There are some exceptional cases of good growth, collective work, systematic work, etc. The ISRO, the Indian army, the election commission, many top-of-the-line hospitals, institutions like the old IITs, I don't know about the new IITs, the two recent, even places like Punjab University, the organization in which I work. They are part of this kind of breaking away from the herd, breaking away from close to everything that I've been saying till now is the generalization about Indian society. These are institutions which have broken away from that. And what is the common theme among these organizations? Number one, absolutely number one, there's a tremendous amount of pride in the work that they do. The Indian army's example is one of the most drastic examples. The Indian army, everyone around the world notices, has the highest casualty rate among officers, the highest fatality rate amongst officers. So why is there a high fatality rate? And the answer is that the Indian officer is leading from the front. Some day there's a crevice which has to be crossed and the colonel says, okay, I'm going to cross it. Sir, you are 40 years old, how can you jump over this crevice like this with a 10 kilo load on you? He says, if I can ask you to jump it, I can jump it also, and he jumps. There's a terrorist over there and the Brigadier picks up his gun and goes out to shoot the terrorist, gets injured in the process, happens in the military all the time. But there just as many occasions when he succeeds. He does not tell the soldier, you go first and test it. If you get a bullet, we'll know where the bullet came from. He doesn't say that. He says, you stay here, I'll go. And one of the off-sides of this, one of the consequences of this is this. The Indian army soldiers don't rebel. In the 60 years or more of the existence of the modern Indian army, there's been only one small rebellion. And that was the rebellion at Sukma.  They've got tremendous respect for their officers. And the only reason for that is that the officer leads from the front. The officer does everything. The latrine ditch has to be dug. The officer says, No problem.  Merit in the sense of the object of the organization is to perform this task. This task requires the following skills. This person has the following skills, and therefore he'll be asked to do this. I've been closely associated with many of these organizations. I've been in touch with people from up close. In ISRO, we went and there was this great rocket being made. And there was this old gentleman, great scientist, but there was a new technology which two boys were making. They'd come from our local polytechnic and they were designing it and they were working on it, and it was going to be used in the next rocket launch that was going to happen. And the old gentleman says, Nana, he'll explain it to you. I don't know much about this area.  You know, this is how this happens. And the old gentleman is very happy and pleased. He made a lot of money. They take pride in it, which is in contrast to many other places where if you're going to get acolytes, the big man is going to come forward and say, give me the acolytes, not over here. Here, acolytes are shared according to how much work anyone has done on the basis of the clearly defined objectives of the organization. And everywhere in all these organizations, there's a serious effort at creating protocols, protocols which need to be followed irrespective of what your private opinion about that protocol is. And these protocols are not created in a manner in which the Sahab or the expert says that this has to be done. They're created in a self-reflexive manner. Everyone is participating in the creation of those protocols. So when everyone is participating in the creation of those protocols, everyone is also party to it. Everyone voluntarily does it. There's a sense of ownership. And just in case you think that people associated with the military are like this, I've given you two examples of the DRDO and the Ordnance Factory System. What you can do organizations. Great skills, great abilities, great facilities, not producing anything or almost not producing anything. And very fortunately for me today, I'd been thinking about this presentation of yours for the last three, four days. And today the newspaper says, the director general DRDO says that giving fraud excuses for not doing work is not going to help us anymore. This is the head of the organization. He's gone on record in this interview saying that my organization is used to giving fraud excuses to everyone around them as to why they have not performed well. He says the time has come for us to perform. Why he says that? I don't know, but that is there.  Entrepreneurial spirit is there in Indians in great quantities. However, having an entrepreneurial skill is not good enough. It's not sufficient. It's a necessary condition. You cannot do your projects and make in India adequately. You cannot take this country forward adequately if you do not have those entrepreneurial skills. You need them, but that is not sufficient. You also need other skills. One that you should know is that gender, caste, religion, they do not play a role in keeping the society down. They create a negative image in your mind. They set up obstructions. That's what I've been talking about till now, but they do not hold you back. They are not insurmountable. Actually, in many situations, they are not even a problem. Don't get caught with this discussion of Rohit Vemula and Kanaiya, etc. Those things really don't exist. Those guys don't know what they're talking about. The important thing is to have the ability to focus on work. How to develop this? What to do about it? We know that as individuals, it's been possible for us to do it. Hundreds and thousands of Indians have been able to do it at the individual level. Question is how to do it in a collective manner so that everyone's energies are coordinated. Ability to be physically capable of work systematically is very important. One of the first persons who said that you should be physically strong was Vivekananda. But apart from Vivekananda, there was also Mao Zedong, the person who led China into a revolution. When the revolutionaries came, Mao was not a revolutionary. Mao was a librarian. Mao was a Communist Party member. He was a librarian and he was the third hierarchy. In the hierarchy, he was the third rate leader. He was not even a leader. He was just a normal fellow sitting there with his stashma in the library issuing books and reading books. Revolution is happening. Action is taking place. The first rung leadership is wiped out by the Communists, Soviet Communists. The nationalists of China with the help of the Soviet Communists, they wipe out the first rung leadership. Stalin is not happy with that either. He suggests that wipe out the second rung also. The second rung is wiped out. In a week's time, the Chinese Communist Party loses all its leaders. There's a vacuum and this librarian gets up and he says, I will do the leadership now. And this leadership basically means running away from this place where everyone is getting killed. And in the process of running away, he discovers that everyone who was physically unfit simply lost out. They died. They were captured. They were killed. What were you doing? You were walking 60 kilometers a day. You were climbing mountains.  So what was lacking? He analyzes this and he comes up with a theory of revolution. He says, before bringing about a revolution, you have to be physically fit. He comes with a phrase, physical culture. You have to be good at physical culture. The second fellow who talks about physical fitness is Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa says that you have to be physically fit and he adds one more thing, something which Mao did not figure out. Gandhi says you have to be spiritually strong also. And he gives a lot of formula on how you can be fit, spiritually strong. My point at the moment is simply that there should be physical capability to do the work. If you don't have the physical capability, chemicals and such like are not going to be of help. Alcohol, cigarettes, tea, coffee, they don't work. They don't make you more efficient. They waste your time. Then there's this thing you have the ability to be passionate about the work. Passion for your work comes from two sources. One is that you're intrinsically from within you, you like to work. The second is you become passionate about anything that comes before you. In normal life, you'll discover that the occasions when you can do things which you like happen very few. If you're an extremely lucky person, maybe once or twice in your entire life, you'll get a chance to do actually what you wanted to do. But occasions when you will get work just like that will be hundreds and thousands. If you can develop an ability to be passionate about everything and everything that you're doing, that would be an absolutely marvelous thing. How to do that, what happens into it, I don't know. But what I can suggest is that there's some societies which have created a system which facilitates all these things. One of the reasons why Indians do so well in Europe and America is because the Europeans and Americans have cracked this particular puzzle. They've created a system which enables people to work. In India, we don't have that system yet. Will it be possible for us to have a system in the next generation? I don't know. But I do know that as an individual, you can create those systems around you. You don't need to bother about your government, your head of the department, your boss, your family. You can create that small environment around you. Doesn't this actually present a paradox? Because the reason that Indians are able to do so well once they go to the West is because they've grown up in a place without such a system and have learned to survive in adverse circumstances. Social conditions which are even more adverse and consequently, in Western countries which now have a system, they have all these immigrants like Indians who are triumphing there because they've grown up in a condition without a system. So isn't this system kind of paradoxical? Maybe it's paradoxical. The question is Indians who have learned how to survive in an adverse social system, adverse cultural system, when they go into those enabling systems, their efficiencies go up substantially and they're able to thrive over there. So isn't there a paradox in this saying that they should create a system and do that? I don't know whether there's a paradox or not. All that I can say is I don't see a way out because unless you create that ecosystem around you which enables everyone to work or which if everyone to work is what the society and the government will have to do. The society isn't doing it, the government isn't doing it. But does that mean that we won't do it for ourselves? My submission at that point is we could do it for ourselves. Many of us who work in universities, universities are remember not very helpful places, they are very obnoxious places to work in.  Even over there we have discovered that people who have been able to create small ecosystems around themselves, enabling ecosystems they've done well, those who have not been able to do it have not done well. The entire IT industry came up with these two, three, four business houses. Remember all these business houses actively refused to participate in the standard Indian system. The standard Indian system was giving hoos, sucking up to the government, they refused to participate in that and they did rather well for themselves. Something of that would have to be done. But that is not the only area or the only set of people who do it all the time. Let me give you the example of people who have lived in completely adverse situations, absolutely adverse situations. Meeta was asking me, why do you want to show this slide? All politicians do this. I would submit to you madam that this is not what all politicians do, this is not an example of all politicians. This is the example from the north of Mehbooba, south Jailalita, east Mamta, west Anandhi Ben. All of them have come from directions. They are women so they are supposed to be low in social hierarchy of India. They are all lower caste people so they are supposed to be low in the social hierarchy of India. None of them was rich to begin with. So they are low on everything. All of them have grown on their own. All of them are part of public life. All of them are built and all of them are tremendously successful. You could not be more successful than Jailalita, Mamta, Mehbooba or Anandhi Ben. Indians love people who are married. They seem respectable. Indians like people who are nice and kind and Indian selected fellow who is neither nice, who is neither kind, who doesn't even have a wife.  Even in the face of the greatest of adversity, it has been possible for this bunch of people to succeed and reach the effects of what they were doing. We have seen the example of the IT guys who have done that. We have seen the example of the doctors who do it. We have seen the example of small-time businessmen who have done it. When we were talking about the early 20th century and all those Rabindranath Tagore advertisements, those are businessmen who are facing the most adverse circumstances and still succeeding. It's possible for Indians to create those small ecosystems for themselves and work very successfully. Why not we do that? Indians are the kind of people. I should give you one image. This is an alternate image, not the kind that I wanted to show you. This is from a cave. In 700 AD, there are some boys who are making graffiti. It takes quite a long time to make graffiti on the cave floor like this and yet they have done it. The same kind of graffiti that boys and girls make in India, in architectural monuments today. Continuity is our own. The one image, however, that I want you to see is this one. This is Mahasaya Gulati. Recognize the face? Mahasaya the Hatti, MDH Garam Masala, MDH, everything's Masala, twice displaced and the leader of Masala Day and feeling rather pleased with himself. Instructing and informing all the young people on how they should spend their lives. Look at this man. This is a sad looking man but this is a young man. This was not the image that I wanted but this was the one that I had, that other image gone. This is a young man who's looking bemused at the person who's taking the photograph and the person who's taking this photograph, this is a Bombay image. The person who's taking this photograph says, when I asked him, why are you looking like this?  This is a young man who can find some funniness even in the response of the normal society to the job that he's doing. Given an opportunity, he would rather leave this job. Not given an opportunity, he doesn't rew it too much. He doesn't complain about it too much. All that he does is, he does his wonderment and stuff. It is. We will have to get out of being in the sewer and we will have to say that it's possible for us to do something more. It's possible for us to change that sewer and just in case you think that it's only Indians who do this and this is because of caste, no, this is not how Indians do it. This is how everyone does it. People who do dirty work, work which puts them so dirty, the English, for example, had a body of people called the night men who would be doing precisely this job in the 19th and the early 20th century. Then the English came up with this notion that you should have proper sewers which can be properly managed and maintained. So why don't the engineers of India come up with proper sewers which can be properly managed and maintained?     Why do you want a human being to jump into it? You need technological solutions. The moment that technological solution came in, the sewer man, the night men vanished. Not only did the night men vanish, the garbage collection system in the west changed.   After having thrown away the garbage, he sits with you and eats a burger with you.  Now that has happened because of technology. We need technologies of that variety. If only someone could sit down and think the needs of this kind of people are also very, very important and significant for us. The judges lacking and the lawyers lacking. So when the Chief Justice of India cried, Narendra Modi asked the Vidhi organization, which is run by retired judges and young lawyers. Amin is in working for Vidhi. He's a senior consultant with Vidhi today, one of my friends, a son. That says most of the delay in cases happens because Indian judges give unending stays. An average case in India takes 13 years of which six years are merely the judge giving stays. So the judges will have to stop giving stays. The judges will have to say that if the case has to be heard on such and such day, the case will be heard on such and such day. The protocol says, the law says that no adjournment will be given, no stay will be given. And yet the judges routinely do this. So someone will have to tell the judges to stop doing it, behave properly. Today the judges and the lawyers are behaving in some of the most obnoxious ways. In case you guys are on Facebook, visit my Facebook page. I've got a very special grouse against judges. I write against judges and lawyers all the time. I also write a lot of history. I've got a page called India History, where I share all such information also. But the judges need to be improved by the judges themselves, not by you and me. Because if we say that the executive should improve the judges, the judicial system, then a problem is coming up. Judges are the body of people to whom we go when we have discovered that all our other mediation mechanisms have failed. You say one thing, I say one thing, we disagree. We need a third party, an independent third party, certified the independent who is going to mediate between us. And once the third party is mediated, we will say, we will stop this juggerna. Hence we cannot interfere with the judges. Not because we are scared of the judges. We should criticize them, condemn them, everything. But we should enable the independence of the judiciary and not allow the government to interfere. The government is ready with interference. We should not allow that to happen as citizens. And China are historically different. If no, then why is it that the Chinese, what has enabled the Chinese to go so far are compared to India? A, India and China are not different. Actually, when you go into the details of Chinese history, the narrative is almost the same that we had earlier about what are the strong points of India. They are also the strong points of China. What are the weaknesses of India, including the caste system. The Chinese also have a similar caste system. Similarly entrained, similarly justified and similarly not followed. That example of the four women that I gave you, the example, the first day I gave you those images of people, low caste, low family, low economic class people who did so well in life. China has stories of that variety also. Where is China differing from India? China differs from India in something called philosophy. Indians have Hindu philosophy, which allows you to be completely independent in thought and everything as much independent as you want. You can decide what you want to do and that is perfectly all right. The Chinese have Confucianism in which one interpretation of Confucianism says that you need to obey your elders. That is serious business. In India, there's a small element of obeying your elders. Do you know what is Pind? Pind dhan karna. Pind dhan karna, pitro ki samman karna, India ki culture me bhi hai. Have you heard these phrases? Pind dhan karna, pitro ka samman karna, any of you? In India these phrases exist only as phrases and today only in areas where there is some conservative family or conservative person within the family. Otherwise Indians have simply forgotten about them and this is not forgetting which has happened today. This is forgetting which has happened thousands of years ago. We don't listen much to our elders. We don't respect our elders and ancestors too much. We use our ancestors once in a while. The Chinese don't. Now, one of the consequences of that is that ancestors, one of the practical and pragmatic consequences of this is that when your boss tells you to do something in China, you do it. In India, you wonder whether you should do it or not. It makes all the difference to collective work and collective efforts. That is part of that ISRO and Army story, the election commission story. Election commission said officers will be sent to the field as observers and they will look at everything and these are the protocols that they have to follow. Everything is given to them. So what did the officers do? IS, IPS officer. They went into the field. The election commission in the next election had to issue special orders. You can't take a family with you. You are going to be there in for one month, but you can't take a family with you to the election duty. So the next time they went, election commission once again stepped in and said, no, no, you can't do this also.   This is not your home. This is not your aram gaha. This is not your pleasure house. In the meanwhile, there was a transformation in the IAS. People who were coming from St. Stephen's and great colleges and universities stopped coming. Instead, the lower colleges, second-tier colleges, started throwing up students who were very bright and making it. As anything, Stephen's boys are not applying. They are still applying. They just can't make it into the exam anymore because the boys from the smaller towns are doing much better. Those boys come and now the election commission does not address the Bala Sahab, the observers. Now the election commission addresses the collector Sahab, the fellow on the ground. And the election commission says, no facility to the Bala Sahab other than a room to stay, a secretariat to work with, a phone and a car. Nothing more. Some of the Bala Sahab's, the horror stories that I have heard personally. The Bala Sahab went and took the Gadi to Darshan Karo, some temple 500 kilometers away. He came back and the collector Sahab gave him a bill of 1000 kilometers. Sir, 1000 kilometers multiplied by Sarkari rate, 20 rupees. This you will have to pay. The observer Sahab was most upset. How can this happen? The collector said, the election commission is told to do it. They were following the protocol that was given to them. Earlier, they were not following the protocol. Following protocols is extremely important if you want to do work on a large scale. Not every protocol is correct. Protocols need changing, but you should be changing protocols only when you can discuss it amongst yourself, create a collective opinion and then change it. The taking of attendance is part of protocol. Did you people do your attendance in school? No. Did you people do all your, all your lab work as dictated by the CBSE? No, I can certify that to you. Uh, are you doing your attendance properly in college? Absolutely not. Is your teacher following your attendance protocols properly? No. Is the teacher being told by the HOD? Follow? No. Is the HOD being told by the director, the principal or the vice chancellor? Do your work properly, sir. What kind of a professor are you? No. Collectively, the answer at every layer is no. How can you expect a large system to function in a healthy manner? In China, in Japan, you do in Korea, even in Vietnam and Thailand and Burma, you don't need to do. In Sri Lanka, you don't need to do it. In Sri Lanka, if everyone agrees that this work should be done, it is done. In Burma, if they agree, it is done. In Thailand, it gets done. In Korea, Japan and China, it gets done. So why don't Indians do it? My submission is, remember, it's a collective pattern. Once it is a collective pattern, it becomes a social fact. And my submission is that this social fact is a consequence of that great freedom that we have had in the past and the culture of Hinduism. You don't have to be a Hindu. You can be a Christian, Jew, Parsi, Muslim, Sunni, Bora, Memon really doesn't matter. So long as you are in India, this is how you behave. Only India? No, no, no. They do it like this in Bangladesh also. They do it precisely like this in Pakistan also. We got a visa to Pakistan to visit Lahore. One of my friends said that he was from Pindada Purana. I want to see a village that is 300 kilometers away. He said, let's go and show it to him. He said, no, I got a visa only for Lahore. It says only for Lahore, not outside. He said, what are you talking about? Sit in the car. He went 300 kilometers. He came back 300 kilometers. He went in the morning, came back in the evening. He came back for dinner in Lahore. Breaking each and every rule. What did you do with the thief? No, I didn't do it with the thief. We were government guests. There was a police officer also. There were police officers as well. There were foreign officers as well. Everything was going on. All the rules were broken. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal. We are the same thali's chattis. Not following any rules, orders or protocols. How to learn that? I don't know. How to transform the society into a society which does these things without becoming an obedient society? The example is China. China is not an obedient society. And yet it is able to do all that. Perhaps someone will have to get down and make a comparative study. Absolutely. It's a tradeoff between freedom and being obedient. And how do we do it and where do we do it? At the moment, there are no standard answers to it. Your question is absolutely valid. And someone will have to come up and give us and correct answer to this particular question. How to go about doing these things? Why to do these things in a particular manner and not the other manner? Since we have discovered that individuals are not able to come up with answers, perhaps as we talk like this, not just in this forum, but in many other foras also between ourselves. Because remember, as soon as you grow up a little bit, you are going to be faced with the same existential problems.  So you need to figure out how to make this fellow obey you. Small-time solutions have been possible till now. But we need large-scale solutions. Small-time solutions have produced small-time benefits. We need large-scale solutions which will produce civilizational benefits for us. How to do it? I'm at a loss. The two, three things in the Indian Army ISRO system that I would like to point out that I highlighted over there, pride in the work at hand. When we talked about the Indian workers never rebelling before the 19th century, it was not just about having enough food to eat at a good place to live in and everyone talking to them nicely. It was also that they had tremendous amount of pride in the work. If you ever go to Agra to the Taj Mahal, spend a lot of time in Taj Mahal, but retain at least 30 minutes for you, of yours, for that small village which is next to the Taj, just across the road. This is the village of the same artisans who had constructed the Taj, the rest of the people who were there, go and talk to them. And think about the amount of positivity that they feel about the work that they are doing. That positivity, the pride in the work that is being done, their ancestors worked on Sangh Marmar and Stone, they continue to do it. If you ever go to Mamallapuram, go to the village and over there visit some of the workshops. Many of the guys are still using the same techniques that their ancestors did a thousand years ago and the way they talk about their business, the craft that they are practicing tells you that they feel very nice and happy about it. That is important, feeling pride in the work that you have to do. Visit Paitan. There's a small village a little away from here, about six hours away from here. Visit Paitan. Paitan is the traditional Sadi weaving village. There's a typical family lives in a house which is about this big and most of the house is just a gaddha, the size of a Sadi, Naugaj ka gaddha hai. Aruz gaddhe no ne apna loom laga rakh hai. The whole family surrounds the place, lives over there, cooks over there, lives in this place and they are so happy about doing what they are doing. They feel pleasure because they think that they've got a unique skill which only they have and no one else has. Pride in the work that they are doing is very, very important. Today, we have lost that pride. Feeling involved in the work. Second thing, the Indian does not feel involved in the work. I had suggested earlier that develop the ability to to develop a passion for the work that you're doing. Don't bother about, the English tells us you should do what you have a passion for.  You should also do the passion of singing. You should definitely do the passion of engineering. But you will discover that passion is for small things in life. There are thousands of other things to be done. The ability that you need to develop is passion for doing most of those thousands of things with great energy, great effort and great interest. And that comes from a mindset thing. You should not permit me to say so. You should not follow the western notions of how good work is done. You should follow the Indian notion of how good work is done.  The only person who does not feel happy doing the job, I mean, who doesn't say that I will do the same thing in my next life. I will do the same thing to my son. Is that person who is inside the sewer? He says, I'm inside the sewer. The Bombay sewer man is inside the sewer because the BMC gives him a quarter for free. If you get a free delivery in South Bombay, you are the first person to get married. You get married to the girl who is bringing the largest amount of the age. You have got a property for the next 40 years from where you can leverage the rest of the family. The Indian Express had done a story on the sewer man of Bombay and this is the structure they found across in that entire building. And every family has a son or a daughter now working in Saudi or in America or in the UK. Someone is in the construction industry. Someone is an engineer. Someone is a doctor. Someone is a scientist. These are not sons and daughters of sewer men anymore. And yet, they all have been there because there was one brother in the family who was sacrificed to this job. That is a sacrifice. You cannot be passionate about being sacrificed. But for work, you can. Absolutely. You are completely correct in that. A, there is a dilemma. How much should you obey and how much should you be asking the system to be fruitful about you? There is a problem over there of obeying rebellion. And for these issues till now from the 19th century onwards, we have not had a standard good solution. There been spiritual kind of solutions, but spiritual solutions don't work in real life. There have been philosophical suggestions. One can say even needs to establish a balance, etc, etc. That also doesn't work. So at the moment, what one can suggest is every individual is going to be faced with a unique situation, a unique set of problems on how to what extent to be obedient and to at what point to disobey. Everyone will have to come up with an answer, a solution, a response, which is going to be unique to their own location at that moment. And remember when you are responding to disobeying the system, when you're trying to disobey the system, the system is going to hit back at you and hit back harshly. Try to blackball you. So you have to be very strategically placed so that you cannot allow the system to harm you. There's a friend of mine, Yogan Ryadav. Some of you might have seen him somewhere or read something from him. He's one of those guys who does election kind of stuff. So, Yogan Ryadav is a very good person. I'm also a very good person. I used to live with him. I'm a very good person. His idea was the same and I used to completely agree with him.   You have to be very bright and be very nice. You should know what dirt the society or organization, the people around you can dish on you. Second, first be nice.  Third, be extremely intelligent in overcoming the obstructions that are going to happen to you. Take the example of the election commission. The election commission at the first time, 91, 92, it told the senior officers, please go into the field, see how elections are done. Senior officers made a mess of it. 96, 97, the election commission said, go into the field, the officers went and once again made a mess of it. 2004, the commission said, did not address the senior officers. It addressed the junior officers. And the children, keep an eye on the senior officers. There were 542 districts. In those districts, only 8 or 10 children were affected. But the impact of the 8 or 10 children was that all the 542 districts were fine. And after that, everything was fine. The strategy has to be correct. When you are trying to be correct and doing correct things, the strategy has to be correct so that the other guy cannot short circuit you. Rebellion, martyrdom, nonsense. You should never be a martyr. For anything.  If you have a job, everything is going to be fine. You have to maintain that you have to stay away from martyrdom. And yet you have to ensure that you will be able to twist the system and do things. Come to Punjab sometime. In Punjab, we have this saying about what the gurus told you. The gurus said that be nice and humble.  Be nice and humble.   The hawk is the mughal. The sparrow is the farmers, the peasants and the small people in Punjab and Haryana region. That is what you need to do. Other sciences, if you go to them when they have time, they see three points directly and rate on the rate. Considering the majority of India, these three points are not valid for people who are pushed into a medical or pushed into medical sciences. So, how? Why is it that the majority of India should go into medical sciences? The question is that you say that there should be passion for the work or whatever you are doing. At the same time, you are recommending that you would suggest that the majority of India should go into these Kaliyugi kind of trainings like engineering, medical, etc. And the majority of the people who get into these courses of study, they are not happy doing that and they would rather do something else. My submission is that you expand it a little more and include the sciences also in it, include the ITIs also in it, include any kind of technical training also into it. And that is the case everywhere. Uskar, your response there, that would be at 2-3 levels. At one level, is that fellow who has gone into fine arts or the history of philosophy or history or sociology, happy doing what he is doing. And I can assure you with 30 years of experience as a teacher in diverse environments that no, they are also not happy doing what they are doing. So that's okay. Happiness is, if not engineering or medical, happiness is less, happiness is less. It is that which suggests to me that happiness is not a function of what you are studying or what you have been asked to train in. Maybe the search for happiness has to be at a different level doing something else. And therefore, this other statement, the other recommendation that we need to not be happy, but to be efficient, effective, passionate about whatever we are doing. Let's take the example of the Army once again. This is something which I tell my friends in the IS all the time. I've been associated with the Police Training Academy, with the Income Tax Training Academy and the IS Training Academy very closely. And every time I've told them to look at IS Training Academy, which is next to the Army Training Academy. The Army takes in people who are completely, in the Indian context, completely down and out. The rich, aristocratic, socially well-off person is not getting into the Army anymore. The person who thinks that there is no job available other than the military and I can run a mile in so many minutes, he's the one who's going into the Army. And not everyone is practicing to do that. What the Army does is the Army says we don't care who you were before. Once you are with us, we are going to delete your personality that existed earlier. We are going to reboot you into the Army culture and we are going to feed the Army into you. The Army, the Air Force, you go to Pune, all the boys were running around. A student of mine, she's all of 25 years old. She joined the Army. She came back and she told me, she came back and she told me, sir, it's an amazing experience. They don't even ask you to do anything. They don't ask you to think. They don't ask you to work. They don't ask you to do anything. They just give you this 20 kilo load, 40 pounds. They say, run from this point to that point. After you've run from this point to that point, they say, run from that point to this point.  You don't think of anything else and once your mind is a total blank, they feed in whatever ideology. Remember, she's a grown-up woman now. She's just about to get married and had she been a traditional kind of system, she would already be having a large number of children and she says they've emptied your mind and now they're filling it with all sorts of things that they wanted to fill and she says that's very successful in it. There are no failures in our training. Everyone does it. These are not people who are passionate. It was the organization which made them passionate and once they start succeeding in it, in case you people have ever trained dogs, cats and parrots and minors, you would know. How do you train them? First, you have to set up communication links with them. Second, you have to start repeating whatever you need that particular thing to be trained in. Repeating in a particular manner which doesn't antagonize the person. Third, you have to be nice and compassionate about it. You can't take a whip up and start whipping your animal friend.  I can tell you I've done it with cats. I don't eat cat medicines. I told the cat to sit here.  You have to eat these medicines. You have to eat them.  In the end, you could see the face that she was making at me. She just jumped up and took the medicines from my palm and ate it. I said, it's okay. She didn't take it out. I have a lot of patience as a teacher. Even when I was a child, this happened when I was in school, but this is what you have to do. When Arthi, the student of mine, told me the story from the OTS, this is precisely what the Army was doing over there. This is what all good institutions would do. Prakash Tandon, please have a look at his book. Prakash Tandon says, I came to the IIM in 1971 and the immediate thing that I noticed was that the IIM boys have gone on a strike. Why have they gone on a strike? Because they've discovered that there is some social justice happening in Ahmedabad.  The government has put in all this money. The industrialists have put in all this money and the institution is not functioning. So he says, I had gone from a business background and I had gotten into this business as a person who was selling Dalda, taking Dalda from house to house to villages, asking people, I knew how people behave and why people behave the way they behave. So he said, I started looking around and I discovered that these students are supposed to work only 40 hours a week. And even in that 40 hour a week, which is the official hour, they're able to get away with working for four to five hours a week. He said, I had a detailed meeting with the faculty and I insisted that the workload should be increased to 70 hours a week. The moment the workload was increased to 70 hours a week, two things happened. One, students became passionate about the work. There's so much work to be done that everyone was focused on it. Second, their performance improved so much more. I am Hemdabad, which was merely producing lousy managers with one diploma certificate in their pocket. And the standard knowledge of those times was don't hire from these IAMs. These are just fancy colleges which don't do anything much. If you really want to hire a person as a manager, hire him like Prakash Tandon has been hired. From school, go and catch the boy. Give him a box of Dalda and tell him to go and sell it. If he succeeds in batching the Dalda Kadabba, he becomes a good manager. If he doesn't succeed, kick him out. This was the principle of those times. Prakash Tandon says, by increasing the workload to 70 hours, we ensured that the boys that were coming out of this institution were the best in the country. Once you're the best in the country coming out, then it was the best in the country who were coming in and the cycle set in and that cycle continues till now. He says it in so many words. He documents it. Unfortunately, we have not discovered how working hard helps.  The mind goes blank by the physicality of the effort and then you can focus the mind on something. Go for a long drive if you like to drive. Don't drive at 60 kilometers. Drive at 120 kilometers. It's safer to drive at 120 because you are forced to focus on your driving. You don't see anything, but that small patch of road about 30-40 yards in front of you. Nothing else is visible. He says, I went for such a long drive and I saw the scenery. You will see the scenery and focus on the driving. Do that. Try to focus your mind or do something which Professor Arya has been telling me for such a long time. Meditate. The Indians had discovered the value of meditation long ago and close to everyone who has participated in meditation exercises well says that it brings about a transformation and it's a positive transformation. It really doesn't matter what you meditate on, how you meditate. All that you've got to do is sit down and train your mind. It's mind training. Some people hire trainers. Some people just think about a guru or a Bhagawan or a word or something like that and do it. The results are almost the same almost all the time, but you need to do it. I must study law and politics, science and medicine and my children must study science and medicine so that their children can study the arts and literature. So I suspect India is at that second stage at present. So how much time and effort do you think it will take for us as a country to get to the third stage? The second stage is what you should do and after the second stage, the third stage should be happening along with the second stage. The question is that I should study law at the military war etc. So that I can create a situation where my children can study sciences and technology and they should be studying sciences and technology so that their children can study the fine arts. My answer to that is studying the fine arts is something that goes hand in hand with all these other studies. It is these are not studying the fine arts is not something which you do independent. I'll give you my own personal private example. I never studied history. My total contact with professional history mother as a middle aged maternity woman was to write a PhD. She said I want to write a PhD in history and my father said why don't you do that?  And I would read all of them in Hindi. There was no English around. Then I started reading all the history stuff that used to come in para, chanda mama, saptai, hindustan, dharmiyog. And in the course of things, it so happened that I bumped into a man who said I was not interested in studies. I mean mathematics I used to score well, but I'm not interested in mathematics. I'm not interested in ideas of the kind that my colleagues have. I'm not interested in the sciences in the sense that you need to learn a lot of things, etc, etc. My chemistry professor was working on something to do with family planning in rats and he wanted me to work with him. I said you have a topic of family planning in rats anyway. So I didn't do any of that. So this friend of the family, he said JNU chale jawa kujmi pad sakte ho. So that kujmi padne ke chakkar me JNU aagya. I never tested the history entrance exam and they chose me and they gave me very high marks in the merit list. I said I am a good historian. I have dharmyok, parang, chanda mama padne ke baad bhi if I am a good historian then maybe this is where the area where I should be. I didn't develop a passion for history.  I finished my PhD because my supervisor was an American kind of fellow and he kept on insisting ki kaam samai pe hona chahiye jis samai tum ne kai ki chapter dena to chapter dena padega tum ne kai ki itna document padhoga parna padega. You have to learn three languages.  So I learnt Marathi. I learned Gujarati. I learnt Urdu and I started reading those documents completely mechanical task. I finished my PhD in three and a half years put that document on the side. I was on a very very rich fellowship in those days fellowship amounts the same fellowship amount, but in those days they were very rich. The college lectures used to get much less than what we did especially if you were in JNU. So then I spent up time roaming around the jungles going into the desert totally vela time with friends not falto ka time constructive kind of stuff. And then one day an advertisement came for Punjab University. I did not even apply for it. My friend who was already teaching in Punjab University. He sent me a letter saying Rajeev Lochand. Please apply for this. I'm leaving this job. I'm going to Shimla because that is my hometown. You can take up my job. So I went there. They took me in. I mean I was not unemployed ever. I submitted my thesis in April and may I got my job without any pull without any pressure and then I went to Chandigarh with 72 rupees in my pocket to trousers. All my Saman in JNU with a clear objective. Vapas a jana. I have stayed the 30 years simply because when you went there and you met these extremely fresh faces in front of you every time you could trade with new ideas. Something new could happen. Some new ideas were coming up a passion developed. But this passion developed as was not a consequence of wanting to develop a passion. It was a consequence of just mechanically doing a large amount of work and I used to read a lot. That was something that I did all the time and I was reading Picasso and Picasso says there's this boy who comes to him and he says I want to be a painter. So Picasso draws a circle and he says a chase me circle center point out the boy points up points out a circle Picasso takes a scale draws standard lines and says this is not the center. So the boy goes back he trains himself a little more. This time he comes to Picasso and Picasso says no what you should do is you should first draw freehand circle and then put the center in it. He's trained himself to do the center is not trained himself to do the circle. So he's failed once again. He goes back once again. He comes back a third time. This time also if he's failed. He asks a question and he's the one who reports all this.  He's the one who's reporting it to us and he says I failed once again. So I asked Picasso why are you asking me these silly questions? You have to be creative. You have to be sensitive. You have to be expressive because I said what nonsense if you want to draw a good painting. See this is how I do my painting and he took him into the studio and in the studio remember this is the boy whom he has rejected many times and he's not even going to take him up as a student even now and he shows him the first painting is a normal standard painting. The second version is one in which he has distorted images a little bit. Third version is more distortion is set up 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, the 15th version is the one which is actually going up on the final canvas. He says this final canvas was always there. But before this I was using my scrapbook to experiment with shapes and sizes and breaking up of images, etc, etc, etc. This is pre First World War period. This boy later on the First World War breaks out. He joins the French army and immediately there's a problem in the First World War before that people used to wear clothes which are bright and shiny and thousands and thousands of soldiers are getting killed in the war. This man suggests he tells his commanding officer, Sir, I have an idea. You know this happened with me with Picasso and he narrates the whole thing and he says in Picasso's final thing was I should break shapes in such a manner that the human eye cannot see it anymore. So the commanding officer says, how can you not see something which you can see with your eyes? I mean there's a cow. You can see it with your eyes. So there's a cow. But he says no Picasso ne kya kya? He's broken the shapes. He says that's very funny. Even after you've broken the shape, you can still see it. He says, no, give me a chance. It's possible to break shapes using lines in such a manner that the human eye cannot see it and he produces the first formal proper camouflage designs for any army in the world. Essentially he's copying Picasso. Today that you see the camouflage uniforms, they are take off on and in case you want to ever judge it. Look at a soldier wearing camouflage from a distance. Unless you know who he is, chances are that you'll notice a large number of people around him, but you'll skip the soldier because the camouflage today is so highly developed that you don't need to do was typer wala nahi kar rahi karat parati. All that you need to do is break the shape by drawing a line here, by drawing a line here, by drawing a line here. So much so when the Motor Vehicles Act was being passed, the Motor Vehicles Act has a sentence over there which says you cannot change the color and the lines of your vehicle. Putting up stickers, making extra lines, extra decorations, all that is illegal because it breaks the outline and the object ceases to be visible. Thing is, passion, value, love for your task, Mr. Picasso was saying comes as a consequence of hard work and labor for what you're doing. That seemed to match with much of what I used to think. So that narrative, I absolutely fell in love with Picasso and studied more of Picasso and stuff like that. But I think that is what every one of us needs to do. Getting educated is something which requires today society needs science and technology. It really doesn't matter who you are. You should know science and technology. You need mathematics today. So you should know mathematics. You need statistics today. You should know statistics. Do you also need to know history, society, culture, literature, etc., etc.? Yes, you do. But that is of a secondary nature. You have to be sensitive about it, but not necessary. It's not necessary knowledge. It's add on knowledge. That's what I would say. Okay. Thank you very much. Very kind of you to be here.


Mae'n mynd i ei hynn ymdol, mae wedi mewn i'n gofyn ar hyn yn siŵr allan yr MRI. Mae'n mynd i'n mynd i fewn i ddweud a'n gyfnododd yma fynd i ffodol. Mae'r lystdoedd yn fysig o'r rhwng. So ydy'r mynd i'w ddweud o rwyf yn y 20-rwyth, gyda nhw i'n mynd i'w ddweud yw'r bydden nhw'n mwynhwyggol i'w ddweud. Felly, nad ymmell nhw'n dweud, adroddoddai ni'n ddweud o'r cyd-ddoeth. Felly mae'n perthynau i'ch gynnwys i ddweud i ddweud y gwaith, felly mae'n gwybod i'n gwybod i'ch ganddwy i'ch ganddwy. A'n ddweud i'r ddweud i'ch ganddwy. Mae'n gwybod i fi'ch gair i'ch ganddwy i'ch ganddwy i'ch ganddwy. Rwy'n gweithio i'r gwerthfawr ar eich gweithio, mae'n gweithio i chi oedd y lleoedd yn y gweithio neu'r cwrsau yma yn dweud i'ch gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio neu'r gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. Mae'r ddechrau yn iawn pan fyddwyl ac fyddwyl ar y ddweud Ac mae'n eitb wath arnynt yma Byddai'r rhagleniol ar gyd ar ei ddaf yn y ddweud I ddaf yn ei ddweud, mae'n ddweud â'r ddweud Mae'n ddweud, o fawr, ble mae'n ddweud ar ddweud yn y prymysg er fyddwyl Ac felly, yna ddim yn eu gwirio sut mae'n hyn terrible a'r ddweud Roedd beasteau mor ddweud a'r ddweud arall yn ddweud y ddweud Ac yn gennyddanol a'r ddweud I begin to sort of get a picture of what primitive organic compounds were brought to the surface of the early earth as well. Clearly at that point we're looking back in time at a period before life had got started on the earth, but we're beginning to look at the actual building blocks of biology on earth. What this instrument does is it will be involved with a campaign where solid samples are drilled out of the surface of the comet, delivered into the spacecraft and then they'll be put into an oven connected to this instrument. The oven will heat the sampler and all the materials that are in there will then ultimately go into this instrument and this will tell us what the comet is made out of. This is a scale model of the lander, a lander's called Philae. Normally it is completely covered in solar panels. They are taken off so that we can see the inside here. As I say, this is a scale model. The real thing I always say is about the size of a washing machine, so that gives you some idea about how big the whole lander is. Our instrument that we saw in the laboratories actually buried deep inside here. The way it gets samples is through this device here, which is a drill, which goes down into the surface of the comet, brings the materials up. They then get put into an oven round the back here and that gets rotated into mating with our instrument. Once you've developed sophisticated instrumentation that is literally the size of a shoe box, you then have potential applications that you would never have had previously with laboratory sized instruments, either because they're too big, they're too heavy, you can't wheel them around. The applications are in any number of areas. They could be in pollution, in global climate change issues, or in healthcare, which is something that we've been exploring. We've been involved with a number of studies involved with applications in TB detection, cancer detection and so on. In some ways, some of the applications are way more surprising to us than we'd imagined at the start. I think all of us who've been involved with it over these years are quite grateful that we are getting to this point, a point where we're actually going to do the things that we set out to do. It is nerve-wracking, of course, because there are plenty of things that could go wrong, but it's what space exploration is all about.


The Johnson-Wax Program, Words at War with Clifton Fadiman. The makers of Johnson's Wax for home and industry in cooperation with the Council on Books and Wartime proudly present one of the most widely discussed radio programs in America, Words at War, bringing you dramatizations of the most representative books to come out of this great world conflict. And here with us again tonight is one of America's keenest judges of good books, Clifton Fadiman. Good evening. The liberation of France is now being accomplished. A liberation which began four years ago at the moment for collapse. How did the French people work and fight for their freedom during these four long years? Tonight's dramatization will give you one of the answers. Meanwhile, Jack Costello brings you a brief message from the makers of Johnson's Wax. Like most of us, when you do drive your car nowadays, you try to share it with your friends and neighbors. When they ride with you, do you have to apologize for the looks of it? Does it have a hang-dog gloomy look that makes you a little bit ashamed? Well, don't feel bad if it does. Just get yourself a package of Johnson's Carnue, that easy-to-use polish that both cleans and polishes in one application. You've really got a thrill ahead of you if you've never used Carnue. All that dirt and grime will disappear like magic, leaving a satin smooth finish that resists soiling and is easy to keep clean. Carnue is a liquid polish.  It's not only wise to take care of the finish of your car, it's so much more satisfaction driving a car that's clean and sparkling. And it's easy to keep your car that way with Johnson's Carnue, spelled C-A-R-N-U. Mr. Fadiman? Tonight we present a radio adaptation of Leon Foistvangas' stirring book, Simone. The setting of our story is a courtroom in the little town of Saint-Martin, France. The time, June 1940, on the eve of the total defeat of France by Germany. The occasion, the trial of 15-year-old Simone Planchard, accused of perpetrating a crime against the people of France. The characters, loyal citizens of France, and fascist-minded collaborationists. As our scene unfolds, we'll leave it to you to decide which is which. Hello, Simone Planchard. Would the prisoners step into the witness box, please? Thank you. Simone Planchard, you are accused of willfully and maliciously performing an outrageous act of mischief. Are you guilty or not guilty? No. Mademoiselle, you do not understand my question. I asked if you... Billiff. Monsieur? Billiff, go away. Simone Planchard, do you know me? Yes, of course. You are the Marquis de Sambreson, a friend of my uncle. Do you trust me? No. It is perhaps wiser if the courtroom does not laugh. How old are you, Simone? I am 15 years old, Monsieur. 15, and already you do not trust. You are ill-advised, Mademoiselle. I am frightened, Monsieur. Simone, everyone in this courtroom is your friend. You must realize that it is within our power to alleviate your punishment if we see fit. But we want the truth. Your last chance, Simone. What is the truth? If I tell you the truth, could I do it my own way? Of course. And will nobody stop me until I get done? Simone, the German military governor now in command in San Martin has graciously permitted us to handle this in our own way. But their patience is not endless, nor is mine. Understand? Yes, Monsieur. It happened because... Well, you see, it's all mixed up. There are lots of people in it. My father and Joan of Arc and Maurice. He's the only alive one in it except me. Oh, I hope he's still alive. He's got to be. He helped me so much. Unfortunately, Mademoiselle, according to our laws, you may still be heard in open court. However, all we want are the facts. Begin at the beginning and tell us the facts. All right, I'll try. My mother died when I was born. And my father died ten years ago when I was five years old. He was known as a liberal. And there are people who don't like liberals. After he was killed, I lived with my uncle, Prosper Blanchard, and Madame, my grandmother, who really isn't my grandmother, but my step-grandmother. Which is maybe why she doesn't like me. She didn't like my father either.  My uncle had lots of drivers to drive his cars for him, and Maurice was one of them. As I said, it really began that day the refugees came through our town, and I had to sell them my uncle's gasoline. You have gasoline, Mademoiselle? Oh, yes, Monsieur, plenty. You will sell it? But, of course, that's what it's for. Oh, thank God. You see, Marie, that's what I told you. I knew everything would be all right. Excuse me, Mademoiselle, but my wife is so worried. The Germans come so fast, and there are so many cars stolen without gasoline. So many of our people will be caught by the Nazis, and my wife was so worried. But now, now everything will be all right. How much may I buy? Would five gallons be all right? Certainly, Monsieur. Oh, Mademoiselle, you're so good. We prayed so hard, Marie, and me. Oh, thank you, Mademoiselle, thank you. Please don't. The gasoline will cost you 1,000 francs. You fell. You're joking. No, Monsieur. But no one in France has that much money. No Frenchmen. I'm sorry. But please, you can't do this. I have much money, but I can pay what is fair. The fair price is 100 francs. Won't you sell it to me for 200 francs? I can't. I'm not allowed to. My uncle owns this garage, and he won't allow me to. Please don't ask me. Please don't ask you. Am I being unfair? Am I insensitive? My daughter was killed, my home wrecked, and I'm trying to save my wife from the Nazis. Must I apologize for making you uncomfortable? Is that it? I don't understand this world, Marie. I don't know how to live in it anymore. I don't know what to do, where to go. No, no, Marie. You mustn't cry. It'll be all right. I'll take care of you. I always have. We have a little gasoline left. Don't cry, Marie. We'll go as far as we can, and then something good will happen. You wait. Don't cry, Marie. Please, Marie, my wife, don't cry. Well, I see the honorable niece is out doing her best for God country and Uncle Prosper. Did you hear that poor old man, Marie? I heard it will delight your uncle. No, it won't. You'll hate it. My uncle's a good man, but he's got to remain in business, doesn't he? Why? Because France needs him. France needs businessmen like Uncle Prosper. France? What France? France are the steel mills, munition makers? Are the France of the workers, shoppers, storekeepers? What is France anyway? Is it the lady on the postage stamp, the lady with the cap? Everybody knows what France is. It's whites. Mm-hmm. You're blind, Simone.  I am not. You've let your uncle talk.  Pretending to be a patriot at the same time. He is a patriot. And why doesn't he give us gasoline to the refugees? Why doesn't he give us cars to them? He will. I know he will. When? When he's ready. You bet he will to the Germans. That's not true. I'll come to life, Simone. You've forgotten what the world is like. You've read so much about Joan of Arc. What's wrong with that? Her world was a real world? You know what happened if she were alive today? What? Nothing. They'd laugh at her. They did then, too. Oh, what's the use?   What's that got to do with it?  Yes, I do. Your France is dying. The fascists here. The cagulards, the flandas, and lavales, and benets have delivered us over to their friends, the Germans. It's our own steel monopoly, Simone. And our own neighbors who put possessions first. They've won the war against France. But what have I? You and your dreams about Joan of Arc. You're not your father's daughter. Pierre Planchard was a man. But your uncle is a fatuous, grasping old... Right this very moment, he's plotting with a Marquis de Sembrisson. That good and true fascist. To turn over his garage and trucks to the Germans in the morning. To the Germans in the morning? The Germans will have this town by morning. If you don't know it, then you're the only one who doesn't. Don't be frightened.  Nazis will be very fond of your grandmother, your uncle, and you. Oh, no, Maurice, you've got it all wrong. We're not collaborationists. We're not. We're not. I'm glad to hear it. Please, Maurice, listen to me. Uncle Prosper wouldn't let the Germans get his cars. He'll reckon first. He will. He'll do it tonight. I know he will. He'll do it tonight. Maurice, he'll do it tonight. Not tonight, Simone. No dinner tonight. Just wine. But Uncle Prosper... Simone, do not argue. My son is tired. Yes, Grandmother. And play at the table. Yes, son. Grandmother. What is it? May I ask Uncle Prosper just one question? No. No! Oh, come now, Mother.  What is it, Simone? Is it true the Germans will be here tomorrow? Why did you hear such nonsense? I heard it in town. Is it true, Uncle Prosper? Is it true? Why, that's the most ridiculous... Uncle? Yes. Yes, it's true. Prosper! It's all right, Mother. Now don't get excited. I've fixed everything. It's all arranged. You mean? I told you it's all arranged. Just leave it to me. We should both stop bothering me. Can a man enjoy a little peace in a little... Uncle Prosper! What is it now? The garage and the cars. You'll want to destroy them. I'll help you. Oh, I'll help you, Uncle Prosper. And we better... What nonsense are you talking? Murray said you wouldn't do it. But I knew you would. We can do it right now. Grandmother can stay here. And if anybody comes, she'd pretend we're asleep.  Don't listen to her, my son. Don't listen! Be quiet, Mother. Simone, are you afraid that I'm not a patriot? Isn't that it? Oh, no, I knew you were. I knew it all along. And that's why I want to help you wreck your cars so the Germans won't get them. I'm a patriot too. But I think we'd better hurry, Uncle Prosper. I think we'd better... I think you'd better listen to me. I have no intentions of destroying my cars, or my trucks, or my garage. Is that clear? The Germans... The Germans will be all over France in a few days. Nothing can stop them. France is doomed.  Why should I? Uncle Prosper... If my father were alive, you would not talk like this. Your father... Your blood is as bad as his was. Who told him to go to the Congo and stir up the Negroes against us? We warned him, but he was deaf to our warnings. Now he's dead and gone in good riddance.  Mother, Simone, how old are you? Fifteen? I'll take my word for it. Things look a lot different at fifteen than they do at fifty. When you know you're right, it doesn't matter how old you are. Simone... Your grandmother asked you to clear the table, didn't she? Well then clear it! You hear me? Clear it! Yes, Uncle Prosper. That was when I knew I had to do it. I remember just before my father went off to be killed in the Congo. He told me that if I ever had to do something that was right and was afraid to, to repeat to myself a certain sentence, you can remember a lot from five years old if you work at it. The sentence was this. When, if not now, who else if not you? I kept saying it over and over. When, if not now, who else if not you? You see, I just couldn't get away from it. Then I went to my room and read some about Joan of Arc, because she had had problems, too, if you remember. No, wait a minute. First I stole Uncle Prosper's garage key from his bureau drawer, and then I read about Joan. And then I did it. I climbed out of the bedroom window and ran down the street. I ran and ran till it felt like I'd spent my whole life running. And I ran like somebody was chasing me, except nobody was. At last I got to the garage and locked the door and went in. And it was so dark and my heart was crashing around in my breast and I was so scared I didn't think or feel. I just said, when, if not now, who if not you? Over and over again, so I wouldn't think or feel. I just kept saying, when, if not now, who if not you? When, if not now, who if not you? I set fire to Uncle Prosper's garage and it burnt to the ground. All of it. Cars, trucks, garage. And the Germans couldn't use any of it. That's the crime I did against France. This is Clifton Faderman speaking. Tonight, on the Johnson's Wax Program, Words at War, we're bringing you a dramatization based on Leon Feuchtfanger's story of Simone.  She told the court of her belief that this same uncle would destroy his garage rather than have it fall into the hands of the Germans. And then she told of a discovery that he had no intention of doing so. And now we continue her story. Me, Maurice.  I'm right here.  You've gotten yourself into a fine mess, my little friend. But how did you know I did it? Nobody but you would have done such a charlotte's job. Does everybody think I did it? Of course. Who else if not you? You? I would have done it better. The fire is still smoldering and already everybody in town knows it was Pierre Planchard's daughter. What about his brother, Mike, and they think it was Uncle Prosper? Uncle Prosper? That's Volga. Listen, Simone, you're in bad trouble. Your uncle's still poking around the ashes, but he'll be back soon, and then...  Why were you so foolish? Was I wrong, Maurice? No, not wrong, but... the danger's all out of proportion to the advantage. Danger you mean from the Germans? Yes, from them too, but I was thinking of our own fascist. Don't worry about them. You and Uncle Prosper can take care of me. Oh, well, this girl never learned. Listen, Simone, don't you understand that the Marquis and your uncle will never forgive you for what you've done to them? They let the Germans into this country.  Patriotism, that's mutiny. You can't do things like that, Simone. I did it. Badly. All right, but I did it. You don't still hate me, do you? I could skin you alive. That's all right. What's that? I don't know. Simone, listen to me. I wanted to tell you slowly, but there isn't time. I'm leaving for Algiers. You're leaving when? Now. Oh, no. I've got to. The first things were all mixed up. That's all changed now.  The Tan, the Nazis, and all the French fascists on one side. Liberty, equality, fraternity, all the anti-fascists of the world on the other. I've got to go, Simone. Maurice. And I want you to come with me. You want? I can't leave you here. It's dangerous, Simone. You must come with me. Oh, Maurice, I can't. Why not? It's Uncle Prosper. Tell me quickly. Why not? You're wrong about him. Maurice, he's been good to me. He's good. Maurice, really good. You'll betray us, Simone. You're wrong. You would never hurt me, never. Uncle Prosper will stand by me, and I've got to be here to be stood by. Don't you see?  Maurice. What? Thank you for asking me. Go to the devil. Simone, please. I can't. Simone! Maurice. Come with me. No, you've got to go. Hurry. Come on. Are you there? Maurice, say something to me. Say something. Tell me I'm right. Make me stronger, Maurice. Of course you're right, but you've got to come with me. Say something else. Say something else. I love you. Maurice. Wherever I go, whatever I do, I don't know what will happen, Simone. This is the time for brave words, but I haven't any. Maybe I'll never come back to you. I don't know. All I can say is that if we work long enough and fight hard enough and if there's enough obvious, maybe. That's you and me for always, Simone. Remember that. Oh, yes, Maurice. I've got to go now. I know. Goodbye, my dear.  Remember that, Simone. I'll remember. I'll remember, Maurice. Just a minute, Uncle Prosper. I'm coming. Uncle Prosper! Traitor!  I've told you. I've told you. You've got to sign this declaration. I can't. What's wrong? I'm sorry, Monsieur Lemakis. It's hopeless. I can't do a thing with her. What woman, Plancha? Simone, let me redo this declaration again. I, Simone Plancha, do confess voluntarily and without compulsion that on the 17th day of June, 1940, I set fire to the buildings of the transfer establishment Prosper Plancha and Company. I did it because I was deeply offended in regard as unjust the criticism of Madame Plancha that I did not satisfactorily perform the duties imposed upon me in my home. I was angry and I saw no other means of venting my resentment. And I believed that through this act I would grievously annoy and injure Madame Plancha, my grandmother. Now, Simone. I told you and told you I can't sign it. Nobody would believe it anyway. That's precisely the point. Nobody would believe it except the Germans. What do you mean? Everyone in this town loves and honors you for your act. But why suffer for something when your uncle and I can save you? All the Germans want to know is was it a political act of violence against them? If they assure themselves it was a political act then everybody in San Martin will suffer. However, if we can convince them that it wasn't, then you go free and the blight over all of us is lifted. I, I don't know what to do. I'm so tired. Sign it, Simone. But, Simone, I want to save you. I saw your father go the same way and I, I couldn't help him. Now, you, his daughter, have done something equally brave and wonderful and I can't help you. Please, Simone, let me help you, please. Uncle Prosper, if I sign this declaration, will the Germans give you back your business? Right. That is, I... Answer, Plancha, answer. Yes, they will. And you, Mr. Lemaki, if I sign, you will be in favor again, too. That is correct. Doesn't that count for something with you, Simone? Your uncle has spent a lifetime building his business. All of your fellow citizens trust you to save them from German reprisals. Don't let them down, my child. I, I... And above all, remember, if you sign this, nothing will happen to you. Absolutely nothing. I won't be punished. Certainly not. The whole matter will be forgotten completely. Come, child, sign it. Shall I, Uncle Prosper? Shall I sign it? Uncle Prosper, look at me. Shall I sign it? Yes. Then, Monsieur. Here it is. There. I've signed. I've put my name to it. Oh, I shouldn't have. I shouldn't have done it. But, Jack, please, may I have it back? No. But... No. I... I don't know what to do. I'm tired. And I'm so tired. Could I be excused now? One moment, please, Simone Planchard. As deputy prefect of the occupied town of San Martin, France, I arrest you on behalf of the state of Germany. And that is the whole truth, as I know it, so help me, God. Mademoiselle Planchard, from beginning to end, your story is one monstrous lie. It is not as true. You know it's too misalomaki. You know it. And my people here know it, too. Mademoiselle. What I did was right. Silence, silence. I get that lie to help save France from the Germans, and I'll do it again. And now, I'm awfully tired. So, would you mind giving me the death sentence quick? Why, Simone, you're not going to be put to death. That's preposterous. It is? Why, certainly, we don't put little girls to death. We're going to take care of you. You mean everything's all right? Of course. Your act was the wicked deed of revenge of a depraved child. And so, Simone, we're going to put you in a home for bad girls. The granite house. Oh, no! The granite!  Did you think we would ennoble your act by making a martyr of you? Is that what you thought?  No, Simone, a home for bad girls is the place for you. It's not a nice place, but then, my dear, you're not a nice little girl. But that's all right. We'll take care of you. Good care. Even that, I can stand. Maurice said you're all fascists, and he was right. And you fascists may be smarter than I am, but there are people you're not smarter than. People like my father and Joan of Arc and Maurice and maybe some in this very room who are afraid now. But they're not always going to be. And then you'd better watch out. Get her out of here! That's what France is, Miss Ellen Muckie. It's the feeling people like me have against people like you.  It will live. This is Clifton Fatterman. The Johnson's Wax program, Words at War, has brought you a dramatization based on Leon Foigtwanger's novel, Simone, the story of the young French patriot. Today, Simone and all those like her have at last won the freedom for which they've fought so long. However, the physical liberation of France may remind ourselves in all compassion. It's only one step in a greater story, a story of which we might call the regeneration of France. Oh, it's all very well for us to feel a glow of generosity at the thought that today we're rushing tons of food to a liberated Paris. But the story does not end there. In the months and years that lie ahead, as this great nation refines herself in her fourth republic, France will need our sympathy, our spiritual help, and sometimes even our patience. Let's see that she gets them. Now, after a brief message by Jacques Castello, I'll be back. I'd like to read you a letter we received from a lady last week, and it really doesn't need any comment. Here it is. I'm really ashamed to admit that, although I never missed a broadcast with Fever McGee and Molly, I did not use your product glow coat. Had been using something else for five, so I decided I'd try glow coat. If only for the privilege I enjoyed over my radio. I purchased a jar of glow coat this week, and after using it, I stood and admired my linoleum floors like a child with a new toy. It was so simple, no work at all, and it dries so quickly and evenly. I was amazed at the small amount used after giving my floors a second coat. I'll never use any other. Thanks for Johnson's glow coat. All week I've been saying to myself, why didn't I get glow coat sooner? Okay, Mr. Padiman, what's the book for next week? Next week, Words at War presents a dramatization of Willard Waller's book, The Veteran Comes Back. The time's getting close, when G.I. Joe will come home now. Are we on the home front, ready to face him, to help him become readjusted, to help him regain his foothold in society? These are the questions that will be answered on next week's Words at War, The Veteran Comes Back. Tonight's dramatization was written by Edith Sommer and featured Marguerite Morrissey as Simone. Music was composed and conducted by Morris Mamorsky. The production was under the direction of Anton M. Lieder. Next week, the makers of Johnson's Wax brings you a dramatization of The Veteran Comes Back by Willard Waller on Words at War. Jack Costello speaking, this is the national broadcasting company.


Behind me here is a poster with a bunch of words on it, and it represents the most important things. I've learned in my life And at the beginning I learned the opposite of all this stuff I didn't learn to be honorable and tell the truth. I learned to lie Because if you can lie and get away with it, you can make more money And you can get things that you don't deserve lie cheat and steal if you can get away with it it's okay and Believe the lies. Don't look don't look for honesty or truth in the world You just believe the lies when the teacher tells you something you believe it when the TV tells you something you believe it when an adult Any figure of authority they tell you something you don't question you just believe it Don't try to see what's really going on and don't use the strength in your body.   What's wrong with you? Why are you doing that?  What kind of superficial? Loser are you or you're doing something different than other people. That's weird. You must be a nerd Express hatred toward people don't don't show them love Express hatred and don't ever use your imagination to figure anything out.  I know what I'm doing. I've got a good job And I've got this and that and I know what I should be doing and I know what everyone else should be doing too Everyone should be doing the same thing as me because I'm full of arrogance And that's how you become a good person So that's what I learned growing up And none of that jived with me I hated the whole thing so a couple decades ago I was like I got I got to figure out some some way to straighten this out in my head Because I'm constantly battling with everything I've learned growing up growing up to this point So I came up with the adventure builders club, which isn't really a club. It's it's a philosophy There's no there's no membership card or clubhouse your participation in the club defines your membership You're doing the stuff. You're in the club. You're not doing the stuff. You're not in the club And it's all about adventure and building a life And the important parts honor Tell the truth speak the truth And when you say you're going to do something you follow through with it That's all about telling the truth and you can't tell the truth If you can't see the truth look at the world honestly Don't don't pay attention to all the descriptions people are telling you about the world push no put all that aside Put aside all the biases and whatever one's telling you about the world move all that out of the way and see what's actually there See the world for what it is That's honesty Strength man, don't resist your urge to use your body Even if it's been if it's been crushed out of you for for decades If you're sitting there at home watching tv Thinking man the gutters need to be cleaned out the lawn needs to be mowed don't pick up your phone No, pick up the remote and turn off the tv and get your butt out there and you mow the lawn and you clean out your gutters And by the end of it, you're gonna feel much better than if you went It just sat in front of the tv for two hours while someone else did it And have the courage to do those things Don't worry about your neighbors coming over and laughing at you for cleaning out your gutters Don't don't worry about telling the truth and people people saying oh, you're being weird No, you're not allowed to say that freedom of speech is not important No freedom of speech is so important and if you don't have the courage to use it That's how you use lose it.   You look funny.  Why are you doing that?  It's a little unusual.  Yeah, come on man. Let's do it. Bam love You're not going to get through to everyone, but you're going to get through to some people An imagination use your imagination to figure out how to solve problems Don't just rely on what everyone else is doing Don't just call someone or or pay something every time something's wrong Use your own imagination figure stuff out because the more you use your imagination the better it gets And the better solutions you can find with things And maybe people are going to look at you and say boy, that's weird and unusual But maybe then you'll get to go up to them and say hey look I made this thing because I I thought I could do a better job than what you can buy in the store What no you all you you should only buy things at the store. Don't use your imagination Ah, but check it out. Look what mine does that no one else's does. Did you do it does this? Because I used my imagination and figured something out cool, right?  You got nothing and humility Remain humble the whole time Don't get arrogant even if you're doing a good job of all this stuff And you do it and you're looking at other people and they're not doing it and you think wow i'm doing better Always know That you have a long way to go No matter how far you've come you've still got a long way to go and don't be afraid To try things where you're going to fail where you're going to stumble and fall And when you stumble and fall Don't jump up and say well, that wasn't my fault.  No you you humbly accept that. Yes, I've fallen Because I lack something And figure out what it is and figure out how to improve it Maybe you need more strength. Maybe you need more courage. Maybe you need more love. Maybe you need whatever it is Figure out what you're missing And accept that you don't have it And then that gives you the chance to try to improve it and that's how you grow And without humility you can't grow because if you already think you're the best there's nowhere to go from there But if you know you have room for improvement, that's how you get better And if you can do all this stuff your mind Your body and your spirit begin to thrive they begin to thrive in a way That you could not explain to someone who's not doing it It would be like trying to explain what the world looks like to someone who's never opened their eyes Like they're all these colors and I could not explain to you what it's like to have a a thriving mind, body and spirit. You have to do it And man when you do it the world is at just a different place It like opens it up to it's just a different place. It's worth doing And when you can do all that you realize that life Life isn't just something that happens to you life is an adventure And a good life is something you build And when you start building a good life, welcome to the club


before last night. It's a very happy ending. It beats the Russian. It's some of the greatest fight stuff I've ever seen filmed, so real for you. From experience, I know how fight scenes are done, but good lord, I can't help but think they were swapping each other. They can dub in the sound for a blow, but you can't dub in the sweat flying off their face when they get hit. Did you see the other three Rocky movies? I know that I've seen the original and I've seen one other. I can't remember whether I've seen all three of them or just two of them. I've only seen the original, but this one might be worth it. This one might be worth it to see him beat the Russian. I must say, he, the physical shape he's in, good lord, he must spend a lot of time in the gym. He looks like Mr. America with the muscles and everything, so did the guy they had playing the Russian part. Thank you very much. Ten seconds, mics on. Stand by. My fellow Americans, this has been a difficult week for the United States. I know we've all been deeply shaken by the tragedy of the Space Shuttle Challenger. America has suffered a great national loss and we mourn as one people united in our grief. Yet, as I said to young Americans last Tuesday, we must also find courage to push on. The future does not belong to the faint-hearted, it belongs to the brave. The Challenger crew was pulling us into the future and we'll continue to follow them. Nothing ends here. Our hopes and our journeys continue. Great challenges demand heroic struggles. We tend to forget it being 19 years since our last space program setback that progress often does not come without great costs or daunting risks. Nowhere is that lesson clearer than here in Washington, D.C. The federal government has been living beyond its means for 24 of the last 25 years. Government has been taxing and spending your earnings as though they're inexhaustible, as though there need never be the kind of struggle to make ends meet that families undergo each week. And this is why we have nearly a $2 trillion debt hanging over our future. All of us were told by our parents, you've got to face reality. Today, we as a nation must face the reality that deficit spending, if permitted to continue, could eat away the economic gains we've made these last few years and undermine the well-being of our children. Recent passage of the Graham-Rudman Hollings Amendment was an admission by the Congress that zero hour is upon us, that America must make decisions we've never been willing to make before. Graham-Rudman Hollings will force the Congress to meet a deficit target by steadily reducing the growth in federal spending. Each year, the deficit must be cut by a fixed amount until it is brought down to zero in fiscal year 1991. If the Congress fails to make the necessary cuts, the law provides for across-the-board cuts to assure the deficit target is met. Today, I have ordered federal agencies to carry out the first round of across-the-board cuts required under the law, $11.7 billion. I'm confident we can achieve these reductions while maintaining government services. Nevertheless, these budget savings make no distinction between high-priority programs and those of little merit. Our administration's 1987 budget takes a different and better approach to meeting the Graham-Rudman Hollings deficit targets. We propose to reform or eliminate the programs and activities that are either too big or that shouldn't exist at all. And we propose to transfer programs that should be handled by state and local governments or private enterprise consistent with their traditional responsibilities. At the same time, we'll keep faith with the fundamental commitments we made to the American people. First, we will not cut the essential programs to anyone who needs such assistance, nor will we cut social security payments to those who've paid their dues to society. Second, we will insist on modest but steady growth to sustain the defense program set in motion five years ago. When we came to Washington in 1981, U.S. military security had been shameful and neglected. We hadn't built a new land-based strategic missile system since the 1960s, and we'd been dismantling our nuclear warheads even as the Soviet Union was racing forward with the most awesome military buildup in history. The morale and training of our armed forces was sinking. An alarming percentage of our planes and ships couldn't take off or leave port, and the supply of basic munitions like bullets and artillery shells had fallen to an unacceptably low level. The Soviets want nothing more than to see America flinch and forsake the rebuilding program we've worked so hard to get started. We've spent five years making our military more competitive and America secure again. We must not permit this vital work to be undone in the second term. Third, let me make it plain that our budget will not increase taxes on the American people, because any tax increase the Congress sends me will be DOA, dead on arrival. We haven't built 37 months of economic expansion and created over 9 million jobs by raising taxes on the people. We've done it by increasing opportunity, and building an American Opportunity Society for Tomorrow is the vision that must continue to unite and inspire us in the days ahead. Until next week, thanks for listening. God bless you. How short was I? One second. One second. Perfect. I could stop that clock in my head from ticking at night. You better without your watch with the second hand on it. I guess it's afternoon here, isn't it? After 12. Thank y'all.


ing you don't always see in a leadership position and that was something I took note of and even before Executive Director Projosh was there was no position available we just were starting this commission and Ed was over at the Attorney General's Office as the first assistant and he couldn't have been more helpful to us and I'll always remember that because we were scrambling, right there were lots of people we had to make sure our regulations were what we thought they should be there were just so many issues right out of the box and Ed was really terrific in helping he sat in and did interviews with us he'd give us a heads up watched your meeting today got to be careful about this or that I mean making sure we had a strong relationship with the Attorney General's Office which was important to all of us so the front end was really important and then to watch this organization grow over the last four years under Ed's leadership I think is something noteworthy and I want to thank you and certainly we will miss you thank you yeah no same same feeling I think looking back at your tenure the way you started to to outline it earlier in the meeting today it's really bookended by very important milestones it includes significant developments for this agency very important decisions that we had to make and rely on your leadership to help us help us do that I remember as well when the interview that we did publicly that you mentioned was a traffic and which is key because this is a very unique structure that we have here reporting to five people but having to manage in between meetings a number of things not just with those five people but critically with the rest of the agency and that's a really it occurred to me that it's a traffic up in one of those Boston intersections that are going all over the place you know what's the one in Somerville that no one listens to but as Commissioner Cameron was saying important to recognize that you got to give leeway to people and to directors another to do their job stay out of the way where you lead to and then come in and try to implement you know the oftentimes competing directives of five people that you report to in a way that is balanced and ultimately which is a successful outcome so I think it's a challenge that we'll continue to live with regardless in that position it's perhaps easy to say well I would do something slightly different of what he's doing but I think what is often is all the things that nobody sees that are either avoided or addressed timely or somehow eventually successfully addressed and keeping us on time that people don't always see that are really important and valuable and for that we will miss you I wasn't going to use the word traffic cop I was thinking more herder of cats but now you're going to use traffic cop I'm thinking of the iconic cop who danced while there was directing traffic now I want to thank for his last few years at the helm in his leadership and Commissioner Cameron pointed something out when you're working with the team you're working some long nights prior to opening that you're there with everybody and I think that was critically important you've been great to work with you have kept all of us informed and made time for all five of your bosses keeping us in the loop stepping in when you needed to I'm actually wearing colorful socks in your honor but I won't flash those on television I think the thing that is really impressed me is that even though we are a regulator our regulators have never been reluctant to pick up the phone and reach out to you personally and it has helped bring a lot of problems to our awareness helped solve a lot of problems but the comfort level that they established with you to understand what your role was but at the same time know that you know they had a very capable listener on the other end of the phone I think has really made a number of could have been explosions just turned out to be some minor bumps in the road and I think that's a credit to how you approach the job and your own personality so I wish you good luck certainly have enjoyed working with you and know you still might become a familiar face to us so this is the third time I've been in a going away party where you and I have been together it's usually me leaving so this is the first time that I'm saying goodbye to you in this capacity but you were one of the first people I spoke to after I got appointed one of the few people that I knew already when I got here and was consistent with what everyone said about how you treat people etc. I've always found you to be very respectful and open and candid and it was very helpful to me to know that that relationship was the same and continued and that you could be very honest with me and I could be honest with you I found you to be accessible on everything honest about everything up to date on everything I'll save any other war stories for after probably more appropriate but I also have a feeling given how often we've crossed paths that this is not the last time that we'll be sitting in this dynamic so I'm not actually going to say goodbye to you so much as to say I will see you soon because I'm sure that I will not only in the job that you're taking but probably in years to come at other state agencies so I wish you well and I'm sure that we will see you soon so it's funny when I was thinking that my first time I would have encountered Ed was here and that is true in person however we did try to meet each other in our former positions and to have coffee he was first assistant at the attorney general's office I was general counsel of the treasury there was work that we really had to do together on debt management and it just made sense that we meet we would go back and forth and we would not connect and I finally said to Ed look I think we're getting on the elevator together and I don't know who you are so we never met on the elevator or for coffee because he left too soon up in the AG's office so I knew that I would be now not having to worry about getting to know him on the elevator so my path didn't actually cross, we escaped meeting Ed of course has an impeccable reputation with all the external folks, our licensees and Meyer all that he has brought to them in terms of coming here and setting up their businesses here they have all been in touch with me to let me know I reached out of course to let them know of your resignation and of course the interim appointment of Director Wells and not surprising to a person they got back with such complimentary words and I've had the benefit of sending out messages to folks here so you know how I feel you know Ed is his strength is to with few words, few questions keep things rolling but what I have observed and I have said it now several times it's what I admire most as a leadership quality of Ed is that he has such unwavering confidence in all of you and the staff and he's a smart man because he knows his success has been because of the team but we're also smart up here and we know that it takes a great leader to get the very best we thank you for that Ed and I know that we'll probably be saying what would Ed do over the next few weeks and Karen I suspect you have his phone number handy so with that I would unless we have some more words I would like to awkwardly welcome Ed to the front because we want to make sure we capture Austin will capture us somehow this is where I like being chair because I get to make these presentations I could delegate it away but I'm not going to this is the fun part of the job I think he's going to have a fancy new office to hang this in and we're going to come check it out better be in a prominent spot or the basic I'm hoping I can read this okay it says on this ninth day of January 2020 the Massachusetts Gaming Commission proudly presents this distinguished service award to Edward our Bedrosian junior in grateful appreciation of his distinguished service to the Massachusetts Gaming Commission and the common of Massachusetts Ed's leadership over the past four years as executive director has been instrumental in guiding complex regulatory preparations to ensure the successful opening of the MGM Springfield and Clark Boston the Commission appreciates all he has done for commissioners MGC staff and MGC's many stakeholders the MGC would like to thank Ed for consistently encouraging staff to meet and exceed demanding professional responsibilities and extends its sincere gratitude for his leadership professionalism and his many years of dedicated service to the common leadership there's a microphone here so I would like to start by formally adopting the comments I made in the morning for the record I'm not going to say much beyond them they will exist in perpetuity but again I look out over all of you that's all I can always say it's been a privilege and an honor but it was it was my privilege to work with you but it was my privilege to watch you work you know the folks here we had some interesting trying times that no one ever could have predicted and yet you all state the course in the commission state the course also I mean there was a lot of reason especially early on when there was not necessarily a divide between but there was a lot of work happening at staff that the commission just had to trust was being done for particular reasons whether it was a licensing reason or not and they gave staff that confidence and that's a big ask and I appreciate that and you all stepped up and deserved it and so I really appreciate that and no matter I think what I do in life and I hope to have other successes I will look back on this particular time and think of all of you and be very proud so thank you so there will be cake I have a motion to adjourn this meeting so moved all those in favor those opposed would that be an opposition from anyone thank you everyone 5-0


I think the work that HCLU does in terms of filming and distributing messages from these kind of conferences is vital. It really is a very, very useful thing and you do extremely good work of a high quality that I've admired for a long time. We can bring new information, new analysis that's valuable but we also bring the opportunity to make the process transparent for not just for NGOs but for civil society as a whole for the media as well by adding that voice that isn't tied directly to any political agenda as individual government delegations inevitably are. So I think it's absolutely vital.