OK, thank you. So I'm Takuyo Kuda from the University of Tokyo. And the organizers asked me, actually, not just boundary, but also extended operators in supersymmetric localization with extended operators in supersymmetric quantum field theories. So I think, OK, by extended, what is meant is that the operators are not necessarily local. So they can have some non-trivial dimensions. And the examples include line operators, such as Wilson-Poufft line operators. And there are also surface operators. And then you can boundaries, interfaces, also known as domain walls. And we can also have coupled systems of QFTs of different dimensionalities. I think I can include them as examples of extended operators in quantum field theories. And we can do various things. And we can, indeed, do supersymmetric localizations with these extended operators. And also, they play significant roles in the 2D, 4D, or AGT correspondence, or related 3D, 3D correspondence, and so on. And these objects are also important in other contexts, such as conformable strap, holography, and so on. And maybe most significantly, especially the line operators or loop operators were first introduced as order parameters of gauge theories. So the behaviors of their expectation values or correlation functions as functions of some parameters can be used to classify possible phases of quantum field theories. And so today, I will focus on the boundaries and interface, the monthly boundaries in two dimensions. So this is the topic of today. And at least my current plan is to talk about line operators, Wilson and Toothed operators in four dimensions tomorrow. That's my plan. And OK, so today's topic, this is about in two dimensions. So today's topic is closely related to what Benini discussed last week. And OK, the topic of tomorrow, the topic will be about four dimensions, so it will be closely related to what Peter discussed last week. OK. And I do believe that the examples I will discuss are important examples. But I also want to emphasize and illustrate the general principles that can be learned from the examples I will concretely discuss. So my examples will be interesting and important, but I also want to emphasize the general aspects. OK. So usually, I write down the plan of my presentation. So for today's lecture, here is the plan. So I first, I'm already giving an overview of my lectures. And then I will discuss the so-called B-type boundary conditions. And then I'll explain that something called matrix factorization will be necessary. And then I will actually perform supersymmetric localization and explain how to compute the so-called hemisphere function function. OK. And then I will tell you that the hemisphere function has a meaning as the central charge of D-brain when the two-dimensional theory is used as a word sheet theory of type two string theory. And also, as an application of the hemisphere function, I plan to discuss the interface. OK. And of course, the questions are welcome. So please feel free to stop me and ask questions anytime. OK. So I want to introduce B-type boundary conditions. And in order to do that, I need to explain the setup. So this is basically the same as what Benny discussed. So we are going to consider two-dimensional N equals 2 comma 2 theory on the two-spheres or, well, or hemisphere. All right. Actually, I want to give you references. So as a general reference, elementary pedagogical reference, I give you section 39 over text book called MiraSymmetry, written by Holly and other people. Well, you can Google MiraSymmetry, Holly, and then you can find the PDF from Clay Mathematical Institute. That's true. Yeah, but this is the book, yes. OK, maybe you can put the clay. And then you'll find the PDF. Or you can get it from Inspire. So this is the text book. And the actual content of my lecture today will be based on my paper on the hemisphere function function. And actually, on the hemisphere function function, there are three papers. One is by Sugistan Terashima. Terashima was here last week. Another, Honda and myself. And yet another one by Holly and Romo. These are all from August 2013. So basically, these papers were posted on the archive simultaneously. And of course, naturally, I will be mostly using the conventions of my own paper. Yes. And our convention is very similar to Doroud Benigny. And sorry, Doroud, Reflog, Gomis, and Riva are using. Yeah, OK. So the setup is a two-dimensional n equals 2,2. And because we are on a curved manifold, we want to consider some background, supergravity background. And OK, I'm interested in a particular version of two-dimensional supergravity called U1B. And this is a dimensional reduction of four-dimensional n equals 1 supergravity, the new MIMO supergravity, which Fesucha discussed last week. OK. So in particular, vector r symmetry. Yeah, so this supergravity can be coupled to a theory with vector r symmetry. And I want to consider the following metric. So let's see. So F, so theta and phi are the usual polar coordinates on the truth here. And F behaves like this for theta close to 0. And OK, because we are interested in essentially Hems here, let's say, I want to restrict to, well, actually, OK. Yeah, OK. So this is the behavior for theta near 0. And OK, on the truth here, theta takes value between 0 and phi. And phi takes value between 0 and 2 phi, as usual. OK. And sometimes I will use the field bind. So and I will be using the hat to denote the frame index. So this is the index for the field bind. So E1 hat is F times d theta. And E2 hat is L sine theta d phi. OK, well, if F is simply L, then this corresponds to the round metric of radius L. And you may also take L squared cosine theta cosine square theta plus L tilde squared sine squared theta, where both L and L tilde are some parameters, positive parameters. And this is also a good example of F. I need to experiment a bit. And OK, we also have U1R symmetry gauge field. So VR, so this is one form, 1 minus L over F of theta d phi like this. And if you remember, I think from Benin's talk, this supergravity, this version of supergravity also contains something I think he denoted by H. So this is a gravity photon field strength. And this is proportional to 1 over F. OK, am I clear? Is everything clear? No question? OK. Do you know what the partition function is going to depend on? I mean, for example, in the 4D case, we were explaining that it depends only on the complex structure, et cetera. So do you know if the similar analysis is specific to D and what the conclusion is? Well, I know the result of the localization calculation. Let's see. Yeah, it depends on the context. But for example, for the Henshaw function in the conformal case, there is an analysis using the superwire anomaly by Bacchus and Plankner. And they showed that it depends hormonically on the Kera module. And here I introduced the deformations of L and L theta. So do you know if they exhaust all the further form deformations of S2 sheets? So S2 partition function, there is no analog of B for S2 partition function. Yeah, so here I introduced the deformation, but the partition function actually is independent of the deformation. So it's actually enough to compute the partition function on the round sphere. I see. I'm asking you that if you take a more general metric, et cetera, are you sure that this is the only answer you get? Or if you take a crazy complex structure, et cetera, is there a possibility of getting another answer? For the truth, I don't think there are many options. Sorry, say that again. You say when theta goes to 0, F, theta approaches N. Yes? So then it becomes 0. At this one? Yeah, you said a singular point. Yeah, so right. So in it, F goes, this part becomes 0 at theta equals 0, and that's necessary for this gauge field to be smooth, because this is angular variable. Yeah, I think I'm going actually too slowly, so OK. Now, I should now write down the generalized, generalized chilling spinner. Can you read? So this is the condition for supersymmetry to be preserved. Y is two-component spinner, and I'm going to define the gamma matrices soon. So there are two kinds of spinors, epsilon and epsilon bar. Minus 1 over 2f, gamma mu, gamma 3, epsilon bar. Epsilon and epsilon bar have opposite R charges. And my convention for gamma matrices is the theta hat corresponds to gamma 1 hat. This is the first sigma power matrix. Gamma phi hat is gamma 2 hat minus ii, and gamma 3 just denotes the chirality matrix in two dimensions. Yes? OK. And on the round sphere, we have SU 2 slash 1 symmetry. But the deformation, and also, when we put a boundary along the equator, theta equals pi over 2, the symmetry SU 2 slash 1, it gets broken to SU 1 slash 1. So that's the symmetry we'll be interested in. It'll be interesting. How do I do this? So I will be considering very explicit spinors, super symmetry parameters. So I'm just writing down the solutions to the general Killing-Spinner equations. So I will be considering exponential minus i over 2 theta gamma 2 hat. So this is a matrix, and it acts on exponential of i over 2 times phi 0, and the epsilon bar equals i over 2 theta gamma 2 hat 0. It is minus i over 2 phi. Yeah, so these serve the general Killing-Spinner equations, which I wrote down. And if you compute the super symmetry transformations, and then you find that the super symmetry squares to bosonic symmetries, and the bosonic symmetries involve some Killing vector field. So it gives a rotation of the sphere. And the rotation is such that the boundary at theta equals pi over 2 is preserved. So I will be putting the boundary at theta equals pi over 2. And in this limit, the spinors, the super symmetry parameters becomes both basically 1 1 up to r symmetry transformation. And this is because gamma 2 hat is 2 by 2 matrix. And if we set x1 to be L tilde times theta minus pi over 2, and x2 is L times phi, then locally, near the boundary, the system looks like this. So there is a boundary at x1 equals 0, or theta is pi over 2. And the remaining part is, so the region on the left is the bulk of the hemisphere. And if you, I haven't told you the rule, but if you compute the super charge, so in terms of the spinors, they look like this. And in terms of super charges, it looks like, in the convention of the text book, media symmetry textbook, it looks like this. And this such super symmetry is known as B type super symmetry. So yes. But this is a simple thing. And it may be possible to, OK. I think it's an interesting question, whether one can actually put a boundary somewhere else. And at least some interfaces can be put at places other than the equator. I know that, for example, the Wilson loop can be placed away from the equator. So I think it's an interesting question, whether one can put a boundary somewhere else. And for example, do super symmetric localization. But I don't know for sure whether one can do localization for the boundary at a more general location. So this is a choice. And this choice is nice, because the super symmetry locally looks like a B type. And I think Benny told you that near the north and the south poles of the two sphere, the super symmetry looks like a type. So the theory looks like a model. And but now, if you consider a boundary along the equator, then the super symmetry there is a B type. So if you consider, for me, the aim of this talk is to compute the Hermitian function. And so this Hermitian function, then Hermitian function gives an interesting, the Hermitian function gives an interesting coupling between A model observables at the north pole and B type observables at the equator. So let me write it equation. So just by analysis of super symmetry, it looks like the Hermitian function is of this form. So something that depends on the boundary or boundary condition. So it's a D-brain preserving B type super symmetry. So it's called B-brain. And on the north pole, we have A model. So that means that if you do not insert any operator, then it corresponds to the identity operator. The algebra of operators of topologically twisted A model is called the AC ring. So the Hermitian function appears to be computing a coupling like this, coupling a pairing like this. And I think I will come back to this later. So my goal is to compute this function function. OK, so far, I have only explained the background. And I want to tell you about the field content. So we have a vector multiplied for gauge group G. And this includes the gauge of A mu, two real scalars, sigma 1 and sigma 2. And there are gauge in lambda alpha and lambda alpha bar. So alpha takes 1 and values 1 and 2. And there is a real auxiliary field D. And then we also consider the Kairou mutiplet. And it's in representation, in representation R of G. And the fields are phi, psi, alpha, and F. So these mutiplet have already appeared in the lectures last week, I think many times. Yes. So if I put that equal to E by 2, yes, I would get these skinners, yes. But if I put gamma 2 multiplied by E, I would get real exponents with 3. I mean, how exponents disappear? So you're asking about the computation from here to here? Yeah, OK, so gamma 2 hat. Because gamma is complex matrix, and phi is also complex parameter. So if you apply complex matrix to complex parameter, I would get something real. Yes, and you're asking how to get rid of this? Yeah. Yes, this is by arithmetic gauge transformation, yeah. So we'll be interested in vector and Kairou mutiplet. So this is actually relatively complicated. OK, so now I want to say a little bit about supersymmetry transformations, but I'm not going to write all of the transformations. So for example, for the vector mutiplet, we have delta of a mu going to like minus i over 2, epsilon bar gamma mu lambda plus lambda bar gamma mu epsilon. And my convention is something like this. So for example, if I write epsilon bar gamma mu lambda, then this means that epsilon bar alpha with upper index, now gamma matrix has lower left, upper right, lower right index for the spinner. And for the spinners, the indices are raised and lowered by charge conjugation matrix. Of course, these are details, but I gave some exercises to check the supersymmetry of boundary conditions. So you are going to use some transformations like this. OK, and then there are the transformations. For the Kairou mutiplet, we have delta phi. So the transformation of the complex scalar is epsilon times psi, where the contraction rule is basically gamma removed.  Well, actually, so there is some convention dependence on the sign of the arches. And I'm choosing, I think, OK, some convention, which is actually the opposite from the paper, I think. And then, OK, there is some formula for delta f like this. OK. Excuse me, are these transformations adjusted like those on the sphere? Yes, yes, so this is exactly the transformation on the sphere, that's right. So yeah, so the hemisphere is just half of the sphere. So we are using the same background and the same transformations. Yeah, and I'm considering the boundary in two dimensions, but the story can be repeated in other dimensions, like three and four dimensions. And the people have indeed studied localization on such spaces. People have considered hemispheres in four dimensions definitely. And in three dimensions, I think people have considered S1 times two-dimensional hemisphere. So say that again. Do we have the two, both of you choose the symmetry on the hemisphere or the part of it? Part of it, part of it, that's right. Yeah, so by beta, I mean really a subalgebra of full n equals 2 comma 2. And in particular, beta subalgebra has two supercharges. And it's also possible to consider a type and a type and a b type are related by a mirror symmetry. And from four dimensions, these setups arise by the dimensional reduction of either new minima of gravity, new minima of supergravity, or the minima of supergravity. OK, now I want to write down the supersymmetry boundary conditions of the b type. So for the vector multiplied, I will consider the following. So at theta equals pi, pi over 2. So we are considering the field here. So we require that field certifies the following. So here, a1 really means, OK, I can also write a theta. And by boundary condition, we require that the field strength is 0 at the boundary. So you see that a1 is 0, but I don't do anything on a2 or a5. Well, except that, OK, essentially this is a Neumann boundary condition on a5. So this actually preserves gauge symmetry along the boundary. So this is the boundary condition I want to consider. But it's also possible to consider a boundary condition that breaks symmetry, but I'm not going to do that today. OK, so this is for the vector multiplied. Now I'm going to describe boundary conditions on the chiral mass plate. The main boundary condition on the chiral mass plate is a Neumann boundary condition on the chiral mass plate, which says that d1, pi equals 0, yi gamma 3 psi equals d1, yi gamma psi equals 0 and f equals 0. But it's also possible to consider an alternative boundary condition, which says that phi is constant, OK. I choose a constant to be 0, so phi is 0, yi gamma psi equals d1 yi gamma 3 psi equals 0, d1 hat e to the minus i phi f plus i d1 phi equals 0. OK, the appearance of e to the minus i phi may be annoying, but it can be removed by, again, our asymmetry gauge transformation. So to some extent, this is a matter of convention. So if you go to a different gauge, this disappears, and then the boundary condition looks more natural. Yeah, so one of the exercises for this lecture is to check that these boundary conditions, actually, in flat space, the flat space version of these boundary conditions preserves beta supersymmetry. So that's one of the exercises. OK. Are these boundary conditions elliptic? I think that was consistent with the equation of motion. And Schumer was reading this as to the other issue. I see. OK, so the way it's written, these are not elliptic, I think, because I think imposing these differential boundary conditions on the fermions is, I think, too strong if you try to formulate variational principle. Yeah, but for supersymmetry localization, this is enough. And that's what I'm doing. Yes. So somehow, it's hard to do the perturbation theory at all for the passing difference, but you can never rest localize to find the equation. Yeah, so I think in this case, you can actually just remove the, well, I think for the normal, I think you can just remove this part. Yeah. The thing that, so for example, if you have this equation, then you can do supersymmetry transformation, and I think you find this. Right, so yeah, so if you want to do perturbation theory, then you need to be more careful about the boundary condition. OK. Now, OK, so these are the boundary conditions. OK, any more questions? OK. So these are the boundary conditions, and I'm still in the process of defining the theory. So defining the theory on the manifold with boundary, yes. I don't have what? I don't. I get AC ring? Yeah. Yeah, so the question is the following. So I wrote that the Hemi-Seer-Valscombe function equals the overlap between the B-brain state and the identity operator in the AC ring. And but she pointed out that I only have a gate theory, and I don't have supersymmetry, so how does it make sense? So that's the question, right? Yeah, so did I? Well, what I meant was that was a rough equality, and actually, I probably should have put a question mark whether that equation is true or not. And yeah, I was going to mention it later, but I can tell you now. So we are considering a gate theory, and in some cases, so with the right matter content and charge assignment, this gate theory can flow to super conformal field theory. And then let's see. Historically, once you get the formula for the Hemi-Seer-Valscombe function, from no example, it was apparent that Hemi-Seer-Valscombe function could compute something called the central charge, which can also be written as the overlap between the B-brain boundary state and the identity element in the AC ring or the Ramonamon ground state. So when we wrote these papers, it was a conjecture that the Hemi-Seer-Valscombe function computes such an overlap. And more recently, I've already mentioned, there is a work by Bacchus and Plankner, which uses the super-wire anomaly to show that this conjecture is actually true. So it's not trivial. It's not trivial that the calculation in gate theory actually computes the overlap between the boundary state and the identity operator. But it can be shown independently. Yes? To be a state? Right. OK, so the question is, why is a Hemi-Seer-Valscombe function is a number rather than a state? So I think what it meant is that the path integral on a manifold with boundary can indeed represent a wave function. But in general, in quantum field theory, so it's good because I need to emphasize the general principle, in quantum field theory, we need to distinguish two kinds of boundaries. So one, I forgot the general name, but OK. One type of boundary condition supports a state, actually a normalizable state in the Hilbert space. So some type of boundary on the manifold represents a state. On the other hand, there are boundaries that are really boundaries, so these are not an intermediate state, but rather it corresponds to the end of the world. So some boundaries in quantum field theory are end of the world. And here we are, OK, actually I'm not completely sure if there is a clear distinction, but that's a general story. And here I'm considering the boundary, that is the end of the world. And in that case, an example is a d-brain in string theory. I mean, the boundary in the sense of the world sheet. So if you have a d-brain boundary condition, then you can construct a state, which is a boundary state. So it's a state, but it's not normalizable, OK? So if you have a genuine boundary in quantum field theory, then you can formally construct a state, but it's not normalizable. So if you compute a normal square, it actually diverges. So in that sense, I do not regard the Hermitian partition function as a wave function. It's more like a partition function. OK, any other question? OK. So I want to define a theory on spacetime with boundary. And in order to do that, of course, I need to specify the Lagrangian. Lagrangian and actions. I'm going to write action. Actually, yes, also. And there are two types of actions. So one is a physical action, and the other one is a localization action. And the theory is specified by the physical action. And it takes the form. So the vector-multiplet part, the chiral-multiplet part, superpotential term, topological term, and the FI parameter. OK. So basically, I think I'm going to omit giving these expressions, because they were essentially given in Benjamin's talk, I think. But there is one point. Yes? OK, good. So the only important part is the superpotential term, which looks like a FI PIW, where W is a superpotential. So it depends on phi. It looks like this. I think the remaining terms, I think most of you know. And the important thing is that if you compute the SUZI variation of the physical action, then all of it vanishes except the superpotential term. So you can, OK, yes, also. Essentially, the remaining terms can be written as SUZI exact term plus boundary term. And the boundary terms vanish by the boundary conditions. That is true for vector and chiral. OK, the state term actually needs to be super-symmetrized. And if you do that, it's super-symmetric. And the FI term is also, well, usually it's OK. On the truth here also, we use the super-symmetric version. Well, and it's super-symmetric action on the truth here. Yes, so anyway, what's important is that the superpotential, the SUZI variation of the superpotential term is not automatically 0. And this looks like epsilon gamma mu psi i 0 i w plus conjugate. So it becomes a boundary term. And this means, what does this mean? This means the following. This implies the following. So the Hamilton function function is supposed to be given by the path integral over field configurations subject to p-type boundary conditions. And the theory is defined by the physical action. And we might put localization action also. But the problem is that this does not represent a super-symmetric system because the variation does not vanish. So we need to do something about it. So this is a well-known problem. And this term is called the Werner term. And this Werner term needs to be cancelled. And in order to cancel it, we include the following term. Trace in some vector space v, path order of exponential of some version of script A, script A phi. So these are some version of Wilson loop. But this Wilson loop, so this is called the boundary interaction. And this looks like the usual super-symmetric Wilson loop, A phi plus i sigma 2 in some representation for this vector space v. And this vector space v is called the Champ-Payton. So this is familiar from string theory. Champ-Payton vector space. And it carries some representation of the gauge group, flavor group, and r-symmetry group. Let's see. And then there is a contribution corresponding to r-charge. If there is flavor symmetry, there is also twisted mass. So this is the, OK, I think I forgot to mention. Twisted mass is the scalar component for the vector-multiply, the background vector-multiply for the flavor symmetry. Well, this was explained in Beninist lectures. And now there are some terms that depend on what I call q and its conjugate q bar. And here, q is some operator that depends on phi. And it's a linear operator that maps v to v, Champ-Payton space to itself. So what I want to do is to, yeah. So the role of q is that if you compute the supersymmetry variation of the integrant, of the path integral, then the variation of the boundary interaction should cancel the random term. That's the role of the q and the boundary interaction. Let's see. What's next? No. It's actually an interesting computation. And you can, it's an interesting computation. Also, it's relatively non-trivial. And if you do it, it's actually rather long computation. And for details, you can look at the paper by Herbst, Forry, and Page from, I think, 2008, 2007 or 2008. So anyway, the upshot is that the supersymmetry variation of the superpotential term, it is in minus superpotential terms, times trace in v of p of exponential of i d phi a phi. So this is 0 if q of phi squares to the superpotential by the identity operator v. Is the statement clear? OK. Yeah, so this is the most important property of this operator q, where it's also called the Tachyon profile, where it's also called the matrix factorization. And for this, it's got to make sense. q has to obey some constraints. And OK, let me write it this way. So suppose that g is an element of the gauge group. And the flavor symmetry group, which I wrote by GF. And suppose that rho is a representation of a gauge group and the flavor group on the champeton space v. Then we need that it satisfies the following. So this is necessary for this to be symmetry. And we also need that for r symmetry, so there is a representation of r symmetry on the champeton space v. And then q has to satisfy this. By capital R, I mean the action of r symmetry on the Kairou-Mathsburg field. The sine convention here is a little strange, but this is a standard choice. So these equations need to be satisfied. And in the exercise, I give at least one example. And OK, I didn't explicitly ask you to do this, but you can also try to check. With some appropriate choice of representations, the example I give in the exercise actually satisfies this. And also I want to explain why this is called matrix factorization. So if the champeton space has a structure, so if it's z to graded, and actually it has to be z to graded, then maybe this is part of the constraint. So q has to be odd, so this is one requirement. And then we can, OK, using this convention, we can write q as block diagonal matrix with non-zero entries A and non-zero of diagonal entries A and B. And then q square equals B can be written as AB equals BA equals W times identity. So you see that, yeah, so A and B indeed give a factorization of this hormone function W, which is usually polynomial. OK, so I see. OK, so I explained the matrix factorization. Now I want to perform a localization calculation. And basically I'm going to recycle what Benini did on the two sphere. So, OK, first of all, I'm going to use the same localization action. So I'm going to omit a lot of things. I can omit a lot of things because Benini did most of the work. Yeah, so we use the same localization action. And but actually we are going to specialize. And here I'm going to consider Coulomb branch localization. Higgs branch localization should also be interesting, but it has not been done yet. So now for the vector model, remember that we require that the field strength is 0 on the boundary. So this gives a strong constraint on the localization locus. In particular, it means that, OK, so the field strength is 0 on the localization locus. Sigma 1 is 0. And then what remains is the zero model, sigma 2. So the constant model of the sigma 2. So we get the path integral reduces to a finite dimensional integral over sigma 2. And for the color market, we get f equals 0. I think f is also 0. And of course, the fermions are 0. Then we can evaluate the physical action on the localization locus. And we find that e to the minus physical action is given by e to the, OK, t times twice of sigma, OK. So I'm writing the result as if the gauge group is 1. I'm writing the result for the gauge group u n for gauge group u n. And t here, t is the complex wide FI parameter, which, OK. I think I could write 2 pi, so Benin was using xi. So I think in his convention, t would look like 2 pi xi minus i theta, theta, or theta is the topological theta angle. OK. And the boundary interaction, we also need to evaluate the boundary interaction on the localization locus. And if you do that, you find that this is given by e to the minus 2 pi i times sigma plus m, here by sigma, I really mean minus i l times sigma 2. And here m is minus l times sigma 2 times the flavor part. So this is the classical part, OK. I'm going to discuss the one loop part, one loop determinant. So the general principle is the following. So without boundary, people have already computed the one loop determinant. And the localization locus is also a specialization of the Cia case. And now, when computing the one loop determinant, we only need to contribute. We only need to keep contributions from the most. That obeys the boundary condition. So that's what we're going to do, OK. And, OK, for the Kailor multiplet with Neumann boundary condition, so this can be written as a product of weights in the matter representation and the infinite product, which is divergent. And, OK, as Benini did, we might do data function regularization and get like this. And if you have a flavor symmetry and a twisted mass, we also need to include them. But the way it enters is the same as sigma, OK. Dirichlet boundary condition. This may be a bit interesting. Again, we have a product of weights. And there is an infinite product. Now, if you do data function regularization, you get something, OK, one of gamma function, one of gamma function. But I claim that this is wrong. This is wrong, OK. So I claim that data, so this is how to read, right? Data function regularization is, OK, I say, not always correct. More precisely, OK, data function regularization does not always automatically give the correct result. And now, I'm going to give you the correct result and explain how to justify or derive it from first principle. You were correct. One loop determinant for the Dirichlet boundary condition includes extra factors. Minus 2 pi i, so very specific factors. Pi i times w times sigma, I think I need to include minus i over q times q over 2 divided by 1 minus w sigma minus i q over 2. So then why do we need to include those factors, right? So that's a crucial question, right? And there are two explanations. So one explanation which we ordinarily had in a paper was that there is a duality between Dirichlet boundary condition and Neumann boundary condition plus some boundary conditions, boundary interactions. So there is something called Atiyabot Shapiro construction of diesel brains. And there is some known duality between the boundary conditions. And in order for the one loop determinant to be consistent with such duality, we need to include these factors. But by now, I have not published it, but there is a first principle derivation of this, which is the Paris-Villard's regularization. The computation for the hemisphere has not been done, but Paris-Villard itself, I wrote a paper one year ago. So you can take a look if you're interested. So if you apply Paris-Villard's, then the ratio between Dirichlet and Neumann one loop determinant turns out to be 1 minus e to the e to the 2 pi i times w sigma plus minus i i times q over 2. And the Paris-Villard's, this preserves gauge and the flavor symmetry. So if you demand that flavor symmetry, gauge symmetry is preserved, gauge symmetry and r symmetry is preserved, then Paris-Villard's regularization gives a gauge invariant, gauge invariant of the manifestly supersymmetric regularization. And this ratio is unambiguous. It's not ambiguous. So this is a figure, and it's consistent with these expressions. Yes? So if you connect to Paris-Villard's, you already have the Paris-Villard's after a grander level before localization, or you have the Paris-Villard's afterwards. But if you add the Paris-Villard's from the outset and supersymmetric, it's not consistent. At which stage you introduce the Paris-Villard's later? Well, it's a general story, I think. So we should start from the beginning, by including the Paris-Villard ghost. But then, is it consistent with the supercharger you're using? Yes. OK. There is a supersymmetric version of Paris-Villard's. That's what I'm saying. Yes. Yes. What's the point of what's going with the data function of the definition? Yeah, so in principle, there is no reason that the data function regularization should work. OK? What I'm saying is not, again, published. But in general, you can relate the Paris-Villard's regularization, heat corner regularization, and the data function regularization by using the heat corner method. And one can check how these regularizations are compared with each other. But usually, what people have done in localization with data function regularization is not very systematic. And so I would say that, in general, there is no prior reason that the data function regularization should work. So its validity should be checked by other methods, like reality. And the relation between the data function and the Paris-Villard is clear for bosons. But for fermions and spinars, the situation is more careless. More care is necessary. And especially, in the presence of boundary, the situation is more subtle. Oh. How you got sure which one is correct and which one is wrong? Yeah, so I mean, Paris-Villard's regularization preserves the gage symmetries. So if you are interested in results that are compatible with gage symmetries, this is the correct result. But actually, OK, the no-man Dirichlet boundary condition themselves, actually, the boundary condition themselves break some other symmetries, like charge conjugation symmetry. And if you want charge conjugation symmetry, if you give more priority to charge conjugation symmetry, then you should combine some regularization method with proper counter terms. So in general, two different regularizations are related by choice of counter terms. And regularization and counter terms, their combination is the invariant thing. The physical meaning thing is the combination of regularization, UV regularization, and counter terms. And the correct choice should be made according to which symmetry you want to preserve. And if you want to preserve gage symmetry, this is the correct result. Yeah, OK. I think I want to give an expression for the vector model plate and then stop for today. So for the vector model plate, there is a product over positive roots. And again, there is an infinite product, so this alpha. Alpha is a positive root like this. And OK, for this, this functional regularization gives a consistent result. And it is like this. Yeah, so I finished giving one loop determinant. And yeah, I want to stop for today.


The Russian Volunteer Corp, R.V.C., a group saying they represent armed Russian fighters opposed to the Kremlin, claimed on Monday to have captured a Russian armored personnel carrier in Kazinka, in Russia's Belgorod region. The video shows the person purported to represent the R.V.C. placing a sticker reading R.V.C. on an armored vehicle over the Z-symbol used to identify Russian forces. In a second clip, an armored vehicle was seen in a damaged building at the Gravoron border crossing, riding on a nearby wall-red greetings from Bakhmet. Fighting in Russia's Belgorod region entered a second day on Tuesday, after a cross-border incursion of armed fighters from Ukraine.


This is the DangBei Atom, it's a brand new projector that comes in at $899, it's DangBei's latest projector and it's their first Google TV projector in their projector lineup. Let's go ahead and take a look at the design and the key specifications and let's see how this performs. Now you can see this is pretty compact, in the box you get the projector itself, you get the remote control and the power adapter with the user manual. Now let's go ahead and take a look at some of the key specifications but you can see this is very compact, very portable and it's kind of a slim design as well so it's very easy for you to take with you. Now this is 1200 ISO lumens, in translation this is equivalent to 1500 ANSI lumens and it achieves that brightness by using ALPD laser and not LED which I think is great and it's going to be really useful to use something like this especially when you have a lot of daylight coming into the room. Now this is 1080p native and it does go up to 180 inch for the maximum projection size. We're also going to be testing out the noise levels on this because it is quite compact and it's going to be very quiet. Now the remote control is pretty standard, you can see it has a Google Assistant voice control button just there at the top but one thing you'll notice it does have a Netflix button because it does have a native Netflix app that is licensed to the Dang Bay Atom which I think is great. Just on the side of the remote you'll notice there's the volume button and a red switch, the red switch button there can also adjust the focus which I think is a very nice touch as well but this does also have auto focus and auto keystone which is so convenient when you want to get up and running very quickly. So taking a closer look at the design this actually weighs only 1.3 kilograms which is super lightweight so if you want to take this with you in your backpack it's going to be very easy to do that. You can see it has a depth of field camera just there on the front on the right hand side this will allow it to do obstacle avoidance when there's something in the way of the screen and it will adjust the screen size to avoid that obstacle. Just on the back of the projector on the left hand side you have the power button then you also have one HDMI port, one USB port, one auxiliary input and the power port there just on the bottom right. At the bottom of the projector you do have a quarter 20 inch thread as well so you can mount this on a tripod or also ceiling mount this if that's something of your preference. In addition to Dolby audio support this also has HDR10 and HLG support as well so you can make sure you get the best audio experience and visual display when you are using this very premium projector. So going through the setup process was very easy I went through the Google Home setup using my phone and I was able to log into all of my apps using my phone directly through the projector as well. Let's go ahead and test the fan noise because I know that's a big topic for most people this is so silent that I can barely hear any fan noise this is less than 24 decibels so when you are going to be watching content you're not going to hear any of the interruptions from fan noises whatsoever so I think that's a very good plus side. Now there's a lot of daylight coming into this room and even then the laser projector itself with 1500 ANSI lumens makes it very decent and visible and it makes it still quite enjoyable to watch all of your content during the day. But of course I will showcase a demo video of showcasing this with daylight and also making it very dark in the room to give you an experience of using this at night time when there are no light sources in the room. OK so before we get into the demo let's go ahead and take a look at some of the settings and options so you can see here you can change the options for the screensaver you have the inputs to switch over to HDMI or USB go through picture settings so we'll just take a quick look at that right now it's on standard I do like to enjoy vivid when I am watching this in the daytime so I will select that we head over to sound likewise you can change the type of sound mode so you can go from standard movie music sport or whatever you like I have left surround sound on and system sounds so when you do navigate around the projector system you do hear those beeps and then you can go into more settings here you can go into projector settings to change the focus the image correction for the keystone you can even go into Bluetooth speaker mode so you can use the projector as a standalone Bluetooth speaker without it having to project anything so you can connect your phone and playback music directly from this and then you have various system and accessory settings as you expect with any Android TV based projector let's go ahead and play a demo video whilst I have a lot of daylight coming into the room and then I will make it black out and then showcase how great this looks if you do watch this at night time okay so you saw how bright that was especially when there's a lot of light coming into the room everything was still clear I can definitely watch my content during the daytime using this now this is 1080p native so you're restricted to watch content at 1080p if you do check out the dang bay website they do have a 4k projector which is a lot more premium called the Mars Pro if that's something you like to check out if you are on more of a budget this is actually a very good option and I can't see any faults with this and it looks as clear as any other standard LED base projector that you do get as native 4k so let's go ahead and now turn off all of the daylight coming into the room make it black out and see how even better this looks look how crystal-sharp this is it just makes it seem like it's a native TV so having a projector that looks as bright as this the colors are so vibrant you do have the HDR10 support as well I think it just is a very great option to have I can see myself enjoying all of my movies my TV shows at night time from my room using this as my only laser based TV and this is going to be such a game changer because of the size of the projector and the quality that you do get in conjunction with it I just think this is the perfect value and dang bay have done an excellent job with the atom okay so now let's go ahead and test out the audio so I'm going to play back a sample video from Dolby Atmos channel and the speakers are actually very loud so I may not go all the way up to 100% volume but nonetheless it's going to showcase how loud and how punchy the audio is and how clear the dialogue is now of course due to the size of the projector it doesn't have very high quality bass in there to get very punchy audio you may need to connect this to an external soundbar if that's something that you would like but nonetheless hopefully if you put some headphones in you get a very good idea of the clarity in the audio this is Dolby Cinema it's where the most advanced cinematic technology you've ever experienced begins this is still the Atmos the number of speakers around you no longer matters because this is the world's first object-based cinematic audio with powerful moving audio that transcends from channels to moving around you with 10-point accuracy whether the soundscape system so there we have it guys the audio I think is super clear I can really use this as a standalone speaker as well and just playing my content with this I wouldn't have any issues enjoying everything that I'm watching in conjunction with all of the video quality the audio quality I think this is actually a very very good option for anyone that's looking for a laser-based projector that's not just very large and bulky but also very compact it's pretty much has everything you need it and on top of that having a licensed Netflix app I think is also great and working off of a Google TV platform and keeping everything in sync with your phone I think that's just going to be even more valuable than most people realize so let me know in the comments below what you think of the projector is this something that you would consider buying make sure to check the link in the description to find out all the latest information of the dang bay atom and as always if you have any comments or questions about this drop them down below if you enjoyed this video make sure to like make sure to subscribe and I will see you all at the next one


And moving on to other parts of Africa, the head of the African Union's Observer Mission and former Nigerian President Olusheku Obasanjo says despite some handicaps, the parliamentary election in Ethiopia is going reasonably well. Obasanjo said the general impression is that this election in spite of some handicaps is a lot better than the previous one in terms of opening the space for electoral participation. Obasanjo, Olusheku Obasanjo, said that the country has introduced transparent ballot boxes for the first time. More than 37.4 million registered voters to elect 547 federal parliament members in this election. I've met leadership of the state's country on the highest level. the general impression given is that this election, in spite of the handicaps, and I will talk about the handicaps in a moment, has been a lot better than elections in the past. In terms of opening more space for election participation, the handicaps of course are understandable.


Okay, very good morning. It is Monday the 20th of September. I hope you had a great weekend in terms of this briefing I'm quite excited to be honest because there's not only quite a lot coming out this week We've got the likes of the FMC meeting on Wednesday the Bank of England on Thursday got the Canadian elections happening today But overnight in Asia we've had some market closures in lights of mainland China in Japan and some other areas But Hong Kong was open and that stock index was down close to five percent ever grand The property company very much in focus at the moment was down 19 percent overnight We've got a bit of a negative then set up for the open of UK European trade this morning So gonna kick things off there gonna talk about as well potential halt or at least a delay in the US spending bill What's the latest on Capitol Hill update on German politics Iran as well There's a few news items to be aware of so let's get straight to it and look at the charts to kick things off And the dollar firmer this morning with some of the prevailing risk-off sentiments. So some more relative classic Reaction the cross markets to reflect that General sentiment this morning the Dixie trading up two tenths of one percent both major currency pairs top left Euro dollar and cable under a bit of pressure Cable underperforming that is down about 40 pips to the 17 pips lost seen in euro dollar at the moment And we'll talk about the UK in a moment having a bit of an energy crisis Which could well impede growth prospects going forward in the UK? But we'll get to that in a moment as I said Otherwise equity index futures under pressure this morning and really I wanted to look at the S&P 500 from a technical perspective Just briefly you can see here quite an aggressive Downward trend that we've seen through the APAC session and as Europe has stepped into the market Taking the baton on and further pushing prices lower this morning But take a look at the daily candlestick charts and you'll see a very meaningful break here The blue line I've got here is the 50 DMA and you can see on some prior occasions Here going back to when we were trading in mid-August around this point here We had a more of a concrete break if you like at that level, but quickly bounced off the trend line here And so a rising trend line for March's price activity with the 50 DMA has been really quite critical for the S&P 500 from a technical perspective and as you can see here from the reopening of trade We've gapped aggressively down from that price point as to where we're trading at the moment So does leave the S&P a little bit vulnerable for further downside down to those mid-August lows that was seen at 43 47 3 quarters We're trading about 30 points above that at the moment a pullback down to that level Would put us in close proximity to around a 5% pullback from the all-time highs It was seen at the beginning of the month which of course a lot of the talk in media has been about It's been a very long time since we've had a 5% pullback in the US equities So technically there's a bit of room there So it'd be interested to see how the US Deemed this China contagion situation from Evergrande when they start to come in and certainly a bit of a sour note to Proceedings this morning in the UK European Open in the Nasdaq equally So there's a technical area on the daily chart that's worth Considering so here just looking again this goes back this trend line till September of 2020 And so this marking out then flashing or fleshing out there at the all-time high that we saw in earlier this month but as we pull back here just going back to the peak in late July and Early August and we're pretty much in close proximity to that rectangle era of now resistance turn support at 15 169 70 We're trading at 15 208 at the moment in the Nasdaq 100 future. So that's a keen level I've got my eye on today any breach of that then certainly could see some quite aggressive downward Continuation towards 15,000 here in the Nasdaq perhaps even beyond at 15,000 was the peak of the previous all-time High we had in mid-July would be the obvious target down here And if that was to materialize then we could well see that Lower target we just looked at in the S&P be achieved in today's session So given what I've discussed a crude oil seen a little lower Just targeting down around the bottom end of its range that was seen towards the back end of last week's Session and so we're just testing around the 71 dollar handle on the downside at the moment gold Moderately higher up about three dollars and the US 10 year is up about three and a half ticks in that risk off General at multi-asset class move. So let's get straight to it and talk about the news and what's going on And as you can see here China Evergrande very much in focus and the reason for that is because interest payments on two evergrande Notes come due on Thursday So just to give you a bit of an idea about size 83 and a half million dollars of interest on an eight and a quarter percent five-year dollar bond and 36 million coupon on an onshore bond and so Just despite the the kind of details there the key test here Essentially is whether the developer can continue to meet his obligations or not simple as that Investors are pricing in a high likelihood of default with one of the notes training at less than 30% Of face value at the moment evergrande is also scheduled to pay interest on bank loans today With a one-day grace period So given all of this Hong Kong shares Tumbled as I mentioned the Hangsang was closed down to five percent Evergrande themselves were down nearly twenty percent. There was also reports circulating suggesting Beijing could widen its crackdown on private industries In Hong Kong to the city's real estate firms as well Just adding more weight to that move and the absent absence as well of stock connect So if you're not aware of what stock connect is it just basically connects then the financial centers of Hong Kong with Mainland China, but the stock connect trade or lack of it overnight Added to the lack of demand as Mainland China, of course, was closed for the Mid-Autumn Festival, but Hong Kong open and so Closures elsewhere were observed in Japan South Korea and Taiwan as well overnight kind of exacerbated some of the move Making it more pronounced. So definitely this is still one of the main talking points at the moment And obviously the potential for more conversations about contagion and so on and so forth The other thing as well is we continue to see that senior Democrats They said late yesterday that they'll like me to scale back Joe Biden's three and a half trillion social spending bill While passage of the linked bipartisan infrastructure bill may now slip past the deadline, which is due for this time next week In addition to that not forgetting Democrats also face a looming October deadline to fund the government and raised a federal debt Sealing as well. And so there's just a lot of obstacles coming now on the fiscal side with some of this Chinese situation and contagion risk Happening all seemingly at the same point in time. So equities just having a bit of a rough time of it for the time being other things to be aware of from Angela Merkel and German elections are happening this weekend on Sunday. I'm not going to dwell too much on this I did share a few things on my Twitter account this weekend If you want to have a bit more of a deeper read about it But let me give you the overview Angela Merkel's conservatives narrowed the Social Democrat Party's lead by one percentage point in a weekly poll Though they remain in second place for the time being so support for Merkel's CDU and its Bavarian affiliate The CSU increased to 21% and the SPD were unchanged at 26% in the latest poll for the Bill Amson stack Schultz the CDU CSU candidate Armin Laschet and contender Burbach they faced off in their last televised debate last night Schultz is then facing parliamentary hearings today About a raid on the finance ministry last week by prosecutors investigating how a ministry unit handled Money laundering warnings from banks at the Institute to see whether or not that has any impact on His favorability just going into the final run now ahead of that election happening at the weekend So this isn't something moving the euro right now The German elections will become more and focus as we get towards the back end of the week And for the reopening of trade this time next week The other brief thing I wanted to mention was Iran and the reason why I wanted to mention Iran briefly is they may hold talks and Restoring the 2015 nuclear accord with well-powers on the sidelines of the UN National or General Assembly Happening this week informal consultations intended to set the date for a seventh round of negotiations May unfold at the Vienna conference. So it's not like we're looking for any type of breakthrough This week far from it or we're looking for as a commitment to Re-initiate those talks that were already ongoing that have been put on the sidelines for the last couple of months All right. Well, let's get into a couple of the week's main events on the calendar the calendar today is relatively quiet, but there's kind of four things I want to talk about the CAD election RBA minutes the FOMC and the Bank of England and And so this is quite a neat graphic put together by our friends at the Dutch Bank ING so again all of these graphics that I'm showing in this briefing you can find on my Twitter account if you want to have Them as a crib sheet to hand a highly recommended so Justin Trudeau has hoped to cash in on his popular support and Gain an outright majority after calling today's snap election opinion polls Suggest he could be disappointed Fiscal stimulus plans and energy pipeline policy are set to be the main kind of market themes But a workable majority should ultimately be the key to allow the CAD to benefit from What are relatively good fundamentals at the moment and on this crib sheet? You can have and have a look at the most likely outcome to the least likely and the consequent impact that this can have then on dollar CAD and Expected consequences in terms of actual policy in itself. So feel free to check that out Otherwise the RBA minutes they're happening tonight. So I'll be talking about them this time tomorrow in the briefing And a speech by the assistant governor Bullock will shed more light on any concerns Over the financial system under the pandemic and the minutes of the banks most recent meeting may offer more details on the debate over tapering plans In light of the recent extension of lockdowns that we've had of Australia's still trying to get on top of the latest Delta spread that we've seen in that country One of the main things that this week, of course, is your main man Jay Powell and of course quite a Eagley anticipated event Federal Reserve officials are expected to send a clear signal of their plans to begin phasing out the pandemic era era stimulus as early as November On Wednesday night the details will be accompanied by a fresh set of projections for growth unemployment inflation, of course, we get the dot-plots of what the Fed officials think about where rates will be and that kind of median dot-plot curve will be looked at very closely Jay Powell the Fed chair said last month That he believes a move to reduce or taper those purchases by the end of the year would be Appropriate if the economy continues to evolve as expected and on that point You know, there's a couple of interesting graphics here that is also sharing over the weekend This is having a look at the jobs That were lost on the onset of the pandemic going back to the beginning of 2020 and then the gradual Closing of that gap looking at the headline change in on farm payrolls And as we know that figure has repeatedly kind of disappointed in that regard and so therefore hence the title It's been a very slow crawl to Substantial and the Fed had said it wanted to see progress in reclaiming the 10 million jobs still missing Because of the pandemic as of December before changing its bond purchase program And that has been a little bit slower than perhaps They might or the Hawks might have wanted to have seen and hence the reason why although we might get hints this week The actual commencement of tapering might not be until November of this year the other thing then is about Downside surprises have kind of complicated the Fed's task a little bit And the reason for that is that after persistently coming in stronger than expected for the best part of a year Data in the US economies performance has fallen notably short of Economist expectations in the course of the last two months And that in combination with the lack of Acceleration in real consistency in that labor market pickup and also now of course having seen inflation Showing signs of a victory for team transitry enough to put the Fed off of any immediate decisions over tapering for the time being Comment here that I saw a November move would give the Fed only one more jobs report to assess Before making its decision while waiting until December gives the central bank time to pass both the September and October job gains So again could be quite interesting thing if some Fed officials might feel that they want to see more Validation in that jobs figure to be a little bit more robust before making those calls Another dud report could postpone the early timeline as according to the chief economist at JP Morgan Although he did go on to say it would take something quite bad to knock the Fed off track And I do totally agree with that statement for this point in time again We're not talking about permanent delay of taper. It's just about whether or not it comes in November Or some subtle tweaks towards a month or two thereafter Next thing that is the Bank of England. This is going to be happening on Thursday Investors of course be watching this quite closely given the uptick Much more stronger than expected that we saw in UK inflation most recently in the U.N. CPI However, I must stress though that that's been relatively well telegraphed by the bank and so I don't think causes too much cause for concern Following the latest data and Bailey could indicate that the time for interest rate rise is drawing closer by Signalling that officials are comfortable with current market expectations, which are a little bit priced more aggressively Then generally what the Bank of England been communicating also as far as the spectrum of MPC members is concerned This will now meeting include Catherine Mann and Hugh Pill the two new MPC members Picking up putting us back up to a full team now Into this latest meeting given the departing of Andrew Haldane One thing that has obviously cropped up. You've probably read a lot of the weekend is that UK energy companies are seeking a massive Government bailout as a surge in gas and electricity prices is threatened to push suppliers out of business This is happening then a distinct pass-on effect down the sharp price hikes for consumers So if you're interested to see whether or not as well that might be another Factor that impedes some of the more short-term outlook for the UK economy and thus Keeps the the Bank of England in a fairly passive mindset at least for the time being Both at ease events the FMC and the Bank of England I will be covering these both live when they happen on the amplify me YouTube channel So don't forget to subscribe to the channel if you haven't done so already hit the bell icon You'll get notified as soon as I go live and these are totally interactive sessions I'll cover it and analyze everything in real time, and I would love to take some questions while we're doing it And that is it I'm not going to go any further than that if you'd like more detailed rundown of any of the graphics as I said or just a rundown in text form of The week ahead then you can find it here Otherwise gonna let you guys get on with things feel free to leave me any questions on the video and have a good day And a good week ahead. Thanks very much


good showing for the for the for the live guys to 79 a Mario Cooper you think they should both be able to play at some point I understand why they're why they're you know at odds at loggerheads now but I think at some point they're gonna have to work together and here is easy E that's how he signs it easy E it's consistent Miami that's gonna go to Victor but at the same time I how long do you think live lasts you know I mean I don't I don't know any of my golf sicko friends who are watching live on the CW or the CW app some of the elements of live are kind of interesting I do kind of like the team aspect of it maybe PJ should sell that idea for a few tournaments I do like the team aspect of it there are some other stuff that's pretty fun but no one's really watching it Devin McPherson 35 will there be and I know that the the money supply is somewhat endless but I mean you know at the same time it's also a business you know I mean I suppose they do but at the same time you know I think I think it's also a business to they just don't want to dump money into it your business people they just can't keep paying players hundred million dollars for like zero return how long can that how long is that sustainable but yeah I mean I guess but I mean even if you're a billionaire though Scott wouldn't you just let me get these randomizer said if you're a billionaire wouldn't you just be like I'll just invest in an F1 team or something like that which I guess they do already all right first everyone gets a shot at the point that includes everybody so that's one list the other list is for the money right so the rules are right here if you buy two teams or if you one teams as long as you have two teams on the list that's one entry four teams two entries six teams three entries so on and so forth name on top of those entries after the randomizer winner take off $500 a break credit so let's alphabetize let's make this easy let's alphabetize by your first names right here so Aaron bought two teams that's an entry all right Chris bought four teams that's two entries oh check that Chris one teams to those count as well that's an extra entry Chris that's three entries so six teams three entries Devin one two teams that's an entry Jay only has one Karen got two teams that's an entry Mike only has one Scott one five teams for the purpose of the promo four count that's two entries Serenity got two teams that's an entry Tristan got two teams that's an entry or no check that Kristen got Tristan got five teams for the purpose of the promo for entry four teams two entries Victor bought four teams one two teams that's six entries six teams three entries all right so I got Aaron I got Chris I got Devin Karen Scott Serenity Tristan Tristan's two and Victor's three all right so that's a total of 14 that's a one in 14 chance at winning a $500 a break credit one dice roll for both lists fingers crossed good luck everybody it's gonna be three and a three six the hard way this is for the 900 points which is a hefty amount of points as well one two three four five and six so after six times name on top is is Michael there you go Michael congrats to you after six times three and a three 900 points going your way that's a great amount of points all right now $500 a break credit on the line three and a three winner take all $500 break credit name on top after six fingers crossed good luck everybody one two three four five and six and final time after six Tristan congrats to you $500 a break credit going your way appreciate you appreciate everybody getting into this pretty solid break here's a quick little recap all card ships all the stuff that you saw that's to 10 you'll be getting there the 900 points right there there you go everybody that's a break from jasmine's case breaks calm you can see it right right on our logos right here thanks for watching thanks for breaking with us I'm Joe I'll see you next time for the next one bye bye to put a bow on the lift stuff I think now that they're this is year two I want to say I think they've already started like because they did some cool stuff where they like paid they pay like the cat he's like a salary instead of a percentage of winnings or something like that they did some cool stuff like that house them in the same hotels and blah blah blah you know but apparently they started cutting back on all those like little perks and they're running into a some of the golfers have been running into a little bit of resistance by live when they're like hey I have the sponsor commitment to do this tournament that conflicts with this live tournament can I go and they're like no look at the contract look how much we're paying you no no no exceptions so some of those perks have started to start to not be there there's been some rumblings about about hey some people are looking to go I don't know how this part work how would if Brooks Kepka basically who's intimated that maybe if he was completely healthy and you that he was gonna be healthy that he might not have made the decision that he made even though he says obviously he's fine with it of course he would be he's being well compensated and I think he's fine with this decision but no I wonder if he if he'd be among the first to to come back but then again I mean I think he's fine with it actually as long as he can just play a majors but once that's once that's in once that's a problem due to world rankings and stuff like that then I think that'll come to a head alright so Tristan got the money let's send that before I forget I don't know it'll be interesting to see how it all how it all plays out I just don't because I mean how we feel about it from a you know a morality perspective whatever that conversation we've done enough on that but now it's just like how how can these how do these two tours exist if at all I don't think we're gonna have an answer to that until after I mean I haven't followed this too closely after the case right I mean they're suing and live is suing PGA and PGA is countersuing I think so I think I don't think that's not gonna be resolved in years so then after whatever the resolution is there then I suppose they'll figure out whether they can coexist or not but as it stands now I mean well the rules are the rules of the rules I don't think they can just make start making exceptions willingly so those are the rules they left for a different tour they can't they can't double dip on both tours that's it I agree with that the majors except for the players well the players isn't a major but all the majors right I think except for the US Open maybe are all non PGA sanction events so that's why they're able to show up so I want to say that they knew what they were getting into but I get the feeling sometimes that I feel like there was a little bit of a bait and switch I think I mean obviously the money's money helps soften that blow but I get the feeling there that some golfers you know and all the golfers come from different backgrounds right and different education levels and different levels of business savvy and I almost want to say that some of them I think were hoodwinked not hoodwinked let's that's that's that's not how I want to put it not even bait and switch I just kind of think they didn't read the fine print they just kind of saw dollar signed they're like yeah where do I sign and I think they're like don't worry don't worry don't worry we'll figure out you'll be you'll still be able to play majors you'll still be able to get OWG our points you'll still be able to play don't worry don't worry don't worry we'll figure it out it will make it work it's gonna happen trust our lawyers trust our guys we'll figure it out the tour will want to work with us this and that I think they kind of got that and then and then I think they're like wait so when this gonna happen I thought this was already in the works it almost feels like a little like it almost kind of feels like a start it is a startup it feels like a startup I like Silicon Valley startup where they're just like yeah yeah we'll give you stock options we've got all the tech we got the program and we got the engineers don't worry don't worry don't worry you know we'll get the funding we'll you know we'll do a kind of fake until you make it sort of thing and once people realize this is a great product and everything's gonna fall into place and we'll all be vindicated yeah the older guys listen I get it you know if the Ian polters of the world yeah but if you're a younger guy or if you're a guy that you know that you're never gonna if it's like Chase Kepka Brooks' brother and you and you're like I could get a tour card but I'm ever gonna make as much as what live is gonna give me for playing just the regular tours how many cuts am I gonna make on the PG tour I mean so there's there's that too I feel like there's you know there's like some of those players who are like who have the self-awareness to realize that they might not be the top 100 golfers in the world and you're gonna be missing more cuts than you're making on a sport that is lonely there's a lot of a mental grind too for just doing that doing that sport grinding out from week to week if you're not one of the top guys and you're barely making any money alright so we're gonna call it a night here but good to be back ladies and gentlemen good to be back I'm glad we got this this break knocked out a little bit later a night got to give away that break credit listen we're a little I'll be honest with you unless we hit the ground running we're a little behind on getting some of those promo breaks done now last time Nick Jassy was nice enough to give give us an extension a day extension I don't know if that's gonna happen again this time we can't count on that to happen all the time sometimes he does it sometimes he doesn't I don't know I don't make that call so as far as I know we're gonna be pushing for that all that to finish by the end of the night tomorrow now these two breaks right oh we did knock this out so these two breaks I mean we should be able to do it these two breaks should be pretty easy to fill right triple threads the fillers and the absolute no fillers the tough work is gonna be that high-end basketball mixer but the mixer itself is worth it and the cherry on top potentially winning some money as well even if you're just part of the filler and you don't even win mixer spots you're still part of the promo check out the details Jassy's case breaks.com now thanks LBC have a good night man so as I always like to say when we close out the night listen we don't stream 24 hours a day but the website is open 24 hours day and really it's all about momentum right if you buy a few spots before you go to bed the East Coasters are gonna wake up in three or four hours right the early birds on the East Coast will wake up and they're gonna start buying spots before they go to work we see the orders from the East Coasters in the morning so we know it happens and the West Coast will be waking up in a few hours after that right they're buying spots they're placing orders they're like man I saw those spots numbers go down from when I went to bed when I woke up it's a lot lower so they're gonna start buying spots Michael Jassy's we're doing we're going live a little bit earlier Michael Jassy will pop on on Monday a few hours earlier than we normally have been we're gonna do this a little more often right at least five nights out of the seven we'll be going live early right so by the time they go we might be able to do a break right then and there that warms up the room that gets the room feeling good feeling hot people have hits already banked I'll pop in I'll tag in three o'clock Pacific six o'clock Eastern and we do this craziness all over again till around this time of night seven nights a week that's how we do it so Jassy's case breaks calm and you know and this is a low pressure time see other way instead you're just gonna have me badgering you about breaks right but while I'm not on air this is a perfect time to just take a little take your time go through all the breaks in a leisurely way read the description see what's available check some checklist you know do your research see if it's a break you want to get into low pressure right it's just you just you in the website just hanging out figuring out what you want to do and then buy a spot or two let's see what happens the next day alright thanks everybody good to see it good to be back for my weekend join Michael Jassy early noon LA time three o'clock p.m. east coast time and then I'll tag in a few hours after that thank you very much everyone have a great night sleep tight we'll see you tomorrow


Can I use a cat6 cable instead of a cat5? Firstly, the modern standard for cat5 is cat5e, which stands for cat5 enhanced. This forms part of the current structured twisted pair cabling options which include cat5e, cat6, cat6a, cat7, cat8. The question therefore should be which is better suited to my requirements, cat5e or cat6 cabling. You can use a cat6 cable instead of a cat5e cable in almost all situations. The question is do you wish to or even need to? All of the above data cabling standards work in a very similar way regarding how the cable and connectors are constructed. It is only in cat7 and cat8 that the connectors change slightly. The main difference between cat5e cables and cat6 cables is the construction of the cable. The modules and patch panels pretty much look identical. The cable construction with cat6 usually has an additional plastic spacer through the middle of the cable to get the four copper pairs separated to reduce noise interference between the pairs. This is the only time we have seen where a cat5e cable had to be used instead of a cat6 cable. The situation was inside a laboratory where cat6 cables couldn't be used as pathogens could potentially move along a broken sheath of a cable. The central plastic separator would be the cause of this as the pathogens could move the length of the cable and outside the sealed clean areas. Below we compare cat5e cabling and cat6 cabling. Our cat6 cable and cat5e cable connectors the same. Yes, cat6 and cat5e cables typically use the same type of connectors. These are commonly known as RJ45 connectors. These connectors have eight pins and are designed to terminate four sets of twisted pair cables, thus allowing them to be connected to various network devices. The RJ45 connectors used in both cat6 and cat5e cables have the same physical dimensions and pinout configuration. This means that cat6 and cat5e cables can be plugged into the same network devices using the same connectors. Data cable compatibility. However, it's important to note that while the connectors may be the same, the performance of the cable itself is different between cat6 and cat5e. Cat6 cables have the same connectors as cat5e cables. These are referred to as RJ45 connectors. Therefore, they can physically connect to the same network devices such as PCs, switches, routers, wireless access points, CCTV cameras, VoIP telephones, access control, audio visual, network, cabling network speed. Cat6 cables are designed to support higher network speeds and have stricter specifications for cross-door and noise reduction compared to cat5e cables. Cat6 cables are designed to support higher network speeds than cat5e cables. So, while the connectors are compatible, using a cat6 cable with cat5e specifications will not provide the full performance capabilities of cat6. Thus, any copper cabling system will only ever be as good as the weakest part of the link. With regards to transmission speed, the bandwidth of a cat6 cable is 250 MHz in comparison to only 100 MHz in a cat5e cabling network. Both cables have a standardized network speed of 1 gigabit. However, cat6 is capable of 10 gigabit transmission up to 55 meters. Therefore, that extra headroom might be desired even with a 1 gigabit network. Cable length. Both cat5e and cat6 cables have a maximum recommended length of 90 meters permanent link, and 100 meters direct link for reliable data transmission. This is the distance all copper cabling standards are tested and ratified at. As mentioned cat6 is capable of higher transmission speeds, such as 10 gigabit at 55 meters but it isn't a ratified standard. Therefore, when installing any type of network cabling, it is important to keep to this limit to ensure signal quality, and minimize potential data errors or performance issues. Network, cabling cost. Cat6 cables are typically more expensive than cat5e cables, due to their enhanced performance and construction. On a like-for-like manufacturer cat6 cabling is on average around 20-25% more expensive. Therefore, you should consider the specific requirements of your network before choosing between the two. On a full installation, the difference will depend on the overall number of cables, difficulty of installation, the labour time involved, access equipment, containment. The more non-data cabling material elements, there are on a project the close the average cost between cat5e and cat6 becomes as the set costs take up a larger part of the overall payout. Containment requirements. The central plastic core of a cat6 cable contributes to an overall larger diameter in the cable. When individual cables are compared, there isn't a large distance between a cat5e and cat6 Ethernet cable. However, when these cables are put into large looms or bunches the difference in overall size makes a big difference. There is also the issue of the cat6 cables needing a slightly bigger bending ratio, and therefore tighter corners require larger room for the cables to fit. If these cables are to be put into a certain existing containment or within a set space, the overall size might be a very important consideration. For example, if you have existing dado trunking and the expected number of cat6 cables won't fit, it may be better to install cat5e cabling. Thus, you save the cost and disruption of installing new containment by choosing a different cable. However, the first consideration should also be what performance my network requires. In summary, if your network infrastructure supports higher speeds, and you're looking for future proofing or better performance, using cat6 cables can be beneficial. However, if your network operates at lower speeds and you don't require the additional capabilities of cat6, then using cat5 cables is a viable and cost-effective option. For further assistance or a free survey, please email or call on the details below, and click like and subscribe if you have enjoyed this video.