Welcome to the drum history podcast. I'm your host Bart van der Zee and today I am joined by Klaus Hessler Klaus. How are you? Hey, all fine here. Thanks so much. You're great to be on the show. Yeah, awesome I'm honored to have you here. We're we're here today to talk about molar and then Jim Chapin and your lessons with him and then we're gonna get into some more rudimental stuff Which you're very famous for And and all that good stuff. So we are it's it's about four in the afternoon for me But it's it's about 10 p.m. For you.  So don't worry too much. Okay. All right. Well, I just want to make sure you get to bed on time Awesome. All right. Well Can you please just run me through what is the molar technique and then we'll go through him as a person But just maybe what what is the technique? Yeah, I mean mostly I in a nutshell. I would say molar technique is Is a method of movement I should say which goes back to European Drumming traditions that can be traced back even I would say easily to the 1400s and I Mean of course at a certain point those European drumming traditions Which are mostly rooted in Switzerland and France and certain parts of Germany. They have been exported to the New World which later became the US as we all know and It turned to be the molar technique after the influence and anything happening around the area of the era of the Revolutionary War then the Civil War and it really became the molar technique after Sanford molar had watched and analyzed veterans of the US Army Somewhere by the mid 1920s and it was It was actually not molar who gave his name to the technique It was more or less his students that would say I am practicing the technique of Sanford molar or I'm using molar's System or I'm using the technique of Sanford molar and eventually it became molar Technique but it was not Sanford molar himself who would say this is now my technique He was very much aware of the aspect that he had just pretty much Stolen let's say sure and adapted this technique by watching veterans that had served in the army and played Field drums In the Civil War that's pretty much the the story about it. Yeah. No, that's interesting Yeah, Dom Femularo was on the show a fellow Maypex drummer and he He spoke a little bit about that about how you watch these guys who were 90 years old getting such huge hits and you know such great volume and they're They're so just I mean these are great Civil War veterans, you know, and they're still able to get that much power So and I know also with the Stone George Laurence stone stone stuff. It was similar where he didn't sit down and write stick control per se They just put together a lot of his pages So I think that makes sense that someone else gives you the name the molar technique. You can't say This is I'm molar and this is my technique Makes sense. Yeah, although at times people do things like that But yeah, but I mean it's it's really hard to come up with something which is actually absolutely new under the sun And especially with an instrument which is as old as the drums almost Anything you can think of has been done before By one or the other person. So yeah, so it's really hard to say this This is my thing and it has not been done before. Yeah, very true. That's true and pretty much everything in life. It's like All right, now why don't we talk about Sanford molar is a person You were mentioning before we were recording. He goes his family goes back to Germany, which I should have mentioned before but you're obviously German you are in Germany, correct. Yeah, right, correct. So yeah, tell us about him as a person well, I mean Sanford molar as and what I'm telling you now is is pretty much based on what on what I learned from Jim about Sanford molar and a couple of things I read about Sanford more and I was Sort of diving more into the issue I think Sanford molar was a relatively late starter on the drums So he went to the army. He fought in the Spanish-American war I think and and started drumming relatively late and So he was under the influence and under the teachings of a couple of drummers that that would that would play in in the in the band of John Philip Sousa, for instance and Well, then molar pretty much was was the drummer in in a vaudeville act By Famous George Kohan No, I'm not aware of or did you ever hear about George Kohan or yeah, Dom mentioned him on the on his episode And I just remember him saying that he was basically the father of like modern Broadway as we know it You that's pretty much of what it is. I guess I mean the the vaudeville scene is sure Say something like somebody's telling a joke and and and there's some little acting and some music and some dancing And then in the end everybody performs together and that's pretty much it so So George Kohan had this vaudeville act and and Sanford molar was one of the drummers And the story also goes that for instance, buddy rich was one Of the attractions actually in George Kohan's Vaudeville show So it's very likely that that buddy rich as a young kid was listening and possibly even watching Sanford molar in the pit So who knows what what that connection was responsible for. Yeah, just saying yeah, of course And it was pretty much during his time with George M. Kohan and the and the traveling all across mostly the east coast of the US that that Sanford molar would Would visit veterans in their homes and he would always have something to drink and and and and tobacco and he would he would talk to the to the veterans and And he would have them play drums for him their field drums And of course what they did was they would pretty much duplicate certain routines that they used to perform during their Their service in the in the US Army So they would play the three camps and the downfall of Paris they would play the tunes and the orders and the and the drum beatings that they were aware of and I I would assume they were not playing exercises like Jim Chapin later made them famous. I assumed they were mostly playing tunes and out of playing These say rudimentary classics like Dixie and the downfall of Paris and Turkey in the straw and British Grenadiers and and anything that that you had to play when you were a drummer in the army molar pretty much watched and analyzed their movements and he came up with the idea of say Discovering the upstroke. He discovered a stroke in which the wrist would Indicate the direction of the move. So so when Mola was referring to an upstroke He would not refer to the tip of the stick he would refer to the to the direction that the hand would travel at the time of the hit and It was always super important for them to have the stick in some sort of constant movement So so these guys back then they most likely had a very different perception of playing as opposed to What we see when we see? modern contemporary rudimental guys perform So so the the moving culture I would even say and and the method of movement was quite different and He analyzed that further with the whip and the upstroke and the fly back Which was nothing else than a different word for rebound and and all of these ingredients finally came to to make Mola technique in in essence, I'd say Wow. It's so neat to think of like it feels the civil war obviously here in America feels like It is a long time ago, but just to think that you're only a Couple generations away from people being alive and learning from those people just to sit there and watch these guys play What was his era that he was in like when when would he have been born and his you know, when did he die Mola? Mola was born. I think 8079 if I'm not mistaken, okay, and I think he died in the 1960s 61 or 62 I think okay I am I may be wrong For a couple of years, but that's pretty much from 1880s to 1960s. I think Mola was 1879 to 61 62 something like that. Okay, and it was pretty much the same era as as of George Lauren Stone who lived around the same time and It also was about the same time that that very influential Swiss drummers and educators were Were alive working like like the late great dr. Fritz Berger who was one of Say the most influential Swiss drumming guys. Sure. Yeah, I learned a little bit about the The world of Swiss drummers when Mark Beecher was on the show great rudimental drummer Yep about learning about the Swiss army and all that cool stuff So that's neat. Now, obviously you are a very close student with Jim Chapin. So Why don't we kind of an in a parallel fashion? maybe talk about Mola and then his his students, right, which Might be a naive thing to say but so Chapin was a direct student of Mola, correct Yes, that's that's correct It should also be mentioned that that Jim was a relatively late student of of Sanford Mola and And I'm mentioning that because there are quite some differences between The early students of or relatively early students of Sanford Mola like for instance say Gene Krupa Whose method of movement is quite different from what from what Chapin used to do But but Mola was always heavily into teaching and he was he seemed to be a very strict teacher and He must have been a tough a tough cookie. I should say and I mean, it wasn't just it wasn't just the teaching that that Mola was was absorbed with he also built drums and The story goes he would only sell you a drum If you would play for him and if Mola would think you're no good, he would not sell you the drum Oh, man from a today's perspective and and and aspect of marketing Possibly not that smart, but who knows what it was good for. No, man. He must have had a ton of students Obviously, but these guys who their name lives on for you know Like the next hundred years you must have a you must spread your name and your lessons a lot over the years Yeah, and and I mean Mola he he he must have been a very strict guy I mean you possibly heard about the the famous March to Boston where he he marched from from Say around 240 miles I mean, obviously not in one go But every step on the on the March he was playing the drums Oh, wow as he was sort of under the impression that drumming should be an Olympic discipline He wanted to be drumming Olympic man. No kidding. Yeah. No, I had heard that that's wild And just as as another side note was that I think Mola was also a member of the polar bear club Which included the aspect of him say Swimming swimming in the ice water in winter you would break the ice and jump in and Swim a couple of rounds or dive under the ice and then go out again And he would do that every day every winter. So I mean to do that That tells a lot about your your discipline and and the way you are as a person Yeah, big time Now I forgot that I knew I'd heard it on a couple episodes But I forgot that Jean Krupa was a student of Mola which is which is funny because Jean is known as just being like the nicest guy in the world Jean you're right. He doesn't have the same technique that you see with the later guys, but Isn't there some connection with Jean Krupa and Jim Chapin as well? Yes, sure it is and I should say that the connection First of all the difference between between the movements of Jean and the movements of Jim was mostly that as I mentioned before Jean was a relatively early student of Mola and and he was and that was at the time when Mola was heavily under the Over-exaggerated upstroke spell I should say and all his later students like Jim for instance Mola would be very strict about not over exaggerating the upstroke and not drooping your wrists and stick too much and The connection with or the connection between Jean and Jim pretty much goes back to to Jim watching Benny Goodman in Manhattan and Going going to a gig with with Benny Goodman I think it was and and Jean would just go backstage and And ask Jean for lessons Now you must understand that it's pretty much the same as if you would go to To a stingig and you're trying to go backstage and ask Vinny for a lesson This is not happening. This is not an option, right? No exactly, but but Jim actually did that so So Jean being that kind person that he was he would say kid I don't teach but I know a good teacher go to Sanford Mola. He's gonna teach you what I can do and And and that was in essence what what Jim really did. So not that much later Jim finds himself performing Pretty much on almost the same bandstand as Jean Krupa, right opposite and And Jean would listen to Jim and say boy, I remember you you're the kid You were asking me for lessons and so you went to Mola and obviously Mola told you something different as opposed to what he showed me and So that was their first encounter then again and then a couple of years later still Jean was was was calling Jim for lessons and then in turn Jim became the teacher of Jean Krupa. So so the so the places had changed which which is some Funny twist of of faith. Yeah It is but they're both such they both come off as very nice guys where it wouldn't be like I'm not gonna take lessons from you I'm your superior. It would be more of like a oh boy. I can actually learn from you. Cool. Let's do it You know good for you for working Interesting. Hmm Now two questions. I'm gonna probably just jump in as things kind of pop into my mind here I don't think I asked this before where was Mola located? Was it in the New York area? It I think it was New York era, right? Okay, they all guys like me and Cincinnati.  Yeah, I think Mola was relatively well known for the aspect of Throwing students out once he was under the impression that he he was not able to show them anymore. So I think Jim's time with Sanford Mola was around a year. Okay it it wasn't that much more and That's that's at least what what Jim told me and I would think it It may have been pretty much the same with Krupa, although I don't know for sure. Okay Man, that's just everything about him like like when I um, I taught at like Sam Ash big music store here and stuff in through college and I was like Gripping on to every student for the income like no, no, let's keep learning Whereas Mola's like I'm not gonna sell you a drum. You're done. We'll taking lessons So he must have been doing okay on money there and not had to I guess it was a different different time Yeah, it was a very different perception of of learning and methodology as we have it today and parts of it we're possibly pretty cool and and and Could even be maintained still today what other parts of it, of course May need an update sure that that is that is for sure but I also remember times when when I was when I was asking Jim about his his experiences in In lessons with with Mola and and he really came up with with quite some some funny things like I Remember one time I was asking Jim Boy Jim, do you still remember what was your first lesson like with with Mola and and Jim said yes, sure first lesson Jim had bought Mola's book the art of snare drum And and he goes to the lesson and says good day, Mr. Mola. Yeah Listen, I bought your book. Here's your book and and Mola says oh Jim I wish you had I wish you hadn't bought the book the book is no good The book is all wrong and he and he said that with I mean it sounded very disappointed almost Yeah, and and and I would ask Come on. Why was that? I mean here's the person who wrote the book, but but the author is saying My own book is not good. So so why is that and and it turned that that Mola was not happy at all with the pictures in the beginning section that showed the movements of the whip because the the movements were so Over-exaggerated and he was not happy with that. So Okay, I think you can talk to the to the guys at Ludwig and then they would say Now listen, the book sells quite well and it was awful. It was an awful amount of work to put the pictures together We just leave it as it is and and the book is still in the very same shape today Well, what how do you think the pictures represent it as a you know, kind of a master of this method Do you think they're they're crazy out of line? I mean, they are interesting since they pretty much describe the the over exaggeration of the upstroke that that Mola was was under in his beginning years when he was Starting to put word out about his his technique But from a today's standpoint, I would say The pictures are possibly not good because they really don't represent the way of how the technique Would be used in the best possible way and Jim was not referring at all To these pictures in his strategy of teaching Mola's technique. Gotcha Interesting, you know, and it's just a side note that maybe it's a future episode with someone from Ludwig But it's it's it's neat how Ludwig was so involved with the publishing of a lot of these really early books Like I think stick control originally was thanks to Ludwig and stuff so Now let's talk a little bit more about Jim Chapin.  He was a working drummer, correct? He wasn't just a Not that there's anything wrong with it, but like a life-long teacher like he was a performer, right? Yes, true Okay. Now Jim, when did he pass away? He's he's a very legendary guy, but I don't know when he passed away Yeah, Jim Jim was born July 23 1919 and and he passed away July 4 2009.  So I mean what one of the one of the guys absolutely who saw the evolution of modern drum set and giving heavy footprints in that history of how the instrument came together and and how certain say parts of it were even Invented. I mean the the instrument was not the same when Jim started out to play as As compared compared to the days when when he finally passed away. It was a totally different instrument. Mm-hmm. So so he was really born into very exciting times and And the interesting thing still about his death day 4th of 4th of July Obviously is that that Jim was a big fan of of independence Which is why he wrote his first book which was heavily on I mean Came together under the spell of what he did with molar but so the father of modern drumming independence dies on Independence Day and And Jim once mentioned that if if he could pick his death day It would be July 4 because he was a huge fan of John Adams Yeah, who was one of the founding fathers of of the American Constitution together with some with Thomas Jefferson And and just for that for that sake alone He would pick July 4 as his death day and he finally made it exactly to that which is just amazing I think that is that's so cool. He seems like a very nice guy and I think I talked to a Little bit at Pasek. I talked to Jason Edwards from prologix percussion a little bit about his lessons we were talking about that with with with Jim as well and Kind of echoes what you're saying of him just being a nice guy. He Jim it's just kind of funny. He looks like a nice guy. You know what? I mean, I'm sure he was very He wanted you to work. What was it like taking lessons with them and on that note was it? Primarily on the pad were you on the drum set? And you're in Germany. How did this even work for you? I mean, what was what was the story with with you taking lessons with him? That's a lot of questions there. Sorry. Yeah, I mean Taking a lesson with Jim was always a bit of an adventure. Now quite some of my lessons with him took place In the US on Long Island, I mean some of the first ones Back in the Long Island drum center where Dom also used to teach alongside with Jim and Al Miller, for instance, who was another great Long Island drummer and another teacher of Dom actually and It also appeared that that every day or every year when when Jim would would come over to Germany usually Many times twice a year for music master, which was usually somewhere spring March April and then another time Many times around fall October November. He would stop by at my place He would he would stay at at my at the house of my parents-in-law and I would just try to organize as much work for him as possible and Of course then also taking lessons with him, but it was it was many times an adventure because Jim didn't make Victor didn't make victims when he When he was teaching it was he would just go for it but whenever you had a question his answers would always be in detail exactly what you wanted to hear he was not Cryptical he was not Coming up with strange comparisons that you would not understand He was very hands-on and he would teach each student With the utmost amount of respect no matter if it was a season pro who had been playing the drums For years and years or if it was somebody who who was just starting out to play the drums Jim did not care everybody was everybody got the same amount of attention and It was it was both on the pad and the drums Whatever was around he was traveling with his set of say copied pages Either out of his books volume one or volume two and a couple of handwritten sheets Which are spread all over the all over the planet I think I run into these these copied handwritten sheets of Jim everywhere. That's funny. So that was pretty much His routine. Yeah, hmm. That's cool man in inner intercoastal drum lessons there Now was it a pretty standard priced lesson?  Was it still like the standard, you know $40 $50 for an hour in in comparison to the inflation and all that Jim actually what one of the one of the very few Malfunctions in the in the in the business model of Jim shape and I would say was that Jim never had a real Concrete idea what he wanted to charge for a lesson. I mean, I I would pay him of course But and I would whenever I would organize lessons for for Jim. I would of course say, okay, this is like 60 bucks 70 bucks Yeah, what whatever the rate was but I have encountered Say countless situations where where Jim would just give lessons for free pretty much and Man because he was so enthusiastic about About teaching and drumming and he would completely forget about time and be off schedule already at Two in the afternoon and there was still a whole day of teaching in front of him And and you were pretty much just trying to to get things sort of organized and to keep everything kind of unscheduled but Trying to really page him the amount that that he really deserved at times was challenging Let me put it this way man. That's interesting. It's so funny him and him and even kind of going back to molar about Not really working out that great with the marketing and the money side of things But I guess it's just the love of teaching. I've had that with my experience taking lessons Now with Barry who's kind of of that earlier generation is it'll be an hour and a half in and I remember back when I was teaching It was like on the hour. It's like alright Someone else has to start now like you know like I would always say the train doesn't stop like if one person gets off then the rest of the day is off so It's not a concern I guess Now as we kind of maybe we'll move on to something else here, but like can you name off some obviously you are but Who are some? drummers that we all might know who use the molar technique That's a good question and I mean We would have to make a difference between Drummers who have the information obviously from Jim himself Okay Yeah, who know what what they are doing and there are still on the other hand quite some drummers who use the same principles But they never took a lesson with Jim Got it and and and we would also have to make a difference between any sort of formal lessons and formal students who would really reach out to Jim and Stop by and then take a lesson in his rooms where he was teaching or if it was just something Okay, we're gonna stop by backstage and you're gonna show me something on the pad real quick. Mm-hmm. Wow. That's a great point but what I what I know is that Jim was always a huge fan of Vinny and Vinny's traditional grip and And I think mostly for the for the not not not just for the aspect of Vinny's musical and rhythmic Say imagination which is which is just beyond he just seems to be The kind of player who can who can do anything But I know that Jim also loved Vinny's traditional grip for the for the sheer aspect of being one of the few guys Who could really get a nice crack out of the drum and a good backbeat? Still using traditional grip. Yeah So so Jim loved that a lot. I know and quite some other guys, of course would include people like Kenny Aronoff who who loved Jim's technique and and was extremely grateful for For Jim's input because at some point, I think Kenny was There were some some some physical Restraints and some physical challenges that that Kenny had at a certain time and just letting go of the stick and And using the the power and the relaxation effects of of Mola technique pretty much Saved his life that that's that's what Kenny always used to say So I mean there are countless more people who would use use the system but these are just two that that come to my mind which are very different with regards to to to their drumming style and their approach of music, but that just goes to say how Universal the technique really is and that it's not just something for the jazz guys or for the rock guys or for or for whatever guy it was it seemed to be the Perfect thing that you could organize all of your drumming with That's interesting and you said too that like it would be if you learned it from Jim or if you kind of Copying what you saw or you learned backstage So was Jim basically Jim Chapin was he basically like the gatekeeper? I mean at that point I'm sure other people were alive and teaching from taking lessons from molar, but it sounds like Jim was the guy kind of like how it went civil war drummers to molar Molar to Chapin and obviously Jean Krupa and everyone but he didn't he taught but not as much as Jim Chapin So if you really wanted to learn this technique correctly It basically had to be through Jim Chapin, correct? I would say so and and there's also word by by sanford molar himself Who would say that that jim was that one student of him who obviously Uh understood best the the techniques that molar was teaching and possibly even added Some some little aspects on on top of it And I think that was just for the pure sake of jim just Just being a genius mind. He would he would bring the ability of analyzing things and looking into the details and understanding What is really happening behind the curtain? And he would include that into his teaching routines and molar understood that and it even went to the point where I think molar also Gave jim one of the drums that one of the us army veterans Gave molar as a present in the 1920s. Oh, wow So so so jim had this really old drum which most likely has been played during the civil war and uh Unfortunately, the the drum got stolen when uh, god When jim's video speed power control endurance was shot because jim would would never lock his car and he just had this Field drum the rope tension field drum with the molar eagle and the and the famous depict with the eagle and the arrows that that was That was molar sign on the on the drums. He had a typical design that he used Uh, and of the car wasn't locked and it was the the drum was stolen and away you go So jeez so it's out there somewhere, but uh, somebody has it. I'm sure If you're listening then please, uh, send it to klaus because I think you're the one who deserves it At this point. Um, okay. Well, that's uh, that's interesting. So, um Okay, let's change gears here. I feel like we have a good understanding of those guys and uh, now I mean you are obviously a direct, you know student going down the lineage there. Um Um What can you let's talk collapsed rudiments something that you mentioned to me about Hey, maybe this is something we could talk about. Can you explain what it is and um, and then maybe we'll get into your, uh, most recent book and uh Yeah, let's talk rudiments Yeah, sure. Uh, now First of all collapsed rudiments. I should I should say is uh, it has been the Uh, I would say the favorite playground Of the late years of uh, of jim Chapin and and I know he started thinking about that already somewhere back in the 60s and uh, long story short, it's about Taking a certain sticking a rudiment Whatever it is. Let's say a rudiment and uh, you're you're maintaining the sticking you keep The the order of right and left strokes, but you're changing the distances between the strokes Uh, but you don't change the order of the sticking. It's just the rhythm that you change It's not the sticking that you change. So you collapse it you collapse the pattern pretty much like a Collapsing chair if you will you change distances like like an accordion there And uh, and you you you collapse and you expand it that's pretty much the idea and The interesting thing is that uh, that jim was using a lot of that in his drum set concepts So that was again another field of studies where the topic of rudiments and drum set slash independence would meet Collapsed rudiments can be also a great tool to better understand the relationship between certain patterns say The single flamed mill is an offspring of the five-stroke roll such as the paradiddle little And the pada-fla-fla are related to each other because they have the same sticking but different rhythm Such as the single drag tab is an inward paradiddle Such as the the single paradiddle is also a flam accent Uh There are countless more but understanding the relationship between rudimental patterns pretty much gives you a completely Different view on the topic that also helps to uh to understand drum set adaptations in uh in yet a different way Interesting now It's not to be confused with like if you're on the computer and you're you know Like let's imagine there's a swing knob Where you go from dot dot dot dot and you make it dot dot dot dot dot and you're kind of playing with time It's not to be confused. It's it's different than that obviously right where you're kind of Still in time, but you're pushing and pulling a little bit is that that's different correct Uh, it it it can it it use it should be different. Yes, uh, I mean But but it it definitely has to do with how far you take the game Uh, say if you if you play, uh a paradiddle Let's say to to to come up with with a super easy example and you have your paradiddle And you can obviously just move from the paradiddle And uh keep the sticking in the very same way And you also keep the pulse and the and the time in the very same spot But you just change the difference change the distances between the notes That's pretty much the the basic concept that Jim was looking into Gotcha, that makes perfect sense. And I appreciate you playing it. That doesn't happen often on this often on this show. So, um That's pretty cool. Awesome. Now, um And then you as a teacher so you are obviously a teacher So um and we can talk about you know more at the end where people can find you and all that stuff But if people wanted to learn this directly from you I know you have a a pretty cool setup. That's a very legitimate multi-camera kind of good audio Setup so if people were to take lessons from you, this is the kind of stuff they can they can learn directly from you, correct? um Yes, and uh, and and I mean some sometimes people would say oh boy I'm having trouble with with understanding rudiments as they are Um, so why should I burden myself with yet another level of craziness? um, I mean just Just to cool things down a bit To me the the the whole aspect of collapsing and expanding rudiments or collapsing and expanding Certain stickings and patterns. It's not about creating complexity By all means it it also can be used as a tool of methodology to point out relatively Simple relationships between Certain right left stickings It doesn't have to be complicated But it it really sheds a completely different light on a learning process That includes sticking and and accents And it's it's it's quite astounding that the rhythmic aspect on top of that also makes it a bit easier to to come up with Say more exotic Grids of subdivision. I mean just to give you a relatively basic example if you were to play a five stroke roll And you were to expand that all of a sudden you're getting into quintuplets Which uh Once you're under the spell of still playing the five stroke roll and you just look into even distances from stroke to stroke You you naturally you naturally Seem to go into the quintuplet without having to think one to three four four one two three four four one two three four four and breaking your tongue, right? Yeah, exactly So that's relatively easy. I think and so collapsing and expanding patterns Is something which can also be used in many fold applications Which shed a different light on not just certain technical aspects, but also certain rhythmical aspects and And the way you use a certain pattern On the pad or around the drums That's fascinating. Yeah, and it's uh, obviously like you said you can use around around the drum set. So this isn't um I think growing up. I kind of had the um mentality of um Always just being a rock drummer Guy on a drum set like I don't really need to practice rudiments. I play on the drum set But now being like, you know an adult I'm like boy, I wish I would have spent more time doing that So that's why kind of on a mission now to learn more of this stuff and uh Because it applies for everything like you said you can use it everywhere. It pretty much does.  Is it is it something worth doing studying rudiments? Uh, and and the answers to that questions may be different and I understand that there are different answers from different people So uh, uh, so quite some some some drummers would say Well, uh rudiments. That's that's the foundation of drumming. It's it's really the the basis of what we do You may have that opinion and and I think Fair enough and uh, and it's totally true for say an army drummer 200 years ago I mean if you were not able to play the rudiments you could not play Your duty you could not play the marches and the and the orders and the drum beatings that you were supposed to play in the army So for an army drummers quite some years ago. It it was the absolute foundation Today for a rock drummer, you may argue that but still what you do is you play Stay certain arrangements of right and left strokes and some are softer and some are louder and uh rudiments actually Come as a compressed nucleus of certain right left loud soft arrangements they they actually uh Generate perfect exercises that uh that help you once you master these exercises To bring your musical imagination into life. So why not take that opportunity and uh and take advantage of that Yeah, that's at least my point. No, I think that's Exactly right where you look at um And I keep going back to it but just because I'm taking lessons on it now But looking at stick control you'd look at the first couple pages and go what you know, this is just rights and lefts But it's like man, there's so much you can do with it and it's exactly like what you're saying about just Take that one little bit and expand it and turn it into something just to let let your imagination go wild If like the better Of a drummer you are The more you can pull out of you know, if you're playing piano twinkle twinkle little star Herbie Hancock or someone would play that completely different than a Beginner and would get much more out of it just by knowing what you know the basics Yeah, sure And I mean finally it all comes down to to understanding the gap between what I used to call the drill zone and the game zone uh The drill zone may be something like Yeah, you you learn the basics you learn Uh the the legacy you you you study the traditions you learn the rudiments You you study stick control you study accents and rebounds you study all the legendary greats On whose shoulders we are standing on and uh and then putting that all to the game zone where you just Try to forget about that and uh and and just enjoy the the fun of doing it And uh jim usually used to say When somebody was asking What what what should I do with with the techniques I I now Learned with you and and the exercises I I did with you and and the typical Chapin answer would be Give me 20 minutes daily in front of the mirror and when you go on stage Forget you know me That's awesome forget you know me. Oh, it's so true And uh, and I think that that's one thing that made jim outstanding as a teacher He would not take himself so seriously that he would only be after the techniques jim was very much after the music, but he understood the connection between both And uh and that I think is what makes uh a good teacher a great teacher Yeah, yeah, you're not learning this in a vacuum. You're you're meant to go out and play and uh Ideally make it your own right to a little bit, you know, you want to keep the technique alive and everything but but be your own drummer Yes, so um That's awesome. Let's hop over now and talk about your book camp duty update Which is just right in line with all of this um and the history And um, I don't I want to be clear that I don't have it. I haven't read it But I'm just looking at it online and I will definitely try to get my hands on it. So Um, why don't you tell us about it? Well, the the main intention of the book to me or the main motivation Let's say was I was I was trying to reconnect the drumming and the music And uh, and the the strange thing I thought was that at a certain point in time the the drumming and uh, and the music almost seemed to be separated now Say if if I'm if I'm Bringing up the three camps for instance. I mean who out there still knows that the three camps uh as a Drum beating as a as a march as a signal to to wake up troops also has a five melody and who out there would be Would be able to whistle that tune So so who would be aware of the music and uh, it almost seems like okay. Here's the rudiments and uh Oh, yeah some some at some point back there there used to be music that the drumming would accompany But uh, we forgot the music and and only the the drumming and the rudiments Were left as a short passage on a poster. I think that's very poor And and that was the the main intention reuniting the music and the drumming and also understanding that the the drumming and the music has has european Origins, so most of that is Swiss and french and to a certain degree it may be It it may have some german influence as well. I mean the the borders between the countries back then During renaissance times, of course were much different as they are today So this is why I say it has european roots, but the french and the swiss origins are extremely strong with that So i'm i'm giving some sort of a historic timeline of how drumming developed beginning in the 14th century To the times of the revolutionary war and the civil war and then I present certain classic tunes from that uh from these times i mean starting with uh with with a piece from the from the 1600s until say standards like The downfall of paris and the three camps and the british granadiers and yankee doodle and dixie and all of that But I I not just present the classic original tunes and and the drum beatings As they were used in their authentic way. I also present an updated version which uses the same melody same five tune but using influences from basel drumming and collapsed rudiments that Chapin concept that we talked about earlier And that also fits on the same melody. So i'm i'm kind of Trying to reconnect the the tradition of drumming from hundreds and hundreds of years ago to what we have today And and there's very much of a common thread to it And it appears quite some people Like it which i'm of course happy about so of course yeah, I think your attention to detail and um I just think what i've learned from this show is people really really enjoy and respond well to um when people just really want to keep historical traditions alive And um, and if not modernize it a little bit to keep it, you know relevant and so you're not just printing out sheets of you know Music where you're just playing the same thing. Um, yeah, and you come it has a CD with it. Obviously I can see that so That's really cool. That's that's great.  I mean that makes sense Yeah, but the the the interesting thing still is that um, I mean the the the feedback i'm getting on this, uh From from all kinds of drummers, uh, say, uh David Garibaldi is a big fan of it and and he also took a couple of lessons on and stuff like that Uh, just as steve smith was writing a testimonial for it or big furth or john back or A little funny story on the side Which is just two days ago now. I I came back home late and uh, my phone is ringing and uh And believe it or not, it's steve gad. So my god What would you think steve gad is calling you and is asking you for a copy of camp duty update? Uh So I had to sit down and uh and have a drink after that. Yeah, that's exactly what I would do Just just saying so, uh, so that's awesome. Obviously there's something to it. I hope yeah Oh man, that's so cool. And I just want to say we We it most people know it who are listening to this but you yourself I mean, obviously people can probably gather it from talking to you are an amazing drummer both on the rudimental stuff And just getting you on a drum set um from watching videos and and posting some on social media and stuff. Um, so You're a monster drummer, man. You're great Thank you. I mean, I mean the the the whole rudimental act and and all of this is is pretty much, uh Uh, I I would even call it like something like a hobby. It's it's not it's not something that that I do for a living but it just It just connects perfectly with with my main topic with Which is which is still drum set playing of course, but but understanding that knowing about rudiments and the and the history part of it and and Just seeing how that puzzle of drumming Is is sort of coming to To to a complete picture. Yeah, that's that's just something I enjoy so much that that I keep doing it And uh, although it's it's not what I really do for a living Of course, I'm a drum set player and I wouldn't call myself a basildrummer or a a true rudimental Shotgun that that's not what I am. I I know a thing or two and I can play a thing or two but But I'm mostly attracted by by the beauty of of these old rope tension field drum 16 by 16 and I I just enjoy that That voluminous and and majestic sound I should say. Yeah Yeah, they're um They're works of art I mean really I got a book from a friend mark robertson Who's a great friend of the show who sent me a book on them and I've just like looked through and it documents them all beautifully and I think was written by george carol It's something I'm getting more and more into where you appreciate the art of these rope tension drums So I'm right there with you. It's it's very cool So claus, why don't we tell people here at the end? Um, where they can find you the best way to take a lesson With you take lessons with you. Um, so why don't you tell us all that good stuff? Uh, well, I mean, of course, uh, there's my website claus hesla.com Uh, which has a contact uh formula which you can use to to contact me for any open lesson slots That's possibly the easiest way to go. Of course, there's Uh, there's claus dot hessler on instagram There is uh claus hessler official on facebook. I'm also on twitter, but I'm not super active on on that platform um, so those are the the the the usual ways to uh to find out about me and uh, I'm quite easy to handle so you don't need to be afraid that Yeah, that's funny man. This has been great. I've just learned so much from you So, um class, I want to thank you for taking the time to be on the show and uh And it was great to meet you and talk with you and oh, I want to give a uh, thank you too I'm going to probably mess up the name but frank denage Um, who originally recommended you And um, some other people I'm going to be talking to down the road, which I hope comes together. Um, So thank you to frank, um for getting us uh putting the idea in my mind. Um, so Yeah, there's there's still one more thing which comes to my mind right now Sure. Uh, I I just started a, um, uh Some educational output with With an online format, which is called open minded drumming.com And the first set of courses we have been putting out now is uh, um, say, um An online seminar, uh, which is learning about learning swiss rudimental drumming from scratch Uh, and I think there is no online information about that to to really learn that Uh, when you're not having the chance to to study with somebody from switzerland directly or whatever So it's uh, it's really some some amazing footage high quality stuff Uh booklet that comes with it. So if you want to check that out and you want to learn a bit more about my hobby Yeah, uh, you're welcome to to check this out open minded drumming.com man. That sounds like something I'd be interested in again kind of You need that You need that way to get into it You know what?  So I'm gonna check that out. Um, and I recommend everyone else does too. Yeah, please do Awesome class. Thanks for being here my friend It was super fun to talk drums with you and uh, and just as I I love playing the drums. I love talking drums So so so you caught me on my weak spot Me too. Thanks man You're welcome. Thank you so much If you like this podcast find me on social media at drum history and please share rate and leave a review And let me know topics that you would like to learn about in the future Until next time keep on learning This is a Gwyn sound podcast


To study language in general, we should know about its theoretical foundations. One of the foundations is sociolinguistics. Every subject that you study, it has its theoretical foundation, whether it is psychology, whether it is sociology, different concepts, different theories, they provide support to that discipline. So, what are theoretical supports of this discipline? We now want to study them and one major theoretical support comes from sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics studies how use of language varies in different contexts. Mainly, it is study of language variation. How our use of language changes according to use and user? Use and user. How variation in use carries cultural norms with it? Definitely, when we use language, we use language according to certain norms. So, along with use, we are also learning norms of use. Sociolinguistics tells us, particularly, the user's social location. Here, location does not mean geographical location. It is cultural location, social location, where that person stands in society with reference to class, gender, color, etc. Second, who the user is? First, what is his position place in society? Social category. Second, who the user is? The user's social identity. The user is a man, a woman, a doctor, a nurse, professional, etc. Does sociolinguistics have a specific link with our course? Yes, a big yes. Language and gender originated from feminist movement. This is the origin. And the origin of our course, language and gender, goes back to feminism. But it developed through linguistics. This relationship of our course with feminism was just a starting point. It was linguistics and especially sociolinguistics which further boosted it, promoted it. The linguists who brought feminism into linguistics, we called them feminist linguists. Most of these linguists, they are or they were sociolinguists. See some feminist linguists, so that you understand the contribution of sociolinguistics to language and gender. Here is Professor Debra Cameron, she is from UK. And on my left side, extreme left side is her image. And this is her recent work, life and language. And then next to her, we have Carol Chomsky. Carol Chomsky was wife of Norm Chomsky, a well-known American philosopher and linguist and political analyst. The whole world knows him. She was his wife. And her particular interest was language acquisition and gender. She is also counted among top gender scholars of US. And then next on extreme right, we have Robin Lackoff. She is also from US. It was she who first pointed out that women have their own specific language. The language of women becomes their identity.


Or at least, that was what ancient doctors thought in China. Now for a lot of people, this question of no faff has become almost like an internet or cultural phenomenon. Where people are curious and all these hidden forms and these little alcoves of the internet. Is this something that is good for me? Or is something bad for me? Now for thousands of years in East Asia, Taoist mystics, hermits, and even physicians have viewed basically what comes out of a man during orgasm as a kind of life force. I mean after all, it literally produces a child when it meets a woman. And they believe that if you conserve this life force, a very dense form of essence called Jing, then you can prolong your lifespan and increase your longevity and have more energy. So in this video, we're going to address masturbation, good or bad. Hi guys, it's Dr. Alex Hine, board licensed acupuncturist and doctor of traditional Chinese medicine and author of the health book, Master of the Day. So let's jump. One of the world's renowned physicians is a doctor named Sun Sun Miao in traditional Chinese medicine history. Now this doctor was extremely advanced in his knowledge of medicine and his care for helping sick people. Now in one of his books, at one of the final chapters, he has all of these very interesting prescriptions for living a long life. I mean the book is focused on longevity in this particular chapter and it ranges from the way to live in harmony with the Tao, how often to have sex, and even how often to ejaculate. And this is what he said, which is very interesting. He said, a man may attend health and longevity if he practices an ejaculation frequency of twice monthly or 24 times a year. If at the same time he pays careful attention to proper diet and exercise, he will live a long and a healthy life. Now in another paper in the Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, there's more on what he said. He said, the last chapter in scroll 27 of the essential prescriptions contains advice on sexual intercourse for the purpose of cultivating Qi and therefore longevity. By avoiding seminal emissions and practicing moderation, generally twice a month is permissible, but elsewhere this is graduated by age and should be avoided completely by men past the age of 60. Now this echoes an ancient Taoist idea that humans have the kind of life force. And we do, even though it may not be measurable with labs and imaging and blood work, we do because we all recognize what vitality looks like and we know what it feels like. But in terms of actual semen, it is a very, very dense form of life force, very dense form of Yang Qi called Jing or Essence. And so they believe that if one could conserve this and not squander it carelessly, you know, a lot of these people are advisors for royalty who had dozens if not hundreds of concubines. So they were sexually overactive. And so these were prescriptions and these were life cultivation points designed to help not only the common person, but also the royalty attain longevity and good health. Now there are plenty of incredibly interesting aspects to longevity that Traditional Chinese Medicine talks about that you'll never hear from your medical doctor. And four of those I've put into the free guide right below this video, you guys. Four daily rituals that can potentially help you add years to your life with Traditional Chinese Medicine. It's a free download. I also have info down there below if you want to be a patient of mine locally in Los Angeles or virtually via telemedicine. Now let's look at what the science actually says about this. Is there something to it? Now in one research paper, researchers found that men had a higher serum testosterone meaning in the blood after several weeks of not ejaculating basically. And there are specific hormonal changes that happen only when there's an orgasm ejaculation versus just being erect or just being aroused, for example. So check this out. In one paper, researchers found that although higher testosterone levels are seen with abstinence, orgasm does not acutely affect testosterone levels. So right after it can cause a spike in levels of other hormones, this spike is dependent on ejaculation and does not occur under non orgasmic arousal. Also what's interesting is that they found that agents that increase dopamine levels or act like dopamine can increase the frequency of erections and subjective sexual arousal and that the actual ejaculatory process is mediated by serotonin and that drugs that interfere with that like SSRIs a specific class of antidepressants can actually interfere with that natural process which is why so many people on varying kinds of antidepressants have erectile or sexual or libido issues. So long story short, there is an increase in testosterone for men with abstinence, not ejaculating, and some of the neurotransmitters that are more related to the erections and the ejaculatory process are serotonin and dopamine. Now let's get to the good part, which is case studies.  So the kidney is not just the anatomical kidney, it is also sometimes the adrenal and sometimes the reproductive functions. So men that have issues with libido and erections, we say have kidney chi or kidney yang deficiency. I like to think of it as kidney functional deficiency, but ancient doctors warn that for men that excessively use this faculty, they can produce a disease called kidney chi deficiency. Lucky for you, I've had five or so patients that are all young men that have come in with the same syndrome. And I want to share what they came in with, how we treated them, and the results after. Now I've seen about half a dozen young men in my clinic here in Los Angeles, and they've all come in with a very distinct pattern. They came in with a prior medical history of what they deemed excessive masturbation, typically several times per day to ejaculation, right? So they're actually relieving themselves two, three, four, five times a day. It is extreme by any measure. They came in reporting issues with erections, with fatigue, especially after ejaculation, extreme levels of fatigue, issues with general libido, with urination, and also they are having nocturnal emissions as grown men. So they are now having what ancient Taoist doctors called leaking essence. So this cluster of symptoms is related to what we call kidney chi deficiency. So by overusing this faculty, they actually produced a disease state that TCM would diagnose as a kidney functional disorder. Now in particular, these men came in and they had what we call a floating pulse and a weak pulse. And what that is is basically sort of like a kind of resource exhaustion, along with a very sensitive nervous system that is now very heightened. So the pulse is floating at the surface. And for these men in particular, we use traditional herbal formulas that we treat kidney deficiency with. Now ordinarily, that should never show up until a man is 60 years old, if ever. But for a 20 or 17 or 25 year old to show up with this means that excessive ejaculation really can produce a disease state that we would call kidney deficiency. Now this is the kind of thing that will be misdiagnosed forever from conventional medicine and they will probably just be medicated with antidepressants. But in general, while this is very effectively approached with these formulas, one thing that is very important to understand is that while, yes, you wonder how could some people even have the time to do this, there's absolutely an aspect of the spirit or the heart that is not well in the case of loneliness or depression or it helps them feel good or there's some aspect of disconnection and not feeling well, which is what predisposes them to this. And can you guess what the other organ is that is paired with a kidney and traditional Chinese medicine? It's the heart. So when we say heart and kidney not communicating, that is a piece of this diagnosis as well. So some final thoughts here. For these men, all of them within two to three weeks were feeling much better. And within about two to three months, these conditions were functionally reversed. Now, like anything in life, the dose makes the poison. Having to relieve yourself three or four times a day is not only logistically difficult if you have a job, that is a real issue for lots of reasons, not just the physical mechanical reasons, but what is going on internally in terms of the human psyche or the spirit in that case. Like anything, there are benefits to ejaculating in men who don't, prostate benefits is interesting research on that. But in general, thinking that as what is that middle sweet spot, it's going to depend on your health, it's going to depend on your age, and it's going to depend if you're in that new relationship where you're really excited or the long-term relationship where you're really shut off. Now, if you guys love hearing this intersection of traditional Chinese medicine and medicine, I've launched a brand new venture called the Healing Library. It is a series of online courses. I'm releasing new ones once a season on how to heal yourself with traditional Chinese medicine. Now, my first course is coming out in a few weeks, introduction to traditional Chinese medicine, the original science of healing and longevity. And if you're on my newsletter list, it's the first link below this video, you'll get notified when that course comes out in a couple weeks. So I'm incredibly excited. This is the medicine that has saved my own life. And so I think this is the best way to reach people who would not otherwise be able to come see me in my actual clinic. So if you want to learn when that course comes out, add your name to the list below and I'll see you soon. And there's a video right here on the similar topic for you.


Here at the walkie-airport Taking notes Here's I swear Damn Anthony some interviews. He's unsuccessful so far Just doing an equipment test here before the pregame show Mike's testing some microphones here Walk in here at the chase bridge Welcome to our box. These are our seats for Today's game in St. John's Not too shabby got my game notes headsets in our Highline of the broadcast that connects us back to the studio in Johnston Post game just finishing up some media notes Michael's editing video dance right in the game story And Brian is being a pack mule and packing up the gear So we're almost done here. It's 1 30 in the morning and we're ready to head home Ended the trip with a loss to you save your musketeers Michael's pretty sad about it I am two of them crying on the inside So we're gonna watch the Seton Hall Creighton game now and head home tomorrow


The refrigeration systems that we've looked at thus far in the last lecture are mainly for household applications, be it air conditioning or refrigeration of food. There are many other applications that our refrigeration is applied to and so what we'll be doing in this lecture is taking a look at some of those other different systems and cycles. So we've looked at domestic refrigeration as well as air conditioning, other industrial applications, ice making for personal or human consumption as well as skating rinks. The food processing industry uses refrigeration quite extensively as you can imagine, anything from freeze dried food to freezing food to just even doing any kind of process in developing food. For example, brewing or any of those operations, sometimes you need to cool the things that you're making. The petroleum industry uses refrigeration as well depending upon what particular process you're looking at. So those are some of the industrial applications for refrigeration. Another area that we haven't talked about is cryogenics and so what you're doing here is you're taking a gas and you're converting it into its liquid form. So a popular one nowadays is LNG, liquefied natural gas and that is used to distribute natural gas from different areas of the world to other areas of the world where it's used for electricity generation. It's used for heating of homes. It's also used for cooking. The temperature at which LNG or liquefied natural gas occurs at is about 120 K. So LNG terminals will take gas pipelines as the input and then it goes through the LNG process and then they will put that onto ships and transport it around the world. And then once it gets to the other location, there will be a receiving terminal. They will then transport it throughout that country or that location for use. Liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen is dropping down 77 K. And then when you get to liquid helium, it's around 20 K, or sorry, hydrogen. And finally liquid helium is around 4 K. Now sometimes if you have a compact system or you need a compact system and you want to get down to the cryogenic temperatures, the Stirling cycle is actually quite useful for achieving cryogenic temperatures in a fairly small compact size. So we looked at the Stirling heat engine. You can reverse that cycle and use it quite effectively as a system for refrigeration or cooling. So those were some of the industrial applications that we can find for refrigeration cycles. What we're going to do now in the next couple of segments, we're going to take a look at a few different cycles that are used for industrial applications. Some of them for liquefaction or cryogenics, others for other systems where you can get lower temperatures than we've been able to get for, for example, our 134A. So that's where we're going to move into now.


So now I'm here, flyer on sprawl. Let's go. Hi, I have a flyer for you Do you want to see a magic trick? Yeah, I gotta go class. Oh, I wish I could go. I think you've dropped something. Oh, that would be great. I think you've dropped something. Okay Magic trick? Pick a car, any car. Will you take my flyer? Thank you. Mo from CalTV Entertainment, and I'm here to interview people on what it's like to flyer on sprawl Do you usually take the flyers that are being handed out to you on sprawl? Actually, I do. I think it's really cool when student groups are out here And I get asked some really interesting things like I think vagina monologues straight up asked me if I came out of a vagina I'm part of the SHEP program at the Tang Center. SHEP stands for sexual health education program. So And what are you out here firing for? Well, it is National Condom Week, which originally started here at Berkeley So, yeah, it coincides with Valentine's Day, you know, hint hint. So yeah, we're we're here to spread a lot of sex positivity So what was your name? BulbaliciousVV. What is your tactic in getting people to take your stuff here on sprawl? Just having a smile dancing around Just being very positive even if people reject you just like okay, no worries We believe like if you sit down, you're not showing as much energy So we tried to stand up dance around just show that we're here Energized try to get other people energized. So what's your name? Soxie. Soxie? Nice to meet you Soxie So what are you currently selling on sprawl right now? We're selling roses on sprawl two dollars. What are you selling it for? So we're selling it for 100 Strong. It's a women's mentoring club and we Work with eighth graders from with the school in West Berkeley. It's really cool I've been in the program since freshman year. I'm a junior now We're handing out chai tea For our sorority alpha chi omega to support domestic violence awareness and our Philanthropies cause which is ruby place, which is a woman's shelter in Oakland And what's your tactic in getting people to take your stuff? Um, we ask them if they support healthy relationships and gonna do the guilt thing. Yeah, and hopefully everyone does Yeah, we're just handing out Valentine's Day cards to everybody around just to just to greet them a really nice day Thank you. Do people ever end up saying like no to you? Yes, I just got rejected by two guys We've gotten a fair ton of rejections a lot of oh, I don't need it right now or I have no use for it But better safe than sorry, right? What kind of advice would you give to the students walking down on sprawl? Um, I'd suggest they see what they're saying no to before they say no because true I get it like some people are handing out coupons for pizza like okay, but like healthy relationships Hashtag healthy relationships guys. It's important


I'm Alison Mead Richardson, the Education Specialist for Technical and Vocational Skills Development, or TVSD, which is one of the eight initiatives in the COLE programme. It's concerned with increasing access to good quality, formal and non-formal technical and vocational skills training. Youth unemployment is a deepening global challenge in both developed and developing countries. The ILO reports that globally nearly 75 million young people between the ages of 16 and 25 are without work, and in developing countries youth are disproportionately represented amongst the working poor. So what is the challenge we're facing? Due to global successes with the Millennium Development and Education for All Goals to establish universal primary education, developing countries are now facing a secondary surge, greatly increased numbers of young people who've completed secondary education but then have nowhere to go. All these young people need skills training for livelihoods, and the destination for many of them will be the formal TVET system. Most developing countries cannot expand their TVET systems to provide for the increasing numbers. Indeed at COLE we believe that bricks and mortar approaches will never meet this growing demand and a paradigm shift is needed. At the turn of the 21st century a new term was coined in the UK which unfortunately is now common in development parlance. We're seeing a rise in the number of needs, people who are not in employment, education or training. In South Africa for example there are nearly 3 million needs and this increases the potential for social problems and may even lead to social unrest as we've seen in the North African Arab countries. The COLE TVSD initiative works in all four commonwealth regions, the Pacific, the Caribbean, South East Asia and Africa. We help institutions and organisations to develop their own model of skills training delivery using appropriate technologies which helps them to meet the needs of their local community. We focus on the use of educational media and technology in flexible and blended approaches which enable more people to access quality skills training. In most Pacific Island countries the informal sector is the dominant segment of the labour market and is where most school leavers will have to find work. Training for the informal sector has to become the top priority. According to the Asian Development Bank there are few opportunities for young people and adults to acquire skills through formal and non-formal programmes but because of the importance of those skills for employment, self-employment and income generation a key objective for TVET systems in the region is to broaden coverage and expand. In the Pacific where low levels of literacy and numeracy prevent young people from accessing TVET COLE worked with six countries to develop a literacy course for basic trades. This has been piloted in five countries with 15 institutions participating.  Substantive use of these materials is expected in four countries in both formal and non-formal settings. COLE is supporting the Community Education and Training Centre to expand access to their residential programme for female community development workers through multi-country distance delivery. We continue to work with PATVET, the Pacific Association for Technical and Vocational Education and Training to expand the use of educational media and technology to increase access to skills training. In the Caribbean region the majority of countries have faced a high demographic growth combined with economies that cannot ensure employment for the growing population. The employment situation has been especially challenging for young people where unemployment is two or three times higher than in the rest of the economically active population. Chronic unemployment leads to a loss of identity and to eventual exclusion. It also creates economic instability and cyclical forms of poverty. The groups most severely affected by this situation are Indigenous populations, women, youth and rural populations. Seven out of ten jobs in urban areas are in the informal sector. In the Caribbean COLE focuses on TVET teacher training for new blended online programmes in four more TVET institutions in Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica and St Vincent and the Grenadines. Marginalised youth are of particular concern in urban Jamaica and COLE is working with government and NGO stakeholders to create new literacy and skills training opportunities for young people in three marginalised communities in Kingston. Youth unemployment rates are lower in Southeast Asia than in other regions but this region is characterised by large gender gaps in youth labour force participation. Low levels of female participation cause equity concerns and lost potential for economic development. The ILO reports youth rates in vulnerable employment and working poverty are very high. Many poor workers are trapped in a cycle of low levels of education and low productivity employment. COLE is working with Dakar-Asania mission in Bangladesh to develop skills training courses in print and video format to be delivered by 200 NGOs and the national broadcaster. We're supporting the development of a distance programme to train 3,000 community development workers in Kerala, India. But the main focus for TVSD is currently in Africa where we feel the need is greatest. ILO research reports that 60% of the population of sub-Saharan Africa is under 25 years and 75% of work is in the informal economy. This means that the vast majority of young people will never be employed. In most African countries the formal TVSD system has been losing its identity due to low budget provision, inadequate infrastructure, outdated materials and pedagogy. The formal TVSD system tends to focus on fixed, face-to-face programmes over long periods for small cohorts of school leavers with higher basic education qualifications. According to ADEA, the Association for the Development of Education in Africa, formal government TVSD systems in African countries are characterised by expanding informal sector and shrinking wage employment opportunities. Huge numbers of poorly educated, frustrated and unemployed youth who are locked out of the formal skills training system. Unequal training opportunities fostered by inequities based on geographical location, gender and socio-economic factors. In partnership with the Commonwealth Association of Polytechnics in Africa, COLE has identified 11 key institutions in six African countries that have higher levels of readiness for flexible and blended approaches. We call it Invest Africa, Innovation in Vocational Education and Skills Training. An integrated strategy driven by the institutional head plus the creation of champion teams has been identified as a key success factor. Institutional and individual capacities being built through a variety of methods which include workshops, online courses, informal learning through an online community of practice, institutional site visits by the COLE expert team, regular monitoring and evaluation and partners meetings for review and planning. Over the past two years, 3,750 extra places on TVEC courses have been made available. That's a brief rundown of the COLE TVSD initiative. More details of our work can be found on our website at www.col.org. slash skills development.


Hey guys, it's Nate A.K. the foot account and welcome back to the channel. Happy Sunday inside of team of the year today is a big day because we get new team of the year cards in packs today. Yes, that is correct. The three attacker items of Messi Lewandowski and Mbappe are enjoying their final few hours in packs before the team of the year midfielders will grace this game today as the new positional, I guess, you know, positional is released. Positions are released out of the team of the year and that is going to be our Giorginho, our Chelsea boys with Giorginho and in Golda Conte along with KDB. So a Premier League midfield, of course, we already know the team of the year. We don't know all the stats yet. I know that Giorginho's card looks really saucy, but I don't even know all the stats. I don't even know if those are leaked or not, but we will be seeing those today as a part of Sunday content in this game. And finally, the hero player pick that we all have been talking about. I thought he was going to release it as a coin sink last week. Evidently, the hero player pick is coming today on Sunday. A repeatable hero player pick. So we'll talk about that a little bit again. I know a lot of you guys have been prepared for that and I think some hero prices will react on the market today. Of course, because of that other things to expect today, lightning rounds and we have some prime icon SBCs that we might be seeing as well. So we're going to talk about all of that today for what to expect today on Sunday in FIFA 22. And also take a look back at yesterday. As again, EA dropped some pretty good content yesterday with the Lucas Paqueta SBC five-star skill move upgrade and the 81 times 11 pack that was part of the game. So if you're enjoying the videos on the channel, make sure to hit a thumbs up and of course, subscribe if you are new. Now, the cards that we're seeing today, it's no surprise who we're getting, right? EA, of course, showed us the team. Now, what we don't exactly know are the stats. And I'm actually surprised that they haven't been tweeted out yet. And if they have, then maybe I've missed them. But all I know is that Georgino's card looks really, really good. I mean, we could guess that he looked really good based off of the upgrade. I mean, 97 rated. He is one of the highest rated cards inside of the team of the year.  I think it's key for Georgino today that he gets that four-star skills, four-star weak foot that would help him out tremendously in terms of becoming a usable FIFA item. But I mean, regardless of whether he's four-star, four-star or not, the stats on this card, evidently, if he's a 97, he's going to be insane. So look out for that card today. Of course, Conte is a card that a lot of people are excited for. Of course, Conte is just an absolute beast in this game at all times.  So you're going to probably have mid to high 80s pace, 90 dribbling, mid 90s defense, low 90s physicality. Hopefully they boost that passing up a decent amount and shooting because Conte team of the years of years past have been absolutely incredible. And then Kevin, KDB, Kevin De Bruyne is the last item today, 96 rated. So hopefully I just, I just hope that EA give him a big pace boost, right? We had the team of the year that last year had 84 pace. I'm really hoping that they maybe give this year's KDB a little bit more. He's got 80 pace on his signature signings card already. I hope for like 87. I know it may, that might be a bit, you know, too much, but I would love for a really big boost on a KDB team of the year today in this game. So that's pretty high, right? 3D brand new team of the year cards coming into packs. The attackers are going to be out of packs and they will not return to packs until probably Thursday or Friday. Whenever the full team of the year is going to be released. But just like the attackers where we expect the mids today to be released for a two day time period from now Sunday until Tuesday, the midfielders would be in packs on this game. So a lot of people today, if they have saved up midfielder packs might be going out and starting to rip a few of those on this game today. So, you know, a lot of people have been doing attacker packs, attacker packs, you know, some of those like the 81 times 11 that we had yesterday. A lot of people were opening those. Now you might see some people opening midfielder packs today. I'm very curious to see what the prices are like for the midfielders starting out of the gate today because I feel like, yes, there are people that are excited, but it's not a promo Friday and you've got, I'm sure the EA on Friday got a lot of people to open their saved packs. So the supply for the Mbappe Messi and Lewandowski probably came in a little bit extra hot, right? Because a lot of people open safe packs. I know there's going to be lightning rounds today. I know there's going to be people that will open some packs, but I feel like it's going to be less than it was on Friday. So maybe your midfielders will be a little bit more expensive today. Not saying that they're going to be all like five million coins, but all I'm saying is that some of your midfielders, like maybe KDB, Kante, and Georginho, don't exactly get really low that first night, kind of like Mbappe Messi and Lewandowski did. They might have kind of different market movements where they're slowly falling throughout the two days that are in packs. We'll have to see. That, of course, always depends on what content EA released, but just a quick word about team of your attackers as well.  You know, there's definitely a possibility that a couple of these cards could bounce back up in price in the coming days. Messi right now, I believe, is like four or five. I mean, it's not showing me the card yet. Four or five, nine, five. He might have just jumped back up a little bit in price as he's kind of getting rare again in the evening. Now they're still running the lightning rounds, but the search right now, EA really needs to add the quality filter for team of the year in here. It's getting really annoying and it's not helping people on the game find cards because we can't find the cards. It's really, really hard to find the cards on the market unless you like compare price on item. So hopefully they can fix that up. But I'm really curious to see the price of these team of your attackers if they will rebound a little bit. I feel like Mbappe, I mean, all three of them technically might bounce up a little bit. I think it depends a little bit on the midfielders today, of course. If the midfielders come out and Georgino looks cracked, Conte looks cracked, and KDB looks really good. You might see some people sell a Messi, sell a Lewandowski, or a Mbappe to go try out the brand new team of the year. So watch out for a little bit of that too. But I still think you'll see a Messi, Mbappe, and Lewandowski just, you know, nudge up a little bit of price, right? Like I sold Mbappe yesterday. The one that I bought last night, we showed it on the video for 4.34. I was able to sell it for 4.77 for a nice chunk of change. That was a pretty good trade that we had yesterday. That was a lot of fun too, right? It hits different to flip a four million coin card, make profit, and to trade with the best player in the game. It just feels good, right? So that was kind of nice, but Messi's probably not going to get to that 4.3 mil range. So if you're looking to buy any of these team of the year attackers for like a longer time period for your team, I would definitely hold off on these until the full team is in packs later on this next week. So that's just kind of my thoughts on some of the team of the year prices on this game. I'm really curious to see how the midfielders get dropped into packs today. But speaking of the content today again on Sunday, that hero player pick is going to be a massive piece of content that a lot of people are looking for today because this is going to impact not just, you know, the upper echelon, right? The upper echelon, what I mean by that is players that have millions of coins that can, you know, buy a team of the year player like these guys that are getting released. But of course, as not everybody in this game has that many coins and as a lot of people love repeatable slash gamble SBCs, especially player picks. We have a big time SBC with that hero player pick. Finally, it is leaked to be dropping today on Sunday. So the questions start to arise again for some of these hero cards like Cordoba, like Ginola. These card prices have maintained pretty stable levels. Ginola is just over a million coins. I mean, think about all the packs that have been opened in the past three days now with all the lightning rounds and saved up packs and stuff like that. You know, Ginola was as low as like 980K on the PlayStation. He went all the way back up to like 1.05. I feel like there is some more panic selling number one and once the hero player pick arrives today, you're going to see some people sell this card. So if you have some heroes, I would be careful with them today because I do think that they could drop in price a little bit, all of them, especially your top tier cards, right? I'm way off on Dean Natali's price. Is he like 270, 280? Dean Natali has rebounded back decently then. He's like 280, 290. So, you know, Dean Natali at his lowest was like 250, 260. Ginola was 980, Cordoba has still been around 400. So I would watch all of these top tier heroes today because I think there is an opportunity at least for them to drop down in price because there's still going to be lightning rounds today so they'll get supplied. But more of the panic selling will happen after people see that player pick. So just be careful with those. But I feel like there might be a buy window depending on how big the drops are on each of these cards. There's probably going to be a buy window for some of them in that panic sell. Now, speaking of the player pick itself, people love player picks, right? We talked about in yesterday's video how much that icon player pick impacted SBC fodder, right? When that SBC went from 600,000 coins all the way back up to 720K of value because people went out and bought these higher tier fodders to go and do that SBC, now fodder is still up, right? Especially after yesterday with the 81 times 11 SBC, you have 84s and 85s specifically have really gone up a lot in price. Take a look at this, right? 84s were 100 points on the index, spiked to 200 now back down to the 170 range because EA is still running lightning rounds like constantly. I think right now it's like 3AMUK or 2AMUK and they're still running lightning rounds on this game. Not that all the packs are being ripped and opened but people love lightning rounds and there's always people that are on FIFA opening packs with FIFA points and they have more incentive to do that when the lightning rounds are out because that just gives you the feeling that they're gonna go away fast, fear of missing out and if you have FIFA points, you wanna open those, right? So there's constant supply on this market right now for SBC fodder but there's also a lot of demand, right? And some of these fodder prices have gone back up. Now 83s are still decently low but how much would a hero player pick cost? When we first talked about it earlier last week when we were expecting this SBC to drop then we kind of, you know, shouted the range of like 150k even though with a lot of these heroes being less than like 100,000 coins. I believe there's only four heroes that are above 100,000 coins at this time on this game. A lot of them are like fodder, right? And sorry to keep switching back and forth and everything from the game to footpeg but you've got Cordoba, Abedipale, Ginola and Dina Talei as the only four heroes that are over 100,000 coins. Robbie Keen is 84k, Joe Cole 59 and a lot of other stuff is 50k and below, right? As you take a look at all, basically all of these cards. So this SBC can't be super duper expensive because yes, there's not that many heroes to choose from but again, there's still, you know not a really good shot of getting one of the insane cards of the top four that everybody would want to get. So since it is repeatable it's probably going to be a bit overpriced because, you know, repeatable SBCs like the base icon player pick we see a lot of this stuff be overpriced. So I would maybe venture to say that a hero player pick today might be around 150k. Again, I do think that is too expensive but people are going to gamble for it because they could get Ginola, you know they could get this toward a player. So I think that'll cause some market movement today especially for a lot of people that maybe can't afford a brand new team of your item that might be coming onto the market. So that's going to be a big point of interest today probably going to make some fodder go up a little bit even higher. I keep an eye on your 86s actually now that I'm seeing these prices 86s are up a little bit but I think in the grand scheme of things these cards were what 10k at their absolute lowest what do they do on Friday? Friday they went down to 9.9, 10,000 coins. Yesterday they were kind of slowly rising peak and now they're back down. Maybe you look into 86s today because, you know, they could easily say like an 86 squad or, you know maybe if it's like an 85 rated squad with an inform, you know that might come in at around 100k I don't really know, right? It's going to be really we're going to be very curious to see how EA price a hero upgrade player pick SBC because there's so many options that are below 20k but then you still have a couple expensive options that are over 304,000 coins. So that's going to be a very interesting part of the market today but undoubtedly SBC fodder will be moving up because it's a repeatable pick and again with this market right now people have coins people have coins. That's why you're seeing a lot of prices continue to rise on this game.  Van Dyke headliners, right? There's even rumors of a flashback Varan in this game and this Van Dyke card is up 50k from where he was at his lowest more than 50k. He's up like I got one at 650 on Friday is a little bit of a snipe. So he's got he's up like 80k in price from where he was. You take a look across this game. A lot of player prices just keep rising because people have coins from opening packs. So they also have fodder from opening packs to go do SBC. So that's going to probably influence more people to go out on the market today and do a hero player pick repeatable especially that will have a little bit of a draw to it. So definitely watch out for that SBC today. Also there is a leak for two more prime icon SBCs to be dropped today in the names of Dalglish and Figo. So keep an eye if you are a Kenny Dalglish fan keep an eye on this card. He has been down a lot of course because people expect the SBC and of course icons just keep dropping anyway because why why would you use icons in this game when there's so many other special cards that are just as good if not better. I think that's how people are viewing icons in this game right now. Luis Figo is also supposed to get a prime icon SBC today. So all of that content today might just be what we get for a Sunday in FIFA Ultimate team. Now we've also been getting and yesterday we had the first one we had flash SBCs on Friday and then yesterday we got the first team of the year Challenge SBC which supposedly these are going to be like not flash SBCs anymore since it's available for two days but it's going to be a daily team of the year Challenge SBC coming out for the rest of team of the year. So daily pack SBCs that's cool right and again that's just EA putting some supply on the market and also getting people to go out and buy non-wear golds and silvers and whatever is needed for some these SBCs with different requirements for doing these sorts of SBCs and getting EA to maybe move those markets a little bit on this game. So just watch out for another one of those today. The other outside shot we might have at a piece of content today on Sunday would be the 12th man vote and I'm a little surprised that this has not dropped yet but I think today could be our day either today or tomorrow I would expect to see a 12th man votes and evidently from the leaks earlier on Muhammad Sala Christiane Ronaldo and Karim the dream Benzema are the three players that will be nominated for the vote. So just to keep that out there just wow a bunch of second owner Salahs right here all listed at 1.1 who's panic selling their Salahs my goodness anyways so watch out for that vote today or tomorrow sometime in the next few days because if it is a vote then of course you know it has to have a little bit of time to put a player out to get a dynamic image to create the card and of course something else is these days but that would that that 12th man would probably be released on Thursday or Friday with the full team being put into packs so I think that that would come very very soon so keep an eye out for that as well that's kind of our content for today of course I mentioned it earlier to lightning rounds right they're definitely going to keep running the lightning rounds today I would be shocked if they stopped at all because they're running lightning rounds around the clock again I said it's like 2am a UK time right now and they're they're still running 50k packs I think they run lightning rounds in the mornings now as well like midday morning time so yeah it's just lightning rounds around the clock it's like winter wild cards in Black Friday they're just pushing the packs because they know people are going to open them with these team of your cards that are in packs so that's kind of what I'm expecting today now I know that was a lot and we talked about it for a lot but there's a couple other things to look at on the market because yesterday was a pretty good SBC content to be completely honest Lucas Paqueta which we knew was coming now he got the actual moments card not a TOTS moments or a TOTS honorable mention and sorry not even TOTS team of the year he had a TOTS card last year that's where I'm thinking of but they boosted this guy's skill moves to five-star and that's got a lot of market movements happening Brazilian cards across this game are up because the price of this SBC is good and people can't turn down a five-star skiller that is almost Hullet gang with incredible dribbling stats and with League one being all the rage right now in this game with all of the links that so many people are using especially with the Brazilian links with Pato being out the Kaka SBC is great value we've had so many Brazil link hype SBCs or cards released in this game recently this Paqueta is all the rage right now FIFA 60 100 upvotes on footbin very very in-demand card I think it's the skill moves and the pretty solid boost that are doing this card you know getting it all hype right now inside of FIFA so it is a really really good looking card and honestly that my favorite part about this SBC is that it's out for like another 12 days so I'm going to probably end up crafting this through doing upgrade packs to the second half of team of the year since it's at a pretty low value it's going to be decently easy to craft and the best part about it is as well is that the SBCs don't have that high of chemistry take a look 60 55 50 so that means is going to be very very easy to craft and that's a dub right about this paquette the card if it doesn't suit you suit your team or you know you don't want to do it that's totally fine but everything about this is a W for me nice boost five skills is dope the forced a week but would have been nice but I'm not going to complain 80 defense would have been nice but I'm not going to complain at this price point it is a W now yesterday the SBC that probably got more people excited on the game was a gamble SBC 81 plus attacker upgrade now this this actually expires today as well because we've had of course the attacker midfielder and defender version of these all added to the code I don't know if that 81 plus times 11 for midfielders would happen today but I thought this SBC was great value as well coming in and I believe like 30,000 coins I mean if you think about this you're getting 11 players all 81 plus and all from a specific range it's I did this SBC and I'm saving it for the full team to be impacts especially if there's going to be some is I think that is for a gamble pack right I'll a lot of times gamble packs like we were just talking about with the hero player pick and for the base I base mid player pick they're so overpriced right they're so overpriced because EA know that people are just sucked into these right but 30,000 coins for 11 players if you get like one walk out and a couple 84s or a couple 83s you know I know it's all attackers so you may not be able to use all 11 in an SBC and get chemistry you know do a squad of paquette or whatever but for a gamble pack SBC 30,000 coins as cheap as chips especially right now in this game and I know that fodder has gone up because of it like the 84s have gone up from 2000 coins like three three and a half K but I mean I thought this is a major dub you see 65% upvote I think it should be even 80% upvote because even if you don't want to do it right now I guess it's only out for you know the rest of today but that's a really cheap gamble and the attackers going to be out of packs if you wanted to open it today you could but saving it for the also full team in packs is not a bad shout so I just think that was a really I think it was a good gamble SBC I don't know just the 11 player aspect of it would really to me I like getting a lot of players instead of a gamble pack instead of just doing like an 81 plus times three you know they cost you 10 15,000 coins right or an 83 plus times three that cost you about you know 20K now you're getting one for 10,000 coins more that gets you 11 players instead of just you know three so I'm a fan of that that's a big GG in my opinion as well but again with the paqueta hype on the game yesterday a lot of Brazilian cards have exploded on this game I bought all of these Antony's and I sold them too early actually he's over 120K at the moment but I bought all these at 100,000 coins a piece because once I saw that card hit the market yesterday and hit the game I knew that a lot of Brazilian cards were going to be going up because that was a card a lot of people were going to plug and play in their week and league squads and you know you know I have to get some links too so Anthony's up at like 120 he was like 125 so that's why I say I sold a little bit too early but right now he's about 115 117,000 coins you know some other Brazilians that went up you know your simple green link to him would be Neymar Neymar was like 440 450 yesterday and he reached peaks right now he's down a bit but he reached peaks of like 480,000 coins so that was a big dub some of your other out-of-packs Brazilian cards like Marquinhos a lot of Marquinhos cards did really good yesterday this wrote the knockouts Marquinhos oh my gosh 850K for this card do I have one on my transfer targets I know I watched one yes 789 and I mean he was like 760 I believe early in the day this Vinny went from 530 to like 580 some of your Brazilian icons had pretty high spikes in price it looks like they're maybe back down a little bit like this Roberto Carlos was one too for a short time period this Ronaldinho was over a mill for a short time period as well so a lot of your Brazilian cards as if you look on the popular page I'm flipping have moved a lot now the flip side of this is to you had a lot of CDMs from League One Drop Gen Duzzi 305,000 coins he is down the signature signings Renato Sanchez is down as well so just keep an eye out for some of those some of them have bounced back a little bit but not a ton and I think it's just because there's a lot of people doing this paqueta card on this game of FIFA 22 so that's kind of what's happening today midfielders and packs keep an eye on the attackers because there's probably going to be some more movements from that and those cards going out of packs but it's a really great market to trade in right now right it's a really great market so if you see panic selling today on any of these popular cards Brazilian links League One links whatever it may be just keep an eye on the market today with that hero player pick because there might be some people that go and sell cards to do that SBC and you'll still see some stuff bounce back as people have coins right now in this game and you know they'll go back out and buy some of the cards that were in their teams like this Carlos Alberto is up to 640K that's up in price so definitely keep an eye out on this market today for some of that because there should be a little bit of panic I think that also could bring a potential rebound in this game as well so another little bit of a long video today I apologize for the longer videos there's a lot to talk about right now on this game because this team of the year and there's a lot going on so if you enjoyed this video smash the thumbs up on a comment below if you have any questions and subscribe if you're new it's been Nathan Foot account and I'll catch you guys later peace out