Hello, everyone. Welcome to our second Spring's Live series. Thank you for joining us today. I am Paulo Sousa Jr., course lead for SC3x, Supply Chain Dynamics, which is part of the MITx MicroMasters and Supply Chain Management program from MIT. I am happy to be co-hosting this live event today with my colleague Miguel Rodriguez Garcia, course lead for SC1x, Supply Chain Fundamentals. Hello, Miguel. Hi, Paulo. Hi, everyone. Thank you for the introduction. I'm really happy to be here with you and with our guest speaker and excited to bring the industry perspective to our MicroMasters, which is what we do in these live events. So today, we will talk about inventory management. And to do that, we are going to follow this same agenda as we did in the first live event. So first, our guest speaker will give us a presentation that will last around 25 minutes. And after that, we'll have some time at the end to answer some questions from you guys, from everyone in the audience. So that will last probably around 15 minutes. And we encourage you to use the Q&A feature in Zoom. Please try to avoid the chat, because it's really hard for us to follow the questions. So you have the Q&A feature in Zoom for that. And Paulo and I will be channeling all those questions at the end to our guest speaker. And just before going back to Paulo and to our guest speaker, I just want to mention that this event is part of the MITx MicroMasters Program Supply Chain Management, a program that we developed here at the Center for Transportation and Logistics in MIT. And as well as supply chain fundamentals and supply chain dynamics, which are both courses host in this event, the MicroMasters program includes other courses, a total of five. And some of them are currently open by now. So don't hesitate to check them out. We'll be posting the link for our program in the chat in case you guys are interested in any of the other courses that we have. So now back to you, Paulo, so you can introduce our guest speaker. Thank you so much, Miguel. So today we are honored to have Rafael Anunis joining us. Rafael is the Technology Innovation and Data Strategy Director at CMA CGM. Before joining the company, she worked for more than 10 years in different supply chain roles and consumer goods. And as a consultant, supporting customers and deploying digital solutions. She holds a bachelor's degree in naval engineering from the University of Sao Paulo. And a master's degree in supply chain management from MIT. By the way, Rafael was part of the first MIT supply chain management blended cohort. Before being admitted to the blended cohorts, she successfully completed all courses from the MicroMasters program. And as some of you may already know, one among many other benefits from earning the MicroMasters program credential is that you become eligible to apply to the supply chain management blended masters program at MIT and also to other universities around the world. All right, so welcome, Rafael. The floor is yours. Thank you so much, Paulo. And thank you, Miguel as well. Thanks everybody for being here. It's super excited to be here with like the this big cohort. I've seen a lot of people chatting from different parts of the world. I think this is really like the energy that we had in the MicroMasters and also at MIT. So again, excited to be here and be able to share a little bit of knowledge with the group. Let me get started. Share my screen with you guys there with me. And Paulo and Miguel, you let me know if everybody can see it well. Yes, I can see your screen. Yeah, it works perfectly. Awesome. Yeah. Thanks again for the introduction, Paulo, just again a little bit about myself and just some some things to to find myself or aid myself. I don't know what is the what is the word as Paulo mentioned? I was part of the first cohort in the supply chain master's blended program. So I completed my MicroMasters in 2017. And I apply for the blended program at MIT. A little bit of my background, again, as Paulo mentioned, I had a career in supply chain for consumer goods and for retail, worked as an independent consultant. I'm originally from Brazil, came for came to the US for the MicroMasters and then for the masters, actually. And then I've been in CMA CGM, a container shipping company leading technology and innovation since four years ago. I'm based in the US and the case I'm going to present is back for my consultant times and again, excited to to share the knowledge with you guys. So moving to the title. So I'm sharing about inventory management and how to align the company strategies with the right policies. Again, this is just a case that that I worked when I was a consultant back in Brazil. I think before we get started, I would love to know a little bit about you guys and your company's supply chain. And Lisa, if you can allow to the poll, I would love to know. What is your company's supply chain strategy? So I have three options here. Is your company following the lowest cost possible for a given service level? Or the highest service possible for a given cost? What is restricting your company's strategy? And you can, of course, be not sure. I think sometimes it's a little bit hard to navigate big corporations and like the changes and strategies. So I'd love to hear from you guys. And Paula and Lisa, let me know once it's. Yeah, they're familiar with like the timing for pulling. Let me know when it's a good time for us to close. Yeah, they're still voting. OK, so by now we have almost one hundred and fifty. So I think we're good to go, Lisa. And here are the results. Can you see the results? Yes, I can see the results. Yeah, it seems so it seems like the majority of the folks, it's almost a tide, but the majority of the folks have the highest service possible for a given cost. It seems like cost is really restricting supply chain from companies. I think this is interesting. But a lot of a lot of you guys are also saying that you have like the lowest possible possible, but it's a service driven supply chain, which is pretty interesting. And again, for those that are not sure, I do encourage you guys after this presentation and throughout this they are weak to think about that. And then in case you're not sure, try to find out what is really driven your driving your company's supply chain for you to be aligned with your country policies, with your distribution policies or any any planning that you you might do in the future. Thanks for the poll, guys, and thanks for the engagement. Let's get started. So just to give you a little bit of context. So again, I was a consultant leading the supply chain practice in a boutique consulting company. And we have this customer that was a cash and carry wholesale. They have around 30 stories in low income and very sensitive to price areas around 10,000 sqs and two major distribution centers in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, which is a big city. Just to give a little bit of context, I know there are folks from different countries, different geographies here. I'm not sure if all the geographies will have similar chains, but we're talking about a place where people go to either buying book or get big discounted items for their small business. So it wouldn't be uncommon to see folks that are on a restaurant to go to the chain and also families that are seeking to save money. So for those that thought about the supply chain strategy and eventually the inventory strategy of your company, think about a chain like that that is very, very driven for price, where their customers are very, very driven for price. What should be the strategy? So let's move on. A little bit about the problem here. So this call was we were helping the replenishment team that was placing the orders for the distribution centers to add inventory in the stores. And the recommendations could also the procurement team in that chain to place the order for the suppliers. And those suppliers, those vendors, they would deliver products in the distribution centers that would then deliver to stores. And those suppliers could also deliver straight to stores. So there are two major teams that could influence the inventory. So we started by one small scope here, but also influencing what the other team would do. So what were you trying to solve for this customer? They had a very high stockout perception for discounted items. So for those that are familiar with retail chains, if you go to the store and then you don't have a product, you have like your empty shelves, customers not happy and like they store managers are not happy. Some of the key items in the shelves were not there. So there's, and when I say perception, it's because they didn't have a KPI for that, which is again, it might be common in some places. Some places are, of course, way more mature and there are plenty of KPI to monitor stockouts, but just something to think about. The other thing is that was a very low adherence in the replacement solution. So there was an ERP that this replacement team here could actually place the orders, but they were not necessarily like following because a lot of times they didn't have the right products to actually send to the stores, right? Because this team here eventually didn't have this procured. And there was no fixed procurement portfolio, this is extremely important. This team here, like the procurement team, they were extremely opportunistic and they will buy items according to the price. So if they would see an opportunity, they would go there and buy like in bulk that specific item for that specific week or month. And for the customers, as I say, the customers were very, very sensitive to price, right? The customers that would visit the store, they wouldn't necessarily be very loyal to brands. That was not the point. If you would be loyal to brands, you'd go to another chain that was all about pricing. So what we did, and that's what I'm gonna go through in the presentation, we worked on a solution that was like segmenting the portfolio in kind of main two different items, right? And we did different strategies for forecasting and replacement management for those two different category of items, right? That's kind of what the solution was about. The way we did it, it was through data analytics and analytics of stakeholders, the way I'm calling here, really like going and understanding what were the dynamic of those teams here? How did they work? What was the thing that was important? What was the thing that were important for day store managers here, right? When I say analytics here of stakeholders, I know it's not necessarily something usual, but just something to have in mind. And then we also worked on different, again, different modeling for forecast and replenishment for those two different categories. And in that case, we deliver something simple, an MVP tool that a company could use and pilot the strategies that we were proposing, right? So it was important to actually like connect them to end with some action, things that they could actually like implement. So let me just walk you through how it worked, right? This whole thing. So a few insights that we had when we were like in this problem discovering, talking to people, but also like going deeper into the data that we had. So when we went through this data, we got a few insights, right? So we analyzed the seasonality, daily seasonality, weekly size of seasonality. We did some visual analysis. We did some indexing, testings. Sometimes we needed to adjust certain things to the stockouts because there were a lot of stockouts in some items. We really understood the procurement strategy that was not necessarily something documented, but again, interviewing stakeholders. And we also did some testings in running some regressions for the discounted items, what would be the increase in sales for those discounted items, right? I think some insights that were relevant for this analysis were, first, we decided to split the SQ segmentation into two different categories. And that was really key for this. We split those items in what we called replaceable and non-replaceable. So this first assumption that there was no brand loyalty at all was a little bit misleading. There were some brands and some key items that customers would really go to that place and look for specifically if they were discounted, right? So there were just a few, but let's say a milk for that specific brand was really in customer would go there for that. Tomato sauce for some specific brand customers would go there for that. Everything else could be replaceable, like the brands that were not necessarily like with high loyalty, it would be more price-driven. And those non-replaceable items, again, higher brand loyalty and sensitivity to promotions is specifically if there were discounted, people would go to these stores for that. Another thing that we found about like the weekends, that this seasonality is that the weekdays would be like relatively the same, but in the weekends, we had like a very high seasonality, right? So people would really let go there by in the weekend. Yeah, and just a few insights when we kind of start digging into a problem and what are the things that help us with that? So what we decided to do in terms of like modeling for this scenario after understanding this, the complexity. So the first thing is the forecasting, right? We do not start a replenishment strategy without a forecasting. So we split our items in those two categories. So for the non-replaceable item, those that couldn't necessarily be missing in the store and they were very sensitive to price, we had weekly forecasting by SQ in store, so very specific. It did include the promotion effect, the increasing factor from those regression analysis, what would change for this demand, for the demand of this product if I discounted the next amount of like currency, local currency. So for the replacement, the replaceable items, this was really like key. Traditionally, companies do forecasting and replenishment like SQ by SQ, but we decided to go by family, specifically because there was no brand loyalty, right? And there was no promotion in those items so there was no need to worry about that. So instead of forecasting a rise for that specific brand, that specific size or that specific SQ, we would do for the whole category, right? And we needed to standardize some units, but this whole idea gave us something that was extremely important, which is less variability in the demand. If you guys are following the course as well, if you have less variability in the demand, you'd need less safety stock. Again, that was key because we could lower the safety stock for the same service level, therefore lowering the cost with less demand variability. So again, we're forecasting all those replacement items just by the category. And again, advantage is here, less complexity, instead of having to forecast like a thousand items, we would forecast like 200 items. And the lower variability, again, the pooling effect, if I'm forecasting for everything separately versus like the whole thing, one variability of the night and that kind of lights the other one. So something important here. In terms of the replenishment strategy for those two different categories, one would be really like weekly by SQ, very high level target service level and alerts for stockouts because those products couldn't be missing. For the replaceable items, we would have a weekly, but by family. And I would just need to have in a particular store, one or two SQs from that specific family, right? And the leverages stock and variety across these stores, we could have kind of the same, I didn't necessarily need to have the same SQ in the same store, right? And in terms of stock visibility, I did have like, again, a much higher control. And again, why it was important to remember when we talked about what was really important for those stakeholders, there was a very high perception of like products missing, but the key products missing, not all the products missing, right? So this one we really needed to kind of analyze a little bit closer, right? And we would give therefore a focus in the non-replaceable items and we will avoid where we're calling fake stockouts, which is like a product that is missing in the plan, but the reality is for the consumer doesn't quite matter because they could replace for other items. So we would focus on something that is really like non-replaceable and that the customers would go there for buying that specific brand. In terms of like the way we implemented this, we specifically did a pilot with a tool. And again, it was a simple Excel-based tool like connected to an SQL server and giving some simple analytics in that specifically on the non-replaceable items. So we did pilot with one category in dry goods. And we have like the new segmentation visibility. Non-replaceable items would be on the SQ level and the replacement items would be in the category level, right? So the stockout would be a stockout alert for the SQ in certain items and for the family in other items. High stock levels the same, right? I would not, the point was not being one SQ by SQ for items that were easily replaceable by the consumers. In terms of what it brought us results for this pilot, right? And again, I'm presenting here a work that we've done like towards six months that it gave this customer as a small tool for one specific category of products in their store. I think the main point here and back to our poll at the beginning is that we had the inventory policies aligned with the company strategy. So again, what was the company strategy to really, really lower the cost of the products because they wanted to serve that consumer that was very price oriented but to have that specific products that the customers would go they're looking for when especially when they were discounted available for the customers at that specific store, right? So in terms of results, it of course, promoted the higher service level on the discounted items that would be looked a little bit differently and a better visibility about the real problem which was like the non-replaceable items stock out. So the company had like some fires of discounts and if that specific item was in discount and that specific week with like this higher brand loyalty that is really like what the problem of stock out was. And then again, the inventory and cost reduction here I needed the lower safe to stock level if I have less variability. Again, that pull effect that we started to forecast those products by category. And there was something here that enabled the teens to follow their current strategy because the procurement of that company that was like placing the orders for the vendors they were being very opportunistic. Sometimes they didn't necessarily need to buy that SQ for that specific brand. Let's say for milk, if you have like some vendors that could provide something for the lowest cost if there was in that category that the customers are not very loyal to the brand you could just go there and buy. And then if the price was not good and that specific month or week of cycle you wouldn't buy them and that was okay because you would have like all their items that could replace. So it enables the procurement to, they were already executing this but really like it was an overall strategy of inventory management that enables the procurement to execute that opportunistic approach in negotiating with vendors saying, okay this is what I can pay and then getting like this lowest price. And again, aligned with everybody else instead of having the replenishment team thinking they should like send the inventory for all the items for the stores based on their previous ERP system or recommendation but now they could do this only in some specific SQ user like the for the brand. And again, the policies aligned with the change strategy, right? It was a low cost chain for sure and low brand loyalty for most of the products, right? So again, back to our question in the beginning I do encourage you guys to think about what is your company supply chain strategies? And then how can you align not only the inventory planning here but even like the day-to-day interactions and like any decisions that you do in your supply chain to have that in mind. I think it will help a lot in the day-to-day decisions and what are the items that needs to be on shelf? What are the items that eventually it is okay? And what is really like important for the customer for the brand and for the consumer? So I hope you enjoy and it was a little bit insightful for you to connect the course material with a real case example. Excited to get some questions. Thank you, Rapala. Yeah, no, for sure. At least as you want to learn us, I'm pretty sure that they are connecting the dots right away because the content is great. And right now we are like right in the middle of the course so they are gonna start getting more and more into inventory management. So I think this overview of that connection between demand forecasting and inventory management was really, really great. So yeah, I'm gonna start and Paolo if that's okay with you with some of the questions. And so first, this one is actually mine because I'm really interested in the demand forecasting topic and then I'm gonna go right into the learners' questions but I'm curious, how did you segment the SKU between replaceables and non-replaceables in terms of like the KPIs that you use? Like how did you create that split? Because I think that's a big deal for supermarkets like in terms of like how to decide, oh, this is a replaceable item and this is not. You know, what kind of information data did you guys use during the project to make that split? Yeah, that's a great question, Miguel. It's interesting when I say like the analytics of the stakeholders, right? So I think it is a combination between we going through all the items that were promoted or discounted in the past months, but then presenting it to the stakeholders and specifically the procurement team and then kind of suggesting some items and aligning this portfolio with them. So it was a combination of us like looking through the data but also working with the teams to see, to validate what we saw in terms of strategies and taking that human expertise. So we had like folks there in procurement that were doing this for like 20 years and really understanding what was the customer's preference and what worked and whatnot and selecting that portfolio that they needed to discount. So I would say it was a combination of us like looking through the data and seeing, okay, that seems to be very sensitive to pricing and it's much more sensitive than the other ones in the category versus talking to the procurement team and they store us in and then confirming, yeah, yeah, yeah. This one we cannot not have because customers come here looking for it. Really interesting. So price sensitivity was one of the key KPIs that's really, really. Okay, Paulo, you wanna go ahead? Sure. Thank you so much Afaila for a great presentation, sharing your insights. And it's interesting because SC3x learners, they are probably preparing for their metarium exam and they may recall the importance of aligning the supply chain strategy to the company's strategy. So great insights there. Thank you so much. And let me read a question from Parishak. It's related to non-replaceable products. So there's learning mentions that forecasting at SQ store level. The data is very sparse generally. How much forecast accuracy at SQ level was achieved? And if you can share which two and which forecasting model was used for that? Yeah, that's a great question. So again, this was a small pilot that we've done in that category of like a thousand of SQs. So the strategy to just go for this specific items in the store level enable us, and those are very like high volume items, right? So for those, we didn't have like as much sparse as if you would go to other items. I think the biggest challenge in terms of like data was to adjust for the stock outs. So to be honest, I don't remember for sure, but I know we did some adjustments in the stock out based on the, so we would compare the level of stocks versus the demand. And if there was a stock out, we would do some adjustments. That was done again in a sample and then we was too wise for that pilot was Excel plus then replicating in the database for like a large amount of items. And then to forecast those items, we had a simple forecasting model that again, it's a case, it's been a while. I think we started by having like some really simple moving average, but the key there would be a regression to adapt that volume to the discount that was applied. So maybe you guys can follow Miguel, you can help out, but there was like a model that would consider the past seasonalities of the weekend and the discount factor. Maybe some, I'll find a name. So, no, I mean, whole winters for sure can, I mean, take into account seasonality, if you consider your variables like the discounted price and all that, probably you need some kind of like more advanced model, I guess. But the basics for seasonality trend, all that I think the learners have seen them in with whole winters, yeah, but interesting. Okay, thank you. Thank you so much for the answer, Rafaela. So we have a lot of questions. I can tell the audience now that we are not gonna be able to answer them all so because people really enjoyed the presentation. So I'm gonna go straight into another question from Noel Lam. So this learner is actually asking us something really interesting related to the consolidation of SKUs. So the question is if an item is considered replaceable and you actually forecast and replenish by family, does that lead also to a consolidation in the procurement side? Because at the end of the day, the idea is, okay, now you have kind of SKUs that are exchangeable somehow. So did that also end up being a consolidation for example, suppliers in terms of reducing the number of suppliers to gain economies of scale? Like how that affected the procurement side? That's a great question. Yeah, I think the recommendation for procurement would be you have to buy X amount of items for that category. Do your best. And what was happening already was they were doing their best in buying only those where the price was, it was an opportunistic strategy. So they would have like meetings with vendors and suppliers all the time, but say if you don't achieve that specific price, I wouldn't buy for you. So you did enable them to say, to really execute the strategy that was already done, but align with the other policies, right? So we would say you need to buy, let's say X amount of units of that specific category and have at least two brands, two different types of SKUs to have a little bit of variety, right? So depending on like what they would find in terms of like lowest costs and more opportunistic procurement or better conditions of procurement, then they would buy it. So it seems like it definitely brought a lot of negotiation power to the procurement team. Like- It did, yeah, yeah. And again, I think it brought the negotiation power and enabled them to already use what they, because that was the way they operated anyways, right? But the stores and the other side were not necessarily aligned and they were looking for some items that were not in the procurement strategy anyways, because that was not, and the procurement team was really like the core of the company's strategy in terms of like really getting the lowest costs and enable the company to like grow. Interesting, interesting, thank you. Paulo, do you wanna go? Yeah, we have one more question here. So Steve is asking how to find out whether customers are loyal to a specific brand, how did you follow this approach in this case? Yeah, that's a great question. Some of the analysis that we've done and that was more like, again, there was a data analysis and then the stakeholder interviews and all that, but some of the analysis we've done that if one product was missing, that whole category would be down in those non-replaceable. For some products, if they were missing, life would go on, right? So in that specific category. So I think the point of like, you would see the movement of that whole category and see, okay, what was the excuse missing? Some of them they would really like lower the demand of the whole category. Some of them, as long as we had some stocks from others, it would be okay. So with that list and then the validation of like the stores and all the folks that would say, yeah, yeah, this is really something that makes sense, right? So it's kind of data analysis across validation. Thank you so much. We still have many, many questions here. Maybe we can take one more, Miguel. You want to take the next one? Yeah, maybe, I mean, and we have time, maybe like a couple more, like one me and one you until 9.45, okay, yeah. Because yeah, we have a lot of questions. So I think we should give the audience like as many chances as we can to ask Rafaela some great questions. So Michael Wagner is asking something really specific, but I think really interesting in terms of like SKU, forecasting and segmentation. So how did you deal with different units, packages, sizes, when you did the whole product? Like in terms of forecasting and those exchangeable items? Yeah, that's a great question. So we standardize all the units. So let's say if I was dealing with rice, I would do everything in grams or kilograms versus the unit itself, right? So, and again, a recommendation for the procurement would be like you have to have X amount of kilos of data specific item, right? And you could even, for instance, if you're dealing with a vendor and they have like a lot of like inventory laps for one specific size, that could be something that could be used opportunistically. And but one thing to point out is that chain didn't have a lot of variety in terms of like sizes. And so again, I wouldn't necessarily recommend it for everything, but in data specific context, what the customers would be like, you know, small business, they will look for bulk items. It was a little bit of a ready standardize. You didn't see like 10 different ways of selling the same product, right? It was really like already very standard packaging. The sizes would vary, but it wouldn't be like you can buy something very small and you can buy like owns of something. So. No, it makes total sense. I mean, as you mentioned throughout the whole presentation, this strategy aligns like the inventory management strategy has to align with the business strategy. And it wouldn't work for probably a discount store that sells like really, really small and personalized like sizes or in packages. So yeah, no, thank you. Thank you. So Paulo, do you want to take the last one maybe? Yeah, let me take one more. And this one is from Atyab. So how do technological advancements such as the AI, machine learning and blockchain impact inventory management? And how can companies leverage this technologies to optimize their inventory levels and increase efficiency? Yeah, thanks for the question. So again, this was a case that we, I mean, we use very sophisticated techniques, I would say, but not necessarily the use of AI and machine learning. The way I've seen, I'm gonna answer this like my past experience, like looking through the trends in the market and companies that are emerging. And so one, so what I've seen in that sense is a lot of emerging solutions in what people are calling enterprise AI. And specifically for inventory management is instead of going for a deterministic approach, as I say, we have like a forecast, even if you consolidate this, but it's very deterministic, right? You have a forecast and then you go, you have a strategy for replenishment, you have like weekly orders and so on. Today there are models, and again, there are companies bringing solutions in that space where you really take into consideration like tons, tons, tons of data. So you have like how many customers were in that store, at that specific time, where the product was positioned in the shelf and then what happened in the procurement, like if you can track some behaviors that were on in the procurement side as well and you kind of take this all into consideration and you can maybe use AI to optimize for service, to optimize for profitability, to look for what is the best model that you can actually go and like to simplify the recommendations, right? What it happens though is that the models are not necessarily super easy explainable. So, but then what I've seen working is really like companies that could measure the results satisfactory, right? So are you using AI to go for the highest profitability than you follow up your profitability or to go for the highest service level and then you'll follow up and you see that model is actually helping you versus what do you have in terms of the deterministic approach? So it's just kind of a different way of like you interpreting the models and the results. It's not necessarily super interpretable for planners in general, it's a, I would say it's a big change management, but like especially for newcomers, I think that is a lot of advantages in using like more sophisticated tools like that. Again, I've seen in this enterprise AI market, a lot of emerging companies doing that that is again not a deterministic approach as I described, but really like taking into consideration tons of factors and forecasting, optimizing and planning for certain key KPIs. That's great insights. Thank you. Thank you so much for bringing this final like overview of what I don't know, the future could look like for inventory management consider all the new technologies that are coming. So I think with this, it's time to wrap it up. I mean, we could spend here the whole day probably because we still have many questions from our learners, but we wanna be respectful with everyone's time. So thank you so much, Rafaela. Thank you so much to everyone who decided to join us today. It's been a super insightful session, I think. And just before we say goodbye, I just want to remind the audience a couple of things. So first, I mentioned at the beginning that we still have other courses that open at this point for enrollment. So we encourage everyone to check them out. We posted the link in the chat earlier. And second one, that there will be another life event in this spring series, probably in a few weeks. So stay tuned because we'll let you know soon. And again, thank you so much, Rafaela. Thank you so much for joining us today. And just have a great week, everyone. Thank you so much, goodbye. Thank you guys, bye.


Hello, this is Pookey and today in three things to try we're exploring three simple sensory strategies for children who have become dysregulated. So we're going to start with chewing. Chewing is fantastic, it can help to regulate tension by activating the mouth muscles, giving us something to focus in on and activating different senses than those that might be causing the kind of overwhelm for children who have become over responsive. It's great for both under responsive children and over responsive children. So under responsive children are those who perhaps might seem to have zoned out, who are finding it really difficult to focus, who aren't getting enough sensory input right now. We can increase that sensory input by giving them something to chew. On the other hand are over responsive children, those children for whom the environment seems suddenly too noisy in any sense of the word, so that might be too much noise from kind of visual input, it might be too much auditory input, it might just be too much of something. So they're over responsive, but them chewing can feel calming and reassuring and give them something to focus in on away from those overwhelming things that are assaulting their senses. So great strategy because it kind of works for both. And in terms of how it can happen, we'll find that loads of our kids will go to chewing as a self-regulatory strategy anyway.  That's quite a familiar sound for many parents, carers, teachers, teaching assistants and so on. That child maybe trying to kind of regulate how they feel. So you might prefer instead to provide an actual chewing aid and we'll talk about them over the page or gum or sweets or something that you're happy for them to chew on and thinking about keeping it nice and sanitary too. So in terms of what we can actually try, what does chewing look like in practice? So you might invest in a Chewy for a child there are hundreds of these online. You can get bracelets, necklaces, key fobs, there's all sorts of different things which are designed to be safe for children to chew. Now it's worth looking into these a little bit and experimenting with the particular child if you can because some are harder, some are softer. We find that when children start chewing with these kinds of things sometimes their jaw gets really really sore at first so we need to just kind of almost like build up the muscles not almost actually build up the muscles so they get used to this chewing because it's really helpful. They'll find it really helpful, they'll keep doing it and then they might get kind of really sore jaw. So we're going to build up to it and you might find that over time they need firmer things to chew on as their sort of mouth muscles do get stronger. So yeah you can provide them with a Chewy, there's loads and loads and loads of them available online or through your occupational therapist. You might also think about supporting regulation through the day by putting Chewy foods into a child's lunchbox or something that they can go to at the lunch break. Again loads of different Chewy snacks and foods that you might choose to put in there. The house one of our favourites is the kind of dried mango that you can get that's super super Chewy and one of the nice things about using food like this is that it can be really regulating for a child without it appearing that they're doing something different than their mates. They're just eating their lunch or having their snack. So you might think about that and this can provide a nice sensory break for a child at points throughout the day when break and lunch comes up. And then a final thing that you might do is in those moments of overwhelm actually provide the child with something to chew on in terms of food. So you might give them some Haribo or other kind of gummy or jelly sweet or you might give them some Chewing gum and when we give them those sort of foods to chew on or a Chewy snack we can be talking to them about focusing in on the senses, really thinking about how that tastes, really thinking about the mouth feel of it, really focusing in on that food item that we've given it. Final strategy number two today is deep pressure. This is one that doesn't get talked about too much. So you've probably thought about or heard about chewing before but deep pressure maybe, maybe not. So this is about the fact that when we calmly apply kind of deep pressure that it sort of soothes the brain, it sends messages to our nervous system saying, oh it's okay things are all right. So kind of light touch when things kind of brush past us tends to put us on like high alert because this could be danger, this could be something might hurt us. But calmly applied sort of expected deep pressure is kind of really, really deeply reassuring like how having a big hug from someone that you really love just makes you feel good. That's the kind of feeling that we're going for here and it's something that we naturally do do for children when they're feeling overwhelmed often is just reach them into a bear hug. So that's what we're looking for in terms of the feel that the child's going to get in terms of their sort of sensory and nervous response here. It can be really, really helpful for children who have gone into that kind of fight flight freeze type mode who are over responsive to their environment, we're getting that sort of trauma or challenge response and they need support to calm down and to regulate. And in terms of how we do it we'll think about the practicals or try this in a moment but one thing just to be really aware of here is the brain will habituate to deep touch.  So what the occupational therapists tend to suggest is that you might use these ideas for 20 or 30 minutes maximum at a time, take a break for an hour or so in between and then return to them. The caveat to that is you can kind of hack this by kind of keeping things moving so instead of sitting with a weighted blanket on you, you might be carrying heavy things around for example and if we're kind of moving and that input is changing then the brain won't habituate in the same way but generally as a rule of thumb these are strategies that we use for sort of shorter periods to calm things down then the child would return to normal day to day sessions rather than it being something that they would have kind of all the time like for example the chewing which they can do any time. So what does this look like in practice? What other things that you can actually try? So you can invest in weighted blankets or pressure vests so these are specific items again that you can buy online or access via your occupational therapist who can give you really good advice on this. These are quite sort of specialist items so although they're widely available your occupational therapist if you have one will be able to give you really really good advice on what will work best for your child in this situation but weighted blankets essentially are as they sound, they're blankets that have little weights in they can weigh an absolute tonne and they provide pressure. You can also get kind of strips to go around the neck and things like that and then pressure vests create the input by being blown up rather than weighed down so they're a little bit more practical to kind of carry around and that sort of thing but provides a similar kind of input. You can also get weighted like toys or we have sometimes used things like you know you can buy door stops that look like dogs or cats or elephants or something that are like quite cute from places like Wayfair or Dun Elm and things like that and they're designed as door stops but they're basically cute looking toys that are kind of heavy they can work really really well for this too. Another thing you can try is child being held or holding themselves so this is actually kind of trying to simulate that that kind of hug and this might be being held by trusted adult actually even just deep pressure on a hand like reaching out holding a hand perhaps you've got a child who's become really dysregulated and they're kind of you know lying on the floor feel completely unreachable reaching out taking their hand giving their hand a good hold can make a really big difference here and help them to begin to calm but yeah hugging themselves can help to provide some of this input being held by someone they trust this is why that's such a calming thing when a child seems really overwhelmed and equally I say this with more many of you know more my cat sat on my lap she sat on my lap right now providing lovely deep pressure for me and again a pet can be a great way for a child to receive deep pressure and then finally if you're looking to kind of apply deep pressure within or between lessons within school and then a really really helpful thing here can be to actually give a kid really heavy stuff to carry around not like too heavy for them but nice heavy things a pile of books a bag of balls for games something that that kind of you know they're going to feel that heaviness against them and feeling that heaviness carrying around those heavy things can again provide this this deep pressure input and again this is a lovely strategy because we can use it in those difficult times the transition moments within lessons we're moving items around the classroom or between lessons moving from lesson to lesson might give the child items to carry and again this is the sort of thing that can be done that doesn't really make the child stand out in any way if that's something that they're really sensitive to and can really aid with those trickier transition moments for children who might be likely to become overwhelmed otherwise strategy number three is one you'll all be aware of because at some point you will have had a classroom full of fidget toys so fiddling and fiddling is is one that we have to be really careful of because we want to get it right by not picking any kind of fidgets or fiddles that are going to irritate us as the adult or irritate or kind of cause a tricky reaction in other children within the classroom but fiddling is great because actually it can calm our over responsive children and it can activate our under responsive children much like chewing and it can mean if we get it right these kind of fidgeting and fiddling type activities can enable a child to continue to engage with activities that might otherwise have become either overwhelming for them or from which they might have totally zoned out and felt unable to continue to focus on the key thing here is to make sure that you're finding something that works for the individual but it's also acceptable to the whole class and to you as the adult so again many kids will self-regulate by fiddling they might start clicking their pen that might make you want to throw them out the window don't throw them out the window it's really really not good for them not good for your career instead we maybe look for some different fidgets or fiddles which are less irritating they do exist so what does this look like in practice there are hundreds of different things out there that one might try I think it's good often to think about what might a child have with them anyway or what can you provide really easily or cheaply so I love bits of string shoelaces hair bands kids often have these to hand anyway you can whack a hair band around a child's wrist and that's quite a normal thing to have there they'll often have one anyway and they can be twirled they can be knotted they can be wrapped around the fingers and the great thing with them is they don't make noise hurrah and you might keep a ball of string in your draw and give a child the length of it when they need it it can be used for finger knitting twirling twiddling string is great and cheap and quiet hurrah other things putty or kneaded rubber these can feel good you can get loads and loads and loads of different putties my daughter Lyra is a massive fan she's got something like 20 different types of a kind of putty called Aaron's putty which she used to get imported from America at great cost using her pocket money but it comes in different flavours it smells different textures so some is harder to squeeze some is lighter some changes colour some has different shapes and it's you know there's so many different kinds of putty equally you might just go to an art supply shop and buy a needed razor or needed rubber which feels really good can be carried around in a pencil case and can also be used to rub out mistakes hurrah putty and like needed rubbers and stuff are great because you can shape them into all sorts of different shapes they're really really tactile and they don't make noise hurrah finally fidget toys there's so so many fidget toys out there kids love them and collect them and they are like totally socially acceptable amongst kids the key thing is again looking for the quiet ones and trying not to break the banks so some of the really really popular ones that we found are tangles which can be joined together endlessly there's loads of different textures out there they're really fun and quite pretty and they don't make loads of noise and kush balls which are really really stretchy and they feel nice in your hands again there's loads of different colours and all that kind of thing and then poppets which come in such an array of different colours different sizes you can get games with poppets you can get you name it you can do it with poppets so these are ones that we found to be particular popular but there are a whole ton of fidget toys available but as I say just be aware of whether they're going to make noise and irritate you or not we've thought about three different strategies we've thought about chewing we've thought about deep pressure we've thought about fiddling this is the bit where if you're watching this together you pause or if you're leading the session you ask your colleagues to come together and discuss and you think about with reference to those three different ideas what are you already doing what can you share in terms of good practice amongst the group that's already working well let's let's cherry pick some ideas from each other and magpie what's working well in other people's experience already then think together what could we try do we need to invest any time effort energy or a little bit of budget into any of these ideas what might be worth a go and then what are we actually going to do next what will we do tomorrow in order to make a bit of a difference from something that we have learned in this little session today so just take a few minutes to talk about this together because the input is one thing me giving you the ideas but actually it's what you do with them that really really makes a difference so hit pause have a chat make a plan finally I love to leave you with a couple of recommendations to follow on for further learning I would recommend that you read sensory solutions in the classroom whether you're a classroom practitioner or a parent or carer this book has really nice background about the neuroscience and the what is going on with your child but it also has an absolute ton of really good ideas things that you can try to support your child as well so I'd really recommend that it's also just a very beautifully put together book I just love it then there's a video that Lyra made with me she shared some of her favorite fidgets for use in the classroom so these are fidgets which are quiet and won't irritate anyone too much which is very important and then finally do check out the flag house sensory channel on YouTube they don't appear to be creating new content anymore but it's an absolute treasure trove of old content sort of two three four minute long videos on all sorts of things that are sensory they're brilliantly produced and just a really good dip into a whole ton of different ideas shared by occupational therapists I hope that the session was helpful good luck using the ideas and do come back to me tweet me drop me an email whatever send me a carrier pigeon about how you've used these ideas and what other topics you would like to see in the future thank you


What exactly happened after I started supplementing Panic Ginseng? Well, let's find out. Hey, what's up, recordy founder of your inception? Welcome to my channel. If you want to learn top secrets about entropics or supplements, then subscribe below to start your journey. Today, I want to share with you my experience with Panic Ginseng. Now, this is a very potent and popular herb that has been used in the traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. And today, I want to tell you what happened after I started supplementing this herb. What was my experience? What kind of dosage I took? And at the end of the video, I'm going to tell you if I recommend it or not. So if you're ready, let's just begin. Now, first of all, Panic Ginseng can provide lots of benefits. The biggest reason why I personally started supplementing it is because it can potentially improve your cognition and mood. And some people also report a better well-being and feeling much better after they supplemented. Actually, I found a study on healthy individuals. They were giving about 200 milligrams of Panic Ginseng, a very potent extract of that. And after weeks of supplementing it, they felt more alert, their mood improved, and their overall cognitive performance improved as well. However, after about eight weeks of taking this compound, what happened in this particular study was that the benefits kind of went away or they were like less noticeable, but still the initial kick that they felt, the people felt, was really impressive. And that's what's got me into testing Panic Ginseng as an individual compound. Now, keep in mind, Panic Ginseng contains ginsenocytes, which is believed to be an active compound. That is the reason why you get all those benefits. Now, if you want to learn more about other benefits, then click up here and you're going to find another video that I showed just for you where I talk about benefits and so on. So when I started taking it, I really wanted to see if this compound makes me feel more mentally alert. And what I did is I found different kind of extracts on the market. That's one of them. I don't want to show you the brand because I don't want to promote it, but just to give you an idea, this one contains 300 milligrams of ginseng per capsule and the extract is 10 to 1. So it's a pretty potent extract, actually. I think it has about 20 percent. Let me check it out. Yeah, it has about 20 percent of ginsenocytes. And some studies I found contain only 2 to 3 percent of ginsenocytes. So I think this is a very potent extract. And so I started taking about 200 to 400 milligrams of ginseng. In this particular case, that was 300 milligrams per day. I tried some other versions as well and the dosage was a bit lower. And I took it before lunch or sometimes with lunch, sometimes even before or with breakfast, just to see what happens. And actually, I was quite surprised. By the way, guys, if you liked this video, please press the like button below. So after a couple of days, I couldn't see any real benefits. I wasn't feeling much more focused or mentally alert or my mood didn't really change. But after about 7 to 10 days approximately, I think something started changing. So yeah, it's a personal experience, but I felt more alert. It is what I thought. And I was really under severe stress in this period. And you know, when I was supplementing the ginseng, I didn't feel so stressed. I think I was able to focus much easier and generally I was in a much better mood. Now, if this is only because of ginseng or this is a placebo effect, it's kind of hard to judge. But according to studies, this is exactly what's supposed to happen. So I don't think that was placebo at all. Now, I even combined it with caffeine and I don't know if you know about it, but ginseng can interact with caffeine. I'm going to make another video, guys, about that. So subscribe to this channel below. And as soon as the video starts, you're going to find it out here. Now, I've been taking ginseng in different forms for a couple of months. I took it as an individual compound. I combined it with some of my other popular and trope, such as Rodiola Rosetta and the Coppa Moneri. By the way, if you want to learn more about them, you can find the links up there or also in the description. And yeah, after a couple of months of taking it, my general feedback is the following. I think my performance improved. I felt more alert. I think I was a bit more productive because of that. And I was not that stressed as I was usually, you know, without taking this compound. I didn't see like a major improvement or like a major increase in my well-being or something like that. But it was those subtle changes that really kept me going and kind of convinced me that this, so ginseng is very potent and very beneficial compound. One other thing I noticed is that I had fewer crashes. Now, I want to show you something. I have like a cheat sheet or like, yeah, I take notes like this every single day and I kind of write down anything that's going on in my life, like how I feel, how I slept. I have different trackers on my body, as you can see or are reading and so on. And basically, I always kind of journal and try to report what's going on. And in the period when I was supplementing ginseng, I had fewer crashes. I'm talking about mental crashes. And this was really something that, you know, got me thinking and kind of convinced me, yeah, this is a supplement. You should definitely try it out. So guys, the final question is, do I recommend pank ginseng or not? Well, according to my experience and according to studies, pank ginseng is a very potent and very effective compound that can be used for short term, the boost of performance or also for long term because of all the other benefits that this compound brings. And because of that, yeah, definitely recommend trying it out. I think it's very useful. It might even become one of my favorite entropics, especially because you can easily combine it with some other compounds. And because of that, I highly recommend trying it out. So that's it for this video. Thank you for watching, guys. If you have any questions, don't hesitate to contact me. Don't forget to follow your inception on Facebook, Instagram, and I hope to see you soon again. Take care.


Can you hear me Sean I can yeah Guess we're the only one here so far. There we go You can hear me now. I can hear you Excellent. There's Andre. It's a Talos only cloud our group. I hope we got the right day They said September 3rd 3rd 3rd 1st Thursday of each month 11, I'm sorry 8 a.m. USA Pacific which is 11 a.m. Here, which is one minute from now Doesn't mean that anyone else will come to this meeting or just a yeah, I suppose they could have heard Who was going to be talking and said, oh, no, I'm not showing up Sorry, it might be very punctual. We'll do our thing in the echo chamber if we have to man Well, somebody's recording it anyway. Oh, that's a great point No hot key for mutes in the web version of zoom The web version of zoom is severely limited Hmm Not even no gallery view either Hello, Marga. Hi, can you hear me? Yes, good good Fine. I just I had never signed up for zoom before I had always been using it like as an anonymous user So I just signed up. Yeah, same here. It's only for signed up people Gotcha, I Got worried and but eventually just trying to sign up and no Is this your first time here Marga, I don't know If if this is usual to wait or we got the right day in time, right? Yeah, so yeah, people are showing up. I have no idea who's like the host here We don't know either. Okay But we're being recorded so someone Someone did something Okay, so why we wait I'm going to try and share my screen Just to like check if it works because I use zoom inside a container and I don't know how it behaves, so Okay See a black screen. Oh Black screen. Yeah. Ah, there we go. Okay Okay, the aspect ratio is a little off, but It's a little tall for what it is, but it's readable Okay, that may just be me Yeah, I can see the yeah, I think you're good. I think it looks good. Yeah, okay. Okay. I can stop sharing until we Get whoever is supposed to be the host here I might as well do the same thing here myself. Hey guys I'm the host Yeah, that's a displaying properly or is that still off center? No, it seems fine. Okay Yeah, this is Ricardo, can you hear me? Yes. Yes. Hello. Okay. Yeah, welcome everyone Glad to have you here We have about two items on the agenda today, so I'm gonna Send the meeting notes or put the meeting notes on the chat So that you guys you all At yourself as an attendee there you go And Yeah, we have two items today and One is the Talos and the other item is flag cart So two projects that are in a similar Space or they're kind of similar, but you're not glad to have you here and You know talk about how different they are or how similar they are so Take it away. This is Talos, right? So Sure Share up again here All right, so I am Shawn Corde from Cycord Systems We critique consultancy in a number of different specialized areas including group that is So to get started talk a little bit more about one of the dreams of Kubernetes That is to abstract away the machine Abstracting a lot in Kubernetes, but at least for the purposes of Talos. We're looking at Whenever we run Kubernetes all of our operations are focused our attention as users Should be at the cluster level and not the machine level. We shouldn't care about the discrete resources on which the cluster is built That's where Talos comes in So Talos is written in Go. In fact about 96% in Go It's designed to run autonomously as part of a dynamic cluster Adapting and updating over time using coordinated API calls between cluster members monitoring points admins both human and machine and To be secure by default and come batteries included overall Talos represents many years of knowledge accumulation across a wide variety of backgrounds from Contributors who have been running Kubernetes in production since the 1.0 release and perhaps a little before It is of course suitable for cloud use But also being built with a keen targeting for the bare metal user a Number of design features have guided the development of Talos based on our experiences And we continue to refine these in order to create the easiest most manageable container operating system and the container ecosystem Sean yes Do you mind putting the slice in percent mode? Ah Yeah, we tried that before and it it ends up cutting off the slides It has something to do I think with the fact that I'm running zoom out of a web browser Okay, no way which unfortunately I have to do because I'm on Wayland and Wayland has the screen chair problem Low we have There may be a way to maximize it within the window I don't know but That might help a little bit better Okay, I think maybe to close the left sidebar with the slide list or shrink it might make the slide bigger Yeah However, one does that I think I just got rid of the menu somehow There we go you Nope, that's ruler anybody know No, but don't know don't worry too much about it Yeah, too much. All right. Yes. Don't want to take up the time Sure. Okay, so Talos is highly focused specifically to run Kubernetes in container oriented workloads Therefore, we want to do avoid using a generic general purpose OS This allows us to limit the attack service We have a tiny set of tools and almost no listing services We have no common packages and we install no administrative tools to exploit We keep a small footprint the entire OS fits in less than 100 megabytes Including the kernel a highly focused role which allows us to secure the kernel We conform to the KSPP the kernel self-protection project guidelines We are always using the latest stable current kernel version and by default We allow no loadable modules in the system All our code Is easily auditable in one place and under a single license the Mozilla public license version two Everything in the us is fully tested with a battery of unit and integration tests Covering everything from internal components to the kubernetes deployment and the life cycle management We have a true read-only image based on a read-only squash FS image with a predefined allow list for specific writable segments within the running system and even then those writable segments are only to RAM you can never modify the base image itself Talos is designed to offer no unstructured access Everything comes through the API even for internal components. They run they talk to each other through the API We have no cheating in the system at any level We have no shell. We have no SSH We include a cluster-wide PKI with automatically rotating certs and short-lived ephemeral certs wherever possible We have a common RBAC system for various levels of access control and We have all his ability built throughout the system We are designed to minimize The maintenance overhead at every level obviously, of course the API based life cycle controls help that a lot Offering such things as deployment reboot control reset or wiping the node and upgrades all via API But we also offer metrics monitoring debugging and a number of common Unix Unix like utilities to Be able to diagnose and work with any problems that might arise Kubernetes deployment and tell us is handled by a small manifest requiring only a bare minimum of required customizations to get bootstrapped Tell us is also a certified Kubernetes installer. In fact the OS is the installer Tell us is built With aggressive automation of Kubernetes in mind. We have structured customization for all Kubernetes common control components And we manage upgrades for both the couplet and the control plane We have managed recovery in the unlikely event that we lose control plane pieces We have an API by which you can recover any piece of the control plane including the API server The toy the deployment templates we use are robust high availability templates with best practices as defaults We've tried to eliminate the arcane in pillows. We try to use a simplified API built on grpc with every interface defined clearly in protopof This allows us to maximize the visibility and portability of our APIs as well as maintaining constant interface contracts We try to have abstract away the Unix primitives for instance instead of ps We have a process list instead of LS. We have list files Instead of cat. We have read we still have aliases to handle from the CLI tool The Unix style commands, but in general we've tried to make this accessible across the board To as many people as possible with no discreet knowledge of Unix background We have tried to main secure and say at maintain secure and same defaults with a minimal input Requirement from user supplied and user generated data We strive to have no barriers. We have a layered API which allows us to compose and assemble higher-order controllers at both the internal component level the external node level The cluster oriented control level and the Kubernetes oriented API level at all levels. We offer APIs For interfacing and command and control for higher level applications Since all of this is built on gRPC these controls are language agnostic And it allows users and sREs dev ops people to build their own Business logic controllers as workloads within the Kubernetes cluster in whatever programming environment. They are best familiar with So the Talos default sign features that we have No general purpose OS No unstructured access no maintenance overhead no hands Kubernetes no arcane no barriers You could say Talos says no so that you can say yes So what's next? So we're working on a whole lot of other projects. This is just a small list of things that are interesting The newest of these is cozy. It's common operating system interface It's designed to be a standard OS agnostic interface to provide structure and security between the kernel and the user space The main progress it's gonna be a year to like some kind of contrast. Is there a big organization? I think good masters later 55% they will work for Sorry somebody was Got it. Okay Couldn't quite tell if those were questions or so talking else Sorry again, I Wasn't really sure whether it was a question or not. So he Okay. Yeah likewise Okay, at any rate Do feel free to stop me. I don't have much more here But stop me if you do any of your questions. We'll have time at the end so building an EP EPF system, which allows which will allow Talos to be an invented OS based on reactive changes to To system updates. So when we add a network link when we add a block device remove block device, etc we can quickly and Atomically react at the Talos level to these changes We're building CAPI providers for a number of cloud providers and their metal In fact, they're metal. We have an entire management system being built Somewhat along the lines of the RP or matchbox, but a lot more and a lot more specific Specifically catered to Kubernetes So our better bare metal management system Argus will allow us to handle the complete life cycle of nodes from Inventory management and node provisioning Pixie booting and node classes and it'll quickly allow you to build an entire cluster and help you manage it over time all of course from a API's Sidero is even a CAPI provider for bare metal which ultimately in the best case will allow you to bootstrap the cluster From a laptop or any other computer So enough talk. Let's see what this Talos actually looked like in action so Switch this over to How am I doing on time by the way looks like yeah, it looks like a right good. You got another 15 10 minutes or so 15 maybe Okay Here we are share screen Give me my team ups all right So we have Starting up with an empty Digital ocean Range the only thing at this point I've provided is generic load balancer and Space from which we can build our system So the first thing we're going to do is to generate our Talos config Some team looks what we're doing here is generating all of the PKI infrastructure and the configuration for Talos itself Can everyone see this is it's large enough? Yep, it looks good to me Okay, good. So among these We are really only going to use the control plane and join Nodes in it is something of a legacy. It allows you to automatically bootstrap the system that I'd like to break that out and Do that manually via the API So We have a config now. We just need to create Some droplets and VMs on which to run this we'll start with the control plane nodes for the sake of the demo and My wallet we will just start one Worker node after a little while we should be able to get the IP addresses control plane nodes Then add those to our Talos config now that we have our Talos config set up. I should explain what we're doing We're setting the endpoints for the Talos API and we're setting each of those to talk to the master control plane nodes For reasonable defaults. I'm really good at copying the HGC Set up the node the default node list. So Talos CTL we should be able to now see Service list of the first of our set So we see the Talos at least this control plane node up and running. We can look at any other simply by Telling it which node to look at copy and paste again. Let's try this again. This is running On the other nodes. So the first thing we want to do Is to go ahead and bootstrap the Kubernetes cluster. We're going to use just purely the defaults and We can then CTL log and this will take a little while as it bootstraps the cluster So in the time being we'll look at some of the other things that we have So we have list for LS We can look across the system Find files You can read any arbitrary file of note a question Yes, I can management can happen anywhere, right? It can be on your laptop or can be on Yes, in this case, I'm doing the management from my workstation here at home The we're working on machines up in digital ocean Yeah Can some of the I guess the boost bootstrap and it's already automated, right? So like correct What we're doing is waiting for that finish Does it allow you to manage a fleet of servers or is individually Yes, so the bootstrap only occurs on a single server But it will bootstrap a high availability control plane from that starts with one and then it'll build the rest of the control plane after that one is up and running and Tell us handles that automatically the way it determines which nodes to use is based on the configurations That we applied to those VMs So for instance, we had the control plane config and we had join config Any node which was created with the control plane config will be Used as a control plane after the bootstrap and he did are joined as said are created with a join config We'll be created as worker nodes Got it So that was back with our Just with the droplet create we specified the user data as being one of those two files to say which type of node is created when Does it work with any cloud provider or does it just work with the digital ocean? Yes, it should work with all cloud provide all the major cloud providers including packet AWS gcp as your digital ocean And really let me know if I'm missing any but Yeah, yep Cool All right any other questions before we See if we're up yet. Okay. We are up. So bootcube as we see has finished So we should be able to grab our KubeFs config which has now been pulled into the local directory and then We'll lose since I use kconfig our kconf here locally. I'm going to load it into my Kconf database And we should be able to get nodes finally and We see all our control plane nodes the three of them Not all of them are quite finished coming up. We just have two control plane modes at the moment But the CP zero will eventually become a master as well, and then we have the one worker node So at this point we can run of course any workloads we wish and we have a fully functional Full-plane I available to control plane Alright, and that is pretty much the demo The I'm happy to open for questions Yeah, I have another question doesn't manage the life cycle of Kubernetes or For Kubernetes upgrades and yes, great to know. Yes, so the kubelet is Is bound is presently bound to a Default of the talus version that's installed. So when we upgrade the talus nodes, it will also upgrade the Kublet that's bound to that that is also independently controllable by the talus config So if you want to bind a particular version you can By modifying the config of the system Likewise each of the control plane Elements are controllable by the config So I shouldn't say each we currently had just have So I shouldn't say currently either so there are different levels we're in a little bit of flux So presently if you were to install a zero dot six, which is our current stable release Version the control plane is actually self-hosted and self-managed So there's no automatic updating the control plane components. You can edit those manually In our next versions, we will have that managed We'll actually be backing off from bootcube entirely been running All of the control plane components from talus directly at that point We'll be able to structurally control the versions of each of the control plane components Awesome and Can you Also, because I mean some people might have some applications running in Kubernetes is There any plan to Maybe do some sort of health check on some of those things when you want to get upgraded Yeah, so I should mention also of course that we have currently a Pretty early stage, but it's fully functional upgrade controller for talus so Ultimately, we're building in hooks on that so that we can have Clean exits clean Clean drains for all of the nodes so as it happens right now The Kubernetes upgrade controller for talus or the talus upgrade controller for Kubernetes We have will properly drain the node wait for any hooks that are already set up by the pods to Confirm draining of that node and then upgrade one upgrade the nodes one at a time So that is automated. It will hook in to the existing current that is existing drain hooks so a drain clearing hooks and And upgrade those one at a time. We're looking for some for building some more advanced controls in that so we'd like for instance to have a Plug-in systems and some add-ons available to talus itself And for those will be using event hooks internal to talus to be able to signal when we can perform the upgrades on any individual nodes Cool. Thank you for the yeah The answer is very comprehensive There's some So anybody else has any questions, I don't want to be the one asking all the questions Yeah, please This is Eric. I just had a question about some of the I guess networking project Sorry, I might get to the background I was just wondering if you wanted to use something else because I think you guys are in this example We're using flano, but if you wanted to use something like celium would that be possible? Yep, absolutely. As a matter of fact, we didn't normally sorry Andrew. Did you want to answer that? Okay, it's the split over sorry. Yes, we absolutely support cillium in fact Many of us use cillium as the default It is just a line in the default config Let me see if I can show that to you back to share the T-Mux session the May not be in the default config Yeah, I don't think it is it's an it's an extra manifest or it's a Yeah, it's a manifest field Yeah, but yeah, it's it's it's on the it's on the color step web site But it is a key that you can add in the cluster config Which allows you to specify any network available any in Earl for additional manifests So you set the CNI to blank and then you can use Whatever you want whether it be cillium or calico or Danum any of the available CNI's And to be clear that'll probably change a little bit in the long return the reason it's it's like that now as essentially But forced upon us because of bootcube, right? So as I move away from bootcube will probably actually move towards cillium as our default I would imagine I mean, I think we all pretty much never use flannel anyway, so Right, you know for our normal Especially not me since flannel does not support IPv6 at all Which is a good feature I should mention Talos is IPv6 clean you can run a pure IPv6 system For any of those who care and dual stack for that matter Any more questions? I think we're running a little over on time at this point, but happy to answer any more the one last question Are there any plans For making this or applying for a CF project or being Part of the ecosystem of the CNCF projects I Could I could try to answer that one Sean? So I think early on We did reach out. I think there was some questions on whether or not Accepting an operating system. I mean something entirely new You know, you know accepting an operating system into CNCF was new at the time We are a little bit of you know, as you could tell we're unique. So it's it's Yeah, the line is fuzzy. I think in the long run we would like to we don't have any immediate plans It's just figuring out What can we contribute to CNCF and one of the places I think that we could is with this cozy project Which is something that I'd love to work on with other similar operating systems and Figure out how we can get this into the CNCF As a project similar to how Container D is a container runtime interface. We want to provide an interface for interacting with the operating system But yeah to be determined Yeah Yeah, I think the TOC is pretty open about different kinds of projects especially we have sandbox now and some projects that may not necessarily Fit the usual criteria For example, the CNCF just accepted into sandbox K2S, which is a Kubernetes distribution. So Or a Kubernetes flavor. So Yeah, so I think the CNCF wants the sandbox to be kind of like a Circle of place where products can develop But I see that Talos is you know pretty advanced already so and that may not be the best fit. So, you know, it's up to you the Talos team, you know to decide what what the best one is Yeah, it's a great suggestion. We certainly will look into it. Thank you. Yeah, all right. Thank you very much. That was a very Complete and thorough presentation So I think the next item on the agenda that we have is a flat car Sorry didn't mean to cut you off, but as I understand it's also another operating system It's also based on CoreOS and but it's more advanced than that. So So go ahead. Okay Okay, yes, is that working can you see my slides? Yes. All right. Awesome. So, yeah, so I'll give a brief introduction to flat car and We don't have a demo prepared, but I Guess as it's based on CoreOS and it's not such I don't know Special thing, maybe it's not necessary to have a demo. So flat car is Developed by Kim Falk. So first who is Kim Falk? Kim Falk is a company that exists since 2015. So we've been around for five years We do a lot of things related to Linux containers security and we do open source engineering With many different clients We have a couple of products flat car Which is the one that we are here to talk about today is Linux distro derived from CoreOS and we also have a Kubernetes distro called locomotive And on top of these two products, we also do other consulting development like Rocket and Go BPF were developed by by Kim Falk engineers So what is a container Linux, this is pretty basic and I guess Many of you know this already. This are the bases where that CoreOS was built upon so container Linux means that It's a minimal distribution that only has what's needed for running containers on top of it So it doesn't have everything that a general-purpose distribution has it only has like the minimum base So there's less software to manage. There's a reduced attack surface area.  I think my my My zoom setup that is super paranoid Doesn't like it and it it sometimes stops redrawing the screen or something Let's see. That's it show. What is a container Linux now? It's starting to show so now It's like it's a blank screen I'll give it a shot. Let me let me let me try it. Maybe I should stop being so paranoid Whatever works for you guys Well, not soon How is it that this is like the CNCF thing and it's not using a free product Yeah, okay, no, it's not a cloud native product, but we could we would be using shit see All right, folks, do you see Yeah, I was in slide four already, I'm sorry. I Yeah Here we go, that's a container Okay, so container Linux it means that We have reduced attack area surface area. Of course, it's not as small as status, but it's much smaller than a typical General purpose distribution It the file system is immutable particularly that the slash user Part of the file system is immutable. So that means that there's also less attack surface there Etsy is still mutable. So configurations are still possible, but it reduces the amount of of bugs and security threats And it has automated updates. So whenever there's a new version, it just gets applied and Works and it rolls back Automatically if it fails to boot. So like if the machine boots and tries to boot and fails it it gets automatically rolled back Next All right, so we mentioned this already, but just so that it's super clear Flatcar is based on chorus which itself is based on Chromo s which is based on gen two So we have like all of this history, but right now we are Going on our own. So chorus doesn't exist anymore. It reached its end of life And while before we were tracking chorus and everything it did now we are Going on on our own Developing our own new features and so on next If you don't know where the name flat car comes from it comes from a train metaphor Or maybe not metaphor a sea mile It's the kind of Train that carries containers. So it's that's why it's a flat car container Linux next All right, so how is flat car structure? It has four channels so chorus had three channels alphabets unstable and We keep those and we also have an experimental channel or labs channel where we try out things And maybe we decide they are a good idea or maybe not This alphabet unstable channels we We introduced the new changes in alpha and after we are happy with those changes they get promoted to beta and once They've been in beta long enough that we think it's stable and they get promoted to stable Currently the version in stable is still the Based on the last chorus version, but alpha and beta are Completely new and include a lot of new things that are not available. We're not available in that last chorus version We have images available in all major cloud providers and some minor cloud providers as well and they are also publicly available to download and We have images for a lot of different type of machines and We have a public update server that anybody running flat car can use to get updates to the latest version and That's there's more on that on the next slide So the king folk update servers, it's a completely open source project. It's a code name Nebraska and It we are running one community instance that can be used by anybody running running flat car and also People that want to have more control and want to run their own version can run it on prem or hosted by us and This update service allows Operators to decide when and how they update their machines So if you don't want all of them to update at the same time, you can Set a lot of different knobs on how you want this to happen and it also gives you Monitoring and visibility with what's happening inside the cluster wet whether an update fail in Many machines or not Next slide Okay, so what's our current status? We have a team at King folk that is dedicated to this project and we are keeping it alive. We have build and test infrastructure a lot of integration tests that make sure that it runs correctly in many different cloud providers and A lot of that is thanks to packet. We have sponsored infrastructure by packet which helps us a lot We have all channels maintained completely independent from chorus and we have support infrastructure We we have already a bunch of large enterprise customers with a Few thousand hosts. So it's it has been growing There's a graph coming up in a couple of slides and and we are happy that a lot of people are adopting flat car and Yeah, as I mentioned, it's integrated into lots of cloud platforms and coordinates distros So in the next slide We have a bunch of logos of supported platforms. We are working on the cluster API integration. It should be Greedy in the near future. We are also working in integration with Gruncher, but We so we care not only about getting integrated as a base OS on the different platforms, but also about being integrated into into things like like Rancher or kugermatic like integrating with the whole ecosystem and The next slide we have Pretty graph although without numbers and basically this shows that when coro is Reached end-of-life or or a little bit before chorus reached end-of-life a lot of people decided to migrate to flat car and This has kept going up so It's it's nice that these people that migrated to flat car didn't then migrate away from it They they were still happy With the results and yeah, and we see this this constant increase in adoption As time passes Alright, so plans for the future we are working on publishing a public roadmap that will be maintained in the open a Lot of the work that we have been doing in the past few months has been updating the chorus This the last chorus version to newer versions, so We have updates to the kernel to system D and a lot more packages coming up So in the current beta we have kernel 5 4 and system D 2 4 5 and And then once all of that isn't stable. We plan to keep it updating that and This is this is a lot of work because we were working from like the basis of chorus and Encores kind of stopped doing updates for a long time So there's a lot of packages to update there, but the goal is to basically reach a point where everything is up to date to the latest versions and But then in the last point in this light the LTS release Some people realize that they actually like the facts that they liked the fact that For the past year or so chorus had been making very few updates They actually like an OS that changes less More than they like being on the fleeting edge. So we are working on Releasing an LTS version, which will not change so much. So it will be supported for 18 months and Then after that people can migrate to the next version, but it won't be changing all the time how the stable Like the stable version the stable version will keep changing As It should and yeah, so that's basically it we have one more slide But yeah, basically We are proud to be continuing the legacy of chorus chorus Doesn't exist, but the spirit lives on in flat car and we also The locomotive our coordinates distribution is kind of like the the legacy of tectonic, which was the the chorus coordinates distribution Yeah, and that's it for the presentation and Hopefully you have some questions Yeah, I have questions so Not 100% familiar or super familiar with how chorus was managed but Do you plan to have also an API based type of management or do you have that already? Depends on how you look at it, right? So that's high by the way, I'm Kilo One of the directors of engineering at Kinfolk and my team owns that part So the good good not quite taking the direction that Taylor's is taking, right? so one of the approaches that of chorus was that The operating system layer to your cluster Which either runs containers or runs to the natives which one runs containers It's kind of just a piece of boring infrastructure like you don't want to handle it too much You want to have itself updating and maybe make a noise if something's wrong, but it shouldn't be too exciting for you, right? So and that's them That's the philosophy that chorus growth You do most of your configuration at provisioning time So we use just like for us views ignition for that is a Certain amount of compatibility to cloud to Cloud in it as well so you can do either or And you have minimal changes at at reboot time or that's about it Most of the operating system remains immutable. So if you want to change anything you really really thought That's for major changes The operating system doesn't have any package management, you're not installing software or flat car because you run containers, right? So in order to upgrade you just you know do this AB position flipping thing your update service on flat car Post the update server, which is either the public instance that we host or your own Nebraska instance that you host and Writes the update to the second partition and then either does the reboot depending on its configuration or signals a Upper level that it's now time to So if it cannot twice to be unexciting in the in the whole life cycle sense and that's the That's the the chorus approach that we're continuing with that Yeah, I got it. So yeah, I was I was kind of curious. I mean someone thought the operating systems are Basically moving towards that this API based Approach the other project that I familiar was sort of familiar as bottle rocket and also doing something with API But I think it's just ultimately is what the philosophy is on the with the project, right? And and how they want to what the users what the users will want, right? And their profile Mm-hmm the closest thing to an API API we have is the configuration at provisioning time Other than that, we just don't want to be in the way You would basically solve everything else with the containers Anybody else has any other questions? This is Eric. I did have one question and sorry. It's just may have already been answered But I believe they're still fedora chorus and I remember seeing the announcement that with black car It was going to be a seamless, you know the position where it's with the door There might have been a little bit more of I guess above I was just wondering if you guys could have shed a little bit more light on what the differences between, you know door chorus and black car Sure. Yeah, actually there was I Had a slide about this and then I removed it because I thought like okay chorus now has been end of life for like so many months that Talking about the update is not relevant anymore, but I guess I was wrong So updating from chorus to flat car is a very very Simple thing you just change the server That you are using for the updates and then you get the update to flat car and so the update it's just handled by by the OS like just another update and You you could have like your machine that is running chorus and then gets the update payload from the flat car server and when it reboots it's running flat car and That's it. So you basically just need to change the server that you get the updates from and that's it and So I guess the main difference between Fedora chorus and flat car is that we are a drop-in replacement Exactly, it works exactly the same way chorus worked Whereas in Fedora chorus, they went a different way and you basically would need to complete it redeploy and a lot of things have changed so like you would need to Adapt your setup to run on Fedora chorus the principles of being a container Linux aren't the same But it's not the same setup. So things change Gotcha, thank you. And then I did see a recent announcement about ebpf support. I think could you elaborate a little bit more on that? Sure, we we use ebpf a lot. So we we have a bunch of tools that we developed and so we ensure that Things work like it's possible and easy to use ebpf in flat car. It's not like very a Special changes that we are doing we are just basically enabling things in the kernel that are there to be used and we are Just providing containers Container images with bpf tools that you can run on top of flat car so that you can use bpf on flat car and so if you run a Kubernetes distribution on flat car you can use the bpf Tools that we wrote or the cube TTL trace that other people wrote Directly without having to do anything special because it just works out of the box so there's this This dpf-based tool that we are sort of sort of tools that we've been developing And it's actually pretty that Albon who was in this meeting earlier left Because he's the he's the director driving that team and So the the tool set is called inspector gadget and it allows you on the Kubernetes level to gain insight into what your what your server is doing and it uses Uses ebpf for that so Flat car will need some integration work and some testing work And that's what margar was mentioning and this is mainly about making sure that everything works from this from scratch and seamlessly and uses and just go and use tools like inspector gadget or the Vcc Tools you that is around and without jumping through any funny looks Any more questions? so, yeah, I think the my last question is The same that I that I asked the Talos team is are there any plans for making this cncf project or applying for one of the The stages and the cncf Tilo, I think this question is for you. I don't know the answer to this Was being quite I'm thinking hard say so our CEO Chris cool Sorry, I don't mean I don't mean to put you on the spot, right? It's a very good question. Just it deserves a very good answer So we didn't fully investigate options yet. It sure is a An interesting direction to explore I would if he'd be present I put I'd actually Forward this question to our CEO Chris cool. He's I think one of first cncf ambassadors. So there is very strong interest in Working with the cncf But we don't have any concrete plans or anything to announce at this point in time Yeah, got it. Yeah, so I think the cncf is always open, you know for for new projects. So whenever the project maintainers decide to apply then I think it yeah it's not They'll be happy to have the project or you know, whenever they're feeling like they're ready, right? So Any other last questions? twice Well, I want to thank the Talos team and I want to thank the black car team for both of your presentations and yeah, and and we also have a Sig runtime slack channel and mailing list and any other Topics that you want to discuss or any questions about these projects or any other projects that are related to Sig runtime Feel free to send them that way. So yeah, thank you very much Bye. Bye guys. Bye. Bye. Bye