Live from the Fairmont Hotel in San Jose, California, it's theCUBE at Big Data SV 2015. Welcome back everybody, this is theCUBE. We're live here at Big Data SV 2015 in San Jose, California. I'm Jeff Kelly with Wikibon. I'm joined by my co-host, Jeff Frick. In this segment we're joined by Kyoto Tamura who is the Director of Marketing at Treasure Data. Welcome. Thanks for having me. Well thanks for coming on theCUBE, first time guest. So tell us a little bit about Treasure Data. We've spoken with you guys before but I think it would be valuable for audience for you to kind of give a good overview. What's Treasure Data all about? Sure, so Treasure Data was started with a vision that we want to make data accessible for everyone by building a truly end-to-end cloud-based analytics infrastructure for all kinds of data. We started a company in December 2011 and we just raised Series B last month and I've been with a company since May of 2012. So it's been quite a journey for me.  I've done everything from customer support, sales engineering and my pitch to people is that you can ask me anything about a company other than fundraising and R&D. Because if I wrote the code, we wouldn't be around. We wouldn't have raised Series B. Okay, got it. So tell us a little bit more about kind of the platform mentions cloud-based which is bringing together two of the biggest things we talk about on theCUBE all the time, cloud and big data. Walk through some of the use cases, kind of what you really designed, what the platforms really designed to handle.  One is collecting data from various sources. A lot of times people talk about big data. They talk about volume. Volume is a very important concern. I'm gonna touch on that. But also like the variety of data you need to collect, right? If you're an e-commerce company, there's mobile apps, there's an in-store POS data and there's a big web servers with multiple properties. A lot of times the pain point is that those are in different data silos and data analysts and data scientists, they can't access it in a way that is productive. So we solve this problem with our data collection agent as well as like mobile SDKs and like web SDKs. And this ensures that all kinds of data are coming through treasure data in a reliable and streaming manner. And for the storage layer, we built our own highly fault torrent, highly compressed columnar storage. Internally we dub it plasma. And we run that on the cloud today and that's what stores our customer's data very, very efficiently. And finally like a lot of times people buy all sorts of big data storage systems and that does exactly just that. Like store the data. And one number that I heard is only like 15, 20% of that data is effectively utilized. We solved that problem by providing uniform SQL interface. So if you're like a skill type data analyst or data scientist who want to pre-process data before they actually get to the meat of it, there's that interface. We also understand that a lot of BI people want connectivity to the tools that they're familiar with. So we provide the ability to integrate with existing BI tools as well. So things like Tableau and other tools. So tell us a little bit about what your customers are doing with your platform. Because I think one of the themes we've talked about all week, Jeff, is moving from talking about the technology and kind of the framework to, hey, what are we actually gonna do with all this data? So let me back up. Is that the theme that you're hearing as well this week at the show? And talk a little bit about how your customers are actually executing on that. Sure. One big customer that we have who is now big, but who started out very small with us, is this e-commerce platform called Wish.com. They're the world's largest mobile shopping mall. And what's interesting with Wish is that their co-founder, Danny Zahn, is a Hadoop veteran. He worked at Yahoo where he built a big Hadoop cluster. And he totally understood the value of doing all that work is if you can actually mine insights from your data. But if you're at a big company with a lot of engineering resources, build versus buy is an interesting proposition. It's a no-brainer when you're starting a new e-commerce platform. So Wish started with us almost three years ago now and initially they were a small company, right? But now that they're the world's largest mobile shopping mall, they do a lot of number crunching and a lot of that happens on us. And it was interesting and it was very, it really validated our value prop that they could start small but grow as they'd need it. With treasure data, it really made my day when Danny told me that. What if you get drilled down a little bit, right? Because the world would probably say, we don't need another e-commerce platform, right? E-commerce been going on forever. So what was either the vision that he had or what he actually realized once he got to work and had the data that enabled him to use data in a way to build an application in a space that most would think is mature and actually take a market leading position.  But a lot of these solutions do not allow them raw access to the data. So the way that Wish is structured is that they have their own homegrown A.B. testing system and they know a lot about that, like how to do A.B. testing with multiple like hypothesis at the same time. But in order to actually make that happen, they need to have a very, very robust data infrastructure that powers it, right? The analogy that I give is like, imagine like an Asperg, what people see is the end result, which is that only like 5% of what's actually happening like underneath. And we tried to be that like really robust part that not that many people actually see, but so that people like truly shine doing the 5% that other people can actually see. So put treasured data in context. We're here at Hadoop World. There's a lot of vendors out there on the floor. It's something you're trying to abstract away from a lot of that complexity that's inherent in deploying some of these technologies in your own data center, calling together different pieces from different vendors, et cetera. When you go out into the field and you're fighting tooth and nail for customers, I'm sure with all the other players out there, where do you find yourself going up against? Help us kind of understand what, lack of a better term, what bucket you tend to fall in. Are you and not at your own bucket, perhaps? Yeah. So one group of people is who has this perception that the cloud is too new or like they can do it themselves using their own like what I call like a Lego blocks of various data services. And what we notice is that it does work, but in many cases, but the opportunity cost of like not being able to utilize engineering resources or engineering talent, which all know by now is very, very scarce in this ecosystem today, is actually a huge loss for them. And by far like the customers that we see are true champions, are people who have sort of seen that in one way or another. And they came to the conclusion that if their main business is data, maybe it is worth the investment, but even then it's maybe. If their main business is outside of data, where data really empowers the product and business decisions, it's better to have something that is already built that suits their purposes. Mm-hmm. Well, it's interesting because we talk a lot about the kind of born data-driven startups and that's kind of some of the, Big 8 is born in their DNA, but then you've got this whole wide swath of companies in the enterprise, beyond those Fortune 1000 who are, they're kicking in tires with Hadoop and they're doing some things with Hadoop, but you've got this huge market opportunity with all these other companies that don't necessarily have the skills internally and don't want to be in the business of putting together these technologies where it sounds like that's kind of the market you're trying to address. Yeah, and also within like Fortune 1000, what we're seeing is that there are new projects where they really want to test out ideas quickly, but in order to like mobilize their internal resources, it's going to take a lot of time. So we work with the pioneer today for their new IoT initiatives. So what they wanted to do is that they want to go from just selling onboard diagnostic devices to actually making that data that is generated already by collecting it effectively and providing it in a considerable format to various third parties and themselves. And it was really eye-opening for me because I don't come from the telematics background and it's really amazing what kind of analysis can be done once you can actually collect all the data that is being generated inside a cart today. And not putting that up to data scientists and other analysts. Exactly. Talk about using cloud as a data collection repository from disparate and distributed sets of data because I'm sure a lot of people that might scare them, A, for security and those types of reasons, but also just potentially the scale. Talk about the trade-off of what using the cloud as your repository enables you to do with these disparate sources, disparate data sets. Yeah. So we do understand that, you know, different sovereignty has different rules that govern how data should be treated. And this is actually where our open source project called Fluendee has been really helpful. So Fluendee, you can think of it as like a logging middleware that allows you to stream data from point A to Z. But also, baked into its feature set is the filtering mechanism, which allows people to simply get rid of certain fields or encrypt it or hash it so that it's very hard to trace back to what the original value is. And this actually gives our customer the confidence that, okay, if we decide to go with treasure data, I can always keep the master copy on our premises and also do the filtering so that we can ensure, programmatically, that only the data that can be on the public cloud goes to treasure. Interesting. So I'm curious to get your perspective from me. As we talked about earlier, you've done a lot of different roles within treasure data.  And we have a lot of our viewers or entrepreneurs in the startup world as well. What are some of the lessons you've learned? Maybe some of the hard way, you know, in terms of building a company in the space. Talk to the customers. Talk to the customers. Our CTO cost comes from a deep Hadoop background. As a matter of fact, he's a Japanese native. If you type in his name, autocomplete sometimes is Hadoop. And we knew that we knew our crowd, right? But then we started to talk to customers or to prospects like why are you buying treasure data? What are the terms that you entered to Google? And it's really eye-opening every time. Sometimes they're not even looking for big data. They were looking for ways to store their logs more effectively. And they ran into like a Wikipedia page and that's how they landed on us. Sometimes we didn't even know that they tried us before but they went to a different company where the management is more receptive to the idea of using cloud. And so finally they're signing up and giving us money. And it's talk to the customers. It's lesson number one. I think it's a good lesson, Jeff. Yeah, yeah.  Talk a little bit about your guy's point of view on it. I'm sure very excited about internet of things and some of the things you're doing to take advantage of that opportunity when it's coming just around the corner. Yeah, so the big challenge in the industrial internet of things is making sure that you have the mechanism to collect that data that is being generated. A lot of it is actually two things. One is the platforms are still pretty fragmented. It's not like Linux servers where you can just write for one platform and pretty much cover half the market. That's not how it works. The other thing is I think a lot of companies are still trying to figure out how they can utilize that data. But there's a lot of high level discussion but what really convinced Pioneer to go with us is that they have a very clear vision themselves as to how they can utilize that data that's being generated. I think that's going to be what the 2015 it really is for. And my somewhat far-fetched hypothesis is that they can also learn from the other kind of internet of things crowd which is like wearables and more newer companies that are coming from the entrepreneurial space. You said they had a pretty clear defined vision. Did that pan out? I'm just curious once they kind of, as they say, the perfect plan until the first shot is fired. Did it work out the way they thought? I don't know if I can talk about the timeline part but it's definitely going well. There's commits in our private repo happening every day. So just got time for one more question. So ask you what's on your roadmap to the extent you can share in terms of the next year? What's the top of mind for your major focus in the future? So I'm sure you guys already noticed this but there's been a lot more interest on what to do with the data that you're collecting. So a big data you're collecting then creating the platform to store and process big data just like last year. And once we have all the infrastructure pieces and services that allow people to focus on analysis, it's very important that the analysis that the data scientists and data analysts do actually make it back to production by operationalizing a lot of their findings. And this is also where we're really focusing on in 2015 and 2016 because at the end of the day, it is one thing to see the data as a ha, like we find something new. But the next really important step is let's actually implement something that uses our insights and automate it. And I'm really hopeful that it's gonna happen this year. I agree, I think that's for me that's where it starts to get exciting. You're actually doing stuff with all this data and impacting business, impacting society. We heard earlier some use cases around climate change. So there's a lot of things that I think are gonna happen this year and it's gonna be pretty exciting. So Kyoto, thanks so much for joining us on theCUBE. We appreciate it. Everybody, thanks for watching. Stick around, we'll be right back with our next segment here live at Big Data SV. After this.


First question is from Lorinda 6753. What is the best plan of action for gluteal amnesia?  It's not really a syndrome But what we're referring to is people who are trying to build their their glute muscles They're very quad dominant. Yeah, and they're doing all the right exercises They're doing the squats and the stiff legged deadlifts and the lunges and For whatever reason their butt doesn't seem to want to respond now There's a few reasons why this may be happening But one of the main ones in in I'll speak personally from my experience is that that person just doesn't really use a lot of glutes When they do those exercises, it's usually a lot of quad and so the plan of action Step one is to learn how to feel the glutes. This is a this is more of a Subjective perceptive type thing. You're not necessarily connecting to the glutes more Unless you're actually paralyzed. You're connected to the glutes It's just learning how to feel them so you could change your form a little bit to activate them more And the best way to do that one of the best ways to do that is to do Glute isolation movements at the beginning of your workout movements where you squeeze and feel the glutes Activating then when you go do your squats, you know what to look for when you're doing the movement or feel for right? Right. I think this is also why Breck contraris just like exploded with the hip thrust I think that you wouldn't we didn't have anything that you could really heavy load that was like an isolation exercise For the glute before that like everything think about it all the other isolation exercises for glutes They're all like they're pretty weak. Yeah kickbacks dog peas fucking weak ass movements that you can't really load You can load a hip thrust really really heavy and it's you know almost an ice It's not quite an isolation actually nothing's really an isolation exercise, but but the glutes are really the prime move Yeah, it's it's hard to do a Hip thrust and not use your glutes It really is like you could have pretty poor mechanics on a squat and Easily do a squat that looks to the average eye as good form, but be very quad dominant like I've seen You know clients squat and to the average eye you go Hey, that's a good-looking squat You have that and they have these massive quads and a flat butt and it's just their their body is driving more of The quads because it is still a very quad dominant exercise anyway, so it's hard to like see that mechanically the hip thrust It's directly Right opposing the glutes when you when you lift up from the barbell on your hips And so I think that's a great movement.  It's not sleep. It's not asleep It's not not being worked like that's it's just a term that we use to explain to people that you're not Working it as well as you could be in the movements that you should be taking over more. There's less recruitment happening Yeah, exactly. So Doing something that connects to it well and then like Sal was saying now when you go into your squat You're thinking about your butt as you do it But I mean this is where hit barbell hip thrusts have a ton of value and this is this is something that of all strength athletes Bodybuilders are the best at so if you want to learn How to develop a specific muscle? Aesthetically speaking what I mean by that is actually visually develop it look to bodybuilders bodybuilders are Experts at this they rarely focus on the movement They usually focus on the muscle that they're trying to work now every other strength athlete every other athlete that uses weights Every other category does not care what muscle they feel and what muscle to try and develop What they're trying to do is is lift the weight in the most efficient safest most effective way possible Whether it's your power lifter or an Olympic lifter or a kettlebell athlete or or a football player who lifts weights You're not going in there to make your glutes look nicer. You're going there to get stronger at the movement It's totally totally different. So if you lift weights like somebody who is movement focused You're gonna have to move your focus from the movement and just focus on the muscle So one of the best ways to do that is what we're talking about if it's the glutes You have a hard time feeling do an exercise before you do your squats or your deadlifts that you can actually feel the glutes This may be Tube walking it may be like Adam said dog pee or donkey kickback It may be a hip thrust at bridge and hit bridge and you might you might have to go light on hip thrust By the way, I've actually worked with people where if we go too heavy on hip thrust They feel it and they still feel it in their hamstrings and believe it or not in their quads are so quad dominant that the quads still Yeah, are doing hip flexors a lot all that stuff So do a movement to where you you can actually feel the glutes working more than any other part of your body You can feel the squeeze you could feel the burn focus on the squeeze part of the movement That's typically when whenever I've worked with a client where they have a muscle that's underdeveloped It's they typically have a hardest time connecting to the muscle when it's in its shortened position So focus on the squeeze squeeze the muscle get it to burn So it's the point where you you ingrain in your mind at that moment I know what my glutes feel like when they're active then go do your squat and then forget the weight Take your weight off the bar Go with light. Don't worry about it. Whatever. It's just a means to an end Do your squat and rather than trying to squat well squat really good focusing on the movement Squat in a way to where you can feel your glutes working Typically, this means you have to go a lot lighter.  You'll start to learn how to connect to your glutes It could take a second it could take you a couple months of training But then when you really start to feel the glutes and it becomes more like second nature Then you can start adding weight to the bar and start lifting more and more weight And then what you'll see is that the muscle starts to respond to react now The other thing I want to say is this sometimes you just might have genetics where a muscle is not gonna develop as well As other muscles it might not necessarily be a connection thing although it usually is so what I mean By that is you you'll see better results But don't expect all of a sudden your glutes to explode and react like every other part of your body You still may have a little bit of a tough time because you know We have different muscle shapes and and our genetics can dictate a lot of how well we respond I also can't I also can't see this person squatting right now either and there's there there could be potential cues that could really help I know that you know, I even taught squatting bad in early years of training because you know all of our Certifications would talk about you know not letting the knees go over the toes and so 90 and so you would teach a client I mean, I even remember Kneeling down why they squatted and would put my hands in front of their shins in front of their shins and as soon as I'd say As soon as you your knees hit my hands, you know Push your hips back and not allow their knees to travel forward and the problem with that like knowing now and really Understanding what I was doing is I I was not allowing their knees to travel over their toes Which then was causing them to forward lean more in order then you then you move the bar over the top of your quads You know what makes it even more difficult to fill the glutes so Looking at your squat and seeing if you're somebody that knows how to open up the hips let the knees travel forward So you can sit down So when you're at the bottom of a squat That barbell is directly over the butt and the butt is what's having to drive it up out of the hole Versus somebody who let doesn't let their knees come forward Slides the hips so far back only goes down to 90 the chest comes forward now The barbell is directly over almost over the knee and over the quad more than anything else And then it turns into a really it's really tough for you to feel that and then you're trying to feel it in your butt Really tough to do so the isolation exercises for the butt and then also Really looking at your your squat and how you are doing your squat because that can make a big difference too That's a good point. I'd totally remember like just that one inch of more depth Was like game-changer for a lot of my clients and that was like I had to then kind of break the rules a little bit and go a little past 90 sometimes and After that I was like man so much more engagement there so much more gates that I feel it finally so yeah It could be a mechanical thing.  I used to love to teach a Single leg stand up from the seated position. It's a really good spot to like engage the butt first You'll feel when you and I'd sit him down on just like a regular bench And then try to get as vertical as have you stand up with one leg And when you stand up with and you know if you're you if you're not strong enough to do one leg at a Time then you could start with with both trying to get up off the bench, but this is why in maps anabolic there is the in the Preface you have the box squats is to get somebody to engage the glutes from the seated position like that That used to be kind of a trainer trick to help people feel it in their glutes to start them at the bottom Tell them to push off with the heel and the butt at to get off the bench That kind of helps you get kind of engaged with the glutes to drive out of that


When is the Sabbath? What's the purpose of the Sabbath? And should we as Christians observe the Sabbath? There's a lot of confusion about the Sabbath and the point or purpose of it. Initially, the Bible tells us that on the seventh day that God rested from his work and what did he do? He sanctified it and set apart because that's the day in which there was nothing that he did on that day. And so initially, the Sabbath day was just a day of rest. Unfortunately, there's been some confusion as to what the Sabbath is. Is it a day of rest or is it a day of worship? Now, there can be some worship on the Sabbath under the Old Covenant. And granted, there are various different Sabbaths. We won't cover those, but the point that we want to get to is the Sabbath to date. The Sabbath is the seventh day, which is for us a Saturday. It's not a Sunday. Now, does that mean that we should go to church on Saturday and not Sunday? There are some groups that would say that you should. However, again, that's not what the point of the Sabbath was. The point of the Sabbath initially was a day to rest. In Exodus 16-23, we're told that then he said to them, this is what the Lord meant. Tomorrow is a Sabbath observance, a holy Sabbath of the Lord. Bake what you will bake and boil what you will boil. And all that is left over, put aside and be kept until the morning. So they're given these instructions on preparing their meals in preparation for the Sabbath. Note what he says. If we drop down to verse 25, Moses said, Eat it today for today is a Sabbath to the Lord. Today you will not find it in the field. Six days you shall gather. But on the seventh day, the Sabbath, there will be none. In other words, you shall rest. And it came about on the seventh day that some of the people went out to gather, but they found none. Then the Lord said to Moses, How long do you refuse to keep my commandment and my instructions? In other words, the Lord wanted them to cease from working. Do no work on the Sabbath. Work all the other days. But on the Sabbath, it is a rest for observance of me. And the 10 commandments is codified when he says in Exodus 28. Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor and do all your work. But on the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord, your God. In it you shall not do any work.  Four in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth and everything that's made in it on the seventh day he rested. So initially the Sabbath was a day of rest. Now what we'll notice is the Bible doesn't tell them what they should do on the Sabbath, but what they could not do which is to not work, which is to rest. Does that mean they were precluded from worshiping the Lord, giving honor and glory? Well, obviously not. As a matter of fact, any day that you do so would be wonderful. But they're not told to do X, Y and Z or to do thus and thus on the particular day, except just don't work on that day. Rest from your works. Why? Because it is a reminder of what God did in creation. Unfortunately, because of their hard-heartedness, their sinful hearts, their rebellious nature, the Jews did not obey the Lord's Sabbath. As a matter of fact, the Lord was angry with them, not only for not obeying his Sabbath that he gave to them, as well as other laws that they were supposed to abide by. But one of the other Sabbaths they also violated was the land Sabbath. God was angry with Israel. And so what does he say? It seems to indicate that maybe he is, has turned his back on the Sabbath and that the Sabbath at that point in time is not what it was supposed to be. And so therefore God was not honoring it. Notice what he says here in Hosea 2.11, I will put an end to all her gaiety, her feast, her new moons, her Sabbath and all her festival assemblies. So is that to say that the Lord is done away with her Sabbath? Well, let's read a few more. In Isaiah 1.13, Bring your worthless offerings no longer. Incense is an abomination to me. New moon and Sabbaths, the calling of assembly, I cannot endure iniquity and the solemn assembly.  They have become a burden to me. I am weary of bearing them. Obviously the Lord is not tired, but he's angry with their sinfulness. And what would they do? They would behave in sinful fashions and then want to observe the Sabbaths or observe these feasts and these festivals. But the Lord said, No more I cannot endure them any longer. And in Lamentations 2.6, Notice what he says he says, And he has violently treated his tabernacle like a garden booth. He has destroyed his appointed meeting place. The Lord has caused to be forgotten the appointed feasts and Sabbath in Zion. And he has despised king and priests. Now, is he specifying which particular Sabbath or Sabbaths? Well, sometimes he uses singular form and the plural form. And so it seems as though God is not involved in their Sabbath. If they decide they want to keep the Sabbath and honor the Sabbath or any of their other festivals, the Lord says fine, you do it, but I'm not in it. Why? Because of your sin. At some point in time, he's going to change things and eventually give them an eternal Sabbath, which he's going to give to all of us. Now, the question is, us as believers, those who are not Jews, should we observe the Sabbath? Well, there's no command in the New Testament for us as believers to observe a Sabbath. As a matter of fact, there's no command for us to observe any other day above the next day. What you would see happening was because the Sabbath was still exercised by the Jews and the Jews began meeting in the synagogues on the Sabbath, then that would be a prime place for proselytization to take place, for evangelizing to the Jews to take place. And so you would see oftentimes in the New Testament, you would see people like Paul and others in the synagogue preaching the Gospel to them. And there would be some that would say that is Paul's preaching in the Gospel, is that work? Remember though, the Lord has seen to have forgotten the Sabbaths, have caused those Sabbaths to be forgotten and he has no desire to be involved in their Sabbaths, according to the three passages that we read. But what he is doing, what Paul is doing and others are doing are trying to bring them, the Jews and whomever else, into a new Sabbath, into an internal Sabbath, a Sabbath in which all believers in Christ would take part in. Now, what we do notice in terms of coming together as a body, worshipping, breaking bread and so forth, we notice that in Acts 2.46 we saw this happening every day. So there was no particular day as a day of worship, every day became a day of worship. Day by day, continuing with one mind in the temple and breaking bread from house to house, they were taking their meals together with gladness and sincerity of heart, praising God and having favor with all the people and the Lord was adding to their number day by day those who were being saved. And so in this case we see that every day they were in the temples or in the houses or gathering together, breaking bread, praising God, giving glory to him and so forth. We see that a little bit different than what we saw in the Old Testament even what we see today where we think that Sunday for many of us is the day of worship. There is no such thing as a singular day of worship. Where we get this idea from that Sunday is the day, is because it's the first day of the week and in Acts 20 we begin seeing the disciples and the people of God, the children of God, the church coming together on the first day of the week. He says in Acts 27, on the first day of the week, when we gather together to break bread, Paul began talking to them intending to leave the next day. Now the point is though, on the first day of the week we see this happening and then if we also go and look and see in 1 Corinthians 16-1, Paul gives an instruction, says now concerning the collection for the saints, as I directed the churches of Galatia, so do you also, on the first day of every week each one of you is to put aside and save as he may prosper so that no collection will be made when I come. And so here we have them putting money aside, collection aside. Now this was not a command for all the churches to do so. This was specific and so we would see these examples and scriptures and therefore led to the tradition of coming together on Sunday. However, is there a particular day that we should come together? What if we don't come together on the same day? What if someone wants to come together on Saturday? What if people want to get together on Sundays? What about Wednesdays? The Bible tells us this Therefore, no one is to act as your judge in regard to food or drink or in respect to a festival or a new moon or a Sabbath day. Now, what that also means is if a person wanted to on their own observe the Sabbath, they are more than welcome to do that. There is no reason why someone can judge them for observing the Sabbath, nor can anyone judge them for not observing the Sabbath or if they worship the Lord on this day versus another day. No one is allowed to judge another for that. Every day should be regarded as a day that we give honor and praise and thanksgiving to the Lord.


Hey, my name is Fernando and I'm a technical marketing manager here at GitLab and today I'm going to show you how GitLab can accelerate your DevSecOps efficiency. Before we see what happens next, let's talk a little about GitLab security. GitLab provides tools to make life easier for not only developers, but also AppSec engineers. As part of GitLab Gold or Ultimate, AppSec engineers have access to the security dashboard, which provides an overview of the security status in your project or group of projects. AppSec engineers can also use vulnerability reports to obtain detailed lists of all the vulnerabilities in their group or project. This is where they can triage and manage vulnerabilities. In this video, we'll go over each of them and how they can benefit you. Now let's check out the security dashboard. We can access the security dashboard from the Security Compliance tab and clicking on Security Dashboard. Here we have a graph showing the vulnerabilities introduced as well as results over time. We can filter out the historical data by clicking any of the legends. At the group level, we can see that the security dashboard is available for all projects within a group and we can go and check out data from 30 days, 60 days, or 90 days. Projects are also assigned a letter grade, A through F, depending on the types of vulnerabilities that they have. We can see that F has critical vulnerabilities present and D has higher unknown vulnerabilities present. This helps us assess the security posture of all of our projects and see which projects need to be assessed first. Now let's check out the vulnerability report. We can access it from the Security Compliance tab. Here we have an overview of every vulnerability detected within the default branch. We can sort by status, severity, as well as scanner type. I'm going to go ahead and select SAS. So here we have a SAS vulnerability that was detected on 1028 of 2020 and it's a possible binding to all interfaces. So this interests me. I go ahead and click on it and I can see exactly where this vulnerability was detected.  It's because I had set debug to true and I shouldn't set debug to true on a production application. So as an AppSec engineer, I'm going to go ahead and change the status to confirmed. So I will change the status and now you can see that it was confirmed by me and we can see when it was detected by which pipeline. We can also see an identifier to give us more information on the issue and we can create an issue for better tracking. We can also add comments and this helps AppSec engineers be able to work together and track vulnerabilities and their status, making it a lot easier to manage. You can also export the vulnerability report as a CSV or be able to dismiss vulnerabilities as a batch. So here we can dismiss three vulnerabilities and we can either say it's a false positive or that we won't fix or accept it. We can also not give a reason, but this will control red flags and the security team can assess by dismissed vulnerabilities and confirm that they actually should have been dismissed. For more information, see the links in the description and be sure to hit that subscribe button.


Hey everybody, this is John with the Christian Outreach Office, and I just want to recap a little bit of what we talked about during the harvest section of our Be A Disciple engagement. You know, Jesus calls us clearly in Matthew 28 to go and make disciples of all nations, and that's not just for a select few. That call to go and make disciples is a universal call. But before we can go out and make disciples, of course we have to be a disciple, and that's what this has been all about. Taking us into a relationship with God while we're following him and sharing in the work of building the church. Now there's a lot of people who go forth to try to build the church in different ways, but I think a key element that's going to make you successful and give you the push that you need to really bring about the change in the lives of the people that you love and the people that you work with is whether or not your life is surrendered to the power of the Holy Spirit. See, when we surrender our lives to the Holy Spirit, He produces fruits in within us. Love, joy, peace, patience, kindness. These are the fruits that the world finds attractive. These are the things that the world is looking for. You know, they may not necessarily be looking for the answer in Jesus, but they are looking for peace. They are looking for joy and they are looking for love, and when we show them these fruits active in our life, they're going to ask us, where do they come from? You know, so we need to be in filled with the Holy Spirit so that we can really be a living witness and make the Gospel attractive through our witness first and then seal the deal with our sharing of the Gospel, which is also needing to be empowered by the Holy Spirit to have its full impact. You know, Jesus always told his apostles when they went out, don't worry about what you're going to say because in those moments, the Holy Spirit will give you the words. And that's good advice for us. Sometimes we can get a trip over our own desire to be cool or to really nail that and say it in such a powerful way.  Now that means first and foremost that we are working on our own discipleship. We can't lead people to where we're not already going. So if we really want to lead, we first have to be a follower. We have to be filled with the Holy Spirit, and we have to be sold out to the fact that the Gospel is worthy of our greatest effort. You know, Jesus says, be not afraid, just go forth and produce a fruitful harvest. And if we go forth with the Holy Spirit on our side and in our hearts, there's no way that God can do anything but cause great success to our efforts and bring about the salvation of many people. So thank you for being a part of Be a Disciple. Thank you for following Christ every day in your life. And may as you go forth, God produce a fruitful harvest through your efforts. God bless.


So, we will get started with the 23rd lecture of the course and what we saw in the last two lectures is some problems on stability of a system okay. The first problem that we discussed on stability was that of a well mixed system. So, there was no spatial gradients and you only had time dependency okay. So, time dependency has to be retained because you are talking about how things behave as you progress in time. So, the governing equations of the system were couple of ordinary differential equations which are actually linked to each other. So, there are coupled ordinary differential equations. Then we did the problem on the reaction diffusion system and the reaction diffusion system it was a partial differential equation. So, that was the level of complexity we added from an ODE we went to a partial differential equation. But then we simplified things a little bit by saying that we will consider only one variable and there is only concentration okay just to illustrate the ideas. So, today now what we will do is we will actually look at a fluid flow problem and in the fluid flow problem it is going to have more than one variable the different velocity components okay and the pressure there is also going to be temperature which is the energy coming going to come from the energy balance. But then we will again keep life a little bit simple by considering only a single phase. So, we will looking only at one phase and then after we finish this problem then we will get to doing actually multi phase flow problems where we have to worry about tracking the interface okay. So, that is just to tell you the gradual evolution in the complexity of the problems that we are trying to solve. So, today what we are going to look at is this problem of natural convection and this is also called the Rayleigh-Benard problem after the scientist who actually analyze this particular system and we are going to follow that procedure and try to get some insight into this problem of natural convection okay. And we are looking at single phase single liquid or single phase as far as the liquid is concerned okay single phase. But now the system will be governed by coupled partial differential equations okay. So, because there is only one liquid we do not worry about things like and of course this is going to be bounded between solids. We do not worry about things like the kinematic boundary condition and the normal stress boundary condition or the interface we do not have to worry about interface deformation. After this we will solve problems where we have to worry about those also will include those effects in the model okay. So now what is this problem of natural convection? We will keep things simple like we always do. Look at 2 flat plates this is the y direction and this is the x direction and this is the z direction okay. Now we have in this coordinate system 2 flat plates one is at y equals 0 and the other is at y equals h. These flat plates are extending to infinity in the x direction and in the z direction okay. So, we have rectangular plates extending to infinity in the x and z directions. The spacing between the plates is h. Now we want to talk about this problem of natural convection okay. So as opposed to so convection means you are going to have movement and natural convection as you all know is going to be caused by density differences okay. So if you have a layer of liquid or a fluid at the bottom which is having a lower density than the layer at the top then it will have a tendency to rise up because the density is lower because of the buoyancy it has a tendency to go up and when it goes up the fluid which is on the top will have a tendency to come down which is heavier and so you can have motion you can have circulation set in okay. Normally the natural convection that we talk about is caused by density differences which are going to be induced by temperature gradients. So if there is a layer of fluid when there is a temperature gradient the hot fluid at the bottom which is at the higher temperature will have a lower density and this guy has a tendency to rise up okay.  So basically what I am saying is that there are 2 plates the lower plate is at a temperature T0 the top plate is at a temperature Th okay and so T0 and Th are the temperatures of the 2 plates that is the first thing and natural convection arises because of density gradients these density gradients induced by temperature gradients. So you all know that density is a function of temperature okay and therefore we need to basically include the effect of this density dependent C on temperature and to be able to proceed okay. Now if you have a configuration of this kind let us consider first the case where case T0 is less than Th which means the lower plate is colder than the upper plate okay. So what does this mean you have a less dense fluid at the top a more dense fluid at the bottom so that is a configuration where you will have stability always in the sense that there is nothing which is going to cause this liquid to go up okay is a stable configuration. So here the less dense fluid is on top of a more dense layer okay and this is the stable configuration and we do not expect to see any convection. What about the reverse case the reverse case is when T0 is greater than Th that is the lower plate is hotter than the upper plate okay. So when T0 is greater than Th the less dense fluid is below the more dense fluid buoyancy forces this fluid to rise up okay. So if you just look at the buoyancy effect the less dense fluid has a tendency to rise up.  So basically what I am saying is viscous viscosity acts as a friction opposes this tendency for the liquid to go up. I am just trying to tell you that there are 2 forces that you have to look at one is the buoyancy force which is trying to push this guy up the viscous force which is trying to prevent it from moving up. So what does that mean it means that when the temperature difference here T0-Th is small sufficiently small okay the buoyancy force is going to be less okay in comparison to the viscous force. Viscous force of course is going to be decided by the viscosity times the velocity gradient okay. So that is going to be dominating the buoyancy force the viscous force will dominate the buoyancy force when T0-Th is sufficiently low. But what is going to happen as we keep increasing the temperature of the bottom plate there is going to be a time which comes or there is going to be a value of this lower plate temperature which comes when the buoyancy force is going to dominate over the viscous force and then liquid is going to start moving okay. So again we have a situation where there is a critical parameter and this critical parameter experimentally you can think of as the temperature of the lower plate. For a value of this parameter the lower plate temperature greater than a certain value I expect that to be natural convection. If the temperature is lower than that critical value there is going to be no natural convection because viscosity is basically going to prevent the motion. All I am trying to tell you is that just because you have a small temperature gradient you do not have expect a natural convection to take place okay. It is not that any small delta T is going to give you convection. You need to have a significant amount of delta T and what we want to do is we want to see if we can determine what this critical value of delta T is by posing this problem as a stability problem okay. And that is basically what our strategy is our objective is to identify this delta T and get this yeah. It would depend on the delta T would depend upon a whole bunch of things and that is what the analysis will tell us. The analysis will tell us it will depend upon the properties of the fluid. It will depend upon the gap between the plates and what are these different things on which it is going to depend upon the analysis is going to tell us. Yes but it will depend upon the fluid. It will depend upon how strong the density variation is with temperature okay. It will depend upon the thermal conductivity of the fluid. It will depend upon many things okay. So here what I am saying is if T0-TH is sufficiently low then F viscous is more than F buoyancy. The liquid is static. If T0-TH is greater than a critical value F buoyancy will be greater than F viscous and we expect to see convection. So the question is how do you go about determining this critical temperature or temperature difference and like he says it is going to depend upon the fluid properties. It is going to depend upon space etc. So this let me just call this delta T critical which is T0-TH or delta T is T0-TH okay has a critical value above which we have convection okay. So what we want to do is find out what this critical value is. So we want to find delta T critical okay and this is done by posing the problem as a stability problem. So we want to ask the question in the context of the stability framework that we have introduced earlier okay. Another way to look at this whole thing is supposing there is very small delta T okay then what it means is the mechanism of heat transfer that you are going to have is going to be that of only conduction. That is conduction alone is enough for you to transfer the heat from the lower plate to the upper plate. If the delta T becomes high then conduction alone is not enough for you to do the heat transfer and so in order to facilitate the heat transfer the in addition to conduction you have convection which is necessary for you to transfer the heat okay. There is one way to look at it also okay. So that is so what I am saying is for low delta T conduction alone then transfer the heat. For high delta T conduction convection are required in the heat transfer from the lower plate to the upper plate okay. Now so clearly what we need to do is we need to write down the how do we go about solving this problem of stability. We need to write down the governing equations. So what are the governing equations that are required? One is the continuity equation and the momentum equations in the x and y direction or rather in the x and y direction we are going to assume it is infinity in the z direction and we also need the energy balance equation because we need to worry about how the temperature is changing okay. We need to include the energy balance equation also. So the governing equations are and why do I need both x and y direction because when the hot liquid here has a tendency to go up okay. This guy the coal liquid from here is going to have tendency to come down. So you are going to get something like a circular vortex okay and I am extending although I am extending this to infinity what I expect to see is I am expecting to see a periodically repeating pattern of these kind of cylindrical rolls. So basically this means that I have this kind of a situation all of the same size okay and this is extending to infinity in the z direction. The point I am trying to make here is the system is extending to infinity in both x and z direction. To keep my life simple what I am going to do is I am going to exploit the fact that the thing is extending to infinity in the z direction and look for solutions which are independent of z okay. So we are just saying that things are independent of z just to keep it mathematically tractable. In the x direction also it is extending to infinity but I am not going to use the argument that it is going to be spatially uniform in the x direction. I am going to look for a solution which is periodic in the x direction okay. So I just want and the reason why I am doing this is because of the temperature gradient I am going to say that I what do I expect physically I am expecting that this guy goes up this hot fluid comes down and this is going to occur at some kind of a regular periodic spatially periodic interval okay and that is one of the things which we want to find out. How does the system behave when your delta t critical is exceeded okay when you say convection is going to take place but how exactly is the liquid going to move just like we saw yesterday in the reaction diffusion problem the velocity was 0 but when it becomes unstable you have a solution which is like a parabolic thing with a maximum at the center okay. So now beyond a delta t critical what exactly is going to be the pattern. So I have already given you the answer that one possible pattern is this kind of a periodic cylindrical roll okay. So this is called a cylindrical roll clearly because this is circular x is infinity so it is a cylinder and therefore it is a cylindrical roll okay. So this is one possible pattern and one of the things we really want to find out is things like what is the spacing etc etc yeah is it fine. The actual case will be definitely different than this right mathematical formulation. No the actual case in the sense that when you say okay the actual case is when you are doing an experiment when you are doing an experiment you would have walls at these two ends okay and then you need to actually have to worry about the boundary conditions. So supposing you have a very long length in the x direction okay if you forget the end effects where the boundary condition is going to prevail and if you focus somewhere in the center then this is one possible pattern that you can get okay. Now as we go along I will talk about there are other patterns also possible this is just for easy visualization you can have other patterns like hexagons etc possible when you consider 3 dimensional thing when you have variations in the x, y and z direction but then just to keep math simple right now we are just looking at it this way but then experimentally and then as we go along I will explain to you when what decides what pattern and all that okay but different patterns are possible. Now I am beginning to read the Shubham's mind now that is dangerous okay. So let us write the governing equations equations are the continuity equation which is divergence of u equals 0 okay and since I am neglecting things in the z direction I do not write the momentum equation in the z direction I am just going to write the equation in the x and y direction okay. Momentum equation in the x and y directions what is that plus this is in the x direction right so this is x direction and this gravity is not in the x direction and then I have this squared gravity is I think known words so it is not in the y direction and so just give me a minute yeah. So the question is what I have written is wrong and this equation is valid only for an incompressible liquid when you say that the density is constant it does not change with x y time okay. So this objection is I should use the full-fledged form of the continuity equation which is therefore a compressible fluid okay and I think that is a very valid objection in fact I was expecting that objection. So the density variation has to be included clearly okay so the equation of continuity is that is the general equation okay and so now the question is ideally I have to use the density include the density variation like this use this form of the equation of continuity in fact I need to go back to the momentum equation also and make some changes because I have actually pulled out the density from my derivative term and I need to modify that term as well okay. So what is it that I am doing here? So now the important thing whenever you are try to do an analysis is to develop a model which is as simple as possible okay but which can capture the essential physics of the process okay. So what you are saying is correct I need to use this particular form of the equation of continuity I have actually used the fact the density is constant and I have actually simplified when I wrote the momentum equations and stuff like that but so that has been an approximation which has been made okay. So idea whenever you are solving any problem is to keep the model as simple as possible so that you can basically solve it mathematically and try to get some physical insight okay that is what we are trying to do here. If you want to get the most accurate solution and to the 8th decimal place or the 9th decimal place then you need to sit here and you know put the density inside your continuity equation and solve the full-fledged model without making any assumptions any approximations. So the question now is what is the simplest thing we can do which will capture the physics which will retain the physics and give us insight into the problem that we are studying okay. So clearly density is a function of temperature temperature is changing with x and y because of the density the temperature gradient. So what we want to do is we want to keep the model simple and so that I can possibly solve it analytically and get physical insight okay and to answer this question how does this critical delta t depend upon thermal diffusivity viscosity etc. Otherwise what are you going to do you are going to have bunch of equations you will go to the computer write a finite difference code and keep running simulations and say oh now it is not convecting now it is convecting and you have no clue as to what is going on okay. So we want to basically get out of that situation where we are just going blindly to the computer and doing some calculations. So the approximation we have made an approximation here like you have just pointed out and this approximation is called the business approximation okay. So let me just write down a few things. We want a mathematical model which is simple but can capture the essential and important physics. This gives us physical insight into what is going on okay. Otherwise if we do not simplify you will have a bunch of computational results which we cannot make head or tail out of okay. Interpret computational results you will have a whole bunch of results coming out of your calculations and then you say oh if I change my density I got this when I change this I got that but then at the end of the day you will be lost okay. But then also you should be careful that you do not simplify things too much that nothing is happening okay. So I mean that is the important thing but do not simplify too much that you do not get any convection no matter how much you are heating it okay that also you should be very careful about okay. But do not simplify too much and that I think is the key thing do not simplify too much to lose the physics okay. So that is the game you have to do. So what we and what I have done now is actually and the way I have written these equations is we have done what is called the Buiznetsk approximation. So what is this Buiznetsk approximation? The Buiznetsk approximation is the thing where we are making this simplification okay. So now like we have to retain the density dependency on temperature correct because if you do not have the density dependency on temperature there is no way you are going to have any convection. So this has to be included. Do you want to include the density dependency on temperature wherever the density is occurring which means I will have to include it there, I will include it maybe here and maybe modify this equation suitably okay or is it possible for me to include the density dependency only on one term which is important which is going to be crucial and treat in all the other terms as if density is being constant okay because if it is a liquid you really do not expect a very, very significant change in the density. If it is a gas yes there will be significant changes in density as you change temperature. So the one term in which you want to actually retain the density dependency on temperature you guys want to take half a minute and identify which term you want to retain this thing in the way I have written that density is occurring in here, here, there and in the equation of continuity right. So which term do you think we need to retain the density dependency on temperature? In the gravitational term because that is the one which is going to give you the buoyancy force okay. The rho g term is the one so if I have the density dependence on temperature retained in the rho g term and for all practical purposes everywhere else I am going to assume density is constant okay and that is basically the approximation this business approximation that I am talking about which is basically telling you that everywhere else I am going to treat this as if it is a constant rho 0 but in rho g because that has to be retained for me to get my because eventually it is the density gradient in the direction of the gravity which is actually causing the motion okay and that has to be retained. So basically what this means is here we keep rho as a function of temperature only in the rho g term in the y equation okay. This is necessary to get natural convection at all other places since we treat density as being equal to a constant which is equal to rho 0 okay. So what I am going to do and that is the reason my equation of continuity is written that way I have simplified it okay. So we use the divergence of u equal to 0 for an incompressible fluid. I am going to quickly pull a fast one here put a rho 0 here and a rho 0 there. So just put rho 0 here because at these places I do not want to include my density dependence on temperature but that term over there rho g term I keep rho as a function of temperature okay. So only in the rho g term I retain the temperature dependency and we are going to keep life simple which is assume a very linear relationship for the temperature density dependence on temperature rho 0 times 1 plus beta times t minus t0 okay. So rho 0 is a density at t equal to t0 and everywhere else it is varying linearly. So just keep this the linear dependency and what does this mean? I need to have beta as positive or negative density has to decrease with temperature. So beta is negative whereas temperature increases density has to decrease okay. So now so what I have done therefore is a simplified model okay and that simplification is called the business approximation and again that is the whole motivation for any modeling any exercise you do is see the idea is if you want to even solve the full-fledged problem at the end of the day this critical delta t that you are getting with this business approximation maybe let us say 80 degree Celsius okay with all this complication maybe 81 degree Celsius and that you would not be able to do with your computations you would not be able to get at that value okay. So I mean if you as an engineer for 1 degree you are willing to compromise if you can do a simplified model and get some insight. So that is the motivation okay. Of course if somebody is teaching a computational fluid dynamics course he may possibly argue the other way that is different. So what do you want to do now is we want to written down the modeling equations we want to find the steady state okay and what is the steady state that you have the steady state you have is going to be one which is stationary where the liquid is not moving okay.  So I told you that we are going to look at this as a stability problem. And so in order to find a stability problem we need a steady state to find the stability right and what is the steady state? What is the one possible steady state? The one possible steady state is the one where the liquid is not moving the u is 0, v is 0 okay. So a steady state is the one where the liquid is stationary that means u equals 0, v equals 0 there is no motion right I mean and that you clearly expect that that is going to be true for low delta t and in fact you will see that that is going to be true for no matter what the delta t is. So u equal to 0, v equal to 0 is a steady state for all values of the parameter but then it is stable for low delta t. It is unstable for large delta t which is the reason you see the convection okay. So when we do this you will understand it better but what I want to do now is find out the corresponding variation in the pressure and the temperature liquid is not moving fine. So how do I find the variation in the pressure and temperature? Go to the momentum equation. Momentum equation in the x direction tells you dp by dx equals 0, pressure is independent of x. This was base state this is my steady state okay. So this I should write as a my steady state uss vss because and this is the steady state whose stability I am interested in and when this guy becomes the idea is when this guy becomes unstable I have my natural convection just like when I have the u equal to 0 becoming unstable I had the concentration varying in my reaction diffusion problem. In my y direction what is the story? In my y direction you just put uss equal to 0 vss equal to 0 you get dp by dy equals minus rho not g and 1 plus beta times tss minus t not okay but I do not know what the steady state profile is for temperature and how do I find that? I find that by I never wrote the temperature equation is it? Oh I need to write the temperature equation. So in order to find the temperature profile I need to write the temperature equation which is the energy equation let me come here and here again I have rho I keep that as rho 0 dy equals k times okay. So that is your energy equation in the simplified form accumulation convection conduction and I keep density constant here okay but that is not important and steady state that goes off. So there is no convection for that particular thing so there is no motion and again now it is infinite in the x direction okay. So if you have a steady state solution with infinite in the x direction and there is no variation in the boundary so you expect that this will also be 0 and you only have d square t by dy square equal to 0 okay. This is 0 since infinite in x direction and so the steady state is going to be given by d square tss by dy square equals 0 okay and you have tss equals t0 I mean you need to use the boundary conditions okay. Boundary conditions are at y equal to 0, t is t0 and y equals h I have t equals th. So you will get a linear profile, you will get a linear profile tss is going to be of the form ay plus b and you can actually calculate what the temperature is going to be, temperature is going to be linear. So clearly if you have a solid slab where nothing is moving your temperature gradient is linear because only conduction is taking place and that is the situation we have here. We have only conduction taking place and so I have a linear temperature profile that is my base steady state. Once I calculate what the steady state is I will substitute it here and I can calculate how my pressure is varying in the y direction okay. So that is the idea so what we have done today is just found this steady state. Now clearly in fact if I have a little bit more guts I will actually solve this problem and y equal to 0 I need to get t0. So this b must be t0 and at y is equal to h I must get th right. So y equal to 0 I get t0 and y is equal to h I get th that is my profile. So that is my linear profile for my steady state temperature okay and what I do is I substitute this here and I can find dpss by dy can be found as minus rho naught g times 1 plus beta times tss is tss minus t0 is th minus t0 times y by h something like this okay. I just substitute the tss here. The point I am trying to make here is that no matter what h is no matter what th is what no matter what t0 is this is always a steady state okay. So this steady state where the liquid is not moving is going to be valid always okay. But then as we just argued earlier when the delta t becomes more than a critical value this is not going to be something which you are going to experimentally observe. Experimentally observe this only when delta t is lower than a critical value okay. So this the fact that the guy starts moving an actual experiment means that this guy has become unstable. So we want to find this delta t critical by solving the stability of the steady state. You are going to find out when is this guy becoming unstable okay and just like we have got some relationship for diffusion coefficient the other day we are going to find a relationship to find out when this guy starts moving. And for that we start with the governing equations for the steady state do the linearization and solve that okay.