So my name is Mark Allen. I have computer difficulties.  The thing I'd like to talk to you about today is values of beta may give rise to DOM. And this is probably one of the most obscure and strange air messages that's ever made it into an operating system. We're going to talk about the history of that operating system and also why this air message exists and a little bit about the aesthetics and ethics of Unix. All right. So let's get going. Hopefully this will work. So this is what it all started with. I mean, not literally the slide, but the actual display of what's on the slide. I know you can't see it on the live stream, but that's cool. Anyway, what this is showing is a game window, a game written in 1969 that was played on a GE635. GE635 was this really old computer that was massively expensive in the day. And it was used for development of this operating system called Multix. We're going to talk more about what Multix is in a little bit. But for right now, just understand that this game is a game that was written by this person, whose name is Ken Thompson. Ken Thompson won the ACM Touring Award in 1983, along with this guy, who's Dennis Ritchie. And together, these men collaborated on an operating system called Unix, which you may have heard about. Unix actually originated in 1969 after GE decided, or I'm sorry, after Multix was pulled out of by Bell Labs. Both Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson worked at Bell Labs. And they were involved with the Multix projects. Ken Thompson went to the University of California, Berkeley in the mid-60s. And Dennis Ritchie went to Harvard in the mid-60s. And this was a project at MIT and also a collaboration with General Electric. And that's why they were using General Electric computers. By the way, did you know General Electric manufactured computers in the 60s? They did. So they worked on this project called Multix. And Multix was supposed to be the super advanced operating system. And the reason the phone company was interested in developing it was because it was going to be massively a multi-user, massively concurrent. And when I say massive, I mean massive for the day. We're talking about users of like 25 concurrent sessions or something like that. But the point is that they were trying to build an operating system that could scale up to the needs of the phone switching network, which at the time was mostly mechanical. Digitization was something that had been on the radar for a long time. And they finally felt like with transistors and multi-programming and some other disciplines that came out of the late 60s that they'd have a chance of digitizing the phone network, making it completely electronic. That part succeeded, but Multix did not. So Bell Labs pulled out of Multix because it was failing pretty badly, wasn't achieving the kind of progress that Bell Labs felt like it ought to. And so these two gentlemen, Dennis Richie and Ken Thompson, had to go find a different computer to play their game on. And they found this one. This is a PDP7. How many people in the audience have ever used like a Timex Sinclair or a TI-994A? OK, just old people. That's fine. It's cool. How many of you have used an HP graphing calculator or a TI graphing calculator? Awesome. So you have used a computer that is more powerful than this one. So this computer in its day cost about $25,000. And it had 4K of main memory. But the reason that Ken Thompson liked it was because no one else was using it. And it also had a tube display, which means that they could show the graphics that I showed you on the very first slide. So he could write his game. Now, the game of space travel was really interesting. What he did was model the planet's gravity. And you had to pilot a spaceship and land on the planet. And all the planets in the solar system that you could land on were modeled in the game. So you could pretend to land on things like Pluto. Or you could go to Venus. Or you could go to Phobos or Deimos. Those are the Martian moons. Anyway, since there was only 4K of main memory, he had to write all this in assembly language. And that was kind of a bummer. And so he said, hey, they're coming out with digital equipments coming out with this new computer. It's this one. It's a PDP-11. And it actually will take up to 256K of main memory. So again, if you've used a graphing calculator, you've used a computer that's better than this. When they got a PDP-11, it cost $100,000, which is a lot of money. And in today's money, just so you know, that's about a half a million dollars. Now, GE had, I'm sorry, Bell Labs had just pulled out of Multics and they had no interest in spending half a million dollars on writing a new operating system and buying a computer for Ken Thompson to play games with. So they needed a lever. They needed some way to get that money from the management. And their lever was that they had written this really interesting application called runoff. Now runoff you may be familiar with in its current incarnation. It's actually a package that still exists on your OS X systems today. It's probably packaged as groff, G-R-O-F-F. That's the GNU runoff. It actually can read, if you wanna blow your mind sometime, I'm gonna show you the historical UNIX Archive GitHub repo. You can go to that repo and pretty much use groff on any trough formatted document that was published 45 years ago and it'll still format correctly on your terminal today. So runoff was this really old program that was written originally for CTSS, which is another old time-sharing system I don't have time to go into today. It was ported to UNIX by Robert Morris, who was also at Bell Labs, is a pretty famous computer scientist. Google him sometime if you're super bored. And then later they got a photo typesetter. And so this guy named Joe Asana wrote or translated Roff into Assembler so that he could write, do photo typesetting with this macro package, this language. And then after Asana actually passed away in 1977, Brian Kernigan rewrote Roff in C and added EQN and table and pick and some other things that you might not be familiar with unless you do a lot of typesetting typesettings. But it's pretty interesting and pretty fascinating. I wanted to mention here a super quick aside. One really interesting thing about EQN is it's a package for typesetting equations and scientific literature. And it was co-written by Lorinda Cherry, yeah, who is a recently well-known computer scientist and was at Bell Labs at the time. And she and Brian Kernigan worked together to build this package. And there's a really fascinating paper about it that you can still read called typesetting papers for mathematical equations. Look it up, you can Google it, it's very cool. So they had users now. So the idea was we're going to use UNIX as a platform to typeset patent applications. And the management at Bell Labs was more than happy to give them $100,000 to do that. So they got their PDP-11. All right, so now it's time to tell you a little bit more about this strange air message. Sorry for the long discursion. We need it all the background, promise me. Okay, so we're at the very top of this chart. You can see over here, it might be a little small if you're in the back, but basically there's V1, which is this really, really ancient version of UNIX, which still had Roth in it. It was all written in assembly. Around version four in 1973 it was all rewritten in C and that brings us to version six, which is kind of where the arrow is trying to point at. Version six is also written in C. If you've used UNIX before, you would feel very comfortable on a system six system, even though it's 45 years old. So we finally get two values of beta and may give rise to DOM. All right, so first of all, where does this come from? Well, the story is, and again, this is in the references at the end of the slide deck, the story is that one day Ken Thompson came into the lab where they worked and there was all this weird stuff that was on the photo type setter and one of the things that they had printed out was this values of beta may give rise to DOM. Well, why am I saying beta instead of beta? Because I'm not British, this last I checked anyway. And the interesting story was, is that they worked with another person in the lab whose name is Doug McElroy and he's responsible for putting the pipe into UNIX. If so, if you ever use pipes, that's where that came from. He was experimenting with computer voice.  How many of you have seen war games? Yeah, so you know that in that movie, the computer talks and it talks like this. It has this really mechanized voice. Anyway, they thought that this phrase was really funny. It obviously came from some kind of patent application or something is a half a phrase and the exclamation point came from this editor that they were using called Ed. Now, Ed is a line-oriented editor and it's sort of like the great, great, great, great grandparents of VI and Vim. So if you only had a typewriter to enter stuff into a computer, you would have used a line-oriented text editor like Ed. Anyway, when Ed had a syntax error who put this exclamation point at the end of your line and that's where the exclamation point came from. But anyway, they put this sentence into the computer synthesizer and it said, values of beta may give rise to DOM. And they thought that was the most hilarious thing that they'd ever seen or heard. So it went into version six and this is where it is. It's actually in the move program. If you try to move a file that starts with dot, dot remember is the sort of parent of a directory. If you try to move dot into some other name, it'll actually tell you that values of beta will give rise to DOM. But my other favorite error message from this era is this one. It's like, what? So if you tell move to move a file that it does itself, it'll just output some question marks and go, what? They didn't have Unicode then, so they couldn't do the little gesture guy. But there's some other things that in system six are a little bit weird. This is probably the most famous comment of all time. This is a part of the Unix kernel from system six. So if you don't want to read a really long textbook, you can read the system six kernel. It's about 40K. It's about 10,000 lines of code. It sounds like a lot, but really compared to Linux, which is about 1.2 million lines of code, it's not that much. All right, so this came from Lion's Commentary on Unix. It's a very famous text from a long time ago. I was seven years old then, eating cereal and watching Scooby-Doo. But anyway, this comment says, you are not expected to understand this. What? So I mentioned this came from a text called commentary. So let's see what the commentary says. The comment that begins here is not encouraging. We'll return to this again. Okay, let's see what that says. The question is if these values stored in UUSave 2284, the same values as URSave in line 281, how do they get to be different? That's a pretty legitimate question. Presumably, that's what you're not meant to understand. So it offers a tip, which is, hey, you should check out this thing called xSwap. Well, more about xSwap at the end of the, I'm not gonna get to it so you're gonna have to download the slides if you wanna learn about it. Anyway, the ethos of Unix. Do one thing, do it well. Tool composition, remember I mentioned pipes before. Pipes are very important to do tool composition. Text is a universal interface, or it was, at least in the 70s. It's not anymore, now we have, and also poo. Not that those things aren't useful, they definitely are. And then finally, documentation. One thing that was very unique about Unix in its day, and still remains unique to this day is the fact that it has a section in its man page that's called bugs. Do you know of any other commercial software packages that have a giant section that called bugs? Yeah, so they're really open and transparent, which brings me to the aesthetics of Unix, which are simplicity, elegance, and openness. And these were the things that attracted users and programmers to use Unix in their projects. And one of the reasons that Unix was really popular was this one. This is a quote from Dennis Ritchie's paper describing the Unix system in communications at the ACM. He wrote, If designers of a system are forced to use that system, they become aware of its functional and superficial deficiencies and are strongly motivated to correct them before it's too late. Isn't that the case? Since all source programs were available and easily modified, we were willing to revise and rewrite this system and its software when new ideas were invented, discovered, or suggested. And I think that's something that's really powerful and that's the reason why Unix has become such a success in the 40 years between when it was created and right now. Thanks.


You're not a vegan? No. So how do you feel about eating these animals whilst you know they're sentient and have their own experience? I am very aware. I am contributing to the mass killing of animals. Do you feel bad about that or? Because I know what you wouldn't even be standing talking to me if you didn't have empathy and you didn't care. But I do realise what happens if problems. And then, you know, it's just evil. You still use these weak excuses.  They're probably honest excuses. So what are you going to do when you leave? How are you? It's a week off from work. Yeah mate. How are you?  So I do watch it. You do? Yeah, you're not a vegan? Well, I grew up vegetarian because I'm a Hindu.  Yeah, yeah, yeah. As I took over, I kind of had to kind of eat meat in a sense that, like, I grew up in an environment where meat was already ready, available. I didn't have a lot of common sense and what I could eat and, you know, it was just kind of quick food. They sent it. Well, bro, I ate meat for 26 years. Yeah, exactly. So yeah, I do like your work. And oh, you've got a stirring problem with it. That's fine. Oh, that's cool. But I do really get that. So you're watching my videos. What do you think about the message? Like how this happens to animals? We should respect their rights by being vegan. What do you think about that? I think the biggest problem with understanding veganism is that people don't realise that animals are sentient beings.   I don't think that these animals have their own emotional touch with humans. So you know this, right? You're not a vegan? No. So how do you feel about eating these animals whilst you know they're sentient and have their own experience? Do you feel bad about that or are you OK with it? I am very aware that I am contributing to the mass killing of animals. Yeah. Like I'm very, very aware of that. I mean, it's been about a good year since I've had meat. At least half of my diet is vegetarian anyway. OK, at least half of the other half is... Yeah, yeah, it's like eggs and everything. So you have paneer and things like this? Yeah, yeah, yeah. But you live here? Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. So you support the dairy industry here? I don't really support it. I just kind of have it for... Yeah, I mean like as in you create the demand for the industry. You give them your money. That sense, yeah, yeah. I contribute to it. Yeah, that's what I mean.  So how do you feel about that causing what happens to egg laying hens and dairy cows through the supply and demand chain? I am very aware of what I contribute to in a sense that like, because I've seen the videos where they put eggs on a machine. They grind their babies up? Yeah, yeah, yeah. And you know... They either do that in the UK here, they mainly do gas chamber as well? Yeah, yeah. They gas the birds? My question to you is, if you know it and you're very aware of it, how do you justify continuing that behaviour? When you know you can... You know how to be vegan, yeah? Yeah, yeah. You know you can be vegan and you're Hindu as well? Yeah, yeah. Hinduism has a hymsa? Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Non-violence? Yeah, yeah, that's right, yeah, that's right, yeah. That's a philosophy. Yeah. Like unfortunately I'm not very intact with those values and those morals because like I work so much I just have whatever is in front of me and I just have it. I work too, bro. Yeah, I work too. You can use that on me, I work. Exactly, yeah, yeah. Sometimes working 16-hour days, dude. Yeah, we're working right now. Yeah, yeah.  Yeah. No education, I come from gangs and drug use. I still manage to be vegan when I first got out of prison.  They're probably honest excuses. Well, the first option is I'm too lazy. I'm too lazy.  Of course not, that's a bigger value. Okay, let's weigh it up. So you're in a shop, there's eggs there up near there.  When you're going out for a restaurant, you've just got to go vegan options near me, you go Wagamama's vegan options, Subway vegan options, Burger King vegan options, you press in Happy Cow and you can find vegan restaurants all near you. And nearly every Indian restaurant will have vegan options. How lazy could you possibly be? That slight inconvenience of looking. Yeah, exactly. Just being bothered to search, you know, that's like very lazy. Maybe not motivated. When it's not you being tortured and killed and you don't really have that motivation. You can't really feel that same experience as animals. Tell me about your belief system, because I don't know much about Hinduism. Do you still believe those things that you were taught?  You're not following the masses? Yeah. OK, I like this one. I'm trying to find little consistent things. And so you have Himsa, which is non-violence? Yeah, it's non-violence. You follow your own way, you're not following the masses? Yeah. OK, they're two good ones I like. Hinduism, karma? Yes, yes.  Do you believe in this? I don't believe in karma. OK. But I believe in him. But I believe in him. Ahimsa, non-violence. And you're probably thinking, OK, if you do believe in him, why do you kill animals? Well, why do you buy milk and eggs and stuff? How do you contribute to it? But it does come down to those two factors that you mentioned. If they're too lazy, well, you're very unmotivated. Ahimsa doesn't say be non-violent, except if you're lazy. Of course not. Yeah, of course not. OK, let me say this. There's a gun to your head, right? All I have to do is, like, move my hand over a button and push it to stop someone shooting you in the head. OK. If I said, ah, come here, bothered, mate. See you later. But I knew that I personally knew that all I had to do was touch that button. Say I have to walk an extra 15 meters out of my day, because that's usually how hard it is to be vegan. Yeah. 15 meters, right?  And if I said I was too lazy, that's not really consistent with Ahimsa, is it? No, it's not.  Yeah. Through this supply and demand chain. It's not just killing. It's inherent suffering in eggs and dairy. They take the calves.  Yeah, yeah.  And I've been in these sheds, and I've seen the murmuring and the suffering and the featherless birds dying on their faces in the sheds in darkness. It's something out of hell. I don't know if you can imagine what it's like in hell. This is like a dungeon filled with birds. And even free range systems are the same. Good-hearted people are going to the store, just disconnected and paying for it. And it could be disconnected, could be another reason, do you think? Because you're not seeing the birds. Yeah, also down to a lack of, like, awareness. A lot of people don't understand until they're there. Like, until they see in real life, they start to realise that, okay, I need to quit my ways because, well, this is what I'm constantly doing. Yeah, I've been in the farms, right? But I quit before I'd been in the farms. But you are aware, see, you know. Maybe the average person doesn't know. You've got more awareness. Do you think you have more culpability, like, responsibility when you know? Do you have more of a duty to act? I have more of a duty to act. I do realise what happens in farms. And then, you know, it's just evil.  And it's just wrong. I think people associate having meat with being a man. Being able to pass that message on to them would hurt their ego as well. Yeah, they think, oh, meat is manly. That's conditioning. Yeah, exactly. It doesn't make you more or less of a man with what you put in your mouth. Masculine traits are like protecting the vulnerable, protecting the innocent, not destining them to this, you know. Protecting children, protecting animals. If someone's heading a dog, a physically stronger person steps in to protect direct action. That's vulnerable, yeah. Yeah, they're vulnerable. So, I wouldn't fall into that trap, but Hinduism is about following your own way. Yeah. So, regardless of what other men are doing, what other people think, following your own way and him, so no matter what other people are doing, this is why I'm a vegan. Yeah, it's like that second point you mentioned.  So, like, I think you mentioned that you used to eat meat a lot and everything, right? Yeah, yeah. There was a point in time where you became self-aware about your actions. That's how... Yeah, it's like a transformation. Yeah, that's how Hinduism works, basically. It's like you're self-aware of your own actions now. Now you've changed those values and you created your own morality.  I'm trying to influence other people. Exactly. You can't create your own values if those values are inherently bad. Yeah, you can't just say, I'm a Hindu. My values are when I kill that person and that person, yeah. Creating your own way with a hymcer. Yeah, yeah, yeah, true, yeah. How do you thought on how the world country is having meat? Do you think this message should be advocated the same way in first-world countries? So third-world countries are more likely to get further with, like, dry food, like rice and vegetables and tofu. The poorer countries usually gravitate towards the grains and the flowers and things like this anyway. You're probably going to find, like, extraneous scenarios where people are in some survival situation or something. Obviously, I'm not over there advocating to them. I'm advocating to people in a situation where they do have a choice. But should animals have rights in those countries? Yes, should animals be protected in those countries? Yes. Because imagine if they were in some kind of situation, they wanted meat and there was no animals but there's any other people. I still think those people should be protected from being eaten. I'm not saying animals and people are the same. I'm saying that animals still deserve rights because they are sentient. But how do you think the rice should be given, given the condition of the third-world country? Meat is a luxury food. So what are the cheapest foods in India?  So, like, yeah, the cheapest foods are usually not animals. You've got to feed animals, raise animals, contain animals. So I don't think it's the same kind of problem in third-world countries anyway. Because, like, in third-world countries... What are the countries you're talking about? Just from a general point of view. Because it depends. Well, there's different kinds of third-world countries with different access to different kinds of food and summer instavation. If you go to Uganda... I would still apply the same concept that the cheapest foods in those countries and the healthiest foods for the people will be the plant-based foods. And then, unless you're talking about some kind of survival situation where I'm not out there advocating to people in a survival situation, but even in those situations, we should give animals rights and give those people, get those people plant-based food immediately. So it'd be like a humanitarian effort, get coupled with an animal rights effort. But I'm just talking about... There's problems in the world. Oh, yeah, there's a lot. I'm more focused on your personal accountability here. Yeah, yeah. You know, because I can't solve all the problems, you know, like, not me as an activist and not you, there's wars, there's kids being abused... But you're forced to be... Yeah, yeah, I'm a consistent person. So I think animals should have rights to stop us from using exploiting and killing them en masse forever. But we can't even agree animals deserve rights in places where there's a lot of money and there's a lot of resources. We can't even agree here. Because it's a constant debate. What I don't like is if people go... I'm not saying you're doing this, but people do this all the time. What about in a terrible country? And I'm like, well, I'm just talking about us right here where we can. Exactly. And those who can, should. Yeah. Like, morally, should. You know, where there's a personal choice.  Because I know you wouldn't even be standing talking to me if you didn't have empathy and you didn't care. You have empathy.  You know they're sentient. You have a hymcer. And you still, like, you still use these... They're almost like weak excuses to do something. Oh, yeah, they're already... Yeah, because there's no other industry that does this kind of thing. Like, that mass exploits and murders and eats... Right, right. ...other than animals for food. I have two to differ. It's a holocaust if happens to human beings, but they didn't eat victims of the holocaust. It's the equivalency of that, yes. Yeah, for animals. Not saying we're equivalent beings, but... But, like, the way they've been... Exactly. Exactly. Like, in the world. Exactly. Yeah. Or even worse. Yeah. They serve the body parts out there in the supermarket. Oh, yeah. I think... They desecrate their remains, they sell the remains, and there's no respect for the remains. Oh, yeah, like... It's like, I remember, there was this, like, like, a video on YouTube, like, an ox being killed. They just shot at the head, and I was like, God. That's when it came to my senses, like, okay, I don't want to have to try ox or anything, or, you know, skin change. I've seen a crazy one in... I think it was India. There was a skin on the ground. Yeah. And another cow came up and started, like, desperately bellowing out. That was their friend that... It was the saddest thing I've ever seen. And that's the biggest problem, because a lot of people don't understand from a bio-psychological point of view that animals don't have emotion. Animals have empathy for each other, too. No, they do. They're like us, mate. They're just not as intelligent. Exactly, yes, you know. And I think what should be pushed out where they're vegan is a little bit more science. Science about animal sentience and that? That is the biggest thing. Yeah, that's it. People realise how... Yeah, good short-term... But that stopped you? Because you know. I mean... It hasn't stopped you, though, has it? That's the reason why half my diet is it's chairing half my... You can do better. I know you can.  Yeah, it was a couple of years ago. I was actually vegan, but then I stopped because I was using a lot of weight because it was my kind of diet planning. I'm going to try to struggle not to... I put weight on, bro. I'm big. And I'm strong, and I'm just not silly, man. I don't just eat vegetables or whatever. I eat energy, you know. Tofu, lots of tofu. Tofu's just as good a pinier. No, it is, it is, you know. I don't know if Hinduism believes this, but don't they worship cows? Yeah, we do. Like, is it worship or is it more respect? It's more respect. More respect. We see it as a deity, that's what gives out dairy milk. This is no way to treat, you know. It's no way to respect a deity. I'll hear what you're going to say.  It's...  They don't kill them there, but they export them out. Milk calves are either abandoned on the streets or they are sent for slaughter. Cows who can no longer produce milk are also abandoned on the streets or worse, and most often, they are transported in unbelievably horrible conditions on lorries to states where cow slaughter is legal. They're extremely, extremely. So... I agree, I agree. I was doing a cross before. Yeah.  Okay. But I personally believe the most effective way to make veganism more effective is to push out the side of emotion. Something bad happens to a person, we feel it. Exactly. And the same with pigs and cows and chickens. Yeah, it happens. And if they say something happened to one of their friends, they're going to... Is that going to happen to me? Oh, my God, that's... Yeah. It's a sense to analogy. Yeah. People don't understand. Is that a very analogy? Yeah. That's when people start like, oh, okay, that makes sense to me. Like the moment I realise that, that's when I start to change up things a little bit. Because that's not what I... What kind of monster feel. No, that's not what I'm contributing to. So what are you going to do when you leave? Try to reform my diet. It's really good talking to you, brother. What's your name? Oh, Jay. Jay? Yeah, yeah. It's nice talking to you. You know what you're talking about? No one can force you to do anything. This is all in here. This is you. Yeah. And you have a conscience. You have your own way. You know, and you have a hymcer. And I control myself. So no one can stop me from eating meat right now. Yeah. I do it because I know it's the right thing to do. And I know that they don't deserve that. And I don't want to be the oppressor to them. I do really appreciate the work you do, mate. I just hope they go incredibly well in the future. Thank you, brother. So, yeah. Take care, Jay. Take care. Good talking to you, mate.


The Hibbing Police Department is investigating a homicide that occurred Sunday January 6th on the Masabi Trail in Hibbing, just east of Kerr. Hibbing police officers and EMS personnel responded around 3 Sunday to a 911 call from a snowmobiler who reported finding a dead man on the snowmobile trail. Officers arrived on the scene and identified the man via fingerprints as 33-year-old Joshua Robert Levalli of Aurora. The Hibbing Police Department is asking members of the public who had contact with Levalli this weekend who had spent time on the trail on Sunday to call the police department. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


the ID Tech Act show here with the Korea Institute of Material Science. And who are you? I'm Hem Lee from Korean Institute of Material Science. Actually I developed aluminum ink and by using the prepared aluminum ink we tried to prepare highly conductive aluminum coated textile for wearable and flexible lecturing. So this is conductive? Yeah this is conductive. So what can you do with this? First we prepared the raw materials using catalyst and then the treated materials deep into aluminum ink. That is all processed. Then the very highly conductive aluminum nanostructure coated on the surface of the textile. So we can get like this very highly conductive textiles. So there can be current going through? There can be a stop happening through it like for example right here right here. So this is applied to like this in a cleaner filter. Generally the HEPA filter is used for to capture very small sized particles but if you use these materials this is also very good for capture the very low small sized nanoparticles but this is very economical filters. Economical? Yeah economical because HEPA filter is very useful but the power consumption is very high but in this case the power consumption is very very low so we can save a lot of money to operate the air cleaner. Many people use air purifier? Yeah yeah many. Oh no this is the recently developed materials so we try to apply these materials to air cleaner or clean aluminum air clean devices. And what are you showing here with those bags right here? Oh this is a blanket blanket yeah but this one is a heating element inside of this. Whoa heating yeah heating yeah whoa it's hot hot oh my god yeah so it's a hot blanket? Yes yes electrically hot blanket. With power? Yeah this one is inside of this blanket the aluminum conductive textile is inside of this blanket. So it's flexible? Yeah flexible yeah flexible heat. All right what other material you show over here is this similar product? Yeah yeah this is also aluminum coated polyester textile so this is applied to produce like this stylus band. This is a tip? Yeah tip. Whoa. This product is for this smart phone. Is it a real one? LGU? Real one real one. Mass production yeah yeah mass production so this one is okay and tape is made of made by the aluminum the coated textiles like this. So that provides a very good touch? Yeah. Very precise touch. Nice yeah and so that's that's the main thing you do so you're based in Korea and you're all doing other textile products what is the other stuff you can do? This is all the same ones like that the conductive textiles yeah but this one is the original technology the first we developed like this aluminum ink yeah this one is aluminum ink and then this process is for the fabricate the highly conductive textile. How do you find that out? How do you do this? This is research results I have researched for about five years to develop like this technologies. Five years? Yeah five years yeah and it goes PET substrate oh this is an electric aluminum film electric circuits this substrate is paper general paper and then we fabricate like this aluminum the electric circuits and then we attach it to very small size as the LED lamps so we can get like this. That's cool though so all this technology how soon do you think it's going to be used by millions and millions of people? I hope so I hope so this is the only developed technology so it is very difficult to apply apply to several industry areas but we actually this recently we established a very small starting company the all ink yeah all ink is company to produce aluminum ink and which one is all ink? All ink is all ink yeah yeah so we established this company this January so we make an effort to make this company bigger and bigger and that's aluminum ink yeah aluminum ink yes you're right and how about this ID Tech X what do you think about ID Tech X? ID Tech is very very popular to the people research about or the printing electronics so actually I visited the this spring the printing electronics in Europe in Berlin yeah yeah so there are people who working in ID Tech asked me to come to USA yeah yeah and the presentation my research results so next tomorrow and tomorrow morning I will present about my research results so and then I also this I also think that this chance is very good for me to introduce my research results and our company products to everyone too yeah maybe somebody will make a big order and say I want many no no not yet not yet later not yet okay later


Live from Las Vegas, it's theCUBE! Covering AWS re-invent 2019. Brought to you by Amazon Web Services and Intel, along with its ecosystem partners. Well, welcome back to the stands. Day two, AWS re-invent 2019. A lot of buzz still going on here, Dave Vellante. There's all buzz, yeah. Yeah, I mean, the jam-packed show for a second day in a row. Day two of our coverage here on theCUBE. Along with Dave Vellante, I'm John Walls, and we're joined by Paul Cheesebro, rather, who is the CTO and President of Digital at the Fox Corporation. Paul, good to see you, sir. Thanks for having me, John. Thanks for being with us. We appreciate that. I'm a big fan of theCUBE. So what brings you here? I'm about your partnership with AWS, and let's just start with that. Characterize a little bit about what that relationship's all about. Yeah, well, I think re-invent's become the go-to show for cloud computing generally. I think it's its eighth season, and certainly for my team and myself, it's the place to discover the kind of latest product evolutions and talk to other people in my position and peers in the industry and see what's going on. So it's a great opportunity to do a bit of fact-digging and see what's going on in the industry. So what fact-digging are you doing right now that applies to your world? What have you seen here, maybe in the past day or two, that you said, yep, I can see where that's playing into the entertainment world? Yeah, well, I'd say the first thing is the ecosystem. You can see from around here, the buzz and the vibe. I mean, this is at a different level to what I've seen it before, and that's always really good to see. So it's not just an AWS story, it's kind of the companies that are enabling, and a lot of the innovation comes out of these smaller startups of the building on top of the platform, so spending a ton of time on that front. I'd also say Andy Jassy's keynote yesterday, really very impressive on how they've kept the foot down on new releases, on the kind of data front. So SageMaker and Redshift, two technologies we use heavily and they've continued to kind of innovate on that front. And I'm just getting time with the top table of AWS and the deep technical engineers who can kind of give you a view of where the company's going and what weather services will be in a year or two's time is, so you don't get that any other kind of place. You know, when we first started doing theCUBE that reinvents seven years ago, a lot of tire kickers, certainly from the enterprise, a lot of developers, no question, but you're way beyond kicking tires. So what are some of the things that you're doing in the cloud? You mentioned Redshift and SageMaker, what are you doing with those tools? Yeah, so, I mean, you're a media company, so you'll understand how technology's kind of carved up and on the enterprise side, which is all of our internal IT and networks, we've pretty much migrated all of that over the recent years into the cloud and largely running on AWS. So storage, compute, we've retired, all of our data centers bar one, all of our applications that our employees use are software as a service based, so we don't really run our own infrastructure. And on top of that, we've really kind of put a very deep data infrastructure in place where, you know, the consumer trend, the way our contents consume these days, we've got a very direct relationship with the consumer. We stream more and more content to them and that throws off a data trail that you've got to capture and manage and we use Redshift and SageMaker to analyze the data on top of Redshift on that front. So the enterprise piece, we've done pretty holistically. On the digital side of our business, our products and services and our apps, they're almost entirely built natively on AWS services. Our engineers, the kind of, the innovation that they're driving there, they couldn't do it without partners like AWS. And then the third and final piece to a media company is the kind of media and the broadcast piece, how you move video around the kind of production organization, the creative organization, and that's the bit that we're announcing here today, that partnership with AWS to kind of solve that issue. Yeah, so I wanted to ask you about, a big part of your transformation was data. Yeah. And so you got kind of rid of, they always talk about the heavy lifting, you got rid of that for the most part, all except one data center. What did you do with the people that were doing all that stuff? Did they just sort of go to retraining or attrition? Did you get excited about learning new tooling? How did that all go? Yeah. Well, I've been on the journey around cloud computing since 2006 in my career, so. Right, day one, I guess it's still day one. In fact, I purchased S3 from Verna Vogels back then. That was the first product, wasn't it? Exactly, and then I met Andy soon after. And in those days, and I think some organizations experience this, the technology team were the most risk-averse, and they put every blocker in the way from moving to the cloud because they saw it as a threat and frankly didn't understand it. So it took a lot of pushing to get things going in those days. I think it's slightly different now. But once you're through that barrier, then people get momentum, and anyone in my position as a CTO will tell you there's no shortage of work to throw people at. So the resource that we've got within the team, I'd much rather they were building software than managing servers and pipes and doing upgrades. So we've released a ton of talent to do what I would call the value ad piece that consumers touch and feel and moved it really kind of front of store. And that's made a big difference. Some people didn't make the journey and we brought new talent in. I think that's inevitable. But yeah. So it's almost like you get to practice a little less and play a little more. Yeah. It's about what it comes down to. And sort of re-architected your business around data and software. It sounds like as opposed to, like said pipes. Yeah, but everything starts with the consumer in our business. So if you work backwards from that, you know, they've changed their behaviors and they expect content in different forms on different devices. They expect the traditional channels of cable. They expect the new channels of mobile and streaming. And that places a lot of stress internally on how you create and produce and distribute that content. So to some degree in our industry, we had no choice. We have to change. And that's been, you know, as a technologist driving transformation, it's been a fun ride. You're almost on this parallel track a little bit. You talk about the transformation you're going through with live streaming right now. That's a must, must do, must have. It's how consumers bring in their media. And yet you have to transform technologically speaking to provide this consumer transformation as well. So you have these two tracks going down that you've got to answer to. I mean, what kind of complexity does that create it for you? Because your business is fundamentally changing and the technology is fundamentally changing. Yeah. And you know, I think historically the solution to that problem was to put parallel infrastructure in place and your digital team would have their own infrastructure. Your enterprise team would have their own infrastructure. And then your media and broadcast team would be on a completely different network doing their own thing. And they would all coexist. And I think the kind of convergence at the consumer end is going to ripple back into a convergence within the organization as well where our technology teams play across those three different fields. And someone like AWS and other partners like that are now capable of being partners across those three different fields together. So the convergence at the consumer end really does apply within the organization as well. So you mentioned some things you're doing with AWS. Maybe you could talk about that initiative and talk about the tech and we could talk about the outcome for the consumer. So I think the last bastions within any media organization in terms of, you know, transforming you think about the media and broadcast operation the, you know, everything from the trucks and the cameras through to the edit suites, through to master control through to the way that you play out and distribute. You know, not only do we have a national network but we've got local stations as well and you overlay the digital products on top of that. It's a very complicated set of partners and direct access points at the end. And the technology that's been operating in that space hasn't changed since the nineties. Generally hasn't. It may be got a minor upgrade when HD came along in 2001 but it really hasn't changed. So what we have decided to do is going to really re-engineer that. It's the only piece of our business that doesn't run natively on the cloud. And we're pleased to announce this week the deal with AWS as the strategic partner to really kind of lift our video workflows in terms of how we produce, create and really importantly distribute our video to all of those partners in a way that kind of really transforms the way our creatives can work as well. So it was a pretty long process going through how you do that safely, because if you get it wrong you go off the air and that's really. You can't do that. You cannot do that.  So we've been very careful. I say, you know, AWS have stepped up with some great technologies but really importantly a kind of great vision as well for it. So what specifically have you done? You created sort of a new platform in the cloud? Yeah. So we were very, very fortunate. We've just completed this deal with Disney to sell some of our assets there. It meant that actually we had a Greenfield approach to this part of our business. So for the first time ever we were unencumbered with a legacy. So a blank sheet of paper and we came at it with the attitude if you were a large broadcaster starting your business today, how would you do it? And with that mindset, it takes you into a very different space. So we're working with AWS and their media services team and the elemental team within that to encode our video within our sports news entertainment and local stations. We're using them to move the video from studio locations and football stadiums and news gathering locations, remote locations straight into the cloud to be both managed and produced and then it stays natively within the cloud to be published out to distribution partners whether it's Comcast for cable whether it's Hulu for live TV whether it's Apple for the VOD stuff that they do or whether it's our own services. But that natively stays in the cloud, that workflow and that just really enables a very different way of thinking. And the move is obviously a big challenge, right? I mean, it's video and it's big data. How are you solving that problem? What are the components of that that enable you to do that? So I think it would have been very difficult to achieve this vision if some of the products like Outpost and the local zones that AWS have announced at the show, we had early visibility and testing of those. You know, if you're in an edit suite editing 4K content you can't necessarily, in a truck, you can't necessarily go back and forth to the cloud all the time. So we have the ability to kind of put a piece of the cloud on-prem or into a truck or into a studio to eliminate the latency and to manage that. So that's one thing. We also have architected it in a way where resilience is core and key. So if for whatever reason, one part of the architecture goes down then other bits of it can pick up the slack. And again, the way that we've worked with AWS on that front they've really helped us kind of architect something robust there. Yeah, how much does live come into this? I mean, you can't afford to slip up, right? I mean, it's one thing to have downtime and you point it as you can't go black but just in terms of what you deliver whether it's live news, live sports, live entertainment. Yeah, it's real time. So we're predominantly a live company now, you know and it's the heart of our business. It's what we're great at doing. It's what our creative teams have done all of their lives. And if you take an NFL game on a Sunday, you know, the number of cameras, feeds, data, stats, the number of teams you've got both on location and back in the production facility, the number of games you're actually producing at the same time on a complicated day that can be multiple games. And then the complexity around who you get the signal out to in effect. Live is difficult and I think that's why you haven't seen too many broadcasters go in this direction quite yet. So we know we're a kind of earlier doctor. We're being very careful and cautious around how we're kind of ramping this up. For example, we're still alongside the fiber connectivity into the cloud. We're using satellite. So some of those decisions we've put in place as near term. You've got some redundancies in place just as a risk management. Exactly, so we can slowly dial it up and we're building new facilities around this to help make it happen as well. But the number one thing is giving the consumer a great experience. I'll give you some examples actually of how this will transform the consumer experience. So we'll be able to do both 4K and 8K natively through this infrastructure with AWS. We can't do that today. Latency will be reduced heavily. So we effectively encode the video once and the device at the end decodes it. So that really kind of compresses that level of latency that you'll see in a football game. And when you think about things like 5G, I don't know whether you saw Hans and the Verizon team and they were announcing it yesterday. 5G, things like betting services and other things that we're getting into, you have to have close to zero latency to make those things work. So in the current broadcast chain, we encode and decode and re-encode and all of these compression chains. And at the end of the, you've got a fairly decent quality signal but by no means 4K or 8K. And that's one aspect. So the consumer will see a difference. The other thing is we never want to be in a position again where we use infrastructure from 30 years ago. I mean, no company in 2019 can afford to be in that position. So by plugging into AWS, we kind of get that constant drip feed of innovation as it comes and a very software focused sort of architecture as opposed to hardware and cables, which is you see a lot of in broadcast. So we're pivoting not just the business but the way we do business as well. So the consumer experience is much improved. As well, you mentioned live, of course the mainspring is live. That's where the content is created but there's also an on-demand experience as well is that I presume compressed. So I can get to the best highlights if I missed the game. You know, get the little mini game that I can watch and get a good flavor for it. That is compressed as well. Absolutely. So, I mean, going back to your data question earlier, so this infrastructure natively as we're putting video through it, you know, Amazon and AWS have the technologies to index the video in real time, to do scene detection, face recognition, a lot of those kind of very forward-leaning technologies. I think for the last 10 years have been kind of more science than fact, but now they're kind of really coming to their own. So all of the video that goes through the pipes in a live form gets really in real time indexed. All of the consumption information about how the video's being consumed on the device comes back in in real time and we can combine that into an experience. So if you're joining the live feed or coming at the video on demand asset later, you've got a much, much richer experience, whether that's searching and finding the bit that you want or whether that's, you know, us curating a package of content automatically using that metadata. So we're excited about that. Talk more about the search. How does that all work? Well, I think search on a TV experience is still pretty clumsy. You know, it's... Yeah, it's definitely, and part of that's the user interface.  A lot of the search now is done by voice through the remote and they're seeing a transformational difference there, but even in some of the OTT streaming services, the search and discovery, I'd use discovery in the same context, is still clumsy and that's entirely driven by the data. There's a reason Google are the best in the marketplace at search because of the, you know, the kind of level of indexing that they do to create the, and I think AWS and their approach to video will be game changing for us on this front. And they've obviously got the search technologies on the front end to enable that as well as the kind of indexing technologies on the back end.  How do you keep up with it all? Is it sometimes feel like it's going too fast to be able to absorb it all? No, this is a great time to be a CTO. There's no way, and we could complain about it, but the consumer's not going to stop, you know, changing the way that they demand content from us. So for me, it's a combination of picking the right partners, speaking to them frequently and coming to events like this to meet my peers. I also spend a lot of time with venture capital companies and very early stage startups to really get an idea around what's coming next over the next three to five years and getting in early with those customers. I kind of have a mantra with my team internally where, you know, I don't reward them necessarily for just doing business with the old incumbent legacy technology providers. I'd much rather we experiment with the next generation of companies. That's actually how we began our very early relationship with AWS and Amazon, and it served us well. Pay it off. Well, the next time you see Joe or Troy, please give them our best. I will, sure, thanks Joe. They're always welcome on theCUBE, as are you, Paul. Thank you, it's a pleasure. Joining us here on theCUBE, we'll be back with more coverage here live to AWS Reinfit 2019. You're watching theCUBE from the Sands.


confession to make. I don't think I should be here. I don't say this because the other Jake came out with his guitar and serenaded you, and all I have is this tie bar. I say this because I don't think I should be standing here breathing. That was the trajectory of my life. Much of my youth was this darkness. You see, I grew up in a rust belt forgotten America, where I lived in more homes than I attended grades. I maxed out the days you could be suspended three of the four years in high school. Yeah, that's a thing. And I chose drugs and drinking, and my friends reflected that. You see, they ended up in hospitals, jail, and the obituaries. But me, I escaped this darkness. Why? Because I learned to love and find a home in school. It was because of my teachers.  The first of these many lights was Mr. Rossino.  It was also his first year in a classroom, and the year my parents got divorced. You know, he didn't ask for a kid who brought baggage like me, but he stepped up. He was the man I needed in my life every day, and he was the first of many who inspired me to enter this noble profession. That divorce took my family and me to a new home the next year, and with that new home came a new school, and boy, I was nervous to go to that school. It got a bit more complicated when my mom and my doctor gave me some bad news. I had to go to that new school with grandma glasses. I know what you're thinking. New kid, new school, grandma glasses, lots of friends, right? Those kids blackballed me. It wasn't until about halfway through the year when I met Miss Lapis. She was a long-term sub of all people, and her pearly smile and warm heart flipped my life light side up, and she made me love school again. Later on in elementary, I was diagnosed with a learning disability. Nobody could really figure out what was wrong with me. They just knew I was starting to struggle to read, and because of that, I was a pain in my eye, teachers, you know what? It wasn't until I met Mrs. Kennedy, who was a special ed teacher, and she came up to me and said, honey, don't worry. I think you just have a bit of dyslexia. Watch me teach you through this, and I don't know how she did it, but she took my disability and judoed that stuff into an advantage. Yeah, she taught me how to speed read. In the sixth grade, I came to middle school with the worst bowl cut possible. Oh, my God. Those things were so terrible. The Beatles would have even kicked me out of the band, but I met three of the most luminary ladies who could have done no better to this bowl cut laden brain. They were Mrs. Zubeck who taught science, Mrs. Balliott who taught social studies, and Mrs. McKee who taught math. She was also my aunt too. The three of them had a policy together. Nobody fails sixth grade. Smart Alec. Me, first day of school, raised my hand and said, hey, I failed a lot, and they cut me off mid-sentence and said, Miller, you're going to keep on failing, but in the end, you're going to succeed with us.  All the homework, the projects, the tests, and all the retests. But above it all, they smothered me with love, and therefore, they never smothered my light. Mr. Hoffman was twice my math teacher and always the intimidating wrestling coach. He treated math problems like workouts, man. It was all about repetition, repetition, repetition until your form was perfect. I was never much of an athlete, but boy did he turn me into a math elite, and I'll never forget the big warmth and bare hug that he gave me when I showed him my near perfect math SAT score. In 11th grade, I ditched the glasses. I ditched the bowl cut, but then I started wearing Janko jeans. Oh, God. If you're not laughing, I'll explain them to you real quick. Think of like a middle schooler, high schooler's waist, and then expand that, and it's bigger around your ankle. So when you're walking down a high school hallway, it's like flowing denim. But my 11th grade literature teacher, Mr. Morgan, looked through that tough skater boy exterior who thought he was the class clown, and he said, you know what? When you come to school, which is often, you do pretty well. You participate.  You should be going to college. I didn't really think about going to college until he said that, and he took me on my first college visit. It should surprise nobody in this room that I attended Mr. Morgan's Alma Mater, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, and that's where I learned to become a teacher, just like him. In 12th grade, I met the final flame of so many amazing individuals in my life. That was Mrs. Tarano. She taught British literature, and it wasn't so much about Chaucer and Shakespeare, which oddly I loved. Don't ask why. It was she taught us how to talk to one another. She taught us how to learn to love to read our own, and yeah, she even took this lexic boy and his poems and got them published. You see, I don't write poetry anymore, but I do get paid to write, and every time I put my name at the top of the page, I think very fondly of her and all those other amazing lights that came before her. Now I have a question for you.   It's not how you teach. It's how you ignite the passion in your kids. It's not the content of your curriculum. It's the content of your character. When you return to your schools next week, you're going to see kids in your class whose stories rhyme with mine. I invite you to make your mark, be their spark, and don't be afraid to light candles in the dark. Thank you.


Q&A time I went to Twitter and I said hey Twitter. How's it going? I Said give me your best questions, and I will answer as honestly as I possibly can no holding back I wanted to do just an honest Q&A when more people ask me maybe harder-hitting questions And I just asked honestly Eunice honestly, so I am going to do this.  I'll kill it. I'll kill it I won't but I wish that I had the willpower, you know because it's hurt me so much Why don't I get to hurt it? Why do my hand hurt? All right, let's get to the questions I'm not gonna answer all of the questions. I will answer Some it's usually how it goes How's your mental health at the moment in this moment right now? God? I did so much driving today. It's such a long day. I just wanna go to bed Why do In general it's good. It's really good actually. I'm in I'm in a very good spot right now I've been having so much fun filming videos both for my channel and for Eunice honest and things are just going good I'm having a good time, and I hope that that shows through through the videos Have you ever made a stinky doodoo in your pants as an adult? Ryan No after you hit a million subs, which is going to happen soon. It's very soon guys It's very very soon. How soon? I'll show you how soon this soon 986 that's me close. We're so close. What is the next big goal for Ethan and his cranky crew? I don't know dude. Probably just make bigger better videos I've got some stuff on the back burner that I really want to work on And obviously like when it's honest is taking up a lot of my time, and it's going to until it's done But doing stuff like that has really just gotten me motivated to make different kind of videos to step outside of my comfort zone But yeah, I just want to make more videos cooler videos do stuff with more people I want to do more collabs and stuff like that. I want to do more streams I want to do a lot more stuff, but my goal for 2020 my New Year's resolution is Less talking more doing throughout my entire life I've always talked about things that I want to do and I want to talk less about them I want people to hear about it through me doing it not about me Blabbering on about a thing that I want to do you know if you died tomorrow Would you be satisfied with your life? If not, what's missing? Yeah, I'd be Semi-satisfied am I proud of where I am now? Yes, do I really am I am I happy with the things that I have? Yeah, but there's a lot more that I want to do like you know I wouldn't be not satisfied, but you know my my thirst has not been Properly quenched yet. There's still so much more that I want to do What would you say are your best and your worst traits? That's a good question my best trait I think that I'm pretty thoughtful. I think that like I I think about other people a lot And I like try and do stuff for other people. I do a lot of stuff for other people without them asking That doesn't mean that I'm just like the most giving caring person ever I'm not but like I try and think of other people and I try and do things for other people if I think that they Need it or if they would appreciate it or whatever. I really like doing stuff for other people Like both for them and selfishly for me, too. It makes me feel good doing things for other people. What's the worst trait? I don't know What my worst trait is I don't know I get jealous pretty easily and I really don't like being jealous But a lot of times I'll get jealous I also like have a like severe fear of confrontation and like disappointing people So I'll say yes to a bunch of things and then not follow through with a lot of them Because I just want to please everybody and you can't but I'm afraid of saying no to people or like letting people down But then I just end up letting everybody down instead because I said yes do everything and I can't possibly do everything Do you find this man sexy? Yeah, which movie should win best picture parasite parasite doesn't win best picture I will riot. It was so good.  Hey, I love you and all and I don't know if this is rude or intruding But are you a hundred percent sure you're straight? I'm sorry It's a spectrum fam.  I don't know if I would date a guy. It's a spectrum I wouldn't say that I'm bi but I'm not like one of those guys that's like I Like I think there's plenty of people that I'm like Chris Evans is super attractive.  I don't think so like I've kissed guys before I haven't like made out with a guy before what I say I'm bi. I don't think so would I say that I'm 100% straight It's a spectrum best lens the one that I have right here. I love it so much. It's the 24 to 70 G master It's an F 2.8, but I also love prime lenses. This is a very deep question I've always had issues with self-confidence and self-love because I have acne What helped you with that journey of overcoming that mindset and building your confidence and self-worth? I think one of the biggest things that helped me is Realizing that nobody really cares people are too Worried about what they look like to care about what you look like Also It's a thing that everybody goes through, you know The the people that you see Like celebrities and stuff with like perfect skin like with pictures of celebrities and stuff like that Almost all of them are photoshopped. Also a lot of people wear makeup. So don't think like oh my god Kylie Jenner has perfect skin. Well, she's got perfect skin because most of her photos are edited down and she wears a ton of makeup and Probably like had some medical procedures done with her skin as well No, the biggest thing is like for me was realizing that people don't care And it was a hard thing to overcome and I had to take steps to like Get through it and stuff and make it better And that was the other thing too is like when I started to treat my acne and my skin like I've got pimples right now But I was like, okay I'm doing it because I want my skin to be better not because I want other to other people to Think I'm more attractive or something like that. No, I mean do it for you Do you ever feel overworked with how you're making videos? Right now. I'm in a really good spot. I've been working super super hard recently, but I it's been Very good because I think I slacked for a really long time. Has there been times where I felt overwork? Absolutely, like I've talked about this a lot But at one point I was making two videos every day and working 40 hours 40 plus hours a week at a restaurant And I was just killing myself with that like it was so so much Yeah, there there are sometimes where I feel overworked There are sometimes that I feel tired recently. I felt really really good like I've been working super super hard And I've been really busy, but that's been really great. What was the class you struggled with most in high school Do you wish you had done you had done gymnastics for longer or kept up with it at least after no longer competing my Hardest class was math. I just didn't understand it Do I wish that I had done gymnastics for longer? I do and I don't because if I did then I wouldn't I probably wouldn't be where I am today because I stopped doing gymnastics So I could focus on YouTube. Do I miss gymnastics? Yeah, I really miss gymnastics. I really miss being on a team I missed I miss being that fit like I was I don't think I'll ever be in that shape again in my life and like I really loved the sport of gymnastics And I really loved the community And so yeah, I missed a lot. Do I wish that I had Kept up with it probably now because I wouldn't be doing this You know how loved you are your fans love you. I love you not just for the content for you I just wonder sometimes if you know that. Thank you. I do know that. It's nice to be reminded though It's nice because there's there's a lot of times where And I'm not fishing for compliments. I'm not about to say this to be like oh give me a little company But like there's a lot of times where I Feel like you know a lot of people only watch me because I'm associated with other people And that's really hard to deal with sometimes And so it's nice knowing that a lot of you guys actually like watching my videos for me and not watching them because I may be Associated with other people. It means a lot. Thank you for liking the thing that I do Do you love Markiplier not in a friendly love but gay love? I have nothing against gays just wondering because y'all Be looking cute together love y'all both. No We don't doesn't frustrate you when people compare you to other people instead of letting you be your own Yeah, and that's something that like I've come to terms with that something that I will never be able to escape And like I'm fine with it Like do I wish that people didn't constantly compare me to Mark and Sean and do I wish that people Weren't always like asking about them or stuff like that. Yeah, of course Like everybody wants to be recognized for their own thing. Have I accepted that that's probably gonna happen forever? Yeah, and the same thing happens to them too Like I know that Sean and Mark both get and like those are the people that I most commonly Get compared to like I know that they get asked about me a lot too and about each other Especially and like that just kind of comes with the territory like do I get frustrated when people constantly ask about them? Yeah, cuz like you know, I want people to be watching for me and not for another person And I know that people do but do I still get frustrated with it? Yes See normally I'd be like no, but I'm trying to be honest. So yes, I do get frustrated I'm not gonna lie about it. I do get frustrated, but you know, it's fine. I get it Why do you have a pair of shoes with right and left on the soles? I totally don't understand if it's to help you keep track of them, but your other shoes don't have that No, it's not I know the difference between right and left It's just the style of the shoes just the design that's on pretty sure it has something to do with either ADD or dyslexia One of the symptoms can be finding it difficult to tell them from left from right So it seems like a very torsory way to memorize this.  Yes, absolutely. Like there's no There's no Debating that like the channel would not be as big as it is today If not for Mark, but the reason Why I worked with Mark and the reason why Mark gave me the shot that he did was because I was working my ass off and because Like I was super dedicated and I really really loved Making videos like that's the reason why I am here today numbers was yeah, sure like a lot of that has to do with Mark But also like it has to do with me keeping it up too Because if if like I started working for Mark and then I just abandoned my channel then things wouldn't be where they are today It's the same thing with Sean and Felix like Sean got a shout out from Felix When he was smaller and like yeah, Felix gave him a lot of subs and stuff, but people stayed because of Sean and Sean Got his channel to where it is Because of his hard work There are so many other people that were shouted out in that video that are nowhere near the size of Sean and Sean is Where he is because of him not because of the shout out from Felix.  If so, how did you cope with it? Yes? I just stopped going to therapy actually for a Little over a year. I was going to therapy And like that was how I cope with it for a while I put it off and I put it off and I put it off and I was like, oh, I should probably go to see a therapist I didn't even realize how many issues I had until I started going to therapy because like You know, I went in the beginning because I was like, oh, I don't feel motivated and I feel sad and blah blah blah And then it just like opened up all of this stuff that I was like Oh, I really got to deal with this and this and like this is where this stems from and like this is why I do this thing so going and seeing a professional who knows the brain like I cannot recommend it enough also Just being able to vent to a completely unbiased person is so great because you can talk to your friends and your family all you want And that's great like that you should talk to people But being able to talk to a professional that doesn't that isn't a part of your family or isn't a part of your friends group and also Legally cannot share any of that information Is really great and it's really comforting and you feel very safe because you can talk about how you truly feel without the The worry of like because when you talk to your friends about your feelings Like there's that thing in the back of your mind Even if you trust them a lot is like, oh, what if they tell one of my other friends of this and like I only want this Person knowing it that doesn't happen with a therapist because they are legally not allowed to tell anybody anything that you tell them unless you are in Endanger of harming yourself or others so as long as you're not in those two categories They cannot share any information with anybody even the police unless you were in danger of harming yourself or others But like they cannot they legally cannot tell anybody anything And so it's just comforting knowing that like you can completely trust them and they know what they're talking about and like You don't have to worry about like oh, what if I like talk about how I truly feel about one of my friends and like it gets out Or whatever that's not gonna happen, and you also don't You don't feel as like ashamed or embarrassed because this is what this person does for a living like They they know how to help you through it. So that was how I cope with it going to therapy was so great Cannot recommend it enough. I will probably go back to therapy It's wonderful even if you don't have because that was the other thing too is for a while I put it off because I was like oh, I'm not like super depressed or anything like I don't think I have any like huge issues or whatever You don't have to like just even if you are completely happy like going and talking to a professional Just about what's up? You know it's it's great. It's really really helpful. What's your favorite thing about your girlfriend? I think how weird she is she's like one of the weirdest people I know in the very best way because I feel like I can be like Completely my weird self around her because she matches it or goes above that But yeah, she's she's super super funny She's fucking hilarious and she's super creative and she's really talented and she's really kind But I think my favorite thing is just like Just how weird she is and makes me happy that she feels comfortable being as weird as she is around me And I'm really happy that I feel The same way that I can be weird around her. Do you have big pee pee energy? No, but I want to That's something that I actually want to work on like the meme aside just being more confident I want to be more confident these last couple years I've sort of like developed anxiety and so I want to deal with that better And I just want to be more confident and more sure of myself and not be as afraid to say no to things or speak By mine because a lot of times I'll just go along with things because I don't want to tell people my real Opinion on it or I don't want to disappoint people and I want to just tell people how I feel more be more confident So yeah, you jack off everybody jacks off dude Of course completely hypothetical if it meant that everyone in your life all of your friends family your girlfriend Etc would never be unhappy or experience her again. Would you sacrifice your career 100%? Absolutely because Also, like if my friends and my family and everybody around me is happy I will be happy too, but I would absolutely I would sacrifice almost anything for my friends and my family and like my Relationships and like everything for everybody to be happy. Of course. I was are you a milk drinker because we exist I like milk. I like chocolate milk. I like blueberry milk. I like strawberry milk. I like milk milk I like it and I will drink it straight up and I'm not afraid to say it.  I like dogs more. I love I love dogs Have you ever thought of quitting YouTube because of hate not because of hate but because I was like Oh, is this something that I really want to do anymore Is this something that I would like want to devote my time to is this something that I think is going to actually Like benefit me in the long run like that's all factors of like doing YouTube and like especially doing it full time Is like okay is this worth putting as much energy as I'm putting into it No matter how much you love it. You got a you got a way out the pros and the cons, you know I've never thought of quitting YouTube because of hate. That's never been a thing But there have been times where I've for sure thought about like Should I be putting as much time into this as I am? Is there something else that I want to follow more? How would you go about telling a girl that you like her? I? Know that this seems Maybe not like the easiest thing to do but people like confidence Just go up and just say it try You're very best to not be nervous but I guarantee you if you like a girl and you go up and just say without hesitation just like hey I Just wanted to let you know like I I really like you a lot like I like this this and this about you Word it better, but just confidently be like hey.  See what happens wholeheartedly.  No, I love Henry and Chica, and I there's almost nothing in the world that I love more than Spencer, but no I wouldn't die for any of them unfortunately.  I think being too accusatory is something that I've that I've done like not like owning up for my mistakes at all but like being like oh you did this and you did this and Like in many relationships that I've been in like I think I've done a lot of like pinning the problems on other people And I don't take responsibility for things that I do enough because but whatever So yeah, I think that's some of the worst mistakes. I've made is just not thinking about how I'm Impacting the other person and thinking more about like how what they're doing is impacting me But I don't think enough how about how maybe I'm impacting them stuff like that because it's two sides to every coin dude It's relationships are a joint effort It's almost never Completely one person's thing that's making something go wrong or right or whatever.  So you know reflect on yourself How does it feel being famous or as well-known as you are in this time period also? Have you ever been threatened as a youtuber? I Don't think of myself as famous at all, but like I know that I'm more or less in the public eye It's Like everything it has its pros and cons like it's cool Like being able to go to conventions and see people that watch myself and it's cool like having a community And it's really cool being able to like do this as a job But also sometimes it sucks like this doesn't happen like I get recognized like a few times a week Maybe it's not like every time I go out I get recognized like it's not at that level But like sometimes I'll get recognized when I'm in a really bad mood and like I just don't really want to Talk to people and like I'll always stop and like take a photo with somebody or whatever but sometimes There have been times when it's like I really don't want to To talk right now like I just want to be left alone Like I don't even want to talk to my friends let alone like Someone that watches my videos. I say that meaning like I love and appreciate you guys so so much But it is in a way talking to a stranger because you guys know me I don't know all of you guys and so sometimes being stopped by By essentially a stranger is not something that I want if you see me out in real life Please stop me and say hi. I'm almost always down to say hi. I don't know if there There's really ever been times just like out in the wild that I've said no to people at conventions and stuff Sometimes I have to say no because I have to get to different places and stuff like that some of the downsides It's it's tough because I feel like there's nothing that I can publicly do without people Watching or judging or anything like that, you know It's also like impacted a lot of my friendships too Because there's been a lot of people in real life that see that I have an amount of success and an amount of Fame and like they get really hungry for it like when I moved out to LA I've had so many people from high school hit me up randomly and it's very obvious why they're doing it And so that that kind of sucks. Have I ever been threatened?  I've never really been threatened before. No, I've not had a lot of like Creepy interactions with fans or anything like that.  I will not take any pictures I will not talk to you. I will just ask you to immediately leave. Don't In any sort of whether it's a youtuber or like a mainstream like celebrity or whoever if you don't know them personally at all Do not go to people's houses.  Unless you are invited there or you are a good friend.  I will not take a picture with you.  Anyway, I think I'm gonna end this here Thank you guys so much for watching. Thank you for your deep deep question. Did I scroll through all of them? I might have scrolled through all of them. Thank you guys so much for watching. Thank you for your deep questions I hope that you were satisfied with said question answers Thank you so much. See you soon


This study examined the expression of musin-4 and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, HNSCCs. It was observed that musin-4 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared to normal epithelial tissues. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between tumor grade and intensity of musin-4 expression. This suggests that musin may forth be involved in the progression of HNSCCs. This article was authored by Nyla Umair, Nadia Nassim, and Saima Chaudhry.


It's not even closed. This verse is clearly America's most favorite verse. This is the verse that's quoted most often in America. How popular is this verse? It's so popular that even non-Christians will quote this Bible verse. As a matter of fact, non-Christians quote this verse more often than Christians do. Why? Because this verse is used to try to hold Christians back from trying to let people know what the truth is. What's this verse that we're speaking of? This is in Matthew chapter 7. You've heard it before. Oftentimes, when you hear it, though, you hear it, people quoting it out of context. That is Matthew chapter 7, where he says, do not judge. How do they quote it? They'll say, judge not or do not judge, lest she be judged. So let's look at the passage and see how they're doing it and why they do it incorrectly. The passage simply says, this is Jesus speaking. He says, do not judge so that you will not be judged. Now, the question is, is he telling us to not judge at all? Well, further examination, we look and see that that's really not what he's saying. As a matter of fact, he tells us to go ahead and judge, but he's telling us how to do so. Remember, Jesus is speaking this kind of in view with the Pharisees in mind how they do things hypocritically. He calls them hypocrites, as a matter of fact, how they say one thing but do another. They put on the face of one disguise, but inwardly or in another way, they are actually something else. And so he's really speaking about not judging hypocritically. So what does he say? After he says, I do not judge that you will not be judged. Verse two, for the way you judge will be judged and by your standard of measure, it will be measured to you. So the same thing that you would put on someone else, how they ought to receive it, the way you judge your standard, that's exactly how it will be judged towards you. Now, how will God do so? Will God send someone else to judge with the same standard or are we speaking of him judging? Well, ultimately, obviously, this is God's judgment. How he uses it, that varies. As a matter of fact, interestingly enough, it might often, as a matter of fact, it might actually be that when you are judged here on earth, you go through something. Sometimes people are so hypocritical, so entrenched in themselves, they don't even realize what they're being judged for or that they're actually being judged. The point will come, the time will come when they will actually know why, when they stand before the Lord. But for us, when we judge, we ought to judge, but to do it right, what he says. Verse three, why do you look at the spec that it's in your brother's eye but not notice the law that it's in your own eye? In other words, you're looking and this seems to give an idea of you're constantly looking. You are, this is the present active indicative. This could be a one-time thing, but more than likely, this is an ongoing thing you are always looking at the way someone else does something and what's happening with this person. And you may very well be right. You could be judging or noticing the right thing. However, if you're noticing that too long intently, it's hard for you to notice their sins constantly and then notice your own. And so what does he say? First, the first thing to do is to then, go down to verse five, you hypocrite, first take the law out of your own eye and then you will see clearly to take the spec out of your brother's eye. And so he didn't say don't take the spec out of your brother's eye, but first deal with yourself first. That gigantic log that's in your eyes, it should be bigger. As a matter of fact, it probably is since you're sitting and looking at someone else, deal with that first, then you'll see more clearly to help your brother. And let's be honest, we make judgments and assessments all the time, even without noticing, even without trying to, we judge a book by discovery. If a person is overweight, you will judge that that person likes to eat, maybe not like to work out, or if a person is in shape, we'll judge that person likes to work out. They care about their fitness. Certain folks, they care about their hair. You can make that judgment. Certain people, they care about what clothes they wear, how they appear physically to other folks outwardly. You can make that assessment, sometimes properly, sometimes incorrectly. We do that. But should we? Well, sure. How do you know if someone is in sin? How do you know that you're in sin? Well, we take what they're doing and we compare it with the scripture. Oftentimes, you'll hear people from a particular alphabet community who will use this passage. Don't judge me. Or you'll even see tattoos or shirts or what have you. Only God can judge me. Well, number one, he will. But two, you don't wanna get to the point where you have not surpassed or allowed someone else to judge you and you heated before you get to his judgment. So I can promise you, his judgment is far worse. Take the judgment that someone gives. Take this assessment and ponder it. Is it true? Are you behaving in a way that's ungodly? Oftentimes, people will use this passage because they know that they're wrong. They know they're in sin. They'll use this as a defense. Question would be though, what are those passages might they also know? Likely not many. Is it okay to tell a person who is behaving in a racist fashion to let them know that what you just said or did was racist? Is it okay to make a judgment about some woman being beaten or hurtin' by some man or some child being harmed by another adult? Is it okay to judge that? Is it okay to judge certain levels of pollutants or what have you in our food or in our water? Is that okay to judge? Is it okay to judge when a criminal does something wrong? Is it okay to say that's wrong and you must pay for that? Is that okay? Oftentimes when people bring this passage up, they bring it up because they know they're doing something, maybe not necessarily criminally wrong, but certainly morally wrong. And because they have this guilt in them, the way that they can kind of offset the guilt is to quote this passage back at the person that's making the statement. This is what our question, America's favorite passage. However, this is also probably gonna be one of the passages that are gonna condemn them. Now question is, does this passage give us the right not to judge, but to be judgmental? In other words, live a lifestyle of going around, making judgments towards other people? No, no, that will cause us to have to look at our own heart if that's what you're doing. Then the issue is more with you than others. Again, you cannot help someone if you are hypocritically doing the same thing or engaged in something else. That means also that because you also have committed some sort of sin or some sort of moral failure or something like that, that you are no longer able or qualified to also make the assessment. As a matter of fact, people who have gone through things who have sinned and fallen are in a better position to recognize it and help someone else who's in the exact same position that they were in. And so it's good that people who have succumbed to certain sins are no longer in those sins because then they can be best positioned to help that person come out. Someone who was addicted to drugs can tell another person who is dabbling in drugs to tell them best why you should not and what it leads to. Someone who had some sort of sexual issue can turn to another person who is now dealing with the same thing. And so in this regard, the person who was in some sort of sin or some sort of moral failing is to have someone who was just like them to then judge them after that person has removed the law from their eye. That person can then see clearly to help you or someone else who was in the same situation. And so judging is not only is it perfectly fine. As a matter of fact, it's absolutely necessary, especially amongst those who are of the household of faith. Why? Because the Bible tells us that we are going to judge those professing Christians. We don't know who actually is ridden, but we make judgment on them, letting them know this is what the standard is and how we're supposed to live. But without question, this passage is clearly the most quoted passage. It's taken out of context. And because people bring this up oftentimes they want you to stop making godly assessments.  No, we're not being judgmental. We're not being condemning either, but we will make an assessment based on the scripture and that is perfectly fine, perfectly godly, especially if it's done with the right heart. Amen.