Welcome to Antion Nightly, I'm Hermione Mark, this edition's top stories. Saint Lucians are urged to enjoy the Easter celebration safely by adhering to COVID-19 protocols. The first shipment of the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine from the Covax facility to arrive here by next week. And the Government of Taiwan donates more PPEs to frontliners. The celebration of Easter this year is scaled down, like many other events and activities the world over due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Government of Saint Lucians on the advice of the Chief Medical Officer announced adjustments to the curfew hours in order to limit movement and ultimately the spread of the coronavirus. CMO Dr. Sharon Belmont George says despite the difficulties in the past year, we must remain focused on what is truly important – health, family and life. The public has reminded that although the Ministry of Health notes the flattening of this third wave, we still have over 100 active cases in country. We would like to alert the public that mass crowd activities and open socialization is not recommended nor approved at this time in our management of the pandemic. We are still at high risk at this point. The public health team is working to reduce the cases to less than 50 to enable safe opening up of activities. We ask the public to work with us and continue to be patient. The premature social activity will lead to an upsurge of cases given the exponential transmission typical of this virus. As such, everyone is reminded that we need to continue adhering to the infection prevention and control measures that are proven to reduce transmission of the COVID-19 virus and keep us safe. While the CMO notes that Easter is traditionally a time for family activities and socialization, she is urging St. Lucien to make responsible decisions to keep safe. We ask the public to celebrate the long weekend responsibly. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption. Avoid driving under the influence. Drive within the speed limits and manage conflicts safely, especially since we note the increases in violent crime over the last few days. If accessing the beach, do so with caution and monitor young children closely. The Easter weekend is noted for drownings and near-drowning events. Chief Medical Officer Dr. Sharon Belmar George Main time, the Royal St. Lucia Police Force is reminding the public of their protocols for the Easter weekend. During an update on NTN, Superintendent of Police Dr. Mashama Silly informed that mass crowds or large gatherings are not allowed. Family gatherings are allowed but are limited to 10 family members of the same household. River limes and beach limes are not allowed. And so we are seeking the cooperation also of all bar owners to comply with the grab-and-go protocol. Our protocols were put in place for our safety and we cannot do this alone. We are all negatively impacted by the few who refuse to comply. We must remember that this is a highly contagious disease and so we solicit the cooperation of everyone. For the Easter weekend, kindly be reminded that the curfew hours are as follows. Sunday 1st April to Friday 2nd April from 7pm to 4am. Saturday 3rd April 2021 from 6pm to 4am. Sunday 4th April to Monday 5th April the curfew hours are 3pm to 4am. Commissioner of Police Milton Daisy has cautioned the public against breaching the protocols. Commissioner Daisy says the FOSS has pulled its resources to strengthen its numbers for the weekend. We are urging persons to be considerate, do not venture into activities that are not approved. You know what activities that you are permitted to do. If it was red, you could have a house, a house gathering with at least 10 persons being family members. So that is all the patting that is permitted. We see in other islands their protocols. We have some islands that the beaches are closed over the weekend. We see some that have a total two-day shutdown but we do not have that. Persons are still free to move around but there are certain activities that persons have to desist from participating in or hosting. There are some flyers going around about a breakfast party and so on. These things will not be permitted so of the but don't try it. It will not be permitted to happen. We, our intel have received information as to where these things will be taking place so we will take the necessary action to ensure that these things don't go ahead. Commissioner of Police Milton Daisy. St. Lucia expects the first shipment of 24,000 doses of the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine from the COVAX facility between April 5th and 6th 2021. These doses will be used to commence Phase 2 of the national vaccination campaign. The ministry will also administer the second doses of the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine to individuals who were inoculated in Phase 1. Assistant Principal Nursing Officer and Immunization Manager Tekla Shabatis says the ministry has adjusted the date for administering the second doses due to advice from the World Health Organization. Initially, St. Lucia had decided on a six-week interval for receiving the second vaccine dose. However, the World Health Organization, in its last release on March 16th 2021, noted that a wider second dose interval of 8 to 12 weeks is recommended. This revision was done as it has been proven that this wider window increases the effectiveness of the vaccine as it provides increased protection from the virus to individuals who are vaccinated within this updated schedule. Considering this update, the Ministry of Health took the decision to reschedule the second dose appointment to 8 weeks for people who were initially given the six-week appointment after the first dose. The Ministry of Health will be informing these individuals of the new date of the second COVID-19 vaccine dose by way of a phone call or through the management of their organizations. Like any other vaccine or medication, there are common side effects associated with these products, which some people may experience. For the COVID-19 vaccine, these side effects are generally mild to moderate. When they do occur, they tend to last about 24 to 48 hours after receiving the vaccine. Common reported side effects include tenderness, pain, warmth and or swelling at the injection site, fever, chills, fatigue, headache, nausea, muscle ache and body pains. There have been few reports of rash, itching, dizziness, sweating and abdominal pains. The Ministry of Health is encouraging people who experience side effects associated with the vaccine to report this to the healthcare provider. This is part of the monitoring and evaluation process of the COVID-19 vaccination program. To date, there is no evidence of death caused by the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine globally, not in St. Lucia by the Ministry of Health. The vaccine has been manufactured in keeping with the strictest safety requirements from the stage of manufacturing to the administering of the vaccine to individuals and the monitoring which follows vaccination. The COVID-19 vaccine is safe, it is free and is being made accessible to all over the age of 18 years. Assistant Principal Nursing Officer and Immunization Manager, Tecla Jabaptis. It was a joyous and momentous occasion for the ONKU Hospital and the respiratory hospital VH as they celebrated their first-year anniversary since transitioning. Mind this report from Funnel Neptune. The ONKU Hospital and the Victoria Hospital VH recently held appreciation ceremonies to acknowledge the hard work done by the staff during the year since the transition. Minister for Health and Wellness, Senator the Honourable Mary Isaac, recounts the emotional day last year when the Victoria Hospital transitioned into the ONKU Hospital. Doctors and nurses, firemen and women, police and all hospital workers well-coordinated got on the move and stayed on task till the end. With the departure of each ambulance load, staff waited with bated breath, praying for a safe delivery to the other hospital and return for more patients. At the end of it all, it can be written in our history that the move was well-coordinated, flawless and a great success. Prime Minister of St. Lucia, the Honourable Alan Sharsney, expressed heartfelt gratitude to the hard-working staff of the two institutions for remaining committed despite the challenges they continue to be faced with. What you were trying to do was impossible. Every single day coming to work and recognizing that what was needed and what you had was far away. But yet, you came to work and yet, the persons who were here, the patients, never knew what you were having to go through behind the scenes. That is what gave me strength. Acting Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Health, Benson Emel says, although it is a time to celebrate, it is also a time to focus on the next phase as it relates to the growth of the institutions. But we can come here today to celebrate our survival and we can come here to commit to framing and developing, informing this institution and the respiratory institution, to bring it and escalate it to the highest standard, one that is delivering care and looking after the well-being of St. Lucia. The first anniversary celebrations were held under the theme, transition we have, continued with health and safety will. Reporting from the Communications Unit of the Ministry of Health and Wellness, I am Phenoleptu. Mr. Tan, his Excellency Peter Chen, presents at the supplies to the Department of Health and Wellness during a small handing over ceremony. I am handing over 1,000 protective suits, 5,000 barrier guns and 100,000 surgical masks to help citizens in Fair Helen better protect themselves and continue her fight against the pandemic. The supplies were received by the Minister with Responsibility for Health, Senator Hon. Mary Isaac. She expressed deep gratitude to the Taiwanese government for making the shipment and logistics possible. The permanent secretary in the Department of Health and Wellness, Benson Emile, says St. Lucia and Taiwan has a long-standing relationship and their support to the development of the country is reflected in the development of the country. This has been reflected across various sectors. Emile says the government of Taiwan has proven to be a partner in the delivery of healthcare in St. Lucia. The proceeds of the St. Lucia Tourism Authority's UK Gala and Charity Auction event in 2019 have been donated to the Boys Training Center, BTC. The total sum, $26,000 and $34.41, was presented to the Juvenile Rehabilitation Center on 1 April 2021. Dureen George is the SLTA Public Relations Manager. The Boys Training Center particularly was chosen. We're neighbors, if I should say that. Our offices are in close proximity and we value the work that the Boys Training Center does, especially with the young men, in rehabilitating them. And so annually the St. Lucia Tourism Authority seeks out a charity that it can work within that regard and we really want to thank our travel and tourism partners who donated to this cause. BCC Director Juan Sonson accepted the check on behalf of the institution. On behalf of the Boys Training Center, the wards and the staff, I'd like to thank the St. Lucia Tourism Authority for this kind gesture. I'd like to thank them for recognizing the efforts that we put into rehabilitation of the boys who come to the center. It's only fitting that this check is coming from the St. Lucia Tourism Authority because of the fact that our aim is to stay these young men from a life of crime, which inevitably, if we fail, might impact negatively on our tourism product. So on behalf of the boys, I would like the St. Lucia Tourism Authority to know that this donation will go a long way towards the ultimate rehabilitation programs that will benefit and impact the lives of our boys in a positive way. The Boys Training Center provides general residential as well as specialized treatment services for juvenile offenders and juveniles in need of care and protection between the ages of 10 and 18 years old. This is NTN Nightly. Up next, Primus Hutchinson with the NTN novella Quiole. Welcome back. We join Primus Hutchinson for the NTN novella Quiole. To celebrate all the hard work that has been done by the workers in the past year after the operation that was launched in Victoria for the Owen King Hospital, I would like to thank Mary Isaac for his valuable memory of the operation that has been carried out by the Owen King Hospital. Minister Isaac Changer Manier, it was a moment that twisted the doctors, nurses and the police and all the workers who worked so hard to finish the work. Minister Isaac Changer Manier, the workers who worked so hard to help those who were sick in Victoria for the Owen King Hospital, Minister Isaac Changer Manier, it was a moment that twisted the doctors, nurses and the police and all the workers who worked so hard to finish the work. It was a moment that twisted the doctors, nurses and the police and all the workers who were sick in Victoria for the Owen King Hospital. Prime Minister Onwab Allen Chasne also appreciable for all the workers who worked so hard to finish the work and to continue the chain commitment, and for all those who were sick in Victoria for the Owen King Hospital. Prime Minister Chasne declared that if the doctors, nurses and the police had a low appreciation for the work that was done, it would be impossible for the workers to continue to work and to appreciate the people who worked so hard to finish the work and to appreciate the people who worked so hard to finish the work. Prime Minister Onwab Allen Chasne also appreciable for all the workers who worked so hard to finish the work and to appreciate the people who worked so hard to finish the work and to appreciate the people who worked so hard to finish the work. Prime Minister Onwab Allen Chasne also appreciated the work done and I think it was a very important job, So, we are going to go on an improvement for the services here. So, today, we are in the OKU. We can prepare for that. We are in the OKU, but for COVID, we have to do it quickly so that we can have a good victory hospital so that we can put those people who are sick from COVID. So, we had a great celebration last year, we had a victory hospital and then we went to the OKU with the staff that we appreciate, we appreciate the effort. We have a lot of people who are sick, we have a lot of people who are sick. We have a certificate, we have a joint archive from corporate sponsors. We have a lot of corporate sponsors. So, we thank these corporate sponsors who do what they can with their work. We appreciate that. We appreciate the ceremony in Shai. So, I would like to thank everyone who helped us move to the victory hospital and then go to the OKU. We thank everyone who helped us always. We have a lot of people who are sick from COVID. Many institutions who are in the emergency situation because of drug abuse, very concerned, and these young people who are sick, who are engaged in drug abuse. Coordinators who provide advice against drug abuse, Charmin and Hipilly T-Manuel who have made public lessons that the legislation is in place to govern and address the situation. I would like to explain to you that my mother is not supposed to go to school by Monday. Because Monday is not supposed to go to school by Monday. Well, I don't know if it's because of the coffee. Maybe Monday I said, oh, it's not for me, it's because of the coffee. I don't know if it's because of the coffee. But I don't know if it's because of the coffee. I don't know if it's because of the violence involved in human services and police. I don't know if it's because of the women who are involved in the police. So, it's because of women who have practiced the police.  Menu nukai kopon lani loa pu suif evet mun ki ni, lisens pu aida retail embe gasaus embe restaurant embe bagail kon sa, pun ni pu puin wesponsabilite, uni pu suif sa yodio pu fe. Mademois Manuel, ka fe publik la kopon ki, lani loa emplas pu goveni tut sa ki ka fet expwesma pu mun ki ki ni kabawe restaurant e klot kon sa. So, nukai kopon lani loa kaji de tut bagail evet nuni pu protekte ichnu nuni pu protekte konu evet mun ki ni, lisens pu, van evet engager a dide em bagail kon sa, pun wesponsabilite usi. Ake msr. mademois, sa si kote noa tua bute novella, makai msr. otin pu ka gade mun ke bawein evet asio, pu jene pi mo ako, si diya ko se ve la vi lengai presa to alot novella ko yol. Ti mun se fete tut mun a bon fet pak, ek se mo e forsef, i ne se se, pu sa obei tut se ko fyo ake plas, pu presa ve la vo, ek la ve la famo wo si, ek ka komo e di, nukai vie jona ko lengai vie presa to alot novella ko yol. Messi appeal primers. That brings us to the end of NTN Nightly. Join us next time at 7pm with a repeat at 7am. You could also catch up with us any time on the Saint-Touchard Government Facebook page or YouTube channel. I'm Humedy Moog.


Almost time for the bell, how many options will you sell? Fire up your platform, get ready to enter But first let's get the mindset centered Let's trade and have success Find what works for you and forget the rest Stats and probabilities is what we're about Time to dismiss greed and doubt Focus on the process, not the money And the profits will flow like honey Let's start the show, come on trade hackers Get ready to options, time to make bank Get locked and loaded, then be ready to plank What's up everyone, welcome to Power Hour Live Wednesday, January 3rd Hope all is well Got a little shake and bake going on Once the FOMC minutes came out S&P at 47.22 Down 23 NASDAQ down 123 Russell down 36 Down almost full 2% Dow down 148 Gold and silver, both in the red Notes and bonds slightly green Oil up 3.5% and add a gas up 3.5% A little mix in the grains, Euro and the pound Mixed And Bitcoin off 5% after a big update yesterday Gave it all back Looks like we may get five wide For trunch one, so yeah I'll be going Full normal position size My zero DTE bots were very active today So I had a, my overnight iron condor Closed out at basically a scratch My JSP's got smoked in that initial Down move My AM ratio 70 minute trade Small loss It's a test trade My AM ratio Wednesday Half of it, or no, yeah Got out of all of it at 50% DKS hit 40% My 945 trade hit 40% And then the other profit target to 80% But I was just lightening up positions To make room for some quiet lunch that came in So hit 40% on quiet lunch The early version And then again I lightened up Because I was taking the other quiet lunch Which also hit 40% Then my PM iron condor got smoked And I still have on my one DTE iron condor Which is up 27% and my other half of my quiet lunch Is up 43% And I'll let that one ride hopefully hit 80% So all in all going into power Hour up about 3500 It qualified According to my bot Gapped down was only 0.37 I don't know what the move down was When it entered but it looks like it Been less than 0.5 So my trunch won will start coming in At about 56 By the way do you guys hear any background noise? I've mentioned this before But they're redoing all the balconies In my office here So it sounds like there's a jackhammer on cement Right above me But if you guys can't hear it that's good I have to put headphones on So I can just hear myself think As long as it's not coming through on the mic That's good We've had a few days in a row Of red Keep getting a little bouncy Bouncy action After the initial downturn Looks like it should be five wide Yeah it's been going on for months tomorrow And The balcony right outside mine Isn't scheduled to happen until next summer So It's a big building Big project So my trunch won will start trying to enter here in one minute Now it looks like it may be a straddle Right at a strike it will probably be a straddle If it's in between it might get five wide I tweaked my MRP I tweaked mine to 57 On normal days I think I mentioned it in my trade update It's on the backtest as well on the links Filled on the five wide 25s and 20s At seven even $7 Now in fields that's just when Jerome Powell speaks and they do the actual FOMC Rate Release These are just the minutes from the last meeting But sometimes the wording in the minutes Causes a little A little price action But I don't do anything different around Minutes Just the actual press conference Alright so what else did I do today I took off A time fly Looked a quick profit from the one I put on yesterday Still have this January 5 That's getting caught in this little Drup I was hoping we were going to Get out of this little valley To the downside but then it bounced I wanted to take it off tomorrow regardless Hopefully we can get a 50 point move in one direction Preferably lower VIX is at 1356 Was as high as 1422 This morning Yeah exactly I was looking at that yesterday too Did not do my Wednesday 25 DTE double calendar today or BNB Just wait till Kicking back up my calendar spreads on Friday Or next week I did take that 2-3 DTE Yesterday that's up a few percent Yep I'll start back up full force on Friday Just wanted to get through this last Shortened holiday week Hit my profit target on my one DTE Yesterday at 45% After that big move up after the market on close And then My current one today is at 32% I will adjust my stop on trunch one Price gets down to 420 My overnight Iron condor just got filled 1025 So that would be this one here Sharing a strike here so it would be this Yeah So my overnight I see The shorts are 4695 And 4745 This PX Pulling down a little bit Down to 4715 Roadie yesterday The one I put on yesterday that closed this morning Got up for a scratch Plus 25 bucks Right just so you can DM each This PX down to 4715 I have Two accounts trading naked I've got a portfolio margin and I've got a Standard margin account One's in the Name of an entity My standard margin is in the name of an entity About six minutes until Trunch number two See my one DTE's Got the 4747 40 Stabilization Trunch one definitely needs a bounce Eli it's got a it does put in the limit Mortar For the profit target But the stop is Hell Not on toss PX getting a little red I stopped for Trunch one's at 11 bucks It's currently trading at 950 It's going to need a bounce That's correct Eli But I don't have a I don't have a profit target for Trunch one So I just close it the last five minutes Trunch one trading at 1050 stops at 11 Any more down move Trunch one is going to be toast Don't forget For those of you who can attend Tim Weiss trade plan Presentation After the bell today 30 minutes after the bell No power hour for you today Dick K Well we got a little bounce To escape the stop so far I did My Trunch one is trading at 915 Stops at 11 Trunch two is going to be coming in here Shortly My quiet lunch is at the 4710 4725 So it could use a little bounce as well Same with my one DTE Yeah M-Fields I completely disagree with that And I don't know what I know you're paraphrasing But from my standpoint I think having a daily goal And stopping trading Once you hit it I think is a I completely disagree with that As far as time in the market As far as minimizing your time in the market There's obviously something to be said for that But as far as the Daily profit goal hitting it Being done I just I can't get behind that Alright here comes Trunch two Looks like it will be the 15s and 10s Got filled on Yep 10s and 15s Filled at 648 650 For me I Have a trade plan I have a plan going into every Each day And I mean especially If things are going well I think a lot of times they continue To go well but not always I mean obviously you can have You can be up in the morning and then give it back in power And maybe it's Maybe it is more Relevant to Directional trading But to me Even for directional trading I think You have a plan going in If Your setups are there Plus setups let's say I just I don't See how it makes sense to stop trading You know it's like Let's say you're a Trend trader well if the market's Trending don't you want to just Squeeze as much out of that as you can Don't you want to stay in that Um so I don't know that guy I don't know how he trades I don't know anything about that but that's just me You know you gotta To really you know Create alpha in your account too I mean you gotta you gotta have those big days That come along not very often Tranche 1 is trading at 1040 Stops at 11 Need a bounce Yeah it's just putting on a overnight Iron condor towards the end of the day based on Specific criteria and then Taking it off in the morning I just found it The scenarios that I found just kinda Test well work well It tells me something dark avenger that you still don't have Option omega what was your promise Going into the new year you promise me Are you breaking your promise SPX At 4711 That's right But on the dense gap go in the corner You are doing yourself a huge disfavor my friend Oh just sometime in 2024 stopped On trunch one Stomped on trunch one at 1125 Like that analogy be more At the end of 4710 Looks like we're bouncing a little bit off that Trunch 3 here in about 5 minutes So Dick K you stopped using Trader sync huh? It's too much Grouping that you had to sort through It is definitely worse With the bots because you know When I was manually entering I would always Choose a long Option that was a different strike For tracking purposes The bot doesn't do that so they definitely Get grouped more Or manual separating What about since all your stuff is Botted now what about the tracking In trade steward If you looked into that much If not dug too much into that because they don't Track futures or futures options You've been using it a little bit Meach Gotcha What about the reporting Does it spit out any good reports statistical data Gotcha S&P down 35 NASDAQ down a full percent Russell down 2.75% Look at that Russell Look at that little Russell run Energy is green everything else is red On the sector front retail Is the weakest And regional banks Semiconductor is big red day again Tesla down over three and a half Coin based down three Nvidia down one Baba and Baidi are green Google's green So let's see Trunch 2 I got filled at 650 I will reduce my stop If it gets down to 390 What about now dick can you hear me okay It may have been the Background construction noise Kind of Coming through my mic Trunch 2 at 15% My quiet lunch ups 57% my one day iron condor Up 27 Madam butterfly in the house Are you Trunch 3 just got filled That's on the 05 Puts and the 15 calls 10 wide for 525 So between 10 and 15 Is the sweet spot S&P's is bleeding Next trying to get back up to 14 I'm just driving these regional banks Lower 10 year yield It's not doing much today it's down a little bit I guess almost a percent Yeah I do I still have my natty It's up about 30% 30% right now Need a little down move I did sell some premium In the Euro today Volatility is creeping up On the Euro so I sold some premium there What is key about 4708 Krush Is it a Krush still ball level Oh that doesn't mean anything Vicks popping Right but what did I say in the course about it It's not that I don't trust it It's just another level It's how you manage around that level Trunks 3 A little bit red Trunks 2 up 12% Need a bounce Just a little bounce 815 million to the buy side It's the early indication I already owe you some BBQ Dick And I think we do bounce I think we get a bounce Tomorrow Do not bet against the machine Stormer how can I see The actual floating profit In dollars for each individual Trunch and toss So what I always do is I just Look at the monitor tab Now if you're sharing strikes like I am And then I just This is Trunch 2 and 3 together And you can just hover over it And it shows what your current P&L is So between Trunch 2 and 3 So I come up about 3900 Is that right Yeah so on your monitor Tab just click on the Short strikes that you have In your different tranches I have I'm sharing a short A short strike between both my Trunch 2 and 3 so I just have them all clicked on So this is my combined Trunch 2 and 3 If you're sharing a strike Then you can't separate them Alright SPX calm down I said just a little bounce Trunch 2 is up 30% I need 390 to reduce my stop It's currently at 450 You can see that on your monitor tab So on your monitor tab Once you get filled You could You can split those Into the Trunch 1, Trunch 2, Trunch 3 And create a group for them And then you can see the dollar amount that way So for example if I Go down to these strikes here And I said okay I'm going to take Let's just Let's just assume For example purposes that 4710 puts and 4715 calls Or my Trunch You can highlight those, right click And say move to group And then you can add group And you can call it whatever you want And then once and then you just move those to that group And then they're set up like this And so you can see how much you made For each Or how much it's up for each one Hey Vic welcome Let's go to the trade plans channel I'm supposed to do it there Uh Every month I put out my trade plan And it includes all the strategies I'll trade as well as the The back test links that shows all the criteria Not to mention there is a A lot of gold In that channel From other experienced traders That have Shared their trade plans as well Back up to 15s We need to stay between 10 and 15 By the way, if there's anybody here who Has a trade plan And Thinks there's something of value that they'd like to share with the group We'd love to hear from you I haven't had anyone present in A couple months Let's see who's the last one Last one was Mauro Yeah, Wugas is on October 26th Then Ryan P Went early November And Mauro as well Yeah, sharing your plan Getting feedback It'll make you a better trader No doubt Trunch 2 is 36% Getting close to that 40% So if those of you getting started with trade Steward, I know I've mentioned this a couple of times But this is always kind of confusing at first So I entered at 650 So once it gets down to 390 I'm going to reduce my stop to 2 bucks over the current price So once it gets down to 390 I would reduce my stop to 590 It's all in Relation to this opening credit price So 650 Minus 590 is 60 cents So I would need to reduce this to minus 60 cents If it gets there I think there's a column on the Monitor tab as well, Stormer That you could put percent I don't have it But let's see P&L percent Yeah, I noticed that too, Eli Sometimes I do get filled with the bot Not in 5 cent increments I don't know what that P&L percent is actually measuring So actually I don't know The answer to that, Stormer There's a way to do that All right, 390 Reducing my stop So what I was saying is I got to go 60 cents Under the opening credit So I changed that to Minus 0.6 Trunch 2 is up 40% Trunch 3 is up 35% It might be that I got Let's see, Trunch 2 Oh yeah, that's what happened So see this, Eli I got Filled on 7 of my contracts At 650 And the rest of them at 645 So trade series just showing the Average For the overnight trading Naked, I mean the stops aren't going to trigger Overnight anyway, so and I take it off In the morning So yeah, no stop Your risk is managed by your position size On that one Actually it should be managed that way In all cases My last piece of my quiet lunch is up 67% looking for 80% on that one to close My 1DTE is up 32% Looking for 45% on that one SPX back down to 4710 Alright a little over 15 minutes Till the bell I'm going to do a little test today if we get a If we get What I'm going to start doing is a little test If we get a number Either buy or sell Of 5 billion or more On the market on close number The final one I'm just going to buy it in the money call Or in the money put depending on which way See if I See if I can be quick enough to Do anything about that number So a couple of strikes in the money And back down to 4708 Yep call on buy put on sell SPX bleeding lower again Minimum of 2 billion Sell side, okay Final number will come out in 3 minutes Standing around 4708 Got 5 wide On both trunch Or 10 wide on trunch 3 Might consider taking something to the bell If it Is positioned correctly Going into the end VIX up to 13.9 That's right we need to get RIC back in action 30 seconds till the market On close and balance 2.5 billion Sell side Just bought some puts See how that works out And I got stopped And we're selling off below the expected move now Got stopped on trunch 2 For profit So I'm on the 4715 puts At 980 They're trading at 12 bucks already Trunch 3 is trading at 615 Slightly in the red now I'll close half my puts at 14 If it keeps pushing lower But we're getting a little bounce I mean that was only 2.5 billion So I'll just test in those puts Trunch 3 back in action About 44% And going back down Good call Anil good call My puts that I bought For 9 something or at Almost 14 Filled on one of them So bought them at 980 Closed one of them at 14 Trunch 3 is not liking this move Trunch 3 is trading at 890 Stops at 1125 Last one at it 15 If it pushes down again Woo! Look at that bounce Oh the moly Alright I'm going to get out of that So I made a few bucks on one Lost a buck on another one Trunch 3 is back in action Just need to stay between 05 and 15 to the bell Quite a bounce My quiet lunch is at 39% Did I just fill What was that That's what I think it was But why did it Oh that's right never mind I was thinking I just Had a profit target on that But yeah it closes At 4 minutes to the bell so that's what it was So I made 26% On my Or 24% on my 1DTE This one here It's a little over 1600 Trunch 3 is up to 82% You just stay above 05 For a pin I'm going to go ahead I'm going to close out my Last quiet lunch here Above 05 Mr. SPX Can we make that happen Just a little point higher Is all I'm asking for In the next minute What I don't want is a quick sell off Into the close Alright 06 there we go Give me a little push 264 if it pins I made 1,075 On trunch 2 And then I lost 4250 on trunch 1 Oh Back below 05 10 seconds get up there Get your little ass up there Ding ding ding Settle in At 4704.79 So not quite a pin Still a little over 3000 On trunch 3 So basically a break even For power hour Plus 3000, plus 1000 Then minus 4000 on trunch 1 On the day Basically plus 2000 bucks From 0DTE That's a lot of work That's a lot of work for 2000 bucks My bot worked hard today Alright my friends So live stream For tomorrow Tomorrow is the fourth So I will be back in action in the morning Streaming for 0DTE in the morning And then of course back for power hour again Tomorrow afternoon And then don't forget Check the Tim Weiss channel for the Zoom link for the Tim Weiss Presentation In 30 minutes from now 29 minutes Here, have a good night


Hi everyone My name is Victor and I'm here to talk about Pineton and specifically with you graph QL To start I'm not the creator of I'm not have any involvement with Facebook on the creation of graph QL and I'm not either the creator or developer of the graphene that it's one of the Libraries that I'm going to show how to use with to implement graph QL in pint on Django. I'm just a user And what is graph QL? Does anyone in here use graph QL today? No, right. Yeah, so graph QL is a new query language created by Facebook and Open-sourced like recent. I believe that it was created in 2012 and open source like last year Some call it's a framework as well. I think that it's more a language and specification Facebook released as well few frameworks and few helper libraries to allow people to use to help people using Graph QL, but it's more language to Kind of take place of what today we we call rest framework rest APIs and bring peace between back-end developers and client developers Why graph QL? We all are used to rest frameworks and We are happy today with a Ajax calls and Transparen Jason after years of XML and soap web services But it's still it's not perfect As the time passed by we see ourselves versioning our APIs with API v1 API v2 API v whatever you call it and it's become hard to maintain and This is not a problem of Django. This is not a problem of Django rest framework This is just the way that rest it's laid off those that there's no really a Way to fix this but changing rest and Create a new query language specific for web the other problem that we see is that we start exposing a model and In the simplistic way in the academia we can it looks like per simple you have a user model that you create a user serializer and You do a get in the users you receive a list of user you do a post you create you do a get users ID you receive an object. That's pretty beautiful looks beautiful in the tutorial, but in the real world You need to serializers. There is the user serializer and another serializer with less detail that you send to your API listing and Then there's the start-up Way that they need few extra ways because that your iOS developer may require three different ways of seeing your users and After few months you have a same model with 10 different ways of rendering that and It's clearly for anyone that's working the back inside that this is not great and this is not the right way This is what we see a lot when we are working specifically with startups that try to reinvent themselves prototype their product so quickly and on applications that are already on Apple Store and Google Play and You cannot afford to simply Kill your old model or kill the old way that you are rendering your model for your clients Because you have no control over when your client is going or if he will ever update the client So you end up having to keep all this versioning of API's and all these Different ways of rendering the same model This become a mess with time So But yeah, we all love Django REST framework. It has been I believe the standard for Django for quite a while Few years back I still play around a little bit with taste pie another library to create an REST for API APIs, but I feel that as of today I'm not the only one thing that almost a hundred percent of the Django project has a Django REST framework on then and It's amazing like over six thousand Stars on github two thousand forks Not even count how many stack overflows and Google account Instances you can find so Yeah, Django REST framework is amazing, but it's not the problem of the framework is the problem of REST for API's It's not matter how great is your your API but when you have your iOS developer with a different need of your Android developer and your web client and one unique backend trying to Adapt to all of this tree your REST API May end up not being as restful as you plan at first So anyway, thank you Tom Christie for the great work with Django REST framework But we need something else and This is GraphQL The way to get started with GraphQL I would say is yeah Dig a little bit in the documentation. It's a completely different sort of a specie so You won't be using just Ajax calls you have to get used it to what are the types available for a GraphQL What is an basically? I think that the main stuff to getting started someone need to understand the types available What is a node? What is a query in a little in a little bit of what is relay at least to understand the terminology? It's almost like If you were getting a start with REST for API, you need to know what is a get what is a post? What is an endpoint? Those basic things when you move to GraphQL, you need to know what is a node? What is a query? as the name says it's kind of Exposing our models as a graph the data structure graph so instead of roles or instead of JSON objects you're going to have a node that will be almost as an instance of your object and the query being the main endpoint and The difference one of the main difference like just to start is that you have just one endpoint It's one root endpoint that is your query and from there You can choose what to query It's almost like bringing the power of SQL to the web allowing the user not just to get The information s was specified by the back end, but choosing what he wants choosing the fields that I want Choosing the relationships and filters that I want to use Another great way to get started and if you are Star Wars fans You may get hooked into a little bit. There is the GraphQL Star Wars API The github project. It's so it's Available so you can see the entire source code and if you just want to play around with the the project deployed There's this link that has the project deployed and you can check it out and play a little bit with that and After you understand a little bit of the query language itself The second part that is a little bit I feel it's not as important as at this moment because most of the times we most of the problems that we have with rest is During the process of querying not in the post in itself our post request usually has less changes than our queries and But it's in but it's somewhat important as well is the in GraphQL we call the post Mutations so if you want to know as well how implement how to Change data how to create data through the GraphQL you may need to learn how to implement the mutations in your GraphQL API So you look into that you loved it you sign in how can I start now doing with Python because when you go to the GraphQL documentation you find that there is a framework for Node.js. There is a framework for I believe that Ruby and Everything else that you may imagine but there's no links for Python on the official documentation created by Facebook well there is a project called graphene That implements GraphQL in Python and it has as well a wrapper for Django and it's as simple as a pip install graph in Django and graph graphic Graphical Django graphical This is not mentored the second line. It's just a way to have the web view the react web view that allow you to play around with your graph API and After that you create your app in your models this sorry this is Following as if we are doing a Django project. So you install graphene you start graphical and You create your app your models as you would in any Django project But everything installed apps and then let's start with doing the GraphQL The first part of a project with GraphQL is Creating your nodes It has the Django node class that allows you to explain the type of objects that your GraphQL will have and If you take a quick look into this it kind of reminds me a little bit model view sets or Django REST framework serializers where you specify what model is it this node is is going to inherit off and some extra parameters as filters and Order by and what else you may imagine there are plenty of options. Those are the most basic ones and This basically tells your GraphQL how to represent a user After that you have to create the the root for your For your GraphQL and the root it's almost as if Compared with the URLs sort of so the idea is that each app will have its own query and You have a main it's let's win with Django each app has its own URL and The project has the main URLs that import all the URLs and includes them In the path for the project The same will be applied with GraphQL the standard way of doing you create one Roots that will be one schema for each app and This schema will expose Them the nodes of that specific app. So let's pose in this case We have a user's app with a user model So we create a user node first and then we created this schema that we will expose that user mode No, sorry You see that it has a class method abstract through is because we we don't really want to use this Class query yet. It's an abstract that will be imported by the global query That would be almost as the global URLs dot pi that you include the URLs from your app later So where we go after this? Now we create our global query This in the official documentation. I believe that they lay out these are this file Aside the manage dot pi in the root of your project. I believe that it's for my point of view, I'd had her put inside your project app folder Let's pose when you create a Django project. It's by default creates the Project and within the project. There is a folder with the name the same name of the project that has your Settings and your the main URLs and everything I had her put in there Then in the roots together with manage dot pi I know that some people that use cookie cutter and or some people rename that That folder as well to config most of the time that will have your main settings of Django I had her put it in there in that folder in this config folder and On these schema, you are going to import your app schema. Let's pose users dot schema and Then expose your model to the To graph ql doing so You just need to Plug in your URLs because you have a schema. You have the queries, but Django still does not know how to route those graph ql and The way for doing so is by Plugging the schema created to the Django URLs The other thing that it's not mandatory, but For anyone that are planning on start playing around with graph ql. It's extremely recommended is To add that graphical that is the second line in the In this URL pattern that I created the and these will include that react webvill for you to play with The graph ql it's really a web console that you can type your query in one side and get the results in the other side To get started and playing around on the production. It's not necessary. It's just for playground but I think that it's It's the best way to really get started and to learn some how to do some queries and stuff You may want to protect this somewhat if you are if you put in this expose to in a real server You can just add some permissions to just add means or some specific low group to be able to access that and After that you're done. You have your graph ql Exposed and You can access the graphical and you have an interface like this that we will allow you to query the Your Graphql through the web This is not how your clients are going to use But this is the first way to get started with graphical to really write in the queries and playing with that the Clients itself your iOS developer Your react developer or whatever client you may have they will call straight this first line that is the graph ql and the point and passing the the query that they need I've gone and Why not? What are the problems looks like too perfect to be true and It's in early stage. I think that For some of us it may look amazing We got we like to see new things we like new technologies We like to play with new things, but it has the downsides. It's a technology that you may expect to change a lot and The adoption is not as high as a RESTful or Django REST framework We your team user that's one big problem It's not just we if you implement this in your Django back end it may work perfect, but If your client is not willing to implement that on the iOS application if he Your clients is not willing to implement the web application. It just pointless You need to sync you need to know that your clients really willing to do that for example on my case I work I have a full-time job and And we There's no way that we can use that in there like in my company And in the other two freelance projects that I work One of them the iOS developer is a little inclined of using it But still it's just inclined no one is really Using much so I'm still do not have in any project on that I'm on production with this because it does not matter if I haven't end point ready No, no clients is Not that the clients iOS skin works very well with GraphQL But if your iOS developer is not developing with I with GraphQL I'm sorry. You have to try to sell in the idea and it's not at ease some time and I think the major problem is help as I mentioned before you see the amount of a stack overflow questions and the number of tutorials that we have about Django REST framework and Almost every single problem that you may imagine you will face when implementing API with Django REST framework You can find someone that had the similar problem or close by and you can Kind of relate with that and it's easy to find the help when you are doing GraphQL you are in your all so You are going to spend a lot of time sometimes a lot of hours just to sometimes fixing small mistakes that You did and just no one else did before you are no one share that with you yet This is a big problem sometimes I Believe that that's it. This is the way to get started and I just have to mention that Cyrus Akibari, I don't I don't know exactly his name He was the creator of the graphene that is the wrapper for Python and GraphQL And I believe that he will be at Django conference in Philly this week giving a talk So if someone is interested I Definitely recommends it's a great library and on this sample that I showed it's most It's just using the Django part, but it's not a Django library. It's a Python library You can use it with flask you can use with pure Python and SQL alchemy the advantage of using with Django at least for me as a Django developer is the fact that it can inherit in my my existing models and So my work it's kind of close to the same work that I would have when I'm doing a REST API of creating my model view sets or or Model serializers and specifying some extra parameters, but I don't really need to create the entire model again That's I think that's it for for now if anyone has questions of a query I do not let me see if I have any yes Yeah, the the Star Wars API. I believe that's the best sample and Oh, wait, I don't have Wi-Fi What I recommend to get started with the language if you usually when you if you want to see samples of queries itself When you open the Star Wars project there is the test files That and the test files have Plenty of query samples of course to test and it's an easy way to get started but the format itself it's something and then This interface that we are using is the graphical It's the one that I said that Jenga REST framework implements as well, and it has this helpers that will kind of autocomplete your your comments and allow you to to play around with your with your queries Oh and In here we can get in this case, I'm using the old films and As you can see we can specify the fields that we want so we solve that first problem of the REST API that each client Requests you to have a different fields your iOS developers say that he cannot receive the members and your Android developers say that he would love to have the profile picture and Each one can ask for the fields that they want kind of the same way that whoever is used to SQL We were used to specify what we want. We would not just get whatever the API give us and Let me see in here you can Let me see what's the relationships that is have Okay, any any other question anyone and Yeah So thank you all. I hope you guys enjoy and use the graph well


Well, I think defensively, Mike, it's eliminating those chunk plays. In that first game, we gave up 365 yards total for the game. Unfortunately, 151 of those yards came on five plays. So those big chunk plays where they eat up tons of guards in only one play, we've got to eliminate those. And then offensively, it's being better on third down, especially in the second half. Thought we did a lot of good things in the first half, moving the football. But we've got to sustain drives in the second half, keep the football, get it down to the red zone of score points. And finally, Delaney Walker announced his retirement as a Titan earlier this week on Tuesday. What did he mean to the team most during that period for you? Super talented, unique skill set, a great guy in the locker room. He was a leader. He was a guy that when a play needed to be made, his number certainly was at the top of the list of guys to get the ball to make that play. Really thankful for all that he's done for the organization and the community.


I'm here to talk about US corporate law. Why should you study US corporate law? Why should you choose that as part of your MCL program? I'm very well aware that you did not choose to come to the United States to undertake your graduate law studies. You choose to come to the UK for a very good reason. You chose Cambridge over Columbia. So why on earth would you want to study about US corporate law? Le Llawn Levyn ynbonead. Maeny sut company Llawn Levyn yn gyffredin iawn 것au, mae'r confirmed yma papier ac mae'n ffordd hyn. Ro'w cynt stabilityeth mewnbro cheekbód gy revision. Llywodraeth hyn yn roi give ei chlas oshechiantio pan fyddiaeth manewyddgingaeth a siaradau idd hagwfi yma – amdank dosSColithicjanth. Wrth gwerth g orae, mae efallai wedi这fu fy Nghymru sgolaeth yma i ddeg Durhamоч inny? Well, you have.  There's no easy way to put that. It's nothing personal. It's purely racial. But we do have a discriminatory policy towards Americans, unfortunately. But if you're not planning, there's no loss. They're welcome to audit it. But we hope you have a choice to do Scots. So, yeah, that's fine. Just get that out of the way quickly. That's the awkward bit. Rydych ein bod chi wedi ei eistedd gyda'r Amanachau, mae hefyd yn bwysig i'r ddweud o'r law yma yma yn y US. Maen nhw'n rhoi gyda'r law ar y USA, y bydd pwysig i'r law a'r ddwyleddol y prathau yma yn y Prathau Llywodraeth, ac mae wneud hon i'r Prathau Llywodraeth, mae chi'n gwneud gael践 Crypt, yn ysbyt yw'r law USA. Mae'r busrif i'r geshleid, oherwydd staeth ystodd o'r wrthiau, Not least because large aspects of U.S. corporate law, particularly the federal aspects of U.S. corporate law, which was strictly speaking would become securities law, but nonetheless many aspects or a growing number of aspects of U.S. corporate law are federal law which can potentially have extra territorial application, especially where foreign companies, overseas companies, are listed in the US stock exchange, in which case large parts of U.S. corporate law will apply to them regardless of whereabouts in the world they are, regardless of where their place of incorporation is. Also, U.S. corporate law, as we all know, is highly influential as an international point of reference across the world. It is still today for all its various faults and weaknesses. It is still today, to a large extent, held up as the gold standard of corporate law, particularly in emerging transitional economies. Therefore, there is an interest that we have in knowing about it. And also, any company across the world, any business which wishes to incorporate across the world can become a U.S. corporation regardless of whereabouts it converts its business, which is another factor to take into account as well. A final point is we still live for better or worse in a largely U.S. dominated global political economy. U.S. corporations exercise whether we like it or not exercise considerable influence on an economic and social level over how we live our lives. So, again, we as global citizens have an interest in knowing how U.S. corporations are regulated. So, there's a variety of reasons as to why, of course, it's useful, even though you may not be directly practicing in the U.S. Second important issue, not just why should you study U.S. corporate law? What right do I have to teach you U.S. corporate law? As some of you may have noticed, I'm not from the U.S. I'm from Scotland. What qualifies me to actually teach you this subject? For a number of years, I've coordinated and taught graduate modules which deal heavily with U.S. corporate law, particularly modules at various institutions on Anglo-American corporate governance. I've also taught in the United States. I've taught U.S. business entities a lot at Seattle University School of Law before to U.S. JD students. So, for a number of years I've taught U.S. corporate law on both sides of the pond, so to speak. And also my research deals as much with U.S. law as it does with the UK, if not more so it is something that I'm very familiar with and enjoy studying a lot as I hope some of you will. Now, even though I've said U.S. corporate law is in many respects the gold standard corporate law system, it's held out as the leading international example for many other countries to follow. That does not mean that it's a normal corporate law system, so to speak. In fact, on a global level, the U.S. system of corporate law is very much the exception rather than the rule. It's the outlier. There is no other system, even systems that in some respects have tried to mimic bits of U.S. corporate law. Still today there is no system across the world. Even the UK, which many people think is very similar to the U.S. In many respects it might be, but corporate law-wise the UK and the U.S. are worlds apart. So don't think I study in the U.S. corporate law. You're in some way going to get an insight into the U.S. system. There are very, very different worlds completely. But the U.S. system is very much the weird system, the unusual system for a number of reasons. And there's no other system around the world that's really like it in any major way. First of all, as many of you will be aware, U.S. law in general, especially U.S. corporate law, is federal in nature. There is no one system of corporate law that you study. U.S. corporate law is actually comprised of 51 different systems of corporate law. State-level systems, one for each of the 50 states, and one for the District of Columbia, which operates its own state-like system. One might even say there's 52 systems of corporate law because the federal laws, which are created nationwide from Washington D.C., also add an extra layer on top of all the various state systems of corporate law that we have. So it's a hugely sophisticated, complex system in that sense, although obviously just to quam any fears we're not going to be studying all 51 different state systems, not in any levels of debt anyway, that would be possible. And in fact that we want a particular state system that we will be studying much, much more than any of the others. And it's a state which many people might not regard to be one of the most well known states in the U.S. in popular terms anyway. But there is one particular state in the U.S. which stands out as the leader when it comes to corporate law. The leader by far. Does anybody know what state that is? Delaware, yeah. Probably no offence to people from Delaware, but we don't think of Delaware as being the most conspicuous, the most well known U.S. state. It's a small state, not a great deal goes on there with all due respect to it. But one thing that they are very, very good at is corporate lawmaking. To a large extent how Delaware has made its name. So the bulk of what we will be studying in this course will be Delaware law, not least because a majority of publicly listed corporations in the United States are incorporated in the state of Delaware and thus are subject to Delaware state law. In the U.S. there is something called the free incorporation doctrine. It does not matter where you intend to conduct your actual physical business. You can choose to incorporate in any state you wish. You can become a Delaware corporation merely by the administrative act of incorporation within the state of Delaware. You may never set foot in the state of Delaware except when you come to court to litigate. You may conduct your whole business in other parts of the country, even in other parts of the world. Your corporate headquarters could be in New York City. Your upstream manufacturing operations could be in Ohio or parts of the Midwest in the U.S. Your downstream manufacturing activities could be overseas perhaps in South East Asia. It does not matter. As long as you are incorporated in Delaware it will be Delaware corporate law that governs that company. That's very different from the European Union state. In the EU we do not yet have a Delaware type system. We still to a large extent apply something called the real seek doctrine with limited exceptions. Which means that a company in Europe cannot choose a member state to incorporate independently of the issue of where it intends to conduct its business. These two aspects are still tied together to quite a large extent. In the U.S. that's not the case. You get complete freedom to choose what system of corporate law you are subject to. So what we see in the U.S. is something we don't really see anywhere else in the world. Which is interstate competition for incorporations. Different states in the U.S. will actively compete with one another. Just like producing firms to offer laws which companies and their incorporators find out. It's attractive to try and entice those companies to incorporate in their state. Because states get a lot of advantages from incorporations. They will get incorporation fees. They will get franchised tax revenues. And they will get all the associated benefits of being a locus of incorporation. Such as a vibrant legal and associated professional services sector. Which can be a lot of benefit to the state. So that's another thing we have to get used to. Regulators as competitors competing with each other. And undoubtedly there is the winner of that competition. At least as I understand today. Another important characteristic of U.S. corporate law which marks it out for most if not all other systems of corporate law. Is that it very much aims to be at least at state level. It aims to be a facilitative system of law. Not a mandatory or regulatory system of law. Now most of us, especially those of us who come from civil law backgrounds. Time to think of law as being something that's coercive, that's mandatory. It constrains what we're able to do. Whether as a citizen or as a business that limits a range of choices. Now you need to dispel that notion out your head quickly if you want to study U.S. corporate law. Because U.S. corporate law does not aim to regulate. It does not aim to coerce or constrain. It aims to facilitate. It aims to increase the range of choices available to contractors and businesses. Rather than reduce them. And for that reason we see a very unique feature of U.S. corporate law. Which we're going to concentrate on to a large extent in our first seminar next week. Which is that large aspects of U.S. state law can be opted out of. If it does not suit you to comply with a particular law. You effectively put in an offsetting term into the company's constitution or by-laws. And opt the company out of that particular law. Which is a very unique feature of law. But something that's been part and parcel of U.S. corporate law for a long time. So that just gives you a flavour of the uniqueness of U.S. corporate law as a subject. Another aspect of U.S. corporate law that I will mention. Something which also marks it out quite considerably from other systems across the world. Is the significant degree of leeway that it grants to boards or management of companies. There is something, a particular doctrine of law that lies at the very heart of U.S. state law. Particularly Delaware state law in the U.S. Which is called the business judgement rule. And the business judgement rule in a way channels and influences so much more of U.S. corporate law around it. The business judgement rule is basically a presumption that a board of directors of a company made its decisions, exercised its discretion on a loyal good faith and informed basis. On unless a plaintiff shareholder can rebut either of these three facets of the presumption. By showing that the board were either disloyal, that the board were unfaithful, that they were involved in self-dealing perhaps. Or that the board acted on an uninformed basis which can be very very difficult to prove. Unless one of those three facets of the presumption can be rebutted by the plaintiffs. Then basically the board will enjoy a watertight bubble of protection from any liability. And that is a hugely hugely influential doctrine. And also a reason why U.S. in particularly Delaware law is so attractive. Especially from the point of view of boards of directors. Because of this important in a way immunisation that affords them to a greater extent than most if not any other national system of corporate law. And going hand in hand with that principle is another important crucial facet of U.S. corporate law at state level. Which is called the director of primacy doctrine. And this is the notion which we don't really see to anywhere near the same extent in other national systems of law. It's the notion that the directors, the board of directors of a corporation manage the company. The shareholders put their money in the company, they invest in the company. But that's pretty much all they do. If the shareholders are not happy with the decisions that the board are taking on their behalf. There's not a great deal they can do about it. Apart from the best of money elsewhere. UK company law does not take that view. UK company law to a large extent empower shareholders. Enable shareholders to displace the board. Or in some cases to exert coercive influence on what the board are doing. In order to try and redress that balance of power. U.S. corporate law with limited exception today remains largely premised on this view that the board of directors are supreme and sovereign. Now that strikes many people as surprising. Most people think of the U.S. economy, the U.S. political economy as being in a way the land of profit maximisation. Thus it follows surely that U.S. corporate law should be all about empowering shareholders. It should be all about shareholder primacy or shareholder wealth maximisation. Actually no, U.S. corporate law is mainly about disempowering shareholders rather than empowering them. The U.S. is actually a very bad place to be a shareholder because you don't get a lot of powers. Because you would get in other countries. And that's another thing that strikes people as surprising about the topic. Well hopefully I've sort of stimulated your appetite for the subject. That's all the main things I wanted to say about the subject itself. A few housekeeping rules, the immediately important stuff. We will meet at 9am on Tuesday mornings in Room G11 which has just crossed the corridor. Nice circular seminar room which works quite well. 9am on Tuesday mornings with two others. There is no textbook for this course, important point. You do not need a textbook. Readings will be supplied for the exception of those readings which are available as electronic journals online. Or books which are readily available from the library. Everything else will be supplied to you in advance. And the reading list is already available on the website. Eight seminars obviously as a standard. There are a couple of optional books you may wish to buy. One is my favourite US cases and materials. Corporations and other business associations cases and materials by Kelly and Thompson. Which will be available on the handout. I don't actually recommend you buy it. Not least because it's an excessive $200.  And the materials will be supplied anyway. Another book and I'm not just trying to push my own book. Because I don't make that much money from it anyway. But I will be supplying quite a lot of the excerpts from this book. Corporate Governance in the Shadow of the State. It's fairly readily available in the library. But if there's an issue of library resources which we can't immediately redress. You may wish to invest in the book. I think that's all the key housekeeping stuff. Which to see if there's anybody else. Assessments by way of an unseen exam as is pretty standard. And just check if there's anything else to mention. I think that's everything. My email address is available on the course handout. So any other questions that we don't deal with now. Feel free to revert back to me.


Hello everyone. Good evening. Thanks for coming out here today. So I'm going to talk about polkadot in the context of interoperability of blockchains and Let's let's basically just right jump right into it. So brief about me. I'm got them the major I'm a solutions architect with parity technologies Most of the time I'm helping our potential customers Enterprises blockchain or governments or startups to help build on the parity stack Mostly on on the building app based blockchains and how to connect them with polkadot and so on so that's me and Let's let's go into the polkadot side of things how we look at interoperability and how we actually Realize that we want something like this. So It's going to be something in continuation to what Billy just mentioned like why we need interoperability and What what has brought us to this point? So let's let's look at what's the status quo at the at the moment first of all the whole Categorization and building of these app based blockchain started when we realized that one framework one Platform or one network will not be able to provide all the Fundamental characteristics needed for all kinds of blockchains We are every day. We are looking at these different blockchains popping up around the ecosystem Some some of them are providing identity some of them are providing payments some of them are providing a few other characteristics, but The focus has now been moving more and more towards one single use case do it and do it Better and do it best basically and it's not about like doing everything anymore So that's one of the patterns that we have been seeing coming up a lot in the recent Developments in our blockchain ecosystem and that's one part of it basically The second most important part is the mass adoption What I personally also believe is that until the larger enterprises and the governments don't start using our Ecosystem our technologies they will not be gaining mass adoption in the near future So it is important to help them also build the solutions that they want to build for the decentralized space and most of the time their requirements are very different from what conventional blockchains will Look like so a lot of times they need some level of permissioning a lot of times they need some privacy of state arbitrary message passing and so on so those are some of the characteristics which are specifically needed for some of the use cases and not the current Frameworks or platforms of today not all of them provide this in a more in a fully decentralized or permissionless way and Finally when we combine the last two arguments that I just presented that There are several chains popping up every day And then there are different requirements from the enterprise side and the government side of things We are looking at all these fragments being created in different corners of the world like today again There was this announcement of the Facebook coin chain and then a few weeks ago There was an identity chain being built by Microsoft and so on so we are again looking at those fragments which We actually wanted to not have when we were starting with the whole blockchain ecosystem We wanted a connected world. We wanted a more decentralized and transparent world and now again We are looking at these fragments. So how do we basically make sure that we are bringing these things together We are bringing these ecosystems together. So that's where the whole need for interoperability is is realized and Before before we go into how we solve that problem with polka dot. Let's also look at What exactly is needed to solve the problem of interoperability? So the first thing is a common platform until Chains or networks or systems are not able to talk to each other in a standardized way They will not talk to each other basically So it's as simple as that if I'm able to communicate things to you today in English You are listening to me if I was speaking Hindi back from India You will not be listening to me most of you So we need a common platform to talk to each other or the systems need a common platform to talk to each other first of all And hence we are looking at something like an infrastructure for the infrastructure So if if the new teams which are coming up with their own app-based blockchains They are creating infrastructure for solving a use case. We need infrastructure to actually enable their infrastructure itself So that's the first need where we are looking at when we want to solve the problem of interoperability The second and the most important thing is trust of course While we are looking at a lot of trustless systems. We talk about Environments where we want to give up a trust and look at immutability and decentralization We are also like kind of this is something more Behavioral kind of thing that if I am able to communicate with you and if I am able to trust you then I will be able to deal with you and Exact same thing applies for systems as well if they are able to talk to each other which was my previous slide and if they are able to trust each other's in some way or the other they will be able to communicate communicate and Interoperate with each other and that's the most important second part is and when it comes to blockchains and in the Context of decentralized systems Trust is more about finality if one chain has a State that can be reverted or there are Byzantine actors which are Working towards making this chain unstable then the other chain should not be impacted by that Secondly the most important point is the security if a chain is feeling Basically secure with by connecting to a network by exchanging information over that particular Infrastructure then it will be very very helpful for these chains to interoperate with each other. So those are the primary Two needs when we are trying to solve the problem of interoperability We need a common platform. We need chains to be able to talk to each other in a standardized way And secondly and most importantly, they should be able to trust this platform, which they are using to talk to each other So that's where I want to jump now into the polka dot side of things how we are solving these two problems How we are bringing a common framework a common platform into the ecosystem and how? Chains are allowed or enabled to trust this common infrastructure so let's look at how we are looking at the interoperability interoperability side with Polka dot so When it comes to blockchains, there are two basic things that we are looking at most of the times It's one is the state transition that there there are these transactions coming in into the chain And they are taking the chain from one state to the next state and that's basically Depending upon use case to use case that differs a lot among chains for identity related chain This could be creation of a new identity or an update of a new identity for a financial Settlements chain. It's just Substraction and addition of balances. So that's very different from chain to chain and then the second part is consensus on how you basically agree that a state has really changed or not so What we are doing with polka dot is allowing both of these side of blockchains the state Transition and the consensus to be basically connected together Even if the chains are doing different kind of state transitions for their different use cases underlying Infrastructure allows them to still interoperate with each other Secondly the problem about finality and what's going to be what what was the state previously what was the state next and Whether it will be reverted back or not That's the past present in the future of the blockchain that also Connected and I'll jump right into it in a couple of slides after this and finally The third part is about connecting public and private networks Like I mentioned previously when we were looking at How the silos are being created the one thing which was coming up was creation of these private chains enterprise chains, which were basically being Just coming up as fragments because then their needs are very different They are they are required to do a lot of other things apart from just Decentralization and keeping the state immutable So how do we make sure that we connect both private chains and public chains is also a most thing that polka dot helps us solve so a high level and 10,000 feet level view of polka dot is basically we have three major components in the system the relay chain which is basically the Central infrastructure of polka dot which allows other chains to connect and talk to each other Then we have the parachains and these are the application is specific chains which are Kind of being built using the same Framework and the platform so that they can communicate with each other if they are not Following the same practices if they are not following the same standard standards then again there is a problem of fragmentation So this is how we are basically coming up with this whole framework for building parachains so that they can connect to The polka dot relay chain and talk to each other And finally bridges so bridges are Basically allowing Existing chains which are not built using the parachain framework which is substrate if you heard about it so if if your chain is not following the exact the Consensus and the and is not connected directly to the polka dot network using a slot Then they can still be connected to the network using bridges. So for example chains like ethereum Zcash bitcoin they can be connected to the polka dot network using ethereum and sorry bridges and They can still interoperate with other parachains and these other existing chains in themselves How this looks like is basically Something like this which I will explain in detail So the core middle part which you see as a dark black outline in the middle That's the relay chain and those white things inside that is are the blocks for the relay chain The lines that you see in between which are basically like kind of creating the web are Interchain message passing. So that's how the relay chain is helping pass all these messages from one chain to other The next layer basically are the validators for the relay chain so they are making sure that the blocks are being added to the chains one after the other and They are taking care of the security and the recent realization of the relay chain itself and The third layer are the parachains themselves. They are directly connected to the relay chain and Submitting their blocks to the validators of the relay chain and Finally if you look at the next level those are the second level relay chains and the bridge Chains which are connecting to the relay chain using bridges or second level or the first level relay chain itself So this is how basically a whole ecosystem based on polka dot looks like that everything is fully decentralized fully Permissionless, but is still able to interact and interoperate with each other in a very very standardized way So what we are using and how we are building this ecosystem We are again using rust programming language to build the framework for building parachains And the polka dot relay chain is also being built using the same framework called substrate and which is based on rust then web assembly the most important crucial part of frame our framework components is because If you are already aware of then let me not aware then let me tell you about it that polka dot is Inherently upgradable so it has on-chain governance and you can actually upgrade the runtime of the chain at any point in time after getting through consensus and the most crucial aspect over there is web assembly so Wasm allows us to do that without any problem because you can simply upgrade the environment on wasm and it's still the native environment is Fully functional at that point in time. So that's That's the second most important aspect and the third finally explaining about the lip P2P the flexible P2P protocol, which is like Designed by the protocol labs team and then we have implemented that in rust and we are using that for polka dot and for substrate-based chains as well so Going back to the initial Set of problems that we are we were looking at when we were trying to solve the interoperability Issues and the first thing that we looked at was a common platform is needed which which can allow these apps to actually interact with each other in a Standardized way and that's why we want to make sure that all the apps that are interact app chains or parachains that are interacting with the Bolga dot ecosystem are can be as heterogeneous and genius as they can be they can have their state transition function as as they want There should be scalability the whole problem of The major major problem at in our space right now is scalability and that's again how we solve it is by pooling these Chains together. So if there is an identity chain and if there is a payment settlement chain and if there is Let's say a supply chain blockchain then they are actually now and they are all connected to let's say the polka dot relay chain. They are actually Not doing all of the same thing together in one chain, but they are You know dividing these users if somebody needs to just transfer Bitcoin, they don't have to really do or Not Bitcoin or some financial coin They don't have to really go through a chain which is doing everything Which is also having transactions of supply chain or having transactions of identity They are just interested in basically getting and transferring some financial value Similarly, if somebody wants to authenticate using their identity system or if they want to create an identity Self-sovereign on the blockchain and they don't have to worry about other transactions that are coming from the Financial chain. So this is how we are approaching the problem of scalability is Like the chains will have their own use cases and they will do that in a more efficient way And they don't have to worry about other things which generally are Being being done in most of the current frameworks. So to say and finally this security model like we said The other major thing to solve for interoperability was security So polka dot uses this pool or shared security model where the validators of the para chain are basically allowing or sorry the validators of the relay chain are Swapped and they allow and they basically Allow the para chains to add blocks to the relay chain and they are Allowing all these para chains which are connected to the polka dot ecosystem to Basically be secure in a more comprehensive way by basically interacting with each other. So that's how the pool security works and Let's look into where we are currently with the polka dot Build development. So it's it's being approached in a very similar way. How ethereum was being built in the initial stages And our founder Gavin wood is is also he was also the first go CTO of Ethereum and so we are following the exact same approach We are doing a bunch of POCs tackling one problem at a time. So we have we have recently done the these some of these POCs and The next ones are basically coming up where we are looking at migration of a Substrate build chain to be working as a para chain and then we will be hopefully by the end of this year or Beginning of next year will be looking at a main net launch Well, thank you for listening to the story and Questions are most welcome You had mentioned that polka dot supports bulk chains with a private state How does that work with fishermen? Because like how do they I guess do fraud proofs on the private state? So the way it works is basically that there will be Not all the state is private state. It's basically subset of the state which needs to be there on the Needs to be looked by the parties which are interested in looking into that and which are authorized to look into that are to be Done with that and there is always a verification that there is a state change has happened For example zero-knowledge proof or something like that So that's for the fishermen to basically still make sure that the information is coming out correctly and the state changes are happening As they should be happening while the actual state is visible only to the people who are authorized to see that We there are teams working on that side of things basically so there is a Para chain being built called zero chain, which is basically doing zero-knowledge proofs on substrate and which will Look something similar to this what what we just discussed What makes you sure that the end game is? Many different blockchains each focusing on their own specialized single use case And then there will be a need for something in the middle to connect them all so Actually, nothing makes me sure But it's it's more like the patterns that we have seen in the past How we started with so it's it goes back to like how the computing has evolved in the last few decades It's always the same thing that we start with one system doing everything Trying to do all of the things at the same time and then we realize there are limitations to use that framework or platform and then we try to you know Fork out of that system and try just like Billy explained that in the beginning There were so many folks of Bitcoin because we wanted to scale we wanted to do something different so Fragmentation always happens when there are limitations with one thing and people want to innovate so there is always One thing that is I'm very sure of is innovation that people will keep on doing that We they will keep on breaking the boundaries and to do that you need a extensible framework You need something which can allow for doing that Otherwise you will be building something on your own and if you are going to build something on your own Separately, then you are creating fragments in the ecosystem and how do you connect these fragments together? Or do I answer your question? Yeah All right. Thank you everyone. Have an icy. Thank you so much again