Alright, welcome everybody to the November 2nd hyperledger technical oversight committee call. Two things that we have to be aware of and abide by on this call. The first is the antitrust policy. So this is a policy that basically says there are a number of people on this call from different organizations. And we must be aware of and not participate in any activities that are prohibited under any of the antitrust and competition laws across the world. The second thing that we have to abide by on the call is our code of conduct, which is linked specifically in the agenda. Basically says be respectful of others on the call of their ideas and opinions. And everything should be fine. The announcements today we have the standard Dev Weekly developer newsletter that goes out each Friday to hundreds of developers. If you do have anything that you would like to include in that newsletter, please do leave a comment on the link that's in the agenda. The second announcement is that on Thursday, November 16. We do have a workshop that is atomic cross ledger transactions between hyperledger basu and quarter ledgers using hyperledger cacti version two. And if you are interested in attending that workshop, please do click on the link in the agenda and register for that event. The announcement that is not on here, but it's probably something that is worth mentioning is that the voting period for the hyperledger technical oversight committee for 2024 has kicked off. So if you have received a ballot, please do cast your vote. I don't have until I think November 14 to do that. So that would be a Tuesday. And, you know, have a have a look at the candidates that are linked in the GitHub repo, the governance repo to see what their, what each of the candidates is all about. Other announcements that anybody would like to make today. Nope. Okay. So we do have the hyperledger saw to the reports that is out there. We do not have enough votes on that. At least not as of yesterday when I, the other day when I put this together. So please, if you haven't yet taken a look at this, please do take a look at it and add your comments, but feedback and potentially approval to that report. If you think it's looks good. Any, any questions on the sautees report for those of us who've had a chance to review it. No. Okay. So we do have four reports that are due next week. On the night. They are the non creds areas, Indy and the Roja reports. So if you are responsible for those please do have a look at putting those together. I do know I've seen at least in the chat that Steven is working on the first three. And it looks like Victor is going to thumbs up there for the Roja one so I will look to see those coming in next week. Great. So for discussion items today. There's two items on the agenda. The first is to talk about any actionable items for the to see from the San Francisco member summit that anybody who attended might have heard. And the second one is to talk about our best practices for automated pipelines task force. So this first item on the discussion list is intended to just obviously not talk about what anybody specifically said, but to talk about things that you may have heard at the San Francisco member summit that you think is one worthwhile for the to see to talk about. And then secondly, to see if there's anything that we think might be actionable for the to see to take as a as an action item moving forward. So I know a few of us were there. Maybe I'll open the floor to see if anybody has any specific thoughts before I add mine. So let me let me add a couple things that I heard. And then we can maybe talk about if there's something that we think we can do about that, or, or not. So, one of the things that I thought was take away from the conversations that I had is that there's still a question about how to relate to the Hyperledger Foundation. Right. So, you know, what is the what is the process are there, you know, different mechanisms obviously we've got labs and top level projects that can come in. So there was a, you know, a couple of folks in the member summit who weren't necessarily aware of the different processes that we have. There's a possibility for us to figure out if there's something that we can do to potentially help that for new folks who are coming into the foundation. The second thing that I heard surrounding that same thing is not only the how but the why. And I know that David Boswell had given us a presentation few months back about kind of the why it's important to contribute to open source. And I think, you know, potentially there's something that we could do around that particular item of bringing, bringing that discussion to a wider audience, other than just the TOC, who obviously, you know, added to that knows kind of why it's important. So those are two of the first things that I've heard that I thought were interesting from the Hyperledger member summit. Any thoughts on those items. Yeah, I'm really glad to hear that I wasn't in that session that you mentioned because there were just for the people who weren't there there were some parallel sessions that were going on. So I missed that one that you were referring to Tracy, but I'm glad to hear there is interest in why I think, you know, it's easy to assume that maybe everybody kind of understands the why but to have people say that, you know, they would be helpful for them to understand that is, is useful to hear and you know, as you say we've done some of that this year but it sounds like for next year we definitely need to do more so that's helpful to hear. Yeah, David, I'm wondering, you know, is there mechanisms to get that presentation to a wider audience that you presented to us is there ways to, you know, have we written a blog post up about this you know what are the mechanisms I guess for specific items that we could do is takeaways. Yeah, I'm sure there certainly are I mean I'd be curious to hear from people what what format it would be useful and I mean I think a lot of this is content that maybe it's helpful for people to take internally like I'm happy to do another presentation I'm happy to do a blog post but I think it might be. And maybe I'm wrong about this but my assumption is maybe it's information that somebody who's interested in getting their organization to contribute would take and have a conversation internally so. And again, if that's the case, let me know what what's the right format and how would it be useful to empower those people like what's the right way to structure what's the right way to you know, you know, give it to those people who want to have those internal conversations. That's an assumption I'm making maybe that's true maybe it's not that's why I'd be interested in to hear from people here like if it's useful for you to have that why conversation internally what. What sort of material would be helpful for you to have that conversation. Happy. Thanks Tracy on I find like from an educational perspective and that was your first point is how to, you know, get that information to the people who need it on how to contribute on the different levels. And this is just something that I find when on community building is that if you have like say the first Wednesday of the month. Welcome to the community session and it's consistent on that first Wednesday, you'll find people who have questions will make that event, and then David's great presentation could be then you know whatever you want to give them but I find if there's a consistent time for people and they say oh yeah it's coming up it's coming up I'll I'll make that rather than to reach out to David and say David I don't know how to contribute can you teach me. That's just a thought. Thanks for that body and David I think to your other point. I do know that it is important for there to be somebody internally to organizations that can help people through the process. And then don't feel like they have to continue to reach out to, you know, the hyper ledger staff or somebody in the hyper ledger community with questions that they think are fairly basic right that they, they, they should figure out why I like your idea, you know, is a playbook or something that could be put together. That would help these people start to have those conversations are doing it. I mean, part of the problem is, is if nobody knows about it in the organization and it's hard to have that internal person but if, if you do have an internal person that's been through the open source process before and other places and it tends to be an easier sort of thing and so you know there's, I think there's two different types of people or audiences that we have to account for in that thing, which is the, you know, maybe people who have been involved in open source and other projects and just need the hours hyper ledger different or same. And then there's the, I don't know anything about open source and what are the first steps that I should be taking as I try and figure out like, what do I need to do, right. So I need to talk to the legal department I need to get, you know, some sort of agreement from somebody a sponsor, you know things like that that I think would be useful to obviously have. And so, yeah, I guess, having a thought through the different sorts of folks that something might be useful for. That's a good point I mean we can't treat all organizations the same because they might be at different places right so what what may be helpful for one person and one organization might not be the right way to approach others so I mean I think that's all good feedback and and yeah again if you have any if anybody here on the call has specific suggestions or ideas I'm certainly open to it but this will be something so we're going to take feedback from member summit and go into our staff planning call for 2024 next week so yeah any these sorts of conversations ideas are going to be really helpful for us so yeah I will definitely bring up the we need to do more why. In that discussion about 2024. All right, Peter. I will put down a quick suggestion on what to put in the document. I think licensing would be one of the front and center things because if somebody is trying to advocate for this internally. Probably one of the first questions they will ask themselves is how how am I going to explain to our legal department what is going to happen. And if they don't know the intricacies of the licensing if they are aware of all the reasons why we use Apache to. They may not be able to articulate that as well as it possibly could. So the document could help them with that specific thing, for example. Yeah Peter I think that's a great example I remember having a conversation with some lawyers about what was Apache to and what did it mean for patterns and things like that so I think that's definitely a really is a conversation that will happen. In the reaction to the government being on that contributions discussion was was pretty good. So perhaps two things. One is a specific focus on the benefits of open source, you know open by default for governments in general. So that's one and then the second would be those with influence within governments, promoting open source by government as as an approach. So I think both of those methods could be useful and in showing a particular governments how to move forward in the open world. So it's something that obviously DC government does very well. And I'm sure a lot of folks could learn from what you guys are doing there. You know, I do think that the open by default is is a extremely useful sort of idea. And I think the, you know, very similar to to what you say, right. I think that sponsorship of having somebody who thinks that open source is important is important regardless of whether it's government or business. And so hot one how do you find that sponsor and to, you know, what would that sponsor need to be doing in order to make sure that open source is successful at a particular organization. Other thoughts on this topic or any other topics that people who attended the San Francisco member summit may have taken away. I had a couple of other thoughts from a couple other sessions. There were two other sessions I went to that I did think there were some interesting discussions that might be relevant for the Tuesday one was the kind of the evolution of fabric and I was really encouraged by that session. And so for the people who weren't there, it was, it was a really nice mix it wasn't only the existing fabric contributors and maintainers there were some people who are new relatively new to the community new to fabric, who really wanted to step up and get involved. So I thought that was a really nice takeaway that, you know, we can get more people involved and there are people out there who do want to step up and take a leadership position so two of the three facilitators. The member summit, again, relatively new to the community that was Sam from go ledger and Svetans from Senefi. So it was really great to see them wanting to really help take a leadership position and then Dave in your it was there, and he did a really great job of setting up the discussion he did a mapping exercise. And so this is one of the points I wanted to reference. He, you know, there's a lot going on in the community around fabric it's not only fabric you know there's other projects or other labs that are related to it. And so he did a mapping exercise he put all that together in one place and really showed hey these are the different pieces and here is how they fit. And that was really valuable so that you know I think we still need to do some work about figuring out where that lives and then doing some promotions around that but we heard from people there hey this was really valuable. But I thought it was really instructive that there were people who had been in the community for a while and didn't know about many of those things they may have known about some of those things but not all of them. And then we heard from people who are new to the community and it's like hey I started using fabric and didn't know about any of these things because it wasn't really clear right you go to the fabric project and you think that's all there is about fabric right so we heard from I've been using fabric for months and I finally found out about this one lab and it was usually beneficial for me right like a cut down the amount of time that I had, you know, to spend on doing a thing so, you know that mapping exercise was useful and I heard from other people there you know the mapping for fabric has been done but maybe the thing for the to see is to consider, are there other places where we want to do that ecosystem mapping because I had one person in that session say hey this would be really useful for for Bezu right, and maybe it would be really useful to have a mapping of the identity ecosystem or maybe, you know, maybe there's other ecosystems that would be useful to, to map and and to provide, you know, for people so that that's one take away. It seemed to be a very useful thing to do for fabric maybe there's other things we the to see would want to do that same sort of thing for. And then part two of that once you have that map, you know I think some some things become more obvious so when Dave did that mapping. It was very clear that there were a few different efforts that were very similar to each other that we could. You know, try to make an attempt to drive some, you know, to facilitate some discussions and see if we could drive some collaboration very much like what happened around cacti and weaver and interoperability. So maybe, you know, we could do the same thing where we bring those together so that was one of the sessions and I can talk about another session to but I want to see if Dave has anything to add to that but I do think that mapping exercise. Very, very useful. Maybe we want to do it for more projects, but Dave, do you have anything else to add on that fabric one. I think you covered it extremely well. I would like to figure out where and all that lives so we can share that with the to see maybe in a future call. Right. Yeah, that was my question. I wanted to see if we could get a preview of that, at least to, you know, see what this mapping exercise looks like. I think maybe to give people some ideas for how that might work out in other areas. Given a thumbs up so I think, you know, once you guys get that in a place that we can take a look at it, maybe we add that to a future to a C call just to take a look at it or something like that. Yeah. Yeah, I don't know Dave if you want to, you know, we could maybe share that next week or something or or but yeah I'll follow up with you over discord and we can talk more about where it lives and everything. Sure. And again, I, you know, I think it's up for this group to decide but maybe again, there are maybe other places where that mapping exercise would be helpful. The other session I went to was called reducing the cost of deployment and there was a number of different discussions there. But there were two things that again I thought were relevant for this group. One was we heard from people say there's some gaps in the technology like hey when I'm wanting to deploy something. It would be really helpful to have this thing or this other thing so, you know, they, I've, I've encouraged those facilitators to document that and maybe we can invite them to a future to a C call for them to share like exactly what they heard about what those missing gaps were. I don't want to, you know, kind of speak on their behalf but I heard some people say that hey it would be helpful to have something or a key management or hey it would be helpful to have something around zero knowledge proofs, you know, right. So, what are those people who are trying to deploy things do in those cases when they feel like hey there's this missing piece so I don't know if there's a kind of, again, the facilitated discussion between them and the TOC like how what do we do with when we hear that there's a gap what do we do about that right it says basically the high level that I thought maybe the TOC would work on I know we did that project gap task force. Maybe every year and a half plus right now is that like an ongoing effort or do we need to do that on a repeating basis maybe every year every two years we need to kind of re as that re look at gaps so anyway that was one takeaway that I heard people say there were some technology gaps and it would be great if these other projects existed, or other labs existed. David on that particular one. No yes we did do the project gaps but I don't think we ever figured out how to fill those gaps. The step that needs to be taken. Sure. Once we once we figure out what the gaps are. How do we figure out one what exists out there today. And is there something that we can go have a conversation with the folks who are maintaining that currently. Or are we already having conversations with those folks right. I think you know there's a in the open wallet foundation. There is what we're calling an OID for VC task force and there's two things that they're kind of focusing on. One is educating people well about what OID for VC is. And the second thing is to go out and actually do a survey of what's out there. And really take a look at what's open source what licenses they're using. What features do they have available. Because what they want to do from this task force is go out and reach out to the people who are obviously maintaining these projects and see if they can bring those into the open wallet foundation as a project as a place where people can already have something that's available. Obviously, you know if there's nothing that's available then there's a question of from the people who are involved in this task forces are some project that they would like to start together. I think that's, you know, for this particular task force obviously it's not the case there's a ton of things that are out there focused on this. So I really think that we could do something that is we have a gap we know about a gap with somehow find out about that gap and then we create some sort of task force that is specifically focused on getting the code into the Hyperledger foundation for that gap. Yeah, be that either through something that already exists or through creation of a new lab slash project. Yeah, that's a great idea I mean you're right you're right and I agree with you it's not just enough to rerun that gaps task force because you're right that it was missing that other piece but yeah the gaps task force plus that the piece you're just talking about from open wallet seems very powerful. And again if it's helpful for the to see I can invite those facilitators to come to the session and have them share more about what the gaps they were seeing, but but that was one takeaway. And then the other one was and I think Dave you had a good point there and if I miss kind of quote you step in but you were talking about how now that we have had people doing a lot of deployments in different spaces it would be helpful to look at those different deployment patterns in a given area, and then see what we could do to kind of help people replicate or repeat those patterns. So in my mind maybe that's documentation or a lab or white paper or what have you. But like, you know, again we've had a lot of supply chain deployments at this point we've had a lot of you know different deployments at this point like how do we, and I think you would reference grid as a good example like is there a project or resource that's like hey if you're doing a deployment on this thing. Here's a thing you can use to help you get there quicker right so. So again I don't know if that's a task force or what but maybe some sort of a pattern. Pattern creation or power whatever we call it pattern you know some sort of thing to help identify and help people kind of leverage all the work that's been done before, you know, around these different types of uses. So did that kind of capture your point or did is that not quite what you were going for. And that's a question for David. Yeah, sorry. I think I think that was it. I'm still thinking about the fabric session sorry. Oh, no worries, no worries, but I didn't think you had a good point I mean we have I mean, how do we help people leverage all the work that's been done in the space I do like the idea of that patterns, you know, patterns exercise. Yeah, that makes a lot of sense. Peter. I was thinking about case studies in general just tying back to the answering the why question. But what I was struggling with as I was thinking about it is that a lot of the things that would answer the question why are just really hard to measure, or it's not something that people would be willing to publish. But for going all that if there were members of the foundation who would be willing to participate in some sort of. Yeah, we do have the podcast so if if the podcast could do with someone willing an interview about the why and how they benefited from it. That could also be part of the content that helps people advocate internally, because then they have something to point to saying. These are the benefits because these other companies these other members of the foundation had done this and this and that's how it had gone better. But before we actually go there, we do have to figure out what those measurable objectives would be, which is very hard and I'm yet to come up with specific things for that because from my perspective, it's all very subjective but I could tell you personally is that well it increases developer productivity it increases developer morale because there's open source things versus proprietary and people are way more engaged internally with things that there's a chance they could contribute back to things like that but I couldn't, for example, touch it from the business side. On a different topic. I've heard in the Bezu session conversation but the possibility of putting together a mechanism between the project and the foundation or collecting funding for a specific for purpose and then considering contributors. So funding a an open source contribution for some specific goal. This is something we've talked about in the communities I've been a part of for for a while. I'm hoping that is it is moving forward and moving along but I think that could be very helpful for your for some communities. I don't know where where exactly that lies and, and, you know, how real it is but I'm certainly hoping it's real. Yeah, yeah, I was in that session soon you're right there was a lot of interest around that so thanks for flagging that Steven yeah and mine. I mean I think hard story person to answer that he's been closest to it. He's unfortunately not on this particular call he's got a conflict today at another event but yeah I mean it is real and maybe we can have him share about that at an upcoming call. You know one of the things I found interesting about that basic session was the focus on enterprise, you know enterprise requirements, gathering those requirements and then developing the source for those requirements right. So, you know, I really think, obviously, you know, we do already have a number of people who are probably providing input and feedback and future requests to our projects. I just thought it was interesting that they were doing it in a special interest group as a mechanism to really drive. People who are interested in coming together and having those discussions and doing the prioritization right to help figure out what is the most important thing for the group of people who are involved in that special interest group so, you know, I don't, I don't think there's any specific action item for the TOCO not one but I do think that there is an interesting pattern that is forming there that potentially other projects could use within the Hyperledger Foundation. Yeah, I definitely think that pattern is very important I mean we've thought at a high level how to do it but you know how you govern the funding and and how decisions are made is pretty important in figuring that out making sure every you know these are crossed and eyes are dotted so you know it doesn't have to be perfect out of the gate but but just to have that example out there and then solidify it would be super helpful I think. Yeah, no I agree with you Steven the details matter and I think getting in I don't want to speak for heart but I think that's where things are like trying to just make sure the you know we've reviewed this enough and have a confidence that this is the right setup so just taking a little bit of time. Anything else that anybody took away from the San Francisco member summit that would be useful for people to either hear about or things that we might want to take actions on. Okay, well I think this is a really good discussion and I think we should. There are definitely some items here that we can think about moving forward. Taking some action on and seeing how we can move this forward. So I guess with that the next item on our agenda is the best practices for automated pipelines task force. So Peter, this is up to you to give us an update on where things are at and see if there's anything that you want the to see to reflect on or respond to. Okay, I will put the forums link to chat in a second. So to catch up everyone. Peter, do you want to drive? Do you want to share your screen or do you want me to keep this page up? Oh yeah, if I could share it with you. So to catch up people from last time, we were working on a survey specifically about automation and I left it open for comments and editing for everyone. So by now, I will say it have reached the final form and if everyone's okay with it, we could publish it to maintainers of all the projects and then see how many responses we get. And then what I was going, it says disabled share. Thank you. Yes, so I will put the link of this in the chat and from my perspective, it is ready to go. But I did want to give everyone another chance to comment request changes that we could do live right here right now. And if not, then then it's published time. So does anyone have any thoughts on that with the default being that it's published time. Peter, can you remind us we're sending this up to the maintainers, is that right? Yeah, the plan is to first trust the maintainers and then based on the answers you get there, you can decide if you want to reach out to every contributor or whoever we can access as well. If we just stop with the maintainers because it also depends on how difficult it will be the process to data. How many conclusions do we feel like we can draw from it. Maybe based on the answers will determine that we would like to have more answers maybe we'll say oh this this is enough. Just this one comment can we convert some of these questions into from radio box into checkboxes with multi select options. Yes, I can do that right now which one. I'm interested in questions related to projects that ask where we're asking which package repository do you use or which dependency tool do you use this possibility that the project teams maintain multiple. At least on the code blockchain side there are like SDK projects where they deal with multiples of that. I want checkboxes. I agree that makes sense. So registries, package manager, checkboxes, preferred package registry. I mean maybe even this could be maybe they have a short list of top three. Maybe not. This is definitely a radio box. Yeah, this is yeah. Are these the ones that you're thinking about? Right. The package registry the the one that you already changed and then think there was one more thing about preferred package registry. This one. Okay, cool. If there's no other feedback then we can publish this and then analyze the data. And the other thing that I was going to post again is the link to the wiki page, which is this one. And then if you click through to the draft and this is where we are at. So it's a checklist and this is still not ready yet. It's a work in progress, but I just wanted to highlight that we're very open to contributions and that in the next couple of weeks, I will add some things to it that will make it a first draft or release candidate, so to speak. And then we can think about publishing it. And then the question I had is if it is already clear what time, which week we will have the last TOC meeting of the year before the elections, or is there going to be a gap at all? Because I remember last year and usually another years there was some time when we were not having meetings because the election was ongoing. Yes, so Peter, I think the intention for this year is to have a bit of an overlap based on the timing of what things are. It would be obviously great to have anybody who ran for the TOC to attend these meetings and find out what the overall process is and that sort of thing. But I do think that we will have to figure out potentially depending on what changes there are to the TOC handoff of existing task forces. So kind of an update to what's happening there and obviously we do have I think a couple of meetings in December that we won't have just because of end of year holidays and things like that that people might have. So there's like probably three weeks depending on when the timing is of not having meetings end of December beginning of January. Gotcha. Okay. So with all that in mind, my plan is to have the draft ready for final review before we go into the holidays so that everyone can spend their holidays reading the draft and reviewing it. And then when we come back in January, we can just hit publish. And then other than that, I did not have much else for today. Okay. Any, any questions or comments for Peter. My question is, do you want me to cancel the meetings on the 21st and 28th of December. Today, or do you want to wait.  Right. I think those are definitely ones that we will not be having. Just based on the timing. Yeah, feel free to cancel those. I think we also have, I don't know if we've canceled the 23rd yet of November, which is Thanksgiving in the US, which means that a number of folks on the call won't actually be here. So we should probably do that one as well. And then we'll probably do that maybe the 4th of January, my guess is that depending on what holidays people are taking, they may end up taking off that week as well. So. Okay, you should all be getting hundreds of meeting cancellation emails. I appreciate that. All right, any other topics for today. If there's no other topics, then we will say that we are finished for today and we will talk again next week. Everybody have a great week. Thank you. Bye.


Welcome folks. This is Tom O'Brien of TFNN. We're here five days a week. We go seven hours a day We go 24 hours a day in the internet at TFNN.com Always remember folks, whatever you think about you bring about whatever you focus on grows. Hope everyone's having a great day Safe day.  Let's take a look at it out here. We have the now industrials down to 63 Nasdaq's off 30 S&P's off 31 gold contract down 25 dollars treated 1806 and ounce you get silver down 35 cents 20 dollars 90 cents an ounce light sweet crude off 2 bucks 262 right now buck 18 32 a barrel notes and bonds they continue to plow how they hire You get the 10-year note right now trading down 29 ticks at 114 11 the 30 off a full point plus 10 ticks at 131 oh seven and King dollar King dolls up 494 ticks straight now to 105 573 the euro out here is at 104 the yen is at 135 and the British pound is at 119 to 1 US dollar iPhone number is<PHONE_NUMBER> give us a call folks One notes going on in your world and the world of the S&P's let's take a look at them What do you have well bottom line folks first off? Even after the lows yesterday you had the volume behind the move you blew the b-point away the b-point on the SM Spy is 131 million price projection by the price of the b-point was 380 We did 100 270 million bottom line that gives you a price projection of 335 and if you take a look at this, this is crucial to really understand how this is set up Why because I've been talking about JP Morgan JP Morgan's already there You take a look at this and we take a look at the aspect of 335 What you're gonna see here is that you're at the February Pre-covid level. That's 339. So I suspect what we're gonna see here is that the market is gonna dig into the highs of the lows Of March of March COVID so long way down. That's really not that far down actually It's only 50 points down and we've already down 100 But boy, there's next 50 gonna be painful and the x100 3 queues What do we have with the 3 queues bottom line with the 3 queues out here same setup 3 queues You had the b-point that was set up out here at 280 that's 180 dollars. You had 91 million shares traded You did 94.4 million shares traded.  Yeah, I guess it gets you right down to February 20th of 2020 And we look at that. So you got what that's 50 points Yeah, look at this and we're already 125 the thing that's crazy that I mean perceptions always everything right the thing is that I'm looking at I'm saying myself hold it. That's not that much further down But yet that's because we're already going so far down. We're already down off 408 dollars, you know and Bottom line you get the gist of it The bottom line is and I hope you understand what ABC structures do folks because a to be equal c to d The a to b move is a straight line move the c to d can be all over the place and Actually, let me bring this back so you can see how this works because this The c to d move is also a straight line move Then if I put Fibonacci with this you're gonna see the type of bounce that we actually got it was just over point 3a2 that's a dead. That's a dead cat bounce man. That's the bottom. So it's trouble We take a look at the gold contract. What do you have with the gold gold contract went down hard yesterday a bottom line right now We're trading down. We've got 150,000 contracts now. That's that's lightening up. Thank God because You know, I suspect what's gonna happen here. We get the Fed tomorrow Bottom line meeting There we go, we get the Fed and they'll be coming out at 2 o'clock tomorrow You know bottom line giving us the rate increase and I suspect this gold's gonna go after this 1792. That's the way it's set up right now and good old King dollar So King dollar is the number here that could get pretty intense man. If King dollar, let me tell you something If you want to go to Europe right if King dollar actually does get up to this 121 You're gonna load up on euros man. I mean because what we're gonna have here here. Let's let's bring this back I gotta bring this back actually I don't have to bring this back almost Well, let's see. I've had Yeah, so there it is here. So watch this so your next stop You get a swing high at 121 and That's where I'm figuring you're going. Let me look at this one up here 151 when that was 1987 1984 Okay, so hold it. Let me bring this back to there because we're gonna take one step at a time where that's 2000 oh, I see okay one second That's okay, so here we go Okay, so you can see how this is laying out what you have you've had this consolidation the consolidation that the dollar was in This is a long consolidation. I mean, you know, so it's built up power man And this is telling me that this is you're actually gonna go which is gonna be a mindblower So the the top of the consolidation was 103 the bottom of the consolidation is 88 Would you know when you basically add that up you got 15 points you had 15 the top of 103 You got 118 and look at those highs up there the laying out there laying out there a 120 167 So bottom line is that it looks to me like this is where we're going and if that's where we go And let me tell you something man We'll go to the euro the other side of it. So we can go to euro Europe go to Italy go to the Amalfi coast have a good time Bottom line if we go there watch this. I think we'll go to 87 on the euro That 87 Yeah, it is because I remember that that I remember when we were doing that the last time I was yapping the same deal It's 87 man. So and you can see what's happening with the euro It's just ready to break man anything under 10521 which you're under right now next stop man, you know bottom line. We'll see how long it takes You know currencies, you know normally take a little bit longer, but currencies trend in an incredible way versus equities of futures and Right now man the trend and the euro is down the trend during the dollar is up the feds gonna come in tomorrow and Bottom line, you know go up on rates again, and that's what that's what you're seeing here That's why you're seeing that that 10 and a 30 move so quick stay right here folks. Come right back


Hi everybody it's Sam here, thank you for watching today. I wanted to show you how to make this really easy little flip top donut box. So I've made this using the new baked goods stamp set that I have just released and on the front there you can see it says all you need is love and donuts and I've heat embossed that on some heat resist acetate and you can just lift it up and you can see all of the donuts there with their happy little faces on them. It's on a top fold 5x7 car but you can make this on any size that you want and you can see you've got all your space inside there. I've popped some tissue paper which I've actually embossed using one of my embossing folders I'll show you that. You can just tuck the sides of the tissue in but that will all fit into your envelope. I just think it's really fun, perfect for any person that you know with a sweet tooth or especially a donut fan. I think this is the perfect card so let me show you how to make it. So I have made a donut pop-up box on my channel so if anybody has these stamps you could make the pop-up version as well so I'll link that up here because it's a really, really fun card and I've thoroughly enjoyed making that one as well. So just talk you through the bits that I have used. So for the pattern paper here in the background it's actually taken from one of my older pads and this is from the Twist and Pop collection and it's just the polka dot one here and I just really liked, I thought the colours worked really well and you just get to see the odd little polka dots there and that colour worked really well with the pink and it's going to work well with the purple that I'm using for this one. You do also have the 8x8 pad which has just been released with my shutter card collection and you've got some really nice designs there. I think the sprinkles would work really well or even this kind of striped pattern there as well so you've got a few options. So first of all I've got my 5x7 premade card blank. If you want to make your own it's a piece of 10x7, score along the 10 inch side at 5 inches and you've got your card blank. I've then got this piece here which is going to be the lid for my little donut box and this has come from the card making magic rectangle dies. I will link them if they're available, I know these ones always seem to sell out very quickly so like I said follow the link but any rectangles that you've got or if you're going to cut just a rectangle shape yourself then you'll want something that is about 6.25x4 ok so that's for my lid, you can see the die there that I've used to cut that one out I've then taken the so actually for anybody that has those dies it is the 1, 2, 3, 4, the 5th largest for the main one I've then taken these two here so this one we're only going to actually cut 3 sides of it so again if you're using a cutting knife in a ruler or just your scissors it's easy to do. This one is 5.5x3.8 so it's about 3.18 and then this one here is where I'm going to actually have this will be the aperture in the lid where I'm going to back it with the acetate, this is 4.5x2 and 2.38 and again if you've got this set you're then looking at the, I go from the smallest 1, 2, 3, 4, the 5th and 7th smallest you can see anyway just measure them and you'll be able to work out what ones you need so with these two here first of all I'm going to lay down this one, pop it down so you get a nice equal border lay down some tape now what you want to do is I'm going to grab my I use my base plate here because this is wider than my big shot so I'm popping this through my big shot plus but I'm going to use the smaller plate from my big shot basically you want to partially die cut this so what that means is anything that is between your top plate and your base plate will cut anything you don't want to cut you leave it exposed so I want one of these ends to stay connected to the card so I'm going to lay my plate down right up just to that metal there so I can run that through now but all that is going to cut I would suggest you have it straight but all that's going to cut is whatever is between the plates so that strip that is exposed will not cut and it will leave it attached and it's this piece here that I'm talking about so I'm just going to run that through my machine ok so now I want to peel that away you'll see it's cut the three sides but not this one here it was just started to I've got a little bit of stitching there but that's fine do a scoreboard and just match it up to one of your tracks and just join the two ends there so now I can just fold that back and you'll see we've got our flip lid but you now want to add your aperture now you may decide you don't want to you could just pop some mats and layers on top of there and you can stamp your sentiment that will look really nice but I'm now going to cut this one in as well so I'm just going to grab some more tape again get that nice and centered put that in there I'm just going to run that through ok so you can see that's now cut away so you'll have something like that next you want to add your acetate now you may not want to heat emboss onto it so you could just use any kind of window sheet or acetate but I've got the heat resist crafters companion you get 15 sheets and I've just taken one of my scrap pieces there now because everybody's kind of window is going to be different all you want to do is lay it down on the back and just pop a little mark where it's where you want to cut make sure it's just going to cover those you know you want it to stick on these four sections of this piece here so it just wants to fit behind that one there ok so I've cut that out now I've already got my all you need is love and doughnuts in there so it should if this is pretty much the same size it should sit in the middle of that piece there now you want to treat this just like you would any other embossing that you're doing heat embossing so I'm just going to rub over it with my anti-static powder you can use cornflour some of them some of you might have the brushes but just get that covered I always like to put it on my fingers as well especially if you wear hand creams and things like that you'd be surprised what it attracts to now I am just going to reposition this again just in case I've cut this one slightly different so I think that's about right just pop my magnet down there pick that up always make sure that you reposition whatever it is back into that corner because they do shift and then I've just got my VersaMark here which is your watermark stamp pad and with acetate you just want to gently lay it down if you kind of squash the stamp it's going to slide on the surface so I just kind of you know push it down enough but not too much and then you should be able to see just yeah when I hold mine up to the light I can see that's transferred there we go you can just see there we go you can just make it out so that's worked fine I'm just going to dump some of my white embossing powder over the top just flick it off and because I've covered it really well with the powder you can see there's no specs anywhere else it's just all stuck to the sentiment so I'm just going to clear that away next you want to get your heat gun nice and hot this will catch very very quickly it literally takes seconds it's you know it's much much faster than on cardstock so I'm going to get this warmed up and get that set okay so I'll just give it a second to cool but can you see now get that lovely sentiment on your acetate so you can give it a wipe afterwards if you've got any sticky marks things like that you don't like but that is now ready for me to stick on the back of this so I've got a thin tape here I'm waiting for some of my red tape to come in order so I'm just going to use this but you're better off with a double sided tape than with a liquid glue so I'm just going to run that around all four sides take away the backing make sure you've got your sentiment facing along where it's still joined and then I'm just going to lay this down like so if you've got anything sticky or you're worried there may be a rub over this side with your powder okay and now you see you've got your flip lid next I'm going to just take a little piece out of one of the sides it just gives it a bit more of an authentic look so I'm just going to pop that in the middle there pop it on that side as well if you want to now you'll start to see how it's all coming together so next I'm going to grab my card blank and then this pattern paper here now you may want to do it as a mat layer and have a border but I'm going to cover the whole piece of this it almost looks like it's maybe like a table cloth like a polka dot table cloth so it's up to you you might have nice wood grain that you could have here so like a nice wooden counter top or something it's entirely up to you I might want to have an embossed piece as well take that for the top there and then flip it over and you can just trim from the back and you get a nice finish okay so that's ready then I've just got some tissue paper here and I've got the 5x7 embossing folder which also comes with the latest release there's two sheets of the tissue paper here but I'm just going to emboss them it's just a little it's not like in your face but it is there if someone looks closely at the card so I'm just going to run that through you can see you get all that lovely detail now there are it's kind of ripped you know all kind of cut through in certain sections but it's tissue paper it's so thin and delicate you're going to get that but it still does look really nice next you want to die cut using the largest one here another piece in white okay so I've got that piece there and that's going to be the base of my box here so I've got some of my foam strips these are just from Amazon I've all linked them below I'm just going to run some foam along the four sides okay and then what I did with the tissue paper is I just separated it so they kind of just kind of offset so they're just a little bit offset like that and then I just popped through the back and the front so that the sides were overhanging so you just need to kind of play with it but you want to do something like that or however you decide I mean that's just the way that I'm doing it there and then you're going to trim away these two sections here so I'm just going to kind of pinch that together and then just go in like so as you can see it's kind of hidden behind there and again the idea is is that those bits will stay hidden under the sides and you just have those bits poking out like that then I'm just going to add a blob of glue roughly where each of the donuts would be because obviously you're going to stick the donuts on but all this tissue paper will be free or like loose so just by doing it like that it means that if there's any glue visible it's going to get hidden by the donuts I'm also going to take my backing off which I almost forgot to do and then I just had it slightly angled down on the glue there and then with this piece you just want to add your glue inside I mean you might just choose to use one piece of tissue paper but that way it's all attached but you'll hide all that in a minute when we stick the donuts on top what I also did is I just kind of pushed the tissue paper kind of under the sides a little bit just so it just kind of shows the depth of the box a little bit more and then it kind of folds out around like so and then that can just be hidden inside there once you get it all in place it does look really effective so again just sliding that all underneath and then you can just fold it back out and just see what I've done there so now you can see where the glue is that's kind of where you want to aim for your donuts I'm going to do a different arrangement let's bring this one back in oh I realised I didn't stick down that the whole point was of having the white is the new sandwiched it in between that some of you are probably thinking that do you know what I'm going to leave it in the video ideally you can see the white there it just finishes off the bottom okay these things happen I may I guess I could stick that but then you're going to not see the tissue let's just leave it just shows I'm human I'm certainly not going to be lifting that all up but I am going to lay these down slightly different and what I did do again because you've got the foam is just kind of clip the tops and the bottoms of the donuts just underneath the frame there okay but yeah ideally before you stick that on there just stick it onto that bit there some of you were probably saying as you were watching so you're not meant to stick onto the white bit first but never mind so yeah maybe lay down your donuts so you know where you're sticking them because I've done that one I can kind of you know I'm kind of happy with where I need to place these but and I like to angle them all as well as the faces all kind of looking in different directions so I'll do that one up there and I coloured these using alcohol markers and I used my glossy accents on the top half there on the icing just to give it that shine so we just have this one fixing the other way and again you can see how they all fit in just right so let's do there we go we'll do that way so I'm going to get the rest of those stuck down okay so that's them all stuck down there actually doesn't look too bad without the white behind but now when you close it that's how it will be when they take it out of the envelope which I think looks really cool with the little bit that's cut out there they're kind of encouraged to lift it up and they can see the donuts wouldn't it be good if they were real here you have it my little flip lid donut boxes donut card so I think they're super cute really really like these ones can't wait to give these out and I hope you've enjoyed this video as well it gives you some more ideas on how to use your stamps as always I will link everything in the description box below I'll also link in now the other donut pop-up box because you can like I said at the beginning use these stamps in that style and as always if you've enjoyed my tutorial today and you're not subscribed please hit the subscribe button and hit the notification bell and that way you'll be notified every time I upload a new tutorial thanks for watching and I'll be back again soon bye


Carbon-based nanomaterials have been gaining increasing attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties. These materials can be used in a variety of applications, such as supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and hydrogen evolution reactions. In order to optimize performance, non-metallic elements like nitrogen, boron, sulfur, and phosphorus can be added to the material either individually or in combination. Additionally, structural modifications can be made to create defect sites, edge functionalization, and interlayer distance manipulations. The goal of these modifications is to improve the overall performance of the device. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated with using carbon-based nanomaterials in energy storage and conversion are discussed. This article was authored by Gopala Krishnan Kothandam, Gurwinder Singh, Sinwe Gwan, and others.


A very good evening to all our friends and welcome to the Hindu News Analysis of Shankar IAS Academy for the date 17th October 2020. The list of the news articles along with the page numbers of 5 different editions is given here for your reference and the handwritten notes in the PDF format and time stampings for all the news articles taken up for today's discussion is given in the description box and also in the comment section for the best interest of the viewers. Now let us start with our first news. This article talks about the interim results of the Solidarity Trail conducted by the World Health Organization. So in this context, let us discuss the concept of repurposing of drugs, then about the Solidarity Trail, its interim results and finally about other similar trials. The syllabus relevant for this analysis is highlighted here for your reference. Please go through it. First of all, let us understand what is meant by repurposing of drugs. We all know that traditional drug development process consumes time and resource immensely and despite huge investments, the chances of a lead molecule to enter open market are often minimal. Here lead molecule refers to a chemical compound which might prove to be a good candidate for drug development. So in such cases, one of the viable options for newcomers in the field of new drug research is drug repurposing. Drug repurposing or drug repositioning is studying the drugs that are already proved to treat one disease or condition to see if they are safe and effective for treating other diseases. It is said that the vaccine for COVID-19 may take years to develop so the best alternative is drug repurposing. Hence several trials such as the Solidarity Trail coordinated by the World Health Organization have been doing it. Now what is Solidarity Trail? See it is an international clinical trail to help find an effective treatment for COVID-19. It was launched by the World Health Organization and its partners. And know that it is one of the largest international randomized trials for COVID-19 since enrolling almost 12,000 patients in 500 hospital sites in over 30 countries. And know that the trail is evaluating the effects of drugs on three important outcomes in COVID-19 patients. And they are the mortality, then the need for assisted ventilation and duration of hospital stay. And according to the World Health Organization, Solidarity Trail will compare four treatment options to assess the relative effectiveness against COVID-19. The four treatment options are Remdesivir, then Lopinavir or Retinavir, then Lopinavir or Retinavir with Interferon Beta1a and finally the Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine. Here Remdesivir was previously tested as an Ebola treatment. Then Lopinavir or Retinavir is a licensed treatment for HIV. And know that Interferon Beta1a is used to treat multiple sclerosis. Then Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine are very closely related and are used to treat malaria and rheumatology conditions respectively. See the pressure which the COVID-19 puts on health systems forced the WHO to speed up its trials and while randomized clinical trials normally takes years to design and conduct, the Solidarity Trail will reduce the time taken by 80% because enrolling patients from different parts of the world in one single randomized trail will help facilitate the rapid worldwide comparison of unproven treatments. And this will overcome the risk of multiple small trials not generating the strong evidence needed to determine the relative effectiveness of potential treatments. And know that randomized clinical trials is a study in which the participants are divided by chance into separate groups that compare different treatments. But see as the news says, the interim results of Solidarity Trail is not positive. It says that all the four treatments evaluated had little or no effect on overall mortality, initiation of ventilation and duration of hospital stay in hospitalized patients. So Solidarity Trail is considering evaluating other treatments to continue the search for effective COVID-19 therapeutics. And here we must also know about the Recovery Trail and Placid Trail. See Recovery Trail is a large randomized controlled trial in United Kingdom. The trail involves assessing five candidate drugs and convalescent plasma therapy for treating COVID-19 in patients in United Kingdom hospitals. Finally know that the Placid Trail is conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research to assess the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma to limit COVID-19 associated complications. So this is all about the discussion of this news article. In this discussion, we saw about the repurposing of drugs, Solidarity Trail and what are the interim results of this trail and also about the Recovery Trail and Placid Trail. With this, we'll move on to the next news. Now we have this news article which is with reference to the Global Hunger Index. See very recently the Global Hunger Index 2020 results were published. So in this analysis, we will be seeing about the index, then who releases the index, then various parameters of the index and finally the highlights of the Global Hunger Index 2020 results. See previously in 2016 prelims, this question was asked with reference to Global Hunger Index. See at that time the International Food Policy Research Institute was part of the release and in 2018, this question was asked. See the scenario with reference to Yemen and South Sudan in the context of hunger and starvation was in use in 2017-18. And the 2017 Global Hunger Index report reiterated the statements made by the United Nations. So what we must do is, we must connect the special important and extreme highlights of such reports or news and also the statements of international agencies with man-made and regional happenings. So with this, we'll start the analysis of this news article. The syllabus relevant is highlighted here for your reference, please go through it. And remember that other than prelims, knowledge with reference to hunger is going to help you a lot in your mains preparation because it facilitates in the main syllabus under GS Paper 1 in poverty and developmental issues and in GS Paper 2 under the issues relating to poverty and hunger. So what do we mean by Global Hunger Index? See Global Hunger Index is a tool for comprehensively measuring and tracking hunger at global, regional and national levels. The Global Hunger Index scores are based on values of four component indicators. One is undernourishment, which refers to the share of population with insufficient caloric intake. Then the child wasting, which refers to share of children under age of 5 who have low weight for their height. Know that child wasting reflects acute under nutrition. The other one is child stunting, which refers to the share of children under 5 who have low height for their age and this reflects chronic under nutrition. And the fourth component indicator is child mortality. It refers to mortality rate of children under age of 5. And this indicator partly reflects the fatal mix of inadequate nutrition and unhealthy environments. So based on the values of these four indicators, the Global Hunger Index determines hunger on a 100 point scale. In this scale, 0 indicates no hunger and therefore it is the best possible score and 100 indicates the worst form of hunger. We have given the severe discount and the determination of GHI score for your reference. Please go through it. Know that since 2006, on an annual basis, the Global Hunger Index has been reporting on the state of hunger globally by region and by country. Until 2017, the index was released jointly by the International Food Policy Research Institute along with two international non-governmental humanitarian organizations called as Concern Worldwide and Weld Hunger Health. But since 2018, the IFPRI is not part of this release. So this is the basic information regarding Global Hunger Index. Now let us see the highlights of 2020 report and what it has to say about India. See, the report states that far too many individuals are suffering from hunger and under nutrition. Nearly 69 crore people are undernourished. 14.4 crore children are suffering from stunting. 4.7 crore children suffer from wasting. And in 2018, 5.3 million children died before their fifth birthday. And in many cases, mortality happened as a result of under nutrition. The next major fact is that the worldwide hunger is at a moderate level according to the 2020 Global Hunger Index. This average height major challenges in particular regions, countries and communities. You can see the region-wise trend in hunger for these four years here. The report states that Africa, South of Sahara and South Asia have the highest hunger and under nutrition levels among the world regions. And the 2020 GHI gave them the scores, 27.8 and 26 respectively. South Asia's child-wasting rate is the highest of any world region. And that South Asia has the highest number of undernourished people in the world. For this year's report, there was enough data for only around 107 countries. And for several countries like Yemen, South Sudan, Somalia, Democratic Republic of Congo, and some other countries, there is a lack of data. Within the 107 countries, the least performer was Chad. And it had a score of 44.7. And with reference to Democratic Republic of Congo, the report states that it faces a tremendously challenging situation of widespread extreme poverty, ongoing armed conflict, political instability, and multiple health emergencies. But for these countries which are given here for your reference, the report notes that it is possible that with complete data, one or more of them would fall into the extremely alarming category. However, without sufficient information to confirm that this is the case, we have conservatively categorized each of these countries as alarming. So as such, the report does not name any country in extremely alarming category, but it is us who categorized these countries as alarming. See, one important cause of concern is that the report observes that the word is not on track to achieve the second sustainable development goal, known as zero hunger by 2030. At the current pace, approximately 37 countries will fail even to reach low hunger in global hunger index severity scale, even by 2030. Even within the borders, countries show wide disparities in different indicators and along several lines such as wealth, location, ethnicity, and gender. Now let us come to India. See, this year India has scored 27.2. What we can observe from these numbers is that while India has improved significantly from 2020 scale, the progress from 2012 is marginal. With the 2020 scale, India is in the serious category in the severity scale. And for your reference, we have also given you the comparison of India's standing with our neighbors in South Asia. So some of us may say India is bound to have such a score because of the huge population. However, this perception is negated by the fact that China being the most populous country in the world is placed among the top 17 countries which were collectively ranked one to 17th ranks. And the difference in GHI score is minimal. See, China scored less than five. And note that India's performance in the last five years has improved comparing to 2010 to 2014 in all indicators except child wasting. So what are we supposed to do here? Adequate steps must be taken to make a remarkable progress in all indicators and special focus must be given to child wasting. So these are some of the information with reference to the analysis of this news article. With this, we'll move on to the next news. Now this news article is about the Fukushima nuclear plant which is located in Japan. We know that a nuclear accident occurred in Fukushima nuclear plant due to earthquake in 2011. And following the earthquake, sea water that entered into this nuclear plant due to tsunami disabled the power supply and cooling of three reactors. And the contaminated radioactive water leaked from three units. Now almost after a decade, Japan will be releasing more than 1 million tons of treated radioactive water into the sea from 2022 onwards. So in this context, let us take this opportunity to know about India's nuclear program. The syllabus relevant for this analysis is highlighted here for your reference. Please go through it. See, India has a three stage nuclear program. In 1950s, Dr. Homi Baba gave India a roadmap for the development of nuclear energy. See, India has less uranium reserves but huge thorium reserves. Almost a quarter of world's thorium reserves are found in India. So in order to utilize this thorium reserves, India came up with a three stage nuclear program. You can see in this picture. See, the first stage involves the creation of a fleet of pressurized heavy water reactors or PHWRs. See, PHWRs use domestic natural uranium which contains 0.7% fissile uranium-235 and 99.3% uranium-238 as fuel. And it uses heavy water as moderator and primary coolant. They produce electricity and here, reprocessing of the spent fuel from the pressurized heavy water reactors and the waste management are important components of the first stage. From the spent fuel, uranium and plutonium are chemically separated and recycled. And plutonium-239 which is extracted from the spent fuel serves as the fuel for the fast breeder reactors and know that fast breeder reactors constitute the second stage. And we will see about it shortly. Now coming to reactive technology. The first few nuclear plants were of boiling water reactors which are based on imported technology. Subsequent plants are indigenously built pressurized heavy water reactors type and here know that India has set up a water cooled water moderated energetic reactor or water water energetic reactor that is VVER type nuclear power plant. And it is based on Russian technology and it is located in Kudam Kolam in Tamil Nadu. The VVER reactors belong to the family of pressurized water reactors. So this VVER is a new technology used in stage one process. Now coming to the second stage, the second stage would see the setting up of several fast breeder reactors. If you see, these fast breeder reactors would use a mixture of plutonium and the reprocessed spent uranium that contains plutonium-239 from the first stage. This will produce energy that is electricity and more plutonium as the uranium will get converted into plutonium. Since more plutonium is produced it is called as breeder. Along with this these breeders would convert some of the thorium into uranium-33 which can also be used to produce energy or electricity. So this uranium-233 is the input for stage three. Here we should know that after three or four decades of operation the fast breeder reactors would have produced enough plutonium for use in the third stage. In the third stage the uranium-233 would be used in specially designed reactors to produce energy and convert more thorium into uranium-233. And you can keep adding thorium endlessly. So our ultimate aim is to use the thorium resource to produce uranium-233 for more energy generation that is electricity. Now previously we saw that this three stage nuclear program was conceived in 1950s. But now it is almost 70 years and India is still stuck in the first stage. For the second stage we need the fast breeder reactors. The construction of a prototype fast breeder reactor by Bhavini began in 2004 but it is yet to be launched. So we can say that we are yet to begin the second stage. In India the nuclear power cooperation of India Limited is responsible for design, construction, commissioning and operation of nuclear power reactors that is stage one. It is a central public sector undertaking under the administrative control of the Department of Atomic Energy Government of India. NPCIL is presently operating 22 commercial nuclear power reactors with an installed capacity of 6,780 megawatts. The reactor fleet comprises of two boiling water reactors located at Tarapur Maharashtra. And 18 pressurized heavy water reactors located at Tarapur Maharashtra, Ravad Bhattain Rajasthan, Kalpakam in Tamil Nadu, Kaiga in Karnataka, Narorain Uttar Pradesh and Kakarapar in Gujarat. And it also comprises of two water water energetic reactors located at Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu. Currently the nuclear power cooperation of India Limited has eight reactors of 6,200 megawatts total capacity under construction. And in case of construction of fast breeder reactors that is stage two in India, the Bharatiya Nabhikeya Vidyudnigam Limited that is Bhavini, which is a government company under the administrative control of Department of Atomic Energy is the responsible authority. Bhavini is in the process of constructing and commissioning the prototype fast breeder reactor at Kalpakam, Tamil Nadu. And it will be also responsible for construction, commissioning, operation and maintenance of subsequent fast breeder reactors in India. So this is in brief about India's nuclear program. With this we'll move on to the next news. Now have a look at this question. It is based on this news article which talks about a report released by the credit rating agency ICRA. The report says that even during COVID-19 pandemic, farm sentiments remained positive due to a healthy monsoon and due to further optimism of a good caref crop. It also said that the rural household income was resilient. The reasons were healthy farm cash flows and a bumper ruby harvest followed by high levels of ruby procurements under various government schemes. Here financial resilience indicates the ability to withstand life events that impact one's income or assets. ICRA also said that the increased government support through MGNREGA and PM Kisan also helped create employment and easing liquidity pressure on rural incomes. So in this context, let us discuss in brief about credit rating and then about ICRA. Know that credit rating is an analysis of possible credit risks associated with granting a financial instrument to an individual or a company. The rating is provided based on the credit worthiness and the credentials of an individual or a company. The credit worthiness of an individual or a company is decided based on the lending and borrowing transactions done in the past. The credit rating is determined after weighing the statements of reliability and assets and their ability to meet the debt obligations. See, credit rating agency is a commercial concern engaged in the business of credit rating of any debt obligations or of any project or program requiring finance in the form of debt or otherwise. The most significant aspect of credit rating is that it is an opinion made available for the public influencing the decisions of the participants in financial market. Know that the credit rating agencies are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India through SEBI credit rating agencies regulations 1999. And this was amended in 2003 and followed up with a court of conduct in 2003. At present, there are several credit rating agencies registered under SEBI. Of this, Crissel has been the oldest having been in operation since 1988. And know that ICRA started its operations in 1991 and other credit rating agencies in India are CARE, BRICKWORKS, etc. Now let us discuss about ICRA. See, ICRA Limited was formerly Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency of India Limited. It was set up in 1991 by leading financial or investment institutions, commercial banks and financial service companies as an independent and professional investment information and credit rating agency. Know that the International Credit Rating Agency Moody's Investment Services is the indirect largest shareholder of ICRA. Now see this question. Crissel ICRA CARE often seen in news refers to see the correct answer is option A credit rating agencies in India. With this, we'll move on to the next news. Now have a look at this question. It is based on this news article which is with reference to the Institute of Eminence Status. The Tamil Nadu Minister of Higher Education has said that the Institute of Eminence Status to one of the universities in the state would mean the loss of 69% reservation. There could also be a hike in fees, then declaration of entrance exams and disproportionate admission of students from other states. And according to him, this might have a huge impact in accessibility and affordability of higher education for students from socially, educationally and economically weaker sections in the state. So in this context, let us have a brief discussion on the status of Institute of Eminence. See the Institutions of Eminence Scheme was launched to empower the higher educational institutions and also to help them to become world-class teaching and research institutions. The objective is to enable them to achieve rankings within top 500 in any of the world-renowned ranking frameworks. 10 public and 10 private institutions will be identified to emerge as world-class teaching and research institutions. And this will enhance affordable access to high quality education for ordinary Indians. Having said that, the freedom is given to these institutes to fix and charge fees from foreign students without restrictions. Also freedom is given to determine the domestic student fees, but this is subject to the condition that no student who gets selected for admission is turned away for lack of finance. To assist such students, the institutes are asked to encourage scholarships and extension of launch facilities. And in relation to this institution of Eminence Scheme, the University Grants Commission has notified regulations for private institutions and guidelines for public institutions in 2017. And it is in order to provide regulatory structure for enabling these institutions to become world-class teaching and research institutions. And because of this status, the selected government institutions will get financial assistance of Rs. 1000 crores over a period of 5 years in addition to the grants already being provided. The institutions selected from the private sector will have autonomy to promote innovation and creativity. The various benefits for these selected institutions under the scheme are given here for your reference. So these are some of the information about the Institution of Eminence Scheme. Now see this question with reference to the University Grants Commission's declaration of Government Educational Institution of Eminence Guidelines 2017. Which of the following is or are the expectations from a government institution of Eminence? It is a two statement based question. The first statement reads there should be a reasonably good mix of domestic and foreign students. Yes, this statement is correct. The second statement reads it should come in top 500 of any of the world renowned ranking frameworks in the first 10 years of setting up on being declared as an institution of Eminence. Yes, this statement is also correct. With this we are covered all the news articles taken up for today's discussion. Now we will move on to the practice questions discussion based on today's news analysis. Now see this first question. The term Solidarity Trail often seen in news refers to. See the correct answer is Option B, an international clinical trial led by WHO to help find an effective treatment for COVID-19. Now here Option A that is India's humanitarian assistance operation in Sulawesi province of Indonesia. It refers to Operation Samudra Maitri and Option D that is a joint exercise on urban earthquake search and rescue by the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is nothing but SEO JTEX. So here the correct answer is Option B. Now see this second question. With reference to concepts related to malnutrition which of the following statements are correct. It is a four statements based question. Statement one reads under nutrition makes children more vulnerable to disease and death. Yes, this statement is correct. Statement two reads a young child who is moderately or severely wasted has an increased risk of death. Yes, this statement is also correct. Now you can easily arrive at the correct answer because statement one and statement two are correct. So it is included in Option D and here statement three reads stunting holds children back from reaching the physical and cognitive potential. Yes, this statement is also correct. And fourth statement a child who is underweight may be stunted wasted or both. Yes, this is also correct. So here the correct answer is Option D, one, two, three and four. See here you might have anticipated questions on indices but many a times the UPSC may surprise you by giving such basic concept based questions. Now see this question which of the following reactors are used in the first stage of India's three stage nuclear program. We have four types of reactors given here. Pressurized heavy water reactor fast builder reactor boiling water reactor super critical water reactor. See the first stage reactor technologies include boiling water reactor pressurized heavy water reactor then water cooled water moderated energetic reactor or water water energetic reactor. And the second stage includes setting up of several fast breeder reactors. So here the correct answer is Option A, pressurized heavy water reactor and boiling water reactor. And see super critical water reactor is a concept fourth generation reactor mostly designed as a light water reactor. And it operates at super critical pressure and know that generation four reactors are a set of nuclear reactor designs currently being researched for commercial applications. And it is being researched by Generation 4 International Forum. We'll see about this technology on some other day. And with this we'll come to the end of analysis of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion and also the practice questions discussion. If you like this video press the like button comment and share and do subscribe to Shankar IIS Academy YouTube channel for latest videos and updates relating to civil service preparation. Thank you.


This is the board we've been working with for the record playback controller and you can see that I brought the controls out onto a piece of plexiglass and here's another implementation of that where the plexiglass has been mounted on top of the project box and the board has been mounted inside. I brought the heat sink out through the back. Power comes in here. There's an on-off switch and this is the potentiometer that controls the speed of the trolley. If you turn it clockwise or to the right it goes fast, faster and faster forward. If you turn it to the left or counterclockwise it goes faster and faster backwards. The record playback switch determines whether you're going to record a session or playback. The stop-lock button activates the relay which kills power to a section of track that's between these two screws on the platform so that you can resynchronize the position of the trolley each time you run it. Okay let's give it a try.  We're on record. We're going to turn the pot a little bit to the right, get the trolley started and while it's starting up I'll zoom out so you can see a little better and as it approaches the top of the hill I'll slow it down and stop it. Now notice it's right in the middle of the top of the hill. I'll bring it to the bottom of the hill. I'm going to stop it right about there. Let's back it up once, bring it the trolley around. Pretend we forgot a passenger way back here. Okay and then back up again. I'm going to hit the stop-lock button because we're only going to run it around once this time. You could run it around 10 or 15 times. That's no problem and as we approach that stop-lock I'm going to slow down and when it hit that last section of cut track it stopped. I like to let it run forward just for two or three or four seconds before I shut it down and flip it over to play. That allows the trolley to get into the stop-lock even if it gets a little bit out of sequence. Okay let's see how this repeated run goes. You may recall our first stop was pretty much in the center of the top and that's pretty close. It's a little bit beyond. The next one was down at the bottom and then we backed up so it's fairly repeatable. What you're going to find is that if the trolley is at roughly the same temperature, in other words has been run about the same amount when you play it back as it was when you recorded, it'll be fairly repeatable. By the way it's going to stop when it comes into that stop-lock. The relay just clicked. There it's going to stop and it's going to pause for a couple of seconds and it'll start that sequence over again. The things that make it not as repeatable as you would like is that all of the recording is based on time. It's taking 50 readings per second and it's playing back that exact same speed on the playback. But as I mentioned, as the trolley heats up or cools down, its speed based on a particular voltage will change. The power supply can heat up and change its voltage as time goes by. The track can become cleaner or less clean over time. But it is fairly repeatable, particularly with that stop-lock. You see it's off a couple of inches on stopping at the bottom there and it's going to come around one more time and of course this would go on forever and ever and as long as you leave power it'll continue to repeat that sequence. As it approaches the stop-lock, it's going to stop for this second time and so are we.