everyone. This is Ancient Rome Live, a live lecture. We're going to be talking about the lost triumphal arches of Rome. First, we'll take a brief look at what the triumphal route was, who celebrated it. We'll look at the triumphal arches that are preserved, and then we'll look at the arches that have been lost, what remains of those arches. The triumphal procession is a route that would change over time. It was celebrated by Republican generals, and then exclusively the Roman Emperor. You won a great victory for the state, so you were god for a day with a special ticker tape parade. You were in a chariot, and your face was painted red like the Colt statue of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. The culmination of your procession. There were your troops. There were captured barbarians. There were spoils of war. There were painted panels depicting the moments of battle that were critical. And of course the people turned out for this incredible display of pageantry, particularly in the Circus Maximus. That was the great venue to view all of that material. Essentially though you waited outside the magical boundary line of the city, the Pomerium. Somewhere in the campus marshes, you got your approval and started your route, which could vary, but essentially over time it's roughly a very similar route. And you're making your way from the floodplain the campus marshes. For example, the station was waiting, we know, at the Portuguese of Octavia in the Circus Dominius area, and then made his way through the Velaverum in the form Boerium, and essentially is then circling the Palatine Hill, the epicenter historic epicenter of the original city, founded by Romulus on the Palatine Hill. So you passed through the Circus Maximus, you made your way over to the Valley of the Colosseum, turning at the Metasudans, and you went into the Roman Forum on the Via Sacra, and then up the Via Clevis Capitolinas to the Temple of Jupiter, Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill. Some arches are preserved on that route. Let's take a look at those three first. You have the Arch of Titus, celebrating the victory of Titus and Vespasian. When you had that famous revolt in Judea, this was built by Domitian to honor his brother after he died after a short reign of Rome, having succeeded Vespasian. So there are some nuanced realities associated with each individual arch as well. It celebrates the triumph of Titus, but Titus didn't build it. It does celebrate Titus because his younger brother Domitian wanted to have that association and attachment to his brother who had been successful and had celebrated a triumph. Domitian hadn't yet celebrated his own triumphs. Here is the Arch of Septimius Severus, and you see a representation of a panel, a painted panel that would have been carried in the processions, but here's a stone version of it showing some of the battles that Septimius Severus won over the Parthians. So this is the famous Parthian Arch of Septimius Severus in the heart of the Forum versus the Arch of Titus that was on the hill, the Velia hill overlooking the Roman Forum. And this is quite magnificent and so much better preserved than the Arch of Titus, which is heavily restored by Velidie. And this is the third arch preserved from Imperial Rome, the Arch of Constantine, reutilizing famously so much art from previous emperors. Here we can see some panels from a lost arch of Marcus Aurelius, we'll be talking about a lot of lost arches today, and that's already a clue that some of the material from the lost arches are recycled in later structures such as the Arch of Constantine over in the valley of the Colosseum next to the Metasudans. So on that famous trample route, although what kind of triumph was this? It wasn't against the foreign foe, it was for defeating the forces of Mccentius, the previous emperor. So what's missing? What can we talk about? What's missing from ancient Rome? Let's start off with the Arch of Augustus. The Arch of Augustus celebrated the Parthian defeat of 20 BC, more a political victory than a physical war victory, but we see it here preserved as a background structure on the Anaglipha Triani, currently located in the Coria Giulia in the Forum. Not much of it survives in the Forum today, next to the Temple of the Castors. This is the Arch of Tiberius. Well, what's left of it? It is subject to dispute in the Roman Forum, but here it is preserved again on the Anaglipha Triani panel, and it's shown here between on the left the Temple of Saturn and on the right the Temple of Concordia. So it's on the Vigis Jugadius and it celebrates the triumph of Tiberius in 8016, returning the standards lost in Germany previously. The Arch of Nero is an arch where we have very little of it, really nothing except for this coin. Through a great study by Fred Kleiner, we know that it was a huge physical presence on the capitaline hill along the slopes, and it was indeed demolished after his death, but originally intended to celebrate a victory over the Parthians. There were two arches of Domitian, one on the Cleavus Pilatinas and one in the Forum Boerium. It seems that they're reduced or removed or renamed after his death, that famous assassination in 8096, but that arch that we see right here in the panel of Marcus Aurelius' triumph very well could be that arch that was built by Domitian. Here is an arch of Trajan, preserved on a coin, also originally located on the capitaline hill in the Temple of Jupiter, Optimus Maximus, celebrating his Decian victory, we think, is most likely. The arch of Marcus Aurelius we've already referred to, a number of the panels, eight are embedded into the arch of Constantine, with the face of the emperor recarved to look like Constantine, but there are another four that are on display in the capitaline museums today. It seems that all these panels are associated with an arch once located next to the Curia and the Forum of Caesar, roughly in the location, roughly in location of the Church of Luca and Martina, the Baroque Church, so in that nearby vicinity. And there are three triumphal arches that straddle the road known as Via Lata or the Via Flaminia, today's Via del Corso, that then have a sad and sorry end because we can walk along that road today and we will not see those three arches, but they were attributed to some of the great emperors of the city, Claudius, Hadrian, and quite possibly Aurelian. So let's take a look at the first one chronologically, the Arch of Claudius was celebrating a victory over Britain and we have the inscription partially preserved and we can read on one of the lines, Regis Brit, and we have his name at the top, type of area is Claudius, as we discovered in the Renaissance times, we also have a panel associated with this arch that depicts a group of Victorian soldiers. This literally was originally straddling the Via Lata and it's this sort of attitude in the Renaissance times and beyond that you're interested in widening the street with the first thing you need to do is remove the arch that's restricting the passageway on the street. Same thing goes to the Arch of Portugal, the Portogallo Arch, which was named in the 16th century due to the fact that it was next to the Embassy of Portugal. Now it seems to be a later arch reutilizing earlier reliefs, three of Hadrianic date, so they're being used as Spolia and quite possibly due to its proximity to the temple of Hadrian it could have been originally associated with an arch that tied to the divinity of Hadrian. This is conjecture but it is quite possible that's where those reliefs came from keeping in mind that ultimately we don't have so much to go on because in the 17th century this arch was obliterated. Here we have the Arch of Portugal, here are those three panels, we have Hadrian addressing the populace including the genius of the sent in the people of Rome, Hadrian addressing Roma and then we have a seated Hadrian in the Capuch Marches area looking at his wife ascending to the heavens her apotheosis being cared in the back of a Victoria angelic like figure. Finally we have the Arcus Novus also in the Violata celebrating 10 years of the reign of Diocletian but it's using previously existing panels possibly from a Julio Claudian altar of Piatos which today we find inserted into the façade of Vila Medici on the Pinchot Hill. This arch again was destroyed in the case of the expansion of the church of Sentimentia de Lata and there were other 16th century Spolia found that could have been or would have been part of the entrance to the temple of Sol built by Aurelian. They've been transported to the Boboli Gardens along with some barbarian figures and their statue bases. Let's take a look at the Boboli Gardens in Florence and see the exquisite remains of the arch that could have actually had an earlier life as part of the decoration of the temple of Sol built by Aurelian. This is again one of these famous temples that's disappeared from record. How rare it is to have these figures in porphyry exquisite stone. Their hands are held together a sign of submission and we take a look at the bases. We see great example of what's being produced in the third century. We see a victory figure. We see Catherine Pollux and a kneeling figure with chains. Their arms behind her back. She's kneeling in submission. So many details. Such rich history that helps us understand and reconstruct the lost, triumphal arches of Imperial Rome. Thanks for joining and be sure to subscribe to our newsletter to get the link for future live lectures.


Welcome to Rich and Southeast Asia gathering with Tsinghua University, United in Diversity and UNSDSN. The theme is investing in people, planet and prosperity for the shared happiness of all. You can see behind me is the three mountains bamboo gathering place in Kura Kura Bay. Partners gathered hail from top Indonesia and Southeast Asia universities as well as MIT, Harvard, Columbia, Oxford University, London School of Economics, Tokyo University as well as World Bank, OECD, P4G, International Chambers, World Green Building, Philanthropy and X-Prize. Wow! Now Rich can have different meanings. One lesson I learned in my life's journey is that Rich comes not from materials you own. It comes from the generosity of giving to. I am inspired to see the campus in Bali will celebrate the Balinese Trihitta Karana values of Tian Di Ren He in Chinese aligned with the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals. The three ways to happiness. First, harmony among people. This includes eradication of poverty, quality education, health care, road safety and livelihoods for all, as well as solving the inequalities in the world. Second, harmony of humans with nature. This includes protecting of our green rainforests, our blue oceans, life-circular economy to recycle, reuse and reduce, and face our climate crisis with natural capital, carbon and communities solutions. At the top of the happiness pyramid is peace and collaboration of spiritual harmony. We need to see ourselves as a system and let go and reset in a collective sense. The Trihitta Karana compass on human-based awareness technology. The Trihitta Karana roadmap on blended finance. The Trihitta Karana value creation for better business, better world will all be explored in the Bali campus along with happiness lab, policy lab, finance lab, innovation lab and more with people from all walks of life and all corners of the globe to reimagine our common fate. Thank you, ministers, professors Chuyong, Sherri, Ed and organizers. We invite you all here to find riches and happiness with open minds, open hearts and open wills.


and welcome to Supercharged. I am Paul. This is the show where I take the websites that you've submitted and I go through them and I look for performance issues and I try and figure out what they are and how we can do a better job. So, today I have Jai's web blog. He's a UI engineer at Flipkart and an ex-Yahooian. And when I saw this site, I thought, hmm, there's an interesting thing here. Not the page load, which we normally do, but actually this side menu caught my attention because I thought that janks a little bit when it comes out on a desktop. And I wonder if it's just doing something a little bit funny and what it would look like on a mobile device. So, what we're gonna do is we're gonna hit Chrome Inspect, like so. I have my Nexus device, my Nexus 5 here plugged in. And what I can do is I can go and grab this URL and I can pop it in here and say open. And it opens a new tab on here, which is magical and wonderful.  And I can do Inspect and it brings up Chrome's DevTools as we know and love. What's so good? And that means that I can inspect what's going on on the phone in just the same way as I would on desktop, except that I also get this additional feature, which actually shows me what's on the device. So, if I click on this, it actually happens on the phone or I can click on here and it happens on the screen. It's magical, I love that. Even looking at what's on the phone, I can tell you that this animation isn't running at 60 frames a second. Let's give ourselves a baseline. We're in the timeline. So, what we'll do is we'll hit the record button, like so, and I will hit that button over there on the phone and you can see, yeah, goodness. Okay, so it's just about 60 frames a second sometimes and towards the end there, it's shooting off the top. This rasterize is, what's that, 72 milliseconds? I'm holding shift here as I click drag and that gives me a time range. So, 72 milliseconds for an animation like this, we want to be 16. So, what's that? Well, about four, five times. So, I don't know, 10, 12 frames a second, roughly. Let's figure out why we're doing an animation that's so slow. Right, the way to do this, let's switch off the device bit. Actually, I'll just leave it on, why not? We're all friends here. Ah, okay, so the straight way, actually, on the body there is a class of nav open, which feels like it's something that's relevant to our interests. Yes, okay, margin left. Now, I know from other work that if you do something like margin left, there we go, margin left, changing margin left is gonna trigger layout. It's gonna trigger paint and it's gonna trigger composite. All three tasks are quite expensive for us to do during an animation. What we want to do is if we're animating, we wanna just stick to composite operations. So, we can do that with just by using, say, a transform. And in this case, a transform of the whole body would actually work really well rather than using margin left. So, what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go back and check out csstriggers.com. I mean, I built it, so I'm gonna, you know, promote it, but it's still pretty cool anyway. Let's have a look. There are tools open, still. So, rather than margin left, what do we say? We're gonna do a transform and let's translate x15.75ems. We have a transition, which we're gonna change from margin to transform. Transform, there we go. There is a webkit version here and the Moz and O. So, you could do the vendor prefix version as well if you were doing something similar to this. And let's see now. If we switch on show paper rectangles. So, with that in place, does that work? Oh, it's still painting. Ah, what we need to do, what we should do is since we are doing a transform, we should tell Chrome in this case that we will be changing the transform of the elements in question. So, there's a green flash there, which tells us that it's just promoted something to its own layer, I guess. So now, if we actually leave the show paint rectangles on, yeah, there's a green flash where the button was, which makes sense because it's probably got a selected state. And now, let's go back to timeline. Let's record again. There we go. We've gone from 10, 12 frames a second in some places to 60, there's a little bit of a jump there which may or may not be something depending on how we did. But you can see that we've hit 60 frames a second. We're in a really good spot. Instead of animating margin left or any of the properties that would trigger layout and paint, we just want to stick to things like transform and opacity where we can for animations. And certainly in this case, we definitely can. And by doing that, we've gone from 30 frames a second-ish all the way up to 60. So take a look at your animations, see if there's opportunities to switch out those kind of expensive operations for the easier, cheaper ones. And hopefully you'll get a good performance boost there too. Don't forget to subscribe and I'll catch you next time. Some mornings I get out of bed and I'm just Paul. Some days I am Paul, master of the performance, king of the timeline.


This new research on the screen behind me suggests that when students create a visual map away from a textbook followed by free recall writing that it leads to better responses from your students. So this study technique is perfect for the exam season. So in your next lesson, why not ask your students to create a visual diagram to help them connect concepts of the things that they've been learning. This technique is perfect for tapping into deeper cognition, asking students to synthesize knowledge and kind of articulate how concepts connect together. It's also a great way to develop confidence before you ask them to respond in a deeper written kind of format. So my question to you is, how are you going to use this technique in your next lesson this term? So there's my blog summary, I'll include that in the link and there is a link to the open access PDF paper published in March, 2024.


I'm broke! Can you call us in Instagram? Twitter, Twitter, Twitter, Twitter, Twitter, Twitter, Twitter, Trump, Facebook. No! It's a joke! I'm gonna calm my belly button. Let's go on. I'm broke!  I'm broke. I'm broke. Please! There's, like, 1% of you that do that. Which matter, we get frickin' morons. Is that how you get people to follow you by calling them frickin morons? Yep. Cool. I thought I was doing correct. Yep. Today. Piper did that. He really wasn't playing a pipe.  Today. We were acting to a video. Video. What was that? I don't know. I just wanted to say it as fast as I could so it sounds like maybe, y'all beautiful people on Twitter and Instagram and everywhere you're sending me messages nonstop about reaction choices. You know I have no idea what we're reacting to until I sit in this chair and we start filming. Oh, he does. You're not helping.  That's not true. Uh, this is from the man company. Ugh! This is real. I like it already. We'll listen to some poetry. The man company. The man poetry. Man poetry. Hickory dickory dock. The mouse ran up the clock. The clock struck one. The mouse fell down because he died. This is called gentlemen kisei kehiti hai. And it's a Yushmen Korana doing the poetry. So this is a poetry. Poetry, you can't believe. Poetry. A poem on what makes a true gentleman written by Gorav Solanke and recited by a Yushmen Korana. Yeah, so it's somebody else's poem, a Yushmen's reciting it. I think we've seen, who did we see do poetry? They be? You sure? Culky. Oh yeah, Culky did it. I think it was her poetry, though. I actually, Seagal Baby's over on Patreon for me over there. You wanted me to do some poems. I'm doing it. You asked me for that. I just wanted to let you know by. Red. Blue. Ashu. God bless you. Thank you. Uh, anyways, so I'm excited. Something different. Here we go. Gentlemen kisei kehiti hai. You know, man's ka exterior type hai. Bari macho wali hai. O ghar chadayega. O ladki ko bachayega. O roega nahi hai. Weak nahi hoga. Daga ye toh saala kuch thiek nahi hoga. Mujina hero na seve na Superman banna tha. Jo ro sake, jo gas sake, kisi ko bachaa pahe to bachaa sake. Aisa man banna tha. Ne Hindi mein senti hota hoon. Punjabi mein gata hoon. Aisa man. Tayabanda mujhe nahi hata hoon. Par kana thikthak banata hoon. Aisa man. Tumhari inu sloaya fast hai, mujhe farak nahi padta.  I know that he has told you to play it too cool. And fathers asked you to be disciplined as if you're always in school. Ono ne bola. Gentlemen banu. But ye bhi bola ki, man ka gentleman bana kharaab hai. Tumhe to honor bachana hai. Jadu wala perfume lagana hai. Usi se ladkiya tum pe marhengi. Par marhengi kyon? Tumne marna nahi chahiye. Ne jaha hoon, jaha khara hoon ne dharna nahi chahiye. Pink aur Pink Floyd ke beech me ho kuch bhi pasankar sakta hai. Andhera zada ho to woh bhi dar sakta hai. Kyuki violence uske saad bhi hoa hai. Patria ki ne usko bhi garat tarike se chua hai. Ho jaldi bada hone ke bojke nahi chahiye bada hota hai. Dil uska bhi 300 gram ka hi hota hai. Par usse lohe ka sosha kawar chala hota hai.  Ye na janta. Par farkh karne ko, sabse bada guna maanta ho. Sahi isi liye. Isi liye apne bete se kaya tha ho ki zoruri nahi un ke liye khursi ki jna hai. Gadi ka darwaza khol na. Aur jab kuch gana toh sabse pehle bol na. Kyuki six pack se nahi banta hai mat. Na tata kamaane se banta hai. Na chillane se na asu chupane se banta hai. Kisi maar ko thandakti hai toh dil uska bhi sardh hota hai. Ki jis ko dardh hota hai asal mein wohin mardh hota hai. Tu ja hai carpet bhi soi. Chahi red carpet bhi chahi. And let me tell you the most powerful as long as they live and champion them. Thank you to Sauradeep and Himanshu. Forgive me if I'm pronouncing mispronouncing your name. But thank you for working on this. I believe it's Himanshu. Thank you so much. Yeah, thoughts? I liked it. I didn't love it. I liked it. I just... I wasn't as gripped with it in the way I was Kalkis. Just because I think probably presentation of it almost felt more like he was going to come out and do stand-up comedy versus poetry. Just that a little bit. Also, one of the things I was thinking about while I was listening to it and it's not its fault was being a gentleman, so many of the things he was talking about, we only understand from a western frame of reference what it means to be a man here. And there's a lot of this that goes completely beyond us because it's not anything we grew up with that Indian men and boys grew up with. So, that was the other thing and it's not its own fault. I could resonate more with what Kalki was talking about more universal connectivity for me. Not diminishing this. It just didn't. I had one line in there where I still think chivalry isn't dead. I still think that guys should pull out a chair in the door. I don't think that was the point. It's not the point but he said it. So, I had to say for all the guys that still believe in chivalry, open the door and pull out the chair and let the ladies go first. What did you think? I thought it was good. Yeah, I agree. It didn't obviously grip me more. But I thought it was a good message for sure. Most of it was universal. Obviously, when you talk about they should die for us. I'm assuming I don't know exactly what he's talking about. I don't know. I don't know. I think he meant the amount of things that happened where women are like, should keep the honor. Yeah. I don't know if he was referring to this but because it's so much on the heels of the last movie we watched, women are literally killed all over the world for not fulfilling their families' expectations. Literally killed for it. The line I really relate to is a woman shouldn't be afraid when they see a man walking on the street toward her. It's always really bothering me. I'm sure I've mentioned it here before of I go out of my way. If I'm walking down the street and there's a girl I cross the street so I'm not on the same side of the street as her because I don't know what she's experienced with men. I don't want her to be uncomfortable.  If I was walking down the street if I was walking on your street here and it was night and I'm walking toward a woman so that she doesn't feel uncomfortable that a man is approaching her alone at night on the street. I just think that's common courtesy and common sense and to recognize. I think that'd be weirder. Ah, no. To walk across the street or I think keep walking toward her or definitely not walk behind a woman Well, you shouldn't walk by anybody. Hey, we'll be able to do that to me. I'm not talking about like that. I just mean in general. But it's interesting because I believe our understanding of what it means to be a gentleman I don't know what that is for a lot of Indian men because we just haven't been exposed to that. I know it from Miss Manners and really American and English culture of what's proper table manners what is proper etiquette, what does a gentleman do the universal things in there are definitive in regard to the man doesn't always have to be the hero the man should not be afraid to show his emotions it's not it's okay if your little boy likes to play with, you know, likes to color pink those kinds of things toxic masculinity being eradicated I think that's the main point of it What was that? And I don't know this is a grooming company as well Oh, okay. The man company Don't we have them here? We have something like that Don't we? Forgot what it's called. It's not the man company Stuff for shaving your genitals or something for men. It's beard care It's all stuff for men Ball care Yeah Ball care You ever do that?  No My dad used to do that Yeah. A lot of men still do it That was weird, didn't you? Me too I see guys do it at the gym I have a lot of thoughts that go through my mind when guys do that Not that it I want to know about my dad's ball care Yeah, two or hours for that matter Anyways, this became weird But you do know that we don't put talcum powder down there There you go. Probably didn't need to know that Sometimes turmeric powder though I like it spicy


Just wait one second for that We were calling Cool. Thank you very much. You should be able to see Actually, can you see the learns the learn web development? Is that what I'm sharing the excellent so and to cut a long story short what we ended up doing is creating two learning modules and the first one is Not on the URL because the sidebar doesn't seem to be updated Understanding client-side web development tools. I actually approached Remy sharp to write this because I thought he knows that stuff pretty well and I Know him fairly well and he would probably do a good job of writing that so I'm not going to go for every one of these in great detail but you know we have Client-side tooling overview which sort of takes you through, you know, what are all the different classifications of tool that you might use? We split it into Safety net as Remy calls it or basically, you know tools that help you to code more efficiently and more effectively The second top kind of classification we have is transformation tools so Things like build tools three processes all of that kind of stuff and then thirdly we have Post coding tools including things like deployment and testing so We don't go through every tool available, but we give a few examples and give a good idea in general of what those classifications of tools do The second one we have there as you can see is command line crash course because You know the command line is pretty much essential if you're going to be using a lot of this client-side tooling but it's just kind of something that In a lot of courses you see about web stuff these days They all seem to just assume that you know the command line whereas a lot of young folk coming up into this industry probably don't so much So that's real basics of command line Package management basically you know how to use npm and yarn to do interesting things what the point of package managers is etc etc How to use one at a basic level and then we introduce a complete tool chain Which basically provides a very very simple React app It uses post CSS to use a couple of features that aren't actually in the browser yet It uses parcel to do the build it uses ES lint and prettify to do a couple of useful kind of code caring type things and then we use github to Send it up to a repo and then we deploy that onto a netlify instance So it's just like a nice sort of simple Well I say simple it doesn't seem that simple to me but It's a nice simple kind of 10,000 foot walkthrough of the sort of stuff that you should be able to do web tools And I'm kind of thinking well let's keep it relatively generic And not and include as little as possible stuff about the actual tools So but it'll be simpler to Keep maintained and keep actually working So that was that Then I was very quickly going to introduce you to the other bit that I've got available which is the framework section So understanding client side JavaScript frameworks So again JavaScript frameworks is such a big deal these days that I thought well this probably deserves several modules But I thought well let's just produce one module to begin with just to kind of dip our toes in the water and say You know let's see how successful this is and then what people ask for later and then we can always add more later on So the idea here was I've got a couple of introductory guides that kind of say okay as An aspiring web developer who probably knows a bit of vanilla JavaScript Why bother to learn frameworks on top of that? How do they relate to vanilla JavaScript? Why do they exist what problems that they actually solve and that modern apps require and The native platform has a bit of trouble with sometimes What general kind of features do all frameworks tend to have and how do they all work together? When should you use a framework? When should you not use a framework? Which is another important thing that you know You don't really get with a lot of framework vendors documentation. It's just basically our framework is great So use it for everything. This is wonderful kind of thing. I know that they're not all like that But a lot of them tend to so I want to provide you know as neutral of you as possible That kind of says, you know, let's step back a bit and ask why or when you'd even use this stuff so With those bits out of the way in the first two articles there. I then provide I Originally intended this to be a fairly simple and Kind of walk through the real basics for each framework and look an article or so but I very quickly realized that Frameworks do so much and so complicated that you can't really explain even the basics just in a single Articles so we ended up with quite a few articles about react covering all the main sort of parts Covered ember as well because that still seems to be and fairly popular covered view Because views really cool and it seems to be up and coming We also wanted to cover Angular because I think from the last time I looked at the stats Angular seems to be the sort of the second most used framework still after react, but I couldn't Well, I had a few office naffos and authors dropping out and in the end I just ran out of time, but we want to We want to cover react later on and then after I published this stuff And Sebastian scurrano approached me and said he'd love to provide a course about Svelte basics, so we should have a Svelte series coming very soon, which I'm really pleased about because That's why I always wanted I didn't just want to cover the really big ones Even though it sort of makes sense to cover the biggest ones that are in the most demand But I also thought well, let's cover a smaller more often coming one just to kind of You know give a little bit of fairness to the smaller the smaller frameworks and Something I mean, I've already had a bit of abuse about this online, which is inevitable But and I have included this big section here, which is which frameworks did we choose because I Kind of thought well, it's difficult, but whenever I'll just stop sharing for a second, but when Whenever we cover anything that's not pure web technologies and MDN We tend to get abuse because it's like MDN is supposed to be the neutral place to go and learn about web standards And how dare you cover react and stuff. Are you just a Facebook shill rah, rah, rah, rah, rah We have got a little bit of that kind of rhetoric, but most people have been quite pleased about stuff As I say, I have tried to explain the narrative to kind of say, you know We're not being a lot of people said well Are you being sponsored by react and review and ember to cover their frameworks on your site? It's like well, no I literally just wanted to choose a variety of a few frameworks So that beginners had a place to at least start because of course, you know, it's all well and good explaining Generally what framework features do but really you can't learn about them about showing a specific example And for that you have to show a specific framework. So so, yeah, and That's kind of the first part of my talk done and the reason that I was referring to the The issue where I Delivered my talk information is basically the There's a bit there that says to solicit feedback you can either fill in a questionnaire or write some free-form feedback on A Google Doc link I provided or you can tweet me an email me So and if there's any feedback you have about this stuff after the session that you forgot to mention Then feel free to put it in one of those places, but I don't know Did any of you folks have any questions about this stuff or any feedback to share immediately? Well, yeah, sure It's it's fine if you don't because I mean this is quite a lot to throw it somebody and say tell me what you think But please please go ahead if you have some feedback Well the question that is always on my mind is how to make use of this and the thing that I always notice when I have to use MDM is That I have to leave the IDE that I'm in and I know that there are some plugins for VS code but You know I'm a decentralization developer and I was wondering if there's like, you know a clear copy of MDM that can be downloaded So it is just with my with my Yeah, the studio code or something like that and I can just reference to it and it would like The first of course, you would need a version of this like you would need versioning and a Distribution method for this but also What's more important is like it I would like to see in an IDE That if I have this JavaScript method and this is a promise like If in TypeScript, there is a promise popping up that I could see more information about the you know in-depth Documentation or articles around it immediately while I'm editing Without the round trip to the browser Right, that is that is a very good bit of feedback and it's not the first time I've heard it And I do have some kind of interesting news on both fronts really so the first Really it's kind of being unpacked. I can unpack this into two questions really the first one is you know Can we have an offline version of MDM available to you so that we don't have to keep loading it up in the browser And the second one really what you're saying is is there some way that I can have kind of MDN information? Popping up inside my ID, so I don't even have to leave it. I think that's both points pretty much covered, isn't it? So For the first one we have been asked about whether we can have an offline MDN a few times before and I suppose my first question is kind of Would it be good enough to have it? To just do some sort of simple service worker thing where we can just make all the pages available off my line I'm guessing not because that would still involve going to the web browser and secondly what kind of Format would you prefer to have it in what would be most useful in that regard? Since the formatting is in HTML at least the content wouldn't be need to be in HTML, but it should be Semantic in us. I'm not sure If it is feasible in visual studio code to just pop up an iframe and you know Drop the resources in a stat. I'm also not sure how Resized properties work, you know, if it if you have the documentation in the sidebar of the ID The layout should work for that So there might it might be a good idea to have a semi semantic version or like an Advanced HTML mode where you can maybe pass in, you know through the hash parameter of the HTML site You can pass in some visualization Hints where you can say that okay, please use this in dark mode now or not more importantly like broad information or thin information mode something like that I would not be looking for a completely devoid of Branding things so I would be okay with branding I would be okay with the modular logo being in there and stuff like that fine It's just the deep linking is important, you know, like that I can Inside the code like deep link and and see like one example for how it would be cool in the idea, you know, like I'm dreaming here, but If I have the ambient side for promises open that it shows me all the places in my project where I have promises, you know, like This automatic connection where in my code is this How does it relate to the things that are here? Sure So I have even better news kind of on that front. So just this week. I saw what one one of the MDN developers Gregor who's based in our Berlin office and was playing around with an idea of being able to just pull You know pull up MDN data kind of anywhere, you know, they'll the ultimate idea that he's working on is could we present? All of the MDN content is basically like a query queryable API so you can just bring it up anywhere that you can access it That's ultimately what we want to aim for now At the moment that will be a bit painful because all of the MDN data is contained in a my SQL database and All the Indian content should I say so it's not really structured content. It's just big blobs of stuff inside my SQL and So at the moment, we'd probably have to do some kind of scraping of the pages as we queried and I'm not sure how Performance would be on that. I suspect probably it wouldn't be great and there'd be a lot of Troubles of doing that. But I mean he is investigating that to start off with now The good bit of news is around the corner is coming probably end of this year start of next year and we're going to have MDN available In a github repo and we're moving out of the my SQL database and we're aiming to represent the content in a github repo. Initially, that would be HTML files and Of course, if it's just flat files and sat there available like that. It might be a bit easier to query but what what ultimately aiming to do Is we're aiming to turn it into structured markdown And Some like three members of my team are already working on writing the schemas writing the recipes writing a linter to lintel the content pages And, you know, fixing the errors to make sure that all of the pages are totally consistent and then when we turn it into the markdown content and Plus metadata to actually organize the content. This is the point when we should be able to start doing this a lot more easily. So It's a little way off perhaps, but we're already looking into this we've we've already come come into contact with this whole idea. Wouldn't it be great if you can just Query all of MDN's content as structured data and just pull it up where you need it. So that's what we're aiming towards and then of course at that point if we could get it into that state And anybody could just write plugins for their favorite ideas using it or web extensions or whatever they want. So that's kind of where we're going with that. As a developer of my own modules are things I need to invent the wheel reinvent the wheel when it comes to documentation and if MDN wouldn't manage it to, you know, like have a big fancy collaboration with TypeScript That would kind of lead the way towards other tools also being able to use the same documentation concept In theirs. So let's say if the MDN would provide a general purpose, you know, surface layer for documentation for advanced documentation for things or additional documentation of things like Conceptually speaking for me MDN is you have a concept of a promise and yes, a promise can be explained very briefly as a very easy sort of thing but it adds this facets to the documentation it gives more information it gives more It explains it well. There are some nice examples and stuff like that. So it's like you have this raw documentation that is usually coming from the developer and you have an additional layer of documentation that can come on top of it and that is true for pretty much any project doesn't matter what like if you're writing code The developer might do the initial bit of documentation and somebody might do an a top of it, you know, an additional layer on top of it and if there would be like a means how I could write just how I could give this on top of bit of information Pretty to the community that they have a platform to write these sort of things for my tools. That would be cool. Yeah, I mean that would be amazing like we all of the stuff that we provide is generally under permissive licenses and and we'd like to give it all back at the end of the day so if we could provide that sort of layer made generic enough so that it could be used for any docks project that would be brilliant I mean I'm probably going to go back to our developers and share this with them to give them a bit of an idea of kind of How much further we could go with it, you know, that would be absolutely great so I do really appreciate the thoughts on that. Yeah, and we'll definitely be in touch when we figure out some more in that direction. Okay, so thank you for that Martin. People have questions I have more. Well, yeah, what I was thinking is, and we only have about five minutes left and I think we need to rush on to another. I think there's another call going on after that but I mean, I don't really have time to discuss now the second bit of what what I was going to discuss so let's go on to a couple more questions and fill up the rest of the time that way. So, do you want to give me an example. Oh, sure. Okay. The other question that I had is about translation. I have a deep interest in translation and I have worked at a project that does a lot of translation. So, just brief back and it was a big organized at note school. We did the tutorials for note and they were translated in many languages as well, not as many as MDM. But we were struggling with this concept of there is code in our documentation that should be equal in all in all languages and there is text in those documentation that is not equal like We have updates to our tools where we say like, okay, we need to update the code example. It's broken and then all the translations would need an update. But if there is only like a informal piece of text from or it explains it different, you know, like badly in one language and well in another language and we only need to update that language. So there's some responsibility that is only for let's say the Japanese speaker and there's something that is more general. And I was wondering how you figured out to make this process like smooth. Like if you notice that there is an update in code that affects all the translations that you like get to let them know that it works. And if there is like, you know, like kind of like if you want to get the Mozilla docs to be broadly used by react frameworks or other frameworks, giving this sort of guide would help them to do it right. And you obviously know how to do this. So is there a document around this or So the answer I'm going to give you here is probably going to be quite disappointing really. I mean, yes, we do do translations. But what I find is I mean, in terms of purely the technical problem that you're discussing what we tend to do is We just have the English version written first and then we offer the service where if you want to create a translation of that you click on the languages drop down you click add a new translation you select the language that you want to do the translation of and then it gives you a And then it gives you like a little side by side view where it shows you the English and then lets you type in your translation to the right of that. So it's really basic. It's not very clever at all, unfortunately, and the code is just provided as is inside the translated document and there's nothing to stop the translator translating the code examples if they want to it's not. I mean, again, what we're moving towards is we're moving towards more examples being contained in a central repository. So if you look at, for example, our interactive examples which is the little editable examples that you see at the top of all of the JavaScript reference pages these days. They're all contained in a GitHub repo and generated when the static pages are generated. So they're kept that they're kept consistent regardless of the language and then we have some others too but it's by no means consistent yet. This is another huge problem. The main problem that we have is we don't really have any management structure that does the translations properly so we have really good French translations for example but that's totally down to the community having some really passionate members that keep those up to date as much as possible. But a lot of our translations are woefully out of date and we don't have any staff who even look at them these days so this is something that we badly badly need to improve on because at the moment it's really like we kind of pretend to do translations but we don't really and it's very sad. One of the things I'm starting up with a few of my colleagues is I'm doing a research project at the moment to kind of look like as I mentioned earlier we're moving towards this MDN as structured data in GitHub. And we're currently doing a project where we're researching what would be the best way to do localization in that new world of MDN. So I'm afraid I haven't really got a better answer for you at the moment. It's something we badly need to improve on. Yeah maybe like if you're halfway up the mountain you'll still see the rest of the top but if you're at the bottom anybody who is half up the mountain knows a lot more than you do. Yes I guess it's just I mean what ideally what I'd like to do is I'd like to employ like a community manager for each locale and get them to handle the community that would help with that and keep it moving but we just don't have the staff for that at the moment it's a real shame. And yeah, I don't know. But yeah I mean if you want some more information about localization I mean we're pretty much out of time now but my email address is on the OpenJS Foundation issue so feel free to drop me a line about this and the other things we've talked about and that goes for anybody else as well. Feel free to throw more questions at me offline or tweet me about them or fill your feedback in on the doc I've provided so. I will fill out the form. I have to go on too. Thank you for your time. Cool yeah thank you very much folks for coming and yeah I do appreciate you attending and I should hopefully see you soon somewhere on the web. Yep. Thank you Chris. All right thanks a lot. Thanks for having me.


Hello everybody, today we're going to talk about twisting during your push-ups. So twisting can occur at the hips generally or at the shoulders as well. And the fix is kind of similar for both of them. So what does it look like if I'm doing my push-up, you might see one hip a little bit lower than the other one like this. So if I let my left hip fall down, I feel my right inner thigh a lot more, my right ab a lot more. I think I'm holding on to those because I don't have the opposite muscles, right? So this can be a very normal position that we see. You might also see just kind of the shoulders twisting a little bit. And that can be related to the stiffness that you have in the shoulders or the movement that you have in the shoulder blade. Fixes like very detailed fixes for this are just that they're very detailed. They can be very complicated and it's very dependent on how you present. I don't think it's feasible to go through that in a video on YouTube, but I will say that there are some modifications that kind of work across the board. So to allow yourself to keep doing push-ups and doing them in a way that's not going to adversely affect you, you have to find a way to objectively evaluate this first and foremost. Film yourself or have someone watch you and look for what you see. So basically, if my hips are turning, I have to turn them back and hang onto that while I do my push-up. So as you come down, it increases the demand of the exercise. So you may need to re-queue yourself once you get to the bottom. If you're twisted at the top like this, you can untwist and you come down. So you might be twisted again, so you have to untwist and see what it feels like. As my hips twist, everything in my upper body has to follow suit or has to compensate so that I don't fall over. So you'll feel different pressures in your upper body because of that. If I have one arm, this is a good transition into the upper body stuff. So let's say my left shoulder is really stiff, but my right shoulder moves a lot. So as I come down, I don't want to turn into my left shoulder. So I'll try to keep my weight over on my right side and I'll open up towards my left shoulder so it doesn't have to move so much, like this. Now I'm exaggerating it a little bit so you can see it, but that position might feel totally normal to you, but if you look at it objectively on camera, it looks weird, it looks wrong, right? So this one is a hard one. The twisting stuff is hard because what feels normal is not necessarily correct. And when you do correct it, it feels so wrong. So it's hard to maintain it. You have to say, okay, well objectively that looks better so I have to keep doing it. No other way to convince yourself. Cool. We talked about shoulder stiffness in the turning. So now I don't want you to turn. That's the basic cue. I need to make sure your tires stay straight on the road going forward and your headlights stay pointed with them. That's hip and shoulder position respectively. As I go through this though, you might notice different weaknesses. So when I did the shoulder turn, I was loading my right arm a lot. And if my right arm is stronger, then it'll be fine. But if I start to shift, then I reorient myself in the middle here. I'm going to take these off. Reorient myself in the middle. I start to load my left arm more and it might not be able to keep up. And so when it tires out, I'm just going to go back to what I know. I'm going to go back to that twist, to that loading of the right arm. Now I don't want to do that because what I'm trying to do is train the right pattern. I don't want to just train a general pushing pattern. However I can do it, I want to encourage my body to develop endurance in the right positions so that I can continue to exercise without wearing myself down so much. My, you know, not my muscles down, my joints, my ligaments, that kinds of stuff. So I need to be cognizant of how much volume of training I'm doing. How much weight I'm doing. I may need to not do pushups from the ground. I may need to elevate my hands on a bench or on a barbell and a power rack. It's a good way to reduce the load but keep the position. I can keep training my ab position and I can keep queuing my joint rotation stuff so that that's correct. But I decrease some of the intensity of the exercise so that I can find a way to train myself in the right positions. So big modification, lower the weight, okay? I wanted to give you the long explanation because it's hard for the ego to accept that sometimes. But it's okay. Look at it very objectively and that's a good way to convince yourself. Trust me. Second other way is outside of just reducing the intensity demands by maybe bringing my hands up to a wall, I can also reduce the range of motion demands. And sometimes this might be particularly important. I think that's going to be less important for a hip rotation kind of thing. That's more about the motor control of what's going on. Some people though have a lot of guarding. Maybe they had a previous shoulder injury. They got a lot of guarding around one of their shoulders and it doesn't move that much. And so if I try to come all the way down to the ground like this, there's nothing I can do but twist because one of my shoulders has run out of motion. Okay? So in that case, I need to not go all the way down, right? I need to maybe stop with my arms 90 degrees and that is just a normal for me. That is my normal range of motion. So consider that. Again, that's another one that's kind of hard for the ego to accept. So watch it. Pay attention to how you feel. If it feels like you're twisting, maybe don't go quite as low. Maybe in a month you can go a little bit lower. Try again. Sometimes that stuff loosens up. Sometimes you need dedicated mobility work and maybe physical therapy. So consider looking into that. That's not stuff we can get into today. Hopefully that was helpful. That was twisting during your push-up.


Hello boys and girls, we are at a track day. Yes, finally after over a year actually It's been over a year since my car broke down over at the autobahn and Today we are at gingerman in Michigan and It is 730 a.m. Over here and it's 35 degrees and it's wet, but it's supposed to be 48 a high of 48 and it's not supposed to rain anymore. So It may take a session maybe less for the track to dry up And there's a few cars coming got a lot of friends over here, too. And it's And it's still dark. This is funny. Let me show you the track is somewhere there. I Actually been to this track once before Which was about I Say maybe 12 years ago. So why I still kind of remember the track, but it's it's it's probably gonna come back to me quick All right. See you in the daylight All right guys about to get going 46 degrees going through a quick inspection And it's the first session Morning Color band hidden down there somewhere This is what I got a little hot of the first second. Oh, that just says you paid to get here What are you from them when you get back in visit the eight and a half building and get a run group man Okay, guys, it'll be like a multi-color confetti looking band. Okay, cool All right guys so that was a The track is wet As you saw as soon as I came close to the throttle Just go on sideways Braking I mean, I don't know the track. I mean 12 years ago, you know It's been a while. Anyways, let's let's see some cars. So this is the Parking lot all the way there a lot of cars there, but let's see what's what's over here Easy timing belt or change up I Guys this is after one session the driver's side cylinder head catch goodness is full Check this out this is full and That actually started coming out this filter and I have a little bit of oil right there Dripping clearly there's a problem This happened Nothing's broken. Well these clips. I'm sure are broken. I'm gonna try and pop this back in I guess not sure what happened Maybe I pushed it too far. I Mean I went sideways plenty of times, but never so quickly I don't know. So this is what it looks like now like it never happened Now we're having a break. I'm gonna go out to the next session and take it easy See what's what maybe my diff locked up. That's what I'm thinking and it was weird once I came back onto the track and I was taking that First or the last right the second last Right before the straightaway It's it got very very slippery on me. I wasn't even on the throttle and just went sideways and So I'm thinking two options maybe because the Front left and rear left tires were still covered with sand, you know, muddy And or or both the rear diff is like enough. There's something maybe going on or I can't hear Can hear it's Knocking or anything Seems to be just fine. I don't know. We'll see Guys as you saw these guys are crazy They're pretty good with what I'm saying And I got a problem. There's a lot of oil Right in this area over here I already cleaned this up This catch can was full again only this one this one a tiny bit maybe a Quarter on the bottom So same thing with this one Drep an oil, you know, it's coming from this filter. I Would love to connect the hose Do another can over here so I can have a bigger capacity Everybody here says that it's normal. It probably is it is I am running what 55% E85 or ethanol I should say and but it's weird to me that it's only this catch can that's catching all the oil or the ethanol Not the others. That's that's that's weird to me Anyways, I'm gonna give it a rest. This is the fifth run right now.  I Guess nobody cares look at this guy the Mustang. I didn't even see this He's out of the car. They got help coming and they stopped everybody red flag So two accidents in one day ouch Can't locate the Corvette so a Corvette in the Mustang Got all quiet all of a sudden. Okay guys It's over. They cut the day short because of the accident and it's still out there They're gonna tow it later. So we had five runs instead of six. I Could not locate the red Corvette anyways. I'm waiting on my buddies here to pack up and Going back home All right guys next day Back at the garage now The issue the oil issue the overfilling of the catch can Like I said, not sure why but let me show you How oily it is so it wasn't just basically overfilling and coming out this filter and coming down this way and It got as far as well got as far as onto the track, you know dripping here and there That's why I did not go It was what the fifth session Which I was going to go again on the last and the sixth session, but they cancelled it because of the accident and During the break or the cleanup I actually went and Filled it up with 93 and I wanted to see if I'm gonna have the the same effect, but that didn't happen anyways, you can see how that you know everything that's shiny to you that's Covered with oil down all the way down to the frame down there. So And you can see there on those Rubber pipes there Decided not to go on the track and that's the session where the red Corvette crashed and then the Mustang and I was lucky as You saw I lost it. It was quick too. It was Turn six, I don't remember anyways Usually it's it's it's kind of easy to Come out of these slides in the all-wheel-drive car, but this time it was just it was quick It was almost as if the rear diff locked up, but I think I know what the problem was and On my way back home it started it was a bunch of us coming back and You know, we did the do a pull once just once against the the blue 05 Subaru just to see the power difference and I think it was in fourth gear and the car was my car was just going trying to go sideways going straight and I'm gonna raise this car up and I'm gonna show you why See this brand-new lower ball joint all nice and shiny This one is not so shiny. I Replaced this ball joint. I had a little bit of play two days before the track and I didn't bother with alignment it drove straight the steering wheel is Tilted slightly to the left so it did not have any effect going slow, you know 40 50 whatever But that's why this car was pretty much dancing Especially braking tool and these air ducts. I gotta say these are holding up just just fine. Nothing is going on bad With those got a little drip on the filter not tight enough probably and yeah, these tires are old man These tires are 10 years old. I think You can see actually now how this tire is wearing out differently See this light You can see right here.  So yeah, so Just from looking, you know when the car sits down Just from looking up to the on the bottom of it like this like so and trying to compare Basically you're looking for toe and toe out It looks to me like just eyeballing it that it's toe out this This wheel is out this way a tidy more. So what I intend to do I'm gonna somehow measure the distance between the two tires from here to the other wheel and From here to here see what the difference is and adjust this Toe adjustment right here. Everything else is good besides the alignment No old tires. These are the bridge stone Potenza 050 RE 050 So that's probably why under the very the first and second session my braking was just off I was just going sideways Couldn't couldn't wasn't wasn't stable enough to to push the car Later on when I when it got dry third and fourth session It was a little better But then I lost it The bumper came out that just popped right in I still have I got to clean this car It's it's it's filthy on the inside. I still got dirt on the inside from the spin Like I said, I was lucky The other guys weren't the Corvette. I Just as I was filming during the fourth session. That was that was my group going around the red Corvette coming out of turn 11 the last turn after after that straightaway just lasted coming out spin hit the guard rail on the left and He probably should have parked it He in instead he he lost parts right there. I was I was trying to have the people I talked to some of the people that If they just out of curiosity if they saw me waving half of them did half of them didn't You know tunnel vision for you But yeah, I was trying I was standing right there for the whole time and you know trying to make sure nobody hit That's a plastic part. So I'm glad nobody hit it actually Then the Corvette Went around well, he couldn't exit the course because he just passed turn 11 that's when you exit and so he kept going around and He lost more parts and Another straightaway kind well, it's not a straightaway, but it is kind of a straight with the left turn It's an incline. It's you can't really see what's over on the other side of the track as you're going Kind of a little bit. It's it's kind of scary. You gotta, you know have some balls to If you want to go through there fast So I think it was a aluminum pipe that the Corvette lost after that I think he parked it somewhere on the grass because I did not see the Corvette on the parking lot Anywhere and somebody told me that he saw the Corvette summer. I never went out again. So I didn't see so as they were On turn five that fast left The Mustang got a wave an okay from somebody in front to pass him. He started to pass him That's when he saw that metal pipe Something something big shiny probably. He saw it on the track tried to avoid it Put two wheels on the grass and just just went his whole right side of the car Just destroyed just smashed all of it Airbags went off The front left also was destroyed probably totaled. I Talked to the guy. He's okay. He hurt his left knee just a little bit nothing serious, and that's it You know, we do have safe cars nowadays straight out of the factory, but I should be driving around with a Harness and some kind of a racing seat. I plan to do that soon sooner or later Now I do have pictures of the Mustang I was gonna show him but out of respect for the guy I'm not going to but me not going out there during the fourth session got some great footage of the cars just flying I mean these guys in advanced They're good. I should have went maybe to intermediate High level because there were two levels of intermediate. You know, I was there once Way long long time ago didn't remember the track and you know out of alignment being out of alignment It's not great. And I was just checking Play on both front wheels. I Got no play in the front right. I had play there from the ball joint before now I do have play in this one go and Move in grabbing the wheel the tire here and here with with two hands and moving it Back and forth and I have I think I have play on the wheel bearing so now I got to replace the The wheel hub it's on four bolts. If you want me to make a video on it. Let me know in the Comments this left side wheel was also moving as I was cornering cornering or breaking slightly back and forth Something to do. Yay All right guys, I think what I'm gonna do now is obviously replace that wheel hub Do an alignment clean it? Quite possibly install a racing seat and some harness Maybe some camera mounts as well here and there and I would love to do a Not nothing big some kind of a splitter in the front removable so I can actually take it with me to the track and install it I On the track and maybe a diffuser in the back because this factory one is Probably not doing much. Oh, yeah, and the oil catch can issue Easiest way to go around that is just to install a bigger catch can or an extra one run it I was actually walking around the track asking people for a 3-8s hose rubber holes so I can connect and then some kind of a bottle anything and Run a hose from that filter from the oil catch can and run into that extra bottle just add some capacity But nobody had a hose like that. So yeah, all right guys.


Welcome back, it's still the breakfast on PlusCVAfrica, Central Bank of Nigeria on Tuesday raised its benchmark lending rate to 16.5%. This is in a sustained push to control inflation and ease the pressure on the Naira, which has been through a lot in recent time. CBN governor, Governor Nehmeh Filet made this note at the end of the Monetary Policy Committee meeting, the statutory monetary policy committee meeting that held in Abuja. The CBN said the previous increases were beginning to yield results and that there was a need to keep tightening, tightened by 100 basis points. Nehmeh Filet announced that the committee also retained the cash reserve ratio at 32.5% and voted to retain the asymmetric corridor at plus 100 and minus 700 basis points around the NPR. The liquidity ratio was retained at 30%. Cash reserve ratio is a share of a bank's total customer deposits that must be kept with the Central Bank in the form of liquid cash, while the bank's liquidity ratio is the proportion of deposits or deposits rather and other assets that they must maintain to be able to meet short-term obligations and what does this lending rate increase mean for Nigeria's economy. I'm glad to say we have joining us this morning to discuss these two wonderful individuals. Mukhtar Mohamed is our first guest. He is a financial analyst and chief executive officer. He joins us live for our Zoom in Lagos. Mukhtar, good morning to you. Thank you very much for your time. Thank you. Good morning. All right. All right. We'll also be joined later by Shagun Shopiton, who is the principal partner at Woodbridge and Scott Consulting Lagos. Well, let's start with you, Mukhtar. Did you expect, you know, were you surprised that there was more tightening by the MPC? I thought with the result they've gotten, we could just maintain the rate because we've seen that in July inflation was a month, a month and month was about 1.82, and that October we've done inflation was doing 1.24. I thought that was a very good result. I thought they were going to maintain it. But I think they looked at the festivity period that we are going into also to come to this decision because there will be a lot of spending during this festivity period. So if they are not able to raise the rates at this time, that means all the game that they have achieved over the months could be eroded, and I think that's why they did that. And also, we must not forget the global inflationary pressures all over and it's also a challenge to the financial market globally. And we also know that the Russian-Ukrainian war is still up and ongoing. There's not been any peace talk there. And again, we are beginning to hear from China, zero COVID policy of China, and they may shut down also in some of the Chinese factories. So all these are going to play out going forward. So I think that's why the rates, you remember, every other variable is left untouched. But only just the rate that was high. So definitely, I think they are looking at the result that they have been able to achieve thus far over the months and thinking that with risk, I would come also on that positivity, even if you look at that, by and by the manufacturers or those that have collected loans from the bank, it's not so much of a good news for them. Interesting. Indeed, let's look at the complaints by the manufacturers industrially. It's saying that there will be an increase in the amount of bad debts by those in that sector. And it's going to cause a shutdown of some of the industries you have in the country. How is this so? Well, I think it's true. But when I go for a shutdown, I don't know about that yet. But I think when you look at the cost of borrowing, we go up and the manufacturers are suffering a lot of challenges. They still have the power issues are still there. They still have high costs of gas also to power their plant are still there. There's also the economic micro economic instability whereby a lot of Nigeria cannot afford their goods any longer like before because of the any power of Nigeria has not increased. That's why the purchasing power of Nigeria has not increased. That's why the price has gone up. So I think they are looking at that. I agree with that. It might cause job losses because when you look at that, you begin to look at how can you reduce your overhead costs? And that could also result in job losses. But again, you are dealing with a monster called inflation and globally. And that has been a trend. If you look at the 20 largest economy in the world, I mean, particularly of them have a hike week, this period with the exception from Turkey, China and Turkey, China, all of that economy have a risk hike. I mean, and Russia also have a rise and raise their rates. So when you look at that, you realize that it's a global trend and Nigeria would not be left. But the only problem I have is that when you see this risk hike in these countries, you already see that the government also come in to do some other physical side to reduce the burden on the people. But in this side, the physical side seems to be non-existent. So what we are saying is monetary policy alone. Monetary policy alone will not give us the kind of result that we desire. And again, when you look at other economies that have raised this rate, this period, you realize that it's all the risk hike. Only in Mexico, Brazil, I mean, has benefited from the risk hike. All other economies in the world, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan, all other are still trading in the negative despite this risk hike. So definitely, it calls for concern. And knowing that for the first time in two decade, Nigeria have a risk hike by 2,500 basic points. It also calls for concern. And it's only Ghana that have had 1,000 big points in the world that have raised that risk rate more than us. Also, we, Nigeria, Poland, and Egypt have raised their rate by over 500%. You know, whilst, you know, the normal thing would be that, okay, raising interest rates helps fight inflation, I mean, the current inflation figures, I think from October, quite, quite high. A 17-year high of 21.09% amidst skyrocketing food and petrol prices. I was telling our viewers yesterday that I bought a loaf of bread, a normal sliced bread somewhere on Victoria Island for 1,000 naira. Gone are days when we could buy sliced bread for 300 naira or even 400 naira. How times have changed? 1,000 naira, I believe, in Muqtah or not. So some would say maybe this isn't working.  Some would say probably it's time to just allow people to spend more and boost, you know, confidence in the economy and try a different approach. I think it's apparently very difficult to look at that. That's what I say, that's the physical side that will have to do that, not the monetary side. You look at other economic measures, give an example of the UK and the US. What they've done is that they've seen that the burden on the people with this race hike could be very tough for them. And what the government have done on their part is to come up with policy that will cushion this effect of race hike, especially in the UK. You see, they are looking at the energy side of it, especially because it's winter. In the US also, they are looking at that. Also, they are looking at appropriate food in the house, in households which income are less than $50,000 per annum. So those are the physical side. So the monetary side will always do when you talk about this cushion, by putting no more money in the hands of people. I think it has to do with the physical side coming up with policy. But unfortunately, I think, like I said, energy and the physical side seems to be non-existence because the government has taken the backseat thus far because of election. And so there seems to be nothing about it. Maybe they don't even look at the figure or the inflationary figure that's happening all around. So I think for me, that's the challenge. The monetary side will always do what they have to do. It's not there for the physical side. The physical side are the people that will need to deal with their citizens and say, look, we need to deal with this burden on our citizens. We need to do this. We need to do that. We need to reduce taxes. We need to look at these businesses that have great employment. We need to see, OK, can we help this business? Look, how can we help this business and go? All that has to do with the monetary side. But in Nigeria, I think it seems to be non-existent. All right. So apart from the interest rate, the cash reserve ratio has also been increased. And it's not the first time. As you've been done earlier this year, increasing the CRR to a minimum of 30 to 2.5 percent, there's just been trying to mop up liquidity. But we still keep seeing that inflation keeps piting harder and harder in Nigeria. Mukta, maybe this isn't working. It's working. It's working. Like I said, if you look at July month to month, we're at 1.28. Today, we're at 1.42. So you could see that they've been a reduction. And that's why they are including the rate especially because of the festivity period. We can't say it's not working. But you know, inflation is not something you begin to see the result immediately. Like the first half of next year, who could also have this challenge also? Because you remember, again, we are still dealing with the insecurity challenges. By next year, we begin to see the impact of the flooding that has happened in a major part of Nigeria also in the government. So you might not see a decrease in terms of inflation. A rapid decrease in terms of inflation. But with time, when you begin to put up these measures, you begin to remember that this thing didn't just come overnight. So definitely reducing the inflation figure will not just happen overnight. You need to be coming up with the policy. But like I said, my only challenge is that the multi-policy seems to be the only one doing everything. And so if you don't get the physical side involved, you will not see the kind of result that you've been seeing in other economy in the world. If you look at the UK, they are very, they have a high trade. But yet, the last time you have the 40 years, the highest figure for 40 years in terms of inflation is not because it's not working. Month to month is working. But when you look at the year, compared to this year to last year, you realize that there's still a long way to go. But you can't say it's not working. I think it's working. But again, Nigerians wants to have a food on their table. And that is the challenge why the Nigerians seem not to be working that fast is because we have a major constraint which has to do with the exchange rate volatility, knowing that about 80% of what we consume imported into this country. So that, again, is a problem. And CBN have a shiny way of addressing the exchange rate volatility. There seems to be no idea on how to close the gap that is being taken care of by the Birode change until they close that gap and create the market for those that patronize the Birode change to be able to get effects seamlessly. We'll continue to have that volatility. And once that volatility comes, most of the people that have products that import product into this country do not wait for the ban because the process of getting effects from the bank is so long and when you're in business, it's all about time. So all those are challenges that CBN need to address. They're able to address that. We could see a drastic reduction in terms of inflationary. But as long as we have the volatility, we won't be able to see that. And again, not to forget that we are not even, most of our goods come from China and China is beginning to grapple with COVID pandemic also. So that could also increase inflationary figure going forward in the long term. So interesting that you went to the next question which is looking at the exchange rate. Does this tightening of the interest rates and even the CRR, does it have any impact on the exchange rate? Ordinarily, it should have impact because NAMI will have foreign portfolio investors that will be moving from the equity market to the fixed income market. And so NAMI will be able to come in with effects into the economy and that will be able to address the supply side. But we are not seeing that even if we've got a positive response that foreign investors are beginning to come into the country now. But the impact is not yet felt yet. Know that they are also having their own challenges in their own countries also soon. Definitely you would have seen that but unfortunately it's not happening yet because of the volatility that we just talked about. The difference between the parallel and the official import export window is too wide. And so every investors want to have value for their money. So most of them will prefer going to the parallel market and come into the import export window. And the CBN will not allow that to happen because that will also create hike in the parallel market and that difference is wider. So definitely I think in the short term we are not seeing that because we are not getting the supply angle. And remember that NNPC also have no redeem anything into the federation account. That's also a big challenge for the government. So our foreign reserve is still hovering between 39 to 40 billion dollars. So definitely it's not helping us. It wasn't too long ago Nigeria moved to that import export or investors and exporters windows or some will call it. And one would have expected that this would have because it was meant to bring together give Nigeria a sense of having one exchange rate. But we still see the parallel market holding in this way. You've talked about the difficulties in accessing the effects from the banks. What does the CBN need to do? Because the World Bank in its recent report on Nigeria has said that we need to have the CBN rein in this exchange rate volatility, like you said, and have one single exchange rate. How can this be achieved? We've seen several things being done by the central bank of Nigeria, including in the cutting trees where the malams stay to exchange money in Abuja. So they'll have no shade, you know, and then all that to start. And we've seen CBDCs rather being raided recently. What does the CBN need to do to make sure we have a one unified exchange rate? We are in Nigeria and I think the cutting of the trees from Malang not to have shade would have really reserved because remember that the exchange rate was about 900. Maybe after that cutting of that tree, it went to as low as 680, even if not going to 770. And maybe the continuous cutting of the tree will bring it to 200 like the EFCC chairman have said. But that's also, you know, I think the CBN have tried as much as they can. But the problem is you must bring that supply. You must reduce that supply gap. And that's what the change have been able to do for people. It's not because the Birode change does so much of the exchange. If you look at what you get from the official window and what you think you have in the Birode change, you realize that the official window do more than the Birode change. But the challenge has just been that in the official window, the bureaucracy involving getting those efforts and the time factor comparable to the Birode change. And like I said, I think the IMF or World Bank report is what we have been clamoring for. Thus far, why can't you allow the bank also to bridge that gap on the Birode change? Why can't you have a Birode change seat in the bank where I can work in there and do my exchange like it's done in other developed nations and my details and everything is taken? So I think that is what the CBN should be doing. I don't know why they don't want to give the bank that opportunity to begin to act as also a Birode change like what you have in the Birode change like it's done in every developed country in the world. And again, you might realize that some of these bankers even have FS offshore. So when you create that window for them, they might begin to bring back their FS into the market to be able to meet demands for their customers. That could also be a means of increasing their bottom line also. So I think I don't know why the CBN is shining away from doing that.  And I keep saying that because we have made it so lucrative for them, and I'm sure if you call somebody in IO, I want to know the price of what they exchange with. They will tell you, let me call one a book here. Let me go to one website. Instead, ordinarily, they are supposed to go to the CBN website. That's what they say, oh, what is the CBN website? What's the banking website saying to release? That's supposed to be the true reflection of the value of our exchange rate. But unfortunately, we have allowed the Brody change to have their way for so long that I remember at the point where we're giving them 200 million every week and yet they keep on exchanging at an extraordinary differences and nobody did anything about it. So by the time the CBN woke up to do everything about it, it's more or less like corruption fighting back and definitely we've seen the race icon. People are still speculating that the rate will get to 900 million. Maybe we need to send Maru out there so he can fix things, I don't know. But very quickly, do you expect the Naira to read the newly designed Naira to help the situation in terms of bumping up liquidity, reducing liquidity and ultimately strengthening the Naira, reducing inflation as well? Yes, I expect it to happen, you know, because most of the Naira that are chasing the dollar that makes the dollar to the Naira is going to go, these are not in the banking space. I can tell you, most of this money are gotten through illegal means, maybe through boundary free, through corruption or through terrorism. So once you have them inside the banking box that like the CBN governor said that there will be a reduction in the 500 to 1000 Naira, no, so all those will help bump up liquidity. And once the demand side of the dollar goes down because what we are saying now, a lot of Nigerians that have gotten this Naira through illegal means are beginning to take it to exchange for dollar because they don't want to lose their Naira on. Unfortunately, the AFCC and the CBN also come up with policies that are going to help. Maybe that's the only way that you see that and come down because most time now you realize that the security change would not want to collect this money because they have to do KYC and then you have to watch how much you collected, where did you collect it from there? So from who did you collect it from or why are you bringing such a huge fund into the banking space that could help in the short term. But like I've already said, the problem with Nigeria has not been that we are not able to reduce the gap. Remember that at the point we went as far as 500 before we got to 360, we stayed in 360 for about two years before the COVID-19 and now the Russian-Ukrainian world brought us down to where we are today. So definitely the problem is once we bring these differences coming down, are we able to maintain it? And the only way we can maintain it is to begin to create other stream of income into our economy. You see, you quoted the parallel rate there. I think maybe that's another issue where we're always looking at the parallel rate, not the official rates, maybe that's another issue. But anyway, you make more money with it. You make more money, the parallel rate and the official rate. Absolutely, absolutely. I mean, you and I will always want to go to the street to change because we'll make more money from that. That's an issue. But thank you so much. It's great to have you Mukta Muhammad financial analyst on the breakfast this morning. Thank you. Have a great day. Okay. And of course, old ticket break. When we come back, we're looking at the National Assembly approving a new bill. It was called the Education Bank Bill, which is meant to give student laws. Is this going to work? We'll discuss that when we come back. Stay with us.