s is yeah it's very exciting I'm glad I have this opportunity to be here I've seen a lot of heard a lot as well very interesting has it further encouraged you or is it discouraged you in pursuing politics I wonder well yeah it's very interesting and it's I'm thinking about it yeah I'm still deciding though I'm still young yeah for sure you feel exactly and don't pigeonhole yourself yet you don't know what you might do but could you imagine yourself maybe studying economics and history or something and working behind the scenes in politics or could you imagine yourself maybe in elected politics or what yeah I do I do enjoy economics and history I could see myself doing that yeah I like public speaking as well so I could see myself in the elected form as well yeah okay and do you feel that you've got opinions you've got views that may be a more representative of the young people and that you could be in a good position to go in there and start making some inroads yeah I could I like listening to other people's suggestions as well like it's bring those forward to well you need to get rid of that listening to other people's suggestions just be single minded and dogged I just enjoy it's really important I'll come back to you Roshin Faran you're on the Youth Council how's the Youth Council experience been for you? Youth Council is brilliant it's definitely an interesting experience especially like definitely getting your voice across and subjects that will actually make a change it is a meaningful thing isn't it I'll be honest with you when it first started I maybe was a bit cynical about it you know what I mean but the views are listened to and you do feel you have an important there is two way streets in that conversation isn't there? definitely there's a great connection between our Youth Council and the actual County Council our opinions are definitely listened to and we're definitely heard what have you enjoyed most about this trip? this trip I've definitely loved walking around the Grand Palace it was brilliant we had a tour and we could see all the details and all the buildings it was really interesting was Brussels what you expected it to be and if you haven't been here before you google and you search and you try and street view and all that kind of stuff I'm not sure if you did that but did it match your expectations? definitely a lot more brilliant and beautiful than I thought I didn't really google anything but it is definitely a really beautiful city could you see yourself living in a city like this? I could definitely see myself living everything's just so close together it's really beautiful as is Car and Donna and Sarans of course there's no harm in a bit of travel Trevor is it you know personal growth and what have you? we'd like people if they wanted to do things because they want to and not feel compelled to do so yes they wish to work abroad the choice whether to work in Ireland or go abroad just on about Brussels yesterday the group actually put 24,000 steps and so they got a good viewing of Brussels yesterday I just want to pay tribute to all the students that we took with us they were being very good and the families at home the school at home should be very proud of how they conducted themselves Alistair wants to know from either I'll ask you Luke actually and maybe get Roshin's view Alistair says can you ask the young people if they feel overlooked so much chopping and changing with the school curriculum especially after their experience with Covid I mean the Department of Education would say that they do consult now more with students than they ever did but do you get a sense that people are making decisions for you without consulting you Roshin you're keen to answer this one I was meeting two other students from current attended student voice meeting and down in Port Leish it was really like a big constructive project and there was lots of groups and lots of meetings and we definitely got our input in and it was basically like all the same things I think the Department has to listen because I mean we had that this unexplainable because no one recommended it adjustment to the leaving cert cycle some of the exams towards the end of fifth year and then it would have complicated transition for some they rolled back on that but I don't think that decision would have ever been made with proper consultation to begin with one of the main topics we did talk about at that student voicing was the leaving cert and how they're trying to make the transition from the junior cycle into the leaving certificate more like easy or like more smooth definitely the leaving cert is very like old fashioned or like it's very set in its ways needs definitely a change Luke just to the listeners question do you feel you're being overlooked do you feel you're being ignored in life well I think there are some that I think that's young people they wouldn't have experienced as much as older people and they might not like take on our views as much as they would in adults but there are some who want to hear young people's voices and of course as well being young people want to be heard and in our opinions we've cancelled European and general elections all coming up in the next few years you'll probably be over 18 at that point I would guess I haven't a clue but I'd guess what's your view first Roshin in terms of the voting age being reduced to 16 on all elections some elections or none I definitely think I like the voting age of 18 I think it's a good like a good age for everything but yeah I definitely think maybe they should take young people's experience and views into account of voting as well but I'm not really sure if I'm being honest I like the 18 age yeah what about you Luke yeah the 18 age is a good age as well some people who are younger might not be as mature and can't believe I'm getting this from young people yeah yeah so I think the 18 age is a good age what are you doing in that school Trevor I'm screaming for the voting age to be 16 not sitting there agreeing with us all schools are trying to give students advice 100% and I think we can do it particularly well in Donegal because we're very critical thinkers up here you can't hold us back I wouldn't like to try and hold Roshin or Luke back I don't think I'd get away with it I think that's great with powerful young people here I come across them all the time and you use harness and embrace that and encourage that at the school Trevor we're trying to encourage them all walks of life maybe in academia or through sporting everybody has their place and we're trying to find everybody's place and encourage them to embrace it and to work in it and do the best they can alright so Luke do you want to finish your point you say maybe that bit of maturity that comes with 18 do you want to listen and find some mechanism which there are already there to listen to younger people yes the 18 age is good and maybe we could listen to some people who are younger and take their points on board well I was down at a conference not cut across you and not listen to you I was down at a conference in Dublin recently about the future of radio and how you guys are going to be listening to radio and I looked around and I looked up on the stage and I looked in the audience and there wasn't a young person to be seen you had a group of older people sort of trying to debate what might happen in terms of radio leadership for young people you have to have that conversation with the people that you're talking about because they will best inform you so I agree people have to listen to the younger people a call or it's not a call or I think I know who it is wishing everyone from current on a community school plastic trip to the European Parliament from everyone at iMotors especially Shauna who's one of our own Shauna was laughing she was actually joining us on the trip yeah excellent and are all passports currently accounted for yes we needed them to get it out but the students were giving them we tried to left them but they don't need them I'll take the fair play to your team you've got great students don't get me wrong get them around safe and get them home safe I would like to thank the other members of staff who's joined us on this trip because they've been very good and again we've great students how did you join the short straw having to come in and speak to me Trevor how was that decided rock paper scissors I was trying to pass it over to numerous members of staff and one was going and then the researcher came back and said just join the aims here we're working with you well Trevor you've done a fantastic job Roshine Luke wants to have the airwaves just like you for having us on it's our pleasure I couldn't believe it because I knew you were here and I thought wow you know a local school and the local station here and the fact that you were able to come in it's brilliant so we really appreciate it yeah thanks for having us on it's a great opportunity to be to be heard on radio well listen the lines are always open go ahead Trevor again just like to thank Luke Flanagan for inviting us the trip probably wouldn't been possible you know and there are people young people on that trip who will make decisions based off something like this you know I think it's really significant you know it gives people direction or whatever it might be some people get their inspiration from a sports star or something but I think there's at least going to be a couple that after this trip it's going to change a path in some way or other for them and I think that's really powerful it does all right Trevor McCallion teacher at Karnedonic Community School in Donegal Queen Farron she's also on the Donegal Youth Council as well and we also thank Luke McLaughlin for calling in a keen interest in politics I think we might be hearing from the two of you again in the future what do you think definitely yeah I think so too right 08 660 25000 that is the telephone but we might take that last break now and that will give us a chance to get our next guest in so we'll be back with our final guest of the show in the next couple of minutes okay last guest of the morning is Mark Cunningham who's involved with the GAA in Brussels Mark thank you for joining us thank you for having me your treasure of the European Community's Gaelic Club in Belgium how big is the GAA community here well it's about there's two different clubs there's the adult club and there's the children's club which is European Community's Gaelic Club there's 75 children who are members and there's about 30-40 members who are adults and then the adult club players as well all adults so we're two different clubs and you play against each other presumably well we're actually we normally train together and we have the Hague comes down we have Frankfurt comes down we've just come back from Berlin played a tournament in Berlin this weekend six different countries represented nine clubs playing for the failure qualifications in July that's fascinating isn't it really and I imagine too you've got some very good players as well people who would be playing their trade for the local club and maybe the county but they've moved away and they still want to be involved in the sport yeah and it's a lot of the people who are ex-players are now the children of playing so you know funny enough the kids here have actually played in six different countries in Europe including Ireland so they've been in more countries playing Gaelic than someone I've actually visited normally yeah your families from Mayo Galway you played as a child in London as well where there's a very strong obviously GAA community was it Chicano girls? I played for St Brandon's but Chicano girls as you know was a Gunny Goal club my father played for the Garry Island which was a very Galway-Clear West Ireland club and it was about 30 clubs when I was growing up huge but you tend to align yourself with the club from where your people took a club called the Kingdom which was playing in the Kerry colours and they were predominantly Kerry people as well very good how often do you strain? we strain about once every two weeks sometimes two out of three depending on the calendar and do you ever play at home? yeah we do we host the Benelux Cup every year so we Brussels is home for you have you ever played in Ireland sorry? we did we played in Ireland we played in Neve Borogues a few years ago and we won which was good it was great to play in Ireland and we're going back to Germany in a few weeks for the Benelux German Club lovely to speak to you and with your background any Gunny Goal representation in the club? we do actually because our chairman is a guy called Liam Breslin he was one of the people involved in the club his family originated from Carrick and West Donegal he's now himself he came from Wollongar West Meath which he reminds us constantly about but he is originally from Donegal listen it's been great having you in Mark sorry it was brief but I just wanted to recognise what's going on here is there anything else you want to add just before we wrap up? no I'd just like to say thank you and I'd also like to thank our sponsors Euro City who are it's an Irish guy called Sean McMahon who sponsors us and also to Sean Kelly who's been supportive over the last few years to us when we've been looking for a promotion fantastic a good GAA man as you probably know yeah of course listen brilliant although he gave us a wee dig on his way out about the trials and tribulations in Donegal but it was all in good spirits listen thank you very much Mark that's where we have to leave it on the programme today for this European special live from Brussels I want to thank Caroline Orr who researched and produced Donna Marie and Anya working back at base and Kevin working on the tech side of things here to all of our guests we have a wonderful tech team here in Brussels who've worked wonderfully with us and kept us on the air we really do appreciate it but that is where we have to leave it don't forget that Donald Kavana will be presenting the show tomorrow from 9 and I'll be back with you on Friday morning from our letter Kenny studio at 9 but for me Greg Hughes and all of the team have a wonderful Wednesday and chat to you soon


EIA case in Bangalore. So, environmental impact assessment notification the 2006 version which was adopted by Department of Environment Ecology and Environment by the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board. It made domestic polluters responsible. So, under that whenever you are proposing a building or a construction establishment either commercial or technopart or residential you have to take a consent which is known as consent mechanism. You have to take a consent from different authorities to establish that particular establishment and in that consent you have to clearly state that how you are going to manage your pollution solid waste liquid waste and if you are producing any air pollution. So, that was there in the building plan approval earlier it was not part of building plan approval. So, the key components within domestic drilling work that zero liquid discharge each and every property establishment has to maintain zero liquid discharge and to maintain the zero liquid discharge to motivate people to use recycled to recycle the sewage treated sewage they made environmental standard very stringent. It is like below 10 milligram per liter of BOD it is like ok if it is clean then people going to be use it for their toilets and for flushing or for recycling in their gardens. So, consent mechanism involves lot of agencies sometime it can go up to 10 to 15 multiple agencies. So, they have to take approval from Karnataka State Pollution Control Board development authorities BBMP which is their municipality and this particular example of EIA actually comes under command and control approach. As you see are you able to see this diagram? So, there are different dimensions of law most of the laws in India they fall under reactive category as in where we want to decide the norms we want to decide the standards and we want to it is kind of a vigilance it does not promote you know proactive actions it just you regulate something you are just regulating you are just holding a stick ok you do this thing you do this thing. So, which does not give that sense of ownership that you want to do something for your you know your country or your state or your city it is always comes from the top down approach that we think that you need to maintain your water bodies ok. So, this EIA radiation comes under reactive type of law which have which is a command and control approach and it follows certain norms consent and standards. So, the adoption of EIA by Bangaluru chose to adopt this particular EIA there was a two-fold motive behind this thing Bangalore was experience was experiencing a lot of urbanization and unplanned urbanization because of IT sector because of other kind of employment opportunities that it was providing and because of that the Bangalore water sewerage boat that was not able to provide water and wastewater services to the peripheral region that led to untreated waste going into the strong drain drains and the lakes that the Bangalore has. So, that kind of to reduce the burden BWSSB which is Bangalore water and sewerage boat, Karnataka state pollution control boat thought of implementing this EIA 2006. Under this certain properties of 20,000 square meter of build up area they were supposed to have their own solid waste management unit and liquid waste management unit. This led to a mixed model as I said. So, in Bangalore currently at least in 2015 they had centralized systems 14 and decentralized system about 3000 functional unit. The number is higher when you go to the records they are around 6000 units decentralized units, but out of that only 3000 are currently operational and functional on maintaining certain kind of standards. This I have already spoken about that how it is to deal with the growing population geographical expansion and burden on the current water supply and sanitation infrastructure. So, when I studied this case I came to understand that it is achieving some what better operational efficiency with respect to pollution treatment. So, I compared centralized systems with the decentralized system. What I came to know is that centralized systems are not able to achieve they are not even able to function at 25 percent of what they are supposed to function. While decentralized systems were able to function achieve some kind of an efficiency. Secondly, they were reaching to answer population that which was there in the peripheral region. Centralized systems were not reaching. So, at least that they were addressing that particular region. Secondly, thirdly reduce certain burden on public utility. Now, BWSSB does not have to you know reach to these areas. So, they can focus on other more important aspects and there was some degree of recycle and reuse was happening for a larger units like big technoparts they are there in back law peripheral region and for them there is no BWSSB supply, there is no public water supply or even if it is there it is very limited. So, they make use of this treated sewage and they kind of at least use it for non-potable purposes like flushing and irrigating and irrigation purposes. So, for them this model was useful for them this model was working even though it was slightly expensive for them because as I discussed here yesterday sanitation tax is very low in Indian cities most of the Indian cities. So, at least even though they were paying extra amount under this model they were able to recover it through recycling the sewage. So, this was useful for the bigger establishment, but not for the smaller establishments. So, these were the key challenges as I mentioned yesterday when you have so many decentralized units you need to government need to have that kind of resources to monitor so many such kind of units. So, KSPCB is currently dealing with that resource mismatch you have 6000 units and if you go to Bangalore I think Bangalore has four regional offices in Karnataka state in Bangalore itself and those regional offices has one environmental engineer senior environmental engineer they are supposed to frequently visit these units decentralized unit at least monthly once they are not even able to do that that is a kind of a crunch mismatch is there between the resources required and resources they have and KSPCB does not have any real power and why I say so? So, KSPCB are at most or any state pollution control board at most what they can do they can file a criminal case against the whoever is a defaulter in pollution management. So, what they did was they filed a case criminal case against BWSSB which is another government agency. So, they filed a criminal case against BWSSB there are 18 cases running since 2006 and nothing has been done after those cases. So, the maximum they can do is just file a criminal case and second thing what they can do which is kind of understood as a administrative power they can ask local authorities, local utilities to cut electricity or to cut water supply to certain industries or commercial properties, but these two measures are not applicable for domestic users because water and electricity is considered as a basic services. So, you cannot cut these two services if a domestic person or domestic like polluter is default out then you cannot do these things and then they have different measurements like the ZLD compliance the zero liquid discharge was not working as I said for smaller units it was very expensive for them to manage residential units they had to because as I said this was a command and control approach. So, they had to establish these systems otherwise building plan approval was not possible. So, they made the capital investment in these units, but ultimately when it comes to maintaining and you know recovering the ONM cost they were not able to. So, most of these systems 6000 were there only 3000 are working and the out of these 3000 only few are able to recycle or do the zero liquid discharge because the demand is very low for the recyclable water they are not even allowed to sell to another party so that they can make some money out of it. So, these are the certain policy recommendations that people are now making that at least allow us to sell our treated sewage so that we can make some money out of it and also this model does not include slums. So, centralized model anyway slums are not part of it because slums do not have a land tenure. So, you can get connected to centralized system only if you have a kind of a land tenure like if only if you own certain land household connection can happen only then and obviously decentralized systems are also not meant for slums. So, slums were anyways part are not part of centralized system or decentralized system. So, poor were anyways excluded from either the two models. So, if you have any question I can take one or two questions regarding this case study then otherwise I can move to next case study. So, with this case what has happened that. So, at the point that I have missed here is this point information is symmetry. So, what has happened that buildings are made by builders and then even though such kind of systems like solid waste management system or liquid waste management system these are established by the builders. The buyers potential buyers like me or you if you want to buy a flat in that particular building complex we are not aware of the expected or potential cost. So, when it comes to our hands building operator builders actually builders are supposed to maintain these system for five years such kind of solid waste and liquid waste system after five years they are supposed to hand over the system to resident welfare association. But because we are not part of the decision making of which technology is appropriate which technology do we want how much do we you know can we really pay the ONM cost for these technologies because we are not part of that selection process we are not aware of that. So, ultimately when it comes to us we do not want to manage that it is too much of a burden for them in terms of you know it is better to pay a very minimal sanitation tax to the government than maintaining our entire facility on our own it is very expensive for them at least for the smaller residential units or smaller units. Now, I am going to talk about national urban sanitation policy why this policy is important is that it is the first ever policy that concerns urban sanitation before that before 2008 we never had a any policy concerning urban sanitation ok. And it provides national goals on sanitation that means it links the SDGs and MDGs with the national level goals. It connects sanitation with health and environment which I told you that sanitation was used to be part of health and in 2008 NUSB again made that connect that sanitation should be linked with the public health then only you will be able to improve sanitation goals or achieve sanitation goals. It questioned the sustainability of centralized systems that why as I said a centralized system cannot connect to the slums because they do not have land tenure. Centralized systems are too expensive to be managed by smaller cities as I mentioned yesterday they cannot have they do not have the required capital and the capacities. So, centralized systems are actually failed to resolve equity issues and environmental sustainability issues. So, NUSB questions the sustainability of such centralized imagination in context of sanitation. And then it recommends certain things which cities should adopt over a period of time. It said that currently sanitation does not have any institutional hope. So, when you talk about sanitation, sanitation does not fit into any of the categories. Rural sanitation has a ministry urban sanitation does not have any ministry it comes under some urban development this thing. And even ULPs if you go at state level in some cities ULPs are managing sanitation in some states it is sewage boat that are managing you know sanitation. So, it is like different components of sanitation are being managed by different agencies even at the state and city level. Slum sanitation is being managed by a slum development board. Cities are being managed by water sewage board. So, they wanted that who is ultimately responsible for sanitation. So, NUSB said that you want to have an institutional hope and it said that ULPs should be the nodal agency to manage sanitation. And it said that you need to establish city sanitation task force. So, they understood that sanitation policies or sanitation solution should be developed bottom up rather than top down. Because when you go top down you just go for the centralized imagination. And each city as you are going to I think today we are going to talk about that LEP itself has a very heterogeneous pockets. So, there are certain pockets which has higher sanitation infrastructure and good practices there are certain pockets where sanitation infrastructure is very poor and the practices are very poor. So, at city level you need to adopt rather than one size fits all solution which is centralized solution. You need to have heterodox model of sanitation where you choose technical options based on those heterogeneous pockets.  Otherwise how it happens is that each city irrespective of their finances they want to adopt centralized systems. So, NUSB said that you have to adopt different models according to your need and capacity. So, then what I did was to understand if NUSB recommendation ultimately you know kind of translated on ground in with respect to cities. So, I studied few city sanitation plans. This process started in 2011. We have 134 city sanitation plans. And out of that I could banish to lay my hands on only 31 CSPs because others were not available in public domain. And out of that I studied around 27 CSPs. And I studied these CSPs to understand how many recommendations of NUSB are actually are part of CSPs. So, what I understood or what I learn from this study is that CSP actually all the CSPs they adopt is centralized system. The CSPs were very bad documents. All these CSPs were more of a what do you say, project reports rather than a plan. They were not plans. They were just project reports made by some consultant drawing upon secondary data whatever old data 2011 2010 2008 data and they sat there for two months and made a CSP. So, there was no participation. There was no consultation workshops. It was just a formality to draw funds from the center and the state. So, CSPs were not actually participative documents at all. So, that is what we understood over there and but then I wanted to understand that why cities adopted centralized option. Why they did not go for the decentralized option even when there was a opportunity for them to plan. So, what I understood was that there was no consultation. I do not know how many of you understand this thing, but when you say policy centralization it means that policy is being affected by the top down model. They were at different steps CSP formation, CSP content was affected by other actors not just the ULBs. So, like first thing was it was a consultant driven process. So, ULBs were supposed to develop these CSPs the consultants were decided at MOUD level. ULBs were not even allowed to choose their own consultant for developing CSPs. So, there was a policy centralization happening there. So, it was a chunk kind of a thing where MOUD gave contract to one big agency and MOU and that particular agency had to establish CSPs for 21 cities. So, when you see when you compare all these CSPs all CSPs will look copy paste documents only the name of city is changed or may be certain the data is changed otherwise same language is there same everything is similar. So, it shows that how much consultant can sit for two months and can equally like can easily prepare 11 CSP in one book it was so easy for them. And then where is the you know process there. And the second thing which they said was that why they didn't adopt decentralized option they said that we already have big money coming under JNNURM decentralization is this you need small money small pockets. Centralization means that we have big money which is already there with JNNURM why do we want to adopt decentralized options. So, this was the second reason. Third reason was service level benchmarks. Service level benchmarks I have you heard of these service level benchmarks. So, these are the service level benchmark that are given by Ministry of Urban Development in water supply and sewage and solid waste management. So, these if you see these service level benchmarks they are they don't consider they are not based on city size or city population. These are based on that every city has to reach to 100% level of sewage network. Every city has to have 100% collection. Every city has to have 100% you know disposal rate. But when you see each said each city is very specific. Each city has their own problems, their own issues and own strengths. But this model actually advocates that every city has to have a one size overall solution. So, when you compare these norms with the previous norms which were given by Zakira committee which was given by CPHDEO which were given by a nine five year plan those are very differential differential kind of standards in which they acknowledge that if a city is of one lakh population they have to have only 70 LPCD water supply. If the city is of bigger size they might want to have 120 LPCD. In this case every city has to have a 150 LPCD every city has to have you know 24 hour 7 hour water supply every city has to have 100% sewage network. So, this differentiality and the concept that every city has their own problems or own needs, own capacity that was not acknowledged in this SLB. In case of liquid waste management there are two types of standards that they are talking about they said that every city has to have 100% sewage network but within that there are two things that are there you can reach these 100% sewage network either a centralized way or decentralized way. But when I saw these, when I reviewed these CSPs most of the cities kind of ignored this factor that you can achieve 100% sewage by combining both the models so there comes that even the cities they don't want to adopt decentralized model. So, it is not just the SLBs it is just that they don't want to adopt decentralized model. And what is promoting them or what is promoting pushing cities towards service level benchmarks of 100% is the fact that SLBs are actually under 13 finance commission are linked to fund release. So, when something is linked to fund release you have to show that you want to achieve 100% of everything because that's how you are going to get funds from the center. If you are going to say I will just have a decentralized system and that we will see how it works who is going to give you funds for that. So, this is one factor as she said that there is an ambiguity in this SLBs and when there is ambiguous policy or the open policy or all inclusive policies every actor can choose to interpret that particular policy the way they want. So, the policy can swing either ways wherever you want it suitable thing. So, that is one thing which is going to be implementation at city level. In Alibagh what we try to do is that we try to develop sanitation zones. I think we mentioned about that. So, in sanitation zones you divide zones according to their infrastructure practices and future needs. So, that is how CSP's were expected to made but that didn't happen. What they did they gave a very brief introduction da da da da these are the status this is the problems and in the end oh we need so many big projects that was the city sanitation plan which even I can do. So, what is the need of having you know a participative institution like having a city sanitation task force where you have representative from public health department from sanitation from solid waste. So, all these things were not reflected in any of the CSP's where they like you can clearly see the linkages between proposed solution and how it improves public health. So, you can see that these documents are just copy paste from one to another to second to third and just city name is changing and some this thing are changing data is changing.


That is fire It's gonna be a sketch of Chewbacca that is insanely detail right there. That is Chewbacca freaking fire Looks like Quinton Baker Quinton Baker on the sketch looks like some watercolor around the outside, too That is a really cool when they're Brandon on the Chewbacca sketch. We'll get that in a mag for you, sir That is fire


So hello and welcome everybody to another talk of the Bite Size Talk series that is offered by the NFCO community and we should mention that it's receiving support from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. So we thank Ful for that. So today, Phil Iwels is back and he will tell us more about multi-QC and how to customize multi-QC reports, for example, your own pipeline. So thanks for joining us Phil today. Thank you for having me. Sorry that I've ended up doing two Bite Size Talks in two weeks since there have been a bit of a reschedule shuffle. I hope he won't be too tired of my voice already. Yeah, so today's talk is a bit of a break from what I've spoken about previously with Bite Size in that it doesn't really talk about NFCore at all. This talk is purely about multi-QC, which is one of my other kind of pet projects which I've been working on for a few years now. But multi-QC is used very heavily within the majority of NFCore pipelines. So we figure it's kind of a relevant topic for most NFCore developers certainly, but also people using NFCore pipelines as well. So today I'm going to start off with a quick introduction just for those people who might be watching who have no idea what multi-QC is. And then I'll talk about a few tips for people developing pipelines for recommendations to get the most out of multi-QC and then a few recommendations for people who are running NFCore pipeline, especially usually this is most relevant for people working in kind of facilities or large-scale routine processing places. But of course it can be used by anyone. So what is multi-QC? Basically multi-QC is to help this little guy who's sat wading through a text file, hundreds and hundreds of text files at the end of his analysis or her analysis, all these log files in the terminal trying to work out whether the analysis worked or not. And also trying to work out if there are any bad samples in his project. And what it does is it takes all of those text files and it visualizes them within a report. So you get a nice kind of shiny graphical thing that is more human-readable and you can kind of see at a glance hopefully roughly how everything's gone and if there are any samples which might need a closer look. It supports in a single report multiple different bioinformatics tools, 115 I think or something like that we're at at the moment. So the vast majority of kind of commonly used bioinformatics tools are represented out of the box. And it also handles multiple samples.  As well as the HTML report that it generates, multi-QC also spits out a bunch of other files, which give you a nice kind of standardized output. Bioinformatics tools are famous for lacking standards in file formats. So multi-QC does some legwork for you and you can choose to have, gives you tab separated files by default, but you can have YAML or JSON as well. And all the different 115 bioinformatics tools will produce output, which is in roughly the same flavor. So it's useful for downstream processing as well. Multi-QC is written with Python, so it's pretty easy to install if you've got Python set up on your system using a Python package index here. So pip install multi-QC, it's also in conda or you can use it with Docker or Singularity. There's a Galaxy app before it. Most places, you're already running software, you'll find multi-QC there as a Debian installation and all sorts. Then to run multi-QC, you call the multi-QC command, which is the tool name. And then it needs a minimum of just one argument, which is a file path. So in this case, I've given it a dot, which just means the current working directory in the terminal. And multi-QC then will recursively look through every file and folder in that path and see what it can find. And anything that's not the log file, although it doesn't recognize it, we'll just ignore. So it's been designed from a ground up to work with analysis pipelines where you have all of your results in a folder and then you just run multi-QC folder and it will find what's relevant. If you want, it can also take explicit file names and as many different tasks as you want, if that's better for your setup. And that's it. Once you've run multi-QC, it will tell you it's generated an HTML report and then it's up to you, the human, to do the difficult bit, which is to look at that report, understand what it's telling you and kind of continue with your analysis. I started multi-QC back in 2016, I think. And it has wildly exceeded expectations. I was looking this up yesterday. If any of you follow me on Twitter, you might have seen or just passed 2000 citations, now paper citations for multi-QC paper, which is just utterly kind of mind-blowing. I certainly didn't set out with any expectations of this. It was just an internal tool that we needed at SILIFE lab for our own internal QC. So it's very humbling that multi-QC has reached so many people and helped so many people. There you go, 114 different bioinformatics tools are supported, more coming in all the time. Those citations, I find quite terrifying, if I'm honest. You can see I got this kind of going up and up and it makes me always very scared to push a new release because I always think there's always people using it. What happens if I've broken something or worse? What happens if I find out that something has been broken for the past three years and all these citations are wrong? But anyway, that's for maintainers and nightmares. And if ever I'm slow to respond to you, if you've opened an issue or a poor request to multi-QC, this is my defence. We've had just over a thousand issues created on GitHub now for multi-QC. It's nearly 150 of them still open that need closing and there's been over 500 poor requests, so people contributing code and people's contributions account for the majority of tools supported now. So it's really a collaborative effort. I'm the gatekeeper and I hold all the keys, so it has to get past me to get into multi-QC, but most of the code is not written by me anymore. And again, there's always a long list of poor requests open because it takes me quite a long time to go through them. That sounds a lot. It is. I worked out how many days it's been since the first commit to the multi-QC repo and it works out about one issue every couple of days. So it's a lot to go through. So please be patient. Do my best. Right, that's the introduction. So you're happy with what multi-QC is. You've written an NFCore pipeline. Multi-QC is working, but what kind of tips and tricks can you do to really squeeze the most out of your multi-QC reports? An easy one to start with. All of this, everything I'm going to describe is in the documentation, by the way. So go to multi-QC.info and you'll find all of this and a lot more. I'm mostly just going to pick out a few things for you to kind of go and look up if it sounds interesting. But anyway, an easy one to start with is optimizing how fast multi-QC is to run. Generally, multi-QC runs within a few seconds for most things, but if you are running a lot of modules and if you've got large numbers of samples, it can start to take a few minutes or in extreme situations, up to an hour. So it can be nice to try and tune that optimization as much as possible. And there are a couple of things you can do very easily to do that. Firstly, I would recommend running multi-QC yourself with this extra command, profile runtime, and that will actually add an extra section to your reports where multi-QC kind of has an introspective look at itself and works out what it's been doing. In the log, it will tell you how long it took to run and how long it spent doing different things. So in this example here, you can see the vast majority of the times were spent looking through the different files it was given and trying to find which ones are relevant. And actually, then once it had that file list running the modules and generating the report was quite quick. And then within a multi-QC report, you get plots like this which tell you how fast or how slow different search patterns were within multi-QC. So multi-QC has a bunch of different ways to find relevant input files. The simplest is by a file name pattern. So if a tool always gives the same suffix for its output files, they're dead easy to find. So you can just kind of search through the file list and find them that way. But many, if not most, tools don't do this. And you can just call, it might just be a standard output log to a terminal or you can call your summary file whatever you want to see. So then multi-QC has to look within the file contents to find those files. And that can be a bit slow. And Picard here, you can see is one of the worst culprits often. It's got lots of different outputs it can find. So there's lots of different search patterns. And each one of these has to look through each one of your files to see if there are any matching strings. So here you can see, okay, what was run, what are the main culprits in terms of kind of slow searching and then you can know what to focus on. And then once you've kind of figured out what's actually taking time, what do you do about it? Firstly, especially within the context of writing a pipeline, it's very easy to tell multi-QC, okay, you're only going to get output from these different tools. Don't bother looking for a Picard output because I'm not willing Picard. So that speeds up things quite a bit. Then you can optimise those search patterns I mentioned. Firstly, lots of modules have sub-modules. So Picard is one tool that has about, I don't know, 15 different kind of sub-tools. And so you can disable search patterns for the stuff that you're not running. And also you can use file name patterns. So maybe the tool doesn't have a constant suffix, but maybe within the pipeline you do always have a predictable file name. So you can tell multi-QC to use that file name to find files instead and overwrite the default file name search pattern. And that can speed things up a bit. There's a section of a documentation I've linked to here which talks to all the same stuff. So go and have a look if that sounds interesting. Okay, that's kind of the boring stuff. That's just like optimisation. I had a quick look through a couple of NFCore pipelines to see what was frequently set within the multi-QC configs. And I've split up kind of a few common things which make sense. And then on the next slide I've got some stuff which I haven't seen so much of, which might be nice. So let's start off with the common stuff. One of the most frequent things that people want to do is change the default order of the different sections within a report. And so that's quite easy to do. You have a config file in the AML and you define this key top modules and you say, okay, these are the modules I'm most interested in in this order. And multi-QC will run those modules in your order you specify. It will still run everything else after that. So if you just want FASQC at the top, you just do top modules, FASQC and that will float to the top. If you want some more kind of nitty-gritty detail, you can specify the module order config which has a whole bunch of different subkeys. And this again you can use to order the modules. You can also use it to run a single module multiple times with a sub file name filter. So this is most commonly used for, for example, FASQC. If you're running FASQC twice before and after trimming, you can tell multi-QC to run the same module twice but only on its different subsets of files. And again you can also overwrite things like the title of the module and a bunch of other things in here. One of the most difficult things that multi-QC has to do is work out the name of each sample. There's no kind of idealized situation where we just magically know what your sample IDs, identifiers are. We have to kind of do our best guess. Usually that's by looking at either the file name of a log or kind of trying to find the input file name and basing it on that. But of course if you have FASQ or dot bam or whatever you have always different extensions then they look like different identifiers. So multi-QC tries to get rid of those kind of standardized extensions so that you end up with that core identifier and then everything lines up nicely across the different modules especially in that top table called general statistics. But it's generalized so we have to do our best and sometimes different pipelines have different extensions which are kind of added on. So if you see that happening especially in general stats that rows aren't lining up or you see duplicate samples which should be just one you can tell multi-QC what your custom extensions are in this config and clean them up so you get really nice clean short sample identifiers with no kind of additional cruft. Some people get really annoyed so multi-QC has to deal with massive numbers of samples. Everything like I say from like one or two samples up to thousands and tables get really unhelpful when they're super super long. You can no longer kind of summarize and take an overview view which is the whole point of multi-QC. So by default multi-QC when a table gets to I think 500 rows is the default something like that it will instead of doing a table generate what's called this B1 plot which is basically like a dot plot. If you find that really annoying you can push up that threshold at which that switch happens to effectively disable B1 plots and a few people have done that within NFCore pipelines. Right here's some stuff I didn't find which I thought might be nice to have so take note developers even if you think you already know everything there is to know about multi-QC. One of the things for multi-QC does by default at the top of every report it says when you run it and it shows the input files that you gave it so the directory where you told it to search profiles. Now for next row because analysis always runs within temporary work directories usually the place it runs is not really very interesting at all it's just going to be work and then some long kind of hash identifiers and so it might be nice just to turn that off and you can just set show analysis path to false and multi-QC will not print that at the top of the report. By default in the templates for NFCore template we have a report comments top saying this report was generated by this pipeline but you can also go further than that you can add comments to specific modules within your report and you can add as much or as little detail as you like here this is a great way of documenting the results of your custom pipeline. We have the documentation on NFCore website sure you can embed stuff within the report here so that when people are reading through you can say in this pipeline we're running this tool in this way and this is what you should look for more documentation it's always better so yeah let's see some section comments in there that'd be great. We don't really ever seem to customize the report logo I was thinking that would be something that's easy to do stick in the NFCore pipeline logo up at the top of the report if we wanted to and then yeah customizing plots themselves so multi-QC is going to be very extensible and very customizable and that extends to every single plot if you know that identifier for the plot that you're interested in you can tell multi-QC actually I want this to be the title actually I want the axes to be this axis labels you can customize pretty much every aspect of the plots even when they're coming from a built-in module so you can might be able to tweak certain things here and there to make them more understandable better suited to your outputs and on a similar line you can also customize the tables so maybe you have percent duplicates reported twice from two different tools and you're anyone's at once or something is not useful because of this or that you can tell multi-QC to ignore or hide certain columns within your tables which might be good. Something else which is used quite a lot within NFCore and actually has been a wildly successful kind of feature of multi-QC is the ability to inject custom report sections in without needing to write a module so without needing to write any Python code. This is called custom content and would typically be like output from pipeline scripts so maybe you've written a custom R script or Python script within your workflow so it's not like a general tool outside of the pipeline if it was it'd be better to write that as a multi-QC module so that everyone can benefit from it but it's just like a really specific niche thing then you can generate and you have control of the output so then you can insert that into the multi-QC report using custom content. It can be a config file or can be JSON it can be custom HTML it could be images if you want no I generally sort of dislike having images in multi-QC reports because they really bloat the HTML file size and so if you do images please make sure you don't have one per sample because quickly that will just crash the browser that tries to open the report and basically all you have to do is most of the time it's append to your file name underscore mqc.json or yaml or whatever the file format is and then as long as your file content next kind of roughly writes multi-QC or try and figure out what to do with it you can also configure lots of stuff so again you can tweak and make all the plot axes and titles exactly as you want different ways to do that with different file formats check the documentation and especially check this repo which has the test data which multi-QC uses custom content is difficult to document because you can do anything so how you can can't document everything but what I do have in this repository is lots of different examples that I've made over the time so you can kind of dig around and find different ways of doing things and model your your custom content on that right that was all for people developing pipelines what about if you're running an NFCore pipeline what can you do to tweak your own personal multi-QC reports separate from the rest of the NFCore pipeline community um basically all the NFCore pipelines because it comes in the template has a parameter for the pipeline called multi-QC config and using that you can give a custom yaml file and it's important to say that this is additional to the config which ships with the pipeline so the pipeline might be doing its own configuration stuff and then you can add your own config on top of that they work together so you can do stuff like conditional formatting for example there's something we use at NGI so in your house if you're running a same pipeline for the same data type you might say samples fail if they have under 80 alignment and I want to flag those so that they stand out nicely with red and maybe warn stuff which is between 80 and 90 alignment that easy to do any table in multi-QC report you can have these conditional formatting rules and you just set up get the identifier for that column and set up the different rules you can add project level information so if you are generating multi-QC reports from a limbs for example well or you have your own custom analysis you might want to say okay this project was called this and you might want to add some comments about what exactly it was you did or even put in different kind of custom sample names which are different to the identifiers that multi-QC finds I'll show an example of this in a second and then you can also kind of style the report so you can put in a custom load go as I mentioned earlier so you want to have like your institute logo in the corner multi-QC report no problem you can actually now as of last release just have a custom CSS file so if you know a little bit of web development you can style stuff completely differently and have different background colors and you know just hack on the default template for multi-QC quite easily with a little bit of additional CSS and if you want to take another step further you can actually develop your own entire template and supply that to multi-QC so different ginger template and really change what goes into the report and how it's rendered so a quick example of some customization this is an example report which you can actually see on the multi-QC website if you go to the top menu under examples it's the one that's the the NGI one and this is a pretty close it's taken from the reports we generate generate outside life lab at the NGI where I work and these are some of the things that we've done in our config to add additional information into the report which is useful for our users and this happens again on top of the end of core pipelines so the most obvious one is we add a title in this case we have a project identifiers and a nice title and that's done with the config attribute title we have a subtitle under there with a little bit more information this in our case is I've removed removed identifying information here but this would normally be we have like a project title where the PI has said this is what the project is about and here we have a report comment which is similar but just longer format slightly different styling and here actually it's this comes from the enter actually pre and of course this example is pretty old but it comes from that the the next row pipeline has added this but you could customize this to be whatever you want with reports comments we've put in a logo and also with that logo there's a URL and a title so if you hover over it it says the title and if you click it it will take you to the custom URL which in this case is the homepage and we've got this little panel here of custom information which called reports header info and this can be any kind of key value pairs you want so this ties in really well with a limbs or something if you have custom like report level information that you want to show just to some summary information you might also notice there's a couple of extra buttons up at the top here and that has been done with something called minus minus sample names where you give it lgqc just like a tab separated file with all your expected sample identifiers and then alternative sample names and the column headers then form buttons at the top and if I click in this case user supplied names it's something custom I've labeled it then you see all the sample names down there switch so we by default have a nj identifiers which is what's useful for us but then our end users might not really know what that is they can click that button and see all the sample names that they supplied to us really quickly really easily and all that does is just pre-populate the multi qc toolbox really quickly with lots of different sample matches that easy to do can be very very helpful and then of course if you really want to this is an example of kind of going to town with customizing your report output just to give you a flavor for what's possible if you really really go for it this is a little Easter egg in multi qc so see if you can figure that out with minus minus template okay um I won't be too much longer I'm running over a bit sorry looking to the future a couple of things to look forward to with multi qc um you might those of you have heard me talk before might recognize some of these slides here most of this stuff has been planned for multi qc since about 2018 or 19 which by coincidence is around the time that another one of my project started um kind of taking off and that one's called NF core and sucked up some of my time anyway this is stuff which is being actively worked on and will happen and this is stuff I'm kind of excited about to kick us off is um basically refactoring the code base so that it works more as a python library rather than purely a command line tool um and so now if you want to if you're using like dupeter notebooks or custom python scripts you can import multi qc and you can run it on a like this like in a kind of programmatic way on a folder and it will generate a report what you can't do yet is kind of what I want to be able to do is is kind of generate a multi qc report object and then pull out specific stats and specific plots kind of on demand and that kind of use over that internal functionality that's there at the moment that's a bit tricky um but I'm hoping to to get there soon so it'll be a really useful interactive or kind of script based analysis tool as well as a command line tool and then the other big one is is mega qc which is my my poor forgotten child that has been a bit abandoned but despite my best efforts to ignore it is being picked up by by others in the community and is being actively developed by a small but slowly growing kind of core of end users across the world and michael minton in the states is probably one of the key contributors and also core um silly norvernan in uh norway um anyway mega qc what does it do uh when you run multi qc you get kind of one report object and that's kind of frozen in time so you've got the samples you run it on in your project and that's it but many people are running in a facility like doing clinical work or whatever you're running multi qc the whole time hundreds of times a day and you're generating this kind of longitudinal data and you want to track things across projects and you can't do that in multi qc alone but this is a companion tool mega qc which is like a regular running web server tool and multi qc when you run it can spit the results to this this tool as a jason file over an api and all that is then stored in a database for you to interactively query view and plot um this is quite an old uh demo i did for a talk a while ago but this shows pulling plots which i've set up in mega qc and saved as favorites and it has an interactive tool for generating dashboards so this is really cool like you want to have a tv up in your your lab or something showing showing statuses so you can keep a track on whether whether the trend lines are working properly or whatever you can kind of really quickly drag and drop your a quick dashboard together with your favorite plots and whip it up so that saves and then you have like a static not so it's an html web page which you can then load and play around with so it's kind of you can see the different types of plots here we've got single values plotted against one of the bar graphs distribution source so you can really get the most out of all the multi qc data which is being found in your samples uh and visualizes it interrogate it and that is sort of ready to go now but it's still being actively worked on in a big way right with that i'll wrap up and happy to take any questions uh check out the multi qc website like i say all of this was documented uh so have a read through there see if you can find anything new uh all the code bases open on on github and there's a get a chat for multi qc which is a good way to kind of get my attention for quick questions uh i'm happy to list on there thanks very much for listening thanks a lot phil for this uh introduction to multi qc and showing also advanced advanced tools and characteristics of multi qc i'm sure we all learned something today um we have we do have one question in the chat um so they were wondering if we like they were wondering more about this example that you showed on quickly changing sample names what what what kind of like configs or files would we need to generate to actually change the sample names right um so you can do it a couple of ways or this is off the top of my head uh i think you can do it in multi qc config but the way that i would recommend doing it is with this option is like minus minus sample names when you run multi qc uh and like i said tab separated files that are the first column should be over identifiers which multi qc itself is finding so you know in this case you know we run with the limbs so we know when you run multi qc these are the samples we expect in this project so we know those identifiers and then in the next column along you have the equivalent names on the same row and each column will get its own button along the top um which will then sort of be able to to switch through um thinking about it now this might be slightly difficult to do within nf core pipelines because this is an additional file and flag uh to to provide to to the multi qc module and so you might need to look into doing that within the yaml file within the config file which you can give to multi qc and i'm pretty sure you can do it but i would have to check to be certain if you can't then maybe let us know and we can look at um either putting that into the nf core module or or i can look into whether it's possible to do with a multi qc config file. Thanks a lot we have also another question by Moritz um any recommendations for large next flow pipelines at multi qc uh usually we use that collect um to to make and mix everything and pass it to multi qc but however this can sometimes crash with many samples. Yeah yeah the way the next way works has always been sort of a bit ugly really for multi qc um because next flow is very explicit about your files and you need to kind of stage them as inputs and everything uh whereas multi qc kind of works really nicely when you're running it interactively and you just have a folder and you just run multi qc but with next flow you need to you need to be really explicit about staging those inputs um so the short answer is no i don't have anything better than that i'm afraid um because you need to stage them um i've talked to parallel about this kind of various times over the years and uh we've kind of discussed ways to make it easier but not really ever come up with anything better um multi qc itself if you want to give explicit file names and there's very many of them people have run into problems with like vc bio and with galaxy and stuff with this where the command line gets so ridiculously long that it crashes kind of bash or whatever environment that's running in that case you can put all the file names into a single text file and then do minus minus file names text file and it will go through all of those but that still doesn't really help with next flow because you need to still stage those files as inputs so you have to declare them as inputs um yeah sorry that's the best i've got right so in that case it's not possible to just pass the whole folder um you probably can do that yeah um i'm mostly thinking about yeah no it's a good point so i'm mostly thinking about lots of different processes because you need to stage each one of those process outputs in but you're right if you have lots of different files then um you can certainly just stick them in a directory and pass that one directory as long as it gets staged as an input multi qc command is dead easy just do multi qc dot because it you're working within that isolated work directory so that should work fine yeah so we should explore this for nfgo pipelines then um okay if you have any other questions you can also go ahead and unmute yourselves i've just um given rights for that in the chat so far we don't have any other questions what we slides up on sorry how long did it take you to make the 90s mode of multi qc i did that back in the early days when i had lots of free time still um actually less time than you would expect uh because the the default template is rendered with um bootstrap css framework and someone else had already made a bootstrap theme uh using all the right class names and everything called called ga for geocities um if you're old enough to know what geocities is um so i kind of hijacked that and then just added on a bit of extra flair on top so it actually wasn't too bad and it's it's kind of nice i i do like sticking easter eggs into into software tools a bit of mc ham and everything is a mess okay yeah what i was going to say is i'll i'll put slides up as a pdf onto the slack channel on the bite size slack channel yeah perfect seems like there's no other questions so thanks again illan as you mentioned the slides will be uploaded and the talk available also uh and we can continue any further questions on slack thanks a lot everybody so much


Hey guys! For today's video, I'm going to be testing two very exciting makeup launches to me. The first one is going to be the Natasha Denona Hygiene Primer Serum thing. And then, these have been through it, okay? These are the Charlotte Tilbury Beautiful Skin Sun Kissed Glow Bronzers. It's Charlotte's new cream bronzers. Dang, these took a long time to get to me. I promised you guys I was gonna get a review up. I just didn't know it would take this long. I know there's a lot of craziness going on in the mailing world right now, so I'm not gonna complain. But I got very jealous of seeing everybody else getting theirs. But they finally made it to Florida. Okay, let's get started! So, we have a primer slash serum, so that's what we're doing. That's why we're starting Bareface. This is the Natasha Denona Hygiene Skin Glass Energizing and Hydrating Primer Serum. Normally, this isn't the type of product that I would buy from Natasha Denona, but it kind of looked really interesting to me, so I did end up picking it up. So you can actually get this right now at Sephora and the Natasha Denona website. And it was in stores in my local Sephora today, so that's awesome if you just want to pick it up. I ordered this from the Natasha Denona website. Kind of regret it because their shipping's kind of expensive, and then I also saw it in Sephora today, and that would have been no money, but it's just how it turned out. This is described as a glass serum rich in antioxidants that act as a primer to hydrate the skin. It's supposed to be for all skin types. I want you to take a look at the box. I don't know. It'll kind of tell you some more facts about the skincare benefits. It's vegan, all of that. I'm not a skincare expert, so I'm not going to act like I know anything about the ingredients, or yeah, I don't know anything about this. I'm not a skincare person. I just liked the way that this looked in the marketing. But if we look at the highlighted ingredients, it says one ingredient is going to reduce shiny appearance of the T-zone and balance sebum of the skin, and then another is supposed to restore skin's capacity to retain water and protects from evaporation and dryness. Will it make my skin feel good? That's what I'm curious about. So here's what the bottle looks like. It looks really lux. I love the frosted glass. I love how they have the label kind of on the side here. I think that's cute. There's only one part of it that doesn't have the label, and it's not a sticker. It's like actually part of the packaging, which is, oh, that's very, very lux. And then you have the dropper. This is made in Italy, and it has 20 milliliters of product if you needed to know. So it does shake before use. So that's what we're going to do. $46. I hope that this is good. It's supposed to be good for anti-aging and dryness. So let's see. Let me swatch it on my hand first. Oh, wow. Yeah, that gives a really radiant finish. Okay, let's test that on our skin now. That felt really nice. I don't know how much to apply. Yeah, this is definitely more so, I feel like a makeup primer rather than just skin care, because that glitter is really, really strong. I suppose it kind of blends in, but you can see the glimmers in here. It's going into the skin really nice and quickly. Huh, it's not as hydrating as I thought it would feel. I thought it would just feel like an intensely hydrating serum, but I feel like it almost dried down really, really quickly. It did leave me with a really pretty glowy look to it. I'm going to apply just a little more, but be careful if you have fine lines and wrinkles, because I feel like the finish of this, it has some reflect in there, which I think can be slightly unflattering on fine lines. I don't know if you can see right here where my forehead scrunch is. Like that's emphasizing that. I think it's going to be fine under foundation, but I don't think this is something that I just put on and leave with. It's not that bad. It's only when I look really close, but this is just different than I was expecting. I mean, there's not going to be too much to report about this product. It's going to take a few more wears with a few different foundations, but I would say it did make my skin hydrated, but nothing intensely hydrating like I would expect to serum to. But again, I'm not a skincare expert, and it does have a great amount of shine to it, which I think is going to be very pretty under foundation. So let's put a foundation on. I'm preparing to do a face review of Rare Beauties line. So I'm going to use the Rare Beauty foundation. It's not my favorite. I think it's a little overrated, but should be good for this review, because it kind of has like a medium coverage. So I want to see how the serum looks underneath. I never in my life thought I would be a foundation brush person to blend out my foundation, but here I am. It's all I've been using lately. I've really been enjoying using a brush. It's the oddest thing. Yeah, I can see a little bit of that glow from the primer underneath showing through. So if you like that glass like glow, I do like the Natasha Denona. Now, can somebody who knows about ingredients let me know if the ingredients in it are actually good or anything special to warrant the price? Because if I'm thinking about it in terms of just a makeup primer, I do like it. I think it's nice, but it's also $46. So I just don't know if it's worth it or not. But I think it did a good job of hydrating my skin, but not too intensely. But I do feel like I would need to go in with a moisturizer first and then use the serum and then put my foundation on. Oh, it doesn't act alone. I would want to pair it with a moisturizer with my dry skin, but it seems like a really good glowy primer. I do like it. But again, I don't know if it's worth it. There's a lot of really good glowy primers. Like now that I have rare beauty on my mind, the rare beauty glowy primer kind of does a similar job that the Natasha Denona does. But the Natasha Denona feels quite lux. So I'll keep you guys updated on that. Okay, I'm going to do the rest of my makeup and we'll be back to play with the real exciting thing for this review. But do the rest of my makeup. I just meant eyebrows and concealer. That's how I did. Because we have cream bronzers, so I wanted to be powder free for this. I'm really, really excited to finally have the new sun-kissed glow cream bronzers in my hand. Like I said, shipping took a little bit. But it's fine. She's here. So I ordered two colors, the lightest shade and the medium shade. They are currently available on the Charlotte Tilbury website and they just came out on Sephora as well. Though I did notice at the current moment, number one fair is already out of stock. So maybe there is a little bit of urgency to this review. I don't know. So this is the box that it comes in. Super cute, very Charlotte Tilbury. Lots of words. Like a lot of words. But okay. And then back again. We're very, very wordy back here. Let's see. Where is this product made in? Made in Italy. 24 month shelf life. Ooh, I love to see that. That's good for a cream bronzer. Not that I listen to it, but you know. Makes me feel better. So here's the packaging. This is a pretty big pan right here. There is 21 grams of product. And then here is the back. I actually like the sticker. I like how it goes with the theme. And then let's open her up.  And here is the beautiful untouched bronzer. This is the shade number one of fair. Let me compare the size. Here is the powder bronzer. The powder bronzer is slightly larger, just slightly than the cream bronzer. In size. Something about the powder bronzer feels a little bit more lux to me, but I'm just being too picky. Let's open up the medium. I'm never too sure what shades to get in bronzers because sometimes I like a light bronzer and sometimes I like a really bronzy bronzer. I was indecisive in color choice. Dang, that looks dark. Okay, I see why number one is sold out because too medium is high in my work. For me, I'll just be really bronzy. So here's the difference between one and two. And I always like how the fairest color tends to be a little bit cooler as well. So I like that multiple shades. Anyways, let's touch it. Okay, here we go. I don't... Ooh, that's weird. It feels kind of like a souffle. I don't... It's not super creamy? Or what's the other word I'm looking for? I don't know. It looks very matte, not dry, but it's like a powder, soft, powdery kind of look to it. So that's light. And then here's medium. Ooh, I love how it feels. It feels so cool. These are two very different shades. This is gonna be interesting. So we're definitely gonna contour my nose with the first shade. Let's go in. Let's see how they look. By the way, I am totally getting ahead of myself. These bronzers are $56 each. That's very pricey. That's a lot of money. So this better be good in order to justify that. There are four shades in this line. And cruelty-free, best for dry combo and normal skin. Okay, Charlotte said a big FU to oily skinners. I'm just kidding. But it's a cream bronzer, that's why. Long wearing hyaluronic acid, 16 hour wear cream bronzer, and a sweat proof. I might have to go on a walk today. Let's do a couple of different application methods. I'm gonna first use the BK Beauty 106 brush, one of my favorite bronzing brushes. And let's see. It's so weird. So this one on my skin tone, which is more of like a light medium skin tone, is definitely cooler. So for me, this is gonna be most more like a contour shade. Okay, by the looks of it, I thought that this was gonna be my favorite shade, but I actually think it might be a little bit too cool and light for my skin tone. Unless I'm wearing like, you know how sometimes you wear a foundation, even though it's not your color and it's too light for you? If I'm wearing that kind of foundation that's too light on me, this would be better. The spread was pretty nice, I think. It wasn't like in a mulliant, smooth, creamy kind of spread, which gives me joy. But they do claim this is long wear, so I can see the fact that this wasn't a super creamy application or like too greasy or oily, being because this is supposed to last longer. And it wasn't a bad application either. I'm not complaining. I kind of like the texture in theory that it's going to last longer. Okay, let's try medium now. And let's use a sponge. I like both methods of application. I think it applies well with both a sponge and a brush. So medium is my shade. This is a shade I prefer because it really does actually bronze my skin. If I'm looking for a cream bronzer, this is what I'm going for. It looked like, look at that. That looks like it would be too dark for me, but it definitely applies a little bit lighter, I feel like. I think it looks really, really nice and smooth. Take a look up close. It didn't disrupt anything underneath. I think this color is beautiful on me. Okay, I'm going to use a brush now on this side. Brush and sponge both do a good job. I don't think you can go wrong either way. I think I got a little bit more oomph from the color, but you're kind of twirling my sponge in though, but you might want that control with a brush. Ooh, I like this. This is nice. Let me use the light shade now. And I'm going to contour down my nose. So to contour, get it on my ring finger. Put it on the other ring finger. Go straight down the nose. So you can see there is definitely still a use for the fair shade on me. I think that this is a really great natural contour shade. It's not too literal of a gray, so it still looks very natural in the daytime, just in everyday life, you know? When you want to use a really gray contour, is in more editorial photography situations, but if you're just going out and seeing people, you don't want to be quite so literal with that really gray cool-toned highlight. So this is a really, really great natural contour for me. I think fair girls, you will really like the fair. And a lot of times, Charlotte Tilbury does run a little bit dark, I feel like, especially with the medium, but I think the medium is a really beautiful shade on me. And I really like the way that this is sitting. It's definitely a drier formulation compared to a lot of my other favorite cream bronzers, comparing it to the feeling of my other cream bronzers. They're more slick and, dare I say, oily and greasy feeling. Not a bad thing. Just the best way to describe the differences in products, where this is more like mushy and mousse-y, soufflé-y. Do you catch what I'm trying to say about the bronzer and the texture of this? But I think that's really great because I do tend to find that bronzers like these tend to last a little bit longer. It's just a matter of how dry do they look on the skin. And I know Charlotte did not say this was for oily skin, but if you have oily skin and you want to use a cream bronzer, I'm going to test to see the wear today. But typically bronzers that have consistency like this will do well or better on oily skin. I've been loving the Psy bronzer recently, but that one is a little bit more greasy feeling. See how the colors compare now to the powder bronzers because I do have the fair and medium in powder. So let's see. Just color-wise, hopefully this helps you out. So here is the fair cream bronzer. And here is the fair powder bronzer. The powder bronzer looks a lot lighter, which by the way, I do love the fair powder bronzer. I use it more often than the medium. So let's swatch them next to each other. Oh, those are so different. This is the fair cream bronzer, and I can't even see the fair powder bronzer. Huh, but I still like the fair bronzer on my face, but those aren't nothing I like. Okay, and then let's go into the medium. Cream bronzer, powder bronzer. These definitely look a little bit more similar, but it seems like the powder bronzers actually run a little bit lighter than the cream bronzers. But I think the cream bronzers are also less pigmented because with this shade, I get a lot of pigment. And I feel like they run darker on the skin, you know. That fair looks awfully fair, but it does show up as a nice deepening shade on me. These are a little closer, but again, this one kind of looks more like the fair, right? So those are the color differences if that helps you out. Okay, I'm going to set one side with the fair powder bronzer to see if that makes a difference. I'll do this side. I'm going to finish the rest of my makeup, and I'll be right back. So here's the final makeup look. I did kind of just an everyday bronze. If you've been tuned in to the videos I've been posting, I played with the Colourpop Getting Fresh palette again. I wasn't super impressed with it the first time that I used it. But today I played with some more neutral tones as opposed to the greens, and it was a solid experience today. So I used this shade all over the lid. This isn't one of the really powdery shadows, so it applied great. So you can definitely get some awesome looks with this palette. Still is a good value. Them greens was not good, but anyway. Not what this video was about at all. So the Natasha Denona Hygiene Skin Primer, I'm happy I didn't end up doing a full dedicated review on this because honestly I just don't feel comfortable giving you a final thought on this product yet. I need to definitely continue playing with it and let you know over time how it does and with different products. Before I do like it, I just don't know if it's going to end up being worth the price point at the end of it all, but I love the packaging. And she said this is the first item in this line, so I am going to assume she's going to come out with more. And I hope the packaging continues to be like this. So I like it, but I definitely need to continue playing with it. The skin stuff like that is always a little bit trickier. Now the bronzers, I feel confident enough to say I really, really like this. I have high hopes for the wear type. Unless the wear time ends up like being poopy, which I don't think it will. I really like this. Do I think it's worth it? Because I'm a Charlotte Tilbury stan, like yeah, kind of. I'm not going to lie. I think it applied really beautifully. I think just by the feeling of the texture and my experiences with different products, I think that this is going to wear beautifully. I think the color is really beautiful. It's a different type of cream bronzer than what I typically use or typically prefer, but I think it's for the better honestly. So yes, it is pricey.  I just uploaded a video talking about affordable makeup that's just as good as high end. I have some great options for you there. But if you really like Charlotte Tilbury and it's within budget for you, I think that these are really phenomenal. I'm going to continue wearing the bronzers for the rest of the day. I will give you guys an update in the notes about how I feel about the wear time on this, but I just, I think it's going to be good. I really, really do like this bronzer. The colors, it's a big jump between one and two. One is quite cool and quite light. The medium one does look intimidating, but I will say I think they really did pull lighter on the skin. Like I think the medium looks really fabulous on my light medium skin. So if you've tried either the Natasha Denona product or the Charlotte Tilbury product, let me know down below your thoughts. So far, I give everything a solid two thumbs up. Thank you guys so much for watching this video and being subscribed to my channel. As you guys know, I always do makeup updates video. So in the next couple of weeks, these will probably be in that makeup updates video to let you know what's up with it. I hope you guys enjoyed this video. I'm found it helpful. Thank you so much for liking this and being subscribed to my channel. And I will catch you guys in the next one. Bye, guys. Have a good one.


This is why you don't need to defend yourself when people wrongfully question your calling. Certain Levites had become jealous of the authority God had given to Aaron and Moses and then challenged them. Korah, who was among those who attempted to incite a rebellion, said, What right do you have to act as though you are greater than the rest of the Lord's people? To prove he was with Aaron, the Lord instructed Moses to have the leader of each tribe write their names on their own rods and then leave their rods in the presence of the Lord. Overnight the Lord had caused buds to sprout only on Aaron's rod. In this way the Lord miraculously validated Aaron. God's validation can't be explained away.  Just trust the Lord to validate his own work in your life. Let your character and calling speak for themselves.