In this session we are going to look at very important aspect of change that is change in organization culture. In this session we are going to first recognize the importance of the culture in organization development and change. Then we will interpret the clues about organizational culture that means we will look at what are the constituents of the organization culture and how the organization culture is built through those constituents. And then we will discuss the ways and means of changing organization culture. The first point is what is organizational culture? So, organization culture is the set of shared values and norms that controls organizational members interactions with each other and with people outside the organization. Famous scholar in the organization culture which Sathe says that culture to the employees, organization culture to the employees is similar to water for a fish. We fish probably does not know that it is in the water because that is the intimate reality for its existence. Culture is also so intimate to the employees of the or to the members of organization. But unlike fish human beings can interpret organization culture. How to decipher organization culture? There can be certain quick clues on which we can decipher and identify the nature of organization culture. We will discuss about these factors in greater detail later. If I have to suggest a very quick way of getting some idea about the organization culture, we can suggest these 4 points, these 4 or 5 points which can give us a quick idea about the nature of organization culture. What are those? These are organizational mission, vision and goals. They are the great messenger of organization culture. Organization leaders and heroes are probably the most important drivers of organization culture. Organization leaders may mean the founders of the organization and the top management team of the organization. And heroes not only means people who are at the top level of the management in the organization, but heroes are the people across the organization. The people who are considered to be heroes, the people who are considered to be the role models, people whose example is given across the organization. If you want to quickly understand what is the nature of organization, you can ask and you can get, you can gauge what who are considered to be heroes in the organization and that will tell the nature of the organization culture. Hero in one organization may not be the hero in another organization. So by looking at the heroes, we can distinguish the organization culture. Another very clear manifested form of organization culture are rituals and celebrations, how people greet each other, how people interact with each other, how people involved in each other's work and personal life and how the celebrations take place within the organization or outside work. What are the things which are celebrated about? What are the things being celebrated in the organization, whether business success is celebrated or birthdays are also celebrated, whether celebrations are around some religious or cultural themes or they are only up on the occasions which are strictly related to business, all these are the great indicators to understand the organization culture. Then comes the most well manifested things like sitting arrangement, physical infrastructure, these are the things give clues about organization culture. So we can quickly decipher the organization culture looking at these factors. The core of organization culture are values. What are values? Values as name suggests is what is being valued means what is being preferred. So it is preferred state or preferred means to achieve that state. May I repeat values are the preferred state or means to achieve that. Values are basically general criteria, they are standards or they act as guiding principles that people use to determine which type of behaviors, events, situations and outcomes are desirable or undesirable. Values can be of two types, terminal values and instrumental values. This classification was given given by Rukic in early 70s and it is still valid. What it says that there can be two types of values. Terminal values means that desired and state or the outcome that people seek to achieve. What people pursue, what is being considered as something to be achieved or acquired like excellence, morality, profit orientation, all these are the examples of terminal values. Then comes instrumental values. Instrumental values are the desired mode of behavior. In other terms, instrumental values are the values or preferred ways of achieving the terminal values. So preferred ways of achieving terminal values are considered instrumental values like frugality, creativity, fun, etc. So these two types of values whether they are stated or not stated are prevalent in the organization. We can distinguish the organizations according to their values as well. You after this session may like to look at the website of at least these three Indian organizations TataSense, Infosys and HDFC Bank. In most of the organizations, they identify what are the values they stand for. I have picked up these three organizations because these organizations have a reputation of following certain values. What is the meaning of reputation? Meaning of reputation means the espoused values is stated by these organizations are something which they are serious about. So that simply means the espoused value means what are their, what are the ideal values for them and the values as being reflected in their organizational practices and processes. The difference in these two are very, very bleak and very small or probably there is not much difference in their espoused values and the values as being practiced. That is why these three organizations are taken as an example. In India, there can be so many organizations and so many business groups which can be considered which are known as value driven. But we have for the sake of explanation, we are taking only these three examples. First example is of TataSense. TataSense is a holding company of all the Tata companies or most of the Tata companies. So TataSense has the values of integrity, responsibility, excellence, pioneering and unity. These values are common across the Tata group. The huge conglomerate which has more than 110 companies, they all have these five as a guiding values. Integrity means they want to enact in a way where all of their action are open for the public scrutiny. They want to operate as an organization which is responsible for social environment as well as the natural environment. These are the organization which pursue excellence in whatever they pursue. TataSense also has value of pioneering. That means they want to be known as innovative organization which can take bold decisions, which can invest in innovation, venture into new businesses and start new industry. Unity in the TataSense means this organization has respect for their different levels of employees and they respect the dignity, they consider the dignity of employees as a paramount thing. Now, looking at the record of the TataSense of last more than 100 years, we can see that this organization and this group has to great extent followed these values. They are known to be one of the most transparent and corruption free organization in India. So integrity values is being there, they are following that. There are so many case studies about TataSense and Tata companies being responsible towards social and natural environment. They have been pioneering as well. That means they are the group which has started so many new businesses in India. Whether we can take example of TCS or more than 100 years ago, the example of establishing steel foundry all these and there are so many other examples which says the TataSense has been acting as a pioneering business house and business group in India. Second example is of Infosys. Infosys has certain core values like client value, leadership by example, integrity and transparency, fairness and excellence. You can see that excellence and integrity are the common values in the TataSense as well as Infosys. But you may also notice that when TataSense is a conglomerate, Infosys is focused on IT, ITES company. Infosys business is built on business process outsourcing, knowledge process outsourcing for their clients mostly. So, for them client value is paramount.  That is why you can see the client value is considered to be the first and foremost important value in Infosys list of espoused values or organizational values. Third example is of HDFC Bank. HDFC Bank has values like operational excellence, people means concern for people, customer focus, product leadership and sustainability. If you look at the HDFC values model on their website, you will see that they are reflected at the different facets of a quadrangle. That means there is no specific sequence in these values. Means all these values are important for HDFC Bank. HDFC Bank is the one which has achieved very high level of operational excellence. The maturity of their processes and system is something which has become a benchmark for the banking industry. They have come up with large number of innovative products and they are committed for the sustainability. So, looking at these values, you can see that these values have been driving the organizational culture. These value became the core for the culture of these organization. Values of the organization result in and reflected into certain norms. What is the meaning of norms? Norms is are the notions agreed upon about our behavior in certain situation. Values also direct and influence the decision making. In the field of business, many time we face certain dilemma. We are not able to figure out what is the right course of action. In the moments of dilemma, values become the guidepost for making difficult decisions. Values drive the rituals. As I explained to you before that as the values are so the rituals are developed in the organization. Rituals can be very simple like calling people by then by the first name or addressing them as sir or madam. Rituals can be about nature of the conversation takes place during the performance appraisal system. Ritual can be about whether people follow the punctuality when the team meeting is called or not. All these are the rituals. They may not be the documented things but they reflect the ways of doing things and that is why culture is also identified as the things being done in the organization. Celebrations, the kind of celebration, occasions of celebration are determined by the organizational values and the interaction. What is the nature of interaction? Is the interaction more of the cooperative nature? Whether the interaction is of more collaborative or competitive nature, all these things are being determined by the values of the organization. If we have to distinguish the organization based on values, there is a very interesting framework given by Quinn and this framework is called competing values framework. Competing value framework says that the values can be positioned at the two continuum. One continuum Quinn says is the flexibility versus focus. Flexibility means more decentralization and differentiation and focus means it more centralization and integration. So, flexibility versus focus is one continuum and another continuum is internal orientation versus external orientation. Internal orientation means orientation towards maintenance and cohesion and external orientation means growth orientedness and adaptability. So, at the cross sections of these continuum, we emerge four distinct type of organization culture and that is the very important contribution of the competing values framework. Organization which show values more towards flexibility and internal orientation are called clan culture. What is the nature of clan? Clan is the one where people are the behavior of the people is governed by their relationship for them the interaction and the quality of interaction in their relationship are very important and they are more inward looking groups of the human being. That is why this type of value of the organization which is more towards flexibility and internal focus is called clan culture. If organization is introvert or internal focus, but it is also towards integration and centralization where internal authority is more important rather than being flexible, but following the norms is more important we call these organizations have a hierarchical culture. They have internal orientation and focused towards internal norms, rules, regulations. At the cross section of the flexibility and external orientation meaning an organization which is centralized when there is a more scope for mutual adjustment and differentiation when there is a more decentralization and organization is external focus means they are more focused towards market means they are willing and they are more keen to satisfy the the demands emerging from the external market. In these organization we see a type of culture which Quinn calls adhocracy. The signature element of adhocracy is more innovation, adaptability and quick response to the market. An organization which has good external focus means they are in touch and they are responsive to the market demands but at the same time they have a strong centralized processes and systems and people follow those systems those type of organizations are supposed to have market culture means they are responsive to the customers but their internal processes are strong. We need to understand that generally organizations start with clan culture. A small organization generally people come together with their passion to satisfy some societal need and they develop a good personal equation to build that organization to establish their business in the market place. So, generally organizations start with the clan culture. When organizations grow they need to have processes and systems rules and regulation and that is where element of hierarchical culture starts coming in. Now, you see most of the organization want to be market focused organization that means all the organizations at least aspire to be the kind of organization which satisfy the customer demand which are very responsive to the market needs but at the same time their internal systems and processes are also strong. So, most of the organizations want to have the market oriented culture. However, we must recognize that at least in India and it is reflected in the research being conducted by Richa Avasthi and Rajan Gupta of MDI Gurgaon in last few years it is found that clan culture or hierarchical culture cannot straight away convert it into market culture. Generally, an organization which has clan culture or hierarchical culture need to develop adhocacy. They need to go through this stage this kind of cultural transition in and then they can move to the market focused culture. So, this is a quick way of understanding the organization culture based on the competing values framework. So, basically the culture is the basis of group identity it's shared thoughts it is shared beliefs and you notice that shared word are highlighted something which is not shared is not culture and the result of common learning experience. Culture evolves in the organization the impact of the founder is very strong but culture gradually evolves with the interaction of the internal processes and external dynamic situation in the market. Based on the prevalence of the values across the organization cultures can be divided into three types strong culture, weak culture and fragmented culture. Strong culture means the espoused value or the recognized values are widely shared across the breadth and the depth of the organization. Weak culture is where though values might have been identified at the top management level that might be appearing on the website but they are not widely shared and reflected in the people's choices and behavior then it is called weak culture. In between the strong culture and weak culture comes fragmented culture. Fragmented culture means in an organization there can be multiple departments, multiple teams and multiple functions. When in organization in different teams different departments and different functions there are different types of culture and when that difference is very significant we call that kind of organization to have a fragmented culture. In order to change organization culture we must understand whether culture is strong weak or fragmented in any organization. If we introduce a OD intervention without understanding whether culture is strong weak or fragmented our intervention may not give the desired result we may not be able to choose the most appropriate intervention. Why culture is important and when it becomes even more important to understand that and that is the reason why it is so important component in the study of organization development and change. So, we must understand that culture and understanding in knowing about the culture is extremely important at the time of joining. I must know what is the kind of culture I am going to have when I am going to join this organization. Amazing a different type of culture very performance oriented where number of hours you put in is less important according to certain media reports and your customer delight is much more important. There are some other organizations where you have lot of flexibility and you have opportunity to put in your effort to build a new and innovative processing systems and products like Google. So, there can be multiple types of organization culture I am not saying one culture is better than other culture, but whichever organization we are going to join we must know whether it it is according to my temperament of working. Secondly, culture is very important when one company acquires or get acquired by another organization. We are going to study the acquisition mergers in the future session, but I must share at this moment that more than 60 percent of the mergers and acquisition are not truly or fully successful. What does that mean? It means they are not able to produce the results which were expected at the time of merger and acquisition was decided. Why it is so? According to the studies it is found that most of the merger and acquisition are not able to give the desired and expected result not because of the financial reasons. May not be because of the strategic region, strategic logic of the MNA might be correct before and after the MNA, but it is cultural reason because of which mergers and acquisition fail mostly.  At the time of coordinating with different functional groups, I mentioned to you different functional groups may have within the same organization may have very different culture in a fragmented organization culture system and it can, but still even in the strong culture system there would be some difference in the different functional groups that must be recognized for the different functional groups to cooperate and to work towards the to one single organizational objective. Last but not the least to bring fundamental change in the strategic direction of the organization knowing culture is extremely important. When there is a fight, when there is a clash between strategy and culture, it is a common wisdom that culture wins. So, you can have a very fantastic, very state of art, very sophisticated strategy, but if your culture is not supporting that strategy, strategy is not going to work. We looked at strategic strategy focused intervention in the previous session. There we talked about ways of forming new strategy and engaging people to identify the new strategy through the confrontation meeting, through the open space inquiry or sometimes even through the appreciative inquiry people organizations can identify the different strategic direction. For a strategic direction to work upon, for the strategy to work, for to implement the strategy, a right culture is important. When culture is not supporting the strategy, even if strategy is very sophisticated, we cannot hope that organization will be able to realize that strategy in the marketplace.  If we look at these things, we can understand the organization culture in an in-depth way. How an organization culture is transmitted to its member? There can be different strategy. By knowing this strategy of transmitting organization culture to its member, we can also bring desired changes in the organization culture. So, first strategy is collective versus individual. That means providing newcomers with the common learning experience designed to produce a standardized response to a situation. That is the collectivist tactic of transmitting the organization culture. Individual tactic means each newcomer learning experiences are unique, they join the organization, they have to figure out their way, they have to find out the best way of dealing with things and newcomer learn the new and appropriate response as and when they face the situation. That is individual tactic. If I at the organizational level wish a particular type of culture and particular type of values to be transmitted to its member, certainly we need to adapt the collective tactics of transmitting culture and transmitting cultural values to its members. Then comes the formal and informal ways of transmitting the cultural values to its members. Formal way means segregate the newcomers from existing organizational members during the learning process and giving them a clear message individually. Generally, top management in itself interact with the newcomers and before they start interacting with the existing member. That is a formal tactic and informal tactic is when newcomer learn on the job as member of the team. They join a team, they start operating as with the other other organizational members and gradually they figure out what are the organizational values. There is a another way of transmitting value. There is another choice about the transmitting organizational value that is serial versus disjunctive. What does that mean? It means employed existing organizational members act as the role models and the mentors for newcomers. That is the serial tactic. And the disjunctive process is that requires newcomer to figure out and develop their own way of behaving. If we want to continue certain type of culture and if we want some people to be the role models, we need to adopt the serial tactics where the existing organizational member act as the role model, coach or mentors for the newcomers and that is how the specific organizational values can be transmitted. So, we need to know about these strategies and we need to adapt the right strategy to bring about any change in the organizational culture or to develop a certain type of organizational culture. There is another way of transmitting culture is divestiture and the investiture. Divestiture means newcomers receive the negative social support and existing organizational members withhold support until newcomer learn the ropes and conform to established norms. You have joined an organization and you realize that you are not very welcome here and you have to figure out your way. That is extreme situation but it is not impossible. In some organization newcomers are not welcome by the old employees. When that is the situation, employees have to figure out and a newcomer has to learn the ropes and conform to establish the norms. Investiture means newcomer immediately receive a positive social support from the other organizational members and naturally their experience about the organization and the organizational culture can be very different in this situation. So, we need to know these ways of transmitting the organizational culture to understand what kind of culture we are building and to appropriate ways of developing a certain type of organization culture. Organization culture comes from personal and professional characteristics of people within the organization. It comes from the organizational ethics, financial and non-financial reward and compensation given to the managers and the employees and the structure of the organization. These are the sources of organization culture. If I have to bring about any change in the organization culture, we need to make changes in these sources of the organization culture. Characteristic of people within the organization means it is through this process of hiring people that match existing culture and education. People become more and more similar over time. So, if we want to develop a certain kind of culture, we need to make this our hiring strategy and hiring process which facilitate the process of welcoming and having people who hold those particular type of values. Then comes organizational ethics. People keep making sense of what the organization stands for. Even the simple clues about how the decisions are made, about how the processes are being followed or not followed, about how the reporting is done or not done. These things keep giving the ethical clues to the organization. They tell the moral stances about the organization. So, organizational ethics is nothing but the moral values, beliefs, rules that establish the appropriate way for organizational stakeholders to deal with one another and with the environment. It is derived from the personality and beliefs of the founder and top management. Organizational ethics is a very important clue of the source of organization culture. Another very important source of organization culture is financial and non-financial rewards and compensation. What is being rewarded in the organization is naturally promoted. The one function of compensation is to promote a certain type of behavior. So, these are the very important clues. Reward and compensation to the managers like salary, stock option, golden parachute, control and access to the other sources. They are also certain clues through which we can understand strength and nature of organization culture. If we look at for the employees reward, compensation and dues to the employees like scale of salary, stock option, whether they are given the pension benefits, are there any loyalty benefits, ways of handling downsizing, these are also the source of organization culture. Another source of organization culture is organization structure. Mechanistic or organic structure determines a certain different type of organization culture. So, mechanistic structure where things are much more predetermined which are formal, which are more structured, predictability and stability is considered to be very important are the most important goals. Whereas, if we want to promote innovation, we need to have little more organic culture or we can see that if the organization structure is organic, then we can have more innovation and flexibility in the organization culture. If organization structure is very mechanistic, then the predictability, stability, following the norms, regulations will be more important and predominant elements in the organization culture. Similarly, centralization and decentralization is another very important component of organization structure. If centralization is there, it will reinforce the obedience and accountability. People will consider that following the instructions of the leaders and managers are more important than applying their own creativity and applying their own mind to the situation. But when there is a decentralization in the organization structure that encourages the reward, that encourages the creativity and innovation in the organization. So, you can see that organization structure communicates certain type of organization culture.


Your Coca-Cola bottler presents Claudia Claudia based on the original stories by Rose Franken brought to you transcribe Monday through Friday by your friendly neighbor who bottles Coca-Cola Relax and while you're listening refresh yourself Have a Coke and now Claudia Hey darling, where are you going? Not finishing breakfast. I just want to get my pocketbook. Look we're eating at home There'll be no check to pay Bodkins Bodkins never heard of him. Who is he and if I know just an expression of amazement that you put something where you could find it What are you peering into that mirror for? There's one side of my face look bigger to you than the other swollen No, it doesn't look swollen. Why got a sort of adult toothache in the rear upper corner of my jaw Since when since I woke up. I must have slept on my face. I guess. What do you usually sleep on a pillow, of course Oh, of course. Does it hurt much darling? No, not much. I don't think it's anything Maybe I bit too hard on something at dinner last night Well, if it doesn't go away or if it gets worse you ought to go see your dentist You ought to see him anyway. I think you sound like an advertisement this little better already hot coffee helps Then put that little mirror away in your bag and have another cup I'll pour But darling call him and say David Did you put a dollar in my pocketbook last night? No, that's clear because there's a dollar in it now Small fortune put it in the savings account. I mean it's a dollar. I shouldn't have no reason why you shouldn't have one providing You don't spend it all at once. How's that for a generous husband?  I don't feel so generous anymore. How much money did you spend all but a dollar all of it including this one? That's the strange part David look darling. I I know I'm not very bright so early in the morning, but I Don't think I've lost my mind completely now start all over again and tell me quietly Exactly what happened? Remember I'm your husband not a mind reader. Well yesterday afternoon You went back to the office after the auction sale and I went shopping buying and selling a $2,500 sofa at the auction sale wasn't enough was too much. I wanted to get the sofa out of my system So I went shopping at the five and ten cents story get some little things around the house What we needed some big things around the house like chairs and tables well as I was saying I went into the five and ten Set store to get some little things You know my up and a pale and stuff and I opened my pocketbook. And what do you think out jump the frog? Frogs are in throats not pocketbooks Well, what did you find five dollars? No, yes So there I was with five dollars in the entire five and ten cents store at my disposal what a wild mad passion must have seized You have no idea how easy this to spend five dollars in a ten cents store practically everything costs a dollar inflation That's what it is worth a dollar. It's what do you want to hear what I'm saying or don't you? Well go on well and be quiet, please anyway I bought a pale for a dollar and a mop and a ringer for a dollar and See six disc claws for a dollar and an iron stand for a dollar and and uh, oh Yes, and every day fountain pen. What's that add up to? Exactly five dollars. That's what I figured so I should have come home without a cent stony broke And now I find I have a dollar right here in my change purse Where do you suppose I got it? I don't know but the sort of thing has possibilities I'll give you a hundred dollars. See what you can do with that. They did not be serious. I'm serious I think that dollar isn't yours not mine. And who's the five and ten cents stores the stores They're not selling dollars there exactly You mean maybe I didn't pay for one of the things I bought. Is that it? No, so at last you admit it admit what? Walking out with an unpaid for purchase. I don't see how it Let me see. I remember paying for the pale and the mop And they put the disc flowers in a bag with the iron stand and and what about the fountain pen fountain pen Oh, David. I must have put it right in my pocket. Nobody saw you I guess nobody did because nobody asked me to pay for it You filched that fountain pen, but I didn't mean to the fact remains you filched it a fine thing I married two months suddenly without any warning one fine day. I wake up to learn that my wife is a kleptomaniac That's not the other thing is it it's a nice upper-class word for shoplifting It's not when you don't do it on purpose besides it. It's the first time tell it to the judge Think how to go back there today and return the dollar. That's an admission of guilt Monace is admitting something makes it all right. All right with your conscience, maybe but not with the 10 cent store There'll be mighty suspicious that you don't owe them a little more. Oh, you make it so complicated The simple thing for you to do is never cross that dime store's doors again.  Absolutely You want me to be don't you never go in there again in such a wonderful store? They have all sorts of things for a dollar. I love that 10 cent store. I know what I'll do I'll send them back their dollar and post these stamps. How about that? They wouldn't appreciate it. It would mess up their bookkeeping system. I feel awful about keeping it. You should Centers should suffer for their sin, but I'll have to keep it. There's nothing else I can do And I've suffered enough. I'm gonna put it out of my mind. Put it out of your mind this minute Oh such a fuss about a dollar Well, I think you must have a latent leaning towards petty crime or this would prey on your conscience I've decided not to let it I am profoundly shocked can't help it the 10 cent store can get along without my dollar Oh What's the matter the words sticking your throat? No, it's my cheek and now I mean my tooth a tooth for a tooth I have a pain right through the side of my face. I can hardly talk David, you don't think it's a twinge of conscience. Do you the way you look? I'm pretty sure it's a twinge of tooth Where does it hurt? Here show me. What about my finger? I mean, how can I see you?  In the right hand corner Hmm You haven't got a tooth in the upper right hand corner. I must have it hurts Could it be god paying me back because of the dollar god's too busy. He's got too many other things to worry about Does it hurt much darling? Not much. I just can't eat or talk Come on. We'll go see the dentist. I should say not Maybe it'll go away just the way it came. I'm not taking any chances We're going to see that dentist right away. David you're always rushing into things I am taking you to that dentist personally before I go to the office You have a way of putting things off that you don't like to do It came over suddenly at breakfast doctor one minute. She was talking and the next her mouth was just open. I see Well, it doesn't sound very serious. I don't think it is but I thought she'd better come over right away That's some very wise Besides I welcome this opportunity of meeting claudia's husband What have you been telling dr. Martin? Nothing dear just telling him how you got your toothache this morning. I don't know how I got it. That's the point Now getting to the chair claudia. Let's have a look. I'll uh go into the waiting room dr. David don't go Oh, it's perfectly all right for you to stay in here mr. Noten.  I could go right to sleep go right ahead darling dr. Martin will appreciate it Tell me where it hurts in the upper right hand corner Up where my tongue is Uh-huh See anything now open wide You follow our eyes dr. Martin open wide Uh-huh. I see the trouble. You mean I really have something rock david. You see it wasn't a twinge of conscience I never said it was your conscience did young leading you're cutting a wisdom tooth David you're here with dr. Martin said I could already believe it.  I'd like to I'll come back some other day You stay here and you do what dr. Martin says uh doctor Uh, could I call my office, please? Yes, go right ahead the phones in the other room. Thank you. Thank you very much. You won't have to pull it will you? I'm just getting it. Well, we'll see Open wide Have you had any other trouble with your teeth? Oh Not at all since I'm married seems to agree with me. I'd say it does You're looking very well I'd say you've even gained a little weight. Have I? Yes You look very pleased about it all Are you going to have a baby claudia? Of course, we're going to have a baby. What's a marriage without a baby? Well, I'm glad to hear it Congratulations, my dear put four is only natural and normal congratulations nevertheless You know too many young people wait too long for their first baby. We're very lucky Our new apartment has an extra room. So we don't have to wait Besides, I think I'd like to manage it. So I'll be a grandmother while I'm still young You're very ambitious. Anyway, it'll be more fun that way By the time I'm 60, I expect I can first things first young woman And I want you to be coming in here to see me regularly You know having a baby is a lot of wear and tear on your teeth. That's the last place you'd expect I'll give you a prescription of calcium Calcium what for for the baby's teeth? I see Oh, hello, david the office. All right. Oh, yes. Yes. Yes, fine And what's your diet? After all, you don't want to put on too much weight. Oh, of course not. No, claudia claudia put on weight Well, it's unavoidable mr. Norton But if she's careful the mother's weight goes back to normal once the baby is born baby It's fascinating. Isn't it david? I'll get the x-ray plates prepared and we'll get some pictures of this so-called wisdom Not not not not not not darling darling Quickly quickly explain everything to me explain you what david what's the matter? You're shaking all over did I understand? Dr. Martin to say that we're going to have a Baby, of course, we're gonna you know, we're going to have a baby. I told him we were going to use anything wrong here Not not look darling There is one thing only one thing I I want to know. All right. I'd be glad to tell you. What is it david? Why? Why on earth didn't I know before why did you know what before about the baby you pluck david? I don't know what all this fuss is about. You know, we're gonna have one but when After all claudia. I mean, I think you should have come to me about this after all those the one thing I I am the father. How should I know when I'm not a fortune teller darling? Oh Look claudia Sit down there. Take it easy. What is the matter with you david? I'm gonna see you in such a state Do you have the slightest idea what you've done? For the moment, we'll forget what you've just put me through. I'll live I think But you you've misled dr. Martin into believing you were in the process of having a baby I did no such thing. He brought up the subject of babies himself. I didn't say one thing He just jumped to conclusions and so did you This broadcast of claudia was supervised and directed by william brown meloni Many is the housewife who eats sketchy leftovers for lunch because it's too much trouble to prepare anything just for herself If you fall into that habit, here's a tip that'll make the tidbit taste better When you take leftovers from the refrigerator reach for a nice cold coke at the same time For coca-cola makes even a skimpy lunch a refreshing repast Every day monday through friday claudia comes to you transcribed with the best wishes of your friendly neighbor who bottles coca-cola So listen again tomorrow at the same time And now this is joe king saying olivar and remember Whoever you are whatever you do wherever you may be When you think of refreshment think of coca-cola For ice cold coca-cola makes any pause The pause that refreshes


The Jack Benny program With Murray Livingston Rochester dinner stay Bob Crosby and yours for a late-on Ladies and gentlemen right now Jack Benny is in San Francisco, California Where he's making a personal appearance at the Kern Theater So let's go backstage where we find Rochester in Jack's dressing room There's no business like show business. There's no business. I know Every time they sell another ticket, Mr. Benny's blue I start to glow But when he looks and sees a seat that's empty the little tear drops they start to glow There's no business like show Uh-oh look what time it is. Mr. Benny will be off stage in a minute. I'll put everything he needs on his dressing table Yeah, that'll do it.  Oh, yes, his glasses. He always puts them on when he comes back to the dressing room I wish he'd forget his pride and wear them on the stage Yesterday he did two shows with his back to the audience I wasn't so bad, but when he took his bow, what a target I Even the magic ran up and kicked him. I haven't seen that many people on stage that's cool about it Oh, well, I guess I better lay out a clean shirt for him. This white one will be all right I know mr. Benny isn't a spin trip, but I do wish he'd buy real cuff links Imagine putting a toothpick through the cuff and stinging an olive on each end This even amazed me and I've been waiting for 15 years Hello, Rochester. Oh, hello boss. How'd the show go? Oh, fine fine. That's good I'm glad they weren't any empty seats. How did you know your mascara isn't running? I Rochester, I don't cry when there's an empty seat after all I didn't take this personal appearance engagement to make money You didn't know you may not understand this Rochester, but every so often a Performer must satisfy his artistic temperament. I'm playing these three weeks in San Francisco merely as a release For my talents. You understand what I mean. Well Is this the same kind of release that your talents got from Warner Brothers? No, no, this is something different by the way Rochester, where are my slippers right here boss? Well, don't just stand there pointing at them take them off Thank you Now Rochester, please go out and get me a sandwich with a corned beef on rye and don't forget the mustard and pickles Okay, and I better bring back some olives too olives. Why the fermenter fell out of your coupling All right, go get my sandwich. Yes See I've got quite a while before I have to be back on stage. I think I'll freshen up my makeup First I better take this old stuff off Now let's see where that jar. Oh here it is Yeah, that ought to be enough Hey, this stuff really takes the makeup off and in that fancy jar. No one would ever guess it's Crisco I wonder if I should shave before I Hmm look at my eyes They're bluer than the thumb of a cross-eyed carpenter I Better put on some more makeup Talking to myself all evening come in Well if it isn't Mary Mary quite contrary how does your garden grow with silver bells and cockleshells and boy, are you a schmoe?  I caught more than that. Huh?  She was a midget. She thought it was a mink stole You and your long sideburns Never mind. I look Mary. I want to finish my makeup. So excuse me Wait a minute Jack your jar of cold cream. It doesn't have any label on it. I know J It looks good Smells good too. Who recommended a Percy Westburner max factor Betty Crocker Betty Crocker Uh-huh, but she tells you how to cook and fry and wait a minute. Let me smell that again What are you laughing at? I never thought that buck Benny would turn out to be the Cisco kid All I know is it works anyway Come in oh Bob Crosby. Hi Jack. Hello, Mary. Hi Bob. I didn't mean to keep you waiting Mary But I had a few errands to do waiting. Oh, I meant to tell you Mary I want you and Bob to sing a song together on my radio show Oh, I don't want to do that after all I haven't got the voice of a great singer Well, I've got the name of one. So let's take a stab at it Matter of fact, I just got a letter from him this morning, you know bingers in Paris. Oh, yes I read about that Gosh, how I'd like to be there Say Bob wasn't it in Paris last year when Bing was taking a nap in the park and a French policeman arrested him there Yep, but this time he's taken some precautions to make sure that it doesn't happen again But what did he do? He bought France He bought friends you're surprised, huh? I didn't think Marie Chevalier would sell So much for international news, you know kids, I'm really getting a kick out of doing a stage show here in San Francisco It's nice to get away from Excuse me Hello, here's your party. Go ahead Hollywood. Hello Jack. This is Don Wilson. Oh, what is it done? Jack? I have the most wonderful idea. I just had to call you. What is it done? Well, you know how the entire movie industry is so excited about these new three-dimensional pictures Yes, well, I have an idea for a 3d picture. That's bound to be absolutely sensational. What is it? Well, the opening scene takes place on a tobacco plantation in Goldsboro, North Carolina No, and the scene is so realistic The people in the audience will think they're sitting right in a field of that light that fine that naturally mild tobacco continue Don You fascinate me? Now this is going to be a musical the sportsman quartet comes out and sings a love song to a cigarette No, kid, but remember with 3d picture you have to give everybody in the audience a pair of glasses not for this picture We're going to give everybody an ice tray. Oh Good good now down. We'll talk about when I get back with San Francisco. Okay. So long Jack. Goodbye, Don Here's your sandwich boys. Thanks, Rochester Say this is a nice thick one. Yeah, well, I told the man in the down contestant was for you He put in an extra piece of meat.  No Hmm Would you like some more mustard on it? No, no, this is fine the way it is That sandwich looks good. Sure does. Oh, I'm sorry.  No, see if there's an empty dressing room. I'll go and eat in there Jack come on Mary, I'll take you to dinner. Okay, Bob. Thanks. You can come along to Jack. No, thanks I better stay here and relax so long kids. Bye Jack. So long Rochester I'll have to get dressed pretty soon. So lay out my clothes. Will you please? Okay? Now I think that during my next show, there'll be some critics out front So I want you to sneak out in the audience and when I tell my jokes laugh it up What do you mean again, Rochester, I don't ask you to come in Hello, Jack. Hello Rochester. Well, Fred This is a surprise. What did you get in town last night last night? Well, why didn't you call me at my hotel? You mean you're staying at one that has phones? Well, no, but there's a candy store in the lobby that takes message Gosh, it's good to see you Fred. Tell me what are you doing here in San Francisco? Well, Jack I'm here on business business. Yes, you see Portland needs a milk and mink stole and I've heard there's a midget here Who wants to sell one? You're nearly as bad as Mary there I had some of the fur in my mouth Say boss as long as this town's in town, why don't you put him on your stage show? Well, thank you, Rochester, but I couldn't very well go out on the stage now. I haven't got any material Well, don't you have any of your old portable routines left? Well, if I did I'd be on television You'd be great if you could join me on my stage show Fred Well, I'd really love to Jack, but I have to rush back to Hollywood I've been offered to lead in a new picture a new picture. No dimension. It's a new thing that's coming out When it comes out you don't dimension the whole thing That's better than what we've got written here In this picture Jack, I play the part of a test pilot in Los Angeles I see the picture is called breaking the small barrier Here's a shame you can't stay over Fred so we could appear together be like old times We sure did Rochester we had a lot of fun in those days Oh gosh, you remember Jack how we'd always celebrate with a big dinner at Lindy's every time we got a job Yeah, we'd always get the best shrimp cocktail turtle soup chef salad fillet mignon stuffed potatoes Strawberry shortcake then I top it all off with a big glass of oval team Oh, well he wanted to be asleep when the check came Oh Those were the good old days I'll ever forget the time we rehearsed and polished our act for weeks and we went to see Mickey Rockford The biggest booking agent in New York Come on Fred, I think mr. Rockford's office is down the hall Hey, it's crowded in here Jack. I guess we'll have to talk to the secretary Miss we'd like to see mr. Rockford. Do you have an appointment? appointment, yes, we're Benny and Alan Benny and Alan. Yeah, don't you recognize us? Why is there a reward? You don't you don't understand girly we do a board relax Really, which one throws the fish? Say that is clever Miss you ought to be in show business yourself me and show business Yes, I know a magician who saws a woman in half you look better in two pieces I Take it easy Fred look look miss. We don't we don't want to argue We just like to see our agent mr. Rockford. Well, first I'll need some information now What's the name of your act again Alan and Benny? I? Thought you said it was Benny and Alan well at two o'clock our billing changes I Well, what kind of an act do you do violin clarinet and snappy pattern, huh? And where have you played? Oh all over. Well, where? Well, just just tell her the important dates Jack. Yeah, go ahead. Well, we did a week in South Belly, Wyoming A week in loose tooth, Arizona three days in stagnant water, New Mexico and We also played the palace here in New York South Belly loose tooth stagnant water in the palace Well, at least you worked your way up No, we played the palace first Well Mr. Rockford's busy right now, so just have a seat and I'll call you all right. Oh By the way, mr. Allen, I don't mean to be personal, but are you an American citizen? Yes, I got these slant eyes from pulling off a tight derby Yes, yes, oh very well, mr. Rockford. Oh boys, mr. Rockford will see you now. Good. Good. Come on Fred. Let's go in. Okay Well, come on in fellas come on in close the door sit down. Thank you. Mr. Rockford. I'm Jack Benny This is Fred Allen. That's right, mr. Rockford. Remember you booked our act in the palace seven years ago. Oh Yes, what business are you in now? I Well, we're still in show business. Yes, and we thought you could book us please fellas our new act is Sensational at least give us a chance mr. Rockford. Yes, all we need is one good break You know I gave you a break when I put you in a low-splat bush Some break they opened with things mules and major Dodie's dogs came out then Manny's monkeys Then powers dancing elephants so what well by the time we came out We look like the last two passengers are no as are Well look boys, I'm very busy. I mean mr. Rockford. Just listen to our opening number. It'll only take a second all right But before you oh excuse me it come in Mr. Rockford, here's the 10% commission. I owe you for booking my act last week. Oh, thank you Oh, wait a minute a cute boy, Sonny. What's your name? Eddie Ketter Potatoes are cheaper tomatoes are cheaper now the time to fall in love how about listening to our our new act Oh, all right if you insist ready with your clarinet friend ready, okay? One two Mr. Allen What is it mr. Benny? Have you heard that they're making women's bathing suits out of spun glass? Women's bathing suits out of glass. Well, that's worth looking into I'll take it mr. Allen if you will no mr. Benny I love music so do I music once saved my uncle's life Well, how did music save your uncle's life? They played the star-spangled banner just as he was sitting in the electric chair Oh Mr. Benny yes, mr. Allen. I want you to meet my new girl. Her name is well enough Why do you call your girl well enough because I want the boys to leave well enough In unison What do you think of it?  Rockwood to tell you the truth fellas I'm confused the whole act leaves me cold. It's neither fish or foul Well, that's funny the last agent we went to thought it was both Well, mr. Rockwood, you mean you can't book us anywhere Actually, I don't have a thing open for a double.  It's ridiculous. We're more than just a team. We're partners friends buddies Why we'd rather starve than let anything come between us Well, that's a shame because I've got an opening for a single and scranton for $15 a week. I'll take it Well, if that's the way you feel I'll take it for $14 a week mr. Rockwood You steal a job away from your partner your buddy your friends some friend What did you ever do for me? Why you puff I'd ingrate for years?  I'll take the job for $10 a week Oh, yeah, well, I'll take it for eight. I'll take it for five Well, I'll take it for three. Well, I'll take it for nothing. So will I well at that price. I can afford both of you Did you hear that? We're working Ladies and gentlemen that concludes another program and we'll be with you next week at the same time and Fred It was nice reminiscing. Oh say Jack. We forgot to tell him about the time we played in burning stump, Arkansas Remember that insulting audience. Oh, yes. I remember while we were doing our act The audience threw pennies on the stage and you complained to the manager and when they stopped you complained to the manager Come on Fred, let's go out and get a cup of coffee. Good night, folks Listen again next week to the Jack Benny show Donaldson speaking. This is the United States Armed Forces radio


The the responsibility is on us. It's similar that because we can't I can I think sometimes rightly so I mentioned the chance we created shed you know the mentality to keep doing that we've done it against down We don't win a game. We you know, so that's our responsibility because I can't keep talking about change the chance I can't keep time 22. I think we have 11 on target. I mean you've got to score goals You've got to score more than one when you're doing that kind of work So it's a responsibility for everyone, but certainly You know, I'm looking at the talent we've got looking at the quality we've got on there It just seems that odd thing, you know where I how we're not scoring more goals. He's just bizarre and I'm looking today at Good out for the West Amar, but we're controlling the game. We go one alert But unfortunately, mr. Paribas great finish and Beto and stuck at it only took him off because he was fatigued and I thought his performance was good And we're controlling the game at that point and the chance we create and you've got to go and score the second If you score the second is a long way back for any team in the Premier League