I know that I said our break will. Zoom after 10 past, but because of that one exercise studying any at five past. And we will continue and do the basic probabilities from 10 past until half past. And then we do a lot of other exercises for the remainder of the session. OK, any volunteer? Anybody you don't want to talk to me. Anyone? Sam. OK, Sam number one. Number one find the probability of be happening. I said and then on our. The given there we did not. We have the complement of B. Which is 0.5 and then we know that for complement for probability of B. Is equal to the one minus complement of B that is one minus 0.5. Yes, so the answer is 0.5. The probability of B is 0.5. The probability of B is 0.5. Great, then. That made it easier for us to find probability of A or B because now we have probability of B. I then substitute probability of A with 0.4 my pen was beating out. Yes, and then the probability of B is 0.5. Yes, and then we are given probability of A and B, which is 0.1. Then my answer is 0.8. The last one. The last three. The key way there is mutual exclusive, so we know if it is mutual exclusive. Probability of A and B is equals to 0. Therefore, on the formula above. And we'd only have probability of A plus probability of B. It is close to 0.4 plus 0.5. The answer is 0.9. Happy everybody. Any question anyone with a question? No happy. Great. And that's how you're going to find the questions. They're not going to be as straightforward as we. We do when we do when I unpack the concept. But when we do the exercises, I will try and use the examples. As per the questions you get in your exam or the question you get in your assignment so that you become familiar with the steps on how you can tackle those questions. OK, look at conditional probability and this 10 past 1. We can look at conditional probabilities by the end of this session of 30 minutes. We should know how to calculate the conditional probability. We should know how to define what. How we deal with independent events and how we apply the multiplication rule. All of them they relate to conditional probabilities. OK. What are conditional probability? A conditional probability is a probability that I give. It's when you calculate the probability of A given that probably another event has happened before. So let's say if I want to calculate the probability of me ordering coffee after I had a dessert, I will have to use the conditional probability because it will tell me that what will be the probability that I will order dessert given that I will order coffee given that I had a dessert. And that's what conditional probabilities are all about. It's a probability given that another event has already happened. So let's say we want to calculate the probability of A given B and that will give us the probability of a joint event of A and B divide by the probability of B. So we're always going to divide by the given probability. So it will be the joint probability of A and B divide by the given probability which is the probability of, or the given event which is the probability of B. And that will calculate your conditional probability of A given B. And we can also find the probability of B given A which is the joint probability of A and B divide by the probability of A which is also state that it's the conditional probability of B given that A has already occurred. You know that the joint probability A and B is your joint probability. The probability of A is your marginal probability or your simple event the same as the probability of A is your simple event or your joint or your marginal event probability. So how do we then use this? Let's say we have a statement that reads as follows. Of the people who were hired 27% of them have been promoted in the past two years. 80% of them are main and 24% of them are both main and they are promoted. So in the statement, we are given three values which are all probabilities. What is the difference between what I am given now and the previous ones? The previous examples that we use, for example, if I go back, I know that I'm going way, way, way back. Let's say from this. This are events. Different events are whole numbers. The 300 and the 200, this are events. If they have given us the events, we would have divided them by the grand total. How many in total they were? People who are hired in that company, if they were 1200, we will divide by 1200. In order for us to calculate those events. So this are the probabilities as we have been calculating them. So the probability, the simple event probabilities and the joint event probability. So if we read the statement, 27% have been promoted. Therefore it means this is the probability of promoted which is a simple event. And 80% are men. So this is probability of men, which is a simple event. And 24% are both men and promoted. This is a joint event of men and promoted. And since we know these probabilities, then we can draw a contingency table. It is easy. So if you draw a contingency table, you will say on your contingency table, if this is a promoted promotion and not promotion and this are men and this will be women as we had it before. And this will be women. To get the probability of promoted, I know that that is the probability of promoted. It will be zero comma 27. We can divide the percentage by 100. It will take us to decimal places. The probability of men will be zero comma eight zero. I know that the sum of all probability which is the probability of a sample space will always be equals to one because the sum of all probabilities should be equals to one. And remember, this is where you calculate your total. That's why I'm able to know where to place those simple probabilities. The last one is the joint probability, probability of men and promoted. And that is men and promoted, which is zero comma 24. If you look at this table, it's half complete. It is easy to complete the whole table because the whole table, I have all the other values. So for example, zero comma 27 is a compliment of women is men. And to get that, I can just say zero comma 27 minus zero comma 24 should give us zero comma zero three because zero comma 24 plus zero comma zero three should give us zero comma 27. And since I know that the probability of the sample space is equals to one, therefore one minus the compliment of a simple event, probability promoted will be one minus zero comma 27, which is zero comma seven three. And you can do that for the whole table. So also here, I can complete this whole table, zero comma eight point eight minus point minus point two four will give us zero comma five six. And zero comma seven three minus zero comma five six. And I can get zero comma one seven. And one minus zero comma eight zero is the same as zero comma two zero. And there is my contingency table and I can answer any questions that they ask. And which is the same as what I have there, where zero comma 27, our simple event promoted, zero comma eight zero, our simple event men, zero comma 24, which is the joint event and the rest of the other values I can quickly calculate them. Because if I have those three values, I can complete the whole contingency table. What if the question is calculate the probability of men and promoted? We know that the joint probability formula is the probability of A given B is given by the joint event of A and B divided by the probability of B. So if I want to calculate the probability of men, given that they are promoted, then it will be the joint event of men and promoted divided by the probability of promoted because we always divide by the given probability. The joint event promoted is zero comma 24 divided by the probability of promoted, which is that probability of promoted, which is zero comma 27, which gives us the probability or the conditional probability of men given that they are promoted is zero comma eight nine percent. Or it's zero comma eight nine or 89 percent. The probability that your exercise, what is the probability of women given that not promoted? And this is your not promoted and that is your women. What is the probability of women given that not promoted? You know that that is given by the joint probability of women and not promoted divided by the joint, the simple probability of not promoted. The joint event of women not promoted, women not promoted is zero comma 17 divided by the probability of not promoted will be zero comma 75, 73, zero comma 73. And that will give us point one seven divide by point seven three is equals to zero comma two three. We look at the conditional probability formula. So remember that the probability of A given B is given by the joint probability of A and B divided by the probability of B. We apply what we call the multiplication rule. It is because they would have given us the probability of a given probability or the conditional probability of A given B, they would have given us that value. They would have given us the simple probability which is the probability of B, but they will want us to find the probability of A and B. In order for us to find the probability of A and B, we can just cross multiply the probability of B, which then tells me that if I cross multiply, if I cross multiply, then I will end up having the probability of A will be the conditional probability times the probability of B. Please note the following. If and only if they tell you that event A and B are independent, then the conditional probability of A and B will be the same as the probability of A because the probability of B has no bearing on what happens or does not influence what happens to the probability of A. Remember, the probability of A given B is given by the probability of A and B divided by the probability of B. So if A and B are independent, therefore that, oh, sorry. If A and B are independent, then the probability of B has no bearing on the probability of, or the probability of given B has no bearing on what happens to the probability of A. Therefore, this statement doesn't stand. It's the same as the probability of A. That is, if and only if they tell you that event A and event B are independent, then it would mean that if we'd go back to our conditional probability and we want to find the probability of a joint probability of A and B, if we want to find that probability of A and B, given that they are giving us the probability of A given B, because A and B are independent, therefore the probability of A and B will just be the probability of A multiplied by the probability of B. This only applies for independent events. Only for independent events. Let's say, for example, they give you event A and B, but they are not independent. They ask you to calculate the probability of A. Remember, they ask you to calculate the probability of A and B. Remember the following. If they ask you to calculate the probability of A and B, it is the joint probability. If it's not independent, it's the joint probability of A and B will be crossed. So the number satisfying the joint event divided by N. You must not get confused between the two. This is when not independent. If it's not independent, the joint event of A and B is calculated by using the event satisfying A and B divided by the sample space. But if A and B are independent, then the joint event of A and B is given by the probability of A times the probability of B. There is your exercise. And this will conclude our conditional probability. Same as what we did before we went to break. In the exam, they will give you a statement that reads, calculate the probability O. If the probability of B is equals to 0.2, the probability of A complement is 0.7, and the probability of A given B is 0.9, which is the conditional probability. And you need to find the probability of B given A. So they will give you multiple statements. One of the statements will say which one is the incorrect one and they will give you the answer for the probability of B given A. From those statements, you need to know how to find the probability of B given A. The first step that you need to do to answer this question is to find the probability of A, because they haven't given you the probability of A because you will need it to answer this question. Why? You need to do that. Remember, this is the probability of B given A. So to find the probability of B given A, I'm going to change the color of my pen. To find the probability of B given A, it's the probability of a joint event of A and B divided by the given probability, which is the probability of A. In order to find that probability of A is not given on the statement, you need to first find that probability of A. What else are you not given? You are not given the probability of A and B. Therefore, you need to go find the probability of A and B. How do you find the probability of A and B? You are given the conditional probability of A given B. How did they find that answer? They found this answer by using the probability of, the probability of A and B divided by the probability of B. Therefore, it means 0,9 will be equals to that, because that is your conditional probability. So your probability of A given B. A given B is the probability of A and B divided by the probability of, and then you need to go find the probability of A. Therefore, it means you must use the multiplication rule to find the probability of A and B. Once you have the A and B and you have the probability of A, then you can only find the probability of B given A. And remember, this is one option of many options in your answer. Option A might give you the probability of A, option B might give you the probability of A, option C might give you the probability of B. Remember, you're looking for the correct or incorrect answer in your assignment or in your exam. So you will need to know how to answer each statement. But to find only that one option, correct answer, you need to know how to do step number one, step number two in order for you to get to the answer you are looking for. That is your exercise. I'm gonna give you some time to do it. And then we will come back and do it together. So at 25 to, I will ask you to work it out together. Always remember to keep your mics muted all the time, only unmute when you ask a question or you answer a question or you need to comment. Okay. Anybody who wants to volunteer to assist the rest of the class, you can just unmute yourself and let's wake it out together. Sim. Okay, so it seems like you and I will be coordinating these classes going forward. Okay. Okay, I started with number one, find the probability of A. Since we are not even probability of A, then we have probability of compliment of A. I said it's one minus probability of compliment of A, one minus 0.7. And I got 0.3. Number two, I used the formula that you gave us there for probability of A given B, because you already have 0.9 there. And then we have 0.2 for probability of B. So I used probability of A given B equals to probability of A plus A and B over probability of B. Sorry? The probability or you are here? Yes, I'm there. I'm there for what? Sorry. So it's fine. So I have 0.9. Okay. It equals to probability of A and B over 0.2. Then I cross multiply 0.9 by 0.2 to get the probability of A and B. The answer is 0.18. Then it was easier for me to find probability of B given A, because I have all the figures now. Over probability of A is equals to 0.18 divided by 0.3. The answer is 0.6. And that's how you find the probability of B given A if you are given the probability of A given B. Any questions? If there are no questions, then we move to the independence. Two events are independent. If and only if we already covered some of this, the probability of A given B is equals to the probability of A or the probability of B given A is the same as the probability of B. These two statements, you can use them to verify if two events are independent or dependent on each other. Event A and B are independent when the probability of one event does not affect the other event from happening. And that's independence. For example, using the same values that we had previously, we can determine whether event A and B are independent and we can also determine if they are mutually exclusive. For example, if event A and B are independent, we need to find that the probability of A given B should be the same as the probability of A. The probability of A given B is 0,9. The probability of A, we did find the probability of A, previously it was 0,3, which is the complement of that, which is 0,3, therefore they are not independent because they are not the same. Our event A and B mutually exclusive, therefore it's the event A and B equals to zero. We did find that information because we did calculate it, we said the probability of A and B is 0,18. So the probability of A and B is equals to 0,18, therefore not mutually exclusive. Exclusive. Yes, you can ask. Actually from the previous slide, I think you are moving a little bit fast. Hello? Yes, the slide. No, not this one, the previous one again. Yes, here, I did not really get how did you work out the 0.8? Remember the probability. Sorry, the 0.18. Yes, remember the probability of A given B, which is 0,9, how did they find it? They use the formula, the probability of A and B divided by the probability of A, because if we know, this is the conditional probability formula. Is? Let me use a pointer. So this is your formula. The probability of A given B is given by the probability of A and B divided by the probability of B. Our probability of given, we know that is 0,9. We substitute that into the formula. The probability of A and B, we are not given anyway, so we need to find it. The probability of B, we are given the probability of B, 0,2. We substitute into the formula. Then we cross multiply because we need to find or make the probability A and B subject of the formula. So 0,9 multiplied by 0,2. Which makes 0,9 multiplied by 0,2 is 0,18. Okay, thank you so much. I got it. Thank you very much. Any question? We were on exercise too. If there are no questions, I had several exercises. I'm going to skip exercise one, but you can do exercise one on your own time. You can come back to this video and pause this and do exercise one and also exercise two. They come from the same data. If you look at exercise two, let's say this is one of the exam questions that they will give you. You must see that they have incomplete at the whole table. There are missing information. Missing, missing, missing, missing. You need to complete the whole table in order for you to calculate the probability of NP or boy, which is neuropsychologist and boy. And using the formula, the probability of neuropsychologist plus the probability of a boy minus the probability of neuropsychologist and a boy formula to calculate this. But in order for you to calculate this, you will have to find the totals and complete the whole table. This is your exercise for now. We unpack this exercise. They use the contingency table. And this is, I think it comes from your assignment question. You can also pause the video later on and work through them. Which one of the following statement is incorrect? So, yeah, they're asking you to find only one incorrect statement. But all questions that they're asking you is probability statement that you need to calculate. Remember, they are giving you events. So you will always have to calculate the probability by taking the event. If it's a simple event, you will take the simple event value and divide it by the grand total. So the first one, they're asking you to calculate the simple event of social media. The second one, they are saying is your complement of social media, is it the same as the probability of traditional media? Which is 0,25. You will have to find that. You can either calculate the probability of traditional media and find the complement of that because the complement of traditional media is social media, which they have stated in there. Is it the same? Number three, they are asking you, what is the probability of a simple event for celebrity? So you also need to calculate that simple event. You can use the marginal event or you can use the total to calculate this. All of them are simple events. And the last one is the probability of So this is simple event, spot and star, which is that color. So all of them, they are asking you to calculate the simple event and validate and find the one that is incorrect. The other type of an example that or exercise that you will have in your assignment questions are like this. They also want only one incorrect answer. They have given you option number one, you need to calculate the joint event. When you calculate joint event of celebrity and sports star, celebrity and sports star, you need to tell us if that is correct or incorrect. The probability of a joint event of celebrity and social media, celebrity and social media. The next one, you need to calculate the probability of a joint event of celebrity and traditional media, which is celebrity and social media. And remember, because this are joint event, this is the event satisfying the joint event divided by the total. So you will have to use that. And number four and number five, these are conditional probabilities. The first one, which is option number four is asking, what is the probability of a social media given that the person is a celebrity? So we're going to calculate that conditional probability, which is the joint event of social media and celebrity divided by the given probability, which is probability of celebrity. Option number five, the probability of social media given sports star. Also, the joint event of social media and sports star divided by given probability of sports star. And you will need to find the incorrect answer from there. And I think, let me leave it on exercise number four so that you can do this one. And we will, what time is it now? I don't have my time with me. I'll give you two minutes to look at the statement. Okay. Have you figured it out? Which one is the incorrect statement? I'm not going to give you the answers because this is your assignment questions. So this first statement, option number one is asking you to find the condition, joint probability of celebrity and sports star. Can you find that? Is it, are you able to calculate it? Are you able to find, can celebrity and sports star happen at the same time? No, they can't. No, they can't. And therefore it means there are mutually exclusive events. So when there are mutually exclusive events, the probability of a mutually exclusive event is equals to? Zero. It's equals to zero. Then the second one, they are asking you to find the probability of celebrity and social media, which means you need to use 1,800 because that is the joint event of celebrity and social media. Is it correct? I don't know because you need to calculate it. So events satisfying that divide by the sample space, which is 4,000. So I'm just gonna write only one time. So that will be 8,000 or 1,800 divide by 4,000. And you should get the answer for that joint probability. The second or the third one, find the probability of celebrity and traditional, which is that one. I'm not going to do that. You will have to sort it out and find whether this is correct or incorrect. The last bit, which are option number four and option number five. I'm only going to do one, which is option number four. Probability of social media, given that the person is a celebrity, it's given by the probability of social media and celebrity divide by the probability of celebrity. Which then we need to find the probability of social media and celebrity, which is 1,800 divide by, because it's still an event. We need to divide that by 4,000. And we need to find the probability of, conditional probability of, conditional probability or sorry, the probability of celebrity, which is celebrity, which is that one day. So the probability of celebrity will be 2,285 divide by 4,000, since they both are still event in meds, because this is a division. So we can still write it as 1,800 over 4,000 multiplied when it's a division, we can change the sign. And when we change the sign, we flip the second fraction. So therefore it means 4,000 comes to the top and 2,285 goes to the bottom. And when it's like that in a mathematical way of doing things, then we say 4,000 and 4,000 cancels out and we are left with, we are left with 1,800 divide by 2,285, which then gives us the value of divide by 2,285, 0,79. 0,79. And why did I have to do that one? I didn't know that will be the answer. And you can do also option number five. We're looking for the incorrect statement. You can stop there or you can validate all of the other options. Any question? We have five minutes. With that five minutes, just want to recap on what we did. And close off the session. So what we have done today, by the end of this session, you should be able to complete your assignment one questions and be ready to submit your assignment. And what we've covered today, we looked at the basic concepts of probabilities such as the sample space, the events, contingency table, which are your type of visualization that you can use, like your contingency tables, your VIN diagram and your decision trees. And we looked at what a simple probability is and a joint probability is. We also covered the basic rules of probabilities, which includes the conditional probabilities, which are the probability of A or B. We also looked at when do events become mutually exclusive and when they are collectively exhaustive. We also looked at conditional probabilities, which included the multiplication rule and the independence. Because with the multiplication rule, you just cross because you are looking for the probability of A and B. And for independent event, if the conditional probability of A and B, if the conditional probability of A given B, then it will be the same as the probability of A, because what happened to B has no bearing on what is happening to the probability of A. And that's all what we've covered today.  And if we look at some of the formulas, I must highlight this. Some of the formulas that you will be using for answer the basic probabilities that you always need to remember is for compliment event, which is the probability of A will always be one minus the probability of a compliment. And for additional rule, we use the probability of A or B and remember if and only if the event A and B are mutually exclusive. Therefore then the addition rule or the probability of A or B will just be the probability of A plus the probability of B. What else? And yes, and also for only if and only if an A and B are independent or they tell you that they are independent then also the conditional probability of A given B will just be the probability of A. Or the probability of the conditional probability of B given A will just be the probability of B. Like the joint probability of A and B or conditional probabilities, if and only if the events are independent then the probability of A and B will be the probability of A times the probability of B. Or you can write it as the probability of B times the probability of A. It means one and the same thing. And that's it for today. If you have any questions. Yeah, just one for me. In the example, I don't give you these formulas, right? They do give you these formulas in the exam. So for example, let's say, because now there's going to be a confusion.  Your exams are not proctored. So nobody is watching what you are doing on your own spare time. So you have all the formulas.  You need to go to your NISA center and write your exam. Then you need to know the following. Formulas are only going to be given. That formula and that formula will definitely be given to you. Only those two formulas. The rest, you can derive them from using those formula. If you are given the conditional probability, you should be able to calculate the multiplication rule formula. You should know how to find the independent rule formula. The only other formula that they might give you is just the probability of A. They might say it's X over N because we also, at the later stage, when we do the probabilities as well, especially when we in some later on in hypothesis testing and sampling distributions, we're going to be using some of these concepts again. So they will give you this formula that looks like this. And they might also give you the formula for the joint probability. Remember that formula for the joint probability is just the joint probability for events satisfying the joint event divided by N, which is different to when the events are independent. You need to be very careful as well. So if events are independent, then we use this formula only for independent. Otherwise, the event satisfying event, joint event divided by the sample space. So those are the only formulas you will get in the exam. You will not get the complement formula in the exam. You need to know that there is one minus the other event that you are given. You will not be given the multiplication law or formula. You will need to know that it's the same. You will not be given the probability of B given A. You will only be given one way. It says the probability of A and B. And you will also be given the probability of A or B. But they will not give you for independent event or sort of for mutually exclusive event the way we know that the joint event is zero. They will not give you that. You just need to know that. Okay, any other questions? No questions? If there are no questions, enjoy the rest of the weekend. Please don't be strangers. If you need help with your assignment, there is WhatsApp and there is my UNISA for us to engage and I should be able to help you. And thank you, Yuhan, for posting on my UNISA. Last week I had challenges with logging onto my UNISA. I did see your comments. I will go through them and respond. Thank you very much, guys. Enjoy the rest of your weekend. Don't be strangers. I'm here to help you. And I want to see you succeed and pass this module. Thank you very much. Thank you very much.


All right, we have six different classifications for synovial joints. And I'm going to list them out for you, and then we're going to go look for some examples. So one type of synovial joint that we have is the hinge joint. The hinge operates like a door hinge, and it allows movement in one plane. It's called a uniaxial joint because of that. We have two other uniaxial joints. These are the planar joint. A planar joint does this kind of movement. A hinge does this kind of movement. And you also have the gliding joint. No, excuse me. The planar is this, really, the same thing as the gliding. That was awesome. And then let's write that down. My other uniaxial joint, oh, the pivot joint. The pivot joint allows movement like, oh, that. There are some joints that those joints all allow movement in one plane, like if you did a section and then could only move in that line of section. That is a uniaxial joint. Okay, let's write that down. If you have uniaxial, don't you think we also have biaxial? Oh, you know it's true. Biaxial joints allow movement in two planes. And guess what? We've got two of them. And both of my biaxial joints kind of make me want to cry. Like, I can imagine a uniaxial joint allowing movement in a single plane. I can imagine a multiaxial joint allowing movement in many planes. But this whole biaxial phenomenon, I have, like, what, really?  You have the saddle joint, uh-huh, and you have the condylar joint. Ready? The saddle joint is found where your thumb connects to the rest of your can. So where the Lange number one connects to your metacarpals, that is a condylar joint. Excuse me, that's a saddle joint. The way I remember it is that I need this structure. I need my thumb to get into my saddle and ride my horse. The condylar joint? What? I'll show you a picture of it. Somebody, you know, give me a lesson because I can't even begin to visualize this joint. But you find them here, between your phalanges and your metacarpals. So it's almost like the same location for your thumb is a saddle, but that location for your fingers is the condylar. I just go, sure, and then our multiaxials. Give me an example. We can go everywhere. These guys are ball and socket. These are ball and socket joints, and your shoulder and your hip are examples of that. Okay, let's go look. Ready? Oh, what do you know? I've got them right here. How great is that? Let's go, oh, look, and you can still see everything. Where on this drawing is my multiaxial joint? Here's my hip joint, right here, and you can see that we've got a lot of movement that's possible. Here's my joint, the place where the joint, ball, socket, there you go. There's lots of movements possible there. All right, take a deep breath. Here, yeah, really. Here's my example. This is my thumb. Oh, look, it isn't between. This is between the metacarpal and the carpal at the thumb joint. It's actually the hammy bone, I think, and whatever. It doesn't even matter. So it's right here, actually, that is my saddle joint. And it apparently looks like this, which kind of looks saddily to me. All right, that's cool. And then my condylar joints, okay, let's just go down just a tad so that you can see this. My condylar joints, whatever, I don't know how that ends up like that, but look at the location there. I would imagine you would also find a condylar joint here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here. And apparently those, I mean, you can kind of visualize that. You can get motion in two planes, but why that isn't multi-axial? I don't know. Maybe somebody whose brain works in three dimensions better than mine can explain that to me. Look, here is atlas and axis, and that is a pivot joint. That one, I can visualize that one. And then we have our good friend, the hinge. Elbow, which is my elbow. Don't get your little red things confused because I've made the multi-axials red as well. And then my friend, the planar joint. Unfortunately, where's that guy? Yeah, right there. What, we're back here again? Please don't do that to me. Can anybody visualize the movement between their purples? I mean, I'll accept that you can move in there. But why you don't call that a amphiorthrosis? You got me, but those are our types of synovial joints. Synovial joints are one classification of structure, and there's six classifications of structure. Beneath them, there's six types of synovial joints, and all of them are diarthrosis. Shall we talk about movements that can happen at synovial joints? You know we should.


So, we just stick these values into the Lorentz transformations and we find the difference in time in Bob's reference frame is v over c squared gamma L a. Or, using what we know about length contraction, L a equals L d on gamma, v over c squared L b. So now we have a quantitative result for the time difference that Bob measures between two events that are simultaneous in Alice's frame. So what does this depend on? Well, the first term is v over c squared. So in other words, in our everyday life, when velocity is much smaller than the speed of light, we don't notice this. But as the velocity gets larger, so does this effect. The other thing it depends on is the spacing between these two events. So if the events happen further and further apart, they are less and less simultaneous in Bob's frame. In other words, a separation in space in Alice's frame corresponds to a separation in time in Bob's. This is related to what we said earlier about how the Lorentz transformations being symmetric implies that space and time are related.


I'm John Johnson, Automotive Systems Marketing at ST Microelectronics. Today we're going to have a brief discussion about the power stage of the traction inverter in electric vehicles. We'll discover how key technology like silicon carbide and IGBTs help electric cars go further on a single charge. So hop in and let's go! From an energy efficiency standpoint that is watt hours per mile, an electric vehicle is approximately 60% efficient while internal combustion engines come in at about 20%. For the traction drive comprising the inverter and motor, efficiency hevers at over 90%. The traction inverter connects to the high voltage bus provided by the main battery. Some major components of the traction and drive include the motor, the power stages with associated drivers, motor current and position feedback usually resolver, a microcontroller a processor to control torque and speed, various communications interfaces, a power supply and functional safety elements. For the remainder of our time we'll focus on the power stages. Major design considerations for the traction inverter power stage include efficiency, thermal performance, emissions that is EMI, size, cost and safety. There are tradeoffs for each of these factors depending on the power stage technology chosen. Let's look at these technologies a little closer. Specific operational parameters for each vehicle system largely determine which transistor slash switch technology is most suitable. These use cases for example the traction inverter have requirements to dictate how much power needs to be switched as well as transistor switching speeds. As shown in the diagram the characteristics of IGBTs and silicon carbide map well into the requirements for the traction inverter. Silicon carbide has unique properties that make it ideally suited for traction inverter power stages. These properties make it possible to build some amazing transistors and diodes that map well into traction inverter power stage design requirements. Silicon carbide transistors deliver operation at higher temperature, lower loss, higher voltage, faster switching and smaller side. The chart illustrates one primary characteristic of IGBTs, hybrids and silicon carbide power stages from an energy efficiency standpoint. It graphically shows one advantage of silicon carbide. The loss is shown comprised switching and conduction losses. If overall efficiency is the ultimate objective then silicon carbide is the clear choice. If the design is cost constrained then IGBTs or a hybrid approach might be considered. Of course one other factor to take into account is the time and cost associated with thermal design. A good place to start is to talk about packaging. Here are a couple of other power device packaging examples, HU3PAC and the ACE. Both provide great form factor options as well as cooling performance. The ACEPAC enables ST to build highly integrated drive products for electrification applications. ST microelectronics provides differentiated performance for most of the key components comprising a traction inverter system. From simple EST protection devices, robust silicon carbide power stages and their associated gate drivers to sophisticated ASLD compliant microcontrollers, ST has it covered. So give your local sales team a call or contact us at www.st.com. I'm John Johnson for ST Microelectronics.


With the heating up of the abortion debate the phrase legislative morality has come back into more frequent use This week the Washington Post printed a letter to the editor with the headline Anti-abortion legislation is prohibition all over again the author complains quote Prohibition was an attempt by government to legislate morality unquote Hello, this is Ryan McMacon, and you're listening to radio Rothbard Similarly state legislator Kirk Hatcher of Montgomery, Alabama Who opposed the state's legislation that nearly bans abortion states quote we can't legislate morality We can't legislate hearts unquote and last week DNC activist Marissa Richmond declared the problem with the GOP these days is it's quote trying to legislate morality That's not the role of government unquote when used the general formula is this that law I don't like amounts to legislating morality, and we all know you shouldn't do that The problem with this inane line of argument, of course, is that nearly every law involves legislating morality of some sort It doesn't exactly require an outlandish amount of study to see that laws against murder and theft are cases of Legislating morality Courts legislators and law givers and most times in places have declared murder and theft Variously defined to be illegal acts precisely because most considered these acts to be immoral Laws against fraud exist because cheating people is regarded as immoral laws against rape exist because it's morally repugnant Certainly, there may be other reasons also given for making these activities illegal Outlawing theft and fraud are good for economic growth, for example But if the opposite were shown to be true It's hard to imagine many people declaring that swiping a child's bike from his driveway ought to be perfectly legal But we don't have to limit our analysis to big and obvious cases like murder How about laws regulating minimum wages is not the argument here that it's somehow immoral to pay people below a certain amount Certainly proponents of minimum wage laws are known to denounce opponents as greedy Inhumane and a number of other things all of which amount to calling the person in question immoral If creating a minimum wage is not a matter of legislating morality Then why are those who oppose the legislation regarded as immoral? The welfare state is similarly based on calls for legislating morality The claim is that it's immoral to leave families without some sort of taxpayer-funded safety net Opponents of such schemes of course just want people to die. That is their immoral Indeed, it's difficult to think of many laws at all that aren't justified in some way on a moral foundation Consider for example a local law on whether or not County X will have three DMV locations or two This might seem at first like a mere administrative question But the argument for there being three locations could be this Don't the people of tinyville deserve a DMV location that is convenient do the proponents of only two DMV locations Think the rural people of this County have all day to drive to Biggsville to register their cars We rural folk have families and jobs too The retort to this could then be Those people of tinyville want to steal even more money from the taxpayers of Biggville to fund their unnecessary extra DMV location and so on So when proponents of abortion declare anti-abortion laws to be matters of legislating morality What they really mean is these laws are based on a version of morality. I don't like After all there's nothing morality free about the pro-abortion position The position is that it's immoral to restrict a woman's freedom to get a legal abortion This is so immoral in their minds that they denounce anti-abortion activists as being hate-mongers enemies of women or worse For them the answer lies in you guessed it Legislating morality through federal laws prohibiting state and local governments from enacting abortion restrictions Meanwhile anti-abortion activists think the unborn baby is a person who deserves legal rights Thus their version of legislating morality involves prohibiting what they see as the killing of a person The fundamental difference between the two sides is not that one of them legislates morality while the other doesn't Both sides want laws that reflect their own moral views The abortion debate helps us to illustrate that the real issue behind whether or not a law legislates morality is whether or not There is an identifiable victim From the pro-abortion point of view if the unborn baby is not really a person then the crime quote-unquote has no victim on The other hand the anti-abortion position is that there is a clear and identifiable victim This distinction comes into play in other contexts where the term legislate morality is used in the case of the drug war For example those who oppose drug prohibitions claim that there is no identifiable victim That is the drug user is using potentially harmful substances of his own free will similarly opponents of prohibitions on prostitution argue that both the prostitute and his or her client are willing Participants in a contractual relationship Thus in these cases it is argued there is no victim and it would be immoral to prevent these people from doing as they please The other side of course might argue that there are real victims in these cases They might argue that prostitutes aren't really willing participants or that drug users aren't making free choices due to ignorance or addiction Thus when the author of the Washington Post letter compares alcohol prohibition to anti-abortion laws He's missing an important point Nearly everyone today regards alcohol prohibition as foolish because most regard the drinking of alcohol in most cases as a victimless activity But opponents of abortion maintain that it is not the case when it comes to deliberately terminating a pregnancy But in all these cases the argument hinges on whether or not there are victims and not whether one side is legislating morality Thank you for listening to radio Rothbard. Have a wonderful day For more content like this visit mises.org


The people living with disabilities have appealed to the Kiti state government to make their medical facilities conducive for easy access for them. Speaking at the two days of strategic training of journalists and community health care workers in Kiti state, Kola Wole Joyeba said many health workers have no knowledge on how to attend to people with disabilities in their facilities.   So you see how double the problem is and again we see that on health matter it is actually not easy at all. I remember I changed the hospital two months before I delivered because of the attitude of the doctor in my first hospital, the two worst persons with disabilities, all because I am a woman with disability. So I had to change the hospital to order a hospital where I delivered. Changing the facility in the hospital to be accessible for persons with disabilities, sign language interpreter in all the medical facilities, and the attitude of the doctors and the nurses should be the global standard and acceptable one for the commission of persons with disabilities.


T-F-N-N, Headline News Update. Everyone, Basel Chapman here on this Thursday, December the 23rd, this is the long weekend sauce for us at the end of the day today, because there's nothing going on tomorrow and we'll be back on Monday, have a wonderful Christmas everyone. We're looking at the Dow up to $25,000 at $35,977. This is really important because these three big candles. This is kind of like takeoff time, when you take off. Now the big question for me, I haven't yet got a confirmed buy mode. Everything looks like it should be in the Dow because of the kind of price movement. The technicals are not confirming except the 90 cross above the 14, fabulous. That's a big positive. So far, everything looks very good. Going into the close, although I did expect that by three o'clock this afternoon, we'll start to see some kind of selling. It doesn't have to happen. I'm just saying, I suspect that'll happen. The S&P, so the Dow is up 0.63%. The S&P is at 0.70%. A very nice move. It's within fractions of making a leg D in the daily chart, but yet it's still under the 47, 43, 83 all-time high. Very close to that. We'll see if next week we pop over 47, 43. Wow, that'll be spectacular. That'll make the monthly chart leg B in the trapway methodology. We're always looking for at least four higher peaks in a buy mode. This is a monthly buy mode in the S&P. There should be higher highs to come in 2022. We're looking at the QQQ and the X100 trading up 70.77% up 3 and 397. Now it's starting to pick up some energy. It's above the resistance. That's a good sign. IWM is the lag it, but it's trying to play catch up here. It's up 0.56 and 221. It really needs the 224, 225 area to say, hey, I'm alive and well. Gold is just kind of meandering here. It is up. It's up 5 at 1807. I don't see the spark yet from the 200-period moving average that it's on to say it's going to use that as a propellant. So far, no matter how high and no matter how low, it comes right back to this 200-period moving average. It's like a fulcrum right in the middle there. And that price is at 1806 and we're at 1807 right now. It needs to trade in the 1820s to say, I'm on my way up. If you look at Crude Oil, Crude Oil is holding quite nicely here. And if you look at the TLT, oh, I never did much of that in my show. I should have. The TLT is really important. Sharp decline, that means rates are going a little higher. That's very interesting. Now, don't forget you've got the Tiger Dollars at TFNM.  You've got Latin Piz event are coming up. You've got Tinker Swim, Steve Rhodes, Dave White, and you've got Tom O'Brien wrapping up the show and have a wonderful Christmas everyone. I check out my opening call, my daily music. See you on Monday.


Humanity's addiction to fossil fuels has to end, we all know that. But the problem of how to power our lives without them is one of the biggest challenges scientists face today. I'm on my way to meet an expert who may have found a solution. Hi, I'm Esme, nice to meet you. Hi, I'm Nick. So what's brought us here today? Behind us, we actually have the tape modern. Now the tape, before it was an art gallery, actually used to be a power station supplying energy across the city and the country. And at the UKAA we are trying to develop this new energy source called fusion energy. I've heard of fusion and I've heard people get really excited about it but what actually is it? Fusion is the process that powers the sun and in fact, the power's all stars. Right inside the centre of our sun you get atoms made of nuclei and it's the nuclei of small light elements that come together under extreme conditions inside the centre of the sun. And when they're under the pressure of those extreme conditions they can actually get so hot and so energetic that they fuse together. And that fusion is actually what produces the energy for the sun to create its heat and light. Right here you have a demonstration for me. Yeah, I certainly do. Shall we go and check it out? All right. So you're trying to create the conditions of the sun here on Earth. How is that even possible? Yeah, it does sound quite a challenge. And it is. And we need to create some very extreme conditions and we need to create a plasma inside our machines. And what is plasma? Plasma is actually what we have here inside our plasma wall.  Plasma is actually just the fourth state of matter. We all know about solids and you can heat those up, melt them into a liquid and then you heat up a liquid, boils and evaporates into a gas but then when you heat a gas it can actually get super hot and ionized into plasma. At our fusion site in Oxfordshire we put in our hot hydrogen gas until it turns into a plasma and then we can control all of that hot plasma with powerful magnets. It all sounds very clever. How far have you got with fusion? So we've actually come quite far. Not long ago our jet machine achieved a world record for fusion energy output. We proved that you can actually produce a high level of fusion energy for a sustained amount of time and that's a really crucial thing for us to be able to prove that we can do it over a small amount of time now and then we'll make it happen over a much longer amount of time when we scale it up to power plants. Amazing and tell me about the research you're bringing to the summer science exhibition. One of the key challenges in fusion is actually dealing with high heat loads. So around the edges of the machine we have to develop materials that can withstand some level of heat and we also are trying to reduce that heat load using what's called a diverter where we can actually steer the plasma down into these exhaust channels and help us to get rid of some of the excess heat and also get rid of some by-products that might have built up to make a more efficient, stable plasma and meaning we don't need to repair and replace parts of the fusion machines when we make power stations out of this stuff. How far away are we from seeing fusion power plants here on Earth? We hope that we're not actually that far away. We're moving into what we call the delivery era where now our focus is on trying to develop the full-scale fusion power plants of the future. One of our main projects we're working on right now is STEP and this is actually a UK design for a prototype fusion power plant in this country and STEP is aiming to be on the grid by 2040 so really not that long away to wait and we're really excited about our STEP project. Incredible. Well, there you go. Harnessing the power of the sun here on Earth could give us sustainable energy in the future.


Monday, Thalmas, can you hear me? We're hoping that we're able to have that connection with Monday. Monday, can you hear me? Monday, can you hear me? Match day three, hopefully, not even day three. I mean, we're talking about Thought Please Down. Madagascar would be playing Gere Public, and that'll be today. And for the final game would be between Algeria and Senegal. That's for February the 4th. It's on Saturday. That's tomorrow. But looking at it so far, I mean, a lot of people are saying that it probably might just be going to Senegal. Senegal would be such an outstanding team so far. They have been very great in terms of their performance. Let's also not forget that when Algeria met Niger at the time, it was 5-0. And, you know, maybe, just maybe, Algeria will be taking that one at the final. Goofy, I don't know what your thoughts are. I see you nodding your head. And you're thinking about more analysis. Yes. Because I think that Senegal is also a strong team.  It might just be two teams. It might be difficult to decide who becomes a winner. Yes, indeed, Mercy. The African Nations Championship is an interesting tournament. And we've been following it right from the beginning. I think that the World Cup took a bit of a shine because people have been filled to the brim with the World Cup and may not be too keen on following an African Championship like this. But it is important that people follow because the games have been at high level, highest level of national team. Do is a tournament for African-based players. You know, is a tournament for African-based players. So it gives us a chance to see local eagles, for instance, local Black Stars, local Atlas Lions, local Ferros, local Teranga Lions, local Indomitable Lions. And let's see the local talent that these teams have, you know, in store. So that's what I was thinking of CAF. But I think Monday is back. So Mercy, you can go and ask your question. Well, Monday, we are asking that what exactly becomes of these two teams tomorrow?  But for today, Madagascar and Niger Republic, for the third place, what do you see panning out? I mean, it's a fantastic tournament ongoing in Algeria and without a doubt, you wouldn't doubt that. The Algerian side who are the host nation will be making it to the final. Well, in every African Cup of Nations in this order, it is always, it goes to show how good the local leagues have been. And Nigeria did not make it to the Chan just because I'm pretty sure it's an obvious reason. We did not have our league ongoing and our league was in a very poor state. But I'm thankful. I'm happy that things are taking shape in the current season of the NPFL. But let's see what is happening in Algeria later on tonight. We'll see Nijay taking on Madagascar. Nijay knocked out Ghana. And this is not the first time they knocked out Ghana. They also knocked out Ghana in 2011. So it is a tournament where everyone is showing that they are not minors. For Madagascar, this is the first ever appearance at the African Nations Championship. Look at how far they went to the semifinal and now they'll be playing for third place. It's going to be a colossal encounter later on tonight. But for the finals, it's certainly going to be a great game because the Senegalist League is working very well. They produce great players, week in, week out, they produce great players year in, year out. I mean, it's a fantastic league going on in Senegal and for Algeria.  If you take a look at the Egyptians, they are the most successful. As far as the African is concerned, if you take a look at the competition scope and as well as the CAF Champions League, they had a nothing as well, always running with it. So they have a great league. They have a great league and that final is certainly going to go down to the wire. It's not going to be a one that we'll easily predict but if I'm just going to flip my papers and take a look at the antecedents of Algeria and their local clubs, I think Algeria will be sending me to go later on tomorrow. And Monday, how? I mean, the Chan, the Championship of African Nations or African Nations Championship as you may want to call it is for African-based players. How much can we say this is a barometer of how well the local leagues are performing because I'm looking at countries that have strong leagues in Africa. If you want to look at the CAF Champions League over the years, you won't look at the Cop Winners Cup, the CAF Cup, now they turn into Confeditions Cup over the past years. I mean, I don't see those countries doing well. I mean, look at the winners of the CAF Champions League for the past three years. Wider Casablanca, Morocco, Al Ali, of course, the most successful club in Africa, Egypt, Esperance, Tunisia. You have Mamalouli Sundown, South Africa, TP Mazembe, DR Congo. These are the countries that we have been seeing and of course, who won it back to back in 2003 and 2004. These are the countries that we know do well on the African stage. So Morocco, Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, you have Nigeria, Ghana, DR Congo, but we're seeing Madagascar push it themselves all the way to the semi-finals of this competition. We're seeing Niger push themselves all the way to the semi-finals of this competition. Even Senegal, you talked about. I can't even remember the last time any Senegalese team did Superb or Fantastic at the CAF Champions League. I'll even rate the Ivorian League in a way, clubs like Club Africa are second to most higher than the Senegalese League. Look at countries like Mozambique, doing well, Mauritania. So where is Cameroon? Why are we seeing Cameroon do well? Ghana, that got beat by Niger. It made me so sad. Why aren't the Ghanians doing well? To some great extent, to some great extent, to some great extent, to some great extent, it goes to show how good the local leagues are. I'm not saying completely because there are some countries that their football association is working. You can't tell me the football association of the Senegalese side can be compared to any other country. These are sides that we've seen them at the World Cup. They are the current winners of the Afghan. So let's say that the football association is working very right to ensure that whatever they put on in the national stage is something quality. Well, of course, I'll agree with you that Senegalese League, when it comes to the Kaif Convergence Cup and the Kaif Chapter Just League, they're not the talk of the town. But when it comes to the national team right now, they are a side that everyone can't beat, everyone is trying to beat. They are forced to reckon with. So I'll agree with you, but when it comes to the likes of Morocco, if you can remember starting this tournament, Morocco qualified, but they have some kind of political issue with Algeria because of their games and they were forced by Kaif to withdraw. All right. So for Morocco, you may mention of one athletic of Morocco. Of course, they have a great football team when it comes to club football, but Morocco could not make it to the tournament because of political issues they have with Algeria. For Egypt, Egypt will also have a repertoire of winning titles when it comes to club in Africa, but they do not qualify to the tournament. I understand your argument. They are not doing so well, but they are through to the big stages the likes of Madagascar and Nijay. They also made mention of Congo, Tipi Mazzimbe. I'd like to say that it's really can make up a forest. You can only mention one club from Congo, right? What happens to the other club? So if Tipi Mazzimbe are doing well, they can't completely show that in Congo the club football is great. So it's only Tipi Mazzimbe you can actually point at. For Nigeria, I think they did not make it to that competition because our league was in a very poor state. It was, right? But right now, I'm very proud of it. All right. Let's look at all the issues that we have. Moving away from that, we look at the issue of the NFF paying Super Falcons, the Nations Cup bonuses. I mean, that game though has been played. But I'd like to ask, why is this a recurrent incident? Why does this happen every all the time for us? Mercy, I'm very sure you're from Nigeria, just like I am. It doesn't work like I hear. The country where when it comes to football, we have to expect this because it's been happening time and time again and hopefully the new administration are going to turn a new leaf. Like I said, this is not the first time. I think way back in 2010 and 2016, we have bonuses delayed. And for these bonuses that were paid some days ago, it's just for the first three games. The first three games and the quarterfinals. That is the game where in the group stages and the one in the quarterfinal, the bonuses for the semifinals and as well as the third place, not been paid yet. So we see how to wait. But I think it's late, but better late than never. We know that the country is still developing. Of course, Nigeria is a developing country and we should not take it so hard. It is wrong, completely wrong for bonuses to be delayed. We should understand with the Nigerian economy whether people running football and just pray and be optimistic that things will change for better. And just counting down about 12 days ago for that revelation cup that invitational tournaments we played in Mexico. I'm pretty sure they're trying to just get the girls motivated for the competition. I saw the squad, very good squad and they're just trying to motivate the girls by letting them know hey, we still have you in our minds. We still want you to pay our bonuses. But why does this have to happen? Why does it have to happen this way? It's just like seven weeks or seven months and a few weeks to the next tournament and this is going on. First your guess is as good as mine. Seriously, I don't know man, but we have to this is a country that it happens all the time. So I don't know, are we expecting that it should have been paid earlier? I didn't now expect that. We shouldn't have this money. I mean if you're asking me should Debbie owed in the first place? That's the question. They shouldn't be owed because football you play there is no pension for football. So if you play you've got to get your money so that you can take care of yourself so they can come back for the next challenge. But in Nigeria, we see that that's not the case. They don't think like that when it comes to football administrators. But I'm just taking a look at the positives that the money is laid but at least it's before the revelation cup and to boost this girl's motivation to represent Nigeria in the upcoming World Cup as well. Alright, let's see what happens like you said, it's the same old story with Nigerian football and the administration of football in the country. Maybe we should just finally hand football over to some combatants and former players who've been around the world and who've seen the standards and how things are done What is happening? Around the world. Alright Monday, thank you very much. We're looking forward to the weekend. I cannot personally wait to see how Arsenal first. This weekend probably win the league but I'm still on top rather with the new acquisitions like Georgino Kivio and Trousad trying to help the team to win the EPL. But it's a good time to be an Arsenal fan. Sorry, it's a good time to be an Arsenal fan. It's going to be alright. I'll say Arsenal at the point. Alright, alright. I'll say Go ahead. The talking point right now is Chelsea. Of course, of course. In the space of six months of Toi Boli led administration of signed eight players I think 14 players, eight of them in the general transport and in total they've spent about 585 million pounds in about six months. I think there should be the talking point. All I should be on Chelsea and see what they do today at the London Derby at 9pm when they take on Fulham. Everyone wants to see Chelsea. They want to see Madrid. We have to go now. I'm sure the headline will be when you spend 700 million euros and then get beat by Fulham. That would be a good hand. Thank you so much for your time Monday. Thank you so much. What's the size of your package? We don't talk about Liverpool these days. I know you're trying to true shade. It's a subtle one but it's fine. My club is not in England. It's been a very difficult season for Liverpool. I'm not even sure that I'm keeping up because it's really heartbreaking to watch Liverpool for all of that. She'll bounce back. She'll bounce back. It's been a conversation. Thank you so much for being with us. It's been an amazing week Monday up until this moment. We do really appreciate your time and we look forward to having you join us next week for the breakfast but of course the programming continues with the news. Of course at 9pm this morning the news brief and for the rest of the day please just stay tuned. Go and get your permanent My name is Kofi Bartels and I am messy but we'll have a fantastic morning.


Good morning everybody. Betta fishing here. Today I'm fishing for carbs. I'm over here at Central Park for the lake. I'm using sweet corn, which is right here. Carbs love sweet corn and bread, but I don't have bread so I guess I'll stick with corn anyways. But today I found this which I was very lucky. I found a net man. Free net and it's in good condition. So I'll be using this net to catch the carbs. So stay tuned and bear with me guys.  Peace. Stay tuned guys. Yeah, we just got out here. Let's see what's up on this spot man. It looks promising. And maybe we could get a few carbs from this little spot over here. We just found this net. Let's put it to good use man. Betta fishing here. We gotta be careful man. This freaking carp man, they're sneaky man. So I'm using my polarized glasses to see them from far.  Put this over here. My book back down. Let me put it. Let me get this corn that we're using right now. You know sweet corn baby for the carbs. They love it. And white bread. So I see one in front of me. He's a turtle. So you know stay tuned guys. So we could do this on this spot. I'll be back. Got one. Oh my god. It's pulling drag baby. Let's go. We got another carp baby. First one of the day baby. Let's go. I'm using corn right now. All right. Look at it right here. He's a good size. Damn man.  Let me try to remove it.  Finally moved the lug man. Let's go man. Get over here. This one feels good baby. I'll be over here at the lake catching carbs. Ah get over here man. Quit fighting man. This one feels good. Let me get the net. Ah get over here. I want to lose this one. Get over here. Get over here. Get in the net. Get in the net. Ah got it. Ah oh my god. This one is heavy bro. This one is a good size. Ah we got a common carp over here. Oh man look at this big beast man. On the net baby. Let's go. That's what I'm talking about baby. On the net baby. Ah don't splash man. Oh Jesus. Hey quit it quit it quit it. Ah oh man. Ah look at this beast baby. Oh my god bro. Jeez this is a good one. Heavy too. Like 10 pounder or something. She's barely hooked over there. See them off. Man bro look at this big carp bro. Look at this good one man. First another day we just caught. I'm using a net right now you know. Let me put it back man. I don't want to injure these good fish. Let me put over here in the net. Get the pliers. Look at this beautiful carp man. Let me take all the hook. Got the hook out. Bro see what I'm saying bro. This one I'm talking about man is go carp. Let's go for the release man. Let me put her back on the net and just release her. Look at this big carp bro. Release bro. Let's go for the quick release. Let's go go go go. There she goes. There she goes. Beautiful carp man. Try to get more man. Fall on this rock. About to set the hook. Got it. I know them a second one of the day baby. Let's go. Let's hope it's a carp. And not a catfish.  Let me give a line. Come on come on come on. Get off that log man. He's stuck bro. He's stuck under a log or something. Oh I can feel it I can feel it. Come on get away from there man. Oh I think he's out. Oh my god man he's stuck under a log or something man. Oh I got he got out he got out he got out. Yeah he got out. Get over here. Oh my god he went to another log. Oh it's over here I got it. Let's see what it is. I know the carp baby. Oh these ones are not that big. Small one. Let me get the net yo. Let me get the net. Get over here don't go back to the log man. Damn I got the net over here. Get over here. Oh he's splashing. Little one but hey it's another one. Come on baby. Let's use this net man that we found over here on 72nd Street. I want to fall for this little carp. But where is it? Get over here. Second one baby.  Get over here. Get over here.  Get in the net. Get in the net. Get in the net. Get in the net. Got it. Oh man much easier man with a net. Much easier. The first one was bigger. This one is a little smaller but we still managed to catch her on the corn. Let me get the pliers. Let me see. Well I need the pliers. Again man second one of the day man. Second carp under that baby. Let's go making our job easier. I gotta retie this one cause she was hooked on the log. Oh don't splash me baby. Oh this is a smaller one. Probably like three pound. Second one man. Same spot on corn with the net. Oh man I'm maybe gonna take pictures man. I just want a video. Little carp man. I know a lot of my viewers and friends hate me fishing for carp or catfish. They think that's corny you know they only go for bass and craps and all that you know. But hey we can hate man. We can hate on carp. They need love too man. Let's go for the quick release man. Let me pour her back on the net.  Damn there's more over there splashing. Man let's go for the quick release. This one.  Be free. Be free. Ah there he goes. He was stuck in the net but. Oh man second one man. I was fishing for bass but I found this this net and I started fishing for carp you know. So second one of the day. Little smaller. There's gotta be one around here man. Another carp. Let's go for carp number three man. On corn. With this net man that we just found over here on the lake. And I'm using my polarized sunglasses man you know to see if we find one. Or if I spot one. Let's see what's up around here man. We deep inside the woods man. On 72nd Street bro. There's a little windy today you know. So bear with me guys. Bear with me. It's gonna be a go beat it today. Let me stop around here man and let's see. They always around here under this log. Not even one bro. Let me stop the video here. And I continue when we hook the third one. I'll be back guys. Stay tuned. Bro another one. Carp number three is taking it. I'm about to set the hook. Let's go baby. Another one. Then he's really sunny over here. Damn this one is far. Let me run over here. In the shadow. Oh man this one is pulling drag baby. Let's go. That's what I'm talking about baby. I'll be back we back. Carp number three baby. If we land it. This one feels a little a little bit good. It's really sunny over here. Come on baby get over here. This one feels strong baby. Thank God I got the net over here man. Easier for us to land it. Get over here. It's giving me a little fight man. This carps over here. They strong man. On 72nd street. On Central Park. The lake. I'm fishing in the third spot over here next to the boar house. In the restaurant over here. Oh man I gotta turn around this way man because the freaking sign is black in the camera view. It's getting near me. Oh this one feels good baby. I gotta get the net. Ah he's going for another one. Let's move over here near the net. Get over here. This one feels good baby. It's still giving me a fight. Get over here. What do I gotta lose? Still fighting. You better be in car baby. Come on get over here. Carp number three. Another carp. Over here. Ah man get over here. Let me get the net yo. Carp number three baby. Let's go. We got any luck today with this corn. Sweet corn. This net that we found. Get over here. Get over here. Get over here. Ah man it splashed me almost. Ah got it. Let's go baby. This one feels heavy. Oh my god. This one feels heavy. And I'm a measure it too. Oh my god bro. I hope the sun is not blacking me. Carp number three baby. Let's go. It looks small but look. It's long and big. Against my feet. My foot whatever. Oh my god this is a good one. Let me get the pliers baby. Let's go. Another carp baby. We got any luck today man. Carp number three baby. From this new spot we moved the hook. That's what you get little carp.  There you go. Got you. Let me see if I can pick it up. Oh man there he goes. He got a loose bra. And bra was going to freaking pick it up. They get a good picture but hey whatever. He was caught anyway man. Carp number three man. Let's go. Quick release. So you know let's go for carp number four baby. I hope we get a coy. Let's go baby. That's what I'm talking about on this spot man. I hope the freaking sun wasn't blacking our view. But hey lucky net. Carp number three. Let's go for carp number four baby. On this spot today. Oh man we need carp number four. Oh this one got it. One got it. Oh one got it. Carp number four baby. Let's go. Oh man these damn sun man. Come on let's go. Carp number four baby. Let's go. Same spot. Are we recording? Yep. That's what I'm talking about baby. Ah this one is pulling baby. Ah this one feels good too. Same as carp number three. Get over here baby. Oh I need the net man. One of the hikes that I put is all the way up there. Ah this one feels good. Ah this one is good baby. Come on we can't lose this one man. Carp number four. Another common carp I could see it. Get over here. Hey look at these turtle over here chilling. Man come on. Get over here. Oh I need the net man. Let me run up and get it. I better not lose this one. Ah let me put the net over here. Damn he went far. They're loving this corn man. Sweet corn. Ah they're loving it man. I'm letting it sink without no weight or no bobber so you look more natural. Get over here. This one is a decent one man. This is a good one. Ah man I better not lose this one. Here comes the sun again. Get over here. Carp number four baby. It needs a good one. Ah let me get the net. Get over here.  Get over here. Ah got it.  This is a oh man I need the freaking hook. I need to remove the hook. I need the pliers. Ah stay over here. Stay over here. Stay over here. Carp number four baby. Let's go. That's what I'm talking about. Get the pliers again and remove the hook. Ah damn.  I'm going to let you out. Oh man. Come on man.  Oh man. This is giving me. Oh man you don't want to stand still. Stand still dude. I'm going to let you out. Don't give me help man. I'm trying to help you. Trying to help you get loose.  That's what I'm talking about. Oh man. Jesus Christ.  Bro I got the hook out. Bro look at this beautiful carp. I think you don't want to even let me touch it. Bro. It doesn't even want to let me touch it.   Don't jump. Oh my god bro. Let's see. Hold up. Ah god. Oh my god bro. Look at this one. Ah man beautiful carp. We're still recording. Man we're seven minutes in. Let's get in here the water bro. Thank god man. I got the freaking net. Oh my god bro. Look at this one. This is not a common carp. This is the other type that has the hard scales. I don't know what the name is man. I forgot. But this is not a common carp. This is the other type. Oh man over here man. We got koi. We got common carp. I think we got grass carp. I don't know. Bro look at this good carp bro. With the net. Bro this is beautiful. Give me a good fight. Let's go for the release man. Carp number four nine. We're lucky today on this corner with the net that we found. Look at this man. Look at this big carp bro. I'm maybe going to take a picture bro. I just want to have it on video. Let's go man. Let's go for the release man.