Throughout the past month of the channel, we've been focusing on the grand living room That's what I'm calling this because there are two living rooms in this duplex that I'm converting into a single-family home We restored the floors I pulled off the mantle and turned this into the original fireplace went through three lime wash colors and two paint colors until I finally Settled on at Farrow and Balls old white which looks incredible Painted the fireplace and then got a couple of sconces hung up. So I think we're in a pretty good place So today we are going to attempt to install the doors stained glass doors Which I dropped once and broke also once not the time. I dropped it. I'm so scared. It's gonna fall. Oh my gosh I love it. I love it so much So doors been sitting for about two and a half three weeks since I ended up fixing it as you guys saw I reinserted some glass that I got cut down could not believe I found such a similar glass that fit with like the style Because it was such an old window panel still a little bit tacky However, you can install these day of if you glaze them properly. So that's what's happening today We are going to be attempting to install the same last doors. I picked up a couple of New brackets or the little like hinges hinges not brackets at Lowe's just your generic kind of door hinges that fit In the grooves of the previous because actually let me share with you guys what the previous hinge looked like This is a hinge right here. That's on at these doors now if you just look at it from here It kind of looks like a normal hinge, but this side is so thick and I think it's just because these doors are metal framed They're also triple-pane glass. So it's pretty heavy. So this is really really thick But I wanted to find a hinge that was this exact same shape on both sides So essentially this on either side so that we could install the doors as you would traditional doors And I do have to add about two inches of wood to the bottom of the door as well Which I want to try to match up to the stain that's on there. So we're just gonna have to see how this goes I think we're gonna start off firstly with adding the wood So the stained glass doors that I bought were the proper width, but they were not the proper height So I actually needed to add some wood to the bottom of the doors, but I wanted to make it look like it was not added I want it to really look seamless So I just measured out the width of each of the doors now for the wood that I'm using This is actually a two by three piece of wood that I stacked a quarter inch piece on top of I sandwiched those together and pressed Them for a couple of days with some wood glue and then I cut it down to the width of the door So that was like the perfect sizing for my door I didn't really share that process just because everyone's door is gonna be different and mine was kind of a special case because I just Needed to add some height to it So I actually use my pocket hole jig and I find this to come in so handy I didn't have one of these for the longest time, but I highly suggest investing in one of these I will link it in the description box because you don't only have to use it with like the actual diagonal pocket hole method You could actually just use it as a drill bit and create pocket holes in anything like I did on the bottom of this door So I just drilled the holes and then I just screwed in some two inch Screws all the way across the bottom for a nice secure bond on that door and then once I was done with that I actually brought the door outside to give it a good sanding So I just wanted to make the top surface nice and smooth and flush with the original door That way when I go in with the stain on the bottom. It just matches up Brought the doors back inside and then I just laid them side by side because these were actually originally window panels They were not stained glass doors They just happened to be the size of a door that I'm turning into doors So I wanted to figure out which one I wanted on the left which one I want another right So I created the placement for that and this is what it was looking like We have the doors placed next to each other We added the additional length that we needed at the bottom and it is so nice and just clean and flush We also mounted it extremely sturdy. So those are going to be great and I'm very happy with the process so far So now what we need to do is remove one of these stained glass doors That's on here so that we can get the placement for the hinges because we're going to be using the same frame that was Used for these doors. So I want to find the hinge placement so that we could put them in the exact spots Okay, we're doorless The actual heaviest door I've ever held in my life. They're probably like 150 to almost 200 pounds a door I don't know. They're just super heavy So I actually ended up transferring the hinge placement from the previous doors onto the new ones Just using a ruler and then I traced the bracket shape on because we're gonna need to router these out And I picked up a router attachment for my Dremel actually if you guys didn't know they had this they do and it's like 30 bucks I just did one of these off-camera and look how good the hinge fits. It's like perfectly flush This process is a little hard to share because it happens like within the tool But basically there's kind of like a drill bit that also eats away at the wood And it just kind of drops lower than that plastic bit and we're routering out the hinge shape So I just did this to an eighth of an inch so our hinge can fit in there I Used a small drill bit to drill a couple of pilot holes across this hinge here And then I used the screws that it came with to screw those in Time to install the first door I was a little nervous about this but the size of the door was spot on and I just felt good the hinges were in the Right spot so I started to drill those in or screw them into the side of the door I did have to go through and actually add a couple of additional holes for the hinges to fit properly And then we went through and just did a little bit of initial sanding because this first door as we closed it Didn't properly close and I wish I freaking got this on camera. I don't know how I didn't but I didn't Installing the second door But the camera was outside during this so when we went to shut the second door I didn't get like an actual reaction, but it actually shut pretty good I mean look at that it was still a little bit stuck But I will say that the tops of the doors kind of had this weird angle of wood that we had to sand off So that's what I got into doing right there was sanding. We did quite a bit of sanding I would say probably about two hours of sanding on this door Just to ensure that it would close properly and everything would line up and we still had space for our weather stripping because we want to Ensure no rain it gets in these doors, of course So I actually got some weather stripping at Lowe's and I lined the entire door the insides of them at the tops The lefts and the right sides and it worked absolutely perfectly. Good morning everybody It has been an interesting past couple of days because I actually got really sick on Tuesday So we started installing the same glass doors on Monday and I got pretty sick on Tuesday like midway through the day I was like, oh my gosh I'm feeling so congested and just like run down and then I ended up just taking the rest of the day off on Tuesday And then Wednesday and Thursday. I was down bad Like I was in my bed the entire day morning tonight So I think it's a weather in Los Angeles It also ended up raining last night and you guys kind of saw where we left off the doors The great thing was is that we actually out of the weather stripping right before and it rained not one drop of water Got in the house, which is incredible It rained all last night for like probably 10 hours or so got the hardware on the door this morning And then Justin actually came over one day that I was sick and he ended up working in here He sanded around the doors and got them to open and close perfectly We just need some like very finicky sand work You know like where you have to really just get these tiny little edges off to make them open close nicely And then we added the weather stripping which was great added all the hardware this morning Which looked a little something like this and I kind of wanted the handles to be substantial Yet still a little bit delicate and then I got this latch actually when I got the doors and then this surface bolt I also got when I got the doors from Pasadena architectural salvage So I found the placement of the first handle and I drilled a couple of pilot holes And then I used these screws that came with it They're just like flat head screws and I just screwed those and they looked really nice in the end And then did the right handle as well. We did the lock and then also the surface bolt The only thing that's kind of challenging is these doors are hard to share just because it's a little backlit But look we have workable doors. Hello world Goodbye world Can you just lock it back up and then latch it at the bottom? we're working on the built-ins and I need to figure out the proper shelf placement of what I want to do because I am gonna have the one tilted front shelf Which is gonna have books across it and we're also gonna be adding some lights in the shelf So there's gonna be like a little picture light right about here So I'm thinking of eliminating this shelf because we just don't need her I think the skinny section too is like what your eyes drawn to in this whole entire bookcase So I think kind of creating larger chunks will be nicer We can't do this one and we can't do this one So we only have these two that can be moved look how great these picture lights are that I got I found these at world market and they were $60 a piece Which I thought was such a bargain for a picture light because even on Amazon They were kind of more pricey and I couldn't find what I love on Amazon So picked up these I got four of them and I got them in storage, which was great, but I think they're gonna go What do we think? I think yeah, like it looks can you hold it like that looks like pretty like that also take some more space True. Oh, it looks so much better like that So we have the shelves in order over here I want to share with you guys this really pretty trim that I picked up for the doors now This is called egg and dart trim and we actually looked this up And it was a pretty common trim style used like in the turn of the century So it should work in a lot of different styles of homes and I just think this is gonna be so beautiful It's gonna be stained dark like the wood on here And then we're going to use it to of course trim up these areas because right here We just have a gap from where we removed the previous trim and there is like full-on gap filler in here So we want to hide that and give a nice decorative border to this Retrimming your door is actually pretty simple So all you're gonna start off by doing is measuring the width of your door and then marking that onto your trim And you're gonna want to mark that on the side of the trim That's actually going closest to the door or closest to the window or closest to whatever you're Retrimming and then you're gonna miter out from there So that's gonna give you the perfect direction each time and you're just gonna want those corners to be cut on 45 degree angles that way when they meet up it creates a 90 degree for our perfect squared-off door So I'm adding the piece of trim on the right side here and because we have that surface bolt That's going to kind of be interfering with the trim I actually had to sand out a pretty large chunk from the trim that's going on the bottom That way the surface bolt still has a place to go Actually cut one of the pieces of trim wrong So I didn't have a long enough piece to span the entire bottom section So I had to kind of meet these pieces up But because we're standing it dark in the end it actually looked really great You can't even tell Trims on our doors and I want to start working on the lighting in here I think I shared with you guys already these really great little lights that I got from World Market They were like 60 bucks each So I want to kind of figure out the placement in all of these And I think we're just gonna use one of these spare shelves here Because we have a couple extras and just kind of create a template and then follow that same template for all four bookcases I think it's tiny bit higher than that I would go a tiny bit higher I think it's higher This is an extra shelf from our bookcases that we created a template out of So I ended up marking the exact center point of the scones that we're adding or the picture light And so I'm just gonna transfer this into our bookcase We also created two little marks on the sides Which we're using in alignment with these holes to kind of use as markers So I'm just holding that right to there And then transferring this measurement to the wall Well, there's our placement So on the back side of the bookcases we just have some scrap wood And we're gonna be putting on some liquid nails And then just kind of taking this And then popping it on the back here So when we screw in it actually has something to grip on to So our light's gonna be more so connected to this And then all of this is gonna give us some nice surface space to actually grip to I used some half inch screws to secure these because the backing of these Ikea Billy bookcases Are really only like an eighth of an inch thick of that kind of cardboard material So the wood on the back is going to act as more of a surface for this light So a question that I kind of had when I thought about putting the lights in these bookcases Was how are we gonna turn them on? How is the electrical gonna work? Because I don't want to have to go up to every single one and either twist something I want it to feel like it's actually electrically wired into this bookcase that's going to act as a built-in So these are the fun things I found on Amazon Now this is like a wireless electrical light switch I guess So essentially this has an on and off button on it And then this plugs into the wall And so what this does is it actually connects up and pairs with this via signals And you can basically turn this on and turn it off and it activates this plug So if I turn it on this plug would then turn on whatever is plugged into it If I turn it off it turns it off and I've tested it a couple of times It actually works really great and we even tested it all the way going back in my room And it was working turning on and off and this is like 10 bucks So what we are going to be doing is plugging this into the wall Plugging in a surge protector to this on the side that we have multiple that we can go from And then wiring each of the lights that are in each bookcase to a power cord and plugging it in So we're basically kind of rewiring the sconces to be plugged in sconces And then plugging them into here and then we're going to be able to control them from here Does that make sense? If it doesn't I will share with you guys so let's get started So for this project I'm going to need four extension cords Now these are 15 foot extension cords I got at Lowes But you can also get extension cords that are already cut Now we're going to actually have to cut these ones because these are 15 feet They're going to be going on the right bookshelves But on the left bookshelves they have these 8 foot ones which are power sources on the left So we're able to get away with shorter ones And these ones actually already have the wires exposed So we're going to be wiring up the light to these wires here Plugging it in to the surge protector And then on these ones we're actually going to have to cut away this section So cut it right about here and then expose the wires like this And then wire from there So either or, whichever you could find, this one definitely is easier But if you don't have that option you could totally use actual extension cords We are going to need a hole for our electrical So I just drilled that right through the center And then we're going to string our electrical through the backside of the bookcase And out through the front These wires are actually what you're going to be connecting up your light with So this is a hard wired sconce And what we're essentially kind of turning it into is a wired sconce So what you could purchase as a wired plug-in sconce is what we're creating Oh my god it's working! It's freaking working! Just dangling here you guys, let's see if it works Like imagine this is just mounted on the side And then all of the lights are going to be connected It's so cool! This is the coolest thing I've ever bought And it was $10 You know I'll be linking it You know I'll be linking it Wow Oh! That is an on display book That is a gorge So here is this end and you basically just cut it off And then inside is the same three wires that were exposed on the previous one But this one's longer so we're going to put these on the right side So I'm just going to kind of snip this down and then expose these wires I use this wire stripper tool to remove the plastic Or the little coating on the outside of the wire But if you don't have one of these you can always just use scissors You just have to be careful and only cut away like very small sections And then leave the wire in the center Alrighty so we have all four of our lights And this is a moment of truth Can you believe this is controlling that? And then what I'm going to do with it is probably Just like either mount it on the outside or maybe on the inside somewhere You can also put this right next to your light switch too Like my light switch is right here So I woke up today so a little congested And I did the staining on the doors and it looks so good on the trim I am going to just leave it or the tape on there just for one more day Because I might want to stain it one more time And double stain to deepen it a little bit more tomorrow So I'm going to see how it looks once it fully dries down I'm going to give it a day But that is today's video I hope that you guys loved it You can get a little sneak peek of the coffee table right there Which just came in I'm so excited about that We're going to have to DIY a little bit of that But I will catch you guys in our next one Which we are going to be installing all the bookcases Trimming them all out and painting them Like giving them that built in look Which is finally going to complete like all the walls in the living room And then we can get to decorating This room is going to be done like within the next like week and a half, two weeks I'm feeling it I think we're going to be able to do it So make sure to subscribe to watch the process And I'll catch you guys in the next one Bye


Let's talk about charge distributions. Charge distribution basically means collection of charges. So it is collection of charges. And you've actually dealt with them. For example, you may have dealt with situations where you're given there is a, I don't know, maybe a plus one nano-coulomb chart somewhere. And there's a minus five nano-coulomb chart somewhere. And then you are asked to do maybe calculate the force between them or ask to calculate the electric field somewhere. So this is a collection of charge. And so this is a charge distribution. But you know, this particular kind of charge distribution is called discrete charge distribution. What do I mean by that? What I mean is here you can count and you can say, ah, there is one charge over here and there is another charge over here and there are no charges in between. When you can count and you have such point charges, we call that collection a discrete charge distribution. But the focus of this video is the other kind, which I find more interesting. This is called continuous charge distribution, continuous. And let me immediately give you an example of that. So let's say we have a wire and let's imagine I charge up this wire and let's say it gets a positive charge. So now the positive charge will be continuously spread along this wire. Now I don't mean that there is a charge here and then there are no charges in between and there is a charge here. That's not what I'm saying. What I'm saying now is the charges are spread out. There's charge everywhere. This is what we call a continuous charge distribution. And do you know what's interesting about this? I can have that same wire and I can have that same amount of charge. Let's say this total charge is, I don't know, maybe 100 coulomb and I can distribute it continuously in a different way. For example, you know what I can do? I can distribute it maybe somewhat like this. Now again, I don't mean that there are no charges in between. It's a continuous distribution. There are charges everywhere. And so the total charge here is the same as the total charge over here. But what's the difference? Well, the difference is the charges are more crowded over here and they are less crowded over here. That's what I'm representing. But over here, the charges are equally crowded everywhere. And that's why when we're talking about continuous charge distributions, this is an important quantity. How crowded the charges are? Are they uniformly crowded everywhere? Or are they more crowded at one place and less crowded at some other place? And that's why when it comes to continuous charge distribution, we introduce a new quantity called charge density. And you may have heard of the word density. The word density, sorry, the word density basically means how crowded something is. So when we say charge density, we're talking about how crowded the charges are. And then we're dealing with charge distribution over a line and we'll talk more about different kinds of distribution in a minute. Whenever we're dealing with that, the symbol that we use to represent charge density is the Greek symbol lambda. And this number basically tells you how crowded the charges are over a given length. And so the way we represent lambda or with the way we calculate lambda is we say how much charge is present over unit length. And I'll give you an example. But before that, let's talk about the units. What would be the units of charge density? Well, the unit of charge density would be coulomb per meter. So for example, I could say, hey, the charge density over here for this wire is 20 coulomb per meter. What does that mean? That means if I were to take one meter of this wire, and I don't know how long this wire is, but let's say it's a very long wire and I took one meter of this, in that one meter I would find 20 coulombs of charge. That's what this means. And I can take that one meter anywhere and I'll find 20 coulombs. The charge density over here is a constant because it's equally crowded everywhere. So what if I take two meters of length? How much charge would I find over there? Well, per meter is 20, so in two meters I'll find 40 coulombs of charge. If I take half a meter, how much charge would I find over there? Well, I would find 10 coulombs of charge. Does this make sense? Do you understand what charge density is? Okay, what about charge density over here? Can I give one number for charge density over here? No, because the charge density varies. You have a, you can kind of say there's a very high charge density over here and there's very low charge density over here. And how do I represent that? How do I figure, how do I give a number to it? The way to give a number over here is you could say, you could take a very tiny, very tiny length and let's say that length is, I don't know, maybe a nanometer, okay? Take a very, very tiny length and in that length find out how many charges are present. Maybe in that one nanometer I find, I don't know, maybe 50 nanocoulombs of charge. Now I will say at that point, lambda, which is our charge density, is 50 nanocoulombs divided by one nanometer. So that would be 50 coulomb per meter. And now what's interesting is this does not mean I take one meter and I'll find 50 coulombs. No, this basically says at that point, you will find if you take the charge and divide by length, that ratio turns out to be 50. So this is the value at that point. Similarly, if I were to take maybe at this point, I take one nanometer over here and I'm just using nano as an example. You imagine it's a very incredibly tiny, tiny point, tiny distance you're taking. In that one nanometer, maybe I'll just find only two nanocoulombs at this point. So we will say the lambda at this point would be two nanocoulombs divided by nanometer. It would be two coulomb per meter. So over here, how do you calculate charge density? Well, we calculate charge density lambda by taking very tiny lengths, dL. That's how you write it mathematically, even though I've shown using real numbers over here, but mathematically it's an infinitesimal length and over that, you find how much charge is present and that ratio tells you the charge density at individual points. So if the charge is uniformly distributed, then whether you take it at a point or you take it over a large length, that value stays the same and that's pretty much about charge distribution. But now you could ask, wait a second. Here, charges were distributed over a line and so we like to call this a continuous line charge distribution and therefore this density, we like to give it a name, we call this linear charge density because it's telling you how much charge is distributed over a line, over a meter, right? So this is one kind of charge distribution. Are there other kinds of charge distributions? The answer is yes. And if you got this, then the rest of it's very similar. So let me show you another kind. In fact, there are three kinds. So the second one, let me just write over here or let me do that over here. In fact, let me do that over here. Second one would be surface charge distribution. Surface charge distribution. And you can kind of imagine just by looking at the word. Now, instead of charges being distributed over a line, we have charges distributing over a surface. So you can imagine, let's say this is some kind of, I don't know, maybe a metallic plate or you can imagine this is a surface of a balloon. What do you want? And let's imagine now there is, there are charges everywhere on the surface. And again, it's continuous, the charge is everywhere. This is what we call a surface charge distribution. And we have the same nuances like we saw over here. You could either have distributions which is uniform. So the density would be the same everywhere or you could have non-uniform. But my question is, how would you define charge density here? Here it was charged per length, coulomb per meter. What would we be over here? What would be the units? Can you pause and think about it? Well, over here, since we had charges are distributing over an area, here we introduce surface charge density and the symbol we use is sigma. And surface charge density is just charge divided by area. So the unit over here would be coulomb per meter square. So for example, if I said this was a uniform charge distribution and let's say sigma is, I don't know, maybe 10 coulomb per meter square. What am I saying? What is the meaning of that? It means if I go anywhere on this surface and if I take, let's say, one meter square area, I'll find 10 coulombs of charge on it. But if I take two meter square area, then I'll find 20 coulombs of charge on it and so on and so forth. And lastly, the third and the final kind of charge distribution, I'm just like, I've not arranged this very nicely. But the third kind would be volume charge distribution. And again, I'm pretty sure you can kind of guess what this is. Now charges are distributed in space, in 3D space. So you can kind of imagine, let's say there's a box and let me draw a cube type, a cube over here, a cuboid over here. Maybe this is my room. Yeah, my room is cuboid, I think. Anyways, now I imagine there are charges everywhere inside in 3D space. This is volume charge distribution. And exactly the same thing holds here. You can either have uniform charge, charges uniformly distributed over a volume, or you can have them non-uniformly distributed over a volume. And again, the question is, how do you define a charge density over here? Can you think? Well, since it's spread over a space, here we define charge density as, and the symbol we use is rho. I think these symbols is something you need to remember. But with the way we define it over here would be charge per volume. And the units would be coulomb per meter cubed. And just like before, if you are dealing with non-uniform charge distribution, then you have to do DQ over DV. At every point you would have different volume charge distributions. So let's put it all together. Let's put this all in one screen. Let me, all right. So if you put it all together, continuous charge distribution is basically when charges are spread out continuously, you can have them spread out over a line, or a surface, or over a volume. And one of the most important quantities is charge density. It tells you how crowded charges are distributed over a line, over a surface, or over volume. If the value is a constant, which is my favorite, then that means it's a uniform distribution. If the value is not constant, it changes at different, different points, then you'll have to use differentiations. Then it means that charge density, charge distribution, it's not uniform. It's varying. At some points you have more crowdedness compared to some other points.


one. For those that may have somewhat lost sight of the distinction between opposing the Democrats and supporting Trump, yes, I am shamefully guilty of this. Do you have any specific objective reading suggestions from Trump detox? I mean, go back and listen to all my shows during the during the Trump presidency. I would go back and read Ayn Rand's writing from the 1960s and 70s. So read her essays on politics, read her approach to politics, how she dealt with ideas. I mean, most of the time she criticized the left, but how she criticized the left? In what way she did it? The kind of argument she made. And then look at how she criticized, for example, JFK for his pragmatism. And then think about to what extent was Trump even more pragmatic than JFK? What would she have thought of Trump if he was more pragmatic than JFK? If she had such a low view of pragmatism when it came to JFK, what would a view of pragmatism be when it came to Trump who was much more of a pragmatist? Read Ayn Rand's political analysis from the 60s, and you can find that in collections in the voice of reason, in a philosophy who needs it, and then in those big news letter, the objectivist, the Ayn Rand letter, that you can still buy, right? So, I mean, yeah, think about the fact, read what Ayn Rand had to say about why she wasn't voting for Ronald Reagan. The fascist new frontier, that's a good one, where she talks about, and she talks about why it's fascism. It's not really socialism, communism that we're heading towards. It's fascism. But, you know, read why she didn't vote for Reagan. Why is she kind of like Ford, even though Ford was a, I mean, it was like a Republican Biden. Ford was a Republican Biden, I think. He was a middle-of-the-road. He wasn't particularly conservative. He was a compromiser, but a decent man who was, spent his life in politics, who was governing from the middle, and was generally, you know, anti-government involvement. And he was not a religious, he wasn't super religious, and that's what she liked about him, vis-a-vis Republican. So, read Ayn Rand. That's, that was, that's the best detox I can think of in terms of detoxing from, from Trump. What we need today, what I called a new intellectual, would be any man or woman who is willing to think. Meaning, any man or woman who knows that man's life must be guided by reason, by the intellect, not by feelings, wishes, whims or mystic revelations. Any man or woman who values his life and who does not want to give in to today's cult of the stare, cynicism, and impotence, and does not intend to give up the world to the dark ages and to the role of the collectivist. All right, before we go on, reminder, please like the show. We've got 163 live listeners right now, 30 likes, that should be at least 100. I figure at least 100 of you actually like the show. Maybe they're like 60 of the Matthews out there who hate it, but, but at least the people who are liking it, you know, I want to see, I want to see a thumbs up. There you go. Start liking it. I want to see that go to 100. All it takes is a click of a, a click of a thing, whether you're looking at this, and you know the likes matter. It's not an issue of my ego. It's an issue of the algorithm. The more you like something, the more the algorithm likes it. So, you know, and if you don't like the show, give it a thumbs down. Let's see your actual views being reflected in the likes, but if you like it, don't just sit there, help get the show promoted. Of course, you should also share and you can support the show at youronbrookshow.com slash support on Patreon or Subscribestar or locals and, and show your support for all, for, for, for the work, for the value, hopefully you're receiving from this.  You'll know what shows are on, when they're on. You'll get notified. Right? So, yes, like, share, subscribe, support. Like, share, subscribe, support. There you go. Easy. Do one or all of those please.


So, let's do the second Heisenberg uncertainty example. So this one says a baseball of mass 0.15 kilograms thrown at 100 miles per hour has a momentum of 6.7 kilograms meters per second. If the uncertainty in measuring this momentum is 1.0 times 10 to the negative seventh of the momentum, calculate the uncertainty in the baseball's position, okay? So the only thing they give you are the momentum and the measurement uncertainty of the momentum. So remember that any time you're looking for the actual uncertainty of something, right, in this case the momentum, it's going to be the uncertainty of that measurement times the value. Okay? So in this case it's going to be the uncertainty and P is 6.7 kilogram meter per second, so that means this is 6.7 times 10 to the negative seventh kilogram meters per second. Okay? So that's going to be the uncertainty in the momentum. Okay? So, well, we want to figure out, well, what's the uncertainty in position? So, what's that? Okay? So what do we need to do? Yeah? For that formula. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. So alright, the only thing that we need to know is H that's Clanx concimics given to us right. So 6.636 times 10 to the negative 34 joule seconds. Okay? So remember also the conversion between joules kilogram meter squared per second square, In order to do these problems, it's easier if you rearrange this to be like one joule second squared is one kilogram inverse squared, okay, that would be just, it just be, okay. So we'll figure out what's the minimum uncertainty in the position, so 6.636, and it stands to the negative 34 joule seconds. So we're going to do our conversion, joule second squared, one kilogram meter squared, divide that by 4 pi, and then the uncertainty in momentum, 6.7 times 10 to the negative 7 kilogram meters, alright, like that, okay. So let's cancel our units, hopefully we're going to get meters at the end, okay, so joules cancels with joules seconds, with one of the seconds, kilograms with kilograms, meters with one of the meters, and the other second with the other second. So all we have to do now is just plug in our numbers, okay, so let's do that together. So I get to two significant figures, 7.9 to the negative 29, so that is so tiny, okay. So it's so small that for something as big as the baseball, you can't, it's imperceivable, that wavelength, okay. So this number is so tiny that we'll usually use, not quantum, not usually use quantum mechanics on these big items, okay. Questions on this one?


Hello everyone, I'm Shivani and in this video we'll be addressing a common concern that many of us have faced at some point. Losing precious photos and videos. Whether it's accidental deletion, a formative disk or a corrupted storage device, losing photos and videos can be devastating. But worry not, as advanced disc recovery software is here to help you recover deleted, lost or damaged photos and videos on your Windows computer. So let's dive in and see how to use it. Download and install advanced disc recovery on your Windows computer. You will also find the download link in the description below. Once launched, in the areas to be scanned for deleted files and folders, select the areas that you wish to scan for deleted files and folders. Then select drive to recover and click on start scan now. Now from here you can select the type of scan. I recommend going for the deep scan as it increases your chances of recovering lost files. Now allow the software to complete the scanning process. This might take a bit of time. Once the scan is complete, you will see the list of all your deleted files. You can also preview the files before recoving them. Then select the files you want to recover and click on recover. Select a location where you want to store the file or folder after recovery and click on the okay button. Wait for the process to get completed and click on finish. Now you can easily find all your recovered files at the location you selected. Easy right? If you found this video helpful, give it a big thumbs up and don't forget to subscribe for more tech tips.


Good afternoon. I'm Dr. George Nahas. I want to talk to you about something that is exciting to us here at VenoCure. There is a device called Loop Recorder. This technology actually was introduced several years ago to monitor cardiac patients, to see if they have any arrhythmias, if they have fibrillation in the heart that causes strokes, because a lot of those arrhythmias don't happen continuously. They come and go. We call it paroxysmal. So it's almost impossible sometimes to catch it on the usual monitoring devices. We call them halter monitors or event monitors. So this device is a little tiny chip, literally this much, and very skinny and thin, and we are implanting them now in the office under local anesthesia, right in the chest here. We actually injected under the skin through tiny little cut, about a centimeter cut. We used to do it strictly in the hospital, but it was recently approved to be done right in the office. So this device stays in the body for two to three years. We have three campaigns that make it, and we use all three of them. But the device is very small and very helpful to patients' care, because then we can access the device information to remote monitoring with a little cell phone that we provide to the patient. They put at the butt side, and every time they get within 15 feet of that cell phone, it automatically transmits the data to a monitoring company that sends us the information. So there's a problem that happened, or electricity problem in the heart, or a arrhythmia, or the patient feels anything. We can access the information immediately without even the patient coming to the office. I just want you to know that this is an option right now at VenoCure, and myself and my partners are doing it for our patients. Thank you. Have a good day.


Hello and welcome. I am Mark Hughes with the Vermont Racial Justice Alliance. Welcome welcome welcome and I wanted to just take some time to get you familiar with who we are very briefly we will be having a conversation with you this afternoon about systemic racism here. The mission of the Vermont Racial Justice Alliance is to secure sustainable power ensure agency and provide security for American descendants of slavery while embracing their history and preserving their culture. I am the executive director. Again, welcome. What you can expect to hear from from me this afternoon is I'm going to give you a little bit of a breakdown on systemic racism. You'll walk away understanding better how to identify it and what to do about it. We're the, we're the idea come from turning the curve on systemic racism. You may not know but at a statewide level. Some of the policy work that we've been doing has led to a joint resolution from the legislature, which has declared racism as a public health emergency. So we decided to lift a campaign referred to as turning the curve on systemic racism, building back a healthier Vermont. Why might you ask that would we be talking about building back a healthier Vermont what we know is is that there are a lot of impacts that racism has on us and what we want to do here as we move through the the COVID crisis is we want to move on the other side of it with a with a mindset that we want to do do something better we're going to do something different because what we know is is that the virus laid bare a lot of the impacts of systemic racism within our community and across our state. Before I got started I wanted to share with you a statement that was made from the United Nations and this is a report of the working group of experts and people of African descent on its mission to the United States in 2016. And this is what it says it says there's a profound need to acknowledge that the transit glad the transatlantic trade in African enslavement, colonization and colonialism were a crime against humanity. And are among the major sources and manifestations of racism racial discrimination, Afro phobia, xenophobia and related intolerance, past injustice and crimes against American African Americans need to be addressed with Reparatory justice so I just wanted to start with that because, yes it is the United Nations, they're telling us something needs to be repaired here in the United States of America. They go on to say that in addition to above the working group urges the government of the United States of America to consider the ratification of the core international human rights trees to which the United States is still not a party with a view to removing any gaps in the protection and full enjoyment of rights there in it also encourages the United States to ratify the regional human rights treaties to review the to review the reservations related to the treaties that it has signed or ratified so I just wanted to share that because it's always good. Let's go let's get on the outside. Let's take a look at what folks are looking at, you know in terms of the United States from the outside in. So, quite often what we don't realize is is that there's, there is a another perspective we there are various competing perspectives of what's going on with this thing called systemic racism on the inside of the United States. Let's get an outside opinion so. So here we go just want to get into a working definition this is so important. This piece about this working definition of systemic racism is incredibly important let me tell you why this is at some another we have to come to terms with understanding with some of those core aspects or some of those, those, those core characteristics if you will, of systemic racism so we can arrive at an agreed upon definition so we know who we're talking about so we all agree that we're talking about the same thing. This definition from Joe Fagan and Kimberly do see from their book called races America is what we've settled on there are many. And you know I think that there are also some common characteristics though that that you will find here. We're going to unpack this for a few minutes. This is what it says it says systemic racism. It includes a complex array of anti black practices, the unjustly gained political economic power of whites. The continued economic and other resource inequalities along racial lines and the white racist ideologies and attitudes created to maintain and rationalize white privilege and power. And it goes on to say basically, it exists, if it exists anywhere exists everywhere. So again, unjustly political economic power. This is this is a complex array. The other thing is continuing economic and other resource inequalities around along racial lines. And then you got the racist ideologies and attitudes created to maintain and rationalize white privilege and power. Is this anywhere exists everywhere. So that is really what we're framing up here today so when we're talking about racism we're talking about systemic racism, you know, we must learn how to delineate over racism from systemic racism. And that's the topic of this conversation. I'm going to show you how we can, we can talk a little bit about its origins will tell you a little bit about where it came from. And we'll also talk about what we can do about it but first I want to give you just some, some major elements of systemic racism. What I want to understand is is where this leaves people of color is impoverished and where it leaves white people as being enriched so definitely there is that that disconnect that that delineation between, you know, where where's the money going. There's a vested group interest among white people, alienating racist relationships between white people and people of color. And as you see this systemic racism is actually causing overt racism in some ways, the cost in the burdens of racism are born on people of color, racial power of white elites, and then of course, you have the power ideas assumptions and world views that go along with this business of racism. And then finally, what you have is is your and you're always going to have is is you're going to have this resistance to racism, which is why we're here. See, so these are some like 10 of the common attributes that you're always going to, you're going to see. Let's talk about some impacts. What we'll do here is as well. What I did is just threw up on your screen out a census of the United States why am I starting here. The reason why I'm starting here is because what we know is is when we start with understanding the baseline of the demographics of our population. It helps us to better understand disparities as they exist across all systems. So we're going to come back to this as a baseline. What we see here is is that the black and African American percentage the population in the United States is roughly about 13.4% white alone, you see somewhere around 76.5%. We've got some breakouts down there. Asians at 5.9% Hispanics at 18.3%. So very important numbers to understand we just finished another census. These are estimated numbers, but we just finished another one. But these are these are good baseline numbers for us to be watching out for as we dig into the data, because if we're going to look at the impact that has been caused across all of these systems. It's important to understand what we're measuring it against. Let's talk a little bit about poverty and what we see here and this is according to the souls of poor folks this is an auditing auditing America this is from the poor people's campaign a national call for more revival. This these data came out over just the last few years, you see again, where blacks are poor about 63 per 60.3% or 25.9 million people we we know we see the top line of 140 million people. According according to the poverty line and they said may not necessarily be consistent with the one that the feds are using, but what we're looking at is we're looking at the poverty line consistently across all of these numbers. So what we see is is that this slide tells you one thing.  That's what we're that's what we're getting at here and the message and we'll get into it we'll get into that a little bit more but and what that really equates to is this and this alone is is what you see is is there is a wealth, a median household wealth. Disparity a median household wealth disparity and what you'll see there is as roughly and this is in 2016, where without durable goods, you see that the median wealth of a white household is 140 point $5,000. The median wealth of a black family is $3,400. So what we know and what we understand is is that there are massive wealth disparities wealth disparities here in the United States, and in Vermont. Here are some numbers from the public assets Institute, some of these data sources are from the also the census Bureau of the American Community Survey, 2018. But what we see here is is that there's also poverty disparities as well. Here are some outcomes in Vermont. So you might ask yourself why are we talking about. Why are we talking about all of these disparities why are we talking about, you know, this these numbers what so in order to understand this is systemic racism we must, you know, at the, what we first must do is is understand. Again, our population outcomes, but we also need to understand. But understanding on the disparities that are being created. So, we're going to talk a little bit a little bit about, you know, what all those disparities look like. And then after that we're going to go into maybe where they came from. So take a look here. What you see here is is you see that 52.2% of Vermont blacks were vast vaccinated with at least one dose. And that that white vaccination rate is at 61.5%. We see 37% of blacks and third graders proficient in the language where 50% whites are we see that there's 2.5 times black Vermont students receiving multiple days of suspension compared to their numbers.  Here's some telling numbers we started to top with the 1.5% residency here in Vermont of black folks. And then it goes in it goes on this you see here to median household income. There's a difference thereby with over 2023 or $24,000 unemployment rates, 4.4%, which is believe it or not, better than the national rates, because throughout all history the unemployment rate for blacks have been twice that white.  And here's a stark one that will just blow your mind and that is point 2% point 2% of Vermont farms are owned by black folks. That is all. So what we know is is that there are impacts that systemic racism has on black and brown folks and whether it is, you know, in education whether it is in unemployment, whether it is in health services. These numbers are collectively staggering and what I mean by that is is it would be okay, maybe not okay, but it would be maybe understandable perhaps, or maybe we could get our heads around it. If one of these things were true but remember in that definition that I laid down to you at the top of this conversation, if it exists anywhere. If it exists, it exists everywhere. In fact, it should be it would be troublesome if there were certain areas where it or most areas where it didn't. The reason why would be troublesome is because there'd be deeper issues, but, or, but what we have is broader issues. And that is is, you know, we have impact coming at the black community from all directions. You know, African Americans of descent, American descendants of slavery, you know, besides culturally, what we see is they're being impacted from the health services system. The income and wealth sector, the education sector, housing and land child development and youth safety and security so what we see is is systemic racism impacting black and brown folks, coming from all sides and obviously, also exacerbated by COVID-19. So that is the challenge. That's why we started this conversation from a health perspective. That's why we're talking about this being a health emergency. I want to talk a little bit about, you know, how we got where we are. And I think a lot of folks, you know, I think where we miss it is as we miss our national history, a lot of folks are telling us today don't talk about our national history. You know, we were, we were taught a lot about history in schools actually required. The fact is, is that we just weren't taught a lot about our true history. We weren't talk about, we didn't talk a lot about our complete history.  You know, lately we know that the 1619 story has emerged. We also understand, you know, our nation's history of slavery, the fact that we founded our nation and slavery that we defined whiteness in the House of Burgess in the early 1600s. And it was that definition that began to allocate resources across the United States.  You know, we can talk about Plessy versus Ferguson. There are many instances across our history, where we haven't done well but I like to kind of pick up in what they call a great compromise in 1877 because this was the fall of reconstruction. And what do we mean by that well most people don't know that after reconstruction that black folks in the United States had more political and economic power than they have had in all history to include today. In fact, there was a governor in Mississippi who was a black governor. There was the majority of the lower house of South Carolina's legislature was black. The majority of them, there were black business owners, black newspaper owners. There were black communities that thrive very well. We, you know, so these, this all, you know, the reconstruction 1314 15th amendment created created this and made it all possible in a lot of ways. What happened during that time because what we knew what we know is that the federal troops went in and occupied the south. They occupied the south because the former slave holders were pressing black and brown folks during that time and they wanted to ensure their freedom that there was a reparations settlement in the south, initially. But what happened is that was immediately taken back because President Lincoln Lincoln was killed before the war ended. And they began to immediately roll back some of these reparative processes but it definitely took reparations off the table and gave the land back to the folks who were in South Carolina and Georgia on the coastal shores. However, you know, reparations did continue to be. I would say the reconstruction did continue to thrive until 1877 with the Tilden, Rutherford behays election. There was a compromise where the Republicans who were the abolitionist party kept the White House. And I think the compromise was as they pulled the troops out of the south which caused, which caused the reconstruction to fall, it caused it to completely fall. In other words from somewhere around 1877 onward we took a U turn as a nation. And I think that's a lot of the history that we don't learn about we don't learn about the white backlash. We don't learn about the mass exodus of folks out of the south because of convict leasing because of sharecropping which is how my parents arrived in the north. We don't talk about the, the red Sunday or the, you know, the time frame around Black Wall Street or Wilmington, or we don't talk about the dozens and dozens of others across the United States at the turn after the turn of the century or the war, the, or the birth of the nation film in the White House under Woodrow Wilson, we don't talk about the redlining. We don't talk about the impacts of the GI bill, or even how the politically the Southern strategy has been used to pit us against one another and have us vote against our own best interests. We don't talk about, you know, how all of this has led to the white lash in the white nationalism that has occurred because it's never been resolved. So, it's important for us to take a look at how there has been a contiguous connection to the history, how there have been many things in our nation that have been left unresolved. That, that is to say at the close of the war. There was no reconciliation, the Civil War, there was no reparation, there was, there was no ideology, there was no, you know, it was, it was all put behind as it we were, we as a nation decided it was too painful or too troublesome or too political to deal with the issues at hand. So we move forward as a nation after 1965, which took us to 1877. So that 12 years. You know, although there was a great turn for this nation was probably the best 12 years at this nation has had because all the way up into the civil rights movement. We have been the nation has has has oppressed has has sought to oppress and to walk back. I should say or even make worse, the, the, the issue surrounding race in this nation. So it's been a constant fight every since we know that the civil rights era, you know brought did bring about some change but we know that we have we have since even lost a lot of ground since then. It's amazing that today that we're still talking about voter rights right now across the United States and we're seeing the again yet another backlash across the states. You know, I think if there's one thing for us to remember in this conversation and that is this, and that is to understand that the war of 1865 the Civil War itself. It is a point of demarcation it is a time in history that we must pay attention to. We must consider the outcomes of and consider the, you know, those things that were not resolved as a result of it. And I think that as we move into this next era, it, you know, if we are to continue to ignore what happened and did not happen during this time, we will never be able to realize and appreciate where it is that we're trying to go. I think it's really important for us as a nation also to understand the creation of wealth in this nation you know as we know we're talking about wealth if we're talking about systemic systemic racism. And what we know is is that from from the point in which white indentured servants were replaced with African slaves, and given the authority to actually oversee them or to, or to round them up. You know, all the way through the naturalization act, the Indian removal act, the homestead act which granted 270 million acres of land to white people. The, the, the alien land laws and many, many other governmental programs that provided access for white people to land, as well as to capital, following through through the Jim Crow laws and even the New Deal, as well as the GI Bill social security itself. The Wagner act which permitted non white exclusion, even the federal housing administration buys existence by by creating exclusionary loan eligibility as well as participating in redlining. You see federal subsidies for suburb for suburban neighborhoods where did the suburban neighborhoods come from. Well, the GI Bill provided for hundreds of thousands of GIs who returned from war, who are white, not black afforded opportunities to purchase homes in conjunction with the federal housing administration. What we see here is is all of this enabled the creation of the suburbs themselves. Well, then they needed transportation back into the city center for essential services and so forth. So the transportation agency kicked in and ran transportation which in the form of major highways through the center of many of these black neighborhoods by for cating them and also increasing the traffic through their neighborhoods. So all of this stuff goes together. The creation of wealth of America was it was it's well documented that it was done by America by the federal state and local government. All of this amassing of wealth transferable wealth generational wealth was created by public policy. Well, a lot of folks ask us, you know, well, what's going on here how do you actually see a systemic racism where is systemic racism. I don't see it. I heard a gentleman the other day say, Well, I don't see it. It must not exist. I don't understand what you guys are trying to fix here. Show me systemic racism, and then I will help you fix it is what he said. The truth is, is as our previous series said is is is actually hidden in plain sight. It's, but it's not hidden if you look for it. And I think you're less incentivized if you benefit from it. What we see here is is just the the system that criminalizes poverty. Now let's just do a quick review and talk a little bit about what we've just learned, because what we've just learned is is that the vast majority of black people are poor, and the vast majority of poor So what that really means then is if you if you have policy that adversely impacts the poor, although you will impact more white people in number, the vast majority of black people will be impacted so the criminalization of poverty is one at the top of our list. What do we mean by the criminalization of poverty when we create laws, very much like the black laws or Jim Crow laws that have existed on our books then there are relics of which still exists, but this is still going on. It's not just residual but it's perpetuating is is there are there are many laws where they could range from parking. They could, it could be Lord loitering. In fact, there are some constitutions to include the state of Vermont that says that if you are, you know for the punishment of crimes, not just for the punishment of crimes but for the punishment of debts and fines and fees and the like. And this is pervasive throughout all on fight. In fact, our, our title 13 which is criminal law says that one can be incarcerated if he is unable to pay fines or debts and so forth. So this is at its very heart and there are many, many, many other flavors. We won't spend too much time on that but, you know, we can talk about voting laws for the next 20 minutes, or the next 20 days in terms of how historically, and especially now with the emergence of your voting laws across the United States again that seek to cause, cause it to be difficult to vote, especially for black and brown folks, based upon the way that these laws are tailored. The list goes on and on. Are you beginning to see the connection to this post this post civil war mess that was created. The education system itself, the vestiges of affirmative action in education in order to allow to enable black folks to be able to get into universities based upon harm that was called cause previously died with Fisher versus the University of Texas back a number of years but the education system is a much broader challenge though there are many issues in terms of disproportionate suspension and expulsion rates, disproportionate rates of outcomes of higher education and the list goes on and on. The education system is a long conversation but the system itself relies upon federal funding and many of these systems rely upon federal funding we'll talk a little bit about that later but the, and we, but the whole reliance on federal funding means you have to adhere to the criteria. But we'll talk a little bit about the electoral college right now. The electoral college obviously is a remnant. It's a, it's a vestige of it came right out of the Civil War and initially implemented to provide to offset the balance of power that the southern states were free fearful that they did not have because they feared that the northern states were more powerful in in their in terms of their electoral power. So they wanted to balance that power so instead of having a popular vote because it was more populous in the north. What they would do is they would have, they would have a electoral college where it would bounce things out we see how that is working the filibuster itself does this sound familiar given a time right now, but the filibuster is a remnant. It's a remnant to allow again that minority because at the time what we would what it was agreed upon it was in some would say in an over compensation is is to give the minority vote. In other words those who are fewer in a body in a political body, the ability to have the leverage to slow the conversation down to slow the deliberations down to be able to gain additional ground in the deliberations. And so what we see now is how that's repeatedly been used. And now, you know, all you have to do is turn the television on and you will understand the impact of the filibuster today. The political appointment process wait a minute, historically throughout all history, it has been a white male usually a land owner who has been able to run for political offices and then just over this last century that has changed quite a bit but you still see the remnant of that. And then they too, of course, they have the appointment process because the executive that's appointed usually appoints their political appointees by definition. Interestingly, it's it is historically also been the same group of people who are able to vote as the same as the as the folks who would would be able to run for office if you know if you know what I mean. So you've got to think about what this creates in the power that that builds over centuries. You know, so we can talk more about that but we'll talk a little bit about the tax system itself I think I have a slide on the tax system and how it was created to benefit those with white political and economic power. The tax systems when you think about the precedents today, here's one huge example I gave you one of Fisher, but here's a huge example as we see that the court system is stacked six to three right now, leaning conservative and it's never in history been anything because one small example, and that was still problematic. But what we know about the court is is that you cannot use it isn't it is unconstitutional for you to use the Civil Rights Act of 1964 or any derivative to repair to repair the harm that was caused by laws by lawsuits on the previous slides that I showed you to so it's not possible to go into a court and say, Well, we want to repair this. So we have a right to do so because they were because we have a group of folks who were injured. So it is unconstitutional to do that. So that there you have it it's right there in the courts in the court system has many other presidents which is a another presentation that will will have for you. The public engagement process itself, where what we have is is we have situations to where community entities, state entities regional entities are required by law to engage the public in many cases, specific demographic demographics to say those were disproportionately impacted, that is to say black and brown and poor people or folks who are having or have English as their second language. So they're disproportionately impacted. And so there's a requirement that the government must that the entity must reach out specifically to that population to ensure that what they're doing, either benefits them because the funding allocation was designed to do so, or it is at a minimum not harming them. So the question is, is how's that working out for us. How do these, how do these entities engage the public. How are these entities are these demographics actually being reached in a truly democratic participated process, whereby they are actually engaged in these processes, and that's probably not happening in the courts forum, if you know what I mean. So, the, this is how these things play out so this this money becomes misallocated because folks who it is intended for, they are not involved in the process, nor are they a recipient or a benefactor of its of its acquisition. And of course, with that comes brings us to is is federal and state funding access requirements, there are many, there are multiple access requirements, that is to say, for the state for the local municipality, whereby there are certain criteria that they can use in order to access these fundings. Why is that important and why does that even matter. Well, in many in some cases in several cases that we have found in many cases in fact, the criteria itself creates disproportionate adverse impacts in our black and brown and poor folks. What does that mean that means the policy is racist is policy violence. And, you know, what local and state in federal local and state entities as they're requesting this money what they have to way out is is it more important that they that they acquire the the economic resources, or do they abstain from acquiring economic resources and yield to what is more important is the folks the demographic population in the community. That might seem hard to understand, but it's not it's very simple. That is to say, yes, there are policies statewide policies, as well as federal policies, where the requirement to actually ascertain those economic assets. It requires a, an entity a state entity to act against the better, you know, against the best wishes or the will rather of black and brown and poor folks in their own communities. Yes, and one and one of the examples that I'll give you just off the top of my head is title nine, where, in which our own human rights commission here in the state of Vermont is required is required to include language and their policy that requires if a person comes in, and they are adjudicating a case in that the HRC may dismiss that case prior to the time that it has been investigated. They may dismiss that case prior to the time that has actually been investigated. Okay, and so that is in the reason why that latitude is there is because HUD, the funds that they get from HUD requires that like well that language is a HUD policy, and their policy must be consistent with HUD sounds a little complicated complicated, but it's not what are the implications well the HRC protects the civil liberties of everybody across all public accommodations housing education employment here in the state. So yes, it's usually significant the bottom the last one data erasure, what is data erasure mean. We saw at the top of this presentation that without data, we can't really measure where we are, and we can't really see the impacts of systemic racism. If there's no data, then you can't see it. If you can't see it, it doesn't exist. Now one of the things that we've done, really, and it's the same thing with history. It's the same, same, you know, when we, when we talk about, we hear people saying, Oh, no, well we don't want to talk about history.  Because we can just assume that somehow or another. Oh, it's just happenstance.  But when we connect the dots and we reconcile with our true history, then what we can do is we can take a look at what we're seeing right here in front of us, and we can see it for what it is. History erasure is just as important as data erasure. But when you start thinking about data erasure, the reason why it's important for us to begin to go out and find those data that you saw at the top of this presentation is so we can begin to understand how to baseline what we're looking at. And so we can figure out whether those trends are going north or south. Here's that tax code stuff I was telling you about. With federal tax policies in their administration, they don't need to be explicitly race based either the entrench or worsen these long standing racial inequities, or to promote racial equity and inclusion. Historical racism and contemporary patterns of racial discrimination and bias deeply affect a household's income, the types of income, their savings, their consumption. So they also influence the federal tax codes impact on households on different races. So yes, the tax code itself. The tax code itself is is not just a relic it is a standing pillar of systemic racism. If you look how it's administered. So, one of the things that, you know, we hear people talk about a lot is is, you know, when we talk about systemic racism say what are you going to do about it. I think, you know, for those of you who are watching in the end, what this is for is this, this is for folks who know and understand that there's something awry. There's no one understand that there's, you know, there is, there's got to be something to this. You know what, what I'm trying to do is I'm trying to get you to see and understand that if we take a look at history, and we connect that to our data and what we're looking at that right there. What it does is it gives us, you know, the ability to see it to be able to see systemic racism if you don't connect these two, you can't see it. The connection of these two, that enables you to see it, but who cares if you see it, if you're not going to do anything about it. So this is where the personal work comes in. And the personal work, it has to do with continuing to educate ourselves, number one. And it also has to do with actually getting in action. And I think part of that, when we start talking about outreach and education, you know, we say that, you know, very generically. And I'm not going to get into a lot of details. But what I'm telling you is it's so incredibly important for us to talk to our people. Okay, it is very important for you some of the best work, especially with white people is is to make sure that you are taking what you know, not just increasing upon it, but sharing it, especially when it's uncomfortable, especially when you get to a point to where, you know, it is a challenge to you. So incredibly important that, you know, the knowledge that you have is to be able to each one to each one to take this message out to be able to talk to one another. But what I know, and what you know is is there are no white families. There are no white families that that do not have someone who's being impacted by this to the extent that they're acting it out in an overt manner racist. Okay, there's no white families that done that doesn't have that there are all all white families have someone in a system that is working every single one of these systems that's working every day that sees and identifies the policies that are coming down from various agencies and also that they are implementing, and they're seeing the impact that they're having. And this leads me to my second point is is, there is, I've never met a white person who has not silently witnessed black oppression, not one, every group that I've been in every time I've asked the question, I've never got a hand it goes up. So what that means is is it's a great opportunity as as folks share to say hey speak up we'll come back to that in a minute. So engagement advocacy, and then here's some organizational work that can be done some organizational work that really speaks to at its core, you know, a programmatic approach to addressing systemic racism within your organization. This is, this is what was fleshed out in our work in what we use to create the racial equity executive director position here in the state of Vermont. This is what I've incorporated into my engagement methodology at the racial equity association, my LLC my consulting LLC shameless plug. Until somebody tells us until somebody tells me that there's a different programmatic approach to addressing an organization. Then this is where where I'm standing right now, but it is a place to start and I want to flag the last one which is accountability. Turning the corner with us, you know, what the what the Vermont racial justice alliance, the work that we're doing. We've got four swim lanes one is platforms and initiatives you'll see that manifested with a CT at the statewide level, as well as the race and Phoenix ride, rise here in the biggest town in Burlington, Vermont. There is outreach and education what are we teaching root causes impacts solutions for systemic racism. We're not teaching implicit bias. We're teaching about systemic racism. What does that mean. What is the history. What does that connect with. What are the impacts, where the numbers where's the data, so we can see it so we can do something about it. Community engagement and support a full range of activities and also cultural empowerment. So when you start talking about platforms and initiatives, you know, you can go out on our website take a look and see what some of that progress looks like you check the blog. Education education there are numerous events, as well as numerous presentations that we give throughout the community. This is just a handful of them. There are many more with community engagement and support. Everything from small business grants to financial support individual assistance all the way down the personal and professional skills which would mean everything from adult basic education to basic computer skills, business cultivation and so forth. We are interested whether in organic arrangements or in partnerships and moving this this this thing forward. This is what we're doing with community engagement and support as far as far as cultural environments. Yeah, you know you'll see as engaged in ranging from Juneteenth to our own very own first, first African landing day, various commemorations observances celebrations events affinity spaces. Who are we as black folks where did we come from what is our power what is our history what is our culture, what is our, what is our resilience. And I think these things you'll see them coming, you'll see them playing out. Now as far as your engagement this slide is not complete. As far as your engagement, you know whether it's the city console whether it is the Burlington police departments school board meetings, the school board DI diversity equity inclusion meetings. There is a racial disparities panel that came from the work some of the work that we've done as well as the racial equity panel and the governor's workforce equity and diversity and a fairness and impartial policing committee and the list goes on with all types of organizations that you could be involved with where you can engage where you can ensure that you are there, that you are showing up that you are hearing what's going on that you are contributing to what's going on it's what you can do. It is a reasonable service. How do you address systemic racism. You know when when we talk about addressing systemic racism at the heart of it is economic disparity so why are people not paying attention to money. How is money being spent in your community how's money being spent in your school how's money being spent in your organization and who is benefiting at the end of the day. That is as simple as that if you are benefiting it's hard for you to dial into this is hard for a person to be incentivized to find to look into and look out for those who are not benefiting, but that is our challenge that is our charge. What happens when you find it alert the system escalated immediately why because more times and not you're not going to be dealing with somebody who can who has the ability the authority or the will to address it otherwise, it probably wouldn't be going on escalated immediately and organize more more times and not even if you get to the right place in the organization, they would prefer to deal with you as an individual, because it's easier to brush under the rug.    But what you must do is organize and demand transformation know not change transformation. That is, this is how we address systemic racism. We have to target policy, and we need to start at home. What does that mean everybody wants to go out and change national policy politics, starting home.  In fact, I'll even take you a little bit further in your house in your bedroom in your bed, your spouse, speaking to the folks who are closest to you, all of this starts at home, bringing this thing in as closest to you as possible and saying, why is this, why is that we have to transform this and stop diluting it. Don't dilute it, don't dilute it. When we say dilute it what we're talking about is is, you know, the zero to 60 speed that a conversation about systemic racism turns into a gender conversation turns into an LGBTQIA conversation turns into a, a, a migrant worker conversation turns into an indigenous American conversation. I want to assure you that as much as effort that was placed into singularly addressing this thing when it was built. If at any given time we had the full commitment as a nation to singularly address it, it would completely eradicate every single one of the aforementioned rising tides do lift all ships, but you just have to start at the right one. So let's stop diluting this and let's have a real conversation about it. Our history matters. Our history matters. When we start taking a look at where we've been as a nation, you know, it's important for us to take a look at 1619 is important for us to take a look at 1865 is an important for us to take a look at 1877 1920 1940 1970. It's important for us to take a look at 2020. There's, there's been a lot of stuff that's happened but that I can assure you, there's a, there's a connection. There's a continuity that has existed across all this history, which is why today, even today, we can see a Confederate flag waving in the capital building on an insurrection day on January 6 of 2021, because it has never stopped, because it has never been resolved. So, yes. All of our history matters. All of it.  How do I know because it has been through all history. So in closing, you know, I just came to tell you that yes, systemic racism. There, there is a, you know, there is a public health emergency in play right now. You know, as, as these folks you're looking at right here fighting over this W. What I'm telling you is that there is a sense of urgency. The sad, the sad part about it is as we've come through a global pandemic and a national reckoning with race. And we've still yet to understand and to get the sense of urgency that must exist here. Hope is not lost. We have not given up. We're going to continue to put this message out across the state, across the, across the nation that racism is a public health emergency. It is time for us to turn the curve. It is time for us to turn the curve on systemic racism. So we can once and for all live up to the commitment that we've made as a nation one nation under God indivisible, liberty and justice for all we hold these truths to be self evident that all meaning women are created equal. Largely these statements have been aspirational up until now. It's time for us to move beyond this aspirational message and move to a point to where we're doing the best we can for everybody in this nation. So thanks for coming out. Feel free to reach out to us. Contact information will post up. Thank you.


It's beautiful when people feel like they can talk about things and not be judged, you know There's it's this self-concept this image That believes it's this human being and it's it's very volatile mask, you know the mask is always teetering and You work your whole life to try to prop it up and to make the mask solid and strong and like you're a decent law-abiding good human being and it's this mask and then little by little things keep poking poking holes in it and Trying to shatter it as you go through your life And you're still trying to uphold it and it's just good to get more and more to that state of mind Where you can start to see the falsity of the mask because it takes so much energy to keep the mask up And when you can just relax and let yourself be who you are and feel all that love pouring through you then it's that warm kind of cozy feeling of love and connectedness that's That is so real and yet, you know, it's like when you people get glimpses and taste of it And it's almost torture to think of not being in it and then pressuring yourself to try to do something to get out of this other thing it just gets into a very difficult struggle which for three weeks Yeah That's right first there and all that opening up I had all these the right ideas with the right things They had to leave these teams in this for two years in religious science And we would do all these camps together and do all these weekends and sharing I Didn't have a clue about what open was It's not time with them and they're like hiding you and all these bees and angel washes and sharing to you and I was like Well, I better catch up to them For two years it was like all this They're just so expressive they can't pull back We don't mind You can't be fake around Very Yeah, I think that's that's a great symbol of breaking the mind out of this conditioning and patterns his children can be very spontaneous and we sort of am I feel so blessed by the cats that we've had at our peace house Because it's like just to look in their eyes is if there's nothing like the Beatles song is nothing to get huff about It's like that's just the state of looking into their eyes and they're just around Reminding reminding of that and and the thing about Spirituality is it's it's the temptation is is to try to fit the spirituality into the same old boxes, you know Even with with things like The adderings or materials, you know or anything, you know, it can be just like transferring the same Thought patterns that you had with your family over to church or to spirituality So it's like you're you're putting it in a box and you're expecting it to function away When true spirituality is the undoing of everything you think, you know all your expectations and and I've loved that about travel about animals and Meeting children and just wisdom that comes pouring through and You know when you when you realize that things are just not what they seem nothing is as it seems


Honestly every player should want to be a better defender because football is a two-way game. If you're only playing an attack, you're only playing half the game, you're only half the player that you should be. So this tutorial is for defenders specifically but every player should watch this because it's very important. So I just want to give you a couple ideas on improving defending and I want you to try these ideas in your training and in your games and see if they work for you. Okay the first idea I want you to think about is reading the game rather than anticipating. So let's say you're a defender okay we're focusing on these players here our back four. So let's say you're a defender okay what most players do is let's say that the ball is played to here okay what they do is they wash the ball when it gets there they react a good defender anticipates the play so they see this player with the ball they know he wants to play into here they start anticipating the play so when the pass is played they can intercept the ball. So I want you to start getting in the habit of trying to be ahead of the play. When this player has the ball or any player on the field has the ball where do they want to play the ball next okay where does he want to go if I know he wants to come outside here I'm going to anticipate that and try to cover my defender if I know that he wants to play the ball into here I'm not going to react I'm going to anticipate so when that pass comes in I can intercept or at least be really close when this player receives the ball okay so think about that anticipating rather than reacting okay next thing I want you to think about is being there early and what I mean by that I'm just going to move my team up the field here a bit okay what I mean by that is let's say that this midfielder has the ball and they want to play into their striker here okay again it's about anticipating but most players the ball is played in here and then they close okay if you watch good defenders every time this ball is played into the striker's feet they are there as it comes okay so that starts with anticipating but it starts with wanting to be there early okay so anticipate the play when he receives this ball I want you to be here on his ass okay if you're not here if you're too slow what that does is gives him time to turn and then we can start players can start making runs for maybe plays a ball into here okay and we're getting hurt so try to be there early or be there at the time that the ball rises if not before okay so when it's there you have to be there think about that and again it starts from anticipating the other thing I want you to think about is cutting off passing angles as you're closing a player down okay so let's look at the full back here let's say this player has the ball the full back's coming to close down okay so what I would do in this situation is instead of running here because if I run straight at him what's gonna happen here a quick one two and he's around me okay so what you want to think about without being too without cutting yourself off too much is cutting down passing angles as you close players down okay so instead of running straight at him like this I want to try to come out like this if you want 12 weeks of in-depth coaching covering every area of player development daily follow along training routines to improve your skills fitness and confidence 12 weeks of professional match analysis and access to every advanced course I've created in the past check out the link in the description below okay obviously I have to be light on my feet and ready to react because I'm showing him down the line so I want to be able to stay with him if he goes down the line but what I'm doing here is I'm cutting off this passing angle so really this is only giving him one one real option okay he's going to take it down the line so because I know that I'm going to have a better chance of tackling him or at least keeping him in front of me so I'm closing down the pass as I'm closing down the defender so let's say he does get there worst case scenario he goes down the line and I stay with him or he turns and plays back and hopefully my other teammates are coming across the field to close down the space okay let's look at it from the another defender's perspective from the center has perspective okay let's say that this player has the ball in here okay I want to close him down yes but am I cutting off passing angles now it's very hard to defend by yourself so hopefully your teammates are coming to help out but I want to think about cutting off this passing angle as I close down even more so let's say you're in a like a two on one like this really tough situation okay here now these guys should have the advantage because they can play a little one too especially if I'm running straight at him like this but what I want you to think about is okay he's coming at me can I cut off this angle at least a bit and then close him down so instead of running straight at him can I cut off this pass a little bit even if it's just a couple steps in this direction to make him hesitate and then I'm going to close down try to win that ball off him or at least force him to turn and play backwards okay the other thing last idea I want to think about and I always talk about this when I talk about defending is close down the players quickly okay so this ball let's say that there's a midfielder or there are midfielders on the ball he plays this ball out here this is the same thing as coming early with the center backs don't let him turn okay if when I can I want to close quickly but I want to stay on my feet okay if you're closing you're trying to tackle right away a lot of times all takes is a little touch inside and he's around you okay what you will find is if you stay on your feet I get there quick but I don't necessarily have to make the tackle I just have to stay in front of him okay instead of lunging for it and having him go past you make him beat you with good skill and if you stay on your feet you move laterally side to side quickly okay you just stay in front of him stay in front of him I get there quick and then I stay in front of him force him to beat me make him make a good move okay and then when he does show too much of the ball yes I'll come and win it and I'll keep possession for my team just like that okay so think about those four things practice reading the game rather than or anticipating rather than reacting think about being there early especially when the striker receives the ball I don't want to let him turn I want to be there right as he receives the ball if not or even if I can I want to sneak in and win possession of that ball I want to think about cutting off the passing angles as I'm closing down players okay so I'm not running straight at him I'm trying to cut off another passing angle at least a bit as I close him down to cut his options down and think about closing down quickly but staying on your feet forcing him to actually beat you rather than you lunging in and you beating yourself


Okay, here's my first attempt with a new camera, trying to do classifying real numbers. Let's see, Justin trying out the same thing. Talking balls. Nice. Okay, today we're going to talk about classifying real numbers. As you can see up here I have one, two, three, four, five different classifications for real numbers. Again, in mathematics we need to define everything. So what we're doing here is we're defining different groups of numbers. Okay, so first off we have the natural numbers. Natural numbers, you can also call those the counting numbers. That's what they're commonly referred to as. The natural numbers are your simplest ones. Your one, two, three, so on and so forth. The three little dots mean so on and so forth in that fashion. So one, two, three, that's what we call the natural numbers. Back in the day these natural numbers were used to count your flock of sheep or your cattle or whatever it is that you had. Alright, next classification we have is the whole numbers. Whole numbers are very similar to the natural numbers. It actually just includes one other number. That number would be zero. Zero, one, two, three, so on and so forth. Okay, so the only difference between natural numbers and whole numbers is that whole numbers has one extra number. Simply just zero. Next we have the integers. One way you can think of the integers as is the whole numbers plus all the negative numbers. So now we're starting to introduce negative numbers into our classification. So for example, now I'm going to use the dots here again. Dot, dot, dot, negative three, negative two, negative one, zero, one, two, three, so on and so forth. Now notice that I have dots at both ends of these. That means so on and so forth to the left and so on and so forth to the right which means the integers include all these numbers plus all the way to negative infinity and all the way to positive infinity. So these are all the numbers that you guys are used to working with that a lot of kids like to do math problems and get whole numbers. They are positive or negative numbers. These are the integers that usually kids like to work with. Next, second to last year is the rational numbers. One way I like to think of rational numbers as is rational numbers are fractions. So far we've looked at everything. It just looks like a number. Now we're going to start defining our fractions. Rational numbers is any number that you can make into a fraction. So for example, three-fifths, negative twelve-sevenths. Just about anything is going to be a rational number. Even eight over four. Now when that pops into your head, when I say eight over four, you should think to yourself, well doesn't that reduce? Yes it does which means if you take eight divided by four, eight divided by four, you get two. So that means that two is also a rational number. You can take your whole numbers, either your integers, your whole numbers, your natural numbers, you can take any one of those and make them into a fraction. So that means our natural numbers, our whole numbers, our integers, they are all rational numbers because we can make them into fractions. Another classification, another different type of number that is also a rational number, and these are ones that are a little bit weird, these would be your non-terminating, use a little bit of vocabulary here, non-terminating repeating numbers. So for example, one-third is a rational number. Now that doesn't look like a repeating decimal, but if you take one-third, plug it into a calculator, whatever it is, you also know that one-third is equal to point three repeating. Point three, three, three, three, three, three, three, so on and so forth forever. So that repeating decimal, even though that number goes on forever and ever and ever, it's still a rational number because we can take that repeating decimal and turn it back into a fraction. So those are the first four classifications of numbers. Those are the ones you'll be hearing for most often. Now over to this other side, the irrational numbers. These ones are a little bit different. The most popular irrational number that you'll see is pi. Everybody knows what pi is, 3.1414159, so on and so forth. Now the difference between pi and something like point three repeating, we all know pi goes on forever, it just keeps going on forever and ever and ever. Just random numbers, they just keep going, they keep accumulating. There's no pattern to any of these numbers. So for pi, since there is no pattern, we call that an irrational number. No pattern, irrational number. Whereas point three repeating, yes, it does go on forever, but there's a pattern to it, so that makes a rational number. So pi is your irrational number. Anything, any number that you can think of that has no pattern to it is going to be an irrational number. Pi is just the more famous of the irrational numbers that we have. And so those are your five classifications of real numbers, natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and then also irrational numbers.