to expect. It's functionally become a stable API of Kubernetes even though we never made any promises about that. So we're gonna, you know, begin to make that promise. And then also testing the performance. Metrics gathering is a really expensive thing that the KubeLit does. And the prospect of moving that into an entirely new component that hasn't been in this business for, you know, the entirety of the time Kubernetes has existed concerns some people and, you know, one might worry about the performance impact that might have. And it's an explicit goal of the KEP to make sure that there's no, there are no or very little performance hit when we're, you know, making that change. And that'll also allow us to test the performance of the existing implementation. So, you know, you as an end user might, you know, look up here and hear all the things that we're talking about changing and might be worried like what am I gonna see is my stats collection gonna get messed up? And ideally the answer would be none. There should be no impact to the stats collection. Stats summary is a stable API of the KubeLit and it's already being tested a little bit and we're gonna add some extra testing to make sure that those fields can be relied on and eviction still works as we're expecting. The metric C advisor endpoint, even though none of those Prometheus endpoints have been really tested, we're gonna make sure that they get tested so that, you know, you can all rely on those and not worry about that changing. In general, all of this extra testing should prevent regressions so that, you know, all the metrics and all of the stats that you've been relying on won't get changed. In summary, observability helps you gain insights into your application platform.  C advisor currently powers workload and container monitoring in Kubernetes. However, with cap 2371, we're moving that from C advisor into the CRI to better, you know, have better performance and have a cluster that makes a little bit more sense. As always, a contribution would be welcome if you have any interest in this work. You know, come chat to us in SIG node. We're happy to, you know, help, you know, as we usher through into this new world. I'd like to thank everyone for joining us as well as for, you know, all of these communities here, SIG node, C advisor, container run time maintainers and run C maintainers, all of which, you know, are relying on that the stats collection relies on and, you know, they are vital components of the system. And here are some more, here are some more resources that you could look into if you have any questions and I believe we might also still have time for questions. So thank you everyone for joining. Do we have any questions for us?