Hey everybody, we are live Dr. Jill live you're back for another episode with a special guest again today today We're talking about gut health and the top probiotics. You should know about and you should be taking I have a lot to say about that which will dive in today Just so you know you can catch all of our previous episodes on my YouTube channel Which is just under my name on iTunes or Stitcher wherever you listen or watch podcast And please stop in wherever you listen or watch and leave a review if you're on YouTube Hit that subscribe button so that we can get this out to you and more people Today today, I have a amazing guest who's been a friend for a long time. I just think about Tom I'm an energy student a second But you were even the one who introduced me to the natural bath who ended up being in my office So we've had this really neat I remember where I was standing we're like, hey, I know this person who might be a good fit for your office And then it turned out to be a beautiful. She's a beautiful friend of mine now So thank you for that and so many other things over the years. I just appreciate You're an amazing human being and I love people like that who do great work in the business world and in the health world But also just who are amazing human beings and you're one of those so I'm super excited to have you today So for everybody listening, I want to introduce Dr. Tom Dr. Tom Bain is a chiropractic physician and a public speaker dedicated to understanding and improving the gut microbiome as a President of microbiome labs. Dr. Bain travels around the world to educate other health care practitioners on the connection between the gut microbiome and many chronic diseases His extensive understanding of supplement manufacturing and clinical experience have given him an unique ability To formulate integrated solutions for digestive and immune health in his own clinic Dr. Bain has spent over 24 years helping his patients to optimize their digestive health improve autoimmune conditions and enhance detoxification Though he's very active in his role at microbiome labs He continues to see patients a few days a week at his clinic pure balanced natural health in Glenview, Illinois Which is not far from where I grew up Tom So welcome. Thanks for coming on the show Thank you for that intro. It's very great to be here. I'm excited to talk to you Me too me too and like I said, I just think the world of you and what you've done and I love your story I know a little bit about that but I want to share it with listeners We have a lot of patients and clients, but we also have practitioners and to me It's one of those really special stories about like thinking outside the box being curious dreaming big and you've done some amazing amazing I mean, I don't know of any other company that's made such change in our field and really even transform my own practice Would you be able to share with us a little bit about your journey? Like how did this happen? How did you start? Yeah, you know, I guess I guess the one of the more pivotal points was was actually meeting my wife so I was in chiropractic school coming from athletic trainers sports medicine type of background and I met my wife and she her dad was a chiropractor and he did acupuncture and he used botanicals and and different things and it was more of a natural medicine approach to Two things and I'd start hanging out with her and started learning more about what she was learning and And then afterwards her dad said I've got two chiropractic clinics basically functional medicine clinics in the mid 90s And he was transitioning to the business side. He was he was running a vitamin manufacturing addition companies so We went there took over his practices and and he got really absorbed into the functional medicine world And and then helped him with his business and actually helped him uh sell his business metagenics is bought him in the early 2000s and so metagenics european Headquarters is an ostentatology, which is where my wife's from And where she grew up and where my father-in-law's company We built and sold to metagenics in the early 2000s. So I kind of We recognized the business side of functional medicine at a very early age of my career um, and I really You know, I I always saw patients. I enjoyed it. Um, I I but I I really feel like I make better decisions as a businessman because Of my background in in practice and and working with patients and understanding pain points for for physicians So after we sold the metagenics moved back to the u.s. And um started a Family practice in the north of berge chicago and but I always stayed active on the business side and had a few Few things it didn't quite pan out. I was importing some botanicals from germany for a while and Just doing a number of different things, but I came I became friends with caron christianan Uh through Another project and we had done a few things on the side and And he presented me with the the initial information from the scores And uh because he knew I had connections to metagenics He wanted me to to sell the sports the metagenics. So he gave me all this data on the scores and I was blown away. I was saying And uh, unfortunately for us a number of the big boys that we shopped it to they they either didn't want it Or they were just gonna they didn't understand it. I don't just couldn't wrap their heads around it Um, and then the other ones were like, well, we'll just put it on the shop next up all our other products and And and it really is it's it's such a disruptive story You know when when we first launched a company the the first two or three years We only did one lecture one webinar or when we were in a conference We did the title the lecture was forget what you think, you know about probiotics You know and it was just kind of in your face. It was like we can either do this And quietly do it or we could go out and build a playground punch the bullying with those and see what happens Yeah, and so we did we we we went with the idea that You know what was happening in the marketplace and in the mid 90s And then and and then if that you started to see Products like lack of a still lack of a still a sporogeneous, right? You started to hear Some of these things vary you had to really be into gut Know about these things but you would hear about lack of a still a sporogeneous is actually mischaracterized The soil Phyllis but but back in the days. I remember using it and being like this stuff's pretty good. What is this stuff? you know and and it kind of needs sense, but um We what you saw in in the In the marketplace is It was based on market principles. It really wasn't based on science. Yeah, right? So it's like, okay. Well the best best probiotics for jewelry. Okay. Um, where's the study that shows that right, right? There is one. Yeah More cf news is far better Okay, where's that research there are there is none. There's not one study that shows 50 billion is better to tell you in fact a lot of the the lack of digital based Research is actually done with one to two billion. Yeah They use a study on one to two billion to justify some intent Right, it just it didn't make sense and it and it was like, where does this end? You know now we got a hundred and twenty five building right where we're Stopped with this, you know So and and what are you basing it on? Right. So and and I was just as guilty. I would say I I talked in marketing talk when I talked about probiotics Well, you know, you need to rotate them every few months because blah blah blah I was like, what did I base that on? Well, that's what my rep told me. So that's what I regurgitated You know, but it it there really was no research And then the last thing that was is really it's it's an annoying component of the of the functional medicine market is this I have a research study on this ingredient And I have research study on this ingredient I'm going to mix them together and they're going to do these two things, you know, that that's not science Especially when you're talking about biologics like bacteria, you know We don't know if they cross react with each other and they don't like each other So you have to do finished product research. You have to have clinical studies on your finished product And when you look at functional medicine space There there's none there there was none in the you know when we launched and and so we kind of just took the attitude of We're going to disrupt this marketplace and we're going to disrupt it with science Before we launched spores were all over agriculture, aquaculture veterinary medicine The predominant products probiotics that are used are for based and the reason is because of those types of industries They measure results. Yes. I give my cow this And my cow is healthier than I make more money then they can justify it If they're just throwing dead bacteria at them and it doesn't do anything for the cow then the farmer doesn't continue to do it and so So we were very fortunate to uh to meet dr. Simon cutting who's uh from most premier Spore researcher in the world And he had a whole bacterial bank Wow, and then through different conversations with him we were able to put together the Five strains of spore-based bacteria that make up mega spore. Yeah Amazing. I mean, I love hearing the journey because um My own journey coincides a little bit 21 years ago. I had cancer and then Crohn's disease And that was again back in the early ages of what we knew about probiotics and things and all I remember was I did not do well on any of the probiotics except bacillus coagulans That was the only thing out of the market then I didn't know even as a practitioner I was in med school then but I didn't know what it was. I just knew this one's different, right? So it's funny one of the reasons I've always been so passionate about your company and mega spore and all the probiotics since then is Because I knew back then something was different about this. I didn't even know it was a spore back then, right? I just knew it was different and it worked it worked dramatically and it wasn't a lot of billions It wasn't a lot of you know, as you and I know never when it can be dead These have been uh embryo lized in amber for tens of thousands if not, you know longer of years and there's still no work So they don't need to be and then the fact that um all the studies on diversity That was also something that caught my attention So anyway, I've been a huge fan even before I knew it because I like what is this thing that works so well for me And that was bacillus coagulans now. I'm I'm just the still subtilists. It's one spore It's your h u 5a and it is the one that I will give to my toughest patients And I have yet to have anyone who has a reaction to it now that might be there I'm sure there are some people who would but literally it's one of those products I can guarantee that they're going to do well on even the most sensitive guys Sibo the sifo the dysbiosis the Clostridia you name it There's so many things about the spores. I am just the biggest fan And of course, that's why your company's grown because you have a product that really works So it's neat to the backstory though because you've obviously had a really great business mind And that's it took someone like you and Kiran who to really take it to the level and I'm I remember those lectures Or like who what is that? You're right But the the put river the question for us who are in practice that works Yeah, so initially we we didn't know exactly what we had right like and and and we each had day jobs and you know, this was a kind of a side hustle thing in the beginning and so, you know The one thing that we understood though was even the sport itself Um, if it's not in sport form, it's useless Um, and what we were noticing is that you know, okay one there is no there was no multi-sport Formulations in market before we came along, but then secondly Even some of the single strain Products that were in the marketplace when we evaluate them sometimes there'd be you know 30 sport forms meaning 70 percent of the product was probably Being destroyed by the stomach acid just like lack of a source of different bacteria to destroy by the stomach acid So so there were so many interesting pieces to it. So the first thing we did We could afford to be honest with you was to to have an independent laboratory Just analyze products What does it say on the label? This one says 50 billion how many how many are actually in the the capsule when you analyze And then how many survive through a simulated gastric system? So a ph of 1.2 for two hours and then bile salts For 20 minutes and so so this is a standard usp model And so we thought well, let's do it. So we took every product from the professional space And and one or two from the retail space And we analyzed them some of the products that said 50 billion on the product actually 250 billion in the capsule Now, why would somebody put 250 billion in the capsule when they're only charging you for 50 billion? All the reasons quite simple. They know their products dying on the shelf They know that they've got to have 50 billion by the expiration date. So what was interesting is the overage Um crazy amounts of overage because of the loss of the bacteria over time Uh, but it didn't matter. It didn't matter if there were one billion like there were in some yogurts, uh, that we saw There was just relatively small amounts Or we had 250 billion in in a label and a bottle that was labeled 50 billion Didn't matter how many it was. They were completely destroyed in the gastric survivability model Not right 50 percent destroyer. They were completely destroyed, you know, so so to the So then and then the spores when they survived So that was that was our first thing that we did our survives years dozen.  What uh, what other types of research are you doing? and he mentioned What essentially was a micigun stuff Um, and and we were like and he's talked about from the perspective of card of cardiovascular Wow And yeah, and he's like I have a model what we do is we we feed a high fat high caloric Uh meal to patient and then we monitor their blood and it's five hour mark post-brand only we see a five to six X spike in their lps and uh, and then we can test that against that We can see if you can prevent it and treat it or whatever it might be And I was like that's the micigun stuff. I'm like, uh, let's do it. Why not? We had some data on h258 that the subtilists Uh work helped with the tight junctions and some things like that we had At least enough data to think well, let's give it a shot And so What we were able to show is a 45 reduction in lps But the the control of the placebo group it the lps actually increased over time So it's actually more than 70 difference between the two groups Um, so so basically this proved one humans have micigun So the first study that we did where we actually Prove that health humans have uh permeability issues in their gut and was that the study in the college students That age group or was it? Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, so we fed college students Uh a mcdonald's breakfast or uh or was a cheese pizza from a gas station Those are the two things that we found were able to create Endotoxicity and help the patients and we were able to increase the amount of lps that was circulated through their bloodstream Wow. Now tom, I just want to pause here real quick for the listeners if in case I just flew by you So cheese pizza from the gas station and a mcdonald's breakfast And you were able to take a healthy college kid and induce intestinal permeability So I want to make sure that you're listening you hear that Hey everybody, I just stopped by to let you know that my new book Unexpected finding resilience through functional medicine science and faith is now available for order wherever you purchase books In this book. I share my own journey of overcoming life-threatening illness and the tools and tips and tricks and hope And resilience I found along the way This book includes practical advice for things like cancer and crone's disease and other autoimmune conditions infections like lime Or epstein bar and mold and biotoxin related illness What I really hope is that as you read this book you find transformational wisdom for health and healing If you want to get your own copy stop by read unexpected.com There you can also collect your free bonuses So grab your copy today and begin your own transformational journey through functional medicine in finding resilience And so then we send them home with a 30-day supply of the probiotic and then came back and did the same test again And we like you said there was a 70 percent difference between the two groups That was kind of the drop the mic moment that was when we just Exploded and growth because one we're walking into a room of say, you know, I remember going into a room with 200 of Probably the leading chiropractors in the country were in one room in in Florida for a a chiropractic nutrition convention and There had been a sales rep on before me and people were kind of They were allowed it And it was and I walked up and I said, you know when I was in in my office on Tuesday seeing patients and everybody just went And started up and started listening and then I started saying and I've got this research study and like we need to have a research We we've never heard of that. It's like, well, I know it's a thing in science Right You know just use marketing principles to do it. I know what you need Um being a chiropractor myself. I taught a lot in the chiropractors Chiropractors are first responders. They like new stuff. You know, they want to be the first ones So we grew the first year and a half. We only did chiropractic shows Um, and then we started branching out into into the functional medicine shows But it was that leaky got studied in 2017 that really put us on the map And uh, and then it was like, you know, and I I always say that I was I was in phoenix At the last week doing a lecture with a bunch of docs and it's like, you know, I I always took the approach of You know I feel knowledge is power right and so so when when I'm sitting with a patient If somebody wants to help me with patients then give me knowledge Give give me give me the power I need to help that patient And we want to be able to save the patient. Look mrs. Jones You need to take this product. The reason you take this project is these products have been proven to help patients I have your condition, right? That's that's my Right, so so Fortunately with the leaky guy, we were able to do that with pretty much everybody that's in coming into your office Like nobody comes in to flat iron. It doesn't have Evidence about the estimate bloodstream after they eat a meal Exactly. So it's it's just the reality of situation We in our studies we saw that we we eliminate what had any Condition so these are what you would consider to be healthy, but the most and 55 of them had post-prandial endotoxemia So it's it's uh, it's an interesting thing and when you talk about people that are sick Yeah, or people and then you start looking at the data as far as obesity Cardiovascular disease Diabetes, I mean, it's all wing in fact. Um, I don't know if you know this but let me show you something real quick here on my shelf That has to me.  So this is the integrative cardiology textbook And my chapter and there's on the gut and on lipopoly saccharides and the heart And it's so relevant. I mean, that's what they're teaching the cardiovascular Integrative medicine and it comes from the stuff we're talking about right now and it in there. I talk about the power of spores And again, that's partially thanks to you because you brought that to my awareness And I remember the big just like you had that aha when you saw the coffee like the same thing for me It was like that's why I've been such an advocate. So I'm like number one. This makes sense number two It works number three. You've got the data so great work because you're helping people like me go out in the world and Change cardiovascular medicine Yes, yes, and I hope it changes the industry. I hope people start being The companies start being more responsible and doing finished product political research You know, I don't think you need to go out and do a bunch of studies on a big complex But when you're talking about live bacteria, you're talking about, you know, changing the microbiome different things like this prove it It doesn't it doesn't cost a lot when and and and I say this when I lecture it's really the The futures in the hands of the docs now Yeah, they can control what happens in the marketplace by speaking with their dollars and always supporting companies That that do the type of research that's necessary to empower them to be better doctors I mean it seems really happy like you Obviously, I love the fact and you brought this up a gold times.  But I have such a respect for and I hopefully I will always be someone who's in this clinic with patients because That keeps you honest bob roundtree used to say it keeps me honest, right? I loved how he said that because it is true when we see because the complexity of the human being is There's not no amount of we can write them a protocol and it works for so many people But there's always going to be more complexity and when we're in the clinic we're continuing to find, you know Solutions and actually see real people and now our climate of medicine is even more complex post-covid So we need this kind of curiosity and seeking science really as a balance So I appreciate that What's so fascinating to me is like what we're talking about a leaky gut But you've already brought up cardiovascular disease Yeah, you know and when we look at this whole covid fiasco um The people who didn't make it to cope with were people that had chronic leaky gut and had that Scythe of kind based inflammation All we know the guy does such a core core core piece in fact more and more even Recently the lime conference started coming out with just a microbiome section And it's like we know the microbiome is so so powerful and the data continues to point to this So tom, obviously we you and I are huge fans of spores. You guys have created some of the best products in the world I really believe that What's the future? I mean, you've got the some of the zen biotics that can psycho biotics We call them anything else on there isn't or what else have you been working on that? You think is going to be the next level up and gut health so microbiome labs is required in 2021 by those and so Basically, you know things just got so big And you know, you've got you know chiropractor and microbiologist running A company, right? We had 125 employees around the country. We had I mean, it was just a monster. Yeah We we grew so fast during kovat I know kovat was a difficult thing for a lot of people, but We managed to grow massively And when companies around the globe were looking at us, we obviously were Checking off all the right boxes and And so we took the opportunity We had a third partner who's a little bit older and he wanted to get out and that that's what initiated some of the conversations and And no designs came along and and there it's interesting. They're biotechnology companies. They're not a pharmaceutical company. They're biotechnology They make enzymes for industrial purposes Uh, if you name whatever laundry detergent you use the enzymes that had to come from no, wow So they're a massive company, but they did do a lot in human health And so they started this human health side to their business and they acquired Right before they acquired us they acquired precision biotics, which was an irish company and uh precision biotics has some very unique cell signal molecule products Right some metabolic response modifiers some bacteria. They don't necessarily change your microbiome They don't necessarily do what the spores do But they treat real specific situations and are able to to help people in certain situations um One of the strain one of the the euro strains in my opinion Is the 1714 strain of different bacteria in aluminum and that that's in this n-biome suite of the products It's a very unique product and it helps To shunt the breakdown of of tryptophan away from the neuro inflammatory Chinary and criminalinic acid side of a neuro degenerative neuro irritant To the more neuro protective side of serotonin melatonin And so that's a strange thing and so when patients were coming in with Into the big hospitals in new york city and things like that with kovat in the beginning They were they were they knew right away these people had an elevated level in the gas. What's that all about, right? So there's Disrupted tryptophan breakdown Is part of this neuro inflammatory cascade and the information that goes along with it is kind of that It's the brush fire That when the when the kovat comes in and then it becomes the fire everywhere And then the organs he choked off and the patient dies, right? So basically the worst outcome had high levels of quinolinic acid known that forever that's cdc information so so the 1714 strain is shown To share the breakdown of tryptophan away from the neuro inflammatory and more towards the neuro protective Um, and so and and we've been able to show that in doing that We improve a patient's ability to cope with stress. Yeah We improve on symptoms of anxiety and depression as a result of that shift and in triple defibrillator And so so it's very interesting product. It's it's not You know, it's I always when we're talking it's like it's a bifurobacterium lung So oh, I'm going to eat this bifurobacterium lung.  No, it doesn't work out It's an immune modulator, right? Yeah, this is a food source of peptidoglycans and those peptidoglycans are going to shift your tryptophan breakdown and help Uh, reduce some of the perceptions of stress and your ability to make it stress and to feel anxious and depressed So so it's it's it's definitely treating a symptom, you know So in from my approach, it's like I sit down with somebody and they're they're you know, say they're they're pretty uh They've been at whatever their condition is they've been at it for a little while Uh, there's some depression and anxiety that's either either at the root or maybe it's the cause of them not being able to get better Whatever you say, but when I'm sitting in front of them, I'm seeing somebody use an in the logical mess And they're they've got some mental health issues. They're they're they're anxious, they're depressed. They're not feeling well mentally Yeah, well what I could do with that is I can use the 1714 strain to treat the symptoms So they feel that uh, so that that you know, it's a little bit more of a positive feeling While I'm reconditioning your microbiome with the spores are making the the long term change to their immune and and microbiome health Um, that that will be the long term correction for all that But I can treat the symptom along the way Yeah, because it might take me three months Six months nine months could be a long time to get the microbiome back where it needs to be And uh, and some people they don't have that amount of time or or they can be a lot more productive If those symptoms were more in check So I think it's a hero product for sure. It's it's just one of those things that It's not available anywhere else. There's not Get a a food source of peptidoglycans. You know, peptidoglycans are interesting for human the development of human behaviors Right. We if you read about peptidoglycans, we we know that there's it's kind of there's some communication between mom and baby with peptidoglycans And and this initial development of personality traits has to do with with certain types of peptidoglycans But there's no food source of peptidoglycans. This is just a pregnancy thing And so but now with these bacteria, they're covered in peptidoglycans And so we're actually giving a food source of that. So it's it's very unique product. That's that's one very interesting thing And that's under the microbiome labs brand because we're now under the noblezymes on our luck along with precision biotics. So we're We're representing the precision biotics branded Ingredients in the positions market for the functional medicine They also So they have a very interesting it's a dead bacteria Instead they're telling right what we're getting is that there's no live bacteria in this thing But what it does is it gets in the stomach and it binds to h-pylori And pulls it out of the stomach out of small tests So it's a different way of addressing h-pylori introduction, which is the leading cause of stomach cancer around the world So so some very unique products, right? But what I love about it is no one's We're not we haven't chosen Our scientific basis, right? We we we know what the spores do we know when we're using spores We're changing the patient's microbiome. We're improving quality of the Strings that are in their bed in their microbiome like a garden of them, right? Like You can just throw seeds on the grass every day or you can till the soil you can fertilize it You can create an environment that's conducive for those things to grow, right? So that's what spores do They think reconditional microbiome change that so You can I can attest to that after 20 years on spores and that's the only thing I've taken honestly like It's a game changer. So if you're listening, this is zen biome and zen cope. We have them at doctors You'll health.com. I'll be sure and include links for you if you if you want to know those products wherever you're listening Um, because they really are great and just to summarize on your kind urinate quinolinic acid That got a little biochemical you and I know exactly this pathway what we're talking about But I want to for those of you listening maybe Like went over your head a little bit this quinolinic acid can be measured on organic acid testing in urine So if any of you've ever had an oat test you can look at quinolinic acid And one way you might know that you're sensitive to this or that you have high levels are If you don't do well with taking tryptophan or 5h gp You will shunt it into that pathway and create more inflammation So these are those few people that I give tryptophan or 5h gp and instead of sleeping their wake all night Or they're anxious so they don't feel well So if that's you listening this quinolinic acid pathway could be elevated And then I would recommend the zen biome cope for during the day and the zen biome sleep for at night So I love that you just talked about that pathway though because I did not I know that the effects of those But I didn't know it was related to the quinolinic acid pathway, which is profound And we're seeing it in cold water Yeah We're seeing those elevated quinolinic acid levels we're seeing dysfunctional drip Yes Oh that makes so much sense and yeah, it's way more common than it used to be so Tom this has been so good so full of good information and I again I always love learning from you and learning more about what you're doing and And just kudos to you for the business sense to bring this to market because it really has it's If I have to think of one thing out there in my store that's changed the practice the most In a good way, it's your products. It really really is so I love you No, but it's the truth though But being being a practitioner and then and then spending time with practitioners It's it's because of practitioners like you that were beyond one product, right? Because if if we just did business people we would just stay Right, let's do the biggest board exactly But there's pain points and it's like, you know, some something it's the inflammatory Valpations really kind of were our best teachers, right? But there was a need like not everybody got 100% better 100% of the time when they took the sport So we needed other products and and and it was having conversations with docs like you and getting what the pain points are And and and then thinking of things in a different way. That's how we've expanded to the whole line of products Yeah, well great work Thanks for all the good you put into the world and all the brilliance you bring and just again You've changed millions of lives because of this so Thank you, Tom And thank you today for taking the time to come on and tell your story and tell about it And hopefully in the next year or so we'll have you back again and all the new things that are coming out But I sure appreciate your time today


Cardi B has stormed the nominations for the 2018 MTV VMAs with 10 nods including video of the year, song of the year and artist of the year. Belkhaliz Alemanzar, which is Cardi's real name, also features in the categories for best new artist, best collaboration, twice, best hip-hop and more. Yes, baby mama, the cartas follow with 8 nods including video of the year, best collaboration and best hip-hop for 8 b***h. And we've even got an invite for you. The MTV VMAs are returning home back to where it all began in 1984 at New York's Radio City Music Hall. The nominations were exclusively revealed on MTV's new IGTV channel. Childish Gambino and Drake have both up for 7 nods with their vids, This Is America and God's Plan, going head-to-head for video with a message, video of the year and best direction. Bruno Mars has 6, Ariana Grande and Camila Cabello both have 5 and Queen of the UK, Dua Lipas scored 3 with Song of the Year, Best Dance and Best Choreography. It's the penultimate week on Love Island, a word I just learned means second to last and not last. And in the spirit of squeezing as much possible content out of the show, we are hosting the one and only Love Island Awards. Forget your 50K, forget your brand ambassador ships with detox tea companies, this is the only prize that matters. And the nominees for the muggiest contestant goes to... Number 1, Adam. First he stole Kendall off Niall and then he mugged her off for Rosie, then he gaslighted Rosie, then he got with Kendall, then she left and he got with Darriel, then he got back with Zara. In the space of a few short weeks, he's had more relationships than I've had in my entire life. Nominee number 2, Dr. Alex. Honestly, you have the entire villa coddling you like an oversized sunburnt toddler because you have no prospects because you have no game. Then you go to Casar Amor, get along really well with Charlie, but ditch her for grace and proceed to have a conversation more torturous than someone drilling a toothpick into your ear in which you ask her about her hobbies. Now you're ditching Alexandra for Laura because you couldn't see a good thing even if it slapped you in the face with a personalized plastic Love Island sippy bottle. And the nominees for the most mugged off are... Rosie because gaslighting is sh** and no one deserves that. Samira for being mugged off by the producers. Why'd you cut her scenes? Why didn't we get to see her night in the hideaway with Frankie? She was obviously one of the best contestants. At least we can still bask in that staged airport reunion and the thought-part play dates. Laura first wears then Jack, then Georgia, then Jack again. And all of Alex's partners. Honestly, Alex, come on. Most likely to score a charcoal toothpaste deal after the show. Jack in episode one, Jack in episode two, Jack in episode three. Most honestly, what are you doing here? Dr. Alex for having the sex appeal of a soggy paper towel. Charlie, he needs neither the prize money nor the money from brand endorsements. But he was a laugh and asked Ali out through a ridiculously elaborate boy that involved smearing lipstick all over his chest and some really sh** acting soap. We'll give him that. He also has really great butt cheeks. Horneous moment. Jack in new Laura's kiss. Both incredibly fit specimens in all senses of the word who could single-handedly bring football home next World Cup, presumably. Megan's koi glance. With a mere smirk and eyelash flutter, she's single-handedly giving leaders of humans worldwide more sexual excitement than they've received, well, ever. Number three, Idris's striptease. To quote the seminal coming-of-age film, Heather's s**t me gently with a chainsaw. Most please stop talking moment. Dr. Alex saying, pingsaw. George is saying, I'm loyal, I'm loyal, I'm loyal, I'm loyal, I'm loyal, I'm loyal, I'm loyal, I'm really loyal. I guess if you start to say it a lot, you actually kind of believe it. And finally, everyone discussing Brexit. Although I suspect it's not that much more shambolic than the actual Brexit negotiations. Most likely to score their own spinoff show. Jack and Danny's supermarket run in which they all get trollied and drive a trolley.  Megan starring in The Bachelorette, in which she slowly picks off a bunch of horny men all falling over themselves to share a quick chat, then runs off with the host instead. And there we have it, the nominees. Come back next week to see who wins the competitive prize of, and this is all we could find, a poor patrol scribble and swipe.


WXRT, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vulture Institute of Technology, Solopo. Now, let us move for thermodynamics two sessions. Already, we have studied in the first part what is system, what is surroundings, and how we define heat and work, and so many other parameters like open system, closed system, and isolated system. Then work and heat are the phenomenons, energy is in transit. We have seen the analogy with the cloud and rain. Now, very important calculation part or analytical part is calculation of work done during various processes. Now, before that, we must know what is the thermodynamic process. Again, like previous video, we will just see that what are the outcomes of this particular video. At the end of this session, you will be able to derive the expression for work done for various thermodynamic processes, and you will be able to calculate work done for a cyclic process. Now, before we go into the detail about the processes and their work done, let me ask you a simple question. What is a process? Now, process, if you ask someone what is a process, then one may say that if I am here at point number one, I may give to point number two. Then this is called as a movement from state one to movement to state two. Now, the question is, when I go from one to two, where there is single path available, this is one path, this is another path, this is third path, then this is another path. So there are infinite number of paths. There are infinite number of paths. But do we have infinite number of processes in thermodynamics? Theoretically, yes. Practically, not. So practically, we are considering few processes that I will mention you. And for them, how to evaluate the work done, expression for work done, we'll learn. And I will pose you certain questions so that you can find out the answers for those typical critical problems. So one thing is clear to you that process is a change of state of a system from one to two. In short, if I see the block, for example, suppose there is one Pi, P1, V1, T1, Rho1, then N1, and so, so, so, so many parameters. And there is another change from this to say P2, P3, P4, then V1, V2, V3. See, why I written like this? P1 may change to P2, it may not change. Sometimes it may happen that only P1 changes. And all other parameters remain same. Even then we call as a new system or new state because state represents a thermodynamic system in its entirety, that is very important. In its entirety means it is just like a coordinate system. Suppose on this XY system, if I say that I am at point, say, X is equal to five centimeter. If I say X is equal to five centimeters here, I'm not sure where I'm here, here, here, here, or here. But if I say that I'm at Y is equal to three centimeter, then I can get, look at the point. Similarly, any thermodynamic system, when I say that it has got P1, V1, and T1, it is one point. When I say it is P2, V2, and T2, I've said it is another point. If I say it is P1, V1, T1, and P1, V1, and T2, then also it is different system because only parameter temperature has changed. But I'm saying that out of this N parameters, if any one parameter changes or more than one parameter or almost all the parameters change, we say that system has undergone a process. Now, what is that process? Whether it is having a typical name, that is a typical thermodynamic name, that we are going to discuss in detail. And why we are interested in that? That is a very important thermodynamic question that I will tell you. Now, suppose I say, I see the PV diagram. If I draw a PV diagram. Now, suppose I'm here at point number one, and it has got certain volume, and say this is another volume I'm interested in. So, this is a V1, and this is a V2. Now, suppose I ask you, from this point, if I move to this point, say point number two, point number two. So, what has happened? Pressure remain constant, and volume change from V1 to V2. I go by this method. What has happened? Pressure is P1, volume is V2. If I go from this way, pressure is P1, volume is still V2. Then if I come by this way, and this way, what has happened? In this process, I divided the process into two parts. One is moving downward, other is this one. Or if I go by this process, and then by this process. So, you will wonder that in thermodynamics, why thermodynamics becomes very difficult? Because there is no exact equation that we have. We are always interested in the process, in the process diagram. This is called as the process diagram. So, whenever I have a process, then it is clear to you that, I have a constant pressure process. I have a constant volume process. I have got a constant temperature process. I have got a constant, say zero heat transfer, zero heat supply process, and so many other. So, we list some standard processes which are there that we use in thermodynamics. The first important is constant pressure process. First is P is equal to C. Now, you can see P is equal to C. How to visualize? Suppose I have a cylinder and there is a piston. There is a piston. There is a gas inside. There is a gas inside. If I supply heat, if I supply heat. As a result of this, what will happen? Molecules will get heat. Their kinetic energy will increase. They will impart some pressure on this particular piston. As my pressure is to remain constant, the piston moves in the upward position. So, this piston goes in the upward position. And let us say that this is a small displacement dx. So, what we say? If I put my hand on the piston, then what will happen? As I supply the heat to the gas, the piston goes up. If I don't apply any force, my hand will be moving in the upward direction. But if I apply the force, what happens? I will tell afterwards. So, what has happened? This is the movement. And pressure here is P. And pressure here is also P. So, is there any change in the pressure? No change in pressure. But what has happened to volume? Here, volume is V1. And at the end, it is volume is V2. So, if I want to draw this on a process diagram, that is pressure and volume. Initially, my volume is V1. Finally, my volume is V2. And my pressure is constant. So, naturally, from this, if I see, the net force applied on this piston. Suppose the piston has got cross sectional area A. And P into A is equal to force. And this force into displacement is equal to what I have done. So, what is my force? P into A. What is displacement? dx. Now, I club this. So, it is a P into small change in volume. Now, there comes calculus. When I am infinitesimally increasing the volume, what happens? This is my work done for a small change. If I take integrated from V1 to V2, I will get this as P into V2 minus V1. Now, the question is, whether it is a work obtained or work supplied to the system? That is very, that we can do by common sense. Because if V2 is greater than V1, V2 is greater than V1, what has happened? The term is positive. So, the system is giving positive work. Means, many students have a confusion that expansion means reduction in pressure. It is absolutely wrong. Expansion is defined only with respect to change in volume. Now, see here, here the pressure remaining constant, we have got a expansion. If I say this process in which there is decrease in pressure, but increase in volume, and pressure is not constant. So, in that situation, I have to find out PdV, and P is to be defined in terms of V. From V1 to V2, I have to integrate. So, this is a multivariate calculus. Means, I must define P in terms as a function of V, and then integrate it as a function of V. Or I must define V in terms of P as a function of P, and then integrate in terms of P. Anyway, integral PdV is going to be a burden. So, one thing is clear to you now. Say this is, it can go in this way also. So, there is an increase in pressure, and burden is positive. There is a decrease in pressure, and burden is positive, and pressure remaining constant. There is a positive work. Now my question, simple question to you is, simple question. Out of these three processes, one, two, and three, work done for one, work done for two, and work done by three. You put the less than equal to science in between. That is your task that you have to complete. Now, this is about the constant pressure process, and any relation that you have. Now, another simple thing that you may require is if I go for a isometric process. Many students do not know the term isometric, because isometric, metric is a term for measurement. And for isometric process, when I draw the PV diagram, my volume is constant. So, in this case, work done is equal to 0. For isothermal process, this is PV is equal to constant. You can integrate PV. You know that PV is equal to nRT. Put the value of P is equal to nRT upon V, and integrate. And integrate, you will get the expression, which you already know, that is nRT log of V2 by V1. If V2 is greater than V1, it is a work done. If it is less than, then it is work given to the system. If it is polytropic process or isentropic process, it is PV raise to gamma is equal to constant, same. Now, the task for you, show that work done is equal to P1 V1 minus P2 V2 upon gamma minus 1, or work done is equal to P1 V1 minus P2 V2 upon n minus 1. And simple question, w isothermal and w adiabatic. In this process, which work is greater for the same delta V? For the same change in delta V, which work is greater? So, you do this calculation. And in the third session, we'll see the first law of thermodynamics, its limitations, and why we need to go for the second law of thermodynamics. Now, those who are interested in, say, learning more about these numericals, you can refer to thermodynamics by P. K. Nagg, thermodynamics by Ennis St. Thank you for this particular, say, session. Thank you.


Hi everyone, in this tutorial I'm gonna be showing you how to check the operating system in Python. Sometimes we need to execute platform-specific functions, so it's very useful to detect the platform on which our script is running. To check the operating system, first we need to import sys module, so I'm gonna type import sys and then we can use sys.platform to find out the current platform. I'm gonna press enter and as you can see our current platform is Windows. Often when we want to test for a specific system version, it's recommended to use the following code. If our system platform, for example, starts with Win, then we're gonna write here Windows-specific code and also if our platform is Linux, we're gonna type Linux-specific code here. That's all in this tutorial. Don't forget to subscribe to our channel. See you in the next tutorial. Happy coding!


Dwi'n siarad. Efallai, sydd yn cydael i mi ddweud y dyfodol yma. Os ydych chi am hyn gyffredinogi, bydd eich fath, am y hyd yn llunio hi'r ngosloods, a'r ddionngり gyrwm meddwl newydd, ond mae'r dweud'r meddwl modled wedi'i meddwl. Ystafell y gynhyrch arall. Yn ymwneud ag gweld i'r llunio hefyd i'r adnodd yn gwybod mewn meddwl meddwl. Ond gweld o'n meddwl meddwl gwnddi i'r ddiong ynghylch ar y ddweud o'r ddysgu a'u cyfnodol, a i'w ffordd decyddiad o gyfnodol o'r ddysgu ar y masygl yma yw'r ddysgu yma. A gYNN tellio i'n credu ond y taethau gwd-ddechrau hyn o'r ddysgu yn cyffreddau a yw'r ddod ar eman ar hyn. Y rhaid i'r ystod y dych chi'n gwybod 아니� i'r ddysgu yn ymgynghwng, yw rhywbeth bod yn y ddysgu, gwybod i ei fydd yn hyn. Mae yna yna ddangos arni, cyfnodd unig ar ddod i wych chi wefio y cwestiynau na yw'r ildw i ddefnyddio gael fade시, rwy'n holl o'w'r llwyddiadig ymddangor ddod o'r adrodd amser a hi fyddai'r adrodd i diawn o'r iddyn nhw. A bod y penderfyn o'r cyfronflwyno, mae'r cwestiynau adrodd yn ôl yn gallu gwreithio gwyrddol yn cwestiynau. Ond ychydig of yn credu drwy dyma'ch gwaith o'r adrodd yn cydweithio gydweithio eu ddathun, schedules to have different effect based on from a metrics based on biology. So this is likely to introduce in consistency or heterogeneity into our model if we do this. The other approach is to split all of the doses apart without this end up with a very sparsely connected network. And we could even have treatments and doses that are disconnected from our network, in which case we can't estimate relative effects for them. And so that assumes that treatments are totally independent that there's no relationship between them. So what we'd really like is something in between. We'd like to be able to functionally model this. That's what we can do with MB&MA dose. So our first steps when using the package are to load the data into a network object. Once we have that, we can look at our data more generally. We can plot network plots, either at the dose level or at the agent level. To get an idea of perhaps whether there is a dose response relationship, and what it might look like, we can also run a simple standard network meta-analysis and plot the results at each dose of each agent on a graph to get an idea of what shape the dose response function might take. So here we can see for Allagliptin that we have a sort of non-linear dose response probably, and there certainly is a dose response. We wouldn't want to ignore that and kind of group all those doses together, or we'd definitely be introducing heterogeneity. So we can then fit the model, and to do this, we apply some sort of dose response function. So we define our treatment as being a specific dose of a specific agent, and then we can set this dose response function to be equal to anything that fits the data well and that we think might be biologically and pharmacologically plausible. So here, just as an example, this is an Emax function which is used a lot in pharmacometrics, and it's got two parameters. So we'd estimate relative effects for each agent, for each of those parameters, and there's a range of different modelling arguments and options we can do when modelling this in a Bayesian framework using jags behind the scenes, and we can specify priors, all that sort of good stuff. And once we've run our model, as well as being able to plot forest plots and rankings and other kinds of sort of post-estimation options, we can predict responses. And this is really useful because this allows us to predict at doses, perhaps, which aren't in the original dataset. And we can also compare our predicted responses from the dose response NBNMA, which are these curves with the credible intervals, to the results from the split NMA, which makes minimal assumptions, and that's these vertical solid lines. That's the credible interval for the split NMA results. And what we can see here is that, compared to the split NMA, the dose response relationship has slightly more precision, so we get a precision gain over standard NMA because we're gleaning some additional information from the dose response relationship. We're not just saying that we don't know anything about the relationship. Between doses, we're saying that there is some sort of functional relationship. But of course, that is reliant on the assumption that the dose response relationship is correct. If it's not correct, we'll be introducing bias, but we can evaluate this by comparing it to the data, comparing the model fit, and also comparing it to the standard NMA. So this is a very testable assumption in this framework, and it's the only additional assumption we're making over standard NMA. What we've also found in recent work we've been doing is that this can be used to link disconnected networks. So, for example, in these two, these are just two little example networks. If we were interested in comparing, for instance, these treatments in the networks indicated by the red dotted line, we wouldn't be able to in standard NMA because there's no pathway of head-to-head evidence between them. However, if we use NBNMA dose, what we're then modelling is the dose response curves, the dose response relationships for each of those agents, and from that, we can then estimate a relative effect between our treatments of interest. So this can be really, really advantageous in cases where you have disconnected network and you have sufficient dose response information to be able to estimate these. And because we're modelling on the relative effects as well, we don't have problems of having to adjust for prognostic variables. Other features that the package can do, it can do modelling using class effects, so you can assume perhaps that different classes of agents might have similar efficacy for some of the parameters. We can do consistency checking, which is really, really important in network meta-analysis, either a global check for consistency or a local check. Both of these methods we've built in also account for the dose response relationship as there's some sort of extra things to think about when looking at consistency there. And we can also model agent-specific dose response functions, so we can have a different dose response for different agents in our network if we want. What we're hoping to do in the future is to combine MBNMA dose with another package that we've developed and that's also available on Cran called MBNMA time to produce models that can account for both time course and dose response simultaneously, because this would be really useful in drug development, pharmacometric meta-analysis stage. And in particular, we'd then also like to implement that in STAM because for the time course models, they can take a while to run due to the correlation between time points that needs to be accounted for. So that's what we're hoping to do in the future. And yeah, these are just a couple of references for the key methodological parts going on within the package. Thanks very much.


All right, I guess we can get going My name is Dmitry Ivanov. I'm a manager of technology architecture in the city office and tell us Michael back is a technology architect in the team and between the two of us we will share our experience with This is a private cloud proof of concept with Red Hat Cisco NetApp using the Red Hat OpenStat platform is our cloud manager and using Cisco in NetApp using FlexPod as our infrastructure So quickly quickly on the agenda. So, you know, why we think private cloud? What design criteria and approach we came up with how we selected the technology and the partners Michael will talk about the actual technical implementation of the Of the proof of concept and in the end I'll cover some next up and some and the next steps and some kind of general thoughts on OpenStack and how we can help the community and OpenStack grow So quickly on the background. I will Just roll back about two years ago early in 2013 You know at that time tell us was Obviously, you know already highly virtualized. We were we densified we consolidated We were reaping off all the benefits from from virtualization. Let's put it that way So one area that we weren't, you know, very happy with was the the state of our infrastructure delivery It was fairly slow unpredictable Inconsistent, you know how one of these kind of typical request-based system where you know somebody would You know put in a request we would go and You know a designer will take that they will Go come up with a with a solution And and get a number of deployment teams involved to you know go deploy this thing and The end result as says as is that slow uncreditable Inconsistent, you know all of this so we wanted to change all that right we wanted to Kind of what we Envision at the time would be you know, we wanted to have this, you know a nice portal Services catalog, you know go, you know, select a bunch of Items one or two or three from from the catalog that you need You know you click the select button and you get those Those provisions very very quickly So we kicked off a project. We call it end-to-end automated provisioning and by the way end-to-end We didn't want it, you know just to be the you know just the compute here, but You know the entire scope of the infrastructure services with the networking storage, you know firewalling load balancers all that so We kicked off the project we We selected an open stack based Automation tool set And I'll just roll back not roll back, but you know fast forward Forward rather to kind of almost two years towards the end of 2014 and you know by that time We We achieved some pretty good results. So first of all we learned a lot right we learned a lot about technology but I think was most importantly we learned a lot about our organization in terms of you know the processes and the The organization itself our processes can we realized very quickly in that In that process that you know every team knew what What they were doing they knew how they were interfacing with with other teams But nobody had an end-to-end picture of what that process actually looked like so that was very positive We actually learned that documented that that was That was great So we also we also demonstrated that we can you know we can do automation for some For some very simple use cases At the same time, you know, we we realized that this approach was Kind of we faced quite a few challenges and and limitations So, you know in essence what we're trying to do was to you know transform a legacy I wouldn't call a legacy but a traditional it it environment for delivery of cloud services And what we found was that you know first off it requires is you know fairly complex integration not fairly like very complex integration, you know between our the automation tool set and You know the variety of Management tools that we had in the environment, you know all the ones that I have on the screen IP address management resource reservation capacity planning all of those so That wasn't the only thing though if even if you you know if you manage to You know to do that integration then we have to go and kind of live with it with it is so we we found that it's it is Also very difficult to maintain it because we created, you know a number of interdependencies between between tools that were managed by Different teams they owned by different vendors some of them were you know internally developed So that again was another challenge and even if you did all that You know you haven't done any you know we haven't done any automation yet You know you just kind of built our automation framework now. We had to start building or creating You know a fairly complex workflows on top of that in order to be able to you know to do the actual automation and The reason we have to go through you know all that trouble was If I can only make this thing work if I knew how Yes, it is this bullet bullet point right right here You know it has to do with the fact that the legacy infrastructure Or traditional infrastructure. I should use this probably a better term. It's just not suitable for cloud delivery, right? You know compute is the only tier that is That is you know virtualized or you know software defined whatever we want to call it And what that means is really that the automation framework You know can talk to you directly to an API in our case was the you know the the the v-center API and manipulate Manipulate those compute resources VMs basically Directly that wasn't true for the rest of the infrastructure not for networking storage firewalls You know and all that So in the end of the day, you know, we found You know two things that we can it can work to automate You know the provisioning for some from some simple use cases But you know, it was not going to transform a large complex You know traditional environment into a cloud environment and by the way, there's nothing there's nothing wrong with the with the environment It's it's we're actually very proud of it It is just you know, it's not designed for you know for cloud delivery, right? In this diagram here kind of demonstrates what I just what I just explained so you have the You know you have your silos at the bottom You have different silos have their own configuration tools on top of that you have a bunch of You know management tools that I just mentioned and on top of that you have the automation automation tool set And this integration that I was talking about is you know between the automation tool set and all of these different Different tools that I was I was mentioning so it's very complex on top of that you have the You know the actual the actual workflows Again the complexity You know the complexity and the kind of the issue the the challenges and limitations I mentioned are right here in this You know, it's not really the automation tool set. It doesn't matter which one you you know you select it could be You know You know You pick them right the big cloud UCS director you know different different Distributions of you know open-stack base tools Doesn't matter, you know, you're not gonna kind of the fundamental problem is down here. You're not gonna kind of Solve the fundamental problem the problem with the foundation with you know something in the very kind of the You know the you know the top floor of the building really right so This is the I'm not gonna go through through this this is the this is what this automated the workflows Look like as I mentioned if you're kind of up here, you know, you do that integration now You have to do workflows on top of it This is this is what a workflow looks like for you know just be building a you know building a VM I'm not sure if The room is in the room. I Hi It's his light. I shamelessly stole it. I just wanted to give him credit. Thanks a room Okay, I'll get to that later. So Anyway, something else interesting and that was really the way the most interesting thing that happened late in late in 2014 You know our discussions our conversations with our, you know friends from The development organizations kind of started changing in this way Basically, you know for first time and I'm kind of surprised and we shouldn't have been because we knew that was coming But it changed to a point where they say look, you know, we don't want to don't want it to kind of Spoon feed us infrastructure. We want to give you access to services And we're gonna provision our own infrastructure and we have this specific specific use case and I can't I can't disclose vendor names or product names but the the case was The was this basically they said look it's a very large system The only way we can we can deploy it. We can manage it is through cloud services You just have no out of way we can point at this thing to you know the deploy to one of the existing You know the public hyperskills like AWS or Azure We can put it to an open stack Base private cloud if you have one but the only way we can do it is through cloud services And by the way, we need the full scope. You don't just want to compute. We want to be able to You know Create the private villains public villains. We want to be you know, want to do firewalls load balancers the whole thing And it has to be it has to be self-serve obviously it has to be elastic too, right? we're gonna, you know scale up and scale down and we We So we have two things going right on one hand, you know our kind of current approach with you know, what I call a brownfield trying to Sort of integrate an automation tool set within within the traditional environment And we kind of knew that this wasn't going to get us to you know cloud services anytime soon And we also knew that we wanted you know, we wanted cloud services so basically the You know the requirements were for you know something like this and at best You know what we could do with the you know We just automation in the traditional environment was this which is you know a bunch of kind of pre-canned You know use cases, you know You know services catalog where you know you can go and select and build which was you know Which is pretty good, but it was not it was not this it was not cloud services, right? So the the result of all this was that you know We kind of the only conclusion we could make is that we needed a we need a fresh start We needed to you know start looking at a at a greenfield approach for you know How we built a you know a private cloud for and that's how we kicked off this POC So the first off, you know our design approach. I already talked about a lot of this You know build on a greenfield with dedicated network security, you know the entire infrastructure perfectly Purposely designed for you know for cloud delivery and what this means is You know, I tried to show on this on this diagram here first of all, you know no silos, right? second the the the Cloud OS, you know has to fully control the infrastructure if you look at from the infrastructure perspective the infrastructure has to Give up all control All control to the you know to the cloud OS Very much the same way as if you you know if you deploy a bare metal OS on a you know on any server You don't manage that how do we in any other way? But through the you know through the operating, you know Linux or whatever other bare metal OS you deploy you know say same concept and the third is That any You know any services from that infrastructure that can only be delivered through cloud API So that's the reason I I drew the whole thing circular So there's no corners, you know people can go around and and say hey, you know, I want infrastructure Some out of way, you know the only way it is true, you know cloud services So remember I talked about complicated You know integration with enterprise to set well Don't do it and or at least, you know, don't do it on the on the cloud side do it on the tenant side True through the API. So I'll talk about this a little bit In more detail a little bit later on The rest is just really a definition of a cloud, you know programming interfaces full sets, you know multi-tenant I'm gonna spend a lot of time on that not that the extremely important It's just you know, they kind of self-evident, right? Talked about this so at a very high level This is what you know, we kind of envision the cloud with would look like right there will be, you know, two data centers east and west two availability zones in each of In each of data that these data centers completely independent. So these are basically, you know four separate four separate clouds You know we there with their own a gateway. They'll obviously be a high throughput low latency connectivity between the the availability zones in the In the same data center, you know all connected through You know to our MPLS backbone. This was kind of similar to what This this this large-scale application large-scale service. I mentioned it was kind of Not kind of it, you know was was part of their of their requirement as well. So This next slide is a little bit more is a little bit more interesting because it shows the relationship between between the cloud and the tenants so you know first off They you know as you can see they they they don't share they don't share anything the the only way the tenants And and these tenants by the way, these are the you know traditional Traditional IT environments that we you know would have in the in the organization. So the only way You know the tenants can consume services through the cloud is through the cloud gateway and You know as it's kind of normal you'd have a control plane We have a data plane your data plane would have the you know will do You if you have applications and services that's pan across You know between the tenant and the cloud that will have your file transfer database queries web queries, you know RESTful API's you know all that the the control plane would have your you know would be Your cloud cloud API's and that is really the only way the the tenant can request and services from from the cloud As I mentioned if if you need to do if you do need to do any integration between Enterprise enterprise tool set And the cloud you have to do it on the tenant side, you know, I wouldn't I wouldn't recommend You know doing it on the cloud side. It's no different than the way, you know any tenants any treated by any of the existing You know hyperscale cloud providers, right?  You know cmdb here You're you're not gonna see you know support from your From your provider Other than you know what is available through you know through their common common API's So if you want to do that integration do it here, you know, don't don't clutter your cloud. So You'll notice this You know any V any of the managers here and they're you know a bunch available from And we haven't made any selections, but a number available from you know from companies like like Ericsson Huawei Juniper ALU So the reason I'm mentioning this is just they're just gonna go back to a slide over here You can't plug those with Waiting though. Yeah, okay To this you can only plug it to this right so just to reinforce that You know just a bunch of pre-canned You know catalog items in the services catalog is just not gonna do it. You need the We need the cloud services All right Okay, so now that we we kind of knew what the this cloud is is gonna look like It was time to you know select some technology some partners From partners perspective quite frankly, we you know, we knew at a time that we couldn't do it alone We needed we needed help so we we partnered with them and in Michael and I gonna talk about this so first of all from cloud management perspective Was a very easy You know very easy decision, you know wasn't wasn't even in the consideration that would be you know selecting anything else Open stack is you know widely adopted by the you know communications providers across across the globe tell us is Tell us is no exception. You know, we already committed to open stack You know for any V and SDN we already had some good experience with the open stack based products It is the leading you know initiative open-source initiative for You know cloud management As I said an easy decision. We weren't gonna do it alone In terms of we you know, we were not going to have our you know sort of build our own distribution of open stack in this case we decided to You know partner with red hats. They're already a strong partner of ours for you know OS and virtualization You know, we like their leadership in the open stack community the track record in You know delivering, you know enterprise class products tools You know, we didn't open with an open-source business model So with that I will hand it off to Michael who will cover the rest of our technology choices and the technical implementation of the proof of concept and thanks to the turn So for a compute and network infrastructure partner for our proof of concept or this proof of concept is Cisco We have a wide deployment of Cisco compute and converged infrastructure a number of our data centers and environments We have a proven sense of enterprise reliability and scalability through those systems and we have some familiarity So it just makes a good sense Cisco also has a strong commitment to open stack They have some reference architectures that are directly linked to the flex pod and specifically to the RDO distribution of open stack And you can find those at this link here Our storage infrastructure that we are using for this proof of concept is net app Like Cisco and that tell us how's a variety of net app deployments in our data centers environments Again like Cisco they have a proven flexibility and resiliency from an enterprise bubble We know that they have a strong leadership commitment to open stack. They're one of the first contributors to the open stack code base and Like Cisco, they also have some good reference architectures and tools for us to refer to to deploy And given that we are partnering with net app and Cisco it just makes sense to deploy our open stack to a flex pod There it is In this case, we are using a nexus 9k to fabric intercom X We have a UCS chassis that is Filled with the eight blade servers and we have a net app faz controller with cluster data on tap That cluster data on tap gives us the base things like continuous operations They have that storage virtualization technology that maps really well to open stack You know, they have the net app features You know, the other vendors have this to some de-deplication Net app has a mature center driver and there's the link to the reference architectures They have and they also have a reference architecture that is specific to the flex pod and red hat distribution of open stack These slides will be available Pictures oh, it's selfie you got a selfie. I see I see okay the The net app array was pretty straightforward to set up You know, they have a nice gooey that you can go into and here I just took a screen grab of where we're setting up the storage virtual machines We can apply some of the net app features, you know, the thin provisioning and de-deplication to the volumes that are providing up to open stack The storage virtual machines we do we do, you know, just in this proof of concept that does provide a nice sense of Isolation against other tenants that we may later put on there and that's sort of our The method they were going to use for multi-tenancy when we when we get to that point And then there's also a similar gooey for setting up the UCS chassis One feature that I really like about the UCS chassis and the UCS system for in particular. I mean, I know it's good for You know in general production operations is that they have this idea of the stateless compute Where every blade server is provisioned via a mechanism of a service profile So the service profile has something like I don't know 96 Unique uniquely identified configuration points that you can just apply to a blade when you put it into your chassis And for a proof of concept, that's very nice because you could set up different service profiles and apply them to the blades as your needs change And I show these guis but once you have your environment set up and open stack is running you wouldn't return to these guis You know, it's not something you have to continually return to to keep your environment running You know after the setup all of the provisioning and configuration that you'll be doing will be through open stack The partnership the consulting that we had with red hat was quite useful for us They spent a good deal of time with us. They came in did a planning session where we did all of the sort of hardware layout and Logical network designs. We did everything from setting up which Vlands and subnet we're going to use all the way down to Host names and what nodes are going to go on which server? And then after our planning session they came back and spent Five days with us. I mean, I guess that's a rapid deployment of open stack. I don't know But we spent five days setting up the open stack and we went through and we did a validation that everything was open running and doing what it needed to do And at the end of it, they provided us with a nice little Rebuild recipe that we can you know, we have our own sort of reference design guide now I should mention that we use for our install pack stack I guess the other option would have been to use the rail OSP, but we wanted to do rapid Deployments, so we use puppet and of course that provided us a bunch of modules that we can refer to and tinker with them modify as we go And now that we have our open stack environment up and running we can begin to explore And provide to some of our other internal teams their pox, you know I know that there's a team at Tulsa's that interested in platforms of service So it'll be nice for us to kind of explore paths with them. I Know that our security team is quite interested to see how we're going to Merge and use open stack within the Tulsa's environment You know as I begin to kind of show this environment out to our enterprise network How am I going to ensure that I'm not doing terrible things? We have a mandate to work on NFV and SDN and Then finally what we're going to be working with the I guess it's not in the net apps Mental if I'll show service, but we're going to explore some of the other storage features that are available and I think with that I'll hand it back over to a dimitar to talk about some of the more meta next steps for time Right, right. Thanks Michael All right, so quickly on the quickly on next up So these as you can see there's a there's a lot of work ahead of ahead of us So, you know priority number one will be these these two We got a we got to figure out, you know what our cloud gateways are going to look like remember, you know on this on the slide I talked about before I talked about You know control plane and data plane and you know the firewalls and so there's a lot of work to be done there With our partners from networking security Same Goes for the for the next item the multi-tenant C multi-tenant capability is how we do the tenant isolation how we apply the the security controls within the within the environment and You know service assurance capabilities building our only internal capabilities to be able to manage clouds, you know You know cloud capacity management practice, you know financial model, you know, how are you know, what are you going to do charge back show back, you know how we're going to meet or how we're going to you know do Charging billing, you know when you when you get to that to that point so Some some lessons learns here in the in a forms of you know things that you know from take these to the grain of grain of salt By the way, it this is based on based on our experience. Your environment might be different You know again, but you know, I know already talked about, you know, many of those don't don't try You know if you want to deliver cloud services don't try through Try to transform a traditional IT Environment into that you can you can still do and make sense to the automation in that in that traditional IT environment Just be realistic, you know, what kind of expectations you would we would gonna kind of have from from that effort If you want to do, you know cloud services if the kind of if your environment is just Kind of complex as ours, you know, I would I would just start on them, you know on a green field I already mentioned about the tools Don't try to try the integration on the cloud site if you have to do it, you know, do it on the on the tenant side Don't do it alone, you know, you probably could it's just not It's just not worth the kind of the time and effort You know, we don't have Our experience with you know partners was you know was great You know find partners who are you know motivated to be working with you investing with you similarly with you know within the The internal your your internal organization don't work in isolation, you know find partners find sponsors and supporters on the We tried this, you know, that will do it and they'll come approach. I didn't work for us You know, it's it's much better if you find real these cases that will be, you know, serve serve world by serve world by cloud delivery and now I'm shifting gears here a little bit away from the from the PC So we we're kind of we're coming to these conferences. We're told that hey, this is our this is our chance to Kind of voice your opinion of kind of what do you want? What do you kind of what are you asking for from this? You know for the community kind of which direction is going to go and So is is open stack the next the next game changer.  Next, you know, is it doesn't have the you know the functionality that is required Does it hide a lot of a lot of complexity compared to the complexities?  Does it have high level of usability and what I mean by usability is you know, easy to access easy to deploy easy to use You know, it's stable. It's operationally operationally sound You know, it's nice to be low-cost and again in relative terms You know and and lastly has a wide industry support both from you know tech providers and as well as tech consumers and a Linux and Unix are kind of the prime example of You know for kind of being a game game changer, you know first you know Linux Linux, you know solve the problem and which problem it solved was the you know the problem of basically you know abstracting the Abstracting the The computer right the single computer, you know providing a programmatic programmatic interface To you know to a single to a single computer then you know what Linux that is True kind of reinvented that through open source and lower the beta to entry for you know any for anyone to be able to kind of afford You know in the use computing literally not just organizations, but but even individuals right and Open stack kind of could be Could be on the virtue of doing doing the same for for the entire infrastructure stack, right? You know first AWS Azure Kind of solve the problem Invented the software data center or you know cloud OS data center OS whatever you want to call it You know so now open stack through open sources I think it's kind of poised to lower that beta to entry again at that level at that scope to make that easy you know of all available affordable to to to everyone and You know software defined we talked a lot about software defined You know, I just I just threw this out there I hope you know, nobody's gonna be offended because this is this is really a basic But I kind of speaking with with the people for the last of the last couple of days You know, I don't think it's it's really Not so much that it's not understood, but I think it's it's kind of watered down a little bit and it really is You know, it really is this simple You know similar to the way Linux abstracts the you know computer hardware so you can you know You can manage your processes files Network connections users and so forth and so on through a single programmatic interface doesn't matter what hardware you have You know, which which the CPU using you know, which vendor You know build it and all that open stack is Is going to do the same for you know the end-to-day end-to-end infrastructure in the entire Data center, it's not going to do it. It's already It's already doing it right so you can You can manage your VMs you manage storage, you know again programmatically through an open standard A standard interface so this is extremely the reason I put it out there because this is You know in my mind, this is you know extremely Extremely powerful, you know when you I think was the gentleman from PayPal yesterday the keynote who said the only thing that is between my Infrastructure my developers, you know is the is our API's right and if you give a bunch of You know solid API's to You know to a bunch of developers, you know, wonderful things are going to happen And this is really kind of why this is this is as powerful as it is All right, so Can open stack do this and do we care and so what is this it's a You know, it's an adoption curve You know kind of which is typical for these game changers You know and as you can see There's there's a lot of work that needs to happen in terms of adding, you know function functionality and usability maturity if you will You know for a relatively kind of low level of adoption and at some point You know over here something happens all of a sudden it it kind of it kind of explodes Everybody starts doing it. Everybody starts starts using it and And You know and so why do we care about this right if open stack is going to go to this point if you know if we're this conference I believe you know, and I think all of us believe that The only way well it can it won't be maybe the only way but Moving forward infrastructure is going to be delivered in a way that it can be It can be consumed through these programmatic Interfaces through, you know through cloud services and this and this line here that is the divider You know between the the halves on this side and the have nots on this side, right and and over here You know, you would have You know Amazon and Microsoft and then VMware perhaps and over here, you know, it's the rest of us behind this You know open stack community Trying to you know trying to catch up and this is why it matters You know for us to kind of as a community to help to help, you know push open stack you know through this Through this point so it really becomes you know functional usable, you know stable operational ready And it's you know, it's easy for you know for us to Not only consume the resources. It's already It's already easy enough, but to also Be able to you know to manage it properly and deploy it easily so and we You know, how can we help right we all have different roles in the in the community and I will just we're running out of time So I'll just touch base on the You know the developers here You know more functionality is great But we need to we really need to focus on usability make it make it easy to use easy to deploy You know easy to manage at this point if you ask me if I even if I have to choose between between the two At this point I would I would I would use more Usability more accessibility For the technology providers are very you know a very similar technology providers They you know they had a lot of these developers here. So you guys can also help with you know driving this You know open stack towards being being more stable more mature You know easy to deploy easy to manage You know for service providers Internal external doesn't matter. You know if you haven't started it get going You know and if you if you already have started just just don't give up. It's hard.  You already doing it, you know keep doing it and This is the this is the end of our talk Tell us the future is friendly Thank you very much. I don't know if you have a minute for you know question or two If we don't one one question If we don't this hour contacts Michael and I will be happy to you know talk to you guys Offline share more experience After the setup during the setup we we had some struggles, but Yep, we now have through our deployment a great availability I think I think that the the post build experience is quite good It's the getting there there you really we really did lean heavily on our redhead expertise to get that going And again, you know, we do I'm sure if you go to the Red Hat site or contact your Red Hat Consultancy they can provide just more deeper detail and and you know, like say they did provide us with a stack of documentation of how we got that to go Attempting to do it myself. I failed so There's that. All right. Thank you. All right. Thanks a lot