We're here at GET 2016, the second global forum for emergency telecommunications in Kuwait, and I'm very pleased to be joined by Mr C.I.O.C. Sir Valeni, who is Deputy Prime Minister, and also Minister responsible for Communications and Disaster Management in Tonga. Minister, thank you very much indeed for being with us today. Happy to be here. Perhaps we could start off by talking about Tonga and asking you about what's your country's experience in disaster management. Tonga is a small island developing state in one of the most vulnerable small island developing states. We have had two cyclones so far this year, and we as a country have experienced a lot of natural hazards in the last couple of years. We have had cyclones, we have had earthquakes, we had volcanoes, so we have had those experience and learned from some of that. And as a result, we have developed a set of measures in place. We have had a legislation that actually deals with setting up a body that is responsible for coordinating and managing our disaster response and also working on preparedness. We also have a legislation that actually deals with setting up an emergency fund so we can have some resources to address some of the post disaster needs and activities that need to be done, not only to save lives but also to provide the necessary logistics to provide the support to the affected communities. So based on the experience we had, we have set up certain framework in place and institutional arrangement that hopefully will better prepare Tonga, not only to prepare ourselves for the disaster but also to actually respond efficiently and effectively. And how can ICTs help to reduce the impact of natural disasters? ICT as you probably know is a key tool for sustainable development. In the case of disaster, one of the key focus areas for Tonga is preparedness. So we are actually using ICT to actually inform the communities, inform the public and also educate them. At the same time, we also use ICT when needed to actually warn them like early warning systems, providing information about weather for radio, television and also even using mobile phone for SMS and so forth. So ICT to us is a key tool in our efforts to better prepare our people and also in terms of response. After the both disaster response, we need to have communication in place. So we try to pre-position some of our communication system like set phones and what have you. So we can actually find out what's happening on the ground, especially straight after disaster. And what role does development play in disaster management? Development is very important for Tonga, as a developing countries. And what we've done is actually allocate a certain percentage, a relatively large amount of our development assistance towards building our resilience. Right now it's approximately about 30% of development assistance goes into building our resilience and also looking at addressing some of the disaster issues. And as a result, most of our project actually build in, affect, build in a component about, for example, if we're doing infrastructure. We try and build in a climate resilience, a disaster resilient component into it, recognising the fact that we are vulnerable to natural hazards. Finally, I'd like to ask you how can events like this, GET 2016, for example, help stakeholders join forces for a better tomorrow? Tonga is still believed that a multi-stakeholder approach is key to addressing efficiently and effectively about disasters. And GET 2016 actually bring in those relevant stakeholders, the private sectors, the operators, the policy makers, the government official, and through this type of forum, I believe we can share lessons learned, the strength, and we can leverage each other's resources to actually deal with a disaster more effectively. I think it is very important. The fact that all your progress in any of your development agenda can be wiped out by a natural disaster. Minister Syrvan, any thank you very much indeed. Thank you.


My name is Ben Duffy. I work in M-Tank. I co-founded which is a non-profit. I co-founded and Generally, we're trying to create unique resources about AI for everyone to learn about So my talk was about a lot of different things Generally, I introduced our non-profit M-Tank. I also covered kind of reinforcement learning computer vision natural language processing which eventually leads to Robotics and our goal we announced our startup Which is has the goal of creating a cheap low-cost robot for people for everyone in every home essentially a robot They could clean the dishes clean the table and Generally, I talked about the roadmap to get to here and the milestones we have to cover So a lot of people come home after a long day of work and they wish they had an extra hour in the day The day is too short What we're really trying to do is give you an extra hour by automating tedious tasks like taking out the Garbage or washing the dishes So there's a lot of challenges that we have to overcome Mainly robustness We want to be able to pick up cups and many different types of objects at a high accuracy If it ever drops a cup you wouldn't buy the robot And there's many other tasks. So for each task we have to do for example taking out the garbage I'm going to make sure that we don't harm the environment harm the robot Or and it has to be generally safe and get the job done I think a lot of the technologies are coming together as I mentioned computer vision natural language processing reinforcement learning and Mostly technologies in robotics to make it low cost right now robots cost 50,000 100,000 We're trying to make a robot for less than 1000 I think all of it's coming together both software and hardware to be able to make a robot That's useful for everyone in every home


Hi everybody, Joe for JasperJasperEaseCaseBreaks.com coming at you with 2020-2021 upper deck premier hockey. Five bucks, pick your team number 11. A lot of nice stuff in here. There it is. Remember that's the second inner case from the fresh master that we pulled a little bit ago. And big thanks everyone here for making this happen on Sunday the sixth. Thanks for spending a bit of your Sunday night with me. I appreciate that. Sunday at football about to get underway. Now at the end of this break, I'll randomize everybody's names and the name on top will get into the Jersey Fests, our latest promo. And if you're in the Jersey Fests, you're guaranteed a jersey, just a matter of what jersey is gonna get randomized to you. So you can check out the details of all that on JasperEaseCaseBreaks.com. It's a relic on the bottom. Use this blank card to slow play some of the hits a little bit. All right, good luck. We've got Miko Ratanian to $2.99. That's for Colorado, David. Dylan Cousins, $32 out of $2.99. Our first rookie auto and patch, sorry, John Leonard, $2.45 out of $2.49. That's gonna be for the Sharks. That's gonna go to Chad Oh in San Jose. We got rookie Paramount Premier Patch and Auto. That's Ty Smith for the New Jersey Devils, $2.97 out of $2.99. David B with that one. Hopefully these guys' players, these guys' good. I hope they are. We're on their way to be good. And we got highest suitor. Two color relic, $29, $26 out of $49. That's for Chicago. That's for William. The relic on the bottom is Timothy Liljegren. Toronto, David B with the Mabel leaves. All right, next box. All right, Matthew Barzal, $2.95 out of $2.99. New York Islanders, be for David. We got Alexei of $2.64 out of $2.99. For the Caps, it's gonna be for David, David B. We got Alexei of, again, this time a rookie auto and patch, David B, Caps. And we got Alexei LeFrenier. I've heard of him. He's premier autographed, $24 out of $35. And that's for Steve Birch and the Rangers. Got the Rangers in the filler. Gets the nice on-card auto. That's pretty nice. We got a quad relic, Nate McKinnon, Gabriel Lanskog, Miko Rentinen, and Kale McCarr, $19 out of $25. All Colorado, all for David B. And we got JT Miller, Vancouver Canucks. That's gonna be for Steve Birch. All right, a few more boxes here. Yeah, that is a nice hit. On-card autograph as well. And I feel like after his first year, and I don't follow hockey terribly closely, but I want to say after his first year, a lot of people were like, yeah, he was okay. You know, but I think his second year, last year, I think he ended up being really good. Kept improving as the season's gone along and the Rangers ended up making the playoffs and went further than a lot of people thought. All right, there's Anze Copetar, 31 out of 65 for my Kings. David B. with the Kings. We got Philip Khrushchev, 33 out of 2.99 for Chicago. And here he is again, Khrushchev for Chicago. Nice patch, nice auto. 57 out of 65. That'll be for the Blackhawks. That's for William, who won the Blackhawks in the filler. And Malik, that's right, Malik. Will is getting to the start. There's Oly, Ulevi for Vancouver. It'll be for Steve Birch. And a three out of three, Vitek Vanecek for Washington. That'll be for David. And out of fives and under, David, that's the train whistle. Thanks for booking your ticket on the Big Hit Express. And you get to pull the train whistle. All aboard the Big Hit Express. Woo-hoo! Oh, nice little laundry tag there. All right, and we got Jack Eichel. Buffalo! It's in coup with the Sabres. All right, couple more box to go. The Sunday night NFL game, kicking off now. All right, there's Jack Eichel again, 13 out of 65. There's Timothy Lozhegrin, 224 out of 299. Maple Leafs, David B. And a redemption, Dylan Cousins. Didn't we get a Cousins earlier here? I think he's, yeah. He's a Buffalo Sabre. Buffalo! And that expires in 2024. So still plenty of time to redeem it in coup with the Sabres. Yeah, the Titans are a sneaky five and two, aren't they? Gilo's pointing out. Ooh, that's a cool-looking one here. Premier signature pursuit, Ryan Souter. 27 out of 35 for the Wild. And that goes to Steve Locke, different Steve, Steve L. Some cool photography there. Got a dual relic here, David Passmanek, and Patrice Bergeron, 79 out of 99 for the Bruins, William, with Boston. And the last relic here is Josh Norris. Ottawa Senators. It's for David B. Final box. All right, here's a base card, Ryan Souter for Steve Locke, to 299. And there's a Victor Sorosim. 119 out of 299 for Arizona. It'll be for Christopher. We've got Pierre Olivier Joseph. 188 out of 249, three-color patch on card autograph. Pittsburgh, it's for Michael. Michael Eng and the Pittsburgh Penguins. Got a poor top loader here, get out of here. Couple more here, another Premier signature pursuit, Brock Besser, for the Canucks. Nice, 20 out of 35, really like the photography, that's real sharp. And we've received Birch and the Canucks. It's a team that he won in the filler. We've got a 16 out of 24 chest logo, that's really cool. Chris Tierney for Ottawa. David B. with the Senators. It's another poorly constructed toddler. Here's that whole batch, bad batch. This one's a good one. And one more, it will be a rookie paramount Premier jersey, Philip Khrushchev for the Blackhawks. That's gonna go to William and Chicago. Very nice, boys and girls. Thank you very much for getting in. Got a giveaway. Who's gonna get into the Jersey Fest? That's a fun one. Chance to get a fully licensed fanatics jersey. It's pretty nice. All right, let's gather all the names here. Thanks everyone for getting in. Name on top. After the site gets, it's a secure connection. Five out of five, name on top after 10. Hard 10, good luck. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, and 10th and final time. After 10, name on top is gonna be, it's gonna be really happy, but really sad is, unless your name's on top, David, sorry. But thanks for trying, I appreciate it. But it's gonna be only one winner. It's gonna be William. Wow, with the spot that you won, that's why you have that little carrot or rooftop next to you. With the spot that you won, coming in handy. Because your name's on top, you're gonna be in the Jersey Fest. If you go to the break schedule, you'll be able to click the promo tab and you can see your whole list of names there so you can make sure. And if your name isn't there and you want a spot, definitely let us know. JasperysCaseRakes.com, I'll see you next time for the next one.


Hey, ready to go back to here and in this video, I want to introduce you to my new favorite photographer.  If you haven't seen the show, I'll put a link to the show in the description box below this video. I'll also put a link to an article I wrote for f-stoppers and that'll be below this as well. So make sure you check out her work, even if you're not into dog photography. There's some interesting perspectives going on, her use of wide-angle lenses in flash, an environment that's probably not that familiar with using flash for say, dog photography outdoors on location. So make sure you check out some of her work. Also, I'll have a couple of images flashed up in this video. I've got some permission from Kaylee to share these images with you and I'll also put a link to her website below if you want to check out more of her work. And also too, I want to share some of my Sony camera settings. I just saw a video from Gerald Undone. I'll put a link to Gerald's video below this, but it just confirms what I was already using. On my Sony a7 III, which I'm using right now, I'm using the Cine 2 profile with Cinema Color. So that's my most common one for shooting indoors. When I'm shooting outdoors, I'm also using HLG. So I'm surprised and not so surprised that Gerald recommended those two as his primary settings. Check out Gerald's video. It's very in-depth about Sony picture profiles for video. And if you're a Sony shooter, you'll definitely want to check that out. I'll put that in the link below. So I just wanted to share a couple of things with you in this video, my new favorite photographer and also Gerald's video that's really well worth watching. So anyway, thanks for watching this video. If you have any comments or questions, you can leave them down below. If you'd like me to interview Kaylee in an upcoming video about some of her techniques, let me know in the comment section below and I'll see if she's up to do an interview. Alright, thanks again for watching this video. Give me a thumbs up and I'll see you in the next one.


Continuing on the hardware track, we're going to bring on Bunny Huang, the CTO from Chiptronics. I'll just let him set up. I'd like to introduce Bunny, who is best known for his work hacking the Microsoft Xbox. He's also known for his efforts in designing and manufacturing open source hardware, including the Chumbie, the Chiptronics, and the Novena DIY laptop, a home assembly laptop with all the blueprints and schematics published publicly. Today Bunny will be sharing on security and highlight the challenges of handling sensitive data. And this obviously is a big topic these days, especially in Singapore on security, data privacy, and data protection. As talk today introduces Be Trusted, a device that might be a possible remedy, a physically separated trustful display and keyboard directly connected to a secure enclave. Excellent. And Bunny, over to Bunny. Round of applause. See if I can make this work. Now I don't get the little cheat thing, or I get to see my next slide that's coming up, so I have to see if I actually remember this presentation well enough to give it to you off the front. So I'm sorry for the delay, and also thanks everyone for coming to hear this. It was a really good series of talks earlier, and this is a little bit of a non sequitur, I guess, but I've been thinking a lot about sort of the mobile space in a bit, and I find it sort of like a little bit crazy that we sort of use our phones for absolutely everything, and we sort of just take it for granted that everything is trustworthy. I think Harish was talking a bit earlier about the issue of trustworthiness, and that people feel like they can go ahead and just on one screen, look at pictures of cats on any random sort of web page, and then flip to another one to Google Authenticator tokens, and it all just stays in sort of the right place, right? And as a sort of a harder guy myself, I find people's sort of blind faith in these abstractions to be disconcerting. So how many people here are familiar with Spectre? Have heard about it? Okay, most people have heard about it. So there's sort of a vulnerability that has been disclosed, and actually we're continuing to disclose more and more about it, where basically a sort of a fundamental assumption that's built into every computer, every piece of hardware virtually that I'm looking at in this room has this vulnerability in it, where sort of hidden machine state that's used to accelerate your computation is used as a side channel that can leak secure data out. Other processes can go ahead and read what should be in a secure area. And the bottom line is basically there's a choice you have to make. You either get speed, or you can have safety. And there's an interesting paper here that I sort of referenced on the right, where a bunch of engineers at Google have sort of written some stuff up about how sort of proving that this could be actually sort of a not fixable thing in the near future. This combined with sort of like a very strong demand for exploits. So this is a chart here from a website called Zerodium that you can go ahead and use to price what the current market price of an exploit is. So if you look at the very top, an iPhone, remote jailbreak with persistence is going to land you $2 million. That's sort of the market price today for one of those exploits, all down to like $100,000 for sort of a Wi-Fi remote controlled exploit, or a bunch of other exploits in between. And so some people say, well, this is because we've gotten so good at security, the price is going up. And other people say actually the demand for exploits is so high that we just can't crank them out fast enough to meet that. And I think actually it's more that there's a very strong demand for exploits out in the market right now, which is why the price is high, and not so much that we've solved the security problem there for. It's like incredibly expensive, hard. And the other thing is that there's now open markets for sharing the costs of these exploits. So the reason why people can pay so much for them is not that there's a single person in the world who's willing to buy it for that much, is that once the person gets that exploit for a couple of million dollars, he can shop it around to like a dozen different governments and they'll buy it off of you, and you can really make your money back on these types of exploits. So exploits aren't really going away, which is why you're starting to see more and more people going to hardware to go ahead and split physically sensitive data out from where you have it in place where it could be exploited into separate tokens now. So there's a bunch of different names for them, like secure enclaves and mobile, trusted platform modules, secure elements, U2F2FA dongles, people are putting different pieces of hardware inside the machine or giving a second separate fob or a token to try and separate out things that you want to keep very secure. The problem is that even though you've taken your secret, your core secret and brought to separate enclave, is that the input and output is still insecure. So how many people here have a two-factor authentication token or something like that for banking or whatever, you've all had to go in and plug in another set of numbers in addition to your password to go ahead and clear a banking transaction, right? The problem is that there are attacks like Man in the Browser where you can go ahead and enter your username and your password, and then once you enter your token in, those things are go ahead and forward it unchanged inside the browser, go ahead and modify things like the amount of money you're trying to transfer or something like that or the target that it's going to.  That token itself has very limited IO value in itself. And so just to sort of dig into this a little more because this is sort of the foundation of why I'm interested in doing what I'm doing these days, is that if you look at this very abstract view of a phone, let's imagine this is your phone. You have a CPU, you have a screen, you have a keyboard, they're probably virtual, and you have a security enclave that has some keys on the inside. And then there's the internet, which is somewhere out there, which has hackers. We don't all wear hoodies, but apparently that's what the icon is these days. So you go ahead and you enter your data in and plain text. It goes to your CPU because you're a human, you read plain text. Sends it on to the security enclave. It comes back encrypted to the CPU. It goes to the internet. The hackers can't get it. Everyone's great. Data comes back from the internet. It's encrypted. It's verified by the secure enclave and it's plain text to your screen. Everything's great, right? So this is good. Now say your hacker gets into your CPU. It's getting into your secrets. Well, the good thing is it can't get to your keys, right? Your keys are in a separate enclave. It can't do anything. But the thing is that the hacker can still, for example, see what's on your screen. Can still log what's on your keyboard. So even though you can't get to your private keys, you can still get to your private matters at the end of the day. So a local attacker inside your device can go ahead and like, check your phone to show that you're in airplane mode when it's really not in airplane mode. Can go ahead and change what you see on your screen for your website. Even though your keyboard appears when you type your password, it shows a star, star, star, star, star. You know, it's actually in plain text. Like when people kind of freak out and they actually type their password on their screen. They're like, oh my God, my password is now visible to the world. It's like your password is exactly as visible to the computer. You know, if it was star, star, star, star, as if it was showing the characters on your screen. It's just the last little bit is showing you. Same thing for your screens and swipes and taps on the screen. And so even though, you know, your keys may be secure at the end of the day, what you do with the keys is not. So a key thing to remember is that private keys are not the same thing as your private matters. Even though your keys are safe, your secret chats may not be secret. And this has caused me to sort of stay up at night a little bit. You know, I'm much worried, such hack. And so my kind of proposed solution, so this is what I'm going to talk about now, sort of like where, and this is probably the reason I'm bringing up here is I want to sort of gather feedback and get ideas and make sure I'm not approaching this wrong way. It's a solution I call betrusted. And so the idea is to build a machine that's basically a secure enclave chip that's directly connected to a simple trustable screen and a real trustable keyboard. And what do I mean by a simple trustable screen?  I found, for example, an LCD screen that's a simple black and white memory LCD from Sharp. It has no silicon chips in the screen. Actually all the electronics are built into the glass of the screen. You hold it under a microscope and you look at it under 40 X zoom. You can actually see like the flip flops and the gates that compose the data that routes to the screen. So there's no silicon chips. There's no place to hide something that I don't know what's going between the secure enclave and the pixels that are going to my eyes. I can actually inspect it optically. When I say a trustable keyboard, I mean like a physical keyboard. A lot of people love virtual keyboards and things like that, but how do you know what you're tapping on where it's going? When you go ahead and build a physical keyboard, there's real wires. You get them, they go to the enclave. There's nothing in between. If you're really paired and you can look at an x-ray, make sure there's nothing going on. There's no silicon chips other than the silicon that you expect to be there. So the idea is to create a secure enclave that's connected as directly as possible to things that I as a human being can individually evaluate and determine what's going on and can relate to me human relevant stuff, not just cryptographic keys. And so the idea is then to create, you know, sort of split off your most important private matters and stick them into this enclave. And this is where things get a little bit tricky, but it's a balancing act between the human computer interface and complexity. So today's 2FA tokens and stuff like that, they're by far too sort of on the simplistic side of things. They have a very simple inflexible interface. It's all hardware. It's very hard to attack, a very minimal attack surface, but doesn't really do enough, I think, to secure things. On the other hand, you have web browsers, right, which are great. They're powerful, they're featureable, but basically, as far as I'm concerned, they're an intractable attack surface. People just keep on finding exploit after exploit and all the different features that get packed into these things. And so sort of right in the middle is where I want to sort of balance this device of just enough and no more with the secureable attack surface. And so focus is going to be very important, and this is where I'm trying to figure out, am I covering the primary use cases that really need to be covered? So at the moment, the straw man is to look at text-based chat, sort of like a signal-like text-only chat, but very importantly, it has Unicode support and multilingual IME. It's not everyone speaks English, right? Not everyone reads left to right. Not everyone uses the, you know, Latin characters. So it's going to have to meet some support for bitmaps. And this is even within the context of us here on Clive, this is a very, very large project, I think. And then on top of that, you know, not everyone in the world reads and writes, right? There's a lot of people who I think want security, who may be illiterate, or find it inconvenient to type on a phone, and so I think voice chat is also going to be an important thing to sort of incorporate into it. So asynchronous messaging, people seem to sort of talk, leave a message and they listen back and forth, like on WeChat style thing. It's going to be the minimum viable product. Real-time voice call could also be cool. Other people have been like, yeah, banking and cryptocurrency. I didn't see any reason why you couldn't do that sort of stuff on here that probably fits in the enclave, sort of inside my MVP. But for example, no browser, no games, no video, no social media, no app store, that all introduces too much of an attack surface to lock down. Importantly, be trusted as open software, as open hardware, and one thing that I think I'd like to sort of try to take on is open silicon, right? So try to enable a new level of transparency for finding and mitigating vulnerability. So as I talked about earlier, we have the issue of Spectre, right? And part of the reason why Spectre is so intractable is that all the CPUs that we rely upon are fully closed source. So even when people think that they've found a way to patch around their branching vulnerabilities, there's all this hidden machine state that you can't find. And so an attacker can go ahead and dig through the hidden machine state and leverage it to go ahead and make an exploit. So by sort of making the functional level transparent, hopefully we can find what these sort of exploits are. So what open silicon doesn't get you though, importantly though, is it doesn't prevent what's the time of check, the time of use exploit that exists in the supply chain. So you can go ahead and say we're going to build an open fab and check the mass and all sorts of stuff. Between you and that fab is like some customs inspectors, a courier, a distributor, wherever it is, those guys can go ahead and swap out your silicon. So a lot of people say we should build open fabs. I don't think that actually solves the trustable problem that we're looking to solve. And so really more the concept is to go to verifiable silicon. So to build the silicon with features that assist users to go ahead and verify it without having to have a scanning electron microscope. So the basic idea is to put features in there and where you fire a laser, like an optical laser, through a regular optical microscope into the chip which disturbs some of the transistors. It's going to disturb a large number. These are 40 nanometers. Those are really tiny compared to a photon. But you go ahead and you disturb a group of them and you read out the syndrome from what happened.  And you keep on scanning across the chip and say, okay, all the gates are where I expect them to be. This is a chip that I fabbed out. This is a chip that I expect to have and it's done in a non-destructive fashion. So you're going to have confidence that the chip that you have in your hand is actually the chip that you intended to be running your code. And so because be trusted encrypt solvers communications, you can go ahead and use it safely with your existing Wi-Fi hotspots. You don't have to build it into a phone. So I'm not looking to build a phone, right? I'm looking to build something that goes ahead and essentially uses a security modified SDA offers communications and can talk to any number of physical layers. Initially it's going to be Wi-Fi. And then, you know, finally the idea is to try to build this as a protected place for your private matters just so as to sort of make it a little more concrete. I have a kind of a tentative development plan where there's an alpha phase. We're spending a lot of time with an FPGA looking at what the hardware looks like, looking at the RTL, looking at the security primitives. It's not going to be what's called evil made resistance. So if someone gets to hold of the FPGA prototype physically they can still extract your keys, but the idea is to make it very strong for remote code exploits. And in parallel with that, sort of doing verification of the optical fault induction methods for the silicon probably takes a couple of years and maybe this is the sort of thing that you can crowdfund. But then when we go into sort of the ASIC-based system, so the one where we're actually spinning chips, it's another level of money that's required. So maybe partially crowdfundable, but probably looking for fundraising grants, but this would allow us to do something that's truly sort of really secure against evil made, has user verifiable silicon. And then by going to a full ASIC you can actually make it very thin and very small so it's not a burden for you to carry around. The idea is like this concept here is like about three and a half millimeters thick so you can sort of just stick it in the case of your phone on the backside of your phone and always have your secrets with you and not have to carry around a really big clunky extra device. So thanks everyone for sort of listening to this. Part of the reason I'm here today to tell you about this is I want to hear your feedback. This is just a proposal. Everything here is renderings. None of this exists. I have some little pieces of hardware where I'm testing circuits and stuff like that, but nothing has really come together. And I'm also looking for developers who are interested in potentially working on this. Thanks. Thanks for your time.


Welcome traders to today's session where we are going to be discussing the impact of the geopolitical events on futures markets. And we're also going to be looking at how we can utilize a unique trading tool provided by Bookmap to better inform our trading decisions. So let's get started. Now, when it comes to crude oil, about 100 countries produce crude oil. In 2025 countries produce 50% of the total world production. United States, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Canada. Now the top three United States, Russia, and Saudi Arabia are the only ones that can produce in double digits. So in other words, produce more than 10 million barrels a day. The United States in 2019 was close to 13 million barrels a day. Russia right now, I think is around 10 million and so is Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia does have some room to the upside, but we get conflicting results on this in terms of capacity, but we talk more about that later. Globally, the world consumes about 100 million barrels a day. If you can think about all the production the world does, I think of going into one gigantic barrel. And out of that gigantic barrel of oil, the United States consumes about 19 to 20 million barrels per day. That's been typical for the last few years for this, for that country, for our country here. US produces about 10 to 13 million barrels per day. The world's most actively traded commodity. The NYMEX division, by the way, that's a part of the CME group, the contract specs, it's a light, sweet crude oil futures contract. It's the world's most liquid form for crude oil trading. The world's largest volume futures contract trading on a futures on a physical commodity contract used as an international pricing benchmark. Light sweet crude are preferred by refiners and here's why, because if it's light, it has low paraffin. If it's sweet, it has low sulfur. If you have heavy sour, as we were talking about from Mexico, it takes extra steps because you have a lot more paraffin and you have a lot more sulfur. So you get higher yields if you have light sweet crude. So gasoline, diesel fuel, heating oil, your yields are higher if you have a light sweet crude and that's preferred by many refiners. But light sweet crude refiners cannot necessarily refine heavy sour crude because of extra steps that's in the process that they may not be set up for. Now let's talk about Russia, the invasion of Ukraine, the economic impact. The EU market for fossil fuel supplies most of Moscow's foreign income or at least it did. Crude oil at $70 a barrel just for your reference made Russia $120 billion and we're trading above that right now. So it is a key source of revenue for them. Oil to much of Europe is being cut as you know. Crude is instead flowing to Asia where India has become the top buyer followed by China. Moscow was selling crude at deep discounts at $30 to $35 a barrel. So if you're India, you got 1.4 billion people to take care of. You can buy crude oil at that discount. You have an existing relationship already. So for that to expand, not surprising, here's an example of that expansion. India imported 12 million barrels of Russian oil in 21 this year so far 60 million barrels. So they increased by five times just this year in terms of their input. So is Russia losing income stream to Europe? Yes. Is it changing? Yes. So we're seeing an example of that kind of behavior. India is a refining hub. They can send out refined products with strong margin now. Their profitability goes up in May some 30 Russian crude tankers went to India unloading 430,000 barrels per day versus 60,000 barrels per day in just January and March of this year. So we're seeing dramatic changes there. Sherlock bought 99,000 ton shipment from Russian crude and they only have one refinery to get that thing going. Turkey is another key destination for Russian crude. There's some pipelines here. We're going to take a look at Chinese state owned and independent refiners. They've also stepped up their purchases from Russia in 2021. China was a largest single buyer of Russian oil taking 1.6 million barrels per day on average equally divided between pipeline and seaborne routes. Now let's talk about that gas. That's another major issues. So who does Russia export gas to? Well, the primary customer in Europe is Germany. Then you can see here we got Italy, Belarus, Turkey, Netherlands, Hungary. Hungary pushed back on making any changes to that gas from Russia because it is critical for their economy. That attitude's changed a little bit. Orban's kind of rethought that, I think. But so this is where it typically flowed and just a couple of years ago. That is changing. And what is that economic impact? What has it done? And if anybody here is in Europe, one of the things you've seen is the increase in prices or maybe not seen but felt. What we were paying $6 for, $5 for, they were paying at that point in time in this year now over $60, 10 times more. And right now where we are, you know, that's four times. We're around $6, $7 was we're going to see. They're paying over $40. And Asia's right up there with them. So it really had a tremendous impact on the cost of not a whole variety of things. We're going to talk about what that is. One of them is right here. It's electricity. Look at these charts. You see vertical moves in each one of these for Germany, France, Italy, the cost of electricity is taken off. So many countries switched to net gas because it burns 60% cleaner than coal. The prices were cheap. And it was an economical thing to do. In the United States, we produce more electricity with natural gas than we do with coal now. And let's talk about how they move it. Because natural gas isn't something that's easy to move. Crude oil is far easier. You know, it is a gas. So to get it in a liquid form, you got to squeeze it, you got to put it under pressure to slow down the molecules. And then they get it very cold. And it transforms into a liquid. The things that you hear so much about, I just want to point out two things to you so that when you hear about them, you get an idea of what they're referring to. That's right up here. Nord Stream 2, we heard so much about that. They completed it from Russia to Germany. But it was not accepted by Germany. So that's empty. And here's Nord Stream 1, that tan line. That one was shut down on Monday for 10 days of maintenance. A lot of people are concerned, are they going to turn it back on? Remember, though, for them to leave it off, that's income to them as well. And so I don't know how aggressive they're going to be on that. But we'll see. Let's talk about another market. 16% of global corn exports, Ukraine supplies 60% of the corn to the EU. If you look at this chart of different countries, the green line is production. This is all based on percent. All right. So the green line shows percentage of world production of corn. And United States is one of the larger producers, as you can see there. And if you look at it, see China is really a biggie too. But you don't see any export. The blue line represents percentage of export. China consumes it all. They don't export it. But look at Brazil, look at Argentina, and look at our friends in Ukraine. Those four countries are critical for global supply when it comes to corn. The most common use of that corn is for animal feed. So it's for protein production, is where that comes into play. Now let's do this. Let's talk about another critical area before we finish up here. Russia is a major exporter of potash, aluminum, ammonia, urea, and other soil nutrients. Disrupted shipments of key fertilizer has a global impact. Russia and Belarus account for more than 40% of the global exports of potash last year. One of the three critical nutrients to boost crop yields. Russia accounted for key types of fertilizer, 22% of global exports of ammonia, 14% of urea, 14% of map. Brazil, the world's biggest soybean exporter, what they need imported fertilizers. And when you think about it, Russia and Belarus were the source of 50% of those shipments. So some people are saying, okay, there's problems in Europe, no problem. Farmers should just plant more. Well, do I plant more if I can't fertilizer and I can't get my return on that extra investment? That's what's being faced. Ukraine and Russia supply 75% of the global sunflower oil that represents 10% of all cooking oil. Indonesia, the world's largest palm oil export, I'll show you in a minute how these come into play, but they were planning on banning exports and they took the ban off. Indonesia accounts for half of the world's supply of palm oil, the most widely used vegetable oil. It's used for cooking and production of all kinds of products. Palm oil is competing with soybean oil prices. I'll show you that in a bit. The ban was designed to bring down domestic palm oil prices because they're trying to deal with inflation, but they've opened the door a bit and we'll see the result of that when I show you that. But crops like sunflower and corn, they're planted in the spring, but who's going to plant them in the Ukraine? If you look at the south region of Ukraine and the western region, there are some farmers out there. They're also farming around big craters in their fields from Russian ammunitions, but if you look at this, who's going to do it? You've got the draft going on, you've got mine farms, the invasion itself, shortage of fuel and fertilizer. So it's end transportation challenges and we haven't felt the impact economically of this yet, of these areas. Russia's second largest supplier of platinum. Ukraine supplies more than 90% of a semiconductor grade neon gas used in lasers in the U.S. semiconductor chip manufacturing. We think we had a problem before with semiconductor chips and not being able to get cars produced and other items. Well, we haven't totally felt this either. Russia supplies 35% of the platinum also for chips. Large impact on the European car manufacturing, Volkswagen, BMW, closed assembly lines in Germany because there's a shortage of wiring harnesses that are manufactured in Ukraine. The entire manufacturer, Michelin, also announced that it's going to close European plants because of the logistics of this invasion. Last thing I want to show you here, look at this breakdown of items that come into play here. You look at palladium and platinum, those are used to produce catalytic converters. So where is that going to be coming from? We can start feeling the pinch in that regard. And we've talked about these other areas, but I want to point that out that I think the impact, economic impact as we get through harvest, as we still have to deal with these transportation logistics, we're going to see continuing impacting the market. And let's do this. Let's look, well, let's do, let's finish this I guess. I'm going to tell you something about where does Russia fit in? It's 11th the largest economy in the world. It's 1.7% of the global economy. It's GDP is around 1.5 trillion, slightly smaller than the state of Texas. Ukraine's economy is about the size of Nevada's economy, and it's 33rd in the United States. Prior to the invasion of Ukraine, total value of the Russian stock market, which was really coming back $251 billion, and that's about equal to the market cap of Paxico and 2020, 36.5 of all Russian imports and 37.9 of exports were with the EU. So it's not just crude oil and that gas. Bruce, I'm going to turn this over to you to have you share with us the interesting things that's going on with book map. All right. Well, first off, you know, for a lot of traders when they look at book map here, they're very confused. And there's a lot of information on the chart here. It makes sense. I understand that. It looks very complex. It's actually not complex. It's quite the opposite. I'm just going to give a quick overview so everybody understands what they're looking at here. This is going to show you the other side of the trade. Who's on the other side? It's from the order book. So if we look at the current market right here, everything to the right of the vertical white line here is current best bid and offer, last traded volume, our price ladder, and the COB column stands for current order book. So what you're looking at here is the amount of contracts. These are limit sell orders above the market and limit buy orders down below. You have the numerical values in a histogram in here. If we zoom in a little bit, I'll show you. And so you can see the liquidity. This is the auction here right now. And we can see that they're always adding and pulling liquidity from the market. And this is where you find your buyers and sellers. All we're doing in book map is taking that liquidity and transforming it graphically. So areas of high liquidity, 62 contracts or 96 down here is this color. It's this red orange. You can see the heat map up here, the scale of the heat map, red and orange is very high liquidity, then yellow, then white and then blue and then black is the least amount. So all we're doing is taking it and plotting it onto the chart. But we record it. And we plot it onto the charts historically. So what looks to be really complex with all these different colors and lines is very, very simple. It is the adding and pulling of liquidity. And that's all it is. So if we zoom out and look at the higher timeframe picture here, I've got data back to about 6 a.m. East Coast time. We can take a look at this context. So here's the market as it's coming down toward this area of high liquidity at 05. And it traded into it right here. You can see the transactions taking place right into it. And then it traded through it in a big way. And pretty catastrophic break there. And it continued on down and tested parity here. So interesting move into that. And we know, as you can see in the heat map here, see how it's getting kind of red in here. And see how that they're kind of bidding in front of this area. This is context. This is showing that, yeah, they're eager buyers in front of that area. They're starting to front run. And we can understand that behavior. You can also see that buyers started to add in a little bit lower here. They're probably looking for a price to test through it, get filled at a really great price, and then have it test back and maybe through the dollar value here. So anyway, that's what unfolded here in the market. We can see precisely the behavior here. These guys meant to trade. And they're still here in the current market. These guys up here at 02, well, they started to come in not too long ago. As the market is coming down, they started to show interest at a higher level here. This is the context. This is where the buyers want to deal. And I will see if they actually deal when price comes down like here and trades into it. And this is what we want to understand. And this is how you can now look into and see what's going on within the candlesticks. In fact, we can dim the heat map a little bit here. And we can look a little bit more closely at the candlesticks and the volume and the liquidity. So here's our move to the downside. And as Dan pointed out, the buying pressure. So this candle closed to the downside here, but we found some buyers. And then off of this low here, we start to find more buyers. And then we break through. Now, this level is not really seeing too much in the candles. This is in our candlestick chart. But we can see that this hour here closed at this kind of swing and kind of equal low from the previous hour. And then the break through. Now look at the breakout. And now it's returning precisely to the area where it broke out from. So some pretty interesting stuff here. Now on your candlestick, this is looking pretty good to continue lower. Why? Because look at the, and this is not a trade recommendation. We're just reading the order flow. Here's why. Well, look at the sellers come in. And we just broke below the swing here. Now we want to see that selling pressure continue. So let's zoom in here a little bit closer. And let's read the order flow. Let's turn the heat map back up a bit. And this is good. We see that there's more sellers now at a lower level. Did we find the sellers down here? Not really. Nice selling in here. And it's starting to kind of wane now. Well, maybe we'll get a retest back up here. Back up into this little kind of zone or area right here at 475. Maybe back up to 525. And so look at the liquidity just coming into the market right now. Interesting move there or interesting phenomena. A lot of people just jumping in and interested in dealing here. So now let's take a look at that. So we have kind of equal buyers and sellers on either side here. So it's kind of convoluting the picture a little bit here. We want to read now the context though of this liquidity that came in. So how did the market react to it? Do we find buyers or sellers here? And we haven't really found much yet. Now we're starting to find a little bit of a selling here. Okay, all right, sellers then. Let's see if you can drop it down to 03 here or maybe 250 or 200 down here. So we're just looking at what's inside this candle and this big move to the downside here on the hourly candlestick chart and below the swing here. We need to see sellers below the swing for continuation and to move away from these previous areas in here. And that's what we're reading in here and trying to read. If we don't get that, we're looking for the retest back here to this liquidity. So you can really start to see what's inside some of the candlesticks and then start to target some of these areas as well. Just a quick question from Howard, looking for some clarification with respect to what the red and blue lines below me, I think you explained at the start. Yeah, this isn't part of Bookmap. This is an add-on. I'm showing it just because it is a pretty powerful and insightful thing that the CME offers market by order data. This is something unique. They've had it for about I think over five years now, but no one's really taken too much advantage of it until the last few years. It's showing the positioning queue. You can look it up on the CME website and we'll show you precisely like right now if we look at this S&P E-mini and we look in here with the current order book. These are the number of contracts here, but we don't know how many orders are in here. So like actually down here we actually do and this is pretty insightful too. Let me show you this. These three areas of high liquidity here. Well, this little white line here is indicating that one larger player is holding between a third and half of the liquidity at this price level. It's most likely the same player because he's got it on three different levels here. This price level at $46.25, $46.45, and $3.25. The white line is equal, likely the same player. So that's basically what the MBO was, the way that the CME advertises it. However, we're able to extrapolate from that data and the way that the orders come in, we can start to read where people are getting stopped out as well as where there's hidden orders not in the order book. They're icebergs and that's the whole concept of iceberg. It's a larger player, doesn't want to show his hand like this guy right here, so doesn't want to scare price away. So he wants to get filled without showing how much liquidity he has. So that's what the sub chart is showing here. We also have an on chart, but I turned it off. Okay, another question. Will Bookmark show resting stop losses for the E-mini futures? I think you covered that before with the icebergs and that's an additional one. Well, yeah, we don't know where stops are resting, but we know when they transact. But yeah, in fact, let me turn on the on chart indicator here for stops and icebergs. And you can take a look at some of the details in here. I'm fascinated by it, to be honest, and it never gets tiresome. So here was a stop run of 134 contracts up here. This is what it looks like. This is what happens in the market. And we're just, this is the beauty of what I think Bookmark is displaying, is simply displaying what unfolded. It doesn't, it's giving you the truth of what's behind some of these moves. So this is aggressor behavior in here, lifting the offer. And we're looking at microseconds in here. So this move here, it looks like it might be something that lost data or something. It is not, it is basically a one event, an atomic event that took place and unfolded. And then best bid and offer update after that. So you have a kind of a chain of events that happen when you get down into these sub second levels. So here buyer came in, they could have been squeezed out. We don't know. But we know that there was a lot of buying in here. Along the way, in this big move to the upside here, stops are triggered. But this one player has not, his order has not gotten filled yet. His order is basically filled up here. And this red line in here is showing when stops are now starting to transact. Okay, so along the way, as this one event unfolded, stops are triggered. And we don't know where exactly, but we know when they're transacting. And when you get slipped and your stop gets slipped, this is exactly what's happening. So you can see precisely where the stops start to transact. And they actually lift the market a tick or two in here as well. One tick. Bruce, we've got some interest in taking a look. I don't know if you've got yesterday's data on the heat map for the drop that we saw in the ES or the NQ. I do. I hear it is. And this is very typical. Another thing, just the insights that you can ascertain here from order flow. As this is moving lower, these clusters of selling at lower lows into high liquidity. And then you can see how the market bounces out of those areas, retests some of these areas. And look on the other side here. Where's the liquidity? There's not a whole lot. This is very typical in a downtrend. You'll see this all the time. It's more clusters at the lower lows and very little buying at these swings here that is basically exhausting now. It's just not finding buyers. That's when you can start to look at your candles and your wicks, et cetera, starting to understand that, wow, okay, well, we're not getting a whole lot. If we get some sellers below this area here, look for a break. And look again, we're retested here right to where it broke from. So there's a lot of things that you can piece together that trap traders comes back here and like, oh, boy, yeah, I'll sell. No problem. Whatever the case may be, it's here in the order flow. You really can't escape it. Does Bookmap offer the facility for traders to get that data? It does. Excellent. Yes. You can subscribe to some data feeds for stocks, as well as, I think, up to 21 different cryptocurrency exchanges that we connect to. Just go to bookmap.com and Connectivity section. You'll see. There are many different exchanges that we connect to. Bit different there. The data is free. You're connecting directly to the exchange, not a data provider or ECM. But with the futures market here, for example, I'm connecting to Rhythmic right now, you can connect to CQG and a host of others as well. We connect to many for futures as well. Let's take a look at what happened to our euro dollar here. So it accepted lower and we've left off seeing these buyers come in and they were able to, as you can see here, lift the market from this consolidation period here and the buying here that we saw come in. And we haven't come back there yet. So all it did was it was test up and we were kind of looking for that test up in this liquidity up here. There's 450 to 470 area here, which has already tested. Now our question is kind of reassess the value here of this instrument. Once again, we've tested up here. Are we finding more buyers? Well, then where's the next area? Well, high liquidity and also market structure, maybe up here at 560 and something like that. Bruce, Ingo asks, could you please do a brief intro into the order column? Okay, so this one, the current order book? Yeah, sure. This is basically your dome. We actually have another add-on product that is actually part of one of the subscriptions, the Bookmap Global Plus subscription. And we have a DOM that you can access your very professional level DOM here. So I can show you that as well. It's up to you. You can create a configuration here in the columns or you can access this product here and trade right from the DOM if you prefer that. So this is obviously, it's a separate window here. So you can, we have the flexibility to take a look at that as well. How you can visualize spoofing? You know, the Euro dollar is actually pretty interesting one because this is so heavily kind of hedged. You can see the larger players in here at each price level. And, you know, you can kind of start to understand that, well, this is likely some of the same players in here, the moment that they pull out of these three different price levels, you know, they're kind of adding and pulling in here. And we can start to also, when we zoom in, you can start to find a better example. Start to piece together like, you know, them pulling from some players pulling from one side and adding to the other, etc. Like right in here, this liquidity was pulled because it went from first off from high liquidity. And we can get the number here 49 contracts down to 40 down to this color here, which is 35. Well, they kind of added here on the other side and pulled from here and potentially added over here that went from 21 to 26 to 35. And you'll see this behavior again and again and again, like in these areas in here, maybe adding here pulling down here, etc. So you can really start to look at the nuances of the activity of the intention of traders. Do they want to trade at these levels or not? Here you can see that they wanted to trade. They provided that liquidity and here the transaction is taking place right into that liquidity. So these guys got what they wanted. They wanted to be buyers here and they bought. Sellers traded into them and the transaction took place. This is a buy sweep. We do have a sweeps indicator that will also show these areas on the chart. And we also have an absorption indicator as well. Those are all part of the Global Plus subscription package, all these kind of add-on indicators. Do bookmark provide training videos for the service? Oh, yeah. We have hundreds of videos, basically, but some of them are more kind of onboarding of kind of going through some of these elements, how to read them, and then all the different features and components. And we also have daily webinars that go through reading the live market border flow. It was great to be here with everyone today. I hope you've gotten a few ideas from Discuss that may give you some insights. In the meantime, I wish everyone much success with their trading. Thank you, Dan. Thank you very much. And thank you, Patrick. Now, a pleasure. And I, too, look forward to crossing paths again in the future.


Monsters, Sensational Signatures Green, Scotty Barnes, three out of eight. Just kidding, Trevor Law. Oh my gosh. My favorite part of that was. Wow. Not a rookie. Just kidding. Premier level. Did you call Premier? Ooh, what is that? Ooh. I think we have a big card coming here. We do. Three of five Mariners. Rookie. Red Refractor Auto. Julio Rodriguez. Awesome. Hit Seattle. One of one. Wonder Franco Laundry Tag. Boo hoo. Holy cow. Niners. Brock Purdy. Dirty Purdy, 30 out of 50. Rookie Auto. Angels, Zack Neto to 25. Congrats Angels. Crouched it. We have. Oh my gosh. Ichiro Matsui and Shohei Otani. Yankees. One of one. Super Fracture First Bowman. Roderick Arias. Laundry Tag Horizontal RPA. Let's go. That's so nasty.


We expect lots of swearing. Perhaps hitting. Yeah, hopefully. I mean, we're excited. We're really excited, yeah. It's good to be here.


Rich, I think that burden was exactly right where the union is right now is kind of just in front of it.


Oh, I just dropped a wrench in the water right in the ocean. It's not very deep though Okay, it's right down there and here. I've got a little bag of magnets Which is a good thing to have The thing was not a ratcheting wrench, so it's easy to clean off. All right, let's try that again Getting this cover off. Oh beauty. Okay. We look right here There are two edges that can get away in the way of the paddles This one has a pretty decent amount of clearance. I could add a bit of space I might trim this one a little bit that one down there That's pretty tight so I want to trim off some of this Maybe a bit of this I don't know this part might be all right, but yeah, I definitely want to trim off some of that and then the same under there So I guess this is an angle grinder job try to keep this Fiberglass dust to a minimum but angle grinding fiberglass is always a mess All right Okay, I've got a sawsall And a spark saw Otherwise known as an angle grinder my my son calls this a spark saw one day He was saying something about my spark saw and I'm like, what are you talking? What are you talking about? He's like this thing. There's like, oh That is a spark saw Because cuts things and makes sparks much better name than angle grinder. Okay. Well with sparks. That's totally a spark saw All right, let's get the spark saw going except it's not going to make spark. All right. I Spark sawed a line across I just need to oh, I need a longer. Oh, whatever. Let's just okay. Now. We've definitely got some extra space there here About the same amount there. All right Can add like an inch two and a half centimeters to this this way. Oops this way and Go far out that way So I guess I need to measure And find something that fits there I think I'm just gonna rivet it on because I don't feel like fiberglass thing. All right imperial noodle units We got here 30 centimeters one foot And I think this can accommodate that too. Yeah Leave me a bit of leeway. All right And then I don't know this way 10 15 centimeters. Oh, you know what? I think I can cannibalize this thing a little more. Yeah should be able to get all four Paddles out of that Okay, paddly parts. I think those should be pretty good Yeah about like that You have to rivet them on pretty good because it's gonna be a Decent amount of pressure on these things Maybe like five rivets each or something. That looks pretty good. I use some rivet washers which are actually just Leftover rivet pieces from ones. I've drilled out in the past. I never actually buy rivet washers Check this fits. Oh, that's got a lot more A lot more push than the other ones. All right, looks like it makes it all the way around without hitting anything Wow, that is a significant difference In the amount of force that takes to move that one. Okay, which is you know, what I was hoping for Keep going All right, four new paddly things on there and oh What are the chances this is gonna fit and not be in the way that would be amazing There isn't even any water coming through this space I think I don't have to do that Seriously gonna get away with that really that's awesome All right, I think all I need to do then Just put a screw here and a screw there Put the screw up from the bottom put a nut here a little spacer and then put the nut on top beauty oh That's excellent Two more stuff put something blocking there in the future if I want spacers I use my spark side. I've got some little pieces off of pipe So I can put those both. I better make shoes actually fit, right? I can put them up from under Put the spacer with the other piece. Hopefully that'll all fit. I'm not sure if that's gonna all fit Might need longer bolts. I might get red card for excessive use of washers there. There's four washers in each spot 16 However Electronics, so I was gonna leave it nothing urgent.  Good enough there for whatever. It's functional right now. Okay. I think the pedals are good now Before when I was pedaling it was just super easy. It felt like it was basically doing nothing So now when I pedal it actually feels like it's getting some grip on the water So that's good. It is a little too splashy However, I'm also not moving so it's gonna splash more. So I'll have to test how the splashiness is when I'm actually going But whatever even with a bit too much splash they should function not gonna test it right now because it's I don't know Later in the afternoon I'll do it tomorrow or something I have other stuff to do right now. What do I have to do now? You gotta think about