Welcome back in this video and the next couple of videos We are going to talk about sequential data. This is chapter 7 in the book So in this first video of the series We are going to talk about sequential data in abstract terms so to say so we are going to review four properties that we have seen before in the video where we compared abstract data types versus concrete data types and Review for properties that every sequence so to say has so to do that. Let's Create a new notebook and Simply rename it into sequences So let me give you two examples of a sequence the first one is going to be simply a list of numbers and As we do in this course many times Let's simply take the list of numbers from 10 through 12 this time are provided to you in order. Usually we do that well with random order But here the numbers are provided in order and it's also create a second object which I call text and There's a simply going to be a text. Let's say lorem ipsum and I think it is so long the law sit on me it Okay, so the question now is what to do these two objects have in common So first of all know that both have a different data type so in memory they will look different So if I ask the Python to build in a type function And I call it once for numbers and I call it once for text then what we Get is we get the answer that number is a list object and the text is a string object Okay, so what is the commonality so the commonality is that both are sequences? Okay, so let's write that down both so-called sequences and Sequences are a special breed of a so-called collection and a collection is also a term just like sequences that is formalized in the Python documentation So let's also write that down sequences a special version of Collections so let's review the properties. So the first property we are going to review is the so-called Container property. So let's make this a header maybe so the container property and The container property simply means an object in abstract terms contains references to other objects So how can we see that with with the numbers and text example? Well, we can see that by using the in operator so let's go ahead and check if the number zero is in numbers and It is not that we get back the false as the answer here The more important thing is that the in operator works with numbers as the right operand and in the similar spirit We can go ahead and check if The letter O is in the text and this also works and this time we get back true So the answer true or false is not the important thing here the important thing is that the in operator itself works so I give you an example of Where the of a situation where the in operator does not work. So let's say let's go ahead and Maybe take the number 333 and The number consists of three digits so to say and we could ask question Is the dirt is the digit three in the number? 333 and to us humans we would say yes, but in this case to Python it the question doesn't make sense So this is why we see a type error. So in other words the in operator does not work with the integer data type So in other words the integer data type does not have the container property Okay, but the list data type and the string data type they have So you may wonder How can I come up with these terms and I told you earlier that these terms are formalized in the in the documentation There's an another way of how to look up these names or how to see that the names must be correct From the standard library. Let's go ahead and import from the collections module the so-called ABC sub module from from the collection collection module and let's Import it as simply ABC. Okay. ABC stands for abstract base class In other words, this is basically the fancy term for an abstract data type And there are a couple of them that are defined on the ABC object here One of them is going to be the container property. So let's go ahead and we see that Container indeed is a class. So class we will see in chapter 10 Which is a bit advanced but a class is basically a blueprint for how to construct objects of this data type And we have seen classes before that the the built-in classes like int and list. They're also the what we called the constructor functions This was basically The two sides of the same coin here. So what can we do with the container ABC the container abstract base class? Well, the only thing that we could really do is we could use python is instance function is instance And we could check if numbers which is a list is also So let's go ahead and check if numbers is a list python tells me yes numbers is a list It is an instance of a list But also instead of using a concrete data type here What we could do is we could use the abstract data type. So let's go ahead and ask if numbers Is a container in abstract terms and the answer is true as well Okay, and the same of course holds true For the text object So if I ask python hay is text the object the string object also a container Then python will confirm to me. Yes, it is a container and just to illustrate the the point that for the digit 300 For the number 333 we get a type error here We could of course also go ahead and ask the question Is the number 333 also a container And the answer is in this In this case false. So a true here means the in operator is supported a false here means the in operator is not supported So there's a one to one correspondence so usually When programming you don't see um use you don't see the abc module here are used that often Okay, it is a bit of an abstract thing and there are Cases where we want to use it but for a beginner It is not so important to understand the abc module here I'm just illustrating here that you see that the terms I come up with They actually exist somewhere in the in the core of python in this in in this case in the standard library Okay, so that is one property the container property, but there are a couple of more properties So another important property which we already also saw in the video abstract data types versus concrete data types is the property Of we call it sized And the size property simply means does the object contain a finite number of references So we have we are a container um here because we are we contain references to other objects But now the question is Uh, is the number of references to other objects? Is it finite or is it infinite? And the answer is if an object is a so-called sized object then the number is finite, of course And what does that mean when coding? Well for coding purposes This means that the object supports being used as the argument to the lend built-in function Okay, so if I call the lend function and I pass to it numbers Um, I get get back 12 which is the number of numbers in the numbers list here if I go ahead and um Call the lend function and I pass it text. I get back 27. Why 27? Well 27 is the number of characters in the text object here. Okay, the number of uh, Unicode characters to be precise Now let's go ahead and also Call the lend function and it's passed to it the number 333 So we could imagine that we as humans when we view a number with three digits Then we could think of the length of the number to be three for example because it has three digits in it, right? So if I execute this I get a type error again And what we learn from that is that um, the integer data type is also not a sized data type Okay, so the integer data type is neither a container nor a size data type But both the numbers and the text objects so the the list and the string objects They are both container and sized data types So it doesn't stop here So what I'm not doing here is I'm not doing the example with the abc module here for the sized Thing here for the size property, but this could also be done But let's simply go ahead to two more properties So the third property Is what we simply refer to as the iterable property And the iterable property simply means we can loop over an object So let's try that out Let's loop over the numbers list and we already know that this works because in the very first example of this course We already looped over a list. So we know that this has to work So I simply go ahead and say four number in numbers So I'm using numbers the list object as the target over which I'm looping And let's do something very simple. Let's say print Let's say number Let's square it and let's also print everything On one line and now we have the square numbers from one to twelve Okay, quite simple But the the important idea is we can loop over the numbers object and therefore the numbers object is iterable Now let's do the same exercise with the text object And as we already saw in the previous videos where we talked about the string data type in detail We can also loop over the text object here. So we can say for character in text And let's simply say print character And let's simply put One space in between all the characters and then we get the same sentence printed out But there is a space in between every character Okay, so um the important idea here is not that we can loop over them But the important idea is that or that we The important idea is not that the list and the text or in the string object Define looping on their own so to say but the The big idea is that both share the commonality both share the same behavior in this regard and we call it the iterable behavior And if we do that with the number 333 so if I say for for example for digit in 333 print digit I am also simply going to get a type error because a in data type again is not iterable here Okay, so Why are these three properties so important? So container sized and iterable because they make up um the term collection or the let's call it the matter the matter Property of a collection. So let's write that down here in parentheses First three properties That is what a collection is. Okay, and now every collection that also has one more property is what we call a sequence And this fourth property that is so important we can Use the formal name, but we can also Use an easier name so the formal name would be reversible And the easier way would simply be ordered So a data type that models some order so in other words the numbers in the list are ordered but also the characters in the string are ordered That is what we refer to as a reversible data type and reversible is just a fancy name here because if something can be reversed It has to have a forward order to begin with otherwise we couldn't reverse it, right? So let's drive it out right rather quickly and let's simply copy paste the for loop from above And one way to check if something is reversible is to simply Use it as the argument to the reversed built in So if I say for number in reverse numbers, I get the the square numbers in reverse order and of course If we do that for the string object as well We will see that this also works Okay, and all the objects in python all data types in python that Support all the four properties here are what we call sequences and sequences are in particular valuable When we want to model sequential data And now you may wonder why do I um focus so much on on sequence sequences and the four properties. Well the reason is Almost a lot of the data that we as business people work with In data science for example are sequential data. So whenever you open an excel file or ccv file, that is sequential data Okay, vectors are sequential data matrices are sequential data And a lot a lot more other things. So all the data that you typically store in an sql database They can be viewed as a sequential Data set and so on so everything we are going to learn in this big chapter in chapter 7 That talks about sequential data in in general This will fulfill these four properties and you can always relate it into your head to basically working with excel-like data In in a programming language Okay, so this this video here is basically a review or a focused video Continuing from the abstract versus concrete data types video earlier in the course And here we are focusing in particular on sequential data Now you understood everything you need to know in generic terms about sequential data and again You could check it in code using the abc module But as a beginner you probably won't need that too often, but long term In the long term basis, I think it's very valuable to also look into the abc module other than that simply Know the four properties and the big reason why you as a beginner should know these four properties is If we go into the python documentation, so let's for example Go into the library reference and into the page that we have so far seen the most the built-in functions page If I go ahead and look for let's say iterable, we will find it very very often And now you know what that means iterable is simply any object over which we can loop It can be a list, but it can also be a string We don't care any object that we can loop over in abstract terms And also the term sequence you will find very often So if you look for seq you get 28 search hits here So knowing these terms is not only valuable for theory for theory But it's also valuable for read for learning how to read documentation And when you can do that when you learn how to read the documentation efficiently Then you will become a good programmer quite soon So I will see you in the next video when we talk about the list data type. See you then


What's going on? The one with the... Here, let me see it. This one? I can walk. I can call it. This is the wrap. I'm putting a bit of bandage on the wrap it on. And then once you put that on, you just get me up over there and I can just... I'll have my arm around you. There's a clip on it, right? Yeah. And once you do that, just clip it in. We can't move you without these. We're pretty deep into the forest, probably... Grab his legs. Okay. It's gonna be okay, man. It's gonna be okay. All right, guys. Hey, sir, don't stop us. He here? Don't let me get you to go back. Yeah? No, not you. Okay, sir. There you are. Okay. They're communicating. The row near the... Can we see it? It's good.  Yeah. There you go. Know what you want to do? Yes. All right. You can be closer, but... Hey, hey, hey. Hold on. All right, let's go. All right, let's go around this way. There's no hill drop over here. Whoa, guys. Hey, we gotta get out of here. Okay. I'm gonna slide him down. You guys good to receive? Yeah. Watch out for it. It's tough. I know. You're gonna have to lift him here. I'll go over there. My intervention is still working.


క్ర్ల్ల్ క్వ్ల్ల్ ఆవ్రిందాడింపికెకిక్డికెందిత్డంూటిఇనోక్టాదెకొర్డాత్రి హినోక్ప్నింట్వైనిక్నిటిక్కడికెటికోల్సోాను� Maybe you put it in presentation mode. Yes, yes, yes, it's okay. Can you see? Yes, now it's, yeah. Dear professor, you have 20 minutes. Okay, thank you very much. Thank you very much. This talk, let me start by thanking the organizers of this conference for permitting me to share part of what I'm doing over the years. Some of the areas of my research over the years. This talk deals with the modeling magnetotama, banjileya flow of nanoflufts and its engineering cooling applications. The presentation of a view is as described as follows. We have introduction and review from the interquestions, model, formulations, numerical approach, numerical result, conclusion inference. Now, what is MHD? Because we look at the title deals with magnetonato fluid. So MHD deals with a magneto hydrodynamics. And the study of the direction of magnetic field with conducting fluids. And this is as similar important to study because of its engineering applications. MHD deals with the conducting fluid, especially nanoflufts, which are made up of nanoparticles, that are metallic particles that are susceptible to magnetic fields. And you can see that the concept of MHD is a very great concept in science and engineering. And it has won the kind of prize for our friend who got the prize on the work on MHD. Now, what is in bandelier? Bandelier just simply means when a fluid flow on the surface, when you have a fluid to flow on the surface, for instance, when the surface is very, very hot, you want to cool the surface. What we normally do is to put fluid on the surface, to extract the heat out of the surface. So when the fluid flow on the surface, the dynamics of the flow need to be studied. And when we study it, we will be able to know how to enhance the cooling rate of the surface. And some of the applications are very wide. For instance, although in this talk I am talking about the industrial cooling, the generic cooling of surfaces because so many engineering devices they do generate heat from time to time and they need to be cooled. And the modelling we enable us to be able to know the right type of fluid to use and under what condition can we get the best result. So this and the bottom line, that for the bottom lines of the work I am presenting. So bless us in 1908 this with the concept of bandelier flow and there was a student of Prandtl the issue but his own motive is to look at the flow over airfoil the dynamics of airfoil you see aircraft moving in the air that is his own motive to study this kind of bandelier flow for the airfoil and was able to have some what we call similarity solutions that give some reasonable solution that predict the drag on the airfoil and also how to reduce the drag. But in this we are going to look at the concept of nanofluid what is nanofluid? Nanofluid as you are aware of from what I have been talking previously you can see is a mixture of nanoparticles nanoparticles you know nanoparticles obtained from nanosize particles so you fabricate metallic or non-metallic material in form of nanoparticles and these metallic and non-metallic materials they are highly conductive they have high thermal conductivity but you have a liquid like water, oil and polymer solutions so the thermal conductivity is very small very low but the nanoparticles have high thermal conductivity where you mix nanoparticles just small percentage you mix it like 1% of nanoparticles you mix this volume of water under laboratory condition you see that the thermophysical properties of this outcome which is called nanofluid will be very different from this ordinary water because it will have better thermal conductivity and better magnetic susceptibility based depending on the nanoparticles you use so this is what is called nanofluid you can see what I have mentioned here if you look at here you can see that ordinary fluid liquids like NG oil and nuclear cold water the thermal conductivity is very low but when you get to aluminum silicon aluminum copper sliver they have high thermal conductivity so and for you to extract it from the earth surface you need a liquid of high thermal conductivity that can conduct the heat so if you marry the metallic nanoparticle with the liquid a small percentage of this it improve the heat transfer enhancement of the base fluid which can be oil and nuclear cold water it can be any of this fluid you will get a very excellent coolant which will be able to enhance the cooling rate of the surface and that is very important in terms of engineering applications of all surfaces so these are the concepts what are the applications the applications you can see various applications the applications electronics cooling electronics gadgets they generate heat with the use with the help of nanofluid to get a better cooling rate for efficient performance also you know in the transport industry most of our vehicles we use coolant in the vehicles aircraft to make sure that it reduces the heat produced by the engine for efficient operation even in industry where you want to in meta casting or you want to cast metal you have to cool them using nanofluid you can get a better shape a smooth material a smooth shape in a better efficient material using nanofluid for cooling also you can see nuclear power plant in nuclear power plant nanofluid can be used for cooling of nuclear power plant medical application is there even in military you can see some of the military equipment when they are in operation they generate a lot of heat and when they generate a lot of heat nanofluid is used in cooling them for efficient operation under operation so these are many many applications of nanofluid now let's go to the model itself the fundamental concept in the modeling of nanofluid is based on the continuum mechanics the continuum mechanics involve the fundamental law of conservation of mass which is continuity equations conservation of momentum and conservation of energy here we are dealing with a single phase nanofluid model so you have this we assume that the fluid the liquid we are talking about is incompressible then you have continuity equation given the advantages of the of the velocity factor to be zero and the navier-store equation if you assume that you are talking of Newtonian liquid Newtonian liquid then you can use navier-store equation you can assume water or in this case I am using Newtonian liquid you can have non-Newtonian then we have when you mix this Newtonian liquid with nanoparticle then you have the equation the density of nanofluid and this nanometric density of nanofluid and then you have this one which is Lorentz force Lorentz force is given as the force where you apply magnetic field to the flowing of nano of conducting fluid there is a Lorentz force which is a force that try to slow down the movement of the fluid and this is very important in cooling surfaces because you don't want the fluid to flow very fast you want to slow it down so you apply this Lorentz force which is a current density across the magnetic field factor so you have this one then this energy equation which comes from the first law of thermodynamics and you have this one at jou-eating which is the effect of magnetic field then you have the mass equation which also come into play because of the presence of Lorentz force and jou-eating in the energy equations these are body force and these are internet generation due to magnetic field so when you have all these the concept of mass equation into magnetic field comes in which you have to apply to get this Lorentz force and so on now without wasting time remember this one is Ohm's law which you have there and the further there is this and Ohm's law and this one they all forms what you call mass equation then the thermo-physical properties of the base fluid and nanofluid is needed for us to predict when we do the experiment in the lab we want to predict how each of these nanofluids we work which will give us a better result in this case I'm using pure water as my base fluid which is a heavy density as follows and copper nanoparticles is heavy density as follows and alumina data these are the specific heat properties and this is the thermal conductivity and this was electrical conductivity of each of these and this one can be obtained from the literature they are there and under laboratory condition we can obtain all these properties which can be obtained now this is a relationship between nanofluids density and this F is for nanofluids and it is for base fluid and S subscript denotes that of nanoparticle and F is the amount the quantity of the nanoparticle mixed with the base fluid if F is one that means you fill up the whole base fluid with nanoparticle and that cannot work we have to use up to maybe 10% maximum you can use 0.1% of nanoparticle it creates a lot of difference than using only base fluid so this F can be 0.01% 0.02% and so on very small amount of nanoparticle so these are the thermal thermal physical properties which we have to use and this one is electrical conductivity all these are in pre-care result which are in the literature based on experiments on the relationship between nanoparticle and base fluid so we have this one the thermal conductivity of base fluid and so on and this one is the dynamical viscosity of nanofluid and this one is the natural base fluid anyway let's go to the model this is the model the model is assuming that it is a chemical reaction taking place here that is generating heat or you are having nuclear reactor generating heat now you want to put a nanofluid to make sure it cool the surface because if the heat is generated here if you have the heat generated and the direction of heat is continued then this surface can be damaged if the heat is not taken out so then also the surface it can zoom this surface due to the heating of the surface there can be stressing of the surface the surface can stress or the surface itself can shrink there can be shrinking of the surface you can have shrinking surface stress in surface so all these are working on this so yeah I don't know what is going on with the program it is not responding there is freezing here in the program I guess I don't know why it is freezing I think you were removed from the full screen mode maybe I don't know maybe what I do here let me share again let me share again sorry for that in all this technology one can have all this the earth is just frozen now I am sorry I am putting it again to share yes okay now I will move very fast you want to use for 20 minutes yeah okay can you see me yes we see on the screen let me share now share okay let me just go very fast now okay you have 3 minutes left 3 minutes yeah okay you have this so let me go to the result so when you do that we have the model this model is what we got the model equation is this we solve this model equation these are the parameter we have there these are the solution the method we use these are the solution for the solution here we see that can you see now for shrinking surface yes for shrinking surface we realize that we have dual solution for shrinking surface the third one and you have this one so for shrinking surface we have dual solution the upper solution and the lower solution that's what we have this upper solution is what we discover in the experimental observation this is due to the non-linearity of the problem and this is what we have here and also for we have this one for shrinking surface we also do the endodynamic stability analysis of the problem to know which one is the correct solution so when we do the endodynamic stability of the problem this is what we get we see that the upper solution branch is one that is stable the lower solution branch is unstable because it giving us the negative again value and full negative where it will diverge the one that converges is the that manages the stopper to go to zero and give us the basic solution which is observed in engineering experiment is what we have as the dual part solution which means when you look at the solution the solution you get on the experiment is this what are we saying the solution which you have here is saying if you have nanoparticle you have nanoparticle in the fluid you are going to get a better cooling rate and at the same time you are going to have the skin friction which you have the effect of the fluid on the surface will be more however you get a better cooling rate that is what we have under the velocity profile sorry yes you can see here now from here you can see the what you have here for alumina and copper copper will be a better coolant will flow closer to the surface than alumina water so this one the boundary layer thickness of copper water which you have here of copper water is smaller than that of alumina water so copper water will keep you a better coolant and that is what we have there and you see where you have is five zero that means no nanofluid then the fluid flow away from the surface very fast but as you increase the nanofluid 10% open to hand move closer to the surface and that is what you see here also in the result display here you can see now from here copper water is this the temperature is very high it takes it more than where you use ordinary water the temperature at the surface is very very low so it takes low heat than using copper water because it has heat transfer from the surface and the cooling rate so those are the things we have anyway let me give you the conclusion in question time prior we were able to to be able to speak more in the question time nanofluid velocity increase from the wall I mean from the wall towards the free stream the free stream is away from the surface velocity increase and because of the shrinkage and stretching velocity boundary layer thickness for aluminum water nanofluid is greater than that of copper water which means copper water will be a better coolant for the surface and also you can see here now that have increased the magnetic field cooling rates increases as well because it make the fluid it decreases the thickness of boundary layer increases the the magnetic which is M and increases nanofluid decreases the boundary layer thickness and which means you can take on more heat from the surface that is the fact of the magnetic field and you can also see here the surface is slippery slippery of the surface so these are what we have here do you have a solution where you have a shrinking surface due to heat you have to expect the upper solution branch will be the least solution which will be observed from the experiment so when we are using this to predict in the engineering fabrication of materials we have to make sure that the material does not shrink more material shrink under heat it shows that the solution to observe will be the upper solution branch which we need one to take note of in the issue of cooling of the surface and for stressing surfaces there is a unique solution we obtained here which there is no problem about that and finally to enhance the cooling rates at heat surface using nanofluid it is advisable to regulate the value of ferrous embedded parameters with respect to engineering and tertiary applications so this is what the model produced and we have worked with people for instance here in South Africa we have a laboratory called in Tambala where we have a big study of a fabrication of nanofluid some of the results are similarly useful in terms of modeling and to confirm what they are getting in the experimental many papers have been published on this type of issues but there was a paper published with that engineering laboratory that we were able to confirm some of these results that when you when you add nanoparticle or the magnetic field the heat enhancement rate the cooling rate is higher than when you use ordinary nanofluid without the application of magnetism and the only reason is because of Lorentz force we decreases the flow therefore enhances the rate at which the heat can be taken from the surface so that is what we which solve the thesis of the problem as well that is what is agreeing able with the thesis of the concept of application of magnetic field in the direction of the flow thank you very much the technology that that go down and so on but during question time we can we can deliberate and probably I will throw more light on the model thank you very much thank you professor for your very detailed so there is the question that I can read from the forum and then it's from Atmasu okay saying that the result from the result which graphically comes from experimental or numerical solution okay he is asking if the result is coming from experimental or numerical solution of the primitive equation oh sorry the result is coming from numerical solution what result this is not from experimental it is purely numerical and this numerical solution which you observe is confirmed to agree with experimental observation okay so have you done an experiment or a group did a group carry on this that is a group that is a group I have looked at the results in South Africa call it intemper lab is a lab which is based on UNESCO funding professor Malik Massa they work on issue of nanoparticles and fabrication of nanoparticles and so on and the issue of nanofreed as well so when we look at the heat transfer enhancement in terms of the of what they do you can see the result producing here confirm some of the we had the paper in 2018 we joined paper together on the issue of nanofreed and and the issue of nanofreed and the experimental work in fabrication and so on and it confirms some of the results and also in the literature the experimental literature some of the results are also confirmed which are compared some of the other papers are published thereafter in 2019-2020 okay i think that your talk was interesting for many people because i see many people who want to ask questions but now we have there's a question Robinson who wanted but i don't know i think maybe you talk privately you can give one or two maybe allow at least one Robinson just quickly it's okay thank you prof like in your formulation consider the incomprehensible fluid okay what of a model for this if that's comprehensible because of a constant equation you say that you didn't include rho this one is incompressible density it has to be averagely constant okay yes it's comprehensible the density will be very yes i know i know is it possible to consider a fluid that's comprehensible that's compressible yes it's like gas like gas like air air is a compressible fluid we can look at that in that case our fluid here our base fluid the base fluid here is water which is which is compressible i mean which is incompressible incompressible yes but when you talk of like that what can be air or gas you are using okay i think i have to stop the session right okay please ask one question i think it's better to ask the professor directly in private because maybe the discussion because now we are out of the schedule right okay please let me give my address we collaborate with several people in India Pakistan in Africa also please you can contact me i can formulate so many for compressible where you can use gas and all those things and the equation will change and get a better result we can be tested to understand so okay professor i think the meeting is also the equation the location for people so you people can be


Every comic book publisher at one time or another has experimented with an anthology of science fiction story adaptations. It's never been popular or profitable, but they've all done it. In 1976, gold key comics under their Whitman label took their turn with this four volume set that featured very brief adaptations of some of the most interesting stories in science fiction history. Most of these stories date from the 1930s, 40s, and 50s, like John W. Campbell's Who Goes There, which is the basis for John Carpenter's The Thing movie. There are examples from Theodore Sturgeon, A.E. Van Boat, Isaac Asimov, there is even Anne McCaffrey's Crystal Singer, which was a new book at the time. I cannot really recommend these books on the basis of quality or even entertainment, but there's a lot of nostalgia value here. They have that classic, silver age, non-marvel look that gold key was so famous for. The series was later republished in a single volume under the name Questar. It's not hard to find.


Today we're going to show you how to set up Bluetooth touchless disarming on the IQ panel too. This feature is awesome. Bluetooth touchless disarming allows your panel to disarm automatically when you armed your system to a way mode when you left. You can also create smart home automation rules like when my panel disarms, unlock the door and turn on the light, making it easier to just walk inside your home. In the unlikely event that you lose your phone, don't worry, you can just go into alarm.com and disable the Bluetooth disarm feature. Before we compare a phone with the IQ panel, we need to enable Bluetooth. To do this, swipe down on your settings tray, go to settings, advanced settings, type in your installer code, go to installation, devices, and Bluetooth devices. Next go into Bluetooth settings and check the box next to Bluetooth. And then check Bluetooth disarm and you're ready to go. To add a phone, touch the back arrow, select add device. To subscribe your smartphone, go into settings and touch Bluetooth. Be sure to keep your phone close to the panel. It could take about 30 seconds for the IQ panel to find it. Once the name appears on the screen, you'll select pair on the IQ panel and your smartphone. You can pair up to five smartphone devices on the IQ panel and watch you use your system more by using your system less. Make sure to subscribe to our YouTube page and click the show more tab underneath the video where you can view valuable links pertaining to this product, similar how-to videos, and our low-cost, no-contract alarm monitoring services.


This is your FBI. This is your FBI, an official broadcast from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, presented as a public service by the Equitable Life Insurance Society of the United States. To your FBI, you look for national security, and to the Equitable Society for Financial Security. These two great institutions are dedicated to the protection of you, your home, and your country. Tonight, the story of a crime against the community. Bank robbery. A man walks into a bank, holds up a teller, and walks out a few minutes later with thousands of dollars. How was he finally caught? How was he traced? What is the clue to his identity? The answer seems easy. A teller could describe him, that's true, but until 1934 there were about 600 bank robberies every year. Most of them successful. Last year there were 37, most of them unsuccessful. What brought about the change? The explanation that in 1934 Congress gave the FBI jurisdiction over certain banks is not enough. The main clue to work on is still the same, the robber's description. The real explanation lies in the FBI itself, in its organization, in its coverage, in its methods of following up a description. Of tracing bank robbers, of hunting down, for example, the two men who began plotting a bank robbery in a small rooming house in the Midwestern city a few months ago. Hi, Artie. Oh, hi, Phil. What time is it? Two o'clock. Was I sleeping that long? Yep. Who are you writing to? Nora. Oh. The color I'd hit Cincinnati around the 20th. Oh, yeah. That'll be the blow-off for us then, kid. Really got a barrier, huh? Yep. And what? Then I lay off for a couple of years. That's for squares. So I want it. Where you gonna take her?  Up in Minnesota. Nothing to do all day but fish and hunt. Yeah, yeah. On the table. She know about you and Larsonie? Nope. And she ain't gonna... What's in this box? Look out for that. Huh? Handled it real easy. Floated with dynamite. Real dynamite? Yep. I've been working on it all morning. What for? At Betsy. Huh? She's gonna go with us on the bank job tomorrow. I don't get it. You figuring on blowing that joint up? Nope. She just makes the job easy. Look, Artie. Let me give you the setup. We take Betsy into the bank with us. Uh-huh. I hand one of the tellers the note. Yeah. The note says if he don't hand over all his cash, Betsy will go off in his kissing. You go with it. No, no. He ain't that brave. He hands over the cash. Look, what's the matter with you? He's not gone. That's for kids. This makes it a nice, quiet, clean operation. Oh, wait a minute. I ain't gonna... Bill, that's how we're gonna do it, see? Artie. Special accounts window is free now. We can still do it the other way. Uh-huh. Just stand by, kid. This'll be a cinch. Help you, mister? No, thanks. Okay. Good afternoon, sir. Good afternoon. Are you making a withdrawal? Yeah. Well, may I have your passport, please? I don't think you'll need it. I beg your pardon? Just read this note. What? Read it. If this is some sort of a joke... Don't try any funny stuff. I wasn't going to. Betsy here wouldn't like it. She could go off real easy. Well? How much do you want? Everything you've got. Singles, too? Everything. Here's that money bag, then. Yes, sir. Hurry up. That thing won't go off by itself, will it? It might. Just keep on moving. Yes, sir. Don't forget them 20s. I was just putting them in. There, that's all the currency. Do you want the silver, too? No. This can be the bank. Yes, sir. Remember what the note said about not giving any alarm. I know. You better let me have that note. Oh, of course. Here. Thanks. Long time. What is the next step in the holdup of a bank? What do the criminals do next? In this case, they stop the taxi, go to the downtown section of the city, and rush into a busy crowded department store. That took 15 minutes. Long enough for the bank to notify the local police and the FBI. Long enough for the teller to give a description of the robber. Long enough for both robbers to have disappeared before the FBI and the police could throw a cordon around the department store. 15 minutes and the trail was cold, except for a description of the man. But for the agents of the FBI, that was a beginning. That was a lead. That was a clue which would lead to other clues solar or later. Is he Jim? No. Come in, Ray. Thanks. Any further developments? No. No trace of either one of them. Well, they probably went in one door of that department store, another another. Yes. Did you get a description of that second man? Not a very good one. The teller gave us a detailed picture of the first one, though. The one with the dynamite? Yes. Was it given to the police? Yes. They're sending out a general alarm. Good. Fowler speaking. Oh, yes, Sergeant. Yes. Yes, go ahead. Want to take this down, Ray? Sure. Black Chevrolet sedan. Four door. Two door. Got it. 1940 model. Illinois license plate Y-235. Y-235. Stolen from employees parking lot. Where? Behind the federal building. Thanks, Sergeant. We'll put that on the teletype right away. That might be the getaway car, right? The federal building is in the same block as that department store. Yes. Well, it sounds like we've got work to do. Now there are two descriptions. The description of a man and the description of a car. Now there is more to work on. Now the trail picks up again. But what of the bank robbers? If they have planned this crime well, they know that the stolen car will be reported, will be watched for, will lead to their capture. What do they do? They keep off the main highways, keep clear of the state roads, keep driving swiftly along lonely, unused back roads. Party. Yeah? Tell me a favor, huh? What? Get rid of that box, will you? Bitsy? Yeah. Before? When have you done what you wanted with it? I know. I just feel better having it around. What's the matter? I know. Oh, great. Take it easy. Oh, nice, huh? No gas. Look at the needle. Empty. Now don't get excited, Phil. This is no problem. One car goes dead on you, so you pick up another one. Where? What's wrong with that one up ahead there? It's coming around the bend. Hey. Come on. Hop out quick. What do we do? Find him down. I mean, how do we grab the car? Just tell him we want it, that's all. Look, you're not going to use that Betsy routine. Why not? It takes too long. I've got a better idea. Well, put that gun away, will you? Give him a wave. I'll go get Betsy. All right. Flack him down, will you? Okay. What's the matter? Our car ain't running. Oh, looks like we've got to borrow yours. Huh? Pile out, Mr. Oh, no. I told you to wait till I got Betsy. We got the car, didn't we? When the FBI works on a case, it does not work alone. It has the cooperation of the local police and the city and the surrounding counties and the whole state, if necessary. It was a local policeman who found the wounded man and telephoned in his report. Immediately, the special agents checked the engine number of the abandoned car, checked on the man who was shot, found that he had a car, and broadcasted a description of it. It wasn't long before that broadcast got results. Father speaking. Hello, Jim. Ray? Yes. We've traced our men across the line into Missouri. Are you sure? Positive. They held up a farm family in Monticello. Took some food from them and stole their car. How about the car belonging to the man who was shot? They abandoned that. The sheriff who reported it checked the motor number. I see. How badly was that man wounded? I think he'll pull through. I hope so. Ray? Yes? What's the dope on this latest car they took? 1938 Ford. We've got all details on it. An alarm has been sent out. Good. Another small lead. Hmm? This farm family heard the two men quarreling. They talked of splitting up. In that case, one of them would leave the car. Yes. Well, let's send their descriptions to every bus depot, airfield, and railway terminal in, let's see, Missouri, Iowa, and Illinois. That ought to cover it. The more stops a criminal makes in his flight, the more perfect is the description he leaves behind him. When the bank robbers held up the Missouri farmer, they indirectly presented the FBI with a portrait of themselves. Now the special agents knew what both men looked like. And that knowledge was broadcast throughout the whole region. That's why, when a short, dark man of 35 with several moles on the right side of his face, boarded an eastbound bus at Fairchild, Iowa, the local police who received the report from the station notified the FBI. The agents immediately checked the schedules, found where the bus would stop next, found when it would stop, and found that they could get there ahead of time. This is a five-minute stop. Five minutes only. They're starting to get off, Jim. Yeah. The bus is pretty crowded. We want to do this as quietly as possible. I know. Jim. I see it. Come on. Just a minute, sir. We'd like to talk to you, please. What for? Just a step over here. What is this? The special agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Ah, you might be able to help us. Well, I will if I can. We're looking for two men who held up a bank on Saturday. Later that day, the same two men shot a farmer over in Eastern County. They stole his car. So? The farmer they shot is still in the hospital. Would you mind letting him look you over? No, father. He'd know me. Never mind. The frisk got cleaned. How about money? From the job? Yes. I got my cut. What's your name? Bardo, Phil Bardo. Where's your partner? I don't know. We split up the other side of Fairchild. What was his name? He told me it was Artie Clinton. Where was he headed? He was going to see a dame in Cincinnati. Where in Cincinnati? I don't know. What about that dynamite gadget? You mean Betsy? Betsy? That's what he called it. Oh. He kept that with him. Which was okay with me. Well, Jim, at least we can tell Washington headquarters that one of them is in custody. Yes. But Arthur Clinton and Betsy are still at large. That means this case is still pure dynamite. We momentarily close the Federal Bureau of Investigation file on Arthur Clinton bank robber. We'll return to this case in just a moment. Tonight, we'd like to introduce two widely separated members of the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States to each other and to you. Mr. Lytton, we'd like you to know Helen McGrath. And Helen, we want you to meet Mr. Henry C. Lytton, President of the Hub, Henry C. Lytton and Company of Chicago, Illinois. Having attained the remarkable age of 98 years, Mr. Lytton ranks as a senior member of the Equitable Society. Helen is one of our youngest and newest members. Yesterday, she was four months old. Mr. Lytton, when you became an Equitable Member in the year 1861, the society was facing its first great crisis. The financial difficulties brought on by the Civil War. Since then, the Equitable Society has continued to grow and expand through three more wars and seven major depressions. And so, Mr. Lytton, after your 73 years' experience with the Equitable Society, we think you could tell little Helen McGrath that her father showed excellent judgment in making her a member of this society. You can assure her also that as long as she lives, the funds of her society will be put to work in many different ways that will benefit her and her family. Equitable dollars are invested in the farms that help feed her and in industries which provide jobs for her father and millions of other fathers. By serving its members old and new, the Equitable Society serves America. Now, back to the file on Arthur Clinton. Thank, Robert. Almost every criminal has a great sense of loyalty and equality. His loyalty is to himself, and his belief in equality is a belief that if he's caught, his partner should be caught. Fela Bartow told the Special Agents of the FBI everything he could about his partner. Told him his name was Arthur Clinton. Told him he was going to Cincinnati and told him that he was going there to marry a girl. That was a clue, but Cincinnati is hardly a small town. And like every town these days, the majority of its population is women. Still, it was a clue.  Or Arthur Clinton was in Cincinnati, had married a girl there and was living with her in a quiet hotel. Oh. Hello, baby. Hello, darling. How are you coming with your packing? I'm afraid I haven't made much progress. I brought the car on, honey, downstairs. Oh, hurry then. Aunt Mary phoned. Yeah? She kept me talking for almost half an hour. What'd she want? Oh, you know. Why was I going away? Why didn't we have a church wedding? What'd you tell her? I said we were married by a justice to the peace because that was the way we wanted it. I had a girl. Can I get those dresses out for you? Oh, thanks. She wanted to know all about you. Yeah? You tell her? Well, just about 10 minutes worth. I said you were wonderful, but I was very happy. Well, she wanted to know where we were going on our honeymoon. Of course. I just said we didn't know we were going to get in the car and travel. Get some dresses, honey. I'll put them on the bed, will you, dear? Okay. You can close that bag there. Sure. No, Aunt Mary really is very sweet, but she still thinks that I'm about 12 years old. She doesn't want us to go away at all. Why not? Oh, on account of my painting, mostly. She thinks I should stay here since I'm out in study. Didn't she tell her you were going to take your painting along with you? Yes. I said I'd get more work done that way than ever. There. Now then. Anything else I can do? No. No. I think I'm just about ready, dear. Okay, honey. Oh, would you put these shoes in your bag? Yeah, sure. I didn't realize how much. Oh, look out, honey. Huh? Don't touch that little box. Just put the shoes on the other side, huh? Oh. What's in it? The box? Yes. Nothing really. It's just kind of a good luck thing I carry around. Oh. Well, I'm all packed. The description of a criminal can sometimes lead to his capture. But the chances are better if that description can be checked against something else. The FBI had something else. The fingerprints that Arthur Clinton had left on the abandoned cars. The prints checked were those of a man who had been arrested four years back in Jackson, Mississippi. The name was different, but the description was the same. The trail was easier to follow now. It was smoother and it led straight to Cincinnati. From the marriage bureau to the family of the girl Clinton had married. But after that, once again, the trail stopped dead. Let's see what we have here now, Ray. Well, there's the description of Clinton. Yes. Description of the girl. Yes. Also some data on the second-hand car he bought in Cincinnati. This girl knows nothing about Clinton's background. Not a thing. Her family was quite shocked when they heard about him. Too bad. He had told them that he had his own business out west. But a relative had died and left him money. That's how they could afford this long honeymoon. Has the family had any words from them? One postcard, mailed from Chicago. I have it here. No indication where they were going. No. They appear to be heading west, though. This car must have Ohio license plates. They went out on the teletype. But Clinton's probably changed them by now. Yes. One possible lead is the girl's interest in painting. Oh? She studied art for a number of years. In fact, she sold one or two watercolors to some local dealers. I see. The family said she brought her equipment, you know, paints, canvases along with her. That could be a very good lead, Ray. By the way, did you see this? I wanted notice on Clinton. Yes. Mr. Hoover ordered that for national distribution. In cities, in towns, in villages, wanted notices for Arthur Clinton appeared. And local police were on the lookout. But the FBI did not stop there. At the same time, special agents went to every art material store in the region and left photographs. Two photographs, one of Clinton and one of his wife. Then there was nothing to do but wait. Wait for what had to happen sooner or later. Wait for what finally happened in Duluth, Minnesota. I help you, ma'am. Oh, hello. Oh. I, um, I wanted to look at some brushes, please. Sure. There's a whole tray full, right? Yeah. Oh, thank you. That's a new shipment. It just came in. Yes, I see. I can't say that they're too good. Do you sell painting? Well, that's not my regular line, you know? Well, uh, I have some watercolors here. I did them myself. Let's have a look at them. I don't know. Well, surely. Let's see. Now, there's just, uh, just the two of them. Landscapes. Mm-hmm. My husband and I have a camp up in the Lake Country in these are local sketches. Mm-hmm. Well, not bad. Well, I've sold several canvases back home in Cincinnati. Cincinnati? Mm-hmm. Would you be interested in them? I-I don't care about the money. It's-it's, well, it's just the selling of them. That's very satisfying. Mm-hmm. Well, I wasn't sure who'd leave them here, and I could handle them for you on a commission basis. Well, that would be wonderful. And where do you live? Well, we're buried up in the woods right now. I'll just drop in here from time to time, see if you've had any luck with them. Mm-hmm. And I'll take these three brushes. That'd be $3. Very well. Here you are. Thank you. Can I wrap them up? No, no, thank you. I'll just put them in my bag. I should be in again by the first of the month. Mm-hmm. Hope I sell them for you. Oh, thank you. Goodbye. Goodbye. Cincinnati. Hey, Miss! Miss! Oh. Operator. Operator. Get me FBI headquarters. And you positively identify this photograph, Mr. Weimer. Yes, that's the girl, all right.  Her signature is on both these landscapes, Jim. I let her walk right out of here. Did she say she'd return? Yes, she said she'd drop in. I don't think we can wait for that, gentlemen. I wish that there was some way... Mr. Weimer. Yes? These landscapes. Where did she say she'd painted them? Right up near that camp. Are you familiar with the country around here? Of course. I know every inch of it. That makes me so mad if she told me where that camp was. I think she has. Huh? If these scenes are near her camp, you should be able to recognize them, right? Say, I never thought of that. Do they look familiar to you, Mr. Weimer? Let me look at them again. Surely. Here. Say, I believe I do know this spot. Yes. She's changed it around some, but... but that's Hibbins Lake. Where's that? About 40 miles north of here. Could you take us there? Be glad to. When? Right now. Well, this is the day, honey. This is the day I nail that pike. Say, he's really got you going. Oh, look, baby. If you spend as much time as I have, watching that guy flirt all around the hook. But, darling, aren't there other pike? Sure, sure there are. But this one is big casino. Well, I wish you luck. You want to come out on the boat with me? No. Huh? I want to finish that watercolor of the hill. How's it coming? Oh, I've changed it about four times. You'll be running out of paint. Practically. I'll leave the car here, sweetheart. We can walk down to the lake. All right. I'll get you stuff out of the bank. Thanks. Lovely day. All right, Clinton. Just keep your hands where we can see them. Aren't they? Don't be loud, miss. Who are you? Special agents of the FBI. FBI. Oh, hand me that box. Of course. Wait. Would that be Betsy? Yeah. Never mind, honey. The trail of a bank robber begins with a description, moves on with a stolen car, leaps across state lines, and ends finally with capture and arrest. Along that trail of clues, good and bad, big and small, right and long, the agents of the FBI follow them all. That thoroughness is a great factor in its success. But there is another, a vitally important factor that must never be forgotten. It's in every region, every area, every section of this country. Local policemen, sheriff, and deputy in the entire nation. That cooperation is invaluable. And it extends beyond to the cooperation of every loyal citizen of this country. That is a formidable opposition. That's a defense to stand up against any criminal. That's a protection which could only be found in a country where the people not only make the law, but are the law. You'll hear about the file on next week's case in just a moment. Will you join the equitable society in a salute? A salute to the man on the tractor, and to all men who plow the good American earth. He has a heartfelt salute to the farmers of these United States. In spite of manpower losses, our hard-working farmers have managed to increase this country's food production by more than one-third. Authorities in England and Russia say that the war might easily have been lost without this extra food raised by America. Today, as it has for many years, the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States is lending the farmer a helping hand. Equitable funds make it possible for thousands of farmers to own their own homes and lands, and realize that typical American ambition summed up in the words, I want to run my own business. In addition to helping to raise the food that fights for freedom, equitable funds are heavily invested in other industries which make and transport the weapons of war. Still, other equitable dollars are invested in war bonds. For in wartime, equitable society dollars are fighting dollars.  Next week, a crime against the nation. Espionage. The incident used in tonight's broadcast are taken from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. However, all names used are fictitious. Any similarity thereof to the names of persons living or dead is accidental. Artie Clinton was played by Mandel Kramer. The music was composed and directed by Van Cleave, your narrator was Frank Lovejoy. This is your FBI is a very divine production. Now, this is Carl Frank speaking for the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, and inviting you to tune in again next week at this same time for this is your FBI. This is the Blue Network of the American Broadcasting Company.


You've probably seen movies like Kill Bill, or Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, or even Mortal Kombat, where some Chinese martial artists know certain points that can paralyze as well as ones that can heal. Now, this is based off of traditional Chinese medical theory, based off of the channel and meridian system and the acupuncture points of TCM. Now, on a pragmatic daily level, outside of just learning how to paralyze your boss with one finger and quitting your job, what you can actually learn to do with acupressure is stimulate the blood flow to certain organs in your body. And it is a science-backed way to actually improve certain symptoms. So in this video, I thought I would introduce you to three very simple acupressure practices based on three famous acupuncture points. There are things you can do right now, and you can do them every single day at home. Hi guys, I'm Dr. Alex Hine, board licensed acupuncturist and doctor of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine, author of the health book, Master the Day. So, let's jump in. Now, our first acupressure point is a point called Guan Yuan. Now, we're going to focus on this point for certain kinds of pain. Pain like bloating and lower abdominal pain, pain related to a woman's menses or cycle, and just general most commonly when patients come in, I recommend it for people who get really, really bloated after meals. This point Guan Yuan is called the gait of origin in Chinese. And from a TCM point of view, it is what we call the front mu or alarm point of the small intestine. So for example, patients that come in and they have SIBO, small intestine bacterial overgrowth will often experience lots of lower abdominal distention. Interesting that this is considered an alarm point if there's pressure pain here. Now, this point Guan Yuan, we often say it is used to treat issues with the Yuan Qi. Yuan Qi is almost like your battery charge, your vitality, your life force, if I could dare use that term. It's used to treat kidney function. And again, for us, kidneys do govern the bones. They govern knees. They govern your overall vitality and also points related to the uterus or reproductive functions for women. When we talk about Guan Yuan, this point, what we want to do is basically have two fingers that are essentially like sword fingers. You can have two fingers in each hand or you can create these little beaks with your hand. And what I want you to do is just tap the low abdomen. Now, the location of this point is what we call three sun below the belly button. So basically take your four fingers and you're going to put them right at the base of your belly button. And that will approximately show us where this point Guan Yuan is.  And I'm just going to have you tap, tap, tap, tap and do that for five minutes straight. Now, when you do this, if you notice, when you get really bloated or even some women, if they're having menstrual pain, that tapping will generate an increase in circulation in that area, similar to a woman putting a heating pad on her low abdomen. And that's why it can help with pain or even abdominal distension from bloating. Now, the other alternative is you can basically slap the low abdomen. And you can do that for five minutes as well. And that will help stimulate the functions of this point, Guan Yuan, for bloating, for lower abdominal pain and for women's health issues. Now, our second acupressure point here is called Shan Zhong. Shan Zhong is a point basically between the nipples in the center of the chest, right on the sternum here. It's almost like when you're suffering some kind of shock, sadness or happiness, people tend to clutch their chest, right, to protect that area. Now, what's interesting, the heart is anatomically can be center or more towards the left. But when people clutch their chest, they clutch the center. This point is called chest center, essentially. But this is the front mu point, front alarm point, of the pericardium. Pericardium is called the heart protector. So I love this phrase because, yes, there is an anatomical reference there to what the pericardium actually functions as, but from an emotional point of view, you know, we talk about the shocks that people have. They endure the heartbreak, the loss, the death of someone, the divorce, and just the damage it causes to somebody's internal state. And so for issues with the heart protector, the spirit, the emotions, that kind of thing. What we have to do is often stimulate the pericardium function. So for stimulating this point, we often use, for example, chest pain, anxiety, even people with difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, which of course can be related to lung function or nervous system function like anxiety. For Shanzhong, what we're going to do is just do a very gentle technique where we rub the chest. So for this point, you can treat it in many different ways. In a lot of traditional Qigong forms, you just go like this, right? And you're stimulating this point. Now, if you're having anxiety or panic attacks, that may not be that reassuring. So what you can do is create two hands together with a palm like this. And basically you're going to rub clockwise, one, one thousand, two, one thousand, three, one thousand, four, one thousand, one rotation here, one circle, a second, and do that for two to three minutes on one side and then two to three minutes on the other side. And one specialty function I find that this helps with because we talk about the heart in TCM, which is the seed of, yes, the physical heart like heart disease, but also the seed of emotions and the psychoemotional status. So for people who have anxiety or depression and who can't fall asleep, doing this exercise five minutes before bed can often be the thing that makes the difference without needing medication, that kind of thing. Or you can actually beat on the sternum in that way as well. A third point here is called hagu, which is for, we'll call it headaches and some degrees of stress. So hagu is large intestine form, just translated often as joining valley. And this one is what we call the source point of the large intestine channel. So you wouldn't think that this point in the flesh of your hand near the, what's called anatomical snuff box, this point would stimulate large intestine function. But it has another function as well because a lot of these channels go up into the head and into the face. So this is often considered one of the master points for ENT issues involving the head. I'll never forget when I was doing judo, one time I had a really bad headache and I didn't want to do the practice for the day as a kid. And so my actual judo teacher, he said, come over here. And he just started really massaging this point of hagu, LI4, and it was so painful. But after about five minutes, the headache had seemed to decrease. And whether that was placebo or really he knew a little bit of basic acupressure, I don't remember, I was a kid. But you can actually use this for headaches or general stress management. So hagu in general is a master point for ear, nose, and throat issues, as well as issues involving the intestines. So for this particular point, you can basically squish your hand together, find the highest lump on the hand, the bump there, and then you're going to effectively massage in clockwise circles as one option. So we're just going to go one, two, three, four, five, six, and you can do three minutes on each side and then go to the other hand. Another option is some people for acupressure, they push and hold, two, three, relax. Push and hold, two, three, relax. Push and hold, two, three, and relax. So that's one of the ways you can stimulate the function of LI4, hagu, for particularly, let's say, headaches. Also, it can help with stress, particularly if you do breathing exercises with it at the same time. So those are three famous acupressure points that you can really utilize on a day-to-day basis to help with some of these issues and I want you to try them. Leave a comment down below this video and let me know if they helped you. Primarily in my practice, I don't use acupressure, I use internal medicine formulas, but these are three that I've seen really help people and really do work. Now, before you guys go, there are other healing rituals you can do every day from traditional Chinese medicine and I have a free guide which is called Four Daily Rituals that can potentially help you add years to your life with traditional Chinese medicine. It's the first link right below this video. It's something you can download and go check out. It also has info below the video on booking a visit with me in Los Angeles or virtually via telemedicine. And besides that, I have a very exciting announcement which is that I just launched a brand new learning portal called The Healing Library and it's all about videos and courses on how to heal yourself with traditional Chinese medicine and I figure what better way to keep this channel sponsor and otherwise ad-free and not promoting a bunch of supplements that I know you guys have probably bought from online people that probably don't do anything, let's be real but putting out courses will keep this channel sponsor and ad-free in that way. So there's a link below to learn more about The Healing Library. Right now we have one course, Introduction to Healing with Traditional Chinese Medicine 101 and you guys can check it out and see if it resonates with you. So before you go, there's one more final video here on related acupuncture and qigong practices that I think will help you.


The need for federal government to impose 20% tax on sugar-sweetened beverages has been stressed as Nigerians are facing a significant health threat due to non-communicable diseases such as diabetes. Experts at the end of a one-day regional stakeholders forum on sugar-sweetened beverages organized by the corporate Accountability and Public Participation Africa CAPA says the solution may be to implement an effective sugar tax on sugar-sweetened beverages as many countries including Nigeria have already imposed SSB taxes as part of efforts to reduce the consumption of sugary drinks and promote healthy eating. According to WHO, a major action aimed at reducing the consumption of sugars is the taxation of sugary drinks. Just as taxing tobacco helped to reduce tobacco use, taxing sugary drinks can help reduce consumption of sugars. In his keynote address, a public health consultant at University College Hospital in Badder, Nigeria, Dr. Francis Fagboulay, said the average monthly cost of drugs for diabetic patients in the country can be crippling for those who live below the poverty line. These sugar-sweetened beverages are just high in calorie. They don't offer any significant nutrition so they have no nutritive value. Rather, they can constitute a lot of health problems. Research has shown that number one is linked with obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, even some form of cancer. Of course, as dentists, even parents, one of their children, sugar causes dental caries, that is all in your truth. So there's a lot of health implications associated with it, more of the non-communicable diseases. For example, we have a taxation on tobacco, we have on alcohol, then why don't we have something effective on sugar-sweetened beverages? That is a way to go. Executive Director of Corporate Accountability and Public Participation Africa, Kappa Oluwafemia said these is the time for government at all levels to take innovative ways of funding the health sector through tax end from sugar-sweetened beverages. Also part of that global practice is to look at how that money is a diffraction of it for the entire tax is a game plow back to health. I think the message also now leave the health to the education sector, whether it will be a policy, effective policy, then monitoring where parents are going to address not to be giving their children this kind of dream, because over time, that's when this should begin. Check the next 15 years what impact will be on the lives of the children, teenagers, young adults and all of them. Legislation is a key and awareness, need to create awareness, especially younger ones. It's not like we say there should be lebeling, not like alcohol, we tell you this is 10%, this is 7%, this is 15%, this is 40%, lebeling of these products so that people will know placing heavy tax is better than placing a small tax, which they say they can absorb so that they can feel it.


Hello everybody and welcome to this part on speech recognition and text to speech synthesis of this particular MOOC. What we will do in this particular set of lectures is I will be talking about speech technology. We will divide it into two parts. The first part which we are going to do right now is on automatic speech recognition. So essentially what we will cover in this block is we will discuss what is automatic speech recognition and what are the challenges in implementing automatic speech recognition systems on a cell phone because that is probably the most ubiquitous device which people use these days. We will then also discuss on how can speech technology be used for developing applications on a cell phone by taking some typical examples. Now let us see what are the broad objectives of speech recognition for machines. So essentially when we say speech recognition we are talking of speech recognition using or by machines. So what are the goal of automatic speech recognition? It is to automatically extract information transmitted in the speech signal. So you can also call speech recognition as a process by which the incoming speech signal is converted to text. Many people also refer to this as signal to symbol transformation. So you have a speech signal that can be recorded over a microphone which needs to be converted to text. Okay now if take a look at this figure broadly you can classify speech recognition into three parts. One is given the input speech signal. So you see the speech signal which is described in this particular form. So you have an incoming speech signal which is input to a module called speech recognition and let me assume that I am saying how are you. The objective of this particular module is to make sure that it outputs the words how are you. So essentially the machine recognizes what you are speaking. So you will also have some allied applications like language recognition where one speaks in a particular language and the system tells in which language the speaker was speaking or you could have something called speaker recognition where you are essentially trying to find out who was speaking from a set of speakers. This gave you a broad objective as what is speech recognition and different possibilities there and now let us get into a little bit of nitty gritty on how we do speech recognition on a mobile phone. So the definition of speech recognition it converts a speech signal acquired by a mobile phone to a sequence of words. So the recognition output can be used in many places. Some of these applications are in command and control. When I say command and control what it means is essentially I am trying to switch on a device or off a device.  So these are command and control applications. So I could probably dictate my email and that is one other application or I could do search via voice typically you have these applications on Google these days or I could use speech as a form of communication between machine to machine. Now the output can also be used in dialogue management and more complicated things like natural language understanding right. So what can you do with it there are several applications some of the broad applications are you can dictate using speech you can do call routing you can do directory assistance which means say I want to search for a particular phone number I speak the name of the person I get back the telephone number of that person. I could do travel planning booking tickets using voice or I could do some kind of complex logistics using voice okay. Now this block diagram gives a very broad overview of the speech recognition technology. So let me see if I can start from one end. So you essentially have the speech signal which I am trying to mark out now which is input into a microphone. So let me call this as a microphone. Now this voice signal is essentially fed into something called the speech recognition engine. Now the speech recognition engine essentially recognizes speech or it converts incoming speech signal into text. Now this is obviously connected on both sides to an application manager and also to a graphical user interface manager. An application manager is the manager that essentially pipes the data coming in from the interface to the device. So the device in our case is supposed to be the cell phone okay now what are the examples you can have say for example you are talking to a phone and asking what can I help you with. So you probably say what is the best smart phone ever and then it says the one you are holding. So there are two aspects to this. What can I help you with is recognized by the cell phone and once it finds out that you are holding the best cell phone it tells you that the one you are holding. So essentially this involves both ASR as well as text to speech synthesis which we will call as TTS. So essentially the other aspect that one needs to notice when you are doing recognition on a cell phone these are very resource constrained devices. The computing power is less when compared to a desktop and therefore typically the functionality goes as a client server or as client network mode of running okay. Now what are popular commercial applications of speech recognition if you are interested in you have this very popular application called Siri on Apple iOS. Now Siri actually helps you with a lot of things. So some of these things are captured in this picture. So you can search for restaurants, you can search for movies, you can search for events, you can search for local businesses, you can hire a taxi. There are lot of things Siri can do probably if you have an iOS device you should take a look at Siri and try accessing information using speech. So essentially what Siri does is you will probably tap a button and then you will probably say something into Siri and it will give you the information that you need. Now one other typical application that very popular application is Google voice. Now the advantage of Google voice is that it is available on any iOS and you could do lot of things using the power of Google. So essentially you are connecting to the power of Google using your voice. So one of the applications could be probably locating an address as it is shown here or you would want to find weather information using Google voice. So probably I would say I want the weather in my city, city name and weather that would give me the weather information. Well these are some of the popular applications. So as I said earlier when we look at a cell phone the recognition process technically is not done on the device because the device is resource-contained. So what you do is you follow a client-server-based approach where the client is your cell phone. So you speak into your microphone of your cell phone. The first part actually does some kind of noise reduction which is very important because you often speak in noisy environments. Then there is a process of feature extraction which is slightly technical but it actually gets some meaningful numbers from the speech signal. Now that is piped into the speech recognition engine. Now typically that is speaker independent because you would want the speech recognition engine to be independent of any speaker who speaks. So what are the inputs to this? The inputs are the phoneme reference, the word models and the grammar. So it is something like you make the machine understand what are the units of speech, what is the grammar that it needs to know to recognize speech. Now the transmission is typically done over ISDN, GSM, IP, there are different ways of transmission. Now once the recognition is done, so you are obviously looking at some kind of transaction which is coupled to an application. For example, if you are doing a banking transaction, you would say something, it would be coupled to that particular application. So broadly, so therefore you can divide speech recognition into the front end and you can, the final processing is called as the back end, fine. So what are the issues for speech recognition? Not going too much into technical details but what are the broad issues one would face if you were to do speech recognition on the cell phone. See the problem mainly is that of memory crunching. As I said earlier, the cell phones have got limited memory, they are small devices and therefore you do not have lot of memory to do the processing. Of course the problem of computational complexity is always there and therefore you need more computational power on the cell phone which it obviously does not have and then comes the requirement of power. Cell phones have got batteries which do not last for a long time and therefore there is obviously a problem of power requirement. Now let us take a simple example to illustrate what are the issues involved in speech recognition. Now let us say I want to recognize a phrase, their car. So what we will do is, let us say it is split up into these smaller units, the, a and r. So what we are trying to do is we want to recognize their car. So what does the recognition essentially do in such case? Let us take a very naive example but a very good slide which is available from the University of Michigan. So I want to recognize these basic phonetic units which will form obviously the word their car which has got two words, their and car. Now these are actually something called as, we build what are called as statistical models. They are called hidden Markov models. Let us not get into too much of detail into that. But essentially you are trying to build a probabilistic model which will find from the given speech signal what is the probability that the first unit was the. So that is what we are trying to do here. So now this is your hidden Markov model. This is a simple animation which we can run through. So you traverse through this model. So this is your the, now you have also coupled a and r. So these are two other phonetic unit models. So you cascade them. So you have there. Now the problem with speech recognition is that it could be recognized as there or it could be recognized as the here as you can see from the slides. So it is always often a possibility that it could be recognized as there or the here because they are very close. So it depends on how well your system is whether it recognizes as there or the here. Now the complexity is not over here because we considered only two possible applications. Now on top of this you have got the next word car which obviously has got some possibilities like cap or cat. Now this is a very small subset of the search problem we have taken. Now what happens is there are numerous possibilities for there. It could be there, the here or now it could go on, go on, on and on and become very complex because in practice you have got several possibilities for the and car. So if you essentially have to run through all the possibilities and come up with an engine that gives you the best possibility and the correct one, the topmost one is supposed to be the output of the machine. So what this essentially tells us is that the search is pretty complex when you do speech recognition, okay. So search it takes roughly 50% of the total time, it depends on the vocabulary. You have a larger vocabulary of what the search is going to take more time, smaller the vocabulary you are doing well on time efficiency. So there are several solutions I will not get into the technical details but for those of you are technically savvy you can probably take a look at this. You can come up with efficient search techniques, network optimization, some kind of pruning methods or you could use some kind of dynamic grammar which we call as multi-pass method. So what I suggest is this can be taken a look for people who are technically savvy otherwise broadly you need to understand point one, okay. Now what are the applications of speech recognition? I will take one example of a system that is built at IIT Kanpur. This is essentially funded by the government of India. We are trying to do speech recognition based access of agriculture commodity prices. Now if you take a look at the picture you see that we have done this for a state called Uttar Pradesh in India which has got several states. You can see the listing of the districts that I think we have only around 70 districts here. So essentially what this system does is a farmer can call into a particular telephone number and the system prompts him to say the name of the district. He says the names of the district and the crop price is interested in and the system essentially gives him back the information that he requests for. So essentially speech recognition can be used in the development of several socially relevant applications apart from the usual fancy applications like Siri and Google Voice. So thank you. This is the end of the first module and what we have discussed here is the basics of automatic speech recognition and a possible application which we have implemented here. The next part will cover text to speech synthesis. Thank you.


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