We have now the talk by Gris Wilson and please have a seat and let's start with the Gris talk. Thanks. Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Chris Wilson, so I'm at the Institute for Quantum Computing. Obscured there at the University of Waterloo. I would like to join everyone in thanking the speakers for having me to this lovely location for this nice conference. Break the pandemic drought. Yeah, so I'll talk to you today about some of the work we've been doing over the last couple of years on analog quantum assimilation of topological models with parametric cavities. So we'll kind of touch on a couple of topics of the conference, which is microwave photons and then hopefully getting towards many body physics. So these are some of, so Jamal, Dima and Jimmy are students in postdocs who've done most of the experimental work. Ibrahim is our fab guy. Sanbo Chang, who's now with Nakamura in Tokyo, helped develop the platform. And Zheng Xi is a theorist who helps a lot with the latter part of the talk that we'll see. And then also kind of the first experiment I'll talk about. We got help from Enrique Solano's group and particularly Enrique Enrique. Since I know it's not, you know, it's not a quantum computing audience necessarily. I want to define these words of saying I'm doing analog quantum simulation. So what does that mean, right? So analog simulation actually has a long history in electronics and even before that with mechanical analog simulators. But in the 60s and 70s, electrical analog computers were used quite heavily before digital computers could do anything useful. So here's some screenshots from a brochure from the 60s for a desktop computer. And you can read it says analog simulation is a dynamic method of solving the problems that confront the engineer and scientist daily, right? And then they're talking about problems in aerospace and chemistry and biomedicine. So it's all kind of the same thing, right? So what does it mean? So what does analog simulation mean?  And then you have punch cables, punch cords, like an old operator so you can connect them together to make a certain circuit. And then you have a bunch of potentiometers so you can set time constants and things like that, right? So you create a circuit that has equations of motion that are the same as a system of interest that you want to study. And then you just let the thing run, right?  So, you know, that's how we went to the moon, by the way, right? And so what is analog quantum simulation? It's basically the same idea. I'm going to build now a quantum device. In our case it's going to be a circuit, a superconducting circuit, but it could be atoms and all kinds of things. But then we build a quantum device with the same now Heisenberg equations of motion of the system that I'm interested in. And then I'm just going to let the thing run and measure it and that's going to be my simulation, my way of calculating what the system does. And there are many ways of doing quantum simulation. The one I'm going to talk about is a kind of a very broad platform called Photonic Lattices. These are just a couple of papers that say lots of people think about it in different ways. So this could be optics, it can be microwaves, it can be atoms.  And then I have some kind of connection or some graph of links between these nodes, you know, and this lattice defines my simulation. And, you know, this can be mapped to a lot of different lattice models in, you know, fundamental field theory or condensed matter and everything like that, you know, lattice models are very popular. An interesting feature, you know, for instance, pointed out by this paper, I don't know that it's the first, is that in a lot of these platforms I can do something interesting. So in general, I'm adding some kind of tunnel coupling between these nodes. But if I can make that tunnel coupling complex or if I can give it a phase, right, then I can do interesting things like simulate gauge fields, right. And the way you can think about that is if I can make the right pattern of phases here, now my photon hopping through this lattice has a path dependent phase. And if this phase has these phases have the right pattern, I could think of that phase as coming from some fictitious gauge field, right, or the line integral of a fictitious gauge field. And then I'll also show in this talk that with these phases we can, you know, study topological and chiral dynamics and lots of interesting things. So on to, huh, now there's a lag. Okay, woo. Okay, I got too close to the mouse. So now I'll talk about our particular system, which is a photonic lattice, which as we'll see is programmable in situ, which I think is good for a simulator. And we're doing it with what I call a parametric cavity. So a superconducting microwave circuit. So what is the basic parametric cavity? So, you know, the basic system is something I've been working on for a long time, starting from when I worked in Paredelsing's group at Chalmers. So going back to 2006, 2007. And the basic idea is we have an on-chip transmission line cavity. So we have an on-chip transmission line. And then we cut it with a capacitor, which allows us to do input output and also forms one boundary condition. And on the other end, we shunt it to ground with a squid. And what we need to know right now is that the squid basically looks like a tunable inductance. It's a tunable boundary condition. And by putting a flux through the squid, I can change the boundary condition, which changes the resonance frequencies of the modes in the cavity, right? And importantly, you know, squids, I can modulate the frequency from DC to tens of gigahertz, right? So I have a lot of flexibility. Now, we've made amplifiers out of these things, but for these purposes, for the photonic lattice, we want to have lots of modes. So we just make the cavity very long. So the fundamental frequency is low. This is kind of an old device where it's kind of two gigahertz, but we've done now like 100 megahertz or something like that. So you can put lots of modes into your measurement bandwidth. So I have lots of modes to play with. And these modes are then going to become the nodes of my photonic lattice. And then I'm going to couple them, and I'll explain the details in a second, with parametric pumping of this squid, so parametric pumping of the cavity. And just to say, you know, as I said, we've been working on this for a long time. So at Chalmers, we did our first fast tunable cavity. We did the dynamical castamere effect as a crossover, one of para-students working in my lab. We did multi-mode JPA, and recently we showed that we could generate tripartite entanglement with this scheme, with multi-mode pumping. And I will say, I think at this point, there's too many other references to list in detail, but lots of good work at Chalmers and Paris and Helsinki and Yale and NIST and lots of other places. So we're not the only people working on this kind of thing. So to get into a little bit more detail of what we can do with this system and the kind of interactions we can create, so we just write down the Hamiltonian of the squid at the end of our resonator, right? And the basic idea is that we have, you know, a tunable, it's like effectively an EJ that's tunable with the pump flux. So this is the flux we use to modulate it, and this is multiplied by then the flux of the signals in the cavity, which is just the sum of all the modes. And then what I can do to lowest order is I have a little flux bias, so I get a linear term here. I further say the pump is parametric, so I say it's a classical field at this point. So these are alphas now. And then, you know, and then I'll expand the cosine here just to second order. And, you know, for concreteness, I put in three modes here, but we can have many more, right? And then the basic idea is that, you know, when I, when I square this thing, I get many, many quadratic terms of kind of all the possible, you know, all the possible interactions or combinations of A and A dagger, quadratic combinations for all the modes, right? So it's kind of a mess. But when I, when I pump, I mean, the idea is that each of those quadratic terms in the appropriate interaction picture will have a time dependence, right? And so by then picking a pump frequency which matches that time dependence, I can make a rotating wave approximation that picks out that interaction and all the other ones go away, right? So for instance, if I pick the sum frequency of two modes or twice the frequency, I pick out terms like this, which is a parametric down conversion term, or if I pump at a difference frequency, I can, I get a beam-switter coupling or coherence swap between the two modes, right? And what we've demonstrated over the last several years is we can put in many of these tones at the same time and generate many of these interactions.  And this term looks like some kind of pairing potential, like I would have in superconductivity, right? And another important point is I have some, you know, I have some raw G-naught up here, but then this little G here is actually depends on the pump amplitude. So how hard I drive increases the effect of coupling in the rotating wave, and it also depends on the pump phase. So I really get to make these couplings complex. Okay, so I hope you can kind of see now where I'm going. So the idea is now I have all of these modes of my cavity, which become nodes of my photonic lattice. And by turning on different pumps, I essentially define a graph of connections between these things. So what I make is a lattice in synthetic dimensions, or maybe even multiple synthetic dimensions. It can be more than 1D. And just by picking pumps, I can simulate different things. I can do a triangular lattice, a square lattice, a linear array, all in one device, right? All in one cool-down. So that's kind of the introduction, and I want to talk about a few different models that we've simulated. I mean, kind of sum in exactly the same device, sum in sister devices, but the point is it's, you know, these are all done in basically the same device. So the first one we looked at is something called the Bosonic-Kreuzlatter. So the Kreuzlatter is a quasi 1D lattice model that has a cross-linked lattice structure. So I have kind of two 1D lattices, but there's cross-linking between them. And then I also imagine that there's a magnetic field that threads the latter. And this arose kind of in the 80s as an early toy model of chiral fermions in quantum field theory. And then, you know, so despite its simplicity, there's lots of interesting things going on. So in particular, when I have a phi equal to, I have a flux of phi equal to pi, there are various topological states in the system. So first of all, I can have states in the bulk which become localized, which is related to a phenomenon I'll explain more called Aronoff-Bohm caging. And then I also end up with localized zero modes at the end or end states or edge states. So we're going to make, you know, a small version of this. So we have four nodes, which is kind of like two plaquettes. But I want to show you, I want to start to introduce you to the type of data that we can take here, right? So the first thing we can do is, so imagine, you know, we have a few modes of arcavity, which are becoming our nodes. And I just do normal, you know, reflection measurement with my VNA, right? So I measure around one cavity node and I see some, you know, resonance curve, which is asymmetric because anyone who's done cryogenic measurements knows that they're often asymmetric. And then we can see, so this is with the lattice off, so no pumps, right? And then I turn on, you know, pumps in this way, so in this lattice. And you can see now basically this splits into four modes, right? So I'm coupling these four nodes together and I get four normal modes, right? With some splitting. So basically the idea is doing reflection off of one node gives me access to the energy spectrum of the system, which does actually still depend on the position in the synthetic dimension. So we can see a different spectrum at each node, which has to do with the spatial support across the lattice, right? But, you know, I said we also have phases here, so we have a synthetic flux. So we can take this data now as a function of flux and this is what it looks like. So here, this is now our network analyzer frequency where we saw the multiple resonances. The color scale is the reflection and this is the lattice phase. So because it's a closed loop, only the phase around the loop matters, so we can just change one phase, right? And this is what we see. And already here we see there's kind of a lot of interesting things going on, right? So I see kind of zero, maybe zero modes forming. You know, I see bands kind of merging together, but there's kind of a lot of structure going on as a function of flux, right? So in addition to using the reflection measurements to measure the spectrum, we can also do transport measurements to measure essentially map out the wave function across the different nodes, right? So that's the idea. So, you know, here again I'm saying I'm putting in a signal at A and I'm measuring what comes back at A, right? And this is our reflection, so we get dips, right? Yeah? Also different modes of one cavity? Yes, so it's different modes of one cavity. So there are different frequencies and so for these transport measurements we have to do frequency conversion measurements or buy a fancy network analyzer that has multiple sources, both of which we've done. So, you know, and then I can say I can now do a transport measurement. So I put in a signal, I sweep around Omega A and I see what it comes out at Omega B, right? So now I get peaks because there's nothing when, you know, I'm not, when there is in transport and I can do that for kind of all the combinations. I can measure A to C and A to D, right? So I can map out the transport across the lattice, which we take as a measurement of, you know, as a proxy for kind of the structure of the wave function across the lattice. So, you know, this state and we can, which we frequency resolve, you know, say in this case, well, and then we can, yeah, do this all as a function of phase, right? So we're measuring these curves, reflection and transport as a function of the phase again and see, we see structure like this. Yeah? Yeah. So you have to spend a lot of time testing different microwave generators and finding which ones have really good phase coherence. So it turns out, you know, phase locking at 10 megahertz isn't phase locking, it's frequency locking. So, you know, you have to, you have to play with it. But this is the right generator, which is not, it's SGS from Rhoda Schwartz. You know, you lock them at 1 gigahertz instead of 10 megahertz and then you just change the phase on the front panel. Or if there's no pump, I turn off the pump. I just turn off the output. Whenever you sum, you just set the zero. Yeah, if I have, yeah. Yeah, or, you know, basically the way I get zero phase here is from looking at the pattern.  And now, and then I sweep the phase and I say, okay, based on what I know of the system, you know, based on kind of fitting, but I mean, it's pretty obvious fitting. I call this phase zero, right? So, I, like I said, so we can do this, so we can measure all of the reflection coefficients as a function of phase and all of the scattering coefficients, all the transmission as a function of phase and map out the response of the whole system, right? And so, you know, this is, the left here is the experiment and the right is the theory. So, this is just a simple four-mode scattering matrix, you know, for parametrically coupled modes. So, from the NIST guys that we just adapted, you know, and you have to deal with little microwave stuff, but we can fit things very well. And, you know, did I walk too hard and move the mouse again? And there we go. So, you can see, for instance, already here that we see things like non-reciprocal transport, right? So, this is kind of, you see the transpose elements here. What's red here is blue here and what's blue here is red there, right? So, these are actually, the off diagonals are compliments of each other, which tells me that I have very non-reciprocal transport in the system, right?  But I also want to look at some of the modes that we see emerging here, right? Which we can connect, you know, this tiny system, topology is about big systems, but you start to see hints of things coming out, right? So, the first mode, so one mode we can see is at phi equal to pi, right? So, these are the lines down here, right? And so, we see, you know, we have, this is where our four states merge into two, kind of symmetric about zero, so I have degeneracies. But you can see here, you know, this state now doesn't transport very much to B. This is the structure of the lattice. And you can see that here is kind of the transport is pinching off here at this point, right? But then there's lots, there's plenty of transport or much more to C and A. So, I have some kind of state that's kind of living on the corner here, right? And I have four of these corner states we can map out. But how do we connect this to the quartz ladder? So, we can kind of think about this as being this trapezoidal plaquettes or part of the lattice of the quartz ladder. And what's the idea, you know, so if I put an excitation here, you know, it can get to B two ways, right? It can go this way or it can go that way. But there's a pi phase shift on the lattice, right? So these two paths just interfere destructively, right? So the system can't get here. And that's the heart of Aranoff-Bohm caging, right? And that's what microscopy kind of leads, well, we connect this to flat bands or these, yeah, or the, you know, the localization in the system. So we see at least the precursor of that. Then the next state, so if we go to pi equals zero here, you know, we see we have kind of two modes that collapse to kind of zero energy in the rotating frame. We see there, and you see again that, well, this, this transports a lot to, you know, this mode, but much less to these two modes, right? So again, it's kind of pinching off there. Now on our map of the lattice, this is what this, this is what we had. So it's transporting well to B, which is kind of the far corner. And we also have the C and D. Now, at the same time, I told you, remember, that it was phi equals pi, that's interesting, not phi equals zero. But if I think about it, you know, I can draw these connections how I want. So if I twist this plockette, right? You know, what I see is that, you know, if I put a flux through the top loop and the bottom loop cancel because they're twisted, right? And this happens in the quite slatter. So the flux here is zero even for whatever flux I apply, right? The net flux. And so then I can, and when I do this twisting, the modes that are captured here are now these modes on the ends instead of being across.  Okay, so that was the quite slatter. That was published in PRL last year. And so another model that we've looked at, and so again, this is getting, we have a programmable system, right? The SSH model. So the SSH model Sue Schriefer-Hieger, and the same Schriefer in BCS. So this was, so this is a, it's a tight bond binding or hopping model. So I have sites and hopping in between them with alternating coupling strength. So I have strong coupling week, strong week. So originally it was a model of molecular dimers. So I have dimers that are strongly coupled that are then weakly coupled to each other. And again, despite its simplicity, this has become one of the kind of paradigmatic models of topological features or non-trivial topology. So there's a lot of interesting phenomenology that you can explore in this model. So first of all, to see anything interesting, we have to assume what we call, or what is called chiral symmetry, which means there's no energy difference between the two locations within the dimer. If they're like particle and antiparticle, they're symmetric. And then the feature is for a general tight binding model, I don't necessarily have a gap, but when I add alternating coupling, I open up an energy gap. So now with the alternating coupling, I have a gapped model or like an insulator. And then I have interesting things that depend on then whether I have an odd or even chain. And this goes for however big it is because of the chiral symmetry. So if I have an odd chain, I have one zero mode in the gap. And that's because, yeah, I have one zero mode in the gap, and that lives on one edge. And this isn't actually topological, it's just due to the chiral symmetry at this point. But then if I have an even chain, if my even chain ends with closed dimers, this is the topologically trivial phase. There's nothing interesting, but if it ends with the even chain, if the even chain ends with open dimers, then I'm in the topologically non-trivial phase. So this is a plot from kind of an online court tutorial on topology. So what I'm plotting is, they're kind of just calculating the energies of like a 20 site model. And then this is the coupling strength of the kind of the edge band compared to the not edge or coupling. So on this side, on this side I'm in the trivial phase and on this side I'm in the topological phase. So I'm changing the coupling. So in the trivial phase, I just have a gap model. As the couplings go towards tight binding, they're equal, the gap kind of gets smaller and smaller. But then on this side, this is where I enter the non-trivial topological model. And what happens is two of these modes split off from the band gap, they're split off from the bulk and kind of crash towards zero. So these become approximately zero modes that are localized on the edges. And these are plots of the wave functions of various modes. So you can see these two modes near zero kind of live on the edges. In an infinite chain, one would be on one end and one would be on the other. For a finite chain, they couple and I get even and odd superpositions. And then a random state in the bulk kind of spread out over the whole lattice. So we can look at this in our simulator. So we'll start now with five modes. So again, same device, but now I'm just putting in different pump frequencies. So I'm programming a different lattice into the system. And so I can start with five modes and actually just start with a tight binding model. So I tune it up. So each mode is coupled with five megahertz of coupling. And that's just adjusting the pumps. These numbers will always be now the coupling rates. And then I'm doing the same kind of scattering matrix measurements here. But now because there's a loop, there's no loop phase. So there's only one phase to measure at. So we just see one network analyzer trace. But it's the same basic idea. Now the diagonals give me the energy spectrum and the off diagonals give me the transport. And for instance, what we can see here is that because it's an odd number, it's an odd numbered lattice, there is a zero mode. But the zero mode is delocalized. See, it's just as strong in the center as it is on the edges. And this is what you would predict. And now we can go really to the SSH model. So now I just tune my pump strengths. So I make some weaker and I make some stronger. So I have now two and a half, ten, two and a half, ten. And what we can see is now that zero mode has localized to one edge, right? So I see the zero mode over here where I expect it because that's the weak coupling and there's no longer a zero mode here. And you can see it's kind of decaying and you can also see it in the transport, right? So there's little transport to here and almost none to there, right? So the strength of the wave function is decaying. We can re-tune things again and now our zero mode moves to the other side. And then we can also do things like make a defect. So we can break the pattern of the couplings and now it's like we have a domain wall in the center and you see now our zero mode gets pinned at the domain wall. And finally, yeah, so here we go to the actual topological version. So now I have a six site lattice where I programmed it so that we have the weak dimers on the end. So this is the topological phase and you see what we expect where we get now kind of two zero modes localized on each end. I mean, you can't tell so well that these are decoupled but this, the transport helps a little bit.  So we can kind of see this zero mode is localized here and this zero mode is localized there. And then I had another model to talk about but I think I'm out of time. Is that correct? Am I out of time? I have some time? Okay. A few minutes? Okay. I'll dive in. So another topological model and this one is interesting because everything so far has been hopping but now we're at the pairing, right? So this was a model proposed by Oshklerx Group which is the Bosonic-Katayev chain. So it's a hopping model but now adding, you know, parametrically down conversion of a simulation as a pairing. So I called this the Bosonic-Katayev model so we could remind ourselves what's the Katayev model of Myerana fermions which is very famous now. So it's fermions but the Katayev model is basically, I have, you know, a single lattice that can host a single spin. I have hopping between these lattice sites so it's like tight binding but then I also have a pairing potential that exists between sites. So we have some superconductivity in the model. So this is the Katayev model, hopping, pairing and then Katayev showed that this could be solved in terms of Myerana fermions which are even an odd superposition of the electron operators. And, yeah, and, you know, there's been lots of excitement because it turns out it's topological and there are end states that people want to use on computing and are having lots of trouble finding. But, and also just to mention, you know, what's the topology in this model? Where's my donut? I keep always asking myself. So to see that we can transform that real space Hamiltonian into K space and so I've written it now in a compact form where now big C is just a vector of little C's, C and C dagger. And then I have, you know, polymatrices and then I have a kind of fictitious field which then encodes the actual information of the system and in this case this fictitious field has this form. So, right, I have, you know, no sigma x and I have sine and cosine and you can kind of see in your head as K varies through the baron zone so zero or minus pi to pi, you know, this vector winds around the origin, right, in the YZ plane and it's that winding is the winding number because the origin is a singular point for the model. So we have bosons. So can, you know, which are very different from fermions. Can we still find interesting things in a bosonic version? So how, first of all, how do we implement it? You know, we've talked a lot about hopping. So these are our beam-sweater couplings and then this is just down conversion, right? So I turn on some down conversion pump and I have something that looks like a pairing potential. And as it turns out, you know, well, and again, you know, if I transform to K space my fictitious field has this form. It's a little bit different but with the right choice of the free space parameters it still winds around the origin so I get a topological model. Now, I can again solve this topological model in terms of some kind of myerana which is a superposition of the creation and annihilation operators but anyone who does microwaves just recognize these as the quadratures of the field, right? So this becomes solved in terms of kind of myerana quadratures. And, you know, so it's topological, there's these myeranas, is there still anything interesting? And to see that, I mean, the easiest thing to do is to calculate the Heisenberg equation of motion of the system and this is what they are. And you see two interesting things, right? So first of all, X and P decouple. So the X and P quadrature decouple from each other which is, I didn't mention, the myeranas and the cataya model decouple from each other. And then you also see that the transport is very asymmetric. So going in one direction I have T plus delta, so tunneling plus pairing and the other one I have T minus delta. So at T minus delta this term goes away and the transport becomes completely asymmetric or completely chiral. So one quadrature moves in one direction and one quadrature moves in the other, right? So I get quadrature particles that propagate in a chiral fashion. So how do we measure this? Again, so we can tune up a simple system, a three model system. So we have pumps and down conversion. We didn't have another phase locked, well phase locked generator. So what we did is we inject a signal now in the center here where we just, it's a constant amplitude but we sweep the phase, right? And then we look at what comes out, the two ends, like the six and seven, the two ends of our model and we see that we really get kind of an alternating phase. So one quadrature phase is going left and one quadrature phase is going right. And we can do this, there's lots of pump phases. We can map these things out. So this is magnitude and phase, reflection, transport, experiment and theory. And basically what's going on is what we can see is that by changing, here we're changing the difference phase between T and delta or the beam splitter and the down conversion. And if those are, and when we do that basically we're kind of defining new generalized quadratures. I'm kind of changing my definition of X and P, right? And so each link has a different, slightly different definition of X and P and by tuning these things I can line them up. So if they don't line up, I don't get transport across it and if they do line up, then I get chiral transport across my whole chain. And I am now out of time but I'll just say, you know, we can also see fun things like in a closed chain we can see chiral instability and things like that but I'll stop there. Thank you very much for this interesting talk. And yeah, please. Interesting talk, thank you very much. I have a bunch of questions but let's start with the most important one. So first question is where are the limitations of your circuitry given the model that you want to simulate? Because at one point the circuitry is of course not an exact map of what you want to simulate. It's in certain parameter ranges and so to phrase it differently H junk that appeared during this conference several times what's the impact and where does it appear H junk? I mean there's a lot of things that happen so there's a lot of things hidden in the phrase tune things up. So when you pump these things we get lots of frequency shifts and things like that and you have to kind of deal with that. Now in these cases we're not really getting we're not putting, we're not getting down, we're not generating lots of photons so we're not getting like kerr shifts but you know when you pump you get shifts and things like that. Those are things we play with and I think you know at some point you will hit a wall. Am I going to lose this? At some point I'm putting all of these tones into one squid in the end and that squid will have a finite kind of dynamic range. So to me that will be the limit I imagine that will be the limit. I think we've gotten up to like 9 or 10 or 11 pumps so far and you know it's still working so my sense is that eventually this is nice because it's very hardware efficient. I have one cavity and I can do all this and one readout but I think at some point this could be a unit, one part of a bigger simulation or I mean there's no reason I can't do the individual cavity because I think there would be interesting things to do mixing cavities and trans bonds and things like that and then I can still use the parametric coupling I'll just have to have more lines or something like that and maybe more readout so I think there's lots of places to go. Chris thanks for interesting talk. I'm wondering how far can this thing can be really called quantum simulator because in fact you're sort of minuscaling it's single excitation manifold it's classical picture so can you do dublons for example in SSH model double excitation, localization of things probably not. Well I think at this level I mean you're right so this is all kind of the way I look at this is what we're seeing is the energy band that we're creating and so far all I put in here was coherent states so yeah I mean I do a mode diagonalization and that's a classical not hard problem but yeah so I mean that was my last slide I already quit. I mean the point is what do we have to do to make it fully quantum? Well first of all we can put it in quantum states it's a lattice and then we can load it so we haven't done it yet but we can throw in single photons it's very easy to throw in entangled states we can throw in two mode squeezing and we're already doing it so I think there's lots of quantum states of light we can load into our lattice that's interesting. I think the other thing is that you do want to start I mean what also can make things computationally hard to simulate is particle-particle interactions and so that speaks to having kind of more nonlinear resonators these are highly linear resonators so again if I went you know this is where I mean I think you could use this parametric coupling but now with kind of discrete resonators right and I think you know essentially I can go continuously with essentially the same Josephson junction plus capacitor I can go continuously from very linear resonator to qubit to nonlinear resonator which means you know photon interactions and things like that right so this exact platform is very linear I can still load non classical states but I think there's lots of things to do kind of in the same family I think with nonlinear driving so you know we had a paper where we did cubic parametric down conversion or three photon parametric down conversion and so like the how the HALC group showed that if I use that so if I use a nonlinear beam splitter so I couple one photon in one mode to two photons in another so I could use an auxiliary or linear mode but I use this nonlinear pumping I can split the mode of the you know I can split mode so I can use a nonlinear pump which we've demonstrated to turn on nonlinearity in the linear mode so I think that's another possibility right so I think there's lots of tools to continue exploring to make it more non classical or harder to simulate okay last question but please be brief I was just wondering whether you are limited in the size of the chain regarding the room temperature hardware you need to stabilize all the phases or are you limited by the saturation of the Josephson junction I mean so far I mean I mean I I mean so far we're not limited by any of those things or we weren't I mean maybe here we are limited by how many sources we had and now we bought a bunch more and we haven't seen problems with mode locking many of them yet so I think it will be maybe how much we can pump the junction that will limit us eventually I mean but what's limited so far and we're working on it is just as a tuning up problem like Frank talked about yesterday I have these frequency shifts and I'm trying to tune and I tune one and it affects the other so we're also working on better designs to reduce the frequency shifts and you know and things like that okay let's thank Chris again


since a young teen like this is what you know I've always wanted to do and even thinking about it now that's why I'm smiling like this is the culmination of all those Athlon magazines you know Street and Smith and you know legal paths of trying to be a draft predictor. The goal was not only to get in the chair it's to stay in the chair and so yes I've achieved that goal I'm in the chair but now it's I need to do everything else to stay in the chair you know we have to evaluate everyone and know where you know where we can make ourselves better and give ourselves the best option to put the best 53 on the field that's why I'm here because Ms. Amy sees me as a collaborator so we're here to collaborate we're here to build this thing together these people on the front row just confirm to me that this is the place that I wanted to be


Hey, this is Brett, and this 2022 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Short Box Tradesman Level 2 is stock number 14381Z. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck and Ram headquarters. This 2022 Ram 2500 has the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel engine. It's paired up with the 6-speed 68 RFE automatic transmission. This truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off. This truck is 100% ready to go. One cool thing about this truck is it does have the factory navigation system on a tradesman package, so that's kind of a neat option specific to this truck. I'm going to go all the way around in this video inside, underneath, start it up, take a look under the hood, show you all the options, and give you the most accurate representation that I can of the vehicle. Bright white clear coats of color. I shoot all my videos in 4K. If you like the video, subscribe to the YouTube channel, click the bell notifications, good updates in the videos they do each and every day, and have access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle and heavy-duty truck walk-arounds on YouTube, and stay current on our ever-changing and vast inventory here at Summit Automotive. This one comes with these steel wheels with the chrome covers, and it has Kenda Cleaver RT tires. These are 33x12.5 R18LTs, and I would say they have just about half the treblad left on them, maybe just a little bit under. This is a one-owner clean title history, clean car fax out of Missouri frame, and under body looks fantastic. Front fender is absolutely perfect, no dents or dings in there, headlight lenses are nice and clear, and the front bumper is in fantastic shape as well. I didn't see any dents or dings on there, the grille is in really nice condition too, and the hood is in excellent shape. No major dents on there. Passengers side front fender is in excellent condition, and the passenger side front wheel, no major scuffs or scrapes, and that's in really nice shape as well. As you go down this side of this 2022 Ram 2500 tradesman level two, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. I take these HD videos so if you're far away, or even if you're close to spying, you just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at. Before you even get here, so when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises, and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at, or if you just want to make the decision to come take a look at the truck, and this video helps you do either of those things, let your salesman know that you saw the video, that it was helpful, and that bright sent you back wheels in excellent shape as well. Now the back tires, they have right around 50%. Frame and underbody back here looks really good. It's like that all the way underneath. Has all the remaining factory exhausts and almost no corrosion under here. Lower rockers and cab corners look really good as well, and it does come with a really nice factory chrome step bars, which is also kind of a neat thing for the tradesman package. Passenger side boxes in pretty nice shape. There are just a couple little dings that I do want to point out, because this is a used truck. They're not all going to be perfect, but this one's in really nice shape. Rear bumper is in great shape as well. Full towing package, which includes a receiver hitch, four pin and seven pin wiring. Tailgate is in excellent condition too. Didn't see any dents or dings in there. Comes with a spray and bed liner, goose neck hitch. Bed's in really nice shape. Does have some nice side box tie downs, and that bed liner goes on to the tailgate, which is a nice feature as well. Coming around to the driver's side, just as clean as that passenger's side, no major dents or dings on the box, and for full disclosure, this back wheel is in excellent condition too. Driver's side cab and doors all look really good too. This one does have the heated power mirrors. Take a quick look at the back seats.  Seats are in really nice, clean condition. No rips or tears either. You get storage underneath there. You get the all-weather floor mats back here. This one does not come with the bins underneath. Tradesman's don't have those, and then you have the side current airbags, at least in 2022 they didn't. Child safety locks on the back doors and the inside and bottoms of the doors all look really nice on this truck. Show you the VIN sticker here. No previously owned in Canada vehicles here. You get the tire and loading information sticker as well. There we go. Up front, you get the 40-20-40 split bench seating with that same dark charcoal and black cloth interior. No rips, no tears on these seats. Smells very clean inside this truck. You get the all-weather floor mats up here as well. Auto headlamps, power windows, power locks, and power mirrors. We'll hop inside, check out the miles, the radio, and everything that this truck has to offer on the interior. You can see that this one has 33,957 miles on it. You do get the seven-inch LCD display with the digital spinometer. So that's a pretty nice feature to have on a tradesman as well. You have your compass, miles per gallon time. You can change all those corners to read whatever you want. And that instrument cluster's in really nice, clean condition. Bluetooth and information center controls on the left. Cruise controls and gear selector on the right. There is your shifter for that six-speed, 68-RFE automatic transmission. This one does have the Uconnect 8.4. Uconnect 5 radio. Has the factory navigation system. There is Highway 41. So you can see that is working nicely. And the Uconnect 5 radio is supposed to be five times faster than the Uconnect 4 radio. Here are all your sources, AMFM Sirius, Bluetooth, USB, AUGS, and Alexa hookups. You get your climate controls here. There are your dual climate controls. You can control it up there, or you can do it with the more tactile buttons and knobs down there. Then here are all your different apps. This one does have the off-road pages, which is pretty cool. So these are just basically links to the different parts of the radio. Android Auto, Apple CarPlay, I believe is wireless on this one. Here's your back camera. You can see that is working nicely. They made those HD on the heavy-duty trucks so you can get hooked up to your bow camper trailer the first time every time. Then you can zoom in on that receiver hitch for even better results. And there are your other apps. We'll get to the off-road pages in just a second. So you can see you get your steering angle there as I turn the steering wheel. That angle changes. Those tires actually turn up top as well. Latitude, longitude, altitude, if you're in too high, for high or for low. Accessory gauges and pitch and roll. So a lot of really cool stuff you can do with this radio. Down here, like I said, are your more tactile-voluntary and climate controls. Your factory brake controller, factory exhaust brake, tow-haul mode. Down here are two USBs, two USB C's and an aux jack. Your four-by-four shifter is right there as well. And you get your keyless entry. You get three cup holders in that center console. And the passenger side glovebox format and seat are in excellent conditional rips or tears on them. And the headliners in really nice shape as well. You get map lights, assist and SOS buttons and your power sliding rear window button right there. Also an auto dimmy mirror. And I'll start it up and we'll take a look under the hood. Starts right up, no check engine lights or anything like that. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. And hopefully from this HD video, you've been able to verify the quality, condition, options and of course, cleanliness of this truck all the way around inside and out. Under the hood, we have the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel engine. Engine maze very clean, runs very smooth. Once again, this truck has been fully safety to end inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. There is the emission sticker. And I would highly recommend this truck for make quality and condition standpoint, considering the age of miles on it. And just that it's a tradesman truck, it's in really nice shape. And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 550 new and used car trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, three quarter tons, one tons, you name it. We gotta go to the website right there. Summitauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle, all at summitauto.com. If you wanna check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Click the bell notifications, get updates on the videos they do each and every day. As well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle walk-arounds on YouTube. Over 9,000 videos on there. And also stay current on our ever-changing and vast inventory here at Summitauto. You don't wanna miss, especially trucks like this one, if this is what you're looking for, call right now. In fact, the second you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel in the upper left. A link to more Ram 2500 truck videos, all the Ram 2500 truck videos I've ever done in the upper right. A link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left. And a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those checks out. We're super excited to help you with this Ultra Clean 2022 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Short Box. Tradesmen level two in bright white clear coat. Thank you so much for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


Good evening everyone and thank you for joining us this evening. It's a real pleasure to have you along this evening. For tonight's talk introduction to rock climbing with our friends at Glenmore Lodge. Tonight we're going to be, we've really aimed this talk at anyone who's either new to climbing or trying to get back into climbing after possibly a year of not doing it or even if it's just been a few months. So we're delighted to be joined by Stu from Glenmore Lodge, who is an international mountain federation guide and Glenmore Lodge instructor. And he's going to be sharing a few tips on how to get into rock climbing or how to get back into rock climbing. So thank you Stu. And just before we start the, we're on zoom and on Facebook this evening. So if you've got any questions and you're watching on zoom and feel free to pop them in the Q&A. If you're watching on Facebook, then feel free to pop them in the comments and I'll be monitoring them throughout the evening. So I'll put as many questions to Stu as I can. We've also got a slight technical issue with Stu's camera. So when he's presenting you actually won't see him. So we've brought him on camera now, but it's probably not a bad thing. I just mentioned that just in case anyone thinks something's gone wrong. But yeah, I'll hand over to Stu and thanks very much. Enjoy the talk. Thank you. Okay, thanks Mark. Thank you everyone for attending. And hope this is useful. And I hope you're well wherever you are. I'll just share my screen. And hopefully, yeah. Hopefully it'll work okay. Good. So yeah, I hope you're all well. Right now I've been having more. And I don't know where all you guys are but I hope you have a nice evening. And it seems to feel like summer has started again, which has been quite nice. And I've been teaching rock climbing today. I work over at Glamour Lodge up here in Scotland. I've been here for a strange couple of years. A couple of years ago. And then obviously, you know, COVID happened so it was very strange last year. But things are starting to improve and it's so nice to see people and meet new people again. And it's been fun teaching rock climbing the last few days, which is nice. So hopefully this lecture will help you. And any questions, do fire them in whenever. But all this lecture is, I'm just going to maybe is focused around this, maybe just some areas that you want to consider moving into rock climbing, whether it be for the first time. Or after a while, you know, leaving it for a bit or you want to come back into climbing. And hopefully it will inspire you as well to give it a go again and start things back up. But also if you're very brand new to it as well, I wanted to inspire you to start up and I'll give you some ideas on how to do that as well. Pretty limited as it's just a webinar, but hopefully it gives you some notes and questions and that will lead on to things for your climbing developing as well. So, along these pictures, it's just going to be some some text as well to focus on a certain area. I can maybe also tell where some of the pictures are as well to help you along. But I guess this talk is is a bit of a skills checklist. But also what I mean by safe practices is, is kind of what people normally do. And these are if he's a brand new to you then you, you can go away and learn easier through a book or not give you some advice on where to start all these things as well. So this is a big rock climb here near Trawimaw on a mountain called Binion Shoes, and this is a very key wall that you can see the person climbing on there. And this is quite a long route. It's about five pitches long. So five real plants long and you can see it's deep in the mountains. And for this one you can get to the mountain bike as well, which is nice. So if you're brand new to this, you're thinking about, you know, where do I even start? Well, for, you know, a very first starting point, a good start point is climbing walls. So I don't know if there's a climb wall nearby you. But often you can meet new people that are even go on a course, or you can maybe just register the climb wall, and they'll give you some starting points. And then you can start going to the climb wall on your own or with friends. But that's a really good place for things to start. It might also be that you've got friends or family that you can climb with. And they may even introduce you. That might be the case for you right now. I don't know. But that's often nice and I had a little bit of that when I was younger. But not family, it was more friends. Another way to start is maybe a club. So there might be a climb and a mountaineering club nearby. And in that club, you'll get a lot of people who will look after you, but also teach you aspects of climbing as well. And you then will probably that will develop into maybe lots of trips or meets that the club will organize. And your climbing will hopefully develop from that point with, with meeting people in the club as well. And you can also decide to go down a different route and that might be to just go into into a climbing course. And these these will be run throughout throughout the UK, obviously in the climbing areas in the UK. It might be even in the, in the climbing wall, but if you want to get, you know, get stuck into climbing outside, then they'll be in the climbing areas of the UK. And where the areas, the climate is more concentrated and already well developed. So we're talking about places like North Wales, South Wales, Devon and Cornwall, Peak District, Lake District. I hope I haven't not mentioned many awesome one, but also then Scotland as well. And also there's, there's many people, many qualified instructors that will advertise for this as well. But obviously if you want any advice for that, we were here to give you some advice on where to go for this. There also may be an individual climbing instructor or mountain guide. So these people will be offering something very tailored and maybe individual as well. So that's, that's some good ideas on where to start. Moving forward also, you know, you may be asking, this might be your very first time and it might be just an intro to it all. And you may be actually testing the water a little bit. Well, I'm here to reassure you that anybody can go climbing, literally anybody. I think it's a great life skill and skill set to have it compliments many things. You're constantly risk assessing and meeting new people outside. It's exercise and great adventure as well. If you're wondering, I think a good level of fitness does help. It's not absolutely important, but I think you will get more from it and you'll probably enjoy things more.  Then I think you'll enjoy the climate even more and be in a position to develop from as well. I think the next point is really important the sense of adventure I'm sure we all have that. If you've signed up for this and you've definitely definitely got that. It's a good sense of adventure. Yeah. And let me remind you as well. It's never too late. You know, I, I love teaching climbing to all ages and meet people from all over the world. Teaching climate so it's never too late so it doesn't matter how old you are. Yeah, it's, it's a great thing whenever it's really good for building teamwork and friendships. So that's fairly automatic that they become really good friendships because you're often experiencing, you know, quite unique experiences. So you have that really nice connection, you know, when climbing, you have to trust people really well but also it takes you to some really special parts of the UK. Experiences can be quite vivid at times and, you know, it's nice to share that with people and, and you've always got that to share together as well. So it's very good for that. And like I said, you know, you can take it to some of the most amazing parts of the world if not the country. You know, we're very lucky in this picture here. This is Reef over on the west coast of Scotland in the northwest of Scotland, and you can see the mountains and background and it's a really nice little sitler. It's a beautiful place. So, you know, going, so if you already do a little bit of climbing wall, you know already, or it's maybe been due to COVID times it's maybe a long time since you've been climbing. And you're going back out to outside rock rather than in the climbing wall. Then, you know, I think the challenge is, is one of the best things about this. You know, there is more adventure than, than, than your climbing wall obviously and, you know, and nature as well. You know the climb walls are great and I often use them as well but you know I think if you're using the climb wall all the time I think there's maybe that ambition to work to start moving outside to go climbing as well. I'd say, you know, how to do all this, how to and what to expect. Well, again, like I said, you know, one good way is to go with experienced friends or family, and they can look after you obviously they'll have to be, you know, climbers. Very lucky if you have that in your family. That'd be really nice. Maybe an instructor or a mountain guide. There's going to be other equipment that you're going to need more than maybe at the climb wall. So you can need a simple climbing rack and a rope as well. So, and this equipment, you can't go out and buy it by overnight it can all be very expensive. So over time I would say, you know, just generate this equipment slowly over time, and that will allow you to go to different places. And, you know, with the equipment and borrow a bit from friends, reliable friends who are maybe climbers, borrow this equipment and acquire over time or maybe combine it with a team of friends, who some people may have more equipment than others, and that'll help going outside. This is all great because it's often new equipment and something good and new to learn that might be different from the climb wall. So if you do a crag will involve more planning. You'll obviously have to get there and need to know more about a crag that than a climb wall. You'll have to have a look at the weather forecast. Maybe read a guidebook. And what comes with visiting different crags is all the different rock types, climbing styles and history. You know, these places have in the UK we have some of the best climbing history in the world. And we love writing about it. So in all the climbing guidebooks that give you a general overview of the climbing history in the area, which is really nice. Also what to expect is, you know, the challenge of, you know, navigating and climbing around rock and, and all the sort of the risk that comes with that.  And I see that's part of the challenge as well also part of the reward, you know, in doing the job well. So and share that as well with friends and not something new to learn when going outside climbing outside. Very different from a climbing wall is the weather. So the weather can can often be a bit of a challenge depending on where you are in the country. So, you know, good luck with that. And it may involve traveling sometimes, or maybe a little bit more planning around days off and grabbing the best chance of the weather. So the last few days of the day, it's, it's started when it's decided to start to go a little bit more summary. So it feels a little warmer today, which has been, which has been really, really very welcome. The last last few days. So what types of climbing skipped ahead. I'll just, we got. I don't know, I'm not sure if you know of these types of different climbers, I'll try and summarize or describe them. Baldwin is very popular. And that's here in this picture here you can see requires very little equipment. It's normal for people to have a bouldering mat nowadays. And it's normally to a crag that's very small or even a set of boulders. That you can climb comfortably. And it allows you maybe to focus more on the technique and the difficulty of climbing and, and you can often use it for training but also a bit fun. The great thing about Baldwin is it doesn't require much equipment. And you can get a lot done in a very short amount of time.  If it's an area, you know, well, for a bit of fresh air and a bit of adventure. You know, I think if you're on your own a bouldering mat would make a bit more difference. I'd say a lot more people are using the standard anyway. And these can be bought in most shops as well. So this bouldering. This is the Trad Climbing which which is getting a lot of really good profile now you know it's it's it's the most probably old fashioned style of climb we've got but it's but it's also well respected throughout the whole world. Our view on Trad Climbing. And that is that we place gear into the crag. And so you can be very creative and inventive in make and the challenge is more to make it safe by putting wires and cams in and making your own belays with no fixed equipment in the in the roof. I would say most of the climate in the UK is Trad Climbing. And then there's the Sport Climbing and Sport Climbing this is where there will be bolts in the crag. And it's probably in the UK it's been accepted that crag is okay to bolt. And there'll be metal clips metal bolts. And there will provide your safety and your sport climate, just like in a climate more as well. Single Pitch Climbing is where all of this climbing this can be sport climbing or track climbing, but single pitch means that it's a small crag that you can operate on the crag with, you know, a rope length very very easily. Also normally a single pitch climbing has easy access to the top and bottom. But this is where some of the biggest adventures are in the UK. And this involves more than one rope length. So you'll have to stop mid route and make a belay at a stand source somewhere where you can't carry on. There'll be a natural ledge maybe normally sometimes really good ledges and you make a belay and repeat the process. In the UK some of these routes could be, you know, even up to eight, nine, 10 pitches, pitches long, you know, on average you get a lot of crags and maybe two to three pitches high in the Lake District in north Wales, but also like I said some of the biggest adventures in the UK can be a lot more than that if not double. So that's multi pitch climbing, big adventures. So here here's some images. This is on the main image on the left there that's a route called savage slit here in the kangaroos and that's a three pitch route multi pitch route. And it's a granite rock type. And it's here in the kangaroos. It's in the, you know, the grade of that is, is VDF severe. Really nice multi pitch time. And then you've got top right is the old man of hoy. Very, you know, obviously differing seriousness levels and adventures and I would say the old man of hoy is probably one of the biggest and best track time and adventures you can have in the UK. So it's a big stack upon the north of Scotland in the alchemy islands. And then lower down is a sport climb on slate in Clamberris in north Wales. So it's just an example of different climbs in different places throughout the UK. So that is, this is all going to be new. Like I said before, the equipment required and a bit of care and maintenance.  So, you know, do keep an eye on it and constantly monitor any sort of like wear and tear. Yeah. But there is quite a lot of equipment to be bought or slash acquired. And with all this, I would say it's quite expensive, like I said to buy all in one. So, you know, I would acquire it over time. And what will happen is you'll, you'll see where you want to go next or and you'll think how we need this piece of equipment. Well, that's fine. And that means it allows you to maybe visit somewhere else. So you buy it over time, and when you can afford it. But you know, obviously, you're going to need a helmet harness and rock shoes and chalk bag. Well, you can build on, you can build on what you already have maybe for the climbing wall, for example, and the rope is, you know, so the rope that you go to the climbing wall with, you can use at a crack as well. Slightly different, you're going to need a small climbing rack. Now, this is going to be dependent on the place that you want to go climbing or wherever is more local or somewhere that you particularly want to climb for the first time. Your climbing rock rack often has to suit where you're where you're starting out climbing. But there is an average rack that you can start with.  And then maybe some hexes and some slings, some 120 slings and some screw gates. You know, with with that, you could climb most things on small single pitch cracks. And then in time you'll, you'll learn a little bit more about what equipment is needed in different places. Like I said, it will last a long time and check it, check it regularly. Yeah, because different rock types can really affect the equipment a bit more. You know, the slate, for example, our sharp edges granite here in Scotland has quite a lot of crystals so you can watch out for the rope and so on and so on. If you're climbing by the sea, you know, nearly all the time then do maybe wash and rinse your gear just simple wash and rinse in the bath with no no just clean water will be will be enough.  So for example, Pembroke in South Wales, if you are climbing there all the time, even just the, you know, the wind, wind off the sea will be enough for you to maybe do this quite regularly. Yeah, just keep good care of your equipment. Climate partners. This is the best bit, because these people really make it the easier friends. So some advice on this is, first of all, pick people that you like being with in the mountains and climbing. Yeah. And that might be not because they know lots about climbing is that you have fun with them, and you like being with them and. But it might also be that a really good climber in a role model, and, and you feel safe with them. And I think that as well as if both of you know very little you can learn together as well which is a nice, a nice thing. Similar ambitions is often nice. You like going to the same places and want to climb the same routes. And you're like I said learning from each other and learning together is a brilliant way.  And, you know, it's, it's, it's a really, really good process. And it goes without saying that, you know, that you trust these people that you're climbing with, and those people are honest as well and what I mean by that is that they're quite good at sharing how they feel and what they're thinking, which is nice. They're safe and reliable so you know, be selective with these, you know, and do go with people that you do feel safe, safe with. Now, this doesn't happen overnight. And like I say on the slide, this can take time so.  This was quite an issue, and maybe still is as well, you know, I'm back to work and, and I'm starting to sometimes remember things slowly, you know, like, I sometimes forget, not obviously not when climbing but just going back to work after a while. You do forget the little things the normal things so you know I understand this. For me I'm quite lucky, you know I get to climb most of the time, so that you know that that's really nice but, but I think when we've taken a step out of doing something for a very long time, it does take time to get back into it. You know, so just be aware of this yourself, and maybe for others as well. Keep an eye on each other. And through being aware of this then what advice I can give you is just start slowly. And, you know, start on easy climbs, but aim to do them well. I often find that's a very good way for me to start season I'll go on a climb that I maybe know really really well, but I'll aim to do it in a good style. That's my way of starting out going to a place that I've climbed already before. Another way is looking after each other a bit of teamwork and understanding each other's strengths and weaknesses. You know we all have good and bad days. And, you know, this might be one of those times as well so help each other out with a bit of teamwork around this. Maybe set a bit of a time scale to this timeline.  Yeah, you know so you know I would give this some time and maybe allow a bit of practice lead up time to some of the bigger adventures. And a good reminder throughout all of this as well it's you know have fun along the way all the time. Yeah, so maybe plan in some smaller clips. I like the one in the image there just to get warmed up and get back into it before bigger roots. So when you when you're going out to your climbing it's going to be important that you will know where to go. You know, I was I would say, this is all down to venue choice. It might be that it's a venue closest to you. And that's great. I can give you any advice I can give you this map and you might have a guidebook for it, you can find this all online. Just, you need to just Google the area and you probably pop up on a website of some sort, or sometimes a website called UK climbing. You might pop up on that and that'll give you a very good index of the climbs and the tracks in your area. Yeah, so that's, that's always a good, good thing to look for. But you'll nearly always come across that that website when Googling something depends how far you do want to travel. You know, maybe in an area where you're very, very lucky, for example, like the Peak District. You might be in the Highlands of Scotland. Never to be aware you do have to travel a bit be you've got lots of choice.  Also, depending on where you want to climb. You need to where whether it's going to be single or multi pitch. That's up to you. And what you decide to do. I would say, for example, starting out, I would go single pitch.  So you may in time actually feel that you want to build a longer climb somewhere, like in North Wales. Or Devon and Carmel, for example. So wherever you go, there's, it's going to be up to you what sort of thing you're after what sort of style of climbing you have to. Yeah. So all these, they will have guy climbing guidebooks for the areas and climbing guidebooks again better and better every day. So I would just keep your eye out online or in shops. And, you know, pick up a guidebook and the one that you like reading or the one that makes climbing look really, really good. Get that one and use that one. I think the ones with top photo toppers and good route descriptions combined with those that they're the best ones to look out for. So the ideas you can get for for where you're going to climb the things like articles or even some coffee table books, and they can maybe give you some some ideas and places to climb in the UK. Word of mouth, as well. So you might, you know, hear this from a friend, wherever they're going climbing or you've heard about it chatting in a group or the club that you're out of the climbing wall. And then you can look this place up and do a better research. You know, maybe it might be very, very interesting for people but each venue might be a different rock type. Just be aware that that rock type will climb slightly different to a place that you might be used to. Again, I think that's one of the, the, the beauties of rock climbing is that the rock type can change the style of climbing required. So the gear can be slightly different as well. So this all adds a bit of variety to our climate, which is, which is really nice and fun. So here's a few images of different places and rock climbing. So the main image here is on is on sky. It's a really interesting sea cliff called Kilt Rock with lots of vertical columns that you can climb. And this route's called Grepanther, a real classic there. And the top top right image is stack poly in Scotland, really nice rock to climb, really, really, really beautiful place to go and outstanding views and then the bottom right is is the on various slides. Yeah, so again, very accessible. And again, really cool rock types climb. It's very, very different from anything else, which when all these different rock types make for makes for adventure, but also fun and a little bit of kind of like challenge along with it as well. Just a little word on on access. You know, this is really important. I think it's important that we respect this as well. All of these climbing areas will probably have some sort of access already agreed. But just double check this and make sure. I think most of the main popular climbing areas in UK it's all been agreed either this is by access throughout Scotland, or the BMC for England and Wales will have already agreed some sort of access and advertised and any issues have normally been normally been sorted out for us. But it's still always if you're unsure it's always good to ask. So you can look at this in the guidebook or online as well. Yeah, there may be some local restrictions so just look out for these that might be a signpost somewhere. But again, do respect that it might be because it's birds nesting or some sort of temporary closure in that area. Yeah. So be respectful and consider it for others at the crag as well. And I think it's a really good, a good habit. And, you know, I think, I think it also makes for a really nice environment for other climbers to constantly visits and feel, feel like it's a nice happy place to go climbing.  Not just leave it as you found it but if, if there's any way that the area that you climb in it can be improved, then then even better, you know, conserve that area, you know, for climbing for the future for everybody. So look out for the climbers and just be be respectful and aware of other climbers at the crag. And, and how equally they are there for a nice adventurous time climbing in nature, just just like he snarls. Yeah, it's always nice to say hello as well and be polite and have a little chat with the climbers because often, nowadays, it's really nice to see other people outside in the mountains. So, so do say hello to each other as well. It's a really nice thing to do. All of this is kind of what we call crag etiquette. So that all comes underneath this subheading. Ultimately we're aiming for minimal impacts as regards to, to how we use these areas. Okay rope systems you're going to need to practice these and all of these again this doesn't happen overnight. Different rope systems you can read books about these and practice in the front room, practice in the garden and practice with your climbing friend as well. But it's all, it's all so good just to get used to a couple of rope systems that you know well and that can work in most places. The top rope is a bit like what you would see already set up at the climbing wall. And this is where, you know, or in this image here where that person's already climbing be led at the top and the second is climbing up this this system needs to you need to get used to this. So you're looking to progress on to lead climbing where you've already made an anchor at the top, and you're bringing your friend up with the rope, because this is the system that you would need to set up. If you will need climbing. The bottom rope is like what you would see a climbing wall, where you're all be laying at the bottom of the climb, you know, and the ropes going through a belay at the top. So that's a bottom rope. Again, that does need a different rope system to be set up as well. Now all of these need really good anchor and placements and judgment of those anchors as well. Take time to learn about these and understand what makes a good belay and less so good belay and how to make it better as well. So take time to learn that and respect it and judge the equipment that when you've placed it in the in the in the rock. Yeah, practice a rope systems in safe places. And, you know, again go to smaller venues first venues that you feel a lot more comfortable at. Yeah, and the books reference books can help with this and things online as well. The gear placements can this all can be practiced at the crag in a safe place maybe at the maybe at the top, but it can also be practiced at the bottom of the crag especially if it's a safe area with, you know, not underneath any climbers as well but that can be a good way to place gear and just have a little practice in a safe way. And all this time as well. You know, constantly reflect and and judge what you're doing you know challenge yourself as well and you know and this is how we learn as well so, you know, take time to practice this. So you can see here some images of people already be laying at the top of the crags or in the main image. This is a is a traumatic. And this climate has been set up and you can see that he's connected to to to to anchor there to anchor belays. Yeah and he's bringing up his, his climbing partner. North Wales traumatic and then again the top right is coincidentally traumatic as well so you can see somebody there be the top and bringing up the second as well. And then this person in the bottom right there setting up a bottom rope system so you can see him practicing there with the ropes and equalizing the system that's what he's about to do that by putting a knot in the rope. Good. Now so lead climbing I would say lead climbing is probably the purest form of climbing that we all practice and focus towards. What this means is that you are as you are climbing you are placing gear and and you are judging that gear and the challenge is to make it safe. What I'd recommend with this is starting on easy things first and this these might be things you've climbed on a safe top rope stuff with as well. Yeah, but focus on the technical aspects of placing gear. Yeah, focus on the technical aspects placing gear rather than the difficulty of the climbing. Yeah, so maybe start on easy easy climbs first and can concentrate on doing a good safe job. And that might help give you the confidence of your confidence of your climbing as well. Yeah. I've just had a question come in from Facebook. So there's someone who's looking to progress from qualifications RCI to MCI. Yeah, any tips okay okay yeah we can answer that I would. Yeah I would say, so the other question about coming in from one person who's going from RCI to MCI. Yeah, I would say, because you need to have your ML mountain leader, and then from that mountain leader, which which takes a little while. From that mountain leader you need to do lots of multi pitch fun, because RCI is mainly around single pitch. So, towards the MCI, you need to collect at least 2020 multi pitch routes before you can go into your MCI. And some of those have to be at VS. Yeah, so. So yeah, that's it's a big step, but it but the MCI is quite a big qualification as well and allows you can do to do many things, all aspects of mountaineering. So, good luck and and have fun doing that and and and I hope, I hope you have a great time doing it as well because it's an amazing pathway and a superb career step as well. I look forward to seeing you. Thanks Jack, thank you. Good so back to Lee climbing on single pitch. You know, I think Lee climbing also you have to have an understanding of the risk and involved and and this is why we place runners as we climb, but also not just the risk for you looking after your second as well. But don't worry, all of this can be fun. This is why we want to go climbing but I think we do in the background risk assess a lot of the time when we're when we're climbing. It will help if you understand climbing grades. So that could have been done right from the very start, just to ensure that you know what you're climbing and the fact that you're not climbing something that might be too hard for yourself. So that's on a grade or on a climb that is good for the grade. Make sure it is that climb as well. So you're not climbing on a different route by mistake, for example. So, understanding the grades will help that make sure you don't get something too hard too soon. Yeah. It will help if you're climbing well. What I mean by that is you've got good, good technique you're feeling strong you're feeling fit. And that means that you'll enjoy the climbing and you can concentrate on placing the gear. Yeah, so climbing well is one of the biggest aspects actually, probably slightly more than understanding how to place kit. If you're climbing well. I think that's a really, really good place to start. Yeah. So, combined with that is belay making, you're going to have to make a belay at the top of the climb. This is, I would say practice this to get to a stage where you can do this unprompted for lead climbing and going into lead climbing. And risk assessment, I don't want to make it sound like it's too big a thing, but I think you're just looking after each other and the people around you but also just mainly your second and yourself. And asking the what ifs, we're very good at that as climbers, and they need to prevent in the what ifs or protect them, protect them somehow and put lots of gear in if you get scared. That's one little tip. And then, yeah, combined with lead climbing as well is you will probably at some point want to learn how to upsell. This is quite a good technique for climbers to know, not just from getting around but also you may be able to retrieve some gear that has been stuck, or it might be access to a certain climb, you have to upsell. But it also is a very useful thing to know how to do but also to feel comfortable with it as well. We don't do lots of it as climbers, but it's a really good, simple and important technique. And employ safety measures as well by using a prusik. And this can again safeguard the upselling technique. And make it feel a lot more comfortable. Yeah. But lead climbing multi pitch. I would say, you know, on the previous slide was the textbook, so I single pitch craig standage in the peak district. And then this is a very key wall in Scotland. Going into any advice I can give going into multi pitch. Go and do a climb that you really want to do that you've that you feel inspired and motivated to do, but make sure you're doing it the right time and not too early so I would say lots of single pitch climbing will help. Not just by making belays, but also that you're climbing your route finding is is on form. And you're feeling confident and you can do this a very local smaller place closer to home maybe, or easy access or somewhere you know well. So go on the multi pitch climb that you really want to do, but at the right time. Yeah, because it is going to employ a lot of route finding skills, and also belay construction on often really small ledges. So you have to be able to make a belay mid route. And what comes with that as well is managing that stance, and also the rope. So, you know, it was dependent, I would aim for big ledges or, you know reasonable ledges to start off with. And any tips I can give on route finding is I would look for ledges, almost first. Yeah, so keep an eye out for ledges on the route and consider those. The guidebook will normally tell you and describe or even point out a photo where the belay should be or where it normally is. Yeah, but at those stances you are going to have to sort the rope out and organizing it in a very structured manner. So do practice that, so that your rope works not slowing you down or making it feel really difficult. And a lot of all that depends on how long your climb is, and is also how long it's going to take. So a bedtime management is really quite important. Any tips I can give on this is do, you know, do jobs well and do them once. So things are well practice, for example, help each other out with route finding. So, you know, gear changeovers at stances, not fast, but they're done well and done once. Yeah, so nice and nice and smooth. Yeah, trying to rush things because you often make mistakes rushing and have a really fun time along the way as well. Yeah, so taking the views and take lots of photos and have a nice time. No, all of this on top of all this, you know, you know, placing gear, the risk assessment. All this can be made so much easier by good climbing technique and strength and efficiency and confidence as well. Yeah, because with good climbing movement, this can be practiced bouldering or the climbing wall or just general good conditioning at home but it can improve your efficiency. You can feel better, you can feel stronger, you know, and you perform a lot better. So keep your cardio training up. And if you go like going into the mountains, keep scrambling and keep doing those ridges and that will help with all of your climbing and judgment as well. And all of this will be important, will help you progress into the next grade or whatever climb you want to do on next big adventures. Some different rock types will require different techniques. For example, you know, on grit stone you'll do a lot of jamming on slate climbing you climb a lot of sharp edges and and require very, very good balance. Whereas limestone is often quite strenuous and very technical. So that's, again, part of the, you know, the beauty of all of this is the fact that you get so much variety, but it does require different strengths and techniques, which is a great thing. Many tips are also you can give you is watch other climbers and maybe, maybe learn from others as well. And friends as well, you know, really good role models, but keep up the good simple strength and conditioning at home. Yeah. Good. Right so thank you, thank you everyone. I've just had some questions come in. I just hope you hope you did enjoy that talk and hopefully it was useful. Just just by the way, this is on Bozegren Commando Ridge in, in North, North Cornwall. So yeah, you'll, that's an amazing place to go climbing. It's beautiful. So I've had a question from Kate. Thanks so much. By the way, everybody for your really nice questions. Do I need, do you need to be a member of a club association for insurance to climb in certain places, both in the UK. Do you need to be a member of the club of insurance. So insurance to climb. No, no, you don't need to know you can, you can know you don't need to be in a club.  You don't really need to be associated with with anything really. You know, you can be just a group of friends. Depends what you mean by insurance. If you're a member of the BMC, you can. You can be a third part insurance by being a member of the BMC automatically so that's one good, one good reason to be to be a member of the BMC. But other than that, you know, personal insurance that can that has to be bought. If you are looking, looking for insurance. And as far as you don't need insurance for rescue here in the UK. If you go down that route, you can get climbing insurance through the BMC and some other companies as well. So hopefully that helps answer your question. Okay, and, and then I've had another question from Chris on Facebook. When I'm sailing do you touch the person to your leg strap. Yes, yes, I do. Yeah, that can be a really simple, efficient way of touching the project. The only small risk with that is you don't want to proceed too close to the be a device when up sailing. And often with the leg loop attachment, it can come quite close. So what you can do is extend the up sale be a device with a sling from from your, from your be a loop. Yeah. Hopefully that helps. But there's a lot of information on online and in books. But yeah, I do use a leg loop. It's a very comfortable place to have the process attached. By the way, some people do use the be a loop to clip the process into. But that is essential, absolutely essential that you need to extend the, the be a abseil device with a sling because the two wouldn't fit in the be a loop together. Yep. Good, hopefully that helps. And Nicole is asking about beginner courses are they well more are they day or week long courses. Well you can have a look on their website. It's really nice. And that'll give you a full range of the rock climbing courses. There's a lot of rock climbing courses that are just two days, weekends, and also five day Monday to Friday rock climbing courses. And also, for example, today I'm on a three day rock climbing course from Wednesday to Friday. So full range, Nicole of lengths of courses and times of the week. I hope that helps. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, Steve. Okay, come back out and pop back into into zoom. There we go. Great talk. Thank you, Steve. That's everyone's everyone's kind of asked their questions. But if anyone has any more, please fire away but I just wanted to say before we close up that student managed to cram in a lot of information and space of 50 minutes it was brilliant. So if any of you want to watch it again, or get any of your friends to watch it then it is on Facebook it's been recorded and we'll have it on our YouTube other sprig of YouTube channel tomorrow as well so Like you say, Mark, I think it is quite a lot there. I kind of aim to maybe scrape on the surface of most things. So hopefully it's helped everyone and inspired folks to to get out and learn more. Fantastic. Yeah. No, just, there's one or two people saying they couldn't couldn't stay till the end but they were. Yeah, the heads were full of loads of information so they wanted to revisit it so I just thought I'd throw out that the recording will be available. Thank you tomorrow so but I think that that's it. I mean, people have been asking questions as we've been going through and really appreciate your time this evening. Yeah, enjoy enjoy the rest of the shine and yeah. Thank you. And thank you to everyone as well for attending and I hope we get to meet one day climbing or wherever so thanks for a much guys. Brilliant and do do check out Glenmore Lodge's courses because they have got hundreds of courses and you'll never regret doing a course up at Glenmore Lodge believe me, they're fantastic and instructors are all brilliant so thank you. All right. Thanks to you. Thanks everyone. Okay. Thank you.


LaSizeWe rebranded after five years in the entertainment industry. It's hard to believe that it's only half a decade since we were introduced to LaSizeWe Dombusa as a YouTuber and influencer. Now, five years later, he is on a path to rebrand himself. LaSizeWe has become a reality TV star, CEO of his own production company, and an entrepreneur, and told F5 News he is constantly looking for new ways to expand his career. I'm rebranding myself. I've been in this game for five years now, so I've been trying to diversify myself and just expand my portfolio and horizon, he says. While he's always been aware of the nature of the industry he's in, LaSizeWe says he is still learning how to shut out the noise of social media critics and trolls. He finds relief in taking time off to realign himself and his purpose. I haven't found a balance yet. I think it's weird that five years later I still don't know how to handle trolls and how to allow myself to have peace and sanity, it's just the element of being human. LaSizeWe says he intentionally didn't use his full name when starting his career because he always wanted to be able to keep his personal life and celeb persona apart. What I've done with my career is not based on my real name. LaSizeWe is not on my ID, so when I'm home and the lights go off, all I have is myself, LaSizeWe. He has stamped his real name on his production company because it is not part of the social media personality he portrays, he says. You need to find what brings you back to zero, calm down, and realize why you do what you do and what will remind you of why you'll do it again. So it's not the LaSizeWe dombuses social media facade, TD Media is the real core of myself. He has about 10 permanent staff members and several interns employed in his production company. We're creating a lot of jobs, and one thing about TD Media is that we love employing the youth. It's more of a skills development company. After this year, LaSizeWe was part of a student funding campaign called hashtag R10 goes a long way. He teamed up with Zaboumabina, King Aya, and Taki's Dinewiddy on the project which raised money to help students pay their registration fees. LaSizeWe says he wants to grow the project next year to make it bigger and better. We're going to try to pay for more students' fees. There will be a difference in the rollout next year. I think it was a learning curve for all of us.