Good afternoon. My name is Yongjun Song. I'm school head of industry engineering and it's my great pleasure to introduce Dr. David Johnson As many of you may know I joined the Purdue last June and that David was our at that time assistant professor the first Professor assistant professor whom I work to To help and then work to for his promotion here By the way, I joined from University of Arizona Which is a number two basketball team today to number one basketball team Purdue here. Okay, so I Need to mention that okay so David he's our associate professor in industry engineering and political science and he also has a courtesy appointment in civil engineering and Of course when I joined the Purdue I Need to meet with the every you know single professor to learn, you know what they are doing and I Was a truly amazed right the impactful work that the David is doing so if you visit a State of Louisiana Website today you will see the risk assess model of the I mean Louisiana You know that has a lot of the flood and so on and that is Preparation of the adults, you know the the flood for next, you know, the 20 30 years is a very important and There is a risk model that was led Okay by David's team and which impacts over 50 billion not million 50 billion dollars next year 30 years and that's the kind of the impactful work that David is doing and David received a lot of the words including NSF career world and also he's a Outstanding teacher. He received your tool outstanding teaching words from the College of Engineering So let's listen to more about the David. Okay, let's welcome David. All right. Thank you, son I appreciate the introduction and thank you all for being here. I appreciate it I Took kind of a non traditional path to get here. And so I thought I would just kind of talk about How I ended up here in this room today rather than really talking as much on my research But before I jump into it, I do want to acknowledge My wife is here my cats who are not here, but I wouldn't be here without them Certainly in the sacrifices that they have made our cat near cat Who passed away in January, but we had her for 18 years So she has been along the entire journey as well And then the two rascals on the right are Recent acquisitions in the last few months And truth be told only one of them is a rascal The other one is a total sweetheart, but the the one on top of the couch is the reason I have some scratches on my arms at the moment So they've been tremendously helpful in getting me here today So wanted to acknowledge them as well as my students who I believe I got a Found a picture of everyone of every one of them except for one Who was an undergrad that worked with me as well, but have had a lot of students over the years Some of whom are here today as well. I hinted that there would be food and an opportunity to hear me tell stories that I've told them before but They are just fantastic And a joy to work with and I think one of the real reasons why I'm here in academia as opposed to Doing what I had been doing before in academia. So I'll talk a little bit about that and kind of my my path But also want to acknowledge that I have a lot of colleagues that I collaborate with a lot of mentors These are mostly on the mentors list of people that I can talk to and feel like I learned something new every time that I talked to them Just here at Purdue in a whole wealth of different departments They should note, you know some of the students that I've worked with in the past have come Supervised an ag econ student supervised a civil engineering student on the right So it's not all just within industrial engineering and political science And so the connections that I've made have been just extremely valuable And I'm very thankful for all of the folks here and probably the folks that I've forgotten unfortunately But I've been really really fortunate And have also had a lot of mentors elsewhere Including Sandy power at NC State who first sold me on math and Got me to you know think about grad school and so on and others that I still collaborate with today, so In terms of my background, I started out graduated high school in 1999 my mom was a high school math teacher at this school and then another and so she had a lot of old math competition questions just Sitting around and so when I was in school and in high school I would sit in the back of the class regardless of which class it was and just do math problems For fun. She kind of really inspired the love of math for me and these competition problems are you know problems that have Oftentimes sort of a brute force solution and then there's also a trick There's some sort of a beautiful elegant solution to them If you can see it that gives you a great shortcut And I think that's really what got me hooked on doing math Was being able to see those types of like really elegant beautiful solutions to things that are unexpected And that is kind of carried on to what I try and pursue in my own research where now there's not a clever elegant solution to every problem that I work on But I still enjoyed looking for that and trying to find the beauty in the work that I'm doing so I ended up going to NC State and got a bachelor's in math and Met my wife there. We started dating the first weekend of freshman year and now I've been together coming up on our 20th anniversary in January so Graduated from NC State after doing math there Thought that I would get a PhD in math, but I had no idea what Subfield within math. I was interested in I did some research In both math and astrophysics and a tribology physics lab as well and kind of learned that I wasn't going to be an experimentalist I was more just a math major who also liked physics and and Really didn't know exactly what I wanted to do next and so I took a year Worked as a software developer While trying to think about that and then ended up Deciding to go to Cambridge to do a masters in math So that I could have a lot more courses and see what grabbed me and figure out Okay, what do I want to do the PhD in math and by the time I Graduated at Cambridge. I thought I was going to take some time and then do a PhD in Chinese studies instead Which was unexpected Ultimately, I decided against that and again didn't know exactly what I wanted to do next We moved back to the US right around the time of hurricane Katrina in 2005 Didn't have plans and so we ended up moving down to Houston To help with some of the relief efforts there My wife ended up doing an AmeriCorps Vista stent for two years and I ended up working at McKinsey and company where I was doing private management consulting and Had a kind of kindred spirit there that I was working on an engagement in New Hampshire in the dead of winter for four months and I think we were both a little bit disgruntled with the work I enjoyed kind of the creative problem-solving of management consulting but Just wasn't working on the types of problems that I was most interested in I was very interested in trying to kind of use the math skills that I had to have some sort of a real-world impact and Was more interested in kind of public sector social impact than private sector corporate impacts So I ended up quitting my job at McKinsey to start a music company music website That I worked on for a number of years until eventually working on a PhD became to time consuming to keep up with the website and so that was when I ended up at Rand and my colleague at McKinsey was a graduate of the policy program at the Rand Graduate School He knew that I was interested in a wide range of different things and that I was more wanting to do public sector work And so he told me about policy analysis and I thought isn't that just politics? He's like no, no Policy and politics are totally different. You would be great with policy analysis. You'll love it and So as I was evaluating grad schools again thinking about what I would eventually do a PhD in I applied to eight or nine different schools and five different fields and Because again, I'm just easily distracted by like intellectual shiny objects or easily convinced that things are interesting and When I went to visit Rand it just Felt like home that this was going to be a place where I could work on a PhD but also be making a real difference in the world at the same time instead of disappearing for five years and coming back with a dissertation that someone outside of your committee might read eventually, but You never quite know One of the degree requirements at Rand for the policy program there is that you have to have 300 days of billable time working like any other researcher at Rand and so That introduced me to a lot of the different research areas that I'm still working in today I ended up staying at Rand. They kind of made an exception just like academia They don't typically hire their own but I ended up staying at Rand working as a mathematician for a couple of years and then was invited to apply for a position at Purdue for the building sustainable communities cluster hire and this was a group of faculty lines across three different colleges that are people who look at Community resilience and sustainability issues from a very multidisciplinary perspective and When I had been on the job market after finishing my PhD one of the reasons I didn't jump into academia at the time was because I didn't find any Postings that were quite broad enough to encompass all of the things that I wanted to be working on and this cluster hire finally Did have all of those kind of qualities to it And so I thought if I'm going to jump into academia, then this is the time to do it This is going to be the perfect posting. I'm not going to find something as Unique as that cluster hire and and I'm just so glad that I ended up doing it. I've really been enjoying my time here It's been great. So I Can talk a little bit about some of the work that I got turned on to at Rand that I'm still working on today Including what son mentioned. I do flood risk modeling for the Louisiana State government Have gotten involved in some projects in Texas as well and collaborations with people elsewhere across the country I developed a greenhouse gas emissions model for biofuels feedstocks for DOE and That has led into a lot of work here collaborating with people in ag econ at Purdue as well as hydrologists and crop scientists at other institutions looking at sustainable agriculture and Looking at also kind of biofuels and renewable energy systems and Then did some work with the El Dorado irrigation district in northern, California working on water scarcity management under climate change and When I was trying to think about my tenure Package and kind of what my trajectory would be like in academia. I was thinking like am I going to have to give some Of these up to really focus Or can I still have a really broad portfolio if I can think of kind of an underlying theme behind all of it? and an understanding of why I'm interested in working in all of these different things Given that they take totally different methods different skill sets you know different topical knowledge and Really I sort of realize that what really interests me is just kind of long-range planning for risk management in the environmental policy space and Thinking about better ways that we can both assess risk as well as make better decisions about how to manage it and and so that's kind of the banner that I work under and Look at how do we cope with uncertainty about future conditions trade-offs between different objectives? and then most recently I've gotten really interested and Equity implications of the work that I'm doing how to incorporate equity into the evaluation of projects for risk mitigation And the state in Louisiana incorporated some of that work into their latest coastal master plan And so I'm really excited Unfortunate to be working with policy makers and officials that really value some of the same things that I do and Are interested in pushing the boundaries of science? Directly into policy and so I was just tremendously in the right place at the right time to kind of get started on this trajectory and And so what I've kind of taken away from it That I would share is that for people kind of seeking tenure Especially if you have really broad interests like mine, and you know don't compromise on a good fit don't just take a position because They want to hire you and if it's not going to be a good fit then You're not going to be happy with the position You're not going to be as successful as you might be if you feel like you have to put yourself in a box that you don't want to be in So don't compromise on that. That was one thing that I was just thrilled when I was interviewing here You know I asked hey Is it going to be a problem if I spend a lot of time writing publications that end up in the gray literature? You know if I'm publishing something in a 300 page technical appendix to a state government report Rather than journalifying everything. Is that okay? And they said well, that's great Concrete evidence, you know of the impact of your work that if a state government is publishing it themselves That's clear evidence that they value it and are using it And so that was what assured me that it was going to be a good fit I would also say don't be discouraged by failures. I Ended up being either PI or co-PI on I think six NSF proposals before getting one And then I was co-PI on that one brought a few more that got rejected and then in the year before going up for tenure I got a lead PI on an NSF grant looking at seismic risk in Los Angeles Again a new topic for me, but you know Infrastructure risk under natural hazards so similar kind of under undercurrent DoD grants looking at incorporating downscale climate projections into decision-making for defense installations National academies Gulf research program Project on incorporating equity into decision-making for flood risk management and then an NSF career award And so kind of the flood gates eventually opened for all of these things that I'm leading And and so Eventually you'll get there and don't be discouraged and and take risks, you know kind of along those same lines.  As much as your own scholarly identity so With that I'll pause for questions Questions we're very fortunate to have you and I'll get a chance to keep you here the question is At the beginning who actually found you and they invite you for to apply for the job One of my colleagues in the industrial engineering department who went to NC State with us when I was an undergrad Knew what I had been up to at Rand And found out about this cluster and said you should really contact this guy David. He's a friend of mine And I think he would be a perfect fit so That was another coincidence of being in the right place at the right time to kind of find out about the position Yeah, anyone else? They would great talk. Can you talk a little bit about? someone trying to enter policy like From a completely different perspective and I think that probably happened to you when you went to run Maybe I don't know with which stage but how do you approach these stakeholders? How do you think about? Making changes like what are some things that people may not think about right like for example You mentioned the policy analysis was politics, right? There's a big difference which people may not know about can talk a little bit about that Yeah, in terms of just kidding started Like I said, I was kind of in the right place at the right time But have been continuing to try and build other connections as well over the years, so I think what I would recommend is that first You need to just go talk To stakeholders or officials that work in an area that you're interested in and you think that you might have something that you Can contribute but don't go in with a sales pitch, you know It's more of an informational interview trying to connect and trying to understand What are their pain points, you know and what are problems that they have that they Could do better one if they had certain data that doesn't exist or if they Could analyze something that they just don't know how to at this stage and just trying to understand kind of where They feel like there could be improvement in their own work and and then if you feel like okay, yeah I can contribute to that Then look at writing proposals with them and having them on board Look at trying to get some preliminary Results or something that you could show them that is suggestive that you know, maybe there's something that we can work on together but you always have to keep in mind that working on a government client timeline and budget is Different than an academic timeline and budget and those don't always align very well So it's a little bit tricky, but you just have to be really persistent about it Be happy to talk about it more Any last question If not, I needed to mention that the in addition to huge Society society impact that you saw so we have a monthly meeting with our Undergraduate students that happens to be yesterday and you know the engineers design make things and industrial engineer design and make things better and Any type of the systems and so we ask the students that what are the kind of the Problems, okay that you didn't know that you learned and we were talking about you David the kind of impact that you are making to society as well as our student is Huge and looking forward to seeing your continued success next a few years. Okay, so thank you so much. Okay


Parz Influenza Awards 2023 wa nii nii nii nii nii nii nii nii nii Josh Wanda Hai Josh Hai, how you doing? Good thank you, you looking the part, looking dappa Thank you, thank you so much And you are nominated on a category, which category was that, Josh? Fashional influence of the year Aha, but how did it go, how did it go? That was the most interesting competition I've seen in my life and I really loved every bit of it And how did you feel, you know, with some of the people that you are nominated because it was tough All of you guys are looking good at that level I was feeling motivated, it's a new face of my life and it's a new experience I was so excited about it Actually winning this would make me actually literally tear So not winning it is something nice again also because I'm going to come back stronger It's good that you're going to come back stronger Maybe you can tell us your quote It's quite something Tell us a little more about what to make it Were you in the creative process maybe Man, they said it gave me great gaps here and I was like fine So I just showed up looking a bit elegant but I felt a bit of I don't want to be too much but looking a bit just nice and to the point So when I said the input to my designer She felt like she loved me looking like this and I loved it too So that's why I was like this The one and only Melina Melina Gold No, of course Dosh, let's talk about the social life Kito, go to because now the last time we checked you were not single lakini sayi siji kama wuko single, siji maisha inende leage How is it because atu ja elewa Oh, that's a nice one But I feel like the focus is different right now My target is very very different from being into the love life I love love so I expect anything new So at the moment I'm single but searching Oh really? You know Dosh, I saw you talking to your We assume your ex We saw you do that So I'm just wondering how is your relationship like with Ajib right now What am I supposed to say honestly about I don't know How is it? How are you guys doing? Are you guys okay? Man, I wanna appreciate all my fans for nominati I feel like I'd be so arrogant if I never took the chance to appreciate them for whatever they've done to me Actually coming up second before Kate That's a big thing despite whatever you guys wanna hear But Alright guys I mean we are there in laws You know But anyway Dosh, that's good to hear Let us know what else are we expecting from you in terms of content That's a very good one because I'm really working to keep on delivering even better quality content for my people because they keep on motivating me to being the biggest version of myself That is why I really pray so much that the next time we have such an award I wanna be on the same category with Kate who won this time But if I win the next time I'll be like you made me win this time and this one's for you I feel motivated being on the same space with her so it's such a nice experience For sure, it's quite a big deal Alright Dosh, something different maybe Pardon? We used to you in one we'll be seeing something different Growing up I love being in the kitchen so I might be giving you some nice content Ya We'll get done The next junior on batch So probably Alright Dosh, thank you so much We wish you all the very best in the content that you'll be creating and next time you're gonna win you'll take it home For sure, with the help of my fans I know I will Thank you so much Pleasure being here Goodbye


to the next, next level. Could a blind person drive? Well, sometimes on the spur of a moment, when you won't even record the video properly, somebody sends you this video of a person doing that. And the person is basically gating the video using the glasses and hearing the audio description back. In this particular person case, the person are back and going with a friend who was driving. And then he said, you know, why don't I describe myself? So challenging the limits of what you can do. So I hope you're trying to remove one oxymoron at a time, doing it from ordinary to the extraordinary. And.


Hi, everyone. I'm Hamsa. I'm sorry, I wrote this. Yeah. So I was so graphic designer and I used to run a studio called obsessive compulsive designers that did a lot of graphic design studio work. We worked on a lot of grid based stuff, but for print. And my work was always like very like colorful and fun and like you know I always like to kind of use a lot of like visual expression when I'm doing work. So my journey from a graphic designer to a web designer front end developer happened around 2013 when I started taking websites on from my clients and very soon after that by 2013 I realized that I needed to count on developers every step of the way. And that was a bit frustrating for me. So in 2015, I kind of like took all my savings and went to Canada for a boot camp for a coding boot camp which kind of taught me how to code. And so in nine weeks I kind of they made us work like some 16 hours a day like drill CSS HTML to us as well as JavaScript and and I was a better person after that but the reason why it was very impactful for my design process is that I wanted to be able to understand how development works to guide my design process a lot better. So this is a place I studied it's called you know now it used to be called hacker you before. And I've learned some of the best lessons from accessibility practices to code workflows to just keeping things semantic from the school so and then I came back from the boot camp and I came back to India and ever since then I've been working on a lot of content websites and I've been kind of like understanding how my graphic design avatar kind of transforms to the web with every project. And so like grids is a subject that's very dear to me because I used to be a graphic designer and that kind of is the framework of everything we do but back in 2015. There are mostly advertising agencies doing websites but at that point there were no this folk like web design studio so what I realized was that needs to be a voice of design. Also in web design so it was very interesting for me to apply whatever I've learned in graphic design on the web. So one thing I always believe is that whatever content you put on a website. It can't be boilerplate and it can't it's not going to be a one size fits all the same canvas can kind of hold very different things based on how much hierarchy you want to give it and or how much uniformity you want to give it you know so I think the way that you see space kind of transforms when she wins once you see it in a grid. So today our journey is going to be we're going to be talking about why custom grids and not something like bootstrap or something that's already tailor made and available. We're also going to see how to how to think responsibly responsively at the design state itself. What are some of those scalable elements in terms of content that we need to be aware of. We're also going to see step by step how do we define a responsive custom grid and I have like I don't know how much of like I have gone a little bit geeky over here I must admit but maybe once we go I would be happy to introduce it like entertain any questions. Then we're going to look at very quickly these two topics which is after you do all of this the grid system that you make. How do you hand this grid specification off to developers as well as how do you what are some of those small CSS things that I feel designers should kind of be aware of and think in relation with the grid itself. So that's going to be a journey today. Let's start with my custom grids. The 12 column grid that most of the frameworks is frameworks provide. I don't have an issue with that at all because I think 12 columns is good but it's a scaling of the 12 column framework like bootstrap is where the problem arises. And again like I don't think a one size fits all up through which can be taken for a website like this. So when you have like a 12 column approach the fact that this turns to this on this on a smaller laptop and this turns into this on tablet etc. So it's something that is very limiting and the problem with these frameworks is from a code point of view that the more you try to fight with them, the less to the more futile it becomes so it's better to kind of create a grid from scratch and and some of the other. So what constitutes a content website we are not talking about all kinds of website we're talking about a website that pack a lot of content that that needs to be a resilient template to which if you throw any kind of content it should kind of sit and stick So we're talking about blogs news brochure sites and e-commerce sites and all of these things need need to be built with kind of like that resilience that once you it can take whatever content you give it once once you've handled it over to the client that's going to be using it. So how to think responsibly at the design stage. There are some key variables that determine how a grid scales and in my experience so some of those key variables are typography, the photography which is the photography and media that constitutes what that's part of the website as well as the device hierarchy. So in typography, we have this is for example, six different typefaces in the same font size. And this goes back to that wardrobe drawing that I showed you that each one has a different composition for example this is way more dense. This is slightly more loose. So the way that some of these typefaces will dictate the gutters and the spaces and the margins are going to be very different just on the basis of the way that those characters are formed. The font attributes like weight, size and construction can vastly dictate the way the grid is defined. We're also in content website in dynamic content websites where we're creating a template for someone to upload future content. It would be great to like end of design with high definition photography but in reality what we're really working with is like you know these screen grabs that like this is from the Hindustan news times website this is from catch news. So these are some things that you can't control because the way that the editorial process works might not be in our control but it would always help to know what our variables are when we're designing stuff. So we need to just make sure that we are not designing for something like this we should need to just make sure that we know the kind of content we're going to be dealing with. This is a screenshot of three of the three different websites that I've designed and website A has equal distribution of desktop and mobile whereas website B has a greater majority of desktop users versus mobile and website C has a very large percentage of mobile users and less desktop. This also is a big factor in kind of dictating how your grid should scale and how much how many enhancements you should prioritize for which devices. So I think like to look if especially if it's a web redesign project to kind of go back to analytics and look at what is that composition that's there for mobile and desktop so that we can prioritize things accordingly might be interesting as well might be one of the factors to do. So there's a request from the audience if you can just slow the pace a little bit because it's getting a little too fast to be to understand some of the points. So if you can spend a little more time and the initial presentation goes a few minutes more that should be okay. Okay. Okay. That sounds good to me. Yeah. That's good to know. Is there any part that I should kind of revisit right now? I assume you can continue and people can ask questions if they want to. Okay. Yeah, I think this is the right time to say it because the next part is going to be a little bit. It's better off taste a little bit slower. So yeah, so just to kind of recap this point that there are three variables and defining and scaling a grid that what is typography we need to understand that if you're using a certain typeface it will influence our grid. The second thing is images. We are not working with these really picture perfect images in content websites. We are working with images that are more dynamic that we might not have more control of control off. We're working with vertical images, landscape images, different proportions of images as well. And the third thing is that the fact that when we are doing a website redesign project, it's always good to kind of go back and see the analytical data of that website to see what where are the users kind of accessing this website from are the accessing it from mobile more or desktop more. And some of these, some of these things can really guide the grid so that we can see how much more effort we need to kind of put into a mobile device screen versus how much more effort should be put into a desktop device screen. Yeah, the recap is great. Okay, cool. Yes. So defining a responsive custom grid. Now, there are like couple of like costs steps that that I follow and I've tried to kind of nutshell it so that it's kind of easy to follow so let's let's go through with it. Let's go go through them. So the first thing is our starting point is that when we want to have a content website we wanted to scale at least four devices right so we needed to scale on mobile on tablet on desktop and on like a 27 inch iMac or something like that a large desktop. Let's assume at this point because this point the this design. This presentation is not about how to design website so let's assume that we have an idea that there is a website design that we have ready more or less for desktop and mobile. Right and we have not used any grids to kind of create it. I just use the example of slack but I've just kind of have a one page ready on desktop and mobile, because this is mostly something that designers is where they have like these two designs and they can kind of say that Okay, this is how the design looks on mobile this is how the design looks on desktop. And this is like another example where we are we are mocking up some pages on the desktop and mobile. Now, one thing that you would do next once you kind of start having these pages ready. The one thing that is common on a lot of content websites is listing pages. Now what a listing pages is that it's a listing of search items, a listing of blog articles or a listing of products. So that this page mostly consists of a grid if if you kind of follow many of the UX patterns that are there. It would be a page that kind of consists of a grid. So, ideally, when you're starting off to design a grid for a website like this, you would actually first go and visualize their listing page and say how many columns would each of these things kind of have and some cases they might not have any columns at all. But if they have any columns like if I'm putting three of these items in a row, then it becomes like a three column grid if I'm putting four items it becomes a four column grid. There's another case where I'm putting five columns and it becomes a five column grid. So here the first the first step is always to kind of just visualize your listing page. When in doubt, I would say use 12 columns. The reason why 12 columns can be used is because 12 columns it can be easily divided by 234 and six. So, for example, a 12 column grid could have taken care of listing page A, as well as listing page B because because like four and three are divisible 12 is divisible by both four and three. What it can't take care of is listing page C, which is, which is again like it could, it could leave like two columns on the side and use the 10 columns in middle to kind of dictate those five columns but not to dictate the rest of the space but mostly this 12 column kind of takes care of most of these permutations and combinations when you're just starting off with grid. Unless you need something like to be designed super custom I would say like in that case and you want more flexibility on desktop in that case you can prioritize something like a 20 column grid or a 16 column grid etc. But when you're not sure you can definitely go for a 12 column grid. So the first the fourth step is to set the number of columns on desktop and mobile. So we've already decided that all right like let's go with a 12 column grid on mobile because I have these two particular listing pages on on my desktop so let's go with 12 columns on my desktop. And the mobile what I usually find useful to do is to divide the desktop grid by two and to kind of if I have 12 columns on desktop my mobile columns end up being six columns. And that's kind of a starting point if I have to tweak it later I would but most likely I never have to so it's mostly like so that's first you just define how many columns you're going to have on desktop and mobile. So we have a desktop canvas so there are the first thing we've done is decided how many columns are needed. Next we define the canvas size. So what is the size in which these 12 columns are going to pan. And for the purpose of this it's always useful to use an easy multiple of 12 to kind of get this number so it could be like a 1200 or 1260 or something like that which is an easy multiple of the number 12. It becomes easier to calculate the responsive grid later down the line. So likewise when you're doing a mobile canvas that mobile canvas that I like to use is 360 pixels because again it's a multiple of the six columns that we have as well as it's a super common mobile with. So that's right now we've set the number of columns in our grid and we have defined the canvas size of our grid of two of the devices of our grid. Now let's look at margins columns and gutters there are there are three components of the grid which is margins columns and gutters. So let's look at what margins are the things that go on the extreme end of our 12 column grid on desktop or on the extreme end of the six column grid on mobile are the margins. So in any grid in the grid that I'm showing you today that are two margins on either side of the grid. The next thing is columns. So in a 12 column grid there are 12 columns and in a six column grid on mobile there are six columns of the grid. So we have 12 and six of the columns. Gutters since we are having margins on the side and then we have 12 columns, we'll have 11 gutters on desktop and five gutters on mobile. So that's kind of the composition of the grid that we have. So we have margins columns and gutters. So let's solve for the gutters and the margins so when we are defining what we need to do next is define what are the sizes of each of these elements what's the size of the margin of the gutter and of the column. The answer to that is if we solve for the margins and the gutters the columns will figure themselves out. So each of these to solve for the gutters and margins. You need to first set the gutters for desktop and mobile. So we have we have 11 gutters on desktop and five gutters on mobile. So again remember the time when I said that you know the different typefaces lead to different ways that the grid changes. So good way to set the gutter or good tip to set the gutter is to take a desktop your 12 column desktop and put two text paragraphs next to each other and size them comfortably so size them in a way that you know that you know there is enough space for that type typeface to breathe a lot more. So to go back to this example, a typeface like this might need just say 20 pixels of a gutter. Whereas a typeface like this might need 30 to 35 pixels of a gutter because of the fact that its line height is larger. The fact that the typeface itself is is lighter. It has a lesser weight and it is less denser than this collectively so. So the gutter for desktop is very very heavily determined by the typeface that you use. So put the two typefaces aside and and kind of like visually put them apart in a way that you feel comfortable and on mobile to do the same activity on mobile instead of putting two texts side by side because on mobile a two column text layout whether two paragraphs running side by side is not very common. So good way to determine the gutter size for mobile is by putting two images side by side and to see what's a comfortable kind of spacing between these two images and ideally these images should be chosen from the images that you've found for the project whether it's those news grab images or anything like that.  So that would give you a good idea of how much they need to be spaced because in a news website if there's too much subjects subject matter in a in a in a particular image, you might want to space them a little bit more so the gutters then would be larger. So here with this principle we can say for the sake of this example we can say that all right with the way that with this paragraph spacing we've set the desktop gutter to 30 pixels and the mobile gutter to 16 pixels. Yeah, so we kind of got our gutters in place now we need to solve for margins. So we know that what we've seen before we know that we need to set the margins for desktop and mobile. So, we kind of go into so here the margins are way more important for mobile than for desktop, because without a margin, any text that is sitting on the screen would kind of stick to the edge of the device. And so then that's why we need kind of like a margin to kind of get all of the text within the frame of the within the frame of the device with comfortable space on the left and right. So the project typeface again on your on your project typeface will help determine this margin also for you on mobile. So, like you need to just keep it at a comfortable distance from the edge of the device so that it kind of sits well on your device yeah. So on desktop though because there is so much more space, you can actually like consider that your same unless there is a specific use case that you want a lot of space on the left and right of your grid. You can actually say that let's keep the same gutter space as let's keep the same margin as the gutter so if it's going to get 30 pixels as the guy if you kept 30 pixels as a gutter, we can keep 30 pixels as a margin. So now we've calculated the gutter and the margin for both of these things so I've decided that in on my mobile device. I need to keep the text 20 pixels from each of the edges so that it kind of sits well and doesn't look like it's kind of running to the edges so my margin and gutter different on mobile and this on mobile. Whereas the margin gutter same on desktop because I'm like all right I can use the gutter in the desktop as well. Now the calculation for column with so a column with is not done visually and unlike margins and gutters which we are calculating visually the calculation for column with does not happen visually so um let's look at our variables here. So we have our column with and we have a desktop and mobile and we've got our variables which is the margin gutter for desktop than the margin gutter for mobile. So what we will do and this slide I will stay on for a bit but what we will do is we will first subtract the 11 gutters so we have a 1200 pixel canvas. And then we will subtract the 11 gutters from it so each gutter is 30 pixels over here so we will subtract 330 pixels which is 11 into 30 which is a total gutter value from that canvas. Then we will subtract the two margin values from the left and right of the canvas so we will subtract 60 from it as well. So when you subtract 1200 minus the 303 30 for the total gutter minus the 60 for the total margin, you're left with 810 pixels, which now we know that within these 810 pixels that that's our total column with 412 columns. So when you divide that by 12 you get 67.5 which is our column with on desktop. Yeah so um and don't worry about the pixel value here because it's going to be insignificant once we go forward. The reason we're getting pixel value values are so that we can eventually define a fluid grid. Yeah. So, um, so any questions here we're going to want to make sure that this part is understood before I go forward. I do not have much questions at this stage. I mean I do have a something some few of them that I have collected but they will distract from the thing that you are you're talking about so it's cool for me I have understood most of the things that you're laying out. In the audience in case you have any specific question you can probably quickly raise your hand or something. I don't see anyone raising their hand right now. So, so let's let's I would say let's continue and let's do the questions at the end. Okay, so and then we have the so we have the column with for desktop. Similarly, we kind of have our margins and gutter for mobile a canvas with this 360 we have said our margin is 20 and a gutter 16. We have two margins so we're going to subtract 40 from the total, which is a total margin value. We have five gutters so we're going to subtract 80 from which is a total gutter value from the canvas value itself. So, at the end of it you get 240 pixels which is a total column value for six columns and the column width is going to be about 40 pixels because you divide 240 by six you get 40 pixel which is your individual column value. Yeah, so similarly so now what that means is we've kind of got our canvas with our margin, our gutter and our column with for desktop as well as mobile. And but these are very pixel centric and these are not going to help us define a scalable grid like we want to. So the next step is to kind of convert these into percentages so if you actually convert all of if you set the canvas with based on these measurements which is the 1200 pixel based on this if you set the canvas with 200% the margins then become 2.5% 2.5% and the column becomes 5.625% so these correspond to the pixel calculations that we've done here likewise a mobile canvas with if we keep it as 100% the margin gotten column from 2016 and 40 pixel become 5.5% 4.5% and 11% So this kind of becomes then our scalable grid that we have for like for us to now start using within these two breakpoints right so. So now we have like a fluid grid that's happening on mobile and then we have a fluid that's happening on desktop. Now we need to solve for these other two devices that we spoke about initially, which is the tablet as well as the large desktop. Now I always saw love consulting the large desktop when I'm creating a grid because it gives a lot of answers about. I have a lot of feelings about the large desktop and I will talk about them. So let's go to the large desk. How second you can you also define the large desktop sizes that you're thinking of. Okay, so the 27 inch monitor is what I'm visualizing when we are seeing the large desktop thing so it's a monitor that's maybe even bigger than like a 21 inch monitor so it's like a huge 27 inch monitor and this is mostly mostly for your because I'm sure like because of our screens even even like our laptops that we use can actually produce really early like it kind of has the same output as you would see in a 27 inch monitor but the reason for visualizing it is because you're usually designing on your laptop. But what happens when this thing scales way higher to like a bigger computer right and and so right now there are three ways so when I'm speaking about larger, larger desktop I'm thinking about a 27 inch monitor where this is like a 13 inch monitor. Yeah, so we've solved for the 13 inch we've solved for maybe a handheld phone, we've not solved for tablet and large desktop yet. So let's look at the large desktop so on a 27 inch monitor your screen that you've built which is the 12 column grid can scale three ways. So it can scale in a way that you create the same thing and it scales exactly with the same fluid proportions that we have where your margins will be 2.5% on the side and it will kind of just map one is to one from your 15 inch to your 27 inch. The second way to do it is having a wrapper for the content, but allowing some background elements to scale so to kind of say that all right we this part what we are seeing over here what we've designed and made a grid for kind of corresponds to the center of the screen over here. But what I want to do is kind of allow some of the background elements to flow on the sides of the screen because in that case it kind of looks seamless it even though we're not kind of like doing something specifically for that screen, it kind of gives a seamless experience. The third way to do it is when you take it and you kind of scale it exactly like that but you take no time to kind of make put like put your backgrounds further and take any kind of like effort to scale the grid any further than what you have designed so these are the three ways to scale it. Now, so the three ways to scale it is the same design can can look like this on a 27 inch monitor can look like this where it's seamless, it has seamless backgrounds and it can look like this where there's a wrapper for everything. And there are some references that I've put in for each one of these types of grid systems now let's just talk about why would you use something like this right so ideally when you this is where you kind of go back to those analytical data the analytical data that we saw where we see like the device distribution between the different websites. So in a website where if you see, for example, smashing magazine, which is also targeted very heavily to designers, they are kind of they use an approach like case a where the content kind of is is designed to fit in a 27 inch monitor so apart from doing their 12 column grid, they actually take the effort to create something unique as an experience for some for a monitor that's larger. Whereas there would be some website like maybe y combinator something that kind of just cuts everything to the center like that and does nothing else. But many websites do the center. So the way that I usually go about making a choice of how my design should scale is time. If I have zero time to cater to this device based on the project priorities and because based on anything that's the only case where I would go into case C where there is I like it's an inconsequential breakpoint for me 27 inch so I'm not going to take care of it at all. I'm just going to scale it as is and put like a background over there. And that's the only case where I would do case C and it's fair to do that I won't say that it's wrong to do that but if your users are not there you don't want to spend too much time. Although case B is a place where I feel it has is the right amount of hygiene to do for a project where you are not taking extra effort like not creating a unique experience.  And here one one thing to be not misunderstood is that it is not just because we are doing the mapping of 15 inch design to a 27 inch design like this. It does not mean it's easy out of the three cases that are being mentioned here this would probably take the most effort because you kind of solving solving for viewing distance we are solving for the typography to be seen from a different distance you're also some of these elements can scale just as is so you'll have to kind of create a slightly unique thing and you can't just do like all that scale at 160% and it works so it would require a lot of effort and I would only put in this kind of effort if my audience is on a 27 inch Mac or if I am left with so much time on the project that I can kind of afford to kind of indulge myself and go into like case A so but I would mostly stick to case B for most of like my scaling means sorry. So the next thing is like we visualized it on larger desktops and now let's visualize it on an iPad. So there are yeah sorry you know that footnote so the devices. So what we're saying is so as you saw before the large desktop largely borrows from the grid that we've already defined for the desktop. It's not a special grid we are just defining unless like even unless it's kind of case A for these cases we are mostly like defining this exact same grid that we have and we're working with that. So what about the tablet would it take the mobile grid or would it take the desktop grid. So here is where defining breakpoints comes into the picture where the tablet is actually two screens right you have the same content that is on tablet portrait and the same content on tablet landscape. So then how do you scale your desktop and mobile versions for these two devices. What I've seen often work is that the desktop one lends itself well to the tablet landscape and the mobile one lends itself well to the tablet portrait. So in such a case what you would do is set these very arbitrary ranges for the breakpoints that you want which is say for example on mobile anything below 500 uses this design in tablet portrait what I would do is just kind of stop it at a place between the tablet portrait and tablet landscape so that it kind of is a good range to take care of many devices that fall in that range. So I would kind of define a breakpoint between say 500 and 900 which stops just shy of the tablet landscape thing which is around 1100 pixels which is about 1100 pixels width and I would kind of say that all right my design is going to take the mobile grid here although even in this case if you notice that on mobile my margins were 16 pixels or say 20 pixels on either side right. What is a good kind of hack if you don't know if your audience is maybe only like only 0.5% of your audience is on tablet portrait right and you also want to prioritize both the other experiences way more. One good thing to do for this mode is usually to have an additional margin on the left and right because the mobile margin doesn't very well lend itself to this to the screen and it also is applies for like mobile landscape mode like this breakpoint takes care of tablet portrait and mobile landscape so it's always better to kind of have larger margins on the left and right in this breakpoint if you're not doing anything else. But the other customizations you can do is say for example if elements are only are taking two columns here they can take three columns here you know so it's there are few component level customizations that can be done here but I wouldn't bother too much about it if your audience is not here but I would still like increase a padding for this breakpoint and let it use the exact fluid grid that the mobile the mobile one has likewise a desktop one. We've seen it lend itself to the large desktop it will also lend itself to the tablet landscape and one and usually when you think about this in practice it feels like this is going to be super cramped and tight right because something that you do in 1200 is going to look really really cramped in this in this breakpoint but one thing that and this is probably a talk for another time but you use like every project if you're kind of like defining just like you define type faces like the grid for mobile and desktop separately. It's also very good to define the typographic scale differently from mobile and desktop. So, so that means that when you're when you're kind of using a heading on mobile, it is like 12 or 20 pixels and when you're using that same heading on desktop it's 60 pixels. But what what this particular breakpoint does is that it uses a desktop grid it's very very cramped but if you feel like the content is super like tight. One option is to kind of use the mobile type scale in this big point as well so that it kind of lends itself well and it sits really proportionately to this grid so both of these would look similar but this would use like the mobile type face in the same grid same measurements as the desktop food grid, but you kind of allow your mobile type to hit until 1200 before you change to desktop. So that's the that's kind of the strategy that I have noticed is very easily kind of scalable for these different breakpoints. So here now when we communicate. So once so by now we've got our margins columns gutters, we've understood what these percentage widths are of these things because we've calculated it from a pixel value that works. We've defined how these different devices need to scale and which grids these need to lose from these two from these two breakpoints. So how do we go into how do suppose I'm working in a silo and I'm I'm doing all this out of like my living room and my developer sitting in Noida and how do I communicate the grid and reference to them. At this stage, I would also just do a quick time check because it's 1147 so from here onwards if you can just pace yourself accordingly so that we can wind up. Yeah, sure I have only like two slides more so I think it's perfect. And the communication of the grid breakpoints is similar I just like if I was working with someone who is not like in not sitting right next to me, I would just kind of create a table saying okay this grid is this breakpoint applies to from this pixel range to this pixel range. I would I would say that it has these many columns the column with percentage the gutter with percentage. What is the padding left and right you can give this is a margin that I spoke about. This is a screenshot from an older project that's why it has different values as well as like the breakpoint in which this great kind of kicks in. So it looks something like this the handoff looks something like this well different breakpoints are defined and it also just to show you the 27 inch thing this is kind of using case be where the elements it's scaling exactly as the smaller desktop grid but it's allowing elements to flow further. Just to it's always good to give like a visual cue of how these need to scale in larger monitors. And stress testing components. I think this is something that I would leave everyone to explore by themselves but there are a couple of things that I feel are so hand in hand with grid which is the few CSS properties that you should consider and one is max width where when an element is placed say in two columns and it's sitting very comfortably in two columns when it scales to our larger desktop view. Sometimes it might look larger than what you what you wanted to look in such a case setting setting the fact that this should take these two columns like my paragraph should sit in these two columns but the paragraph should not exceed say 640 pixels it's always good to set a max within six in pixels because that kind of helps bring balance it helps you make sure that paragraphs don't run for 15 words a line and things like that. Another thing is object fit now would encourage everyone to kind of work with content websites to learn about this property of CSS which kind of tells you how images should scale within a container and it can be leveraged a lot in content websites. That's kind of about it. So this is what we covered today, why custom grids, how to think responsibly at the design stage, how to define a responsive grid stress testing your components for scale and handing off this specifications to designers to developers.


I'm Ornella Hernandez with Cointelegraph and I'm in Clearwater, Florida where a new restaurant hopes to fully reflect the crypto space from its decor to its food item menus and it even allows customers to pay using crypto. Let's go talk to the owner, Ricardo Barona. So, Ricardo, tell me about how you got started in the restaurant, who gave you the idea and how it was to decide it out? So we've had a restaurant before and we had some restaurants that we didn't have the liberty that we have right now so we wanted to be more independent and do something new and something that was more us and that we could bring our flavors into it. I was thinking about it for a while and then also I've had crypto conversations with my son which we had for years and I was totally on the other side like totally like I would not believe that it was going to happen and I was afraid that he was going to lose his money and all that and within time and within him you know things that he'd done starting watching it more then it was more I guess for me more made from when it was in Robin Hood because I was trading and I've been trading forever but I also were just because of the new thing I was doing it on Robin Hood as well. So then I see that they had a few I got in and we actually got lucky because by the time I got in it was a little bit over a year so it was like with Dogecoin that wasn't even that was considered a joke that he even told me to be careful that even when I got some and I made a little bit of money he's like yeah yeah but get rid of it it's a joke so the guy that's selling me that he knows and talking about Litecoin and Bitcoin and all that he tells me that but then I did keep some really good so then it helped me make this transition easier because of the money spent and all that came something from it from actually that so and I was then also trading all you know holding some Bitcoin holding some of the more known Ethereum's and stuff like that and then learning about them so the idea is like to promote crypto and they use and education in a in a lightweight already with approach with people that want to come and do like conversations I want to have like 10 people here 20 people here a couple people have talked to me about it I'm also working with a couple of people that have news venue that are starting my idea would be to sit that in the system where like the employees will all benefit so we anybody can do any of them please could be trained that we go we do it we put in it's like gonna pool and then plays the benefit like from like the kickbacks and stuff from like coin basically not like they well I have it just on my account but I've told them that as I'm training them you know that whenever one of them then we're gonna do that you know that whenever they're doing it the ones in the front which is me soon I just got this done two days ago and actually Haley took a payment in Bitcoin just right there while I was talking to the Neo Kabuto thing Haley took a payment these are like my received from Coinbase so I started printing them out the mayor and yes so like if you you have your crypto and you put and the cool thing too is that you write the amount not me so like I tell you okay so you're kind of 35 bucks no you're gonna put okay 35 bucks send and and your thing has a thing to read the code whenever whatever coin best or whichever even your wallet the personal was so you can send it from anywhere to one of these and it happens immediately like well Bitcoin depending because like these guys use the lightning network and happening me I before no Bitcoin can take a couple hours but at least you see that is confirmed like if you're paying me I see that you got to confirm so it doesn't matter that if I don't see it it's gonna come because you cannot get a refund on crypto so it's safe and you so it's not like a credit card that you can come and and then go and call and say I wasn't there people cannot do that with crypto so that's really safe for us and plus the fees are less too because what it the person that sent me for example the 70 bucks he posted that he what he pay was point zero zero three some of that you know that I was kind of like afraid of that thinking you know people are down because the crypto is down it's too early for me to say that because right now we're like in the slowest season of the of the year in the in the beach and whatnot it was lower than the yesterday that everything you know crashing one I was always unexpected but I don't think that he had to do with that as much yeah yeah so fan favorites are definitely like the the crypto Cuban the so that the Cuban surface the club we said a lot of it is huge too so a lot of times I if it's somebody that's like more you know on the petite side when I tend to tell them hey share it or you know you can take some home because we make it real big and then the dose drug it's actually a not worse so it's been pretty popular because we don't do like a regular hot dogs are kids dog they're all boys heads so it's pretty good stuff but then for the dose drugs that's a nice thick not worse so it's been pretty popular thank you


They look now for Walker-Peters. Great first touch from Walker-Peters. Rows it across the goal, and it's got into the back of the net for an own goal by Cameron Carter-Vickers. Here he is again, Dom Solanke. He knocks it to the left and Danjouma in a bit of room here. Cherry's on the move, Billing trying to get in the penalty area. Arnout, Danjouma up against Bednarik. Trostek around the outside, Danjouma drives it across goal and beat the way at the near post by Fraser Forster, who had his angles covered as Danjouma. The angle got worse and worse for him, but he still got a shot away. Nathan Redmond is leading the charge for Southampton here, running up pace at Carter-Vickers. Genepo to his left. Cherry's got men back, knocked in towards Moosa to the front, who rolls at this time into the bottom right goal. Oh, danger here. Cherry's giving it away, and now an opportunity for Redmond. Drive into the edge of the penalty here. Redmond goes past Steve Kerr, and he presses an instance. Wilshire wins it back on the edge of the penalty area, gets it back here. Jack Wilshire goes for goal and hits the side netting. Well, Jack Wilshire, there was hardly any room to get a shot out from where he was. Right on the edge of the penalty area, but he just glanced off the outside of the goal and went. The ball is knocked down the centre for Shay Adams, who jumps with Carter-Vickers. That's been a good contest all day. Long arm, Strong's got it. Now it's Shay Adams in the deep, goes it towards goal. And Shay Adams has surely put Southampton into the FA Cup semi-final. Stacey has it on the edge of his own penalty. A very risky ball to Wilshire. Warcrafts to Redmond in the box, tries to tee up Adams. Instead, it's Armstrong, hits the post. Down to the way to Redmond.


20,000 square feet of new office space for the Freedom Family is almost ready. Look behind me. That will be the new home of our studio, the Freedom Studios. A huge room that's completely green that will have professional acoustics, lighting, cameras, everything to make the highest quality production for you. Everyone will be welcomed into this Freedom Studio to use it to make your videos. Of course, it's in the Philippines, in Eastwood City. That's where we've been bringing people in. But more on that later on how you can apply to come here, make your content so that you can improve the quality of your productions. This is the rest of the space. It's huge, guys. This is going to house 100 developers and a lot of other people that will help you grow faster by building better tools, offering more support, and all that good stuff. We will grow together as a family because this is the Freedom Family. You are part of it, we are all part of it, and we're all growing together. So grow with us and partner with Freedom. That play now button right there on the video bar is all you need to click to get started. If you really look at yourself, you would be speechless. What happened to being doctors and teachers? What happened to being your brother's keyboard?


Technology is power and we have ways of dealing with power. We understand its benefits in society and we also understand what happens when any institution gets too much power. In order to do that you need checks and balances. You need a balance of power. You need rival power centres that can hold one another to account and you might need some enforceable guardrails. And I think that's one of the things that we have lost in the period from the 1970s through to the early part of the 21st century which is that we've allowed markets to do their thing often in very very effective ways without necessarily recognising that there was an accretion of power. We're in an interesting time that I call the exponential age. It's the exponential age because there's a series of technologies that are getting cheaper and cheaper every year on a compounding basis. If you happen to plot that as a mathematical function it takes the shape of the exponential curve that we're so familiar with. It starts slow, there's a kink in the curve and then it goes up very quickly. It's compounding interest. And today in the start of the 21st century we see that computing is on that curve, things like memory storage on that curve but so too are lithium-ion batteries, solar photovoltaics and a whole series of technologies from the bio-economy like precision fermentation or genome sequencing. Now what that means is the technologies get better or to look at it a different way, they get much much cheaper. As they get much cheaper they're much more likely to be bought by businesses and consumers, put to use in industry and start to change the shape of industries. Now that's all happening very very quickly and it's really driven by technology improvement on one hand and entrepreneurs and businesses on the other. But entrepreneurs and businesses actually live in a wider space that we call society at large and society at large has got these institutions. Some institutions are very formal institutions, they are their laws, their regulations, they're written down agreements and some institutions are quite informal. An example of an informal institution is should people use their phones at their dinner table or should families sit around and have a chat. Now institutions don't have the benefit of rapidly declining prices, they don't have that exponential characteristic to them so they tend to adapt much much more slowly and then a gap emerges, the exponential curve runs like this, the institutions adapt like that, that gap is the exponential gap and that is my way of trying to explain why in 2015 onwards we've started to see so many challenges to the way we think about market structure and competition, the way we think about the relationship between the firm and its employees, the way we think about globalization and trade, how we think about the nature and patterns of conflict and of course how we think about how our democratic societies behave. When electricity was invented and found its way into particularly advanced economies it was revolutionary and it happened very very quickly in a matter of a few decades to getting the first cable into many homes for example in the United States and that was revolutionary but what's different this time round is that we have so many infrastructures in place whether it is mobile networks and electricity that the speed with which these technologies find their way into homes and into businesses is just much much more rapid. So if you take something like electric vehicles for example the time it takes for a market to go from about five or six percent market penetration that is new car sold being electric vehicles and about seventy percent of the car sold being electric vehicles is typically measured in sort of eight to twelve thirteen year time frame. We don't have enough countries that have done that but that's roughly what it looks like and that happens in the small country to do that first like Norway but it's also likely to happen in the enormous market of China which is tracking Norway's penetration curve just delayed by five or six years and so what's different this time is a much more interconnected economy a much larger economy and one where these changes are taking place in absolute terms in fewer years than the ones of the turn of the twentieth century. The Gulf of Mutual Incomprehension is what emerges between the technologists and those who understand how the technologies are behaving and really the rest of us who are living in a more everyday world and the Mutual Incomprehension is really about on the one hand that the technologies themselves have really really significant impacts outside of their form factor or their system you know the impact of an iPhone giving everyone the ability to hold a camera and everyone the ability to publish and everyone the ability to look at information goes way way beyond those applications it goes into changing the nature of journalism or the nature of disclosure or the nature of a citizen's ability to get information but on the other hand on the side of the typical person in society the incomprehension arises from not realising quite how quickly the technology might change, how quickly it might diffuse and I think quite often what is very very hard is what those unintended and emergent consequences of the technologies end up being. I think it's really important to note that these technologies will have very very different impacts in different societies for lots of different reasons as well so if you look at the trust data that comes out from a firm like Edelman one of the things that we note is that richer countries, more advanced economies are much much less optimistic about the potential of technology than countries that are less well off and still going through parts of their development phases we also need to recognise that technologies really aren't good or bad nor are they neutral, they play out in different environments, in different ways because of perhaps cultural behaviours because of what you're allowed to do and what you're not allowed to do or sometimes just because of specific trade-offs in those markets so a good example of a non-exponential technology like this is DDT which was used as a pesticide it was a great way of killing people it was a pesticide, it was a great way of killing mosquitoes now the problem with DDT in richer countries for example the southern parts of the US is that it has many many problems with this run-offs and what happens when it gets into the food system but in a country like India the risks of DDT were far worse than the risks of actually not applying the pesticide in the land and so while DDT ends up being banned very quickly in some countries in other countries it took longer because of slower regulators it was because the way the technology manifested itself in that specific society had different costs and benefits when we look at the issue of these new technologies we have to be alert to a couple of things one is the emerging digital divide or maybe it's now the AI divide maybe sooner it will be the quantum computing divide we have to think about that but the second thing that we need to do is we need to recognise that polities, political economies function when there is a balance of power between the legal system, between the elected officials between the market as represented by companies and by capital what we have seen is just the beginning never again will technological innovation move as slow as it is moving today as we move into this world where these technologies are very powerful they'll come to market through the market we need to just bear in mind that we need that balance to prevent there being either intentionally or unintentionally abuses of power technopessimism which becomes almost a mantra that the technology is bad the firms are bad and they're out to get us is really really quite unhelpful it's almost as unhelpful as a starry eyed utopianism we actually live in a space where we require critical reflection of pragmatic optimism about these technologies a recognition that there will be benefits and disbenefits and we have to engage to control and maintain those give people on both sides of this gulf of incomprehension the tools to understand what the processes are and what the risks are and what questions they should ask of the world around them


And I think I kind of start off from where he left off, in a way, a little bit. So I talk about privacy micro-relations. So before doing that, I'll just introduce myself. My name is Daya Slanopin. I'm from a startup called Trace2.io. We are a decentralized KYC application. It's kind of odd that I'm talking about privacy micro-relations here, but maybe you'll come to see my point of view. So maybe I'll just kind of try to gauge where we are. So have you guys heard of the term monkey rocket? If you feel like the government is trying to infiltrate the blockchain network, you guys must have definitely heard monkey rocket. Any of you guys heard monkey rocket? Check it out later. So I'll talk about privacy micro-relation. What do we mean by privacy micro-relation? A privacy micro-relation is when we actually give our data, like private data, to an enterprise in exchange for reduced cost of a service. So without knowing it, we might be giving our data on different platforms, small amounts of data, tiny miniscule of it every time we browse the web. And organizations and enterprises use this data to collate, to analyze, to correlate statistically, and re-engineer how you think, and make you buy the things that they think you need to buy. So I don't know when you guys, for example, go on Facebook and see the ads. Are you actually browsing Facebook? Or is Facebook browsing you? Or is Facebook using you? So this is kind of a gist of what a privacy micro-relation looks like. I just hope that everybody kind of got an idea. Yeah, so I just would start by defining, this is just like me defining some levels of privacy. For most of us, we think that the green there is your locale info, info that you consented for.  And what we actually consider private is normally our financial information, our national IDs, our private keys, our login credentials. Now, we don't really pay much attention to this big yellow bar. In most of us, we have kind of basically like the previous speaker said, we become hype for reduced cost of a service for this amazing UX experience or whatever it is. So that's where we are today. We don't really pay attention to what amounts of data that we actually leak in small amounts. We only really really care about, I don't know, does anybody else have a point of view? Do you guys really worry about any more browse online? I mean, just kind of gauging the audience. Like, do you guys use VPN? Do you guys use Tor? Do you guys really care about all this? How many of you guys use VPN? How many use VPN and Tor? OK, so maybe I'm speaking to the wrong audience here. I'm preaching to the wrong guy. But I'll just anyway talk about it. So that's good. But we still, even if we use these services right, we still leak information, especially one major area that we leak information is using targeted ads, for example. So we lose a lot of privacy when we actually even see an ad. So how many of you guys use the Brave browser? OK, that's great to know. OK, so this is just basically where I'm going, right? So we normally don't care so much. A lot of us normally don't care so much about this information. And I'm just trying to say why this is important and why we need to take care of it. This information, which is in red, we already know that centralized forms of keeping this in a secure place is not working out, right? Because even the NSA cannot keep their data safe, right? So yeah, so why is this important? I mean, I get that a lot of us here might be considering privacy important. But so as it formed a new company, and as I'm going around trying to get people on board, a lot of youngsters and a lot of people I see, they don't really care about privacy. For them, it's all about the user experience and how the application benefits them. And they don't really bother so much about privacy. Privacy is not something very core to their values. I guess a lot of people coming from a different generation may be having different thoughts about it. But I just thought that this would be a good opportunity to tell why, I mean, come back to thinking why is privacy important? So I'm not going into the area where maybe the NSA has a lot of data on you. They have a false positive that might send a drone to whatever new key out of the world, right? But I'm talking about realistic things that might actually happen, right? So why is privacy important? Privacy is important because an adversary there has more information about you than you know yourself. So for example, let's take the case of I just call this entity or this avatar Lucy, right? So she basically writes data into the web, right? The adversary can read this or observes this data. But Lucy never has any idea that what info has been accessed. There's no record of it. There's no audit of it. Like at the end of the day, the adversary knows more about this particular person than any of us know. Like, you know, we have no idea how much information we have already leaked into the world. We have no idea who's collecting it, who's analyzing it, who's doing what with it. We just, you know, as the day goes by, we just browse the web and, you know, like, lose our privacy a little by little, right? So we need to be more conscious about this. And why is this important? Because there are a lot of issues that this leads to, right? So, you know, I mean, these are just some generic examples, right? Like, real examples of how data can be used. Like, you know, you have phishing, you have social engineering. These are like actual real world issues, like scams, synthetic identities, and extortion. So I'll just maybe talk a little bit about some of this. So for example, synthetic identities. What is a synthetic identity? Synthetic identities are created like, what happens with synthetic identities is that an adversary takes in information like, you know, like it's not one particular information. It takes in, they take in multiple parts of your information and create an identity. So for example, they could take your, you know, your national ID, your name, and somebody else's name. They kind of form a social profile of you. If any of you guys use multi-go, you guys would know how that works. So, you know, your data birth from another friend of yours, maybe, they take all this information and create an identity. And they actually take like years to do this, right? Like five or six years to actually create this synthetic identity. Then they use this synthetic identity to form, create transactions and leave a transaction trail so that they can do financial actions with it, which can cause you financial harm. So, it might lead to financial loss, you know, you being tracked for illicit activity and so on and so forth. So, I'm just trying to say that the actual impact is very real. There's no, like it's not an imaginary impact of you losing your privacy, right? Or you losing, you giving away your personal information is actually a problem. It is not some fake imaginary crypto thing that we think about. There is actual impact if you lose your privacy. If the recent, I think in this, in the recent embargo by Donald Trump, he, for example, like says that I think I read it today that the US government, for example, can use various means to actually get you to release the company's information about you. So, more and more we see governments and other organizations trying to go the other way around of getting, you know, trying to say that, you know, if you have nothing to, I mean, like, if you've not done anything bad, you have nothing to hide, which is actually not true. I mean, the issue here is information asymmetry. There are some people who know more about you than you know what you have leaked into the world, which actually causes concern, right? Which actually causes these kind of issues. Another example is this. I mean, this kind of famous now, and I don't think I have to talk a lot about it. You guys all recognize it, or do you want me to say, can you just maybe raise your hands? Okay, maybe for those who don't know, right? I just kind of talk about it. So basically, like, this is a social engineering act. So, you know, it's very real. Enterprises are actually social engineering you to make you think and do the way they want you to do. And I'm not here to say that maybe that's wrong, maybe that's right. That's up for you to decide. I'm just here to let you know that this is actually happening. And if you care about it, then you should be looking at your privacy and trying to be more privacy preserving, yeah? So it's up to you. It's not, you know, I'm not here to make a judgment called whether this is like a politically correct thing to do or not. Or maybe it's an economically correct thing to do or not. I'm just saying that this is very real. So in this case, for example, what happened is that like Cambridge Analytica is kind of like mining your information to kind of like kind of socially engineer you to maybe socially to engineer elections. And they're kind of selling this platform to countries across the globe and not only in the US, right? So this kind of coming to light and there's a lot of talk about it, but there's just like one of the aspects of how that engineer data can be used and how we don't really care about like, okay, when we browse, if we set all the settings and if we use VPN and we still go to Facebook, for example, what are we losing, you know? This kind of stuff. So, and I agree that the decentralized applications are not there yet where we can actually use it in a fluid manner, but I hope to. And I hope that we get there soon. Okay, I have this small theory of how this came to be. I think earlier on, like, you know, like in the 90s and stuff, we used to like get CDs and from magazines and install software. We used to keep the ones that are open source and freeware, right? And I think when we moved on to the 2000s, we kind of started thinking that whatever's free on the internet might actually, I mean, I'm just, I'm just, this is a hypothesis, right? So we just started thinking that whatever's free on the internet is good, you know, because we had this conception from before. And whenever there's a service that's free, we kind of start using it without actually thinking about the actual implications behind it, which is, and the actual implication is that we're actually paying for the service. It says that we don't know how we are paying for it. We are paying for it in terms of our privacy, in terms of giving up how we think and allowing an enterprise to make you think in their terms, right? So yeah, like, you know, now like Google's a verb, right? So, and that's a source of truth, so. Yeah, so I come up with some suggestions. So I would say that we should try to use open source applications that has a focus on privacy. Try and avoid being the product as much as possible. Use decentralized applications to earn and to be part of the network. So if for those of you who don't know, like for example, the Brave browser, right? You can use a Brave browser. You can use, there's this, okay, I'm not promoting any token or anything like that, but I'm just giving, I'm just throwing ideas to the community to think about how we might, you know, we can transform, right? So there's this token called basic attention token which is part of the Brave browser, which actually pays you for actually giving attention, your attention to the, you know, to the platform. So, you know, I mean, why not? Why do we wanna pay another ad network or Google or whatever for, you know, reverse engineering our brain, right? Why don't we use something that's open source?  So I think that once we have more usage of such applications, there'll be less information about symmetry and better data protection and more transparency. Yeah. Finally, I just, again, I think this is a very strong community, but I just asked how many of you guys think that Bitcoin is anonymous? Or, you know, okay, that's good to know that nobody thinks about it that way. But a lot of people do, and yeah, the thing is it's not. And one of the places where it's not because we again leak information to KYC platforms or in exchanges, like for example, you go to an exchange, you put up your KYC details there, right?  Now you guys would think, okay, I'm coming from a KYC decentralized platform and talking against KYC. So what I'm trying to say is that we should find a balance between complete privacy and talking with government and regulators because we still live in a social world and there is a social fabric and social norms are important, but it does not mean that we have to lose a large extent of our privacy in doing so. So if we wanna make Bitcoin more anonymous, we still need to, one thing that we need to do, for example, is not give a lot of our information on these kind of platforms, right? Now, just to kind of talk about our own platform, we actually do a lot to preserve privacy on our own platform while still trying to give you, give access to regulators in case there's an issue. So the thing is that we need to find a balance in that particular scenario, yeah. So I hope I've kind of made it clear why privacy is still important and what privacy micro violations are and I hope that some of us will be more conscious when we browse the web and maybe use some other, start thinking differently about how we think about the worldwide web and yeah. So I just kind of ended quickly because I can see this gentleman sleeping there, so whoa. So, so, so, sorry? Nothing personal. No, no, no, you're sleeping from the beginning. So I think he's been there for a while, yeah. But anyway, so you guys have any questions or comments below? Ah, guess not. Thank you, thank you guys.